[HN Gopher] Earth sets new record for shortest day
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       Earth sets new record for shortest day
        
       Author : swamp40
       Score  : 56 points
       Date   : 2022-08-02 19:46 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.timeanddate.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.timeanddate.com)
        
       | zeeb wrote:
       | Well done, everyone!
        
       | h2odragon wrote:
       | From the added momentum from various historical figures whirling
       | in their graves.
       | 
       | See now if we'd paid a bit more attention to orienting them
       | properly (not too late now!) we could use that angular momentum
       | to straighten the earth's axis and thereby eliminate the scourge
       | of winter! Or at least banish it to the benighted polar lands
       | where it belongs.
        
         | alchemist1e9 wrote:
         | Speak for yourself. I can't stand the summer. It's the worst.
        
           | cyberpunk wrote:
           | wasps, mosquitos, too hot to cycle and no snowboarding? I'll
           | pass too ;)
        
             | NeoTar wrote:
             | Or move to somewhere in the new world where it is perpetual
             | winter and enjoying those things all year round?
        
         | smm11 wrote:
         | Or at least orient things so southern areas are lighter, later
         | at night, than northern areas, during the summertime.
         | 
         | You know, since the sun is in the southern sky then ...
        
         | dexwiz wrote:
         | http://dresdencodak.com/2010/06/03/dark-science-01/
        
       | twawaaay wrote:
       | Lack of understanding of the relation between 24 hours and
       | rotational period of Earth.
       | 
       | Earth does not take anywhere close to 24 hours to complete a
       | rotation, regardless of how you measure it.
       | 
       | Earth rotates in 23h 56m 4s with relation to distant stars.
       | 
       | Earth rotates in 24h +- 30s with relation to Sun. The length of
       | day depends on how far Earth is from the Sun, the speed at which
       | Earth rotates the Sun changes throughout the orbit. And so every
       | day the Sun makes a different distance around Earth (as seen from
       | Earth), making the day a little bit longer or shorter.
        
         | kingkawn wrote:
         | 23h56m4s doesn't come in at "anywhere close?"
        
           | twawaaay wrote:
           | They are talking about 1ms diff from 24h as being a lot. 4
           | minutes is hundreds of thousands larger difference.
        
           | dariusj18 wrote:
           | No, that's super far off astronomically speaking.
        
             | kingkawn wrote:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedant
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | twawaaay wrote:
               | Science is based on measurements and metrology is
               | essentially pedantry, so... a compliment? (And I am aware
               | this is bad logic.)
        
       | corentin88 wrote:
       | > A negative leap second would mean that our clocks skip one
       | second, which could potentially create problems for IT systems.
       | 
       | At least biggest cloud providers have already envisioned this
       | [1].
       | 
       | > A negative leap second, if one were ever to occur, would be
       | smeared by speeding up clocks over the 86,399 SI seconds from
       | noon to noon.
       | 
       | [1] https://developers.google.com/time/smear?hl=en
        
         | LeoPanthera wrote:
         | Why is a leap smear necessary for skipping forwards? Unlike a
         | typical leap second, which goes backwards, a forward jump
         | doesn't repeat timestamps. The clock could literally just jump
         | forwards a second and it would be fine.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | This breaks down when you think of all the code that assumes
           | 60 seconds in a minute:
           | 
           | ONE_HOUR_AGO = 60*60
           | 
           | Apply that to the wrong hour and... oops.
        
             | LeoPanthera wrote:
             | Ah, so this is another "Falsehoods programmers believe
             | about time" situation.
             | 
             | https://gist.github.com/timvisee/fcda9bbdff88d45cc9061606b4
             | b...
        
               | bpodgursky wrote:
               | I don't really want to get into what code should or
               | shouldn't have been written. When you are designing
               | infrastructure to support millions of lines of existing
               | code, you figure out what will break the least code, and
               | you do it.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | I wouldn't go as far as "falsehood". Leap seconds aren't
               | inherent to timekeeping. It's easier to do without them,
               | and a system like that isn't wrong.
        
