[HN Gopher] Brazilian Amazon lost 18 trees per second in 2021
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       Brazilian Amazon lost 18 trees per second in 2021
        
       Author : carride
       Score  : 230 points
       Date   : 2022-07-19 13:16 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.batimes.com.ar)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.batimes.com.ar)
        
       | m1117 wrote:
       | It's about the same rate w/ how many americans die from firearms
        
       | daniel-cussen wrote:
       | People blame Brazil but I've met people outside Brazil who are
       | like "Oh! Bonds!" "What kinds of bonds?" "High returns!" "Can't
       | be government bonds then. Company bonds?" "Milk companies in
       | Brazil!" Oh, cutting down the Amazon. Two parents I knew, this
       | was like 18 years ago. It's been an emergency since the 1980's, a
       | continual emergency. It's still an emergency.
       | 
       | And I think they got fucked anyway, both of them. They thought it
       | was a good investment because it was such a shitty thing to do to
       | something so beautiful, thought the secret to luxury was
       | cowardice (and it is), but guess what the promise of shitty
       | person heaven where all the shitty people are so shitty to
       | everything except you because you're so special so much in common
       | with them, say the same things, have the same ideas, know the
       | same people, have the same passwords what a coincidence, bump
       | into each other in the strangest places, twins, so that
       | means...uh...nah you know what, it's a better lesson learned the
       | hard way. Getting fucked is critical to learning how not to get
       | fucked. Walkthroughs are uh...well police departments have
       | websites, there's books on the subject. And you can't con an
       | honest John. Well there's a limit to that, you also have to be
       | informed, you need both. And entertain moral dilemmas, moral
       | experiments, or like play-act with friends, that will help out a
       | lot. And good alternatives.
       | 
       | Course the hard part is finding an alternative to that if you are
       | conned. One way is to choose your second best choice. Not your
       | first choice. Second choice. So then if the second choice starts
       | getting shitty, stops whispering when you come around the bend,
       | hey oh shit, guess the second choice school, say we're talking
       | about Harvard 1 Yale 2, so Yale, really was second rank! I
       | thought the 2 meant it was just as good, just another numeral
       | from 1 to 10, like different days of the month! Wow, shit,
       | wouldn't want to have to transfer to Harvard, that would suck,
       | that was my first choice! Say I couldn't make it at Yale, damn!
        
       | specialp wrote:
       | The United States once had one of the largest forests on Earth.
       | The Eastern Forest covered almost everywhere east of the
       | Mississippi. 2,560,000 km2 of forest. Now it is largely gone.
       | Replaced with farmland and sprawl. So it is hard to criticize.
       | Even areas that are now heavily forested like Vermont were clear
       | cut almost entirely by the turn of the century.
       | 
       | The Amazon should be preserved, but to do that the world is going
       | to have to pay. You can't tell a country you can't progress like
       | the USA it is hypocritical.
        
         | alimbada wrote:
         | You are looking at this issue one-dimensionally. It is very
         | easy to criticise given that we now know what the impacts of
         | deforestation are a lot better than we did a century or three
         | ago.
        
         | hiidrew wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing, wasn't aware. The timelapse here is quite
         | evident
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forests_of_the_United_States#D...
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | The eastern US forests cover 1.55 million km^2. So, no, it is
         | not "largely gone". Granted, a considerable fraction of this is
         | regenerated after being clear cut.
        
         | coding123 wrote:
         | You absolutely can and we have been doing so since, probably
         | the 1970s. I think this hypocriticalness should continue. The
         | world is FULL of hypocrtical shit and it doesn't stop of from
         | trying to do what is right.
        
         | flaviojuvenal wrote:
         | Note this is probably a false dilemma. According to Brazilian
         | federal police, the recent deforestation surge is caused by
         | illegal logging, not agriculture or cattle raising. Source in
         | Portuguese: https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/nacional/pf-grilagem-
         | e-madeira-...
         | 
         | Brazil had no trouble to grow in 90s and 2000s while reducing
         | Amazon deforestation.
        
