[HN Gopher] Polio Detected in US
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Polio Detected in US
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 229 points
       Date   : 2022-07-22 15:29 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | ryanbytes wrote:
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Polio is a solved problem. Stupidity on the other hand is not
        
         | ars wrote:
         | Polio is not solved. You need to learn more about it if you
         | think that.
         | 
         | There is currently an epidemic of vaccine derived polio (of
         | which this is a case). We do not have a solution for this.
         | 
         | I could write several pages of how Polio eradication is failed
         | because of subtype 2, but maybe you could just read for
         | yourself.
         | 
         | Start here:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_eradication#2022 and see
         | how man countries are being infected with cVDPV which is caused
         | by vaccination!
         | 
         | Then scroll up and see how it's page after page after page of
         | vaccine derived Polio.
         | 
         | There's currently a huge problems: Subtype 2 doesn't exist in
         | the wild, so normally you would not vaccinate for it. But if
         | you don't vaccinate for it than vaccine derived subtype 2 takes
         | hold - but if you do vaccinate for it, then you _create_ cases
         | of vaccine derived polio!
         | 
         | So how do you solve that?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | marius_k wrote:
           | Are you saying the problem is that we can't stop vaccinating
           | for polio even if this normal type polio is gone? Because if
           | we do stop vaccinating there is a risk of subtype 2
           | spreading. This looks like not a big problem. And it can be
           | solved by making a beter vaccine(?)
        
             | ars wrote:
             | > This looks like not a big problem. And it can be solved
             | by making a beter vaccine(?)
             | 
             | Yes, make a better vaccine, not a big problem, why didn't
             | anyone else think of that?
             | 
             | For your information they are trying, and have been working
             | on it for years, it's called nOPV2.
        
               | marius_k wrote:
               | By "not a big problem" I mean it would be worse to still
               | have pandemic of original polio and maybe with additional
               | mutations.
               | 
               | I am a layman in this field so I could be wrong.
        
           | oneoff786 wrote:
           | You solve it by vaccinating for it.
        
           | Hallucinaut wrote:
           | Isn't the vaccine derived polio simply because it's the cheap
           | version? If that's correct then the direct answer to your
           | somewhat rhetorical question is: subsidise the expensive
           | version globally so that we don't have to later pay for the
           | externalities caused by a riskier vaccine?
        
             | Vecr wrote:
             | You can't eradicate polio (the virus, not the disease) by
             | doing that though, IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine), even
             | the enhanced version, can't produce gut immunity to the
             | level required to stop transmission even with a 100%
             | vaccination rate.
        
       | shmde wrote:
       | Until early 1990s India was hyperendemic for polio, with an
       | average of 500 to 1000 children getting paralysed daily. India,
       | has eradicated polio since a decade now.
       | 
       | Its so ironic to see how a first world country in this date has
       | detected polio and gone through a recent measles outbreak. Why do
       | Americans try so hard to make things difficult for everyone
       | around them. From Flat earth theories, loose gun laws to Anti Vax
       | movement, anti abortion movements has something gotten to the
       | average American population ?
        
         | nicce wrote:
         | > first world country
         | 
         | Maybe U.S. is not anymore entitled for this title. No efficient
         | and free healthcare or education like the other first world
         | countries have. And other issues which you just stated. It
         | feels that even democracy has serious challenges at the moment.
        
           | andrekandre wrote:
           | > No efficient and free healthcare or education like the
           | other first world countries have. And other issues which you
           | just stated.
           | 
           | what is the cause of these issues? i've heard education used
           | to be almost free in the us at some point... what happened?
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | It's not about healthcare access or education, both of which
           | are free and ignored in the case of vaccines.
           | 
           | It's about the increasing ideological fracturing of this
           | country.
           | 
           | It's probably natural too. Without an actual enemy
           | threatening our way of life, we've turned inwards against
           | ourselves. Like an under stimulated immune system attacking
           | itself.
           | 
           | Emotions are easy to manipulate with political subjects.
           | Partisan narratives sell, they're mimetic, and they spread
           | like wildfire. It turns into a religious war, and each side
           | distrusts the other, stops listening.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | A lot of that internal conflict is actually the results of
             | foreign acts of war though. Just look at how much money and
             | other forms of support for the far-right came out of Russia
             | - and not just for the US but also about half of Europe.
             | 
             | And in any case the US has been continuously involved in
             | some kind of war for like the last decades? Vietnam, Iraq
             | 1, Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Iraq 2, anti-IS coalition...
        
           | fknorangesite wrote:
           | > Maybe U.S. is not anymore entitled for this title.
           | 
           | The term is a Cold War relic in any case.
        
             | pm90 wrote:
             | Not sure why this is being downvoted, it's technically
             | correct.
             | 
             | First World: US + NATO + Friends (loosely termed "The West)
             | 
             | Second World: Soviet Union + Warsaw Pact + Friends
             | 
             | Third World: Rest of the world.
        
         | mtoner23 wrote:
         | As if no other developed country has problems with extremists.
        
           | BizarroLand wrote:
           | We decry extremists while giving them political power. You
           | see how hypocritical it is, right?
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | > has something gotten to the average American population ?
         | 
         | Social media makes it very easy to find like minded people and
         | this is not always a good thing. It also makes it easy to reach
         | people that are susceptible to disinformation.
        
       | jefftk wrote:
       | Worth reading about the two kinds of polio vaccine:
       | https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/polioviruscontainment/diseaseandviru...
        
       | koheripbal wrote:
       | ...in the same county that had America's largest recent Measles
       | outbreak in 30 years. Rockland county.
       | 
       | My good friend is a pediatrician in the area and frequently gets
       | calls from mom's who ask if he does "evaluations for potential
       | vaccine injury" - which is code for "I need a note from a doctor
       | to have my child exempt from vaccination".
       | 
       | Unfortunately, their poor vaccination culture caused Measles to
       | spread to neighboring New York City, and then across the country.
        
         | sethhochberg wrote:
         | Its worth noting that on both the Rockland County and NYC
         | sides, these outbreaks are largely contained to ultra-Orthodox
         | Jewish communities that operate sort of adjacent to secular
         | society.
         | 
         | Not that this excuses anything; much has been written about the
         | challenges within and around these communities and the lives of
         | people within them. But the issue is less that the modern
         | public health apparatus has collapsed and more that there are
         | large groups of people in these areas who have extreme
         | religious views and generally seek isolation from the secular
         | world - an isolation that extends up to and includes public
         | education and public health.
        
           | CoastalCoder wrote:
           | I'm torn on whether to see this as a problem that needs
           | solving by people outside of those communities.
           | 
           | I.e., the libertarian in me wants to let each community make
           | its own choices based on their values, and then live with the
           | resulting pros / cons.
           | 
           | On the other hand, those communities aren't 100% insular from
           | surrounding society. Maybe their lower vaccination rates
           | increase the chances of spreading the virus to outsiders who
           | _can 't_ be vaccinated, consume extra healthcare resources,
           | and/or increase the odds of generating a new variant that
           | current vaccines can't stop.
        
             | namdnay wrote:
             | The libertarian in me thinks that it's unfair for a child
             | to be crippled for life because of the imbecilic views of
             | their parents. That's where the "to each their own"
             | philosophy breaks down for me - it assumes that children
             | "belong" to their parents, and that it's fair for them to
             | have to shoulder the consequences of their parents'
             | decisions
        
               | MomoXenosaga wrote:
               | There are children who can't be vaccinated because of
               | medical complications. This is why we need herd immunity.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | bobkazamakis wrote:
             | >I.e., the libertarian in my wants to let each community
             | make its own choices based on their values, and then live
             | with the resulting pros / cons.
             | 
             | Has the libertarian in you seen what happens when an area
             | bans guns but the surrounding areas don't?
        
               | aaaaaaaaaaab wrote:
               | What happens?
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Which areas have banned guns?
        
               | hotpotamus wrote:
               | The Supreme Court for one.
        
               | throwaway_4ever wrote:
               | OP is referring to a place like Chicago that has some of
               | the strictest gun bans, is lambasted by conservative
               | media, "look, gun bans but still high shootings," but
               | generally fail to realize that Chicago is surrounded by
               | areas with the loosest gun restrictions like next door
               | Indiana. The guns just come right across state borders 5
               | miles away.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Guns are not banned in Chicago. There do have tighter
               | restrictions than surrounding areas (and some of those
               | restrictions may be unconstitutional), but many
               | Chicagoans legally own guns.
               | 
               | https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-chicago-gun-
               | laws-30646...
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | They were for a very long time, but right-wing rhetoric
               | takes decades to be updated. Most of it is recycled Ezra
               | Pound/Eustace Mullins/John Birch shit.
        
               | throwaway_4ever wrote:
               | Is there a meaningful difference between ban and
               | restriction? It seems pedantic. But maybe wrt
               | specifically gun law there is a difference?
               | 
               | I never implied all guns were banned in Chicago. "some of
               | the strictest"
        
               | yonaguska wrote:
               | Yes, a ban would mean you'd be a criminal by mere
               | possession, while restrictions means you have to jump
               | through lots of hoops in order to not be a criminal. You
               | can legally conceal carry a gun in Chicago. And based on
               | my conversations with several members of law enforcement
               | as well as a few notable cases of self defense, you
               | probably won't be charged if you have a strong self
               | defense case, even if you happen to be unintentionally
               | breaking a law. Such as the woman that shot a man trying
               | to rob/rape her while she was waiting for the bus. She
               | would have been carrying illegally by virtue of using
               | public transit, but no charges were pressed.
        
               | fein wrote:
               | And yet those states with lax gun regulations have
               | nothing even close to the level of gun crime in the
               | Chicago area. If it was availability of guns that was the
               | catalyst for this behavior, one would expect to see
               | similar patterns elsewhere.
        
