[HN Gopher] The richer people get, the more meat they eat
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The richer people get, the more meat they eat
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 94 points
       Date   : 2022-07-30 16:57 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | I wonder how much this accounts for obesity
        
         | pravus wrote:
         | >This probably explains the obesity crisis too >Meat is much
         | more calorie dense compared to vegetable
         | 
         | >I wonder how much this accounts for obesity
         | 
         | From my experience, probably very little. I've been hard-core
         | keto for almost 10 years now. I initially lost 100lbs and I've
         | easily maintained a healthy weight ever since. The vast
         | majority of my diet is meat and fat and I do not count
         | calories.
        
         | bicijay wrote:
         | Yeah... i doubt it. My bet would still go to carb rich diets
         | with sugar and processed foods...
        
         | dominotw wrote:
         | that has opposite correlation with wealth, atleast in the west.
        
       | ianai wrote:
       | Past is not indicative of the future when dealing with hugely
       | Complicated systems. Empirical models are only as good as the
       | data under them. The pricing models used in the infamous mortgage
       | backed securities that brought the world the 2008 Great Recession
       | were trained on data before the SL crisis. Further, fully all of
       | human pollutions until the mid 90s were subsequently surpassed in
       | the emissions from then until now. There just is no reason to
       | argue about these topics with simple graphs and lazy "theories".
       | 
       | This article is just slightly better than middlebrow drizzle in
       | data. But worse because it promulgates bad ideas.
        
       | captainbland wrote:
       | I find the biology argument a little strange as it's quite clear
       | that humans can happily survive whether they eat animal products
       | or not. Whether somebody is vegan or not in the modern world is
       | much more to do with the social situation that they find
       | themselves in, along with the availability of vegan foods that
       | appeal to their tastes than anything to do with chimpanzees.
       | 
       | It's also the case that there has been an explosion of choice in
       | vegan foods, particularly meat substitutes, that has really only
       | come around in the last few years. So looking at trends over a 50
       | year window isn't going to capture that.
       | 
       | I'm not even a vegan, for what it's worth. But this article
       | basically seems to hold up historical trends as immutable facts
       | and extrapolates from there which is not very convincing in the
       | changing situation that we find ourselves in.
        
         | jokethrowaway wrote:
         | I tried going almost meat free for a good decade (largely
         | thanks to huel, which allow you to eat enough protein to
         | workout).
         | 
         | Everything was fine until I hit 30s.
         | 
         | I started having serious stomach issues that doctors blamed on
         | "stress" or the misteries of the gut. Over two years I dropped
         | huel, gradually went back to meat, dairy and vegetables and
         | grains.
         | 
         | I still had painful, bloody and explosive episodes.
         | 
         | I started eating a carnivore diet and all the symptoms
         | disappeared in a week. I also lost 7kg.
         | 
         | This made me revaluate everything I believed in nutrition. I
         | realised that the reasons for introducing a vegetarian diet as
         | part of USDA was pretty much baseless and that USDA backpedaled
         | on fat consumption being bad.
         | 
         | At this point I frankly doubt much of the research on nutrition
         | and I'm not sure if I buy the reasons to avoid meat.
         | 
         | Is there really a link between meat and cancer and cardio
         | diseases or are you just trying to sell me some preprocessed
         | vegan crap?
        
         | Cederfjard wrote:
         | The thing is that you can't look at evolution and sexual
         | selection from the perspective of "this particular thing makes
         | the most sense or seems to be the optimum, and so of course
         | nature has made things such".
         | 
         | An urge can be very strong and provide just a little benefit,
         | and still remain. It can be weak and enormously beneficial, and
         | still just be prevalent in a small part of the population. It
         | can even be not beneficial at all, and just be a remnant from
         | when it was, or even a byproduct of something else.
         | 
         | So you can't discount biology, especially when looking at the
         | wider population, just because you think that for whatever
         | reason whatever the thing that caused the evolutional pressure
         | for the behavior you're observing isn't valid anymore. And even
         | if that's true, you're probably lagging a few hundred, thousand
         | or tens of thousands of years behind.
        
         | cassianoleal wrote:
         | > it's quite clear that humans can happily survive whether they
         | eat animal products or not
         | 
         | Perhaps, but survival is not the only point of eating and
         | shouldn't be the ultimate measure of your success as a human
         | being. A balanced meat-free diet is not easy. You need to be
         | very aware of the compromises you're making and compensate for
         | them either through much more thought put into your food
         | choices or supplementation. The BBC published an interesting
         | article a while ago on the topic [0].
         | 
         | > Whether somebody is vegan or not in the modern world is much
         | more to do with the social situation that they find themselves
         | in, along with the availability of vegan foods that appeal to
         | their tastes than anything to do with chimpanzees.
         | 
         | This seems to be a case of science and culture working around
         | biology. It doesn't really contradict the biological argument.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200127-how-a-vegan-
         | diet...
        
           | captainbland wrote:
           | The point from the article that I'm really concerned with is:
           | 
           | > It is well to keep this biological fact in mind when
           | considering outlandish claims about the imminent victory of
           | veganism.
           | 
           | And while 'victory' is loosely defined, appears to come from
           | the idea that:
           | 
           | > much of the world is trending towards plant-based eating
           | 
           | My point is exactly that if the "work around" (as you put it)
           | works then the argument that biological history will
           | necessarily prevent veganism from becoming more popular no
           | longer really holds, precisely because we can "work around"
           | it.
           | 
           | I don't really take issue with the idea that biology has to
           | one degree or another helped to shape dietary habits today,
           | just that the historical trend may not hold in the future in
           | the face of social (which I take to include scientific)
           | change.
        
           | wszfahwbwbaha wrote:
           | it's really not that hard that's just meat propaganda. Been
           | vegan 10 years and still somehow manage to boulder at a high
           | level without even thinking about my diet
        
             | sinsterizme wrote:
             | That's great for you, but it's quite common for vegans to
             | suffer from b12 deficiency. And that's just a commonly
             | tested one but meat also contains iron, taurine, creatine,
             | and a lot more that is hard to get from non meat sources.
             | Personally I went low meat (not even close to vegan) and
             | suffered. My b12 was low normal, yet I definitely felt the
             | effects.
        
               | drooby wrote:
               | Just want to add that I eat mostly vegetarian/vegan and
               | bouldering at v4 level. Also very easily gaining muscle
               | and not thinking too much about my diet. Just paid for
               | every possible blood test that my doctor could provide
               | and everything was in healthy ranges. Truth is... taking
               | a b12 vitamin a few times per week and having some vegan
               | protein shakes a few times per week is super easy. Truth
               | is... there a lot of vegans that just don't have super
               | basic knowledge about the diet. But it's actually super
               | easy to figure it out if you put in maybe 1-2 days of
               | research.
               | 
               | Also, something like one third of all Americans have low-
               | normal b12 levels. A lot more people should be
               | supplementing in general.
        
               | Maursault wrote:
               | > But it's actually super easy to figure it out if you
               | put in maybe 1-2 days of research.
               | 
               | Vegans always say this. It is not true, or it is only
               | half true, because you may gain the knowledge but very
               | often still not have any options. I am vegetarian (cheese
               | is my protein source because though I love the bean, it
               | is a bitch to prepare). I am terrible at vegetarianism,
               | but it isn't my fault. Nearly everything available has
               | some animal byproduct in it, and nearly everything
               | available is also not all that healthy, filled with sugar
               | and salt. It takes something like a detective's mind and
               | drive to sift through a grocery store and find things
               | that are actually good for you unless you prepare every
               | meal from its most basic constituents. On the road? Good
               | luck finding vegan or vegetarian meals. I honestly find
               | it offensive that everything everywhere is based on the
               | meat eater's diet with either one single or no decent
               | alternative menu item, which is just as likely to be mac
               | and cheese.
               | 
               | It is terribly annoying and difficult to eat healthy and
               | vegetarian, let alone vegan, especially in the South and
               | in the sticks. It takes virtuous dedication and extreme
               | vigilance, while carnivores need take no effort
               | whatsoever. I don't understand why there isn't a
               | vegan/vegetarian national chain restaurant, and one
               | without bazaar menu items no one's ever heard of. Veggie
               | fast food is a great idea, would draw crowds, but it
               | simply does not exist. Why isn't half the frozen section
               | filled with vegetarian and healthy TV dinners? Why isn't
               | the free market pouncing on providing healthy, simply
               | healthy, food? Basic, square, vegetarian food is all I am
               | after, and not finding it means I am pretty much starving
               | myself and settling for meals that really aren't all that
               | nutritious.
        
               | therealdrag0 wrote:
               | What vegan shake you have?
        
               | drooby wrote:
               | Currently using Orgain Peanut Butter and Vega Chocolate.
               | The Vega one has some extra minerals and vitamins which
               | is nice. Both are super delicious.
               | 
               | Tip... add a splash of vegan creamer to the shake before
               | mixing. I like to add Trader Joe's brown sugar oat
               | creamer and it makes it heavenly.
        