           | ratww wrote:
           | That's a very important post.
           | 
           |  _> Brazil had no trouble to grow in 90s and 2000s while
           | reducing Amazon deforestation._
           | 
           | Thanks for putting it into words in a way I couldn't.
        
             | spywaregorilla wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_r
             | a...
             | 
             | I'm not sure its accurate though. The marginal rate of
             | forest coverage loss seems to have dropped substantially
             | since 2008.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | Fine, that's even better then: it continuous decreased
               | from around 2004-2014, when the country was really really
               | growing fast and fine af, to the point it was able to
               | totally ignore the 2008 financial crisis. Amazeballs.
               | 
               | By the way the president from the first of those years is
               | running in the next election. There's still hope.
        
           | vitorbaptistaa wrote:
           | Ilegal logging is the first step. Take down the valuable
           | trees, burn the remaining, and finally start raising cattle.
        
         | ErikVandeWater wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure most of the damage was done before people
         | realized the significance of deforestation.
         | 
         | We certainly now know the impact of deforestation, and that it
         | affects the entire planet.
        
         | squarefoot wrote:
         | It all depends on when it happened. We evolved as a species and
         | what was perceived as normal way less than 100 years ago would
         | be considered outrageous by today's standards. As an example,
         | if you take 10 highly successful Hollywood movies from the
         | 1950s, chances are that in 7 of them a woman is forced into
         | kissing the male lead; do it today and your career is over. And
         | we're talking about people, not trees. Back then we didn't know
         | what damage we were bringing to the environment, now we do, so
         | I think it's perfectly logical to call Bolsonaro a corrupt
         | criminal while closing an eye on similar events from over a
         | century ago.
        
         | EGreg wrote:
         | Why do governments not start an international reforestation /
         | ecological fund and pay some of their GDP into it so that it
         | would make economic sense for Brazil, Australia and others to
         | preserve their forests, kelp, reefs etc. These carbon credit
         | half measures are pitiful.
         | 
         | Western governments pay part of their GDP for NATO, but
         | defending against ecological collapse might be higher priority.
         | 
         | Governments tax citizens by force all the time. If it's going
         | to be used for anything, it should FIRST AND FOREMOST be used
         | to coordinate large scale activity to mitigate negative
         | externalities. And there's no bigger one than the ecosystem
         | collapse we are starting to see around us.
         | 
         | (Printing more money btw will only accerate consumption. There
         | is very little thought to sustainability in most human economic
         | systems.)
        
           | coffeeblack wrote:
           | With my idealists hat on: that would be great. Plus, it would
           | suddenly make economic sense to build desalination plants and
           | pump water into deserts and plant trees there.
           | 
           | With my realist hat on: that money will disappear as quickly
           | as dodgy ngo can write empty "project proposals". Trees will
           | be planted, press fotos made, and trees will die. 70 years of
           | "development aid".
        
           | andrekandre wrote:
           | > Why do governments not start an international reforestation
           | / ecological fund and pay some of their GDP into it
           | 
           | they are busy pouring their gdp into competing with one
           | another...unfortunately,our current economic system is based
           | on endless growth and competition instead of equity and
           | cooperation; i doubt anything will happen until its too
           | late...
        
             | EGreg wrote:
             | Exactly. Competition instead of collaboration means that
             | organizations can't meaningfully get together and solve
             | large externalities before it's too late. Same with wars.
             | 
             | We need to get our governments to work together and get
             | things done, as they did with the Toronto Protocol but over
             | and over. The United Nations can work to implement
             | software-like release cycles of more and more mechanisms
             | that facilitate cooperation between countries, even as they
             | bicker.
             | 
             | Sadly, I do not think such solutions will be implemented
             | top-down, and the bottom-up ones may take too long. But we
             | can try !!!
        