               | namdnay wrote:
               | I think that's the point of the poster above? That the
               | ready availability of guns around Chicago is a factor in
               | the gun violence within the city
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | Chicago has a firearm homicide rate of 29 per 100,000
               | (https://oneaimil.org/the-issue/impact-of-gun-violence/).
               | 
               | Illinois overall has a "firearm injury death rate" of
               | 14.1 per 100,000 (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/stat
               | es/illinois/il.htm).
               | 
               | Indiana overall has a firearm injury death rate of 17.3
               | per 100,000 (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/states/in
               | diana/in.htm).
               | 
               | Mississippi (28.6), Louisiana, Wyoming, Missouri, Alabama
               | and Alaska all have rates above 23 per 100,000 (https://w
               | ww.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/firearm_mortality/...).
               | 
               | " _Phillips County, Arkansas, with only 22,000 residents,
               | had the nation's highest homicide rate. Meanwhile, Cook
               | County, Illinois (Chicago), which often captures the
               | media's attention around violence, had the 79th highest
               | gun homicide rate._ " (https://publichealth.jhu.edu/sites
               | /default/files/2022-05/202...)
        
               | lern_too_spel wrote:
               | Gary, the city in Indiana right next to Chicago, is a top
               | contender for murder capital of the US year after year.
               | Chicago never reaches the podium.
               | https://madison.com/news/national/the-30-cities-with-the-
               | hig...
        
             | mmastrac wrote:
             | Libertarianism always falters when it's up against one of
             | the many commons we inhabit with our fellow humans. None of
             | the single-word -ism ideologies work because the world is
             | just too complex for us to reduce to a single way of
             | thinking.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | Libertarians believe (I know that's an impossible
               | statement, they're too heterogeneous) that people should
               | be liable for harm they do to others, so maybe that'd be
               | grounds for a class action.
        
               | scifibestfi wrote:
               | > None of the single-word -ism ideologies work because
               | the world is just too complex for us to reduce to a
               | single way of thinking.
               | 
               | This shouldn't be a controversial comment. How could it
               | even be argued otherwise?
        
           | js2 wrote:
           | The ultra-Orthodox Jews in Rockland are wrong. They just are.
           | I'm Jewish. Judaism places the value of life above all else
           | (Pikuach Nefesh). There's 613 commandments that guide an
           | Orthodox Jew's life and you are commanded to break virtually
           | all of them to preserve life. Vaccines are life preserving.
           | By what interpretation of Judaism they can refuse
           | vaccination, I cannot imagine.
           | 
           | At least that's my understanding of Judaism and how it was
           | taught to me.
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | That's how it was taught to me as well.
             | 
             | For people unfamiliar with the different Jewish movements:
             | Rockland county is overwhelmingly Orthodox, specifically
             | Hasidic. The Hasidim are a _modern_ conservative
             | interpretation of Judaism: it didn 't coalesce until the
             | 18th century.
             | 
             | If I was going to be disparaging, I'd say that their
             | closest Christian analogue is the nakedly revisionist
             | evangelical Christianity of the the American 1970s and
             | forwards.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | > If I was going to be disparaging, I'd say that their
               | closest Christian analogue is the nakedly revisionist
               | evangelical Christianity of the the American 1970s and
               | forwards.
               | 
               | I think the current strain, as far as Biblical
               | interpretation is concerned, goes back to Darby's crappy-
               | but-popular 1909 Bible, incorporating extensive same-page
               | notes from Darby:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scofield_Reference_Bible
               | 
               | The 70s are just when the GOP's plan to sell itself to
               | evangelicals, on social issues, as a deliberate ploy to
               | capture them as a constituency to support the rest of the
               | GOP agenda, really started to take off.
        
               | speeder wrote:
               | Ooooh... I am a non-US christian and been trying to
               | understand certain things, tracked down a lot of origins
               | for some of the more heterodox (in my view) beliefs. But
               | never had heard of this bible, despite SEEING that bible
               | multiple times.
               | 
               | After opening your link and reading more about it a lot
               | of more things make sense and "clicked" into place.
        
               | CSMastermind wrote:
               | > If I was going to be disparaging, I'd say that their
               | closest Christian analogue is the nakedly revisionist
               | evangelical Christianity of the the American 1970s and
               | forwards.
               | 
               | That would be disparaging to the evangelical community.
               | Even if you find modern evangelicals to hold distasteful
               | beliefs, and I personally do, I don't think that's an apt
               | comparison.
               | 
               | A much closer analog would be the radical Mormon cults of
               | southern Utah.
               | 
               | A radical version of a controversial branch of the
               | religion.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | Here's the case I'll make:
               | 
               | The radical Mormon sects, to my understanding (which is
               | limited to Under the Banner of Heaven[1]) have somewhat
               | strong textual justifications for their practices: it's a
               | matter of historical fact that the early Mormons were
               | polygamists, were vitriolic racists, &c.
               | 
               | This is in contrast to both reactionary evangelicals (who
               | do not make up all evangelicals) and Hasidic Jews (who
               | are do not make up the entire Orthodox community), where
               | both groups have largely substituted _contemporary_
               | doctrine (as a conservative religious expression) for
               | historical (and even canonical) interpretations. Compare
               | evangelical interpretations of capitalism (and the
               | "doctrine of wealth") to descriptions of wealth and
               | charity thoughout both the Old and New Testaments.
               | Similarly, Hasidic interpretation to pillars of Jewish
               | doctrine (Pikuach Nefesh, Tikkun Olam).
               | 
               | [1]:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under_the_Banner_of_Heaven
        
               | CSMastermind wrote:
               | That's fair, I think you're looking at it from the
               | perspective of similar belief structure and religious
               | doctrine. I was thinking about community size and
               | distance from the "mainstream" beliefs of those religion,
               | not necessarily the way in which they diverge.
        
             | driverdan wrote:
             | Ultra orthodox is just another term for extremism.
             | Extremists are not rational. Even within something that's
             | irrational like religion they have even more absurdly
             | irrational views.
        
         | CoastalCoder wrote:
         | > Unfortunately, their poor vaccination culture caused Measles
         | to spread to neighboring New York City, and then across the
         | country.
         | 
         | Is it accurate to single out Rockland County?
         | 
         | Maybe my reasoning is too simplistic here, but I'd think NYC
         | was only vulnerable if _they too_ had a poor vaccination
         | culture.
        
           | tialaramex wrote:
           | It's normal to have a few people who can't or shouldn't be
           | vaccinated, as well as some low level of refusal or
           | negligence.
           | 
           | Good coverage means NYC won't have a Polio epidemic, but not
           | that nobody in NYC will get Polio if it has taken hold in
           | adjacent areas.
        
           | myko wrote:
           | > Maybe my reasoning is too simplistic here, but I'd think
           | NYC was only vulnerable if they too had a poor vaccination
           | culture.
           | 
           | Not the case. Vaccines aren't 100% effective. It's possible
           | for an unvaccinated person to infect a vaccinated person.
           | Ideally, everyone is vaccinated, and the risk becomes
           | extremely small.
        
         | danielodievich wrote:
         | During COVID, we podded up with our son's best friend's family,
         | husband and wife are both highly focused specialist doctors.
         | One of them is an allergenist (hopefully I am spelling it
         | right), a very straight up and no-nosnese person and I recall
         | her telling us about a woman who showed up to her office about
         | 9 months ago trying to get an allergenic exemption from vaccine
         | so they could turn it in at work, as she wasn't going to be
         | able to keep the job without it. He refused to provide it,
         | because allergic reaction to the mRNA vaccine is not a thing,
         | and it was doubly so for her.
         | 
         | They're both aghast that people would be refusing proven
         | science. My wife and I share that, although hey, Darwin awards,
         | take yourself out from the pool if you really want to do it.
         | It's just too bad that their behavior impacts us too.
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | *allergist
        
         | 99_00 wrote:
         | People have no living memory of polio. Anyone who has been to
         | or lived in a country with people who have been afflicted with
         | polio would absolutely not have this attitude.
         | 
         | We need better education.
         | 
         | Public is becoming less and less informed.
         | 
         | It's heartbreaking seeing young people afflicted with polio.
         | People who should be running around, having fun, dating, will
         | never experience that. And I'm sure it will continue to impact
         | them as they age.
         | 
         | Makes me sad to thinking about it.
        
           | xkcd-sucks wrote:
           | My father in law, mid Boomer American of rural upbringing,
           | got polio as a child and sustained some muscle weakness which
           | led to him swimming for physical therapy and later becoming a
           | competitive swimmer. It was an interesting conversation to
           | have when COVID was a concern and vaccines were just starting
           | to get deployed
        
           | pirate787 wrote:
           | Interestingly, Republican Senate Leader Mitch McConnell is a
           | childhood polio survivor and fights for eradication funding.
           | 
           | https://rollcall.com/2018/07/10/mcconnell-gets-personal-
           | disc...
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | Typical for republican congressmen, they only care about
             | things that affected them personally. You see the same
             | thing with republicans who suddenly have a child come out
        
             | hotpotamus wrote:
             | Then I hope McConnell gets many more illnesses so that he
             | might fund their eradication.
        