               | therealdrag0 wrote:
               | Cool. Gotchya. I'm not vegan but I drink Huel vanilla for
               | breakfast which is vegan.
        
           | someNameIG wrote:
        
       | TheDong wrote:
       | > Yet even in those rich countries in which the consumption of
       | meat has reached new heights [...] it has led to no demonstrable
       | ill effects on health
       | 
       | The article doesn't mention environmental pressures: as we
       | grapple with climate change, we'll necessarily have to reduce CO2
       | emissions, and meat is a huge contributor to global CO2
       | emissions. The health consequences of meat are hard to argue with
       | certainty, we really have only a rudimentary understanding of
       | health science.
       | 
       | We have a far better understanding of global warming, and we can
       | say with certainty that eating less meat will reduce global CO2
       | emission. Whether that means the price of meat goes up over time
       | (i.e. due to a carbon tax), or laws curb it, that's a factor
       | which may overwhelm the article's thesis that "more global wealth
       | = more meat eaten"
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | Are there any references covering how much CO2 is generated by
         | a realistic vegan/vegetarian diet?
         | 
         | It would be easy to identify a theoretically low CO2 diet of
         | rice and beans which does not require refrigeration, can be
         | dehydrated for transport, grown easily and dense in calories.
         | However this _is not_ the diet that I generally see vegetarians
         | /vegans eating - or the diet I go for when I eat vegetarian.
         | 
         | I'm suspicious that we look at extremely high quality
         | vegetarian foods when we want to claim health benefits, and
         | then low quality foods when we want to claim environmental
         | efficiency.
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | I think the claim is more that raising cattle leads to higher
         | methane levels and methane is a much more potent greenhouse gas
         | than CO2. There are other environmental or social issues with
         | raising animals for meat however (eg inefficient land use,
         | animal welfare, deforestation, zoonotic diseases, etc).
         | 
         | I don't buy your argument because I think people are just not
         | going to significantly change their behaviours because they are
         | scared by some predicted global warming apocalypse, and carbon
         | taxes seem unlikely to be supported in democracies for the same
         | reason. It seems to me that the only way we will significantly
         | curb CO2 emissions is by the environmentally better option
         | being cheaper than keeping the worse option, possibly with some
         | subsidies to help. It seems this is happening with electricity
         | generation now in the US, which is good.
         | 
         | Personally, I find environmental arguments to be stronger but I
         | expect any declining meat consumption to be driven by animal
         | welfare concerns, cultural changes, availability of
         | alternatives, and possibly vegetarian/vegan food becoming
         | cheaper or meat becoming more expensive (though that feels a
         | bit unlikely currently).
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | There is not one shed of science that can suggest with any
         | amount of confidence that eliminating livestock will make a
         | difference with global warming meaningful enough to justify not
         | being able to eat the food that we developed to subsist on.
         | 
         | I don't think anyone is suggesting that meat production at
         | present doesn't add something to the system, but CO2 and
         | methane emitted by the process isn't exactly new. Whether it's
         | corn or grass that's being fed on, the carbon being belched out
         | by cows comes from the carbon the plants captured from the
         | atmosphere before being eaten. While inevitably some carbon is
         | going to be consumed from the ground, it is minuscule compared
         | to all the other minerals that the plants need to consume. Why
         | would they need to get carbon from the ground when
         | photosynthesis already necessitates using atmospheric carbon?
         | And yes, methane eventually degrades into carbon over around a
         | decade or so.
         | 
         | Also, there were far more large grass eating ruminants on
         | planes like the North American continent, before humans killed
         | the vast majority of them, than there are cows being raised as
         | livestock now. We don't even have more cows being raised than a
         | decade ago. So trying to reduce meat consumption is not only
         | fighting against the atmosphere's own carbon cycle, but the
         | same cycle that was occurring in nature at a greater abundance
         | before man showed up.
         | 
         | We're better off just not releasing carbon that's trapped in
         | the earth's crust, which is what we're doing when we're burning
         | fossil fuels, because that wouldn't really be happening at such
         | a rapid rate in nature. But no one wants to talk about that. We
         | have nuclear, but the hand waving never stops. I don't really
         | know what to tell people who think that we need to stop eating
         | meat because of global warming when they refuse to advocate for
         | nuclear energy.
        
           | roboticmind wrote:
           | > There is not one shed of science that can suggest with any
           | amount of confidence that eliminating livestock will make a
           | difference with global warming meaningful enough to justify
           | not being able to eat the food that we developed to subsist
           | on.
           | 
           | As long as that gas continues to go into the atmosphere, it's
           | going to keep causing problems for climate change. It
           | accounts for 14.5% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions[1]
           | and a phase out presents a massive opportunity to sequester
           | carbon.
           | 
           | > We show that, even in the absence of any other emission
           | reductions, persistent drops in atmospheric methane and
           | nitrous oxide levels, and slower carbon dioxide accumulation,
           | following a phaseout of livestock production would, through
           | the end of the century, have the same cumulative effect on
           | the warming potential of the atmosphere as a 25 gigaton per
           | year reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions, providing half
           | of the net emission reductions necessary to limit warming to
           | 2degC. The magnitude and rapidity of these potential effects
           | should place the reduction or elimination of animal
           | agriculture at the forefront of strategies for averting
           | disastrous climate change.
           | 
           | https://journals.plos.org/climate/article?id=10.1371/journal.
           | ..
           | 
           | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/sep/07/20-me
           | at-...
        
             | Rury wrote:
             | Again cows don't emit completely new gas into the
             | atmosphere; all gas they emit originally came from the
             | atmosphere. So their emissions are not in anyway a problem,
             | as it's really just recycled atmosphere.
             | 
             | You'd might argue that they change the composition (eg
             | changing it to methane gas), but methane also breaks down
             | in the stratosphere. Sure it takes like 100+ years to
             | happen, but it's temporary. You can set a population of
             | cows, and keep it steady, and the amount of methane and
             | other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere attributed to the
             | cows won't change after some period of time. Now, growing
             | the population of cows will grow this temporary store of
             | gas, but cows bodies also are carbon sinks themselves which
             | offsets it somewhat. And likewise, as you cite, reducing
             | the population of cows and livestock would decrease their
             | temporary contribution of gas. But this temporary store of
             | methane isn't the root of our problems.
             | 
             | The real problem, is taking carbon from underground, and
             | burning it. For nature to naturally reverse this process,
             | takes _millions of years_. The _only_ real solution is to
             | stop burning fossil fuels, and /or to reverse the natural
             | process faster somehow (like by repeatedly burying trees
             | and growing new ones).
        
           | FooBarWidget wrote:
           | > Whether it's corn or grass that's being fed on, the carbon
           | being belched out by cows comes from the carbon the plants
           | captured from the atmosphere before being eaten.
           | 
           | I think the main problem is that said plants are grown using
           | fossil fuel-derived fertilizers.
           | 
           | Why they don't use cow dungs to fertilize said plants, I
           | don't know. Maybe a farming specialist can enlighten me why
           | chemical fertilizers are so much more abundanly used than
           | animal waste fertilizers.
           | 
           | Another problem is local buildup of carbon or nitrogen. The
           | Netherlands suffers from a nitrogen crisis: an EU court has
           | ruled that the Netherlands' nitrogen emissions are higher
           | than allowed by treaties, and so we must cut emissions.
           | Emissions are caused for a large part by farming activities.
           | These emissions are a problem because the nitrogen in farm
           | waste products originate from a non-local source. So the
           | nitrogen builds up locally and harms nature.
           | 
           | The Dutch government ordered farmers to cut back on their
           | stock. Now farmers are protesting, blocking roads and setting
           | hay balls on fire.
        
           | tootie wrote:
           | I'm not sure how you can say there's no science to back this
           | up. Livestock are accounted for as contributing nearly 15% of
           | greenhouse gas emissions. And since so much pasture is
           | cleared by razing old growth forest the cost may be even
           | higher. And aside from their primary contribution, livestock
           | place a lot of strain on water resources which are dwindling
           | due to climate change. I'm not anyone has bothered computing
           | the result of a world without livestock because it's so
           | improbable but it would certainly be very significant.
        
           | danielbln wrote:
           | We are omnivores, we can subsist on many things, meat being
           | one of them. If you enjoy meat that's one thing, but the "we
           | evolved to eat meat, now give me my steak" mindset is a
           | strange one.
        