               | LeoPanthera wrote:
               | > Leap seconds aren't inherent to timekeeping.
               | 
               | Leap seconds are inherent to timekeeping based on the
               | sun, which all civil time is. Without them, "midday" and
               | "midnight" become undefined.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Civil time is based on time zones, and it will take
               | thousands of years to have a meaningful drift in
               | comparison to that. If we avoid the hubris of thinking
               | that we know how clocks will be set hundreds of years in
               | the future, then the error from lacking leap seconds is
               | negligible.
               | 
               | And it's not like allowing .9 seconds of drift is
               | objectively correct either.
        
           | fanf2 wrote:
           | The main worry about a negative leap second is that we have
           | never had one so we don't know what surprising failure modes
           | might turn up.
        
         | notatoad wrote:
         | envisioned it and actually experienced it are different things
         | though.
        
       | quench wrote:
       | Surprised by this error from time and date .com the earth does
       | not rotate once every 24H of course, that's the time it takes for
       | the sun to be back in the same position (mean solar day) the
       | earth rotates once every sidereal day 23h 56m 4s (minus the
       | 1.55ns)
        
         | NotYourLawyer wrote:
         | Yep, this is because the earth spins the same direction as its
         | rotation around the sun. So each year, there's a discrepancy of
         | one day.
         | 
         | And 24 hours / 365 = about 3.9 minutes of discrepancy per day.
        
         | gmiller123456 wrote:
         | I picked up on that too. I generally expect that type of
         | simplification in non-technical articles geared toward the
         | general public. But this one was specific enough that I think
         | it deserved a mention.
        
         | sebzim4500 wrote:
         | It's not even the time until the sun returns to the same
         | position in the sky, since the earth's orbit is not a circle.
        
       | NDizzle wrote:
        
       | fanf2 wrote:
       | The short-term length-of-day chart is very noisy, and has some
       | seasonal components as well. The IERS Bulletin A has a table of
       | DUT1 values for the next year, plus a formula for longer-term
       | projections. (LoD is the rate of change of DUT1.) If you ignore
       | the seasonal components, it is a simple linear formula,
       | multiplying the Julian day number by a LoD factor. Last time I
       | looked this longer-term LoD factor was 320ms short of 24 hours,
       | which suggests the next leap second will be in about 5 years time
       | (2027) and will be a negative leap second.
       | 
       | There was a short period towards the start of this year when it
       | looked like the LoD was increasing, but that was only temporary.
       | The decrease in LoD has been fairly consistent (apart from the
       | occasional pause like earlier this year) for a few years,
       | starting when the LoD was more like 1ms slower than 24h, so it
       | was a while before the wider time-keeping community realised
       | something weird is happening.
       | 
       | I am collecting various links and notes and bits of code on this
       | and related topics at https://dotat.at/writing/time.html
        
       | mkl wrote:
       | Geologically and astronomically speaking, this is actually one of
       | Earth's _longest_ ever days. Earth 's rotation has been slowing
       | down for billions of years as it loses angular momentum to the
       | moon. See e.g. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/earth-
       | rotation-su..., http://www.iea.usp.br/en/news/when-a-day-lasted-
       | only-four-ho....
        
       | xwdv wrote:
       | Could speeding the earth by some significant amount improve
       | cooling performance? Sun rays spend less time hitting one area?
        
         | thehappypm wrote:
         | This is an interesting question. The emission of radiation is
         | proportional to the absolute temperature to the fourth power.
         | So, the hotter something gets the faster it radiates energy
         | out. Its nonlinear so theres definitely some winning strategy.
         | 
         | Energy in is constant, but energy out could vary. I think the
         | way to maximize the energy leaving the planet is to not rotate
         | at all. The energy input would be concentrated and you would
         | have one side very hot -- and the hot side would dump the most
         | energy back into space.
        
         | srcreigh wrote:
         | This reminds me of a video which answers the question "Is it
         | Better to Walk or Run in the Rain?"
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3MqYE2UuN24
        
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       (page generated 2022-08-02 23:01 UTC)