           | Kon-Peki wrote:
           | > People have no living memory of polio.
           | 
           | My grandmother tells the story of the big US polio outbreak
           | when she was a child. Her parents were scared to death, so
           | put her on a train in Indianapolis out to Iowa to live on her
           | grandparent's farm . She talked about multiple towns that the
           | train stopped in and let people disembark, but refused to
           | allow boarding, and looking out the windows at the signs and
           | evidence of widespread fear.
           | 
           | It's not something you would forget, and she is definitely
           | still alive ;)
        
           | woodruffw wrote:
           | I agree that public awareness is declining, but I don't think
           | it's because of a lack of living memory. Almost no Americans
           | have living memory of Ebola, but we all understand that it's
           | very bad.
           | 
           | (I'm still in my mid 20s, and my adult neighbor growing up
           | was paralyzed from the waist down from childhood polio. He
           | was born the year before the Salk vaccine.)
        
           | sterlind wrote:
           | My grandfather was paralyzed from polio, and ultimately died
           | from complications of post-polio syndrome. It's a nasty
           | virus. I have living memory.
        
             | Asparagirl wrote:
             | Mine too! He was a first generation American, born and
             | raised in the Bronx. Caught polio at summer camp, probably
             | in his very early teens.
             | 
             | WAS IN AN IRON LUNG FOR A YEAR. HAD TO LIVE APART FROM HIS
             | FAMILY FOR A LONG TIME. As immigrants working their way up
             | from the sweatshops, and eventually running their own
             | quasi-sweatshop, they could not leave to be with him
             | through years of recuperation.
             | 
             | Recovered. Never ever wanted to talk about what he had been
             | through. My dad didn't even know until he was an older
             | teen.
             | 
             | Post-polio syndrome arrived. No medications available to
             | help, because there was no interest from companies in
             | putting money into developing the medications, because no
             | one was ever going to get polio again, right?
             | 
             | Contributing cause of death.
        
           | danielodievich wrote:
           | I know someone who has been sick with polio for all of her
           | life, she's really old now. Her body is broken, although not
           | completely paralized. That virus is a nasty piece of work.
        
       | junglistguy wrote:
        
       | ugjka wrote:
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | chitowneats wrote:
         | Peak HN comment.
         | 
         | Yes I'm sure this ultra-orthodox community of Hasidic Jews was
         | indoctrinated into anti-vax beliefs on Facebook
         | 
         | /s
        
           | ugjka wrote:
        
             | chitowneats wrote:
             | Funny. The article doesn't mention Latvia at all. Nor does
             | it mention COVID.
        
               | ugjka wrote:
        
               | chitowneats wrote:
               | 92% of Americans are vaccinated for polio by age 2. We
               | are not talking about the same disease nor are we talking
               | about the same vaccines.
               | 
               | Non-vaccination for polio is an extreme position in the
               | U.S., often only held by fundamentalist religious
               | communities.
               | 
               | https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/immunize.htm
        
               | ugjka wrote:
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | ugjka wrote:
        
         | jryan49 wrote:
         | Pretty sure anti-vax sentiment has existed ever since vaccines
         | have...
        
           | ugjka wrote:
           | (blanked)
        
           | kergonath wrote:
           | Yea, it has. Ever since Jenner and Pasteur did it.
        
             | thinkcontext wrote:
             | Earlier. In 1721 in Boston, a bomb was thrown at proponent
             | of smallpox inoculation. There were far earlier methods
             | than that, I assume they too faced witchcraft-like
             | accusations and such.
             | 
             | https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/special-edition-on-
             | infect...
        
       | gregwebs wrote:
       | If you understand the limitations of the two types of vaccines,
       | then these polio stories that pop up are just something that
       | should be expected to happen.
       | 
       | The US vaccinates with the non-live version. This non-live
       | version cannot mutate, but it is non-sterilizing- the vaccinated
       | can still become infected in their gut- the vaccine prevents it
       | from getting into their bloodstream and become poliomyelitis. We
       | now we see this outcome in some articles about Polio showing up
       | in sewage samples in the developed world where this vaccine is
       | given.
       | 
       | So polio is already spreading and the un-vaccinated population in
       | question here is not necessarily increasing the spread of Polio.
       | The tragedy though is that someone is now suffering paralysis
       | from poliomyelitis which would have been less likely to happen if
       | the person were vaccinated.
        
       | yubozhao wrote:
       | I have polio from the vaccination (mid 80s in China). Shitty
       | vaccine then.
       | 
       | The long term affect is not fun. And not to mention post polio
       | syndrome.
        
       | qbasic_forever wrote:
       | What's most concerning IMHO is that this appears to be from
       | community spread with no known recent travel history (polio
       | apparently incubates in 7-21 days so they would have caught it in
       | the last few weeks).
       | 
       | Even more troubling is that they were paralyzed which means they
       | were one of the less than 1% of polio cases that turn into a
       | severe event like being paralyzed. The vast majority of cases are
       | asymptomatic or just give you diarrhea.
       | 
       | How many people could be out in the community and spreading it
       | without anyone knowing?
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | This whole thing is very concerning.
         | 
         | " _According to the New York State Health Department, a person
         | was found to be infected by a vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2
         | (VDPV2), aka revertant polio Sabin type 2 virus._ "
         | 
         | "Vaccine-associated paralytic polio"
         | (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/hcp/vaccine-
         | derived-p...) is "a rare adverse event" following immunization
         | with the Oral Polio Vaccine. "The United States exclusively has
         | used IPV since 2000."
         | 
         | I doesn't seem likely that a "young adult" who hasn't travelled
         | outside the US would be exposed to the OPV. Possibly, from some
         | of the other cases mentioned in the CDC article, someone the
         | young adult interacted with had been exposed to it, though.
         | 
         | The original article doesn't mention if the young adult was
         | immunocompromised, which seems like a requirement for a
         | secondary OPV infection.
        
           | mike_d wrote:
           | The risk of spread from weakened virus is completely
           | eliminated under a proper vaccination program. You go into a
           | community, vaccinate everyone, and you have zero risk.
           | 
           | The fact the patient was unvaccinated was effectively their
           | "immunocompromise" that allowed the virus to spread to them.
        
             | robocat wrote:
             | > zero risk
             | 
             | * if you live on a spherical planet with spherical people
        
               | xyzwave wrote:
               | And cows.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_cow
        
             | makomk wrote:
             | Unfortunately, vaccinating everyone is not actually zero
             | risk. A small proportion of people who recieve the oral
             | polio vaccine develop vaccine-associated paralytic polio
             | which is exactly what it sounds like - full-on paralytic
             | polio caused by receiving the vaccine. It's a rare
             | complication, somewhere around one in a million, but back
             | when polio had been eradicated in most of the world it was
             | the main cause of paralytic polio. So we'd really like to
             | fully eradicate polio and then stop using that vaccine.
             | 
             | This is made harder by another similar but subtly different
             | problem - circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses. They
             | come from the oral vaccine too, but instead of affecting
             | vaccinated people they spread amongst the unvaccinated
             | population and evolve to regain the virulence and high rate
             | of paralyzation of wild polio. It's one of those viruses
             | that was found in New York. This poses a problem for
             | eradicating polio and stopping vaccination, because once
             | you're no longer vaccinating people they can catch and
             | spread the virus from the oral vaccine and it can evolve
             | into something dangerous. The current VDPV problem traces
             | back to an attempt to finally finish eradicating the type 2
             | poliovirus, which no longer exists in its wild form, by
             | removing it from the oral vaccine and stamping out any
             | subsequent VDPV spread. This failed badly.
        
               | oneoff786 wrote:
               | Wikipedia states
               | 
               | > A potential, adverse effect of the OPV is its known
               | ability to recombine to a form that causes neurological
               | infection and paralysis.[27] This genetic reversal of the
               | pathogen to a virulent form takes a considerable time (at
               | least 12 months) and does not affect the person who was
               | originally vaccinated. The vaccine-derived attenuated
               | virus is normally excreted from vaccinated people for a
               | limited period. Thus, in areas with poor sanitation and
               | low vaccination coverage, the spontaneous reversal of the
               | vaccine-derived virus to a virulent form and its
               | spreading in the environment can lead to unvaccinated
               | people becoming infected.
               | 
               | Which boils down to no, you cannot get polio from the
               | polio vaccine but potentially some others could get polio
               | from you for a short period a year later if they're not
               | vaccinated.
        
               | mike_d wrote:
               | One in 200 infections leads to paralysis. So yes it is
               | effectively zero risk compared to non-vaccination.
               | 
               | If you eliminate the unvaccinated population, vaccine-
               | derived infections are a non-issue. Which is how we
               | addressed the problem prior to 1979 - largely due to the
               | fact that everyone saw first had what the virus did and
               | there was no vaccine hesitancy.
               | 
               | But we haven't used weakened virus vaccines for polio in
               | the last 20 years, so it's kinda moot.
        
           | Fomite wrote:
           | This does indeed seem like the unfortunate confluence of
           | being exposed to someone shedding the vaccine-strain and
           | community transmission. Which is exceedingly rare in the
           | U.S., but is entirely foreseeable in low vaccination rate
           | enclaves, which are growing more common.
        
         | joeyh wrote:
         | He did travel, to Poland and Hungary. The AP originally had an
         | article claiming no travel, but later updated it.
         | 
         | Vincent Racaniello covers this and other details, recommended:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-5KGHzHTsI
        
           | qbasic_forever wrote:
           | He didn't travel in the last 30 days I read, and the
           | incubation time is shorter than that. I.e. he caught it after
           | coming home.
           | 
           | Vincent has been a very bad source of information for the
           | COVID pandemic. He has famously been against vaccine
           | boosters, and even declared he didn't think he needed one.
           | Even now as the need for second boosters is clear (and the
           | need for first boosters completely justified and verified) he
           | still says they aren't necessary. This is on top of him
           | downplaying every variant like Omicron and saying they
           | wouldn't be a problem (and then they went on to be huge
           | problems). He should not be platformed IMHO.
        