             | ravenstine wrote:
             | If you put eat in front of a cow, they'll eat it if they're
             | even modestly hungry. Does that mean that they evolved to
             | eat meat? Of course not.
             | 
             | Mad cow disease wouldn't be a thing if this wasn't true.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_spongiform_encephalopa
             | t...
             | 
             | https://farmhouseguide.com/do-cows-eat-meat/
             | 
             | > If you enjoy meat that's one thing, but the "we evolved
             | to eat meat, now give me my steak" mindset is a strange
             | one.
             | 
             | It's only strange to for those who are unaware of the
             | evidence.
             | 
             | On the other side of the coin from cows, just because we
             | can eat plants, pass undigested cellulose in our stool, and
             | survive does not mean that we either developed to eat
             | plants, need plants, or operate _optimally_ on plants.
             | 
             | The fact that our ancestors ate mostly meat is not
             | controversial and is even backed up by stable isotope
             | testing. The fact that we lack aspects of an herbivorous
             | digestive system is not controversial. Go look for what's
             | called a cecum. By name, we humans have a "cecum" but in
             | name only since that word means "dead end". Our cecum looks
             | nothing like that of any animal that is herbivorous or
             | obligatively omnivorous. That's just one example. At a
             | higher level, we suck at digesting cellulose, and most
             | available plants before agriculture were very fibrous and
             | lacked the flesh of fruits and vegetables you find at a
             | grocery store.
             | 
             | Moreover, meat contains everything we need to survive and
             | function properly to the exclusion of any plant material at
             | all. If you're wondering about things like Vitamin C, well,
             | I don't really want to spend all day going into such
             | specifics, but long story short there's no need for an
             | abundance of Vitamin C on a diet primarily composed of meat
             | and lacking carbohydrates.
             | 
             | So no, it's not just about making excuses to eat tasty
             | meat. You might find that eating meat and not confounding
             | such a diet with carbohydrates and plant material has real
             | benefits.
             | 
             | EDIT: To further address your point about our supposed
             | omnivorism, we are only as omnivorous as we have to
             | _scavenge_. As I already mentioned, the kinds of edible
             | plants available to most humans before agriculture were not
             | very digestible or energy dense at all, meaning that to eat
             | plants required a significant energy investment given that
             | we didn 't always cook our vegetables. Not only was eating
             | plants not nearly as energy efficient as allowing larger
             | animals to digest those plants first, but most plants in
             | nature arguably aren't that tasty.
             | 
             | I'm a forager and have been doing so for well over a decade
             | (long before it was cool), and I have to be honest in that
             | most wild plants don't compare to meat in terms of taste
             | and satiety. The plants that are tasty are usually only
             | around for a short period of the year.
        
               | danielbln wrote:
               | There are a few points to unpack here.
               | 
               | 1. Cows are herbivores. They will eat meat in certain
               | situations if you put it in front of them, but it's not
               | good for them. We are not herbivores, we are specifically
               | omnivores.
               | 
               | 2. Our ancestors were hunter gatherers, and their diet
               | was by no means mostly meat. In fact, it was only meat
               | when available, which was every few days to weeks.
               | 
               | 3. There is evidence that humans are omnivores from both
               | an anatomical and physiological perspective. For example,
               | our teeth are suited for both grinding plant matter and
               | tearing meat, and our intestines are relatively long,
               | which is necessary for digesting plant-based food.
               | 
               | 4. Humans can not digest cellulose, this is true.
               | However, heating plant matter breaks down cellulose, so
               | at the very least, ever since we started using fire on
               | food, cellulose is not an issue. Technically, you could
               | even heat grass and eat it, but it wouldn't be very tasty
               | or nutritious.
               | 
               | 5. While a diet purely on meat is possible, it's not the
               | best thing for your health. A diet that is high in fat
               | and protein and low in carbohydrates can lead to health
               | problems over time, such as heart disease, stroke, and
               | cancer.
               | 
               | 6. Meat is calorically dense, so for hunter gatherers it
               | made a lot of sense to seek this type of food out. In a
               | modern world, this isn't really an issue, we have an
               | absolute overabundance of all types of foodstuff.
        
             | pravus wrote:
             | > We are omnivores, we can subsist on many things, meat
             | being one of them.
             | 
             | True, but I personally find it interesting that we have the
             | smallest cecum and shortest digestive tract of the apes.
             | Both of these are more indicative of a carnivorous diet
             | than a herbivorous one.
        
               | danielbln wrote:
               | There is no agreed upon definition of "cecum." The cecum
               | is a pouch-like structure in the lower intestine where
               | the large intestine begins. It is thought to aid in the
               | digestion of plant material, but its exact function is
               | not fully understood. Humans do have a relatively small
               | cecum compared to other apes, but it is not clear if this
               | is due to our diet or our evolutionary history.
               | 
               | There are several possible explanations for why humans
               | might have a relatively small cecum. One possibility is
               | that our diet does not require a large cecum to aid in
               | digestion. Another possibility is that the cecum has
               | shrunk over the course of human evolution as we have
               | adapted to a diet that is less reliant on plant material.
               | Finally, it is also possible that the small size of the
               | human cecum is simply a result of our anatomy and is not
               | related to diet or evolution.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | pawsforthought wrote:
           | Besides fossil fuel derived fertilizers used for feed, as
           | sibling commenters have mentioned, you're neglecting the
           | impact animal agriculture has on forests.
           | 
           | 2.1 million hectares (5.2 million acres) of tropical forest
           | is destroyed every year to make way for beef herds [1].
           | That's 41% of all tropical deforestation (which is where 95%
           | of the deforestation occurs).
           | 
           | This is a disaster both in terms of the vast stores of carbon
           | being released, and the destruction of habitat in the world's
           | most precious and biodiverse ecosystems.
           | 
           | [1]: https://ourworldindata.org/what-are-drivers-
           | deforestation
        
             | ravenstine wrote:
             | As if said impacts are not shared by plant agriculture?
             | Where do you think your vegetables come from? They need
             | vast amount of space to grow, they need to kill animals
             | that would otherwise inhabit the space, they need to spray
             | large quantities of pesticide from above, fertilizer is
             | necessary and fossil fuels are burned in that process, and
             | fossil fuels need to transport the crops.
             | 
             | > 2.1 million hectares (5.2 million acres) of tropical
             | forest is destroyed every year to make way for beef herds
             | [1]. That's 41% of all tropical deforestation (which is
             | where 95% of the deforestation occurs).
             | 
             | What are the economic incentives to destroy tropical
             | forest? Meat is by no means the only thing that land can be
             | used for, first of all, but there is no requirement that
             | cows be raised on land that was previously tropical forest.
             | Go check out the Great Plains where most of the United
             | States' cows are raised, because you won't find a tropical
             | forest, deforested or not, for thousands of miles. And yet,
             | somehow, meat continues to be produced.
             | 
             | No, I don't want forests to be destroyed, but it's a
             | separate issue. Forests have been destroyed for countless
             | reasons that have nothing to do with meat. Deforestation
             | sucks, but that really isn't a the best reason to conclude
             | that there's a problem with eating meat when deforestation
             | isn't an issue. That is unless you have a problem with the
             | non-forested land that cattle farms occupy, and most people
             | don't because tropical forests are more interesting.
             | 
             | As I have mentioned elsewhere in this thread, if we clean
             | up where we get our energy, these arguments mostly
             | disappear because, regardless of the end product, fossil
             | fuels are currently still being burned. Doesn't matter if
             | you're eating beef or soy.
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | One thing we're ignoring here is all the fertilizer used to
           | grow animal feed, which is generated from fossil fuels. So
           | it's not quite all fresh carbon.
        
         | kvgr wrote:
         | It is not, it is only recycling plants into methane that
         | changed to co2 and that is then captured by plants again. Ffs
        
         | greatpostman wrote:
         | Dude India and China are the biggest contributors. I'll take
         | these comments seriously when people start pointing at real
         | root causes
        
           | nicbou wrote:
           | The most populous countries which are also the world's
           | factory? Yes.
           | 
           | But if you look at emissions per capita, it's not China we
           | should look at. It's a country that outsources most of its
           | manufacturing and still manages to top the chart.
           | 
           | I feel like people say "but China" to avoid taking any
           | responsibility.
        
             | josephcsible wrote:
             | It would only make sense to look at emissions per capita if
             | emissions were driven by individuals rather than by
             | industry.
        
               | naruvimama wrote:
        
         | tomp wrote:
         | Meat contributes literally _zero_ to global CO2 emissions.
         | After all, it 's recycled grass.
         | 
         | Maybe meat faming _methods_ contribute CO2 emissions, but that
         | 's a reason to stop _those farming methods_ , not stop _eating
         | meat_.
         | 
         | Similar to people who hate aircon, people who argue that we
         | should stop eating meat simply reveal themselves as regressives
         | (hating advanced human civilisation, wanting a decrease in
         | energy usage of humanity, which necessarily implies regression
         | and mass death).
         | 
         | (Some people argue that beef contribute methane emissions,
         | which is true however methane is a cycle and contributes
         | nothing to the _long-term_ anthropogenic carbon emissions, the
         | entirety of which is coming from fossil fuels; yet still, the
         | correct response is improving agricultural practices, not
         | banning meat.)
         | 
         | Btw I fully support a carbon tax, as long as it's non-
         | discriminatory (i.e. taxes _all_ fossil fuel usage equally, not
         | meat and /or other "sinful" activities more).
        