         | frozencell wrote:
         | Optimizing profit since 1800. Didn't Napoleon sold Louisiana
         | because of the consequences of Anglo-German bankers speculation
         | on European economy?
        
         | dataflow wrote:
         | The majority of deforestation took place prior to 1910, says
         | Wikipedia. We didn't know nearly as much back then about the
         | problems it would cause. So I'm not sure it's hard to criticize
         | this when seeing it in 2022.
        
           | specialp wrote:
           | The USA could easily decide they would like to restore 50% of
           | the forest by reclaiming farmland and exurbs and planting
           | back trees. In 50 years it could be a large wild forest.
           | Perhaps not old growth like before. So what is stopping this?
           | It would cost a huge amount of money and drive food costs up
           | dramatically. So even though it was not really as appreciated
           | then to keep forests, it still is empty talk because nobody
           | will pay to reverse those decisions as benefits are being
           | reaped from it. So yes the USA is still not in a position to
           | criticize without doing anything themselves or paying to
           | preserve the Brazilian forests.
        
             | juve1996 wrote:
             | Brazil will face the same consequences as everyone else.
             | 
             | They can be mad that other countries got rich in the past,
             | or they can put their big boy pants on and preserve
             | something that is just as critical to them (probably more
             | so critical to them) as everyone else in the world.
        
               | ajot wrote:
               | Sure, but you can face the consequences with a higher
               | development, or face them while also suffering from
               | widespread poverty or malnourishment.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | Nah. It's gonna be either both together or none at all.
               | 
               | Like another poster mentioned, when Brazil was growing,
               | deforestation was shrinking.
               | 
               | The meme that the Amazon has to be destroyed for the
               | country to grow is quite new. Please stop spreading it. I
               | got people there.
        
           | melling wrote:
           | So, now that we know should we replace some portion of the
           | trees?
        
             | coryrc wrote:
             | We are, up 2.6% from 1990 to 2010: https://rainforests.mong
             | abay.com/deforestation/2000/United_S...
        
             | dataflow wrote:
             | Sure, I don't have a horse in this race.
        
         | ratww wrote:
         | > So it is hard to criticize. Even areas that are now heavily
         | forested like Vermont were clear cut almost entirely by the
         | turn of the century.
         | 
         | As someone born in Brazil, I don't see why it's hard. Please
         | criticise away. My country should be learning from the mistakes
         | of others, not repeating them in order to favour some higher
         | political caste.
         | 
         | To quote flaviojuvenal below, _" Brazil had no trouble to grow
         | in 90s and 2000s while reducing Amazon deforestation."_.
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32152630
        
           | lvass wrote:
           | >mistakes
           | 
           | Yeah, that's a very hard sell, when your country is in such a
           | shameful state, your economy is hanging by a thread that's
           | agriculture, and without it your currency would be so messed
           | up you'd be unlikely to be able to pay for the device you're
           | typing that on. When you pledge for your own country that's
           | suffering from hunger to reduce agriculture, you're part of
           | the problem.
        
             | ratww wrote:
             | What does it have to do with anything?
             | 
             | Import oriented agriculture/livestock is not really serving
             | the local economy or making the country grow. Like other
             | poster said, _" Brazil had no trouble to grow in 90s and
             | 2000s while reducing Amazon deforestation"_.
             | 
             | People used to eat meat in Brazil every day, now even some
             | middle class people had to reduce due to prices. The same
             | goes for gas. That's because the economy changed heavily to
             | favour primary sector exports at the detriment of every
             | other activity.
             | 
             | Agriculture and Livestock were benefited at the detriment
             | of every other sector.
             | 
             | EDIT: I wouldn't be able to even _dream_ about buying the
             | device I 'm currently using if I were still working as a
             | software engineer in Brazil, dude! I had to immigrate, as
             | have about >60% of the co-workers I had in the last 10-ish
             | years. The economical bullshit you're currently defending
             | was shit even for people in well paying positions. However
             | I was lucky, as my parents were immigrants themselves and I
             | have foreign citizenship due to that. Some people weren't
             | as lucky!
        