             | encryptluks2 wrote:
             | The amount of times Fauci has been incorrect, he should be
             | de-platformed according to your logic as well.
        
         | Consultant32452 wrote:
        
           | Fargoan wrote:
           | I don't trust anyone who refers to the COVID vaccines as "the
           | jab"
        
           | mike_d wrote:
           | > https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S02786915
           | 2...
           | 
           | Which has been thoroughly debunked by the scientific
           | community. "Food and Chemical Toxicology" is not a respected
           | journal, and most famously published the "GMO foods cause
           | cancer" paper that ended up being retracted.
           | 
           | Here is a good video on why the author is a quack:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwoRsj7AE7A
        
             | Consultant32452 wrote:
             | The Lancet data shows the same conclusion through different
             | means. Did you have any thoughts on that?
        
               | mike_d wrote:
               | No it doesn't? Maybe you have the wrong link?
               | 
               | The link you provided is just a standard vaccine efficacy
               | over time study using data from Sweden. These are a dime
               | a dozen and all show two things: 1) you are less likely
               | to die when vaccinated, and 2) immune response reduces
               | over time so you need boosters.
        
           | mooman219 wrote:
           | > [Rockland County residents], have some of the lowest
           | vaccination rates in the state; Monsey's is the lowest in the
           | state, at 17.8%, as of June 15, 2021
           | 
           | Rockland County from the article.
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | That's not in the article, a different comment here got it
             | from Wikipedia.
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | _> How many people could be out in the community and spreading
         | it without anyone knowing?_
         | 
         | I wonder whether anyone has checked Rockland county wastewater?
         | This kind of testing recently detected it in London:
         | https://www.science.org/content/article/poliovirus-in-london...
        
           | cies wrote:
        
             | voz_ wrote:
             | Absolutely loony take. How does an engineer get like this?
        
               | bigbillheck wrote:
               | An awful lot of cranks are engineers (electrical seems to
               | be the variety most prone to it).
        
               | NikolaNovak wrote:
               | Some of the most intelligent, knowledgeable, respected-
               | in-their-field distant family members of mine are like
               | that. I've spent decade trying to figure it out, because
               | selfishly it's terrifying and I don't want it happening
               | to me.
               | 
               | One thing that seems to be common and is my working
               | _hypothesis_ , is that they're so smart and so respected
               | in their field (or, in subset of cases, arrogant), that
               | they simply trust themselves more than anybody else.
               | There is nobody in their family and friends who can
               | _truly_ "slap some sense into them"; provide perspective,
               | course-correct, nudge into objective reality or
               | mainstream story, whatever we call it. I've actually
               | asked a couple of them point blank - and they admitted,
               | nope, there's nobody that they trust more than
               | themselves. Couple of them even said - if you don't have
               | trust and faith in yourself, you're weak.
               | 
               | So I'm hoping I'm _somewhat_ inoculated against going off
               | the deep end by having at least 3 people in my life
               | (wife, sister, and one good friend) who can, and _have_ ,
               | slapped some sense into me when I was going off the
               | rails.
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | I'd argue that there is no nobody you should trust more
               | than yourself. This does not mean disregarding expertise
               | or imagining that you know, or can know, everything. But
               | the moment that you grant final primacy over your own
               | thoughts to somebody other than yourself is the moment
               | that that person can make you believe, and consequently
               | act, in nearly any way. And, at scale, that's quite a
               | disconcerting thought.
               | 
               | When people trust themselves above all it means we'll
               | never have a utopia because we all can't help but
               | believing some pretty stupid stuff at times. But at the
               | same time we'll never have an absolute dystopia, because
               | the diversity of thought ensures we'll never all fall off
               | the deep end, or be pushed off it, together.
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | Science, as a discipline, is all about not trusting
               | yourself because you can fool yourself easily if you're
               | not careful.
        
               | GauntletWizard wrote:
               | You shouldn't need someone you trust more than yourself
               | to slap sense into you. You should view someone whom you
               | trust strongly (but less strongly than your own thoughts)
               | arguing _hard_ as an indicator, even if you disagree with
               | them. You should be able to ask  "Why do we disagree",
               | and trace that back to (hopefully) some simple but core
               | value difference, like "I like hotdogs and they like
               | hamburgers".
        
               | jakelazaroff wrote:
               | Your trust in someone also doesn't need to apply equally
               | on all topics. I'm much likelier to trust a virologist
               | over myself about virology than about the best way to
               | cook pasta.
        
               | Swizec wrote:
               | I was reading a book on cognitive biases recently and the
               | part that really stuck for me was: The smarter you are,
               | the more likely you are to fall prey to the Narrative
               | Bias/Fallacy.
               | 
               | Super smart people are so good at constructing plausible
               | narratives that they can convince themselves of almost
               | anything. You have to actively look for ways to disprove
               | your own narratives. This is hard because they sound so
               | plausible.
        
               | pklausler wrote:
               | So smart people don't know when they're wrong because
               | they're smart enough to convince themselves that they're
               | right, and dumb people don't know when they're wrong,
               | because they're too dumb to see how dumb they're being.
               | We can't win.
        
               | Swizec wrote:
               | Yes, I think the lesson to take away is that you want not
               | only to be smart, but also wise and humble. Wise enough
               | to realize you need to poke holes in your ideas, humble
               | enough to fix your hypothesis when facts change.
        
               | pps wrote:
               | > You have to actively look for ways to disprove your own
               | narratives
               | 
               | Socratic Method is one way, I can recommend "The Socratic
               | Method - A Practitioners Handbook" by Ward Farnsworth.
        
               | troutwine wrote:
               | What book was that? I'd be interested in giving it a
               | read.
        
               | Swizec wrote:
               | Looking at my Audible history it was either Think Again
               | by Adam Grant or Super Thinking by Gabriel Weinberg.
               | Can't remember exactly.
        
               | naniwaduni wrote:
               | protip: you can do this without being overwhelmingly
               | smart, too. You need only be smart enough to convince
               | yourself
        
               | NikolaNovak wrote:
               | Perfect; that sounds like exactly what I've observed - in
               | others as well as myself - but I did not have a name, so
               | now I can google better, thx :)
               | 
               | (any recommendations on that specific book?)
        
               | designium wrote:
               | Engineers are just human as others. Engineers is not
               | equal to be rational in other areas of life.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | They're very prone, in my experience, to _believing_ that
               | their explanations are ultra-rational, though, reality be
               | damned. And to falling for arguments with the trappings
               | of rationality, but deeply flawed premises or early steps
               | slyly skipped so the castle 's built on sand but _looks_
               | like a perfect castle with all these crazy-tall minarets
               | reaching for the sky (ahem, like a certain popular-online
               | political  & economic philosophy) and then treating
               | everyone who doesn't agree that the castle's beautiful as
               | irrational, probably-emotion-driven morons.
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | > They're very prone, in my experience, to believing that
               | their explanations are ultra-rational, though, reality be
               | damned.
               | 
               | Like for example, their analyses of "conspiracy
               | theorists" (when what they are actually analyzing is
               | their own incredibly flawed semi-conscious representation
               | of conspiracy theorists). It's quite funny that the world
               | is this way if you think about it deeply, because it
               | could be otherwise.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | How many exchanges building on this before we reach a
               | particularly helpless flavor of solipsism, you think? I'd
               | say about three more posts.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | But many people are not rational in any part of their
               | lives, so irrational arguments are not surprising from
               | them. Some people don't actually know what a rational
               | argument is - it's something that you learn in school,
               | not something that is intuitive. They think that
               | argumentation is when you make the other person shut up,
               | rather than when you make a step by step case to get to a
               | point from a set of agreed upon (at least provisionally)
               | premises. You can recognize these people because they
               | have a tell of repeating the same sentence over and over
               | again to drown out the other person speaking. They're not
               | trying to lay out a convincing case, they're trying to
               | survive. If they trusted you, you could absolutely teach
               | them argumentation and reason.
               | 
               | Engineers _do_ know how to argue rationally, because they
               | have to remember why things work to a pretty intense
               | depth. The question is how people can wall off that
               | ability instead of applying it to other things that are
               | important to them.
               | 
               | Being "human" isn't an explanation, though. That's just
               | saying that humans are frail, and this is a failure,
               | therefore it should be expected from humans.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | And beyond this: engineers, _particularly_ programmers,
               | are _particularly_ susceptible to flawed  "first
               | principles" thinking.
               | 
               | Not every factoid in every field can be derived from a
               | small set of first principles, _particularly_ when that
               | field is primarily empirical in nature.
        
               | rajup wrote:
               | I think this is something barfed up by a GPT-3 model
               | trained on OANN, Fox News and 4chan.
        
               | Aperocky wrote:
               | It's some interesting psychology.
               | 
               | I've had discussion with a guy in lab of a top university
               | and they believed 911 was an inside job. steel beams and
               | all that.
               | 
               | It doesn't seem to correlate to technical ability, there
               | are something in psychology that draws a certain type of
               | people towards conspiracy and in which they go into a
               | mental state where normal explanations are removed from
               | their logic and they go seek outlandish explanations or
               | slightly hard to explain things and turn a twist into it.
               | I don't understand why but I think a pretty decent amount
               | of people subscribe to this kind of thinking.
               | 
               | Neurology researchers here, please give us answers.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | > they believed 911 was an inside job. steel beams and
               | all that.
               | 
               | 911 is definietly a conspiracy. A bunch of telecom
               | engineers acting in unison with dispatchers and first
               | responders. There is no other explanation how else
               | police/emt/fire brigade shows up when you dial that
               | number and tell them about an emergency. But what it has
               | to do with steel beams I don't know. \s
               | 
               | Joking aside: I have noticed that sometimes when I
               | preceive that everyone around me thinks X i feel an urge
               | to think the opposite of it. I only had mild and
               | inconsequential cases of this (opinion about shows,
               | products, etc), but I can imagine that this type of
               | contraryness in edge cases can convince people that
               | everyone is wrong about some important historical event.
               | And it seems once they convinced themselves their belief
               | is stable enough to make them stick with it.
               | 
               | Obviously hating Game of Thrones when everyone was raving
               | about it feels very different from subscribing to
               | conspiracy theories, but maybe the phenomena is similar,
               | just one latches on to a different subject?
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | Hating Game of Thrones is perfectly justified. :-)
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | Funny that _that 's_ the conspiracy you reach for to make
               | the joke. Not the one where people planned in secret to
               | send people to the United States to learn how to fly
               | airplanes so that they could hijack commercial airlines
               | and commit suicide attacks.
        