           | roboticmind wrote:
           | If you keep emitting that methane, then it continues to
           | persist and leads to problems with climate change.
           | Unfortunately this can only reduced a bit with changes to
           | farming practices in the meat industry
           | 
           | > people that argue that we should stop eating meat simply
           | reveal themselves as regressives (hating advanced human
           | civilisation, wanting a decrease in energy usage of humanity,
           | which necessarily implies regression and mass death).
           | 
           | How does saying the meat industry is a problem "hating human
           | civilization"? It certainly does not mean regression and mass
           | death as it would decrease the amount of land, cropland, and
           | resources to grow food since we wouldn't need to grow so much
           | feed nor clear so much land for pastures
           | 
           | "If we would shift towards a more plant-based diet we don't
           | only need less agricultural land overall, we also need less
           | cropland"
           | 
           | https://ourworldindata.org/land-use-diets
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | I haven't read the article yet (and I will), but it would be
           | a great gift to the future of humanity if we could develop
           | sustenance that was devoid of suffering and murder.
           | 
           | I am no partisan for the cause (and will order anything from
           | a menu that strikes my fancy), but there is a certain mark of
           | savagery in what and who we eat that (I feel) it is our
           | destiny to overcome.
           | 
           | For us to solve as many problems as we can now will give our
           | progeny more focus on what they are tasked to do, and they
           | will thank us for it.
        
             | tomp wrote:
             | Every coin has two sides.
             | 
             | Vegans are implicitly promoting genocide of cows, chicken
             | and pigs. There's no chance these animals can survive in
             | nature, they're so numerous exclusively because they're
             | bred by humans for food. Is one-time genocide better or
             | worse than continuous perpetual murder? This essay argues
             | that it's worse.
             | 
             | https://slatestarcodex.com/2019/12/11/acc-is-eating-meat-
             | a-n...
        
               | quantumwannabe wrote:
               | Additionally, the _only_ way to lower emissions from
               | animals is to genocide them. It 's not just that they are
               | likely to die if left to their own devices, leaving them
               | to roam freely in nature results in them emitting the
               | exact same amount of carbon as when they were farmed for
               | meat (which is net zero, but that's besides the point).
        
               | tpush wrote:
               | > Vegans are implicitly promoting genocide of cows,
               | chicken and pigs.
               | 
               | Nonsense.
               | 
               | > Is one-time genocide better or worse than continuous
               | perpetual murder?
               | 
               | 1) False dichotomy, nobody is asking for "genocide".
               | 
               | 2) Even if, the answer is absolutely yes.
               | 
               | What a disingenuous and ridiculous stance.
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | > that's a reason to stop those farming methods, not stop
           | eating meat.
           | 
           | Presumably it would also be a reason to stop eating meat
           | grown using those farming methods. Which would be the
           | majority of meat consumed as it stands.
        
           | overcast wrote:
           | Yeh sure, matter is neither created nor destroyed. The
           | problem here is that massive amounts of carbon sequestered
           | over millions of years, is being released, just to create the
           | feed for these livestock. This isn't like a small group of
           | cattle, grazing on natural prairies.
        
             | josephcsible wrote:
             | Sure, let's stop making fertilizer out of fossil fuels.
             | That doesn't require us to stop eating meat.
        
           | teaearlgraycold wrote:
           | The only carbon tax that makes sense would be one that
           | targets fossil fuel production. Extracting oil from the
           | ground? Hella taxed. Extracting natural gas? Super taxed.
           | 
           | If people can find a good way to create fossil fuels from
           | atmospheric CO2 then they shouldn't have any fossil fuel
           | punishments in their way.
        
           | megaman821 wrote:
           | Meat contributes zero new CO2 IF the crops they are eating
           | weren't grown with fertilizer ultimately made from natural
           | gas. Do you know a country where this is true?
        
           | tpush wrote:
           | > Meat contributes literally zero to global CO2 emissions.
           | After all, it's recycled grass.
           | 
           | Do you genuinely not understand that these animals are bred
           | _for humans consumption_? They wouldn 't exist otherwise.
           | 
           | If you can nurture a human with X amount of plant food, but
           | instead use X+Y amount of plant food (and extra water,
           | fertilizer, fossils fuels etc.) to raise cattle to nurture
           | the same amount of humans, _you 've absolutely increased
           | carbon emissions_ as compared to the first option.
           | 
           | I sincerely do not get how one can miss this point??
        
             | josephcsible wrote:
             | > If you can nurture a human with X amount of plant food,
             | but instead use X+Y amount of plant food (and extra water,
             | fertilizer, fossils fuels etc.) to raise cattle to nurture
             | the same amount of humans
             | 
             | The key points you're missing are that the plants that cows
             | eat aren't suitable for human consumption, and the land
             | that said plants grow on isn't suitable for growing any
             | plants that are suitable for human consumption.
        
               | tpush wrote:
               | The vast majority of cow's feed is grain & soy, both of
               | which humans can eat directly. Current levels of meat
               | consumption both in value and cost wouldn't even be
               | remotely sustainable if everyone only ate pasture raised,
               | grass fed cows.
               | 
               | Not to mention that existing biotopes are being destroyed
               | in order to create more pasture; it's very much a self-
               | made problem.
        
             | simonsarris wrote:
             | > Do you genuinely not understand that these animals are
             | bred for humans consumption? They wouldn't exist otherwise.
             | 
             | In the United States we actually destroyed an equivalent
             | biomass of Bison and replaced them with cattle. Though
             | perhaps you celebrate the Bison eradication, too.
        
             | amanaplanacanal wrote:
             | Of course the long term answer is to _stop having so many
             | damn babies!_
        
               | josephcsible wrote:
               | People in the developed world are having too _few_
               | babies.
        
             | tomp wrote:
             | Water is a cycle and isn't actually consumed. Fertilizer
             | requires energy, as does transport.
             | 
             | If we make plant agriculture "sustainable" (i.e.
             | independent of fossil fuels) then we will also make meat
             | agriculture sustainable.
        
           | legulere wrote:
           | I agree that there's potential for sustainable husbandry in
           | grasslands you cannot use otherwise. But it's very small and
           | could not sustain today's mean consumption at all. Meat
           | production relies heavily on farmed feed, with very low
           | efficiency (25kg of feed for 1kg of beef). For growing that
           | feed you need a lot of farmland which is a driving factor for
           | the destruction of carbon sinks like the rain forest. Here in
           | Europe for instance we are not able to produce enough feed
           | for our animals, so we heavily import from the Americas.
           | 
           | Also your argument against methane emissions is not very well
           | thought through. You could argue the same against any CO2
           | emissions, by arguing that at some point they will be stored
           | by CCS again.
           | 
           | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/feed-required-to-
           | produce-...
        
           | Ma8ee wrote:
           | I can directly influence what I buy in the supermarket. I
           | have very little influence on what methods a farmer on the
           | other side of earth uses, whether he lets his cows graze on
           | land that used to be rain forest, or just uses many times
           | more fuel to produce the crop needed to feed his pigs than
           | would be required to produce the same amount of calories as
           | vegan food. So for now, I'm very selective in any meat I buy,
           | and most often abstain.
           | 
           | And methane stays in the atmosphere only a decade or so, so
           | _the day we stop release huge amount of it_ the effect will
           | disappear much faster. But as long as we continue to let
           | methane out in the atmosphere, it will have disproportionate
           | effect on the climate disaster. _Which happens right now!_
           | Not in some unspecified remote future.
        
       | auganov wrote:
       | When people go to a grocery store does it really make sense to
       | think about evolution and natural selection? Every part of the
       | modern food shopping experience has been designed by humans. Even
       | the food itself. It's strange to consider a chimp's hunting
       | instinct somehow relates to, say, a human's evaluation of what's
       | a good deal in dollar terms.
       | 
       |  _Evolution and Me: Darwinian Theory has Become an All-Purpose
       | Obstacle to Thought Rather than an Enabler of Scientific
       | Advance._ by George Gilder
       | 
       | https://www.discovery.org/a/3631/
       | 
       | "These evolutionary sex wars were mostly unresolvable because, at
       | its root, Darwinian theory is tautological. What survives is fit;
       | what is fit survives. While such tautologies ensure the
       | consistency of any arguments based on them, they could contribute
       | little to an analysis of what patterns of behavior and what
       | ideals and aspirations were conducive to a good and productive
       | society. Almost by definition, Darwinism is a materialist theory
       | that banishes aspirations and ideals from the picture."
        