               | lvass wrote:
               | If you don't understand how the vast majority of goods
               | made in your country helps your economy, you terribly
               | need to read some economic theory. I suggest Adam Smith's
               | The Wealth of Nations. Brazil didn't suddenly deinvest
               | other sectors out of a whim, they became less relevant
               | thanks to economic pressure. To assume otherwise is
               | accusing the entire country of incredible stupidity,
               | which is laughable when you demonstrate so much lack of
               | knowledge.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | Oh nice, more condescension. I'll let it pass. Here's a
               | real reply:
               | 
               | This might work in aggregate, but doesn't really help the
               | average Brazilian, nor makes the country become
               | developed. If the economic measures are only favouring
               | the primary sector, the "vast majority of goods made in
               | [my] country" is only making money for an extremely small
               | part of the population. Plus, these measures are causing
               | shrinkage of other sectors that actually would help the
               | population richness grow.
               | 
               | What is happening only favours people in the primary
               | sector (which isn't really employing that much people
               | despite continuous growth) and richer countries buying
               | cheaply for us.
               | 
               | Hypocrites who want Brazil to keep being a giant
               | farm/ranch of the world selling cheap stuff are a problem
               | as big as the country's government. Go away with your
               | colonialism.
        
               | lvass wrote:
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | Alright, so now it seems I want Zimbabwe-style Socialism
               | in Brazil, whatever that means. It seems you're too busy
               | putting words in my mouth to care about what I wrote, so
               | goodbye I guess.
               | 
               | EDIT: Rightfully flagged/dead and I didn't even had to
               | flag it myself. Nice. There should be no room for this
               | type of discourse on HN.
        
           | is_true wrote:
           | Think of it this way:
           | 
           | The countries pointing fingers at Brazil all did the same to
           | become more developed and to make their population richer,
           | they just want to stop Brazil from doing the same so they can
           | keep the prices of commodities they sell higher.
           | 
           | They cheated but now don't want you to do the same in order
           | to keep other countries in check, I mean, Europe is burning
           | more and more coal, they are just a bunch of hypocrites.
           | 
           | Fun fact: That "newspaper*" that published the article is
           | from Argentina, which is destroying the "Chaco" region as we
           | speak and burning large areas of wetlands to increase the
           | area for growing cattle, a market in which it's competing
           | with Brazil.
           | 
           | Even thought the article is from another source, the BA Times
           | belong to a company aligned with the Argentinian government
           | which supports Lula in Brazil.
        
             | 411111111111111 wrote:
             | > _They cheated but now don 't want you to do the same in
             | order to keep other countries in check, I mean, Europe is
             | burning more and more coal, they are just a bunch of
             | hypocrites._
             | 
             | It's even worse in my opinion, because people here actually
             | do seem to think that "the west" has it under control
             | nowadays, which is one of the dumbest things I learned
             | recently.
             | 
             | There are so many factors which were omitted in order to
             | create that misinformation, but there is only one thing you
             | can trust the industry to do: suppress any information
             | which could negatively impact them, even if it could very
             | well become an existential threat ...
        
             | jdasdf wrote:
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ratww wrote:
             | _> The countries pointing fingers at Brazil all did the
             | same to become more developed and to make their population
             | richer, they just want to stop Brazil from doing the same
             | so they can keep the prices of commodities they sell
             | higher._
             | 
             | My point is that what made US/EU rich isn't what Brazil is
             | doing. And even if it were, what makes a country rich
             | pre-1900 won't exactly work in 2022. Brazilians could buy
             | machinery from other countries. They don't have to go
             | trough some mini industrial revolution again.
        