               | Fnoord wrote:
               | > Joking aside
               | 
               | Good thing you mention or I fell for it (that you meant
               | it seriously, not that I believed in the conspiracy).
               | Poe's law in effect.
               | 
               | But that's the thing. People who believe in conspiracies
               | are susceptible to them. For example, they could've lost
               | their trust in society, or smoke a lot of pot, or have a
               | friend or two who are into it. Very much like a cult.
               | 
               | And I am saying that as person who was into conspiracies,
               | who lost faith in society, who used drugs (psychedelics,
               | mostly), and had a severe psychosis (not at all related
               | to the previously mentioned though but stress from
               | another factor).
        
               | galangalalgol wrote:
               | Not a neurology researcher, but always seems to be people
               | with really good pattern recognition intell. They connect
               | dots well, blessing and curse etc.
        
               | pintxo wrote:
               | I'd say they may connect dots quickly, but not
               | necessarily well.
        
               | rjbwork wrote:
               | Indeed. As someone with experience of extreme manic
               | psychosis, it is the pattern recognition/dot connection
               | algorithm kicked into absolute overdrive. Spurious
               | correlation abounds when afflicted with such a condition.
               | 
               | Thankfully my experience was acute and triggered by
               | drugs, so a few years of anti-psychotics and refraining
               | from anything other than cannabis and alcohol in
               | moderation have let me stop taking the anti-psychotics
               | and at worst I experience cyclothymia, which I've decided
               | to just live with and not medicate.
        
               | bredren wrote:
               | This sounds like ~the plot of the film Pi.
        
               | overrun11 wrote:
               | Was their argument rigorous or obviously irrational? On
               | the spectrum of plausibility from lizard people to JFK,
               | 9/11 doesn't strike me as especially delusional. I
               | believe we sometimes don't differentiate well enough
               | between abnormally suspicious people that act rationally
               | from the clearly deranged. Non-consensus views could be a
               | sign of either but a failure mode a different set of
               | smart people have is to write off anything non-consensus
               | merely because it's low status.
        
               | birdyrooster wrote:
               | steel beams don't melt jet fuel
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | > How does an engineer get like this?
               | 
               | There's nothing special about engineers that makes them
               | less prone to human weaknesses. I had a (software)
               | engineer colleague who believed in overunity energy, and
               | was so into it they traveled to paid conferences.
        
             | fifafu wrote:
             | Oh my.
             | 
             | Stefan Lanka could keep his money due to a formality. The
             | judges even said that it was clearly proven the measle
             | virus exists.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | Also no legitimate method of inquiry works by someone
               | saying "I'll give you a reward if you prove me wrong!"
               | and then having that promise of reward settled in court.
        
             | rgrieselhuber wrote:
             | > (I'm going to take a lot of karma damage for this, but i
             | believe it has to be said)
             | 
             | I don't think you have anything to worry about, HN is well-
             | known to be highly tolerant of a variety and even
             | dissenting opinions.
        
             | Induane wrote:
             | HN is generally okay with dissenting viewpoints.
             | 
             | I didn't know scurvy was considered contagious; that's
             | pretty cool. I did know people used to cure it by drinking
             | tea made from Arborvitae trees - or at least its European
             | counterpart (I think they have the same common name).
             | 
             | I find the stance a little baffling though; if Measles
             | isn't a virus, why can it's spread by halted by
             | vaccination? Aside from the general usage and success
             | thereof, sometimes it's easy to wonder just because the
             | major outbreaks in the US happened a fairly long time ago.
             | But a couple years back I had a coworker from Nigeria - I
             | guess they still have outbreaks there?... anyway he
             | scrambled to help get them money for MMR vaccines (I don't
             | know if they're usually free via the WHO but supply wasn't
             | abundant so - I guess bribes are a thing there moreso than
             | here). And lo-and-behold none of his family got sick at
             | all, but most of their smaller town did -- including their
             | neighbors; a few had persistent physical problems (I don't
             | recall what now) and a few people died. That's anecdotal,
             | but goes very well with existing evidence and provides a
             | nice microcosm for observation.
             | 
             | The MMR vaccine isn't a nutrient cocktail and I find it
             | quite hard to conjure a Occam's razor explanation that
             | doesn't involve a known virus (or maybe I severely lack
             | imagination or am too tainted by existing knowledge). To
             | make the vaccines (at least ones like the MMR vaccine) they
             | culture viruses - letting them replicate in cells - and
             | then weakening or killing them. Do the vaccines just happen
             | to have a weakened form of a virus that _doesn 't_ cause
             | Measles and it's protective quality merely a startling
             | coincidence?
             | 
             | I mean, the virus can be viewed under a microscope
             | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC375751/ - if
             | that isn't responsible for the preventative effects of the
             | vaccine, then what actually is?
             | 
             | Sometimes science gets used badly and misconceptions abound
             | or bad routes are taken for a while until they prove
             | untenable; sometimes prevailing wisdom lasts a thousand
             | years and then a Copernican revolution happens. They tend
             | to be most useful to question though when there is a better
             | alternative explanation that better fits the observations
             | than the current prevailing wisdom.
             | 
             | Anyone can "question" anything - but what is the better
             | fitting explanation exists for observations about Measles
             | than the prevalent wisdom and evidence that it is a virus?
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | > I find the stance a little baffling though; if Measles
               | isn't a virus, why can it's spread by halted by
               | vaccination?
               | 
               | I mean surely anyone making the first claim would also
               | make the claim that the measles vaccine is bogus. That
               | second claim is already infamously popular enough in
               | areas of the U.S. that there have been measles outbreaks
               | among unvaccinated children.
        
               | twawaaay wrote:
               | > HN is generally okay with dissenting viewpoints.
               | 
               | No, it is not. HN is for more or less like-minded people
               | and if you stay too far from the beaten path you risk the
               | ire of moderators regardless of whether you are right or
               | not.
               | 
               | Apparently this is the price of keeping it civilised.
        
               | mike_d wrote:
               | The abundance of straight up looney anti-vaxx stuff that
               | ends up in the HN comments proves this is not true.
        
             | dougmwne wrote:
             | Wow, that's quite a take. How do you explain the
             | effectiveness of measles and polio vaccines if they were
             | not viral illnesses?
        
               | Jwarder wrote:
               | I don't want to put works in cies's mouth, but it
               | possible to read the comment in a reasonable way. It is
               | not necessarily a claim that polio isn't real, but rather
               | that patient's signs and symptoms can overlap with other
               | medical issues. Stefan Lanka doesn't pass my sniff test,
               | but reference to him and to test contamination can be
               | read as examples that these sorts of tests are not always
               | clear.
        
             | colineartheta wrote:
             | I just want to clarify for my own understanding - are you
             | making an argument that this individual, that has been
             | tested for and is known to have the polio virus in their
             | body (one of the most widely understood viral infections we
             | have), is actually not afflicted with polio because...the
             | symptoms are comparable to other, potentially unknown,
             | diseases or causes?
             | 
             | Additionally, are you claiming that virologists, an area of
             | study that has proven, repeatedly (through the very
             | apparent efficacy of countless vaccines for diseases that
             | ravaged humanity for millennia) to be one of the most
             | remarkably successful scientific endeavors in human
             | history, is somehow...not scientifically rigorous?
             | 
             | (I'm going to take a lot of karma damage for this, but I
             | believe it has to be said)
        
               | scifibestfi wrote:
               | I would have completely agreed with this until Covid,
               | when many (not all) virologists completely threw
               | scientific rigor out the window. It will take generations
               | to rebuild the trust they burned.
        
               | erulabs wrote:
               | I would be cautious of making group generalizations like
               | that. If a couple idiots who call themselves physicists
               | publish a terrible paper -- that doesn't indict _all of
               | psychics_. Covid made every amateur virologist and wanna-
               | be-scientist come out of the woodwork. Don 't throw the
               | baby out with the bathwater!
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | Why would a terrible paper by physicists indict all of
               | psychics?
        
               | chihuahua wrote:
               | because of autocorrect
        
               | lurquer wrote:
               | (Meanwhile, on other threads, there are discussions about
               | the lamentable fraud that may have tainted
               | Alzheimer/"brain plaque" research for the past 20 years,
               | another thread about recent studies showing seratonin may
               | have squat to do with depression, and you can always
               | count on occasional thread regarding the Theranos debacle
               | that deluded some very educated people. Greater harm, it
               | seems, comes from lack of skepticism than too much of
               | it.)
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | colineartheta wrote:
               | I have followed that thread, and the Alzeimer "story"
               | with great interest over the couple years I've been aware
               | of it - in no way was my comment above meant to be a
               | reflection on the possibility of a "taint" or lack-of
               | scientific rigor (to bring in another example - the lack
               | of repeatability in, oh, nearly every(?) social
               | psychology experiment, etc. etc.) in the scientific and
               | medical-science fields. The rise in administration at
               | academic levels at the expense of science, the growing
               | discontent in scientific funding being tied to results
               | rather than curiousity, all very important - and very
               | important to keep a skeptical mind about it all!
               | Absolutely, that, to me, is the core of the scientific
               | excercise.
               | 
               | I only meant that, in this particular case of polio
               | detection, the cause and origin of the case is fairly
               | cut-and-dry (there are other articles that have been
               | published about it that give additional information), and
               | introducing skepticism of the manner I responded to
               | initially is likely to do more harm than good.
               | Disinformation often begins with a distortion of a grain
               | of truth, and the effects of that public skepticism and,
               | dare I say it, ignorance (ironically?) breeds the
               | environment that causes the reemergence of, for example,
               | polio, amongst a public that is just being "skeptical" of
               | vaccines.
        