         | allturtles wrote:
         | If Darwinian theory is tautological, why was it so
         | controversial? Indeed Darwin knew it would be, and so kept it
         | secret for decades after conceiving it. Why does it continue to
         | be controversial to this day in some places, such as the U.S.,
         | to the degree that organizations like the one you cited (the
         | Discovery Institute) are dedicated to dismantling it?
         | 
         | The core of Darwinian theory is not "what survives is fit; what
         | is fits survives." The core of it is: 1) Life can multiply
         | extremely rapidly, outstripping the available resources to live
         | on, meaning that only some offspring can survive (this comes
         | from Malthus) 2) There is random variation in the
         | characteristics of offspring, some of which will prove more
         | successful at survival and reproduction than others. 3) The
         | action of (1) and (2), starting from some unknown point of
         | origin of life, can explain all the variation in types of life
         | that we see around us today, from fungi to humans.
         | 
         | None of these are tautologies.
        
         | ajdegol wrote:
         | I don't agree it's tautological. His theory had predictive
         | power.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | SnowHill9902 wrote:
         | That's because Darwin's is an observation of self-replicating
         | systems in general and not an abstract idea or new concept.
         | It's tautological that the most successful self-replicating
         | systems are the ones most successful at self-replicating.
         | Fitness is by definition being successful at dealing with the
         | environment in regards to self-replication. Darwin's in the
         | general sense is in my opinion not a theory but a fundamental
         | observation of what is. The only theory is that there's a
         | continuous lineage of living systems that evolved one into one
         | other. But that's more of a teleological issue and can be
         | understood as a theory subject to rejection.
        
           | zmgsabst wrote:
           | Darwin's theory is that the diversity of life, the nested
           | hierarchy of traits noted by taxonomists before him, can be
           | explained by that fact about replicating systems -- and
           | doesn't require more than that and mutation.
           | 
           | Darwin explained an open question ("why do taxonomies look
           | like this?") by relating it to fitness and to trait changes
           | via artificial selection (eg, breeding horses and dogs).
           | That's why it's about how finches developed traits in nature
           | -- because repeated fitness selection in nature _like farmers
           | breeding lineages_ could account for differences in animals.
           | 
           | That the "fit survive" isn't the theory -- just a fact about
           | the world.
        
             | leereeves wrote:
             | > That the "fit survive" isn't the theory -- just a fact
             | about the world.
             | 
             | In Darwin's time the idea that "the fit survive" was very
             | much a theory.
             | 
             | A competing idea that we might call "the just survive" was
             | the basis of trial by ordeal and trial by combat, of
             | prayers for healing and rescue, and of holy wars. Many
             | people still believe that God chooses who survives, and
             | thus do not accept survival of the fittest.
        
               | SnowHill9902 wrote:
               | "Survival of the fittest" is a statistical observation of
               | a population ensemble. You can be otherwise fit and eager
               | to replicate and be hit by a truck. Or you can be sick
               | and almost infertile but got someone pregnant. So Darwin
               | doesn't explain the human condition and why the just
               | might fall due to sickness or the wicked become rich and
               | prolific. That only Heaven knows.
        
               | bluefirebrand wrote:
               | > So Darwin doesn't explain the human condition and why
               | the just might fall due to sickness or the wicked become
               | rich and prolific
               | 
               | You're changing the measure. Just-ness is not a measure
               | of Fit-ness. Nor is Wicked-ness a measure of Unfit-ness.
        
               | SnowHill9902 wrote:
               | I'm saying that "survival of the fittest" and the
               | existence of God can coexist.
        
       | jjtheblunt wrote:
       | there's no way this function from wealth to amount of meat is
       | differentiable
        
       | dan-robertson wrote:
       | I thought the article did a reasonably good job of addressing
       | most of the confounding factors I thought of. My first guess was
       | that this would be like population growth which is low when
       | countries are poor (due to high infant mortality or things that
       | correlate with being poor like civil wars), high as countries are
       | getting richer (combining high fertility with lower infant
       | mortality), and lower in developed countries (apart from
       | immigration; fertility may be below replacement rate). But then
       | we see the US continuing to eat more meat per capita into recent
       | times. My other guess would then be that the US is consuming more
       | food per capita (obesity and suchlike) but this doesn't really
       | line up with the relatively poorer Spain eating similar amounts
       | of meat.
       | 
       | It may still be possible that the peak was recent (the data given
       | isn't so fine-grained) and so we don't see a decline from 1970
       | levels or that there are other confounding factors, eg maybe
       | Spain's statistics are including meat consumed by tourists.
       | Tourism has increased a lot since 1970, I think, and tourists
       | seem likely to eat a lot of meat.
       | 
       | But it certainly doesn't seem that falling meat consumption is
       | anywhere near as universal as falling fertility as countries
       | get/remain rich.
        
       | HFguy wrote:
       | I don't understand the scope of research and topics the IEEE
       | publishes. I would think it would be electrical engineering
       | topics and things tangential to that.
       | 
       | Anybody have any insight?
        
       | jacooper wrote:
       | Does anybody actually believe the world is about to turn vegan?
       | 
       | Because you got to be really delusional to believe so.
       | 
       | Edit: title was changed, it was "Ignore the hype that the world
       | is about to turn vegan", and my comment was an answer to it.
        
         | oifjsidjf wrote:
         | The billionares are investing massively in fake lab grown food,
         | so they will obviously also pour billions into marketing and
         | pushing fake "lab grown food is good for you" studies just like
         | the tobacco industry did.
        
           | jacooper wrote:
           | The thing is, we all know that processed meat is bad to our
           | health, and its the core of many health issues in the wealthy
           | countries.
           | 
           | So what do you call fake meat?, super duper processed food?
           | And why should it be called meat in the first place if it has
           | no meat in it?,
           | 
           | It should be called manufactured meat-like... Thing.
           | 
           | Also is it more healthy than normal meat? Or will we discover
           | it has some long term side a effect that nobody noticed until
           | it was too late?
        
           | wodenokoto wrote:
           | It might not be real meat, but it is real food.
        
             | collegeburner wrote:
             | theres a lot of shit thats "real food" but aint good for
             | us. french fries in seed oils and a sugary coke is "real
             | food" technically.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | throwaway0x7E6 wrote:
             | well yeah, you can make a substitute for pretty much any
             | food with a starch, artificial coloring and artificial
             | flavoring. it will even taste "good" if you fry it in an
             | ungodly amount of oil, just like all these asian insect
             | snacks that are brought up as an example of bugs being a
             | perfectly good food - soaked in oil and seasonings, the
             | only way to mask their disgusting taste and smell
        
         | mrwnmonm wrote:
         | Are you saying the IEEE is delusional?
        
           | mrwnmonm wrote:
           | I am kidding btw, don't answer that.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | ReptileMan wrote:
         | Currently developing countries are enormous carnivores.
         | Veganism is mostly SWPL hipster thing from my observations.
        
           | triyambakam wrote:
           | Veganism is growing in popularity in Thailand and India, two
           | countries I'm familiar with, both which have a long Hindu and
           | Buddhist history of vegetarianism. Actually traditionally
           | vegetarian in Thailand meant vegan because cow milk was not
           | popular and eggs are seen as meat in Buddhism and Hinduism.
        
         | throwaway0x7E6 wrote:
         | our young global elites do, rather insistently.
         | 
         | there's no sacrifice they aren't willing us to make.
        
       | wooque wrote:
       | Not surprised. Meat tastes good and bio-availability of animal
       | protein is unmatched by any plant protein.
       | 
       | Apart from minor vegan delusion in the Western nations, meat
       | eating is not going away and it's not even reached its peak.
        
         | sarsway wrote:
         | Vegan delusions? Meat eating is overrated, most people have
         | never even tried to stop eating meat for just a month. Most
         | dairy things are pretty gross. You can easily live of a 90%
         | plant based diet and eat as little as 12/kg meat a year.
        
           | Pakdef wrote:
           | > Most dairy things are pretty gross
           | 
           | cheese?
        
         | karol wrote:
         | Fully agreed. Also I have a feeling the opposite might also be
         | true - the more meat a person eats the bigger their chances to
         | get good levels of energy and cognitive skills required to
         | increase earning potential.
        
       | goodpoint wrote:
       | This flamebait material does not belong to ieee.org and to HN
        
       | MrMan wrote:
       | our household reduced meat and dairy by 95%, its not hard or a
       | hardship.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | googlryas wrote:
         | The world will never go horseless. The richer one gets, the
         | more horses one owns. And the whole world is getting richer.
         | Therefore the world will be filled with horses soon.
        
           | gtsop wrote:
           | The world is not getting richer, some few are getting richer.
           | The vast majority is going light years away from getting a
           | horse
        
             | throwaway0x7E6 wrote:
             | in the West, the quality of life has been steadily
             | declining for the past 50 years. in India, China and
             | Southeast Asia, where two thirds of humans reside, it has
             | been steadily improving. things aren't great, but much
             | better than they used to be. China, for example, is facing
             | a slow exodus of Western capital, because it is no longer
             | cheap to manufacture things there, with median income
             | approaching Eastern European levels.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _the West, the quality of life has been steadily
               | declining for the past 50 years_
               | 
               | Based on what metric? Because on measures of health,
               | wealth and happiness it's bee a good half century.
        
               | throwaway0x7E6 wrote:
               | the middle class is rapidly shrinking. that's the most
               | damning metric
               | 
               | the lower classes are worse off now than they were then.
               | home ownership and education are unattainable, healthcare
               | is unaffordable, the overall quality of life is rapidly
               | declining.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _lower classes are worse off now than they were then_
               | 
               | This is objectively untrue in terms of real incomes and
               | net financial position. Life expectancy, too, has gone up
               | since the 70s. Consider the quality of life of America's
               | destitute in 2022 vs. 1972 and the choice is apparent.
               | 
               | This isn't a roses and sunshine pitch. But believing the
               | West is in decline (versus being caught up to) is a
               | common mistake that leads to predictably bad outcomes.
        
             | kar5pt wrote:
             | Do you have evidence of this? It seems false on its face.
             | https://intellectualtakeout.org/2018/09/is-the-world-
             | really-...
        
         | towaway15463 wrote:
         | To each his own
        
       | marcodiego wrote:
       | Ignore the hype that there is a hype that the world is about to
       | turn vegan.
        
       | dan-robertson wrote:
       | I think this submission should take the title of the article
       | rather than the more clickbaity subtitle. (Maybe the article
       | changed since it was linked?)
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Ok, we've done that.
        
           | mrwnmonm wrote:
           | It doesn't change the fact that the IEEE made an article
           | about a nonsensical "hype".
        
             | dang wrote:
             | I think you guys need to make an argument rather than just
             | shallow dimissals and name-calling like "nonsensical" (both
             | of which are against the site guidelines, btw). Also,
             | please don't just react to the headline. The word 'hype'
             | doesn't appear in the body of the article.
             | 
             | (Authors don't usually write the headlines at media
             | publications.)
        
               | mrwnmonm wrote:
               | > Authors don't usually write the headlines at media
               | publications.
               | 
               | Well, this is just sad.
        
               | goldenkey wrote:
               | This actually came up in the Amber Heard vs Johnny Depp
               | trial.
               | 
               | "Heard was also found liable for the headline, which was
               | written by a Washington Post editor."
               | 
               | https://www.insider.com/aclu-wrote-amber-heard-
               | washington-po...
        
               | mrwnmonm wrote:
               | Let's say the article is good and presenting a good
               | argument.... but can I conclude from this that the IEEE
               | is acting like news media and only care about traffic?
        
               | dang wrote:
               | Maybe yes. I agree the headline and especially the
               | subtitle are disappointing from them.
               | 
               | But we can't do anything about that, and we've learned a
               | long time ago not to judge media articles just by their
               | headlines. Nor by the general quality of the site,
               | actually [1], although that point isn't so relevant here.
               | 
               | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false
               | &so...
        
               | mrwnmonm wrote:
               | Got it, thanks for your efforts, my comments weren't
               | against you btw.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | Indeed it is, but it's been that way for well over a
               | century and it's a product of institutional pressures.
               | 
               | HN is in the sweet spot of not being subject to those
               | pressures (e.g. we don't have to optimize for clicks or
               | ads), so we can take a different approach to headlines.
               | Basically, it's the headline writer's job to sex up the
               | title and our job to knock it down to size. https://hn.al
               | golia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...
        
       | philipkglass wrote:
       | The global trend in meat consumption is clearly upward, as the
       | article says. I presume that global economic development is going
       | to continue along with more meat-eating. There isn't enough land
       | for everyone to consume meat like 20th century Americans if we
       | stick to 20th century meat production techniques.
       | 
       | What remains?
       | 
       | I personally believe that cultivation of hydrogen oxidizing
       | bacteria, and using them as a food chain base for animal feed,
       | may constitute a second Green Revolution [1] for the 21st
       | century. One early company in this space is Solar Foods [2]. Even
       | though Solar Foods is promoting direct use of microbial cultured
       | protein as a human food ingredient, I think that as costs go down
       | and scales go up it will become common for microbial protein to
       | be used in aquaculture and agriculture for feeding traditional
       | food animals which will then be consumed by people.
       | 
       | Hydrogen oxidizing bacteria can convert nitrogen, hydrogen, and
       | carbon dioxide to protein and other biological macromolecules
       | without relying on photosynthesis. This constitutes a potential
       | revolution in food production because any source of electricity
       | can be used to generate hydrogen from water via electrolysis, and
       | then biomass can be grown using that hydrogen plus carbon dioxide
       | and nitrogen (plus small amounts of other mineral inputs).
       | 
       | Photosynthesis has a very low sunlight-to-food energy conversion
       | ratio. A solar farm feeding hydrogen to microbial synthesis tanks
       | could achieve more than an order of magnitude more food
       | production per hectare than growing crops. Further, microbial
       | synthesis tanks do not require weed control, insect control, or
       | plowing (soil disruption). They require a minute fraction of the
       | water needed to irrigate crops. They could operate on land that
       | is too rocky, dry, hot, cold, or contaminated for farming. They
       | could operate in windy places with little sun if powered by wind
       | farms.
       | 
       | Here's an article focusing on the use of solar power for protein
       | production:
       | 
       | "Solar-powered large scale microbial food production"
       | 
       | https://www.pv-magazine.com/2021/08/03/solar-powered-large-s...
       | 
       | Also consider this astonishing recent research report:
       | 
       | "Microbial Protein out of Thin Air: Fixation of Nitrogen Gas by
       | an Autotrophic Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacterial Enrichment"
       | 
       | https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/322827781.pdf
       | 
       | The authors use selection pressure to develop a population of
       | hydrogen oxidizing bacteria that assimilate nitrogen from the
       | air. It potentially renders the Haber-Bosch process [3] unneeded
       | for protein production, replacing a high-pressure, high-
       | temperature industrial process with a room temperature,
       | atmospheric pressure biological process. That would be the
       | greatest sea change in agriculture since the original invention
       | of the Haber-Bosch process more than 100 years ago.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Revolution
       | 
       | [2] https://solarfoods.com/
       | 
       | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process
        
       | stefantalpalaru wrote:
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Others will describe this better, but the author of this article,
       | Vaclav Smil, is a Czech-Canadian academic known for hard-nosed
       | data analysis on social and environmental issues.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaclav_Smil
       | 
       | You can like or dislike it, but please respond to the arguments
       | in the article, not the baity title or the provocative topic.
       | Otherwise we'll just end up with a bunch of shallow-indignant
       | comments and that's not an interesting thread.
       | 
       | Past mentions of Smil on HN:
       | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...
        
         | stormbrew wrote:
         | This article does not read like it came from someone who was
         | doing a thoughtful analysis. It lacks a concrete point and
         | makes contradictory arguments.
         | 
         | Is meat eating our evolutionary destiny or a recent trend
         | driven by wealth? Is it something we are "built" to do or
         | something that literally at least a fifth of the entire species
         | does without?
         | 
         | Never mind correlating health outcomes with broad trends in
         | meat eating while also pointing out increasing wealth and
         | pretending that's not likely to be a confounding factor in
         | itself.
         | 
         | Like, the conclusion could be right here but this article is a
         | mess.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Yes, that's why I posted my comment - one needs to consider
           | this in the context of his larger body of work (edit: sorry,
           | that's not really what I meant to say - see downthread). This
           | isn't an internet flamethrower, or at least not just that.
           | 
           | It's a good test for HN. Must the community have a headless
           | chicken reaction to every provocation, or can we sometimes
           | remain organized enough for an interesting conversation?
           | 
           | Edit: I don't think your description of the article is fair.
           | It may be right or wrong but it is far from vapid. If you've
           | found fallacies in it, showing _how_ they are fallacies would
           | be a better contribution to an HN thread.
           | 
           | You've done that with your point about wealth being a
           | possibly confounding factor (good), but you broke the HN
           | guidelines with your first and last sentences (bad). Your
           | reaction to Smil as not-a-person-who-does-any-kind-of-
           | serious-analysis is a textbook case of the shallow dismissal.
           | That's something the HN guidelines ask commenters to avoid:
           | 
           | " _Please don 't post shallow dismissals, especially of other
           | people's work. A good critical comment teaches us
           | something._"
           | 
           | Also: " _When disagreeing, please reply to the argument
           | instead of calling names. 'That is idiotic; 1 + 1 is 2, not
           | 3' can be shortened to '1 + 1 is 2, not 3._"
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | stormbrew wrote:
             | Anyways, regardless of the rest of this I edited the first
             | sentence to more directly state my thesis and not make
             | claims about him (though I think you should consider your
             | role in bringing his personality into this discussion).
             | That said, I stand by everything I've said about the
             | quality of this article.
        