               | lurquer wrote:
               | I hear you.
               | 
               | In regard to Polio vaccines, there is some head-
               | scratching to be done if you go down that rabbit-hole.
               | It's all ancient history now, but the numbers of polio
               | cases was dropping even before the vaccine roll-out. I
               | don't know enough about it to comment beyond that. But, I
               | do know human nature: polio outbreaks were terrifying to
               | parents, and there would be every reason not to be a bit
               | skeptical when a solution to the problem was found...
               | that is, it wasn't a time for clear thinking in the midst
               | of the panic. It's precisely times like that when people
               | are prone to overlook things.
               | 
               | For instance, imagine the chaos that could ensue if a
               | disease that was overwhelmingly trivial and asymptomatic
               | was advertised as possibly being 10 or 20 percent lethal?
               | Heck, I bet folks would be so scared that they'd shut
               | down entire countries, weld people into their apartments,
               | gulp down horse de-wormer, mandate experimental drugs,
               | etc. Of course, I exaggerate. I doubt something like that
               | could happen in modern times. But, if it did, the
               | skeptics back when it was going on and even after the
               | panic had died down, would most likely be pilloried and
               | accused of being unthinking idiots. Just saying.
        
               | nemothekid wrote:
               | There's a super strange trend I've been seeing, since
               | COVID, where science is no longer allowed to be wrong.
               | Even though the very discipline is about making
               | hypothesis and proving them wrong; I'm seeing a lot of
               | arguments that kind of boil down to "Science is a liar
               | sometimes"[1].
               | 
               | Do you have the same opinion on particle physics?
               | Scientists have spent the better part of 80 years on an
               | obviously wrong standard model - has that caused you to
               | doubt Maxwell's equations or how the circuits in your
               | computer works?
               | 
               | More seriously, "lack of skepticism" is bunk when the
               | "skeptics" don't provide equal or greater research and
               | reasoning. People have started to think of themselves as
               | nobel laureates because they can say "no, I don't think
               | so", and have 0 data to back them up.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3Ak-SmyHHQ
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Except unlike that Alzheimers research, vaccines work.
               | They often work _astonishingly_ well. If you want to
               | pretend viruses don 't exist, you need to provide
               | alternative reasons for why these vaccines work so well,
               | and especially now that we have shown mRNA vaccines work,
               | this alternative explanation also has to work in cases
               | where only a tiny subset of that virus exists in the
               | vaccine.
               | 
               | Quite simply, not understanding something, or not liking
               | the consequences of it, is not skepticism, it's
               | ignorance. Skepticism requires having good reasons to
               | reject good models/research/outcomes etc. In the
               | Alzheimers case, the reason for skepticism, which many
               | people in the field had, was difficulty reproducing
               | results, and lack of positive outcomes from therapies
               | using that working hypothesis.
               | 
               | Blind skepticism makes you beyond stupid, and eventually
               | turns you into an idiot who watches Alex Jones and thinks
               | your own son is a crisis actor
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | stjohnswarts wrote:
         | surely they are testing sewage to see if there is more of the
         | polio virus in the drainage. I thought the CDC had started
         | using that a lot more often. On the left you have nuts who
         | think vaccines are unnatural and therefore awful, and on the
         | right you have nuts who say the government is injecting nanites
         | for 5G mind control. It's a crazy world out there.
        
           | azinman2 wrote:
           | I'd like to see a strong new center.
        
       | wesleywt wrote:
       | It will be interesting to see what happens to the vaccine
       | sceptics when this comes back. And it will come back.
        
       | mmastrac wrote:
       | The saddest anti-science movement in the 2000s is the mass anti-
       | vaccine movement. So much progress lost by Wakefield's nutjob
       | paper that spawned the mass movement we see today.
       | 
       | I hope we'll look back at this period 100 years from now and just
       | shake our heads, and hope that it's not an ongoing concern then.
        
         | makomk wrote:
         | The anti-vaccine movement is a problem but they're not really
         | the big problem this time. Basically, the global effort to
         | eradicate polio failed catastropically due to a major flaw in
         | the strategy devised by the WHO and all the other groups
         | involved in it, this directly caused a wave of new polio cases
         | that is now starting to reach the western world, and no-one has
         | figured out a way to fix it:
         | https://www.science.org/content/article/polio-eradication-pr...
         | (Notice also the date on that article: two and a half years
         | ago. It took a while for this to spread out of Africa and I
         | certainly didn't anticipate at the time how likely this was.)
        
         | macintux wrote:
        
           | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
           | If there's anything the CIA is good at, it's fucking things
           | up. These are the nutjobs that came up with operation
           | Northwoods and actually implemented many other of their
           | stupid ideas.
        
           | js2 wrote:
           | They absolutely should not have done that, but it has nothing
           | to do with the anti-vaccine stance in the U.S., and even in
           | Pakistan:
           | 
           | > "'The CIA is not exclusively responsible for the problems
           | we have in getting children vaccinated but it certainly
           | didn't make it anything easier,' says Anthony Robbins, the
           | co-editor of the Journal of Public Health Policy. Robbins
           | wrote an editorial denouncing the CIA use of fake vaccination
           | programs back in August of 2012. Even before bin Laden was
           | killed in 2011, the Taliban had banned polio immunization in
           | the parts of Pakistan it controls. The Taliban claimed the
           | polio drops sterilize Pakistani children and vaccinators were
           | American spies.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | Clandestine activity in Pakistan has nothing to do with
           | nutters in Rockland County.
        
             | ars wrote:
             | This is an infection with VDPV2 - VDPV2 is not used in
             | Rockland County, but it is used Pakistan. This infection
             | came from Pakistan or Afghanistan.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | VDPV2 has also been in W Africa, are you in possession of
               | all Jews' travel history worldwide? (VDPV was also in
               | London and China where I hear Jews even dare to dwell let
               | alone travel) I suspect ADL or Mossad would like to speak
               | to you if you are...
        
             | macintux wrote:
             | But it does have to do with our inability to wipe out polio
             | forever.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | cies wrote:
         | If you are right, the problem will fix itself. So just relax
         | (unless you still believe in herd immunity: i certainly do not
         | after the crappy C19 vaccines)
        
           | epakai wrote:
           | Doesn't make sense. We already had non-herd immunity
           | producing vaccines for flu. That covid vaccines produce the
           | same outcome isn't a particularly special case. It's not even
           | that complex to understand the WHY they don't produce herd
           | immunity.
           | 
           | I can understand being frustrated because herd immunity was
           | touted as a possible benefit of mass covid vaccination, but
           | that has nothing to do with whether it exists in general.
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | The flu is a couple dozen different strains of influenza.
             | The yearly shot is only for around 2-4 of those viruses
             | that are expected to be most prevalent. "Bad flu years" are
             | when they got it wrong.
        
           | wrycoder wrote:
           | The polio vaccine is a sterilizing vaccine that completely
           | protects against infection
           | 
           | The SARS2 mRNA vaccines don't even protect against infection,
           | especially for Omicron variants.
           | 
           | You may want to reconsider your opinion.
        
             | okaram wrote:
             | They _do_ protect against infection, even against Omicron
             | variants.
             | 
             | The protection goes down over time, and it is less for many
             | of the variants, but it is way greater than 0.
        
               | wrycoder wrote:
               | Not for the recent variants.
               | 
               | But, it is still claimed that they greatly reduce severe
               | infection.
        
             | stjohnswarts wrote:
             | Not really, they take your chances down to dying from it by
             | a factor of 10 fold. The vaccine is a success. Covid-19 is
             | a much more unstable and mutable virus than polio so it
             | changes so quickly we may always be just a couple steps
             | behind, luckily the human immune system is also ready for
             | such viruses for the most part after being primed by the
             | vaccines. The antivax crowd turn their back on science and
             | turn to mysticism and demagogues for their answers.
        
               | wrycoder wrote:
               | Yeah, I'm vaxxed.
               | 
               | The point I'm trying to make is that there's a wide range
               | of vaccine efficacy. Current vaccines against BA4/5, very
               | poor.
               | 
               | Now, my question is, since the current mRNA vaccine is
               | causing our body to create old spike protein, and BA4/5
               | almost completely evades the resulting antibodies, what's
               | the mechanism that reduces severe disease from BA4/5?
        
         | tlogan wrote:
        
           | phailhaus wrote:
           | Surgical masks do reduce the spread of COVID-19, and even
           | cloth masks reduce symptoms of respiratory illness. [1]
           | During an emergency, we have to act. It's absurd to expect
           | that we should wait for a huge study to confirm what we we
           | already know about respiratory viruses in general. In a low-
           | info environment, the prior is clearly to favor mask
           | mandates. And it turns out, it was the right call!
           | 
           | [1] "Surgical masks reduce COVID-19 spread, large-scale study
           | shows" https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-
           | news/2021/09/surgical-mask...
        