             | RC_ITR wrote:
             | A running list of some fallacies for those interested:
             | 
             | 1) Natural selection is the description of a process that
             | happens spontaneously. Natural selection does not actively
             | "form" us. Life forms itself _via_ natural selection and
             | the entire _point_ is adaptability in the face of
             | environmental constraints (i.e. earth's carrying capacity
             | for livestock)
             | 
             | 2) Chimpanzees may be our closest relatives, but so what?
             | They're hirsute and have complex grooming rituals to remove
             | parasites; we do not, among many other differences. Using
             | chimps as a "natural model" of human behavior is not
             | grounded in scientific thought. (EDIT: there's also the
             | "closest _extant_ relative" fallacy. There were plenty of
             | great apes closer to us than modern chimps, they just died
             | out. If in 100 years we cause the extinction of chimps and
             | bonobos [highly likely on current trajectory], then is the
             | natural model for humans the Gorilla, who mostly eats
             | plants and very rarely will also eat invertebrates?)
             | 
             | 3) The author states that increasing meat consumption has
             | led to no negative health effects (by only focusing on
             | heart disease), but the countries with the two largest
             | increases (US and China) have myriad health problems mostly
             | related to rising obesity rates. Heart disease is a poor
             | measure of meat-related health because a) it's highly
             | correlated with smoking b) we've gotten way better at
             | treating it.
             | 
             | Overall, it's the classic "trap" for HN. A solid (usually)
             | publication, a highly charged topic, and loose data
             | interpretation.
        
             | stormbrew wrote:
             | Ad hominem cuts both ways. If he wants to make a good
             | argument here he should do so, but there's basically
             | nothing in this article to talk about _except_ how much of
             | a mess it is.
             | 
             | How often are you in a controversial post's comments
             | advocating for people to read the author's other work to
             | justify the poor quality of the posted article? I've been
             | around a long time and I've literally never seen you do
             | this before. Have you considered the possibility that
             | you're the one with the wrong read here?
        
               | dang wrote:
               | I don't agree with that description of the article. I
               | think both it, and Smil, deserve better than shallow
               | dismissals and name-calling. He's writing about a
               | particular prediction that is commonly made, and showing
               | reasons to doubt whether that particular prediction is
               | true. I don't see anything wrong with that, although the
               | underlying topic is a hot one.
        
               | stormbrew wrote:
               | You're the one bringing his reputation into this though?
               | Until you started interjecting, everything _was_ about
               | the article. That it was about how poor the article is
               | doesn 't make it ad hominem, it's a product of the lack
               | of substance and direction of the article itself.
               | Sometimes things people write aren't very good.
               | 
               | And I said in a fair amount of detail why I can't find
               | anything in this article to argue about other than its
               | quality: I can't reconcile those questions to find a
               | _point_ to argue with. If I argue against the evolution-
               | is-destiny part then the counterargument is wealth and
               | vice-versa.
               | 
               | I really suggest you re-read this article with a more
               | critical eye because I honestly can't see what you see in
               | it, and I don't think you really believe "people should
               | read the author's other work" is a sustainable basis for
               | submission quality.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | > Until you started interjecting, everything _was_ about
               | the article
               | 
               | Until then, everything was about the headline.
               | 
               | (And mostly still is, considering that few commenters so
               | far have been talking about the specific points in the
               | body.)
        
             | triyambakam wrote:
             | > one needs to consider this in the context of his larger
             | body of work.
             | 
             | That seems odd and it feels like you are defending it out
             | of agreement with the author.
             | 
             | If this is a poor article, why can't it be criticized as
             | such? If Shakespeare, who for this analogy is considered a
             | great respected author, wrote a lazy and uninspired play,
             | one should just endure just because it's Shakespeare and
             | "one needs to consider this in the context of his larger
             | body of work"? That's unnecessary and fallacious.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | No, you're right - I didn't put that well. (I've been
               | posting hastily trying to prevent this thread from
               | devolving into a tedious flamewar and unfortunately haste
               | is bad for precision!)
               | 
               | On HN we definitely try to go by article quality (past
               | explanations from a slightly different angle: https://hn.
               | algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&so...).
               | 
               | I guess what I meant to say was more like: don't judge
               | this article (or any article) by just the headline! and
               | also, if you're pattern-matching this article to garden-
               | variety flamebait, it would be good to know who the
               | author is, because the priors here are totally different
               | than how they appear.
        
             | lovich wrote:
             | I read through the article and is it cutoff? It ends for me
             | with "chorizo..." and then a reference to the print article
             | this was published as.
             | 
             | If that's the whole article what was the argument they were
             | making? They showed that meat consumption went up a lot in
             | poorer countries and down a little in some rich countries,
             | and consistent in rich meat loving countries.
             | 
             | If the only argument is that, no the world is not about to
             | become vegan, then ok they showed evidence for that, but it
             | doesn't seem like a long enough article to have much of a
             | discussion over.
             | 
             | I'm not sure this couldn't become flame bait when there's
             | so little to discuss
        
             | a1369209993 wrote:
             | > one needs to consider this in the context of his larger
             | body of work.
             | 
             | No, actually, one doesn't. That's the same underlying error
             | as ad hominem attacks and appeals to authority. If he has a
             | point, he can actually _make_ that point, and if he doesn
             | 't, a larger body of work doesn't change that.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | Yes. Sorry. I didn't put that properly and I agree with
               | you.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32288733
        
         | wasabi991011 wrote:
         | My problem with this article is that there aren't many
         | arguments used in the first place. It's mostly a loosely
         | connected set of facts, with not much of a unifying thesis.
         | 
         | If the thesis is "meat consumption is growing", what's the
         | relevance of chimpanzee's diet or health outcomes?
         | 
         | Those two side-points make me think the thesis is actually "it
         | is normal and okay that meat consumption is growing", but if
         | that is the case it is woefully underargued. I think the issues
         | with comparing the diet of a different species is obvious, and
         | another commenter already mentionned the correlation between
         | wealth and health. But crucially the article itself doesn't
         | engage at all with issues of climate change or animal rights.
         | 
         | I don't know who Smil is. I'm just responding to this article.
        
       | naruvimama wrote:
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
       | our society has historically been poor, for centuries at end but
       | only recently in the past 30 odd years, "wealth" has seen our
       | doors and that has somehow changed the whole scenario.
       | 
       | in the past, when no one had any money, cooking oil was a luxury
       | and having oily food was a public display of your "considerable
       | wealth so many generations grew around the notion of "oily food
       | is a status symbol". fast forward it to today coming from the
       | last 30 years, when everyone could now afford cooking oil, the
       | idea in the minds of old people stuck around.
       | 
       | we still find the old generation in offices and shops eat "oily
       | food" because their wives at home who prepare the food still
       | imagine if "someone sees non-oily food that they would think they
       | are poor".
       | 
       | i personally know people who have become obese and developed
       | related diseases because of being fed "extra oily food" during
       | their lunch-tiffin.
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | Are haakh, lotus root, kohlrabi (sorry forgot words for the
         | last two) still considered poor people food?
        
       | im3w1l wrote:
       | When people say _biology causes x_ , what's usually happening is
       | biology -> a -> b -> c -> x
       | 
       | Break any of those links, and biology will cease causing x. In
       | other words, the biological causation is conditional on the
       | environment.
       | 
       | Another commenter mentioned fake-meat, and I think this indeed
       | will be what breaks the chains. But I want to take it one step
       | further. Not just imitation but rather superstimuli[0]. Something
       | that is more meat than meat itself. If we can create superstimuli
       | in so many other categories, then why not meat?
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernormal_stimulus
        
       | invalidname wrote:
       | This is rehashing obvious information and complete nonsense.
       | That's why companies like beyond meat, impossible foods, etc.
       | exist. It's becoming "vegan" without giving up on "meat". Yes, I
       | know it isn't the same. The goal is to get it "good enough" and
       | affordable. Once it's there, a lot of meat eaters will reduce
       | "actual meat" intake and that's "effectively vegan".
       | 
       | Veganism is a growing trend in most places I go. But it will
       | probably not cross the chasm without fake meat. That's the story.
        
         | theshrike79 wrote:
         | Fake meat is the e-cigarette of the food world.
         | 
         | It's a tool that can be used to transition from a bad thing to
         | a less bad thing or even a good thing.
         | 
         | Maybe in the future the Beyond Meats of the world are cheaper
         | and clearly better for the environment than meat, but for now
         | they are good tools to prove the doubters that not every meal
         | needs to have a dead animal in it.
         | 
         | We are at the point where an average non-meat option in a
         | burger is better than a bad meat burger. The alternative
         | options can't beat a premium burger though - not yet.
        
           | bobkazamakis wrote:
           | >Fake meat is the e-cigarette of the food world. >It's a tool
           | that can be used to transition from a bad thing to a less bad
           | thing or even a good thing. It works well as a transition,
           | but I don't think the end result is going to be "okay now we
           | drop fake meat" -- there's nothing inherently unhealthy about
           | fake meat.
        
             | smileysteve wrote:
             | There are a number of things unhealthy about fake meat; soy
             | is an endocrine disruptor, some of the oils they use are
             | hydrogenated.
             | 
             | Black beans are less of an endocrine disruptor and pea
             | protein even better.
        