             | wrycoder wrote:
             | I'd like to second timr's remarks on that study. I've read
             | the whole thing twice, and I found it to be low quality and
             | tendentious: they didn't even fairly present the results
             | they did have.
             | 
             | It may be that the "surgical" masks they used, while not
             | N95, had an electret layer. That would make them a lot
             | better than the "procedure" masks commonly worn in the US
             | against COVID.
        
             | timr wrote:
             | Let's be clear on the limits of the study you're quoting --
             | the _total effect size_ was a tiny, tiny fraction a percent
             | for the surgical mask arm (.09%), and barely reached a
             | reasonable level of statistical significance (p=0.043).
             | There was no statistically significant effect size for
             | cloth masks.
             | 
             | No matter how you look at this study -- _if you actually
             | read it [1], and don 't just read press releases_ -- it was
             | not a strong result. Moreover, after the raw data for the
             | study was released, there were a number of legitimate
             | critiques that call into question the primary result. For
             | example, this one [2]:
             | 
             | > In this short note we re-analyze the data from this trial
             | using standard non-parametric paired statistics tests on
             | treatment/village pairs. With this approach, we find that
             | behavioral outcomes like physical distancing are highly
             | significant, while the primary outcome of the study is not.
             | Importantly, we find that the behavior of unblinded staff
             | when enrolling study participants is one of the most highly
             | significant differences between treatment and control
             | groups, contributing to a significant imbalance in
             | denominators between treatment and control groups.
             | 
             | Even if we accept the claims of the original paper at face
             | value, the fact that you're citing this study as some kind
             | of definitive rebuttal is, deeply ironically, a perfect
             | example of the OP's critique: the highest quality evidence
             | for mask mandates is simply and objectively weak, but most
             | casual observers believe the opposite to be true.
             | 
             | Public health has exaggerated (or outright lied about)
             | evidence quality throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. Is that
             | the reason for this Polio event? Likely not, but if we're
             | casting about for secondary or tertiary reasons, a drop in
             | trust in public health due to their own trivially falsified
             | propaganda wouldn't be the worst place to start.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.poverty-
             | action.org/sites/default/files/publicati...
             | 
             | [2] https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.01296
        
             | surement wrote:
             | Do you have evidence that asymptomatic people are even
             | contagious? At the start of the pandemic there was a Pew
             | survey that showed that 10% of people who _know_ they have
             | covid would still go to work. I think stuff like that
             | explains the spread a lot more than lack of masking by non-
             | sick individuals. Not everyone can afford to quarantine.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | 18 Nov 2020 " _Research early in the pandemic suggested
               | that the rate of asymptomatic infections could be as high
               | as 81%. But a meta-analysis published last month1, which
               | included 13 studies involving 21,708 people, calculated
               | the rate of asymptomatic presentation to be 17%. ...
               | Byambasuren's review also found that asymptomatic
               | individuals were 42% less likely to transmit the virus
               | than symptomatic people._ "
               | (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03141-3)
               | 
               | 7 Jan 2021 " _The baseline assumptions for the model were
               | that peak infectiousness occurred at the median of
               | symptom onset and that 30% of individuals with infection
               | never develop symptoms and are 75% as infectious as those
               | who do develop symptoms. Combined, these baseline
               | assumptions imply that persons with infection who never
               | develop symptoms may account for approximately 24% of all
               | transmission._ " (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamane
               | tworkopen/fullarticle...)
        
           | chimeracoder wrote:
           | > They still (to this day) did not acknowledge that vaccines
           | and mask mandates do not limit spread of COVID.
           | 
           | They don't "acknowledge" that because it is not a true
           | statement. Masks _do_ limit spread of COVID-19. So do
           | vaccines. Neither one prevents it completely, but that 's
           | different from "do not limit spread", and at no point was
           | there either scientific or public health consensus that
           | either one would completely prevent spread.
           | 
           | > Yes - at very beging the assumtion was that vaccines will
           | limit COVID spread but that is not true any more for BA
           | variants
           | 
           | Vaccines still do limit COVID-19 spread, even for the latest
           | variants. They do not prevent it entirely, and for the latest
           | variants, they are more effective against preventing illness
           | or serious illness than against infection (an important
           | clinical distinction), but that's still a huge deal, and it
           | limits spread by reducing duration of illness (infectiousness
           | window) or virus particles produced (the degree of
           | infectiousness).
           | 
           | > In short, mandates should be imposed only if science is
           | 100% clear.
           | 
           | This is another way of saying that you categorically oppose
           | all mandates. Science is never "100% clear", ever.
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | How do masks not help curb the spread of a virus? Do you have
           | any supporting literature on that matter?
        
             | wrycoder wrote:
             | Properly fitted N95s help a lot. Procedure masks, which are
             | the type normally worn against COVID, do very little,
             | especially since they are usually worn incorrectly. Other
             | cloth masks do less than nothing, because they provide a
             | false sense of security.
             | 
             | As you know, virus particles are too small to be stopped by
             | the openings in the mask (which allow you to breathe). They
             | are airborne, like smoke.
             | 
             | N95 masks have an electret layer which is made by blow
             | molding fiber against a charged target. The result is
             | charge embedded in the fibers. The charged fibers attract
             | and hold the virus particles.
             | 
             | It would be possible to add an electret layer to a surgical
             | mask, but it seems that this isn't generally done, probably
             | because they fit so poorly. Maybe someone here could speak
             | to that.
             | 
             | Look at N95 on Wikipedia. The EU has required N95 on
             | transportation for some time.
             | 
             | The Bangladeshi study mentioned in this thread might have
             | used something like that (it isn't clear from the paper and
             | the promised paper on what kind of surgical mask they used
             | hasn't appeared yet).
             | 
             | Bottom line: the masks commonly used in the US over the
             | past two years do virtually nothing, unless someone is
             | coughing. How many coughing people have you seen in panic
             | lately?
        
             | soco wrote:
             | There's for sure some youtube account which is taken as
             | definitive and sufficient proof by some.
        
             | SnowProblem wrote:
             | It's far from perfect, but I believe this to be the best
             | RCT we have on masks out of Bangladesh:
             | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abi9069
             | 
             |  _We found clear evidence that surgical masks are effective
             | in reducing symptomatic seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2.
             | Although cloth masks clearly reduce symptoms, we find less
             | clear evidence of their impact on symptomatic SARS-CoV-2
             | infections, with the statistical significance depending on
             | whether we impute missing values for nonconsenting adults._
             | 
             | I don't believe we have any good studies out of the US or
             | Europe. There's a discussion about this and more on the
             | Econ Talk podcast this week:
             | https://www.econtalk.org/vinay-prasad-on-the-pandemic/
        
               | wrycoder wrote:
               | See my remarks:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32195416
        
             | overrun11 wrote:
             | I've seen this: https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.01296 but I'm
             | not qualified to really interpret it
        
           | bobbyasdfasdf7 wrote:
        
       | dark-star wrote:
       | Tangentially related: this doctoral thesis a friend of mine
       | published 15 years ago:
       | 
       | https://publikationen.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/handle/10900/45...
       | 
       | (sadly it's only available in German)
       | 
       | Eradicating polio is harder than it seems
        
       | PenelopeHopkins wrote:
       | Wow, the author really went out of their way to avoid saying why
       | this is happening repeatedly in Rockland County.
       | 
       | > The Orthodox Jewish community, the largest in the country, have
       | some of the lowest vaccination rates in the state; Monsey's is
       | the lowest in the state, at 17.8%, as of June 15, 2021
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockland_County,_New_York#Heal...
        
         | lelandfe wrote:
         | I lived in a Brooklyn neighborhood densely populated by Hasidim
         | for years and this is unfortunately not the first time
         | something like this has happened.[0] The highly insular
         | community means misinformation is hard to combat. This quote is
         | pertinent:
         | 
         | > _"Being a religious Jew, you also get used to having a
         | minority viewpoint," said Alexander Rapaport, the CEO of the
         | Masbia Soup Kitchen Network in Brooklyn, and a public face of
         | the Hasidic community. "So if something is not mainstream, it
         | doesn't take you away from believing it."_
         | 
         | [0] https://www.vox.com/science-and-
         | health/2018/11/9/18068036/me...
        
           | hunterb123 wrote:
           | Why are you just focusing on a specific Jewish community and
           | not all measles outbreaks?
           | 
           | Like the many many many outbreaks in Portland.
           | 
           | Washington and Oregon always get ignored and _certain people_
           | only bring up Orthodox Jewish communities in New York.
        
             | Asparagirl wrote:
             | Oh, _certain people_ , like those of us who are sick of the
             | _repeated_ behavior of our co-religionists from this exact
             | same community? The minute I read this polio outbreak was
             | in Rockland county, my heart sank. Everyone knew what that
             | likely meant.
             | 
             | A frum friend of mine told me today that the rumor is an
             | Israeli kid, vaccinated with the live polio vaccine, had
             | just moved into the community and was the likely carrier,
             | and will likely be blamed, completely unfairly -- instead
             | of the _fact_ that Hasids in Monsey have a ghastly problem
             | with under-vaccination and non-vaccination.
             | 
             | Yeah, there's a very good reason that people bring up this
             | same community every time there's a _preventable_ disease
             | outbreak.
        
               | hunterb123 wrote:
               | Yes certain people like you and others on this forum.
               | 
               | One case of polio hits the news and the _Orthodox_ Jews
               | have to go.
               | 
               | Nevermind the other cases or overall stats, the
               | _Orthodox_ Jews are the problem.
        