               | wyre wrote:
               | Neither the impossible or beyond burgers use hydrogenated
               | oils. The beyond burger doesn't use soy protein.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't take HN threads into flamewar on predictably
         | divisive topics. It leads to predictably shallow-indignant
         | threads--the opposite of the curious conversation we're trying
         | for here.
         | 
         | Smil may be a provocateur but he's a smart and informed one and
         | his arguments deserve _specific_ responses, not generic
         | dismissals.
        
           | mrwnmonm wrote:
           | Serious question, can you see why people are angry here?
           | 
           | They actually like to see wisdom and well written articles
           | from this kind of institutions.
           | 
           | People are angry here for good reason.
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Absolutely, I can see why people are angry - but the
             | reactive style of post that it's leading to is against the
             | site guidelines
             | (https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html), and I
             | think this is an interesting test case to make that point
             | about.
        
           | goodpoint wrote:
           | Say that to the author of the flamebait article.
        
             | dang wrote:
             | I don't think that's an accurate read of Smil. See
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32288434. I haven't
             | read much of him, mind you, but I don't suppose most people
             | angrily dismissing his arguments have either.
             | 
             | More generally: HN commenters need to stick to the site
             | guidelines regardless of provocation. Would you guys mind
             | reviewing https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html?
             | They're pretty clear about cases like this:
             | 
             | " _Comments should get more thoughtful and substantive, not
             | less, as a topic gets more divisive._ "
             | 
             | " _Please don 't pick the most provocative thing in an
             | article or post to complain about in the thread. Find
             | something interesting to respond to instead._"
        
       | pohl wrote:
       | Fresh vegetables too, though, I bet. Money gives people access,
       | film at eleven.
        
       | bobthepanda wrote:
       | Meat is a status thing. In many countries meat was more expensive
       | than veggies pound for pound, so rich people ate more meat.
       | 
       | Poor people ate very plant heavy diets but that was because they
       | had to.
       | 
       | There isn't really an equivalent reversal of status at the ultra-
       | rich level to dial it back down.
        
         | dllthomas wrote:
         | Status things that are comfortably within the reach of everyone
         | often cease to be status things.
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | There are still plenty of poor people who can't afford meat
           | in every meal, even in rich countries. And even with mass
           | meat consumption there is still further delineation like
           | grades of meat that is plenty for rich consumers to
           | differentiate themselves from (most people certainly cannot
           | afford to cook Kobe/Wagyu with every meal)
        
       | olivermarks wrote:
       | 'Ignore the hype that the world is about to turn vegan'
       | 
       | I have never heard any of this 'hype' anywhere except from
       | evangelizing vegetarians.
       | 
       | The IEEE is becoming a pretty weird organization with dystopian
       | undertones these days. https://www.ieee.org/about/ieee-strategic-
       | plan.html
        
       | OrvalWintermute wrote:
       | "When you look at Impossible Burger or Beyond Meat, they have 21
       | or 22 highly processed ingredients. So processed, that you are
       | hard pressed in identifying the difference between those items,
       | versus let's say, pet food." [1]
       | 
       | [1] https://twitter.com/ghgguru & https://clear.ucdavis.edu/blog
        
         | kcplate wrote:
         | This alone makes me avoid these products like the plague. I
         | honestly do not understand why if you desire and need "meat"
         | enough to opt for a highly processed inferior meat analog, why
         | you don't just eat the real thing.
         | 
         | Is there really any highly processed foodstuff out there that
         | is truly healthy? Doesn't really seem to be.
        
           | turtlebits wrote:
           | Not all people avoid meat for health reasons. If there's a
           | market for it, so be it.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
           | > I honestly do not understand why if you desire and need
           | "meat" enough to opt for a highly processed inferior meat
           | analog, why you don't just eat the real thing.
           | 
           | Many people would like to eat meat without the environmental
           | impact/killing animals. What is hard to understand about
           | that?
        
             | proc0 wrote:
             | It's a loss of opportunity cost that reveals how much
             | people actually care about the environment.
             | 
             | Want to sacrifice a bit of taste and save the environment?
             | Yes!
             | 
             | Want to sacrifice the taste of meat to save the
             | environment? Nah.
        
             | kcplate wrote:
             | It just has a strange irony to me. "I don't want to kill
             | animals, but I am not willing to give up the taste of their
             | delicious flesh"
        
               | stormbrew wrote:
               | Humans aren't robots. We can't just align every level of
               | our stimulus response around a single goal. Lots of
               | studies have been done on how complicated the
               | relationship between conscious motivation and eating is,
               | and for the most part have come down on the side of "we
               | have very little control over our base desires when it
               | comes to food."
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | Giving up food, a cultural and often deep identity-level
               | cornerstone, is hard even when they conflict with your
               | ethics. Eating fake meat because you disagree with animal
               | slaughter but enjoy the taste is still consistent.
               | 
               | Anyways I don't think these are the people who deserve
               | our scrutiny. They are more consistent than those of us
               | who are onboard with vegan ethics but still can't stop
               | eating meat, which is me most weeks of the year
               | unfortunately.
        
               | pedrosorio wrote:
               | I don't understand how this is hard to follow:
               | 
               | "Doing X gives me pleasure, it requires doing Y which
               | causes suffering to entities that are not myself. I will
               | avoid doing X and instead do X' which minimizes suffering
               | in the world, even if it's not as good for me"
        
               | kcplate wrote:
               | It's not hard to follow, it's just strange to me on a
               | couple of levels:
               | 
               | Approaching from a non-vegan morality perspective, but
               | vegan for health, I don't understand why you would opt
               | for something so highly processed instead of having
               | something whole and unprocessed.
               | 
               | From a vegan for morality sake...it's like Westworld, but
               | the food equivalent.
        
               | pedrosorio wrote:
               | It is not like Westworld because the pleasure is not in
               | killing / perceiving suffering in others. It's just in
               | eating (which for most people raised in cities is
               | completely disconnected from the animal suffering).
        
               | kcplate wrote:
               | I disagree. It's a way to enjoy an experience that is
               | "outside" of your "moral code" without the moral
               | consequences.
        
         | roboticmind wrote:
         | This is a false dichotomy. Plenty of people do whole foods
         | plant-based diets without those. Additionally, it's also often
         | replacing highly processed meats
        
         | triyambakam wrote:
         | That's why I eat beans
        
         | theshrike79 wrote:
         | Is "highly processed" always the same as "bad"?
        
           | tomp wrote:
           | Capitalism doesn't optimise for health, it optimises for
           | addiction, profit, and lower costs (a.k.a. lower quality).
           | 
           | So, yes, the more processed a food is, the more aligned it is
           | to capitalistic motives, the less healthy it is.
        
           | DeWilde wrote:
           | Highly processed is almost always synonymous with the types
           | of food that are considered bad for your health.
           | 
           | From WP [0]: "he term ultra-processing refers to the
           | processing of industrial ingredients derived from foods, for
           | example by extruding, moulding, re-shaping, hydrogenation,
           | and hydrolysis. Ultra-processed foods generally also include
           | additives such as preservatives, sweeteners, sensory
           | enhancers, colourants, flavours, and processing aids, but
           | little or no whole food."
           | 
           | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-processed_food
        
           | mjevans wrote:
           | I would argue for the position of 'not always'. In my opinion
           | it is much the same as GMO plants. The intent and target of
           | the modification matters. A plant that is modified to
           | tolerate deadly chemicals is evil; it must be handled
           | carefully if consumed at all so that the chemicals it
           | tolerates do not poison us. A plant which is modified to have
           | a higher or higher quality (more nutrition?) yield might be
           | good.
           | 
           | Thus the highly processed foods. It depends on what the
           | intent of the process is and how the results are used in the
           | whole. Even if it might be less healthy I sure do love breads
           | and noodles.
        
       | jzellis wrote:
       | I think within a decade most of us will be eating whatever
       | calories are in front of us and glad to have them. Especially as,
       | like most of the cornerstones of modern civilization, the way we
       | eat now is mathematically unsustainable.
        
         | collegeburner wrote:
         | actually it's very sustainable for ppl in America. we export a
         | shitton of food (and through that water), we just gotta stop.
         | were one of the less dense countries and have plenty of arable
         | land etc.
         | 
         | i do feel for the rest of the world tho, they prolly gonna have
         | to take a downgrade in they standard of living.
         | 
         | source: https://www.agfoundation.org/common-
         | questions/view/does-the-...
         | 
         | were a net exporter by $ and a lot of what we import is
         | expensive shit without much calories (cofee, chocolate) not
         | actually calories.
        
         | DeWilde wrote:
         | Any source for this claim of unsustainability of current food
         | production?
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | Current food production relies heavily on fossil fuels, so
           | it's inherently unsustainable. Which is not to say that it
           | can't be changed to become sustainable, I'd say the jury is
           | still out on that question.
        
           | kitkat_new wrote:
           | the rainforests are burned for our food production
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-07-30 23:02 UTC)