               | Asparagirl wrote:
               | Guess what? Sometimes they are! The issue here isn't
               | kashrut, niddah, or the eternal shidduch crisis. The
               | issue isn't really about _Orthodoxy_ at all.
               | 
               | The issue is that this exact group of people _don't
               | vaccinate or else under-vaccinate_ , in ways that are
               | unlike every other community around them, in ways that
               | continually cause outbreaks of diseases that are
               | completely preventable, in ways that absolutely show up
               | in the national data.
               | 
               | Sorry-not-sorry if that hurts your feelings, bubbeleh.
        
               | khazhoux wrote:
               | > One case of polio hits the news and the Orthodox Jews
               | have to go.
               | 
               | Who is suggesting anyone "has to go" anywhere? In your
               | other comment you suggested that people here want to do
               | round-ups.
               | 
               | Is it not OK for people here to say that a community's
               | refusal to vaccinate will lead to predictable results?
        
             | lelandfe wrote:
             | I'm bringing up a specific community because it's one that
             | I lived in, know about, and is the subject of this post.
             | 
             | I don't know anything about the problems faced by those
             | communities you named.
        
             | atwood22 wrote:
             | Because the orthodox Jewish community is a constant source
             | of outbreaks in the area. In 2019, there was a measles
             | outbreak, in 2020, a number of COVID outbreaks, and now
             | polio. No one is claiming that this community is the only
             | to have a disease outbreak, but if there is an outbreak of
             | a preventable disease in Rockland County, then it's most
             | likely coming from Monsey.
        
               | hunterb123 wrote:
               | What would you like to be done about it? Round them up
               | and force inject them?
               | 
               | Would you like to do the same for the Oregon / Washington
               | hippies that cause outbreaks?
               | 
               | Do you know the overall stats? Because if you did you'd
               | see that Orthodox Jews have caused a small minority of
               | these outbreaks.
               | 
               | - edit @natabHobowitz -
               | 
               | How is that slander? It's a question. What _action_ would
               | you like to take against this community?
               | 
               | Also you didn't answer my other question or provide any
               | stats to back up that Orthodox Jews are the main problem
               | for overall outbreaks.
        
               | oneoff786 wrote:
               | You're the only one saying anything about taking action,
               | so no, nobody's interested in your shitty bait.
               | 
               | Here's one study:
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23113481/
               | 
               | > From June 28, 2009, through June 27, 2010, a total of
               | 3502 outbreak-related cases of mumps were reported in New
               | York City, two upstate New York counties, and one New
               | Jersey county. Of the 1648 cases for which clinical
               | specimens were available, 50% were laboratory-confirmed.
               | Orthodox Jewish persons accounted for 97% of case
               | patients.
        
               | natabHobowitz wrote:
        
               | natabHobowitz2 wrote:
        
             | Sparkle-san wrote:
             | Because they're not comparable. 75% of the measles cases in
             | 2019 (which was the worst measles year since 1992) were
             | associated with the Orthodox communities in NY[1]. Oregon
             | and Washington do have higher prevalence due somewhat lower
             | vaccination rates in specific counties but they lack the
             | same clustering and congregating that is found in the
             | Orthodox communities.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6840e2.htm
        
         | Frost1x wrote:
         | Whats the vaccination rate for polio outside of this area? I
         | suspect it's quite low, it's not in the standard vaccine series
         | for most in the US to my knowledge due to low risk now. Outside
         | of some older people and immigrants, I think many aren't
         | vaccinated for polio.
        
           | LodeOfCode wrote:
           | 92.6% of children by age 24 months
           | 
           | https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/immunize.htm
        
           | bluedevil2k wrote:
           | All my kids got the vaccine and I even got a booster before I
           | went to Israel.
        
           | NoNotTheDuo wrote:
           | It's in the standard schedule for kids:
           | https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-
           | adolesc...
           | 
           | They get 3 doses before they turn 15 months old, in fact.
        
           | rco8786 wrote:
           | > it's not in the standard vaccine series for most in the US
           | 
           | It absolutely is. It's low risk because everyone is
           | vaccinated.
        
           | kenny11 wrote:
           | The inactivated virus variant of the polio vaccine is still
           | in the standard childhood immunization schedule in the US:
           | 
           | https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-
           | adolesc...
        
           | henryfjordan wrote:
           | You might be thinking of the smallpox vaccine.
        
             | jefftk wrote:
             | Or the oral (active) polio vaccine?
        
             | Frost1x wrote:
             | Bingo, whoops. Not sure why I mixed up polio and smallpox
             | but you nailed it.
        
               | henryfjordan wrote:
               | When I saw the article I thought exactly the same thing.
               | I had to check the Kaiser app, but apparently I have had
               | 4 polio shots as a child.
               | 
               | I don't have the smallpox vaccine though. I know my mom
               | has a big scar on the inside of her arm from that one, so
               | I am pretty sure they've phased that one out.
        
           | evanmoran wrote:
           | I just confirmed both my kids have the polio vaccines from
           | the standard set given to kids. The polio vaccine is called
           | IPV (inactivated poliovirus) and usually comes in a bundle
           | branded as PENTACEL which is "a 5-in-1 combination vaccine
           | that protects against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough,
           | polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type B".
        
         | MomoXenosaga wrote:
         | Even in my country, where we generally despise religious
         | conservatives, orthodox Jewish community is rarely criticized.
         | 
         | I understand the historical reasons of course but it is not
         | helpful. All must be uplifted from darkness.
        
         | ars wrote:
        
           | rco8786 wrote:
           | This neighborhood was notorious for its measles outbreaks
           | before covid also. It's not disgusting, it's just very
           | obviously a concentrated group of people that generally
           | refuse vaccinations.
        
           | nkozyra wrote:
           | It is a relatively common stance in the ultra-orthodox
           | community and it was not unusual for me to see families
           | bringing their kids to playgrounds in Brooklyn with active
           | measles infections.
        
             | hunterb123 wrote:
             | Pretty sure most the measles outbreaks I've heard of were
             | in Oregon.
             | 
             | But you've _personally seen_ Jews with measles in your
             | anecdote so I guess it 's all the Jews fault...
        
           | rjbwork wrote:
           | How is it disgusting? Because they mentioned Jews? Because
           | they mentioned they have low vaccination rates?
        
           | khazhoux wrote:
           | > Jews do not travel to countries where VDPV2 is used
           | 
           | I would be interested to learn more about this statement.
        
             | ars wrote:
             | Pakistan and Afghanistan are very dangerous places for a
             | Jew to go.
             | 
             | Things are changing with the Abraham accords, but in
             | general Jews do not travel to Muslim majority countries -
             | they would be killed on sight.
        
               | mminer237 wrote:
               | OPV isn't just used in Muslim countries. Nigeria is the
               | biggest source of cVDPV2 infections. Ghana, Chad, Niger,
               | etc. have cases. Ukraine has cases. Even Israel has
               | cases.
        
               | ars wrote:
               | Nigeria and Chad are Muslim majority country, not
               | someplace a Jew can go. Niger is almost 100% Muslim.
               | 
               | Israel is interesting: They use _both_ IPV and OPV - IPV
               | to prevent vaccine drived Polio, and OPV to ensure Polio
               | eradication which IPV can 't do.
        
           | hasty wrote:
           | The cited article on WP (
           | https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/ultra-orthodox-zip-codes-
           | have... ) notes that measles vaccination rates were around
           | 70%, vs 99% for the rest of the state. Given the vaccine
           | schedule, it's pretty likely that if you're a kid not
           | vaccinated for measles, you're not vaccinated for polio
           | either.
        
         | makomk wrote:
         | That's probably less of a smoking gun than it seems like. This
         | case was only discovered because someone actually suffered from
         | paralysis, which is somewhat uncommon even in the unvaccinated
         | and extremely uncommon amongst the vaccinated. The thing is,
         | although it gives very strong protection against paralysis and
         | death the inactivated vaccine used in countries like the US
         | probably isn't all that effective at preventing people catching
         | and spreading polio - all of the polio elimination efforts
         | globally have used the oral polio vaccine which contains live
         | virus for this reason. It's not used in the developed world
         | because the serious side effect rate is hard to justify in a
         | country where polio no longer exists.
        
           | Enginerrrd wrote:
           | I'm in the US and I had an oral polio vaccine.
        
             | mcguire wrote:
             | When? According to the article, it hasn't been used here
             | since 2000.
             | 
             | Edit: I believe I did, too, but that would have been back
             | in the 1970s.
        
             | makomk wrote:
             | Okay, I should probably have been a bit clearer about that.
             | Polio eradication efforts everywhere in the world,
             | including the US, were based around the oral polio vaccine
             | due to its apparent benefits in stopping vaccinated people
             | from spreading polio. This was discontinued in the
             | developed world, including the USA, a couple of decades ago
             | (edit: and replaced with the inactivated polio vaccine - I
             | though this was clear enough from the context...) after
             | polio was eliminated there and the risk of spread from
             | other countries was considered low enough. Entire age
             | groups have never been vaccinated using the OPV. And of
             | course it doesn't matter how well protected the population
             | as a whole is if there's a subcommunity of people who
             | regularly interact with each other who aren;t...
        
               | threatofrain wrote:
               | > This was discontinued in the developed world, including
               | the USA, a couple of decades ago after polio was
               | eliminated there and the risk of spread from other
               | countries was considered low enough.
               | 
               | Where are you getting this information from?
               | 
               | https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/immunize.htm
        
               | makomk wrote:
               | All those vaccinations will be the inactivated polio
               | vaccine, since it's the only polio vaccine in use in the
               | USA since 2000:
               | https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/index.html
        
       | cldwalker wrote:
       | An epidemiologist's take -
       | https://yourlocalepidemiologist.substack.com/p/polio-an-unfo...
        
         | Fomite wrote:
         | That essay is pretty much this epidemiologist's take too.
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | Up next: smallpox.
        
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