           | rglullis wrote:
           | The point is that every rich country _first_ became rich,
           | _then_ started worrying about the environment.
           | 
           | It _is_ hypocritical from rich countries to ask Brazil to
           | stop deforestation if that means halting its economic
           | development. If the rich countries really believe that
           | preserving the environment is more important than the
           | economy, then they need to either (a) pay underdeveloped
           | countries to preserve their forests or (b) sacrifice their
           | own economy and spend their own resources to re-grow their
           | forest land. _Ideally both_.
        
             | gassiss wrote:
             | Brazil is a rich country though. It's considered 2nd world
             | due to violence, income/wealth inequality and sanitation
             | problems, which are mainly political and not due to lack of
             | money
        
               | rglullis wrote:
               | Brazil is a top 10 economy _only_ because of its
               | population size. Per capita, it sits smack in the middle
               | of the table and is behind  "poor" countries from Eastern
               | Europe and the Caribean.
               | 
               | Due to its inequality, I'd venture that a chart compared
               | median income levels would put us below most African
               | countries. Brazil _can_ be an amazing place to live if
               | you are already wealthy (and if you are willing to live
               | surrounded by private security and completely removed
               | from the reality of the population at large), but no one
               | in their right mind would risk trading their lives with
               | that of the median Brazilian.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | It's considered "3rd world" actually, as much as the term
               | is a bit useless. The term "2nd world" is reserved to
               | former Soviet-aligned countries.
        
             | ratww wrote:
             | And my point is that Brazil won't get rich by doing what it
             | is currently doing. The primary sector won't enrich the
             | general population or make the country more developed. Only
             | some people favoured by the current government. That's
             | what's currently happening, not some cuckoo theory.
        
               | pibechorro wrote:
               | You just described what basically goes on in every
               | country.. some more blatantly than others.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | Not exactly. What is happening now wasn't the reality in
               | Brazil for some time before. Things _were_ getting
               | better.
        
               | cassianoleal wrote:
               | Brazil _is_ rich though, and largely because of those
               | things. The fact that such richness is so unjustly
               | distributed across the population is an orthogonal
               | problem.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | Yep. But one way of distributing this across the
               | population is by favouring other sectors rather than
               | strangling them to favour the primary.
               | 
               | The number of people working in the agricultural sector
               | has only shrunk and will keep shrinking due to
               | mechanisation/automation. The general population won't
               | see the benefits of the primary sector growing, unless we
               | have a Soviet-style wealth redistribution.
        
               | is_true wrote:
               | There's a lot of people working in that automation. That
               | earn much more and make the country more efficient, more
               | production means more jobs down the road.
               | 
               | Also, countries like brasil don't export commodities just
               | because they want, there 's a web of tariff to keep
               | producing countries from industrializing those products.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | _> There 's a lot of people working in that automation._
               | 
               | Sorry for the pun, but Brazil isn't really reaping the
               | benefits of agricultural automation to compensate for the
               | issues being an exclusively primary-sector exporter
               | causes. Automation scales very well. Also notice that I'm
               | not saying Brazil shouldn't keep doing what it is doing,
               | I'm saying that other more developed-country-ish sectors
               | should be expanded too.
               | 
               |  _> Also, countries like brasil don 't export commodities
               | just because they want, there 's a web of tariff to keep
               | producing countries from industrializing those products._
               | 
               | If that's the case, then saying "Brazil needs to import
               | primary sector stuff before they grow fo' real like us"
               | is even worse :) They want Brazil to suffer before it has
               | a chance to become a developed country.
        
               | is_true wrote:
               | They don't want more developed countries. Period.
               | 
               | Also, I don't know where you are from, but brazil has a
               | healthy agritech industry selling know-how and technology
               | to other countries.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | The only people who "don't want more developed countries"
               | are the people that want Brazil to keep being a primary
               | sector exporter that suffers from Resource curse
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_curse).
               | 
               | I'm from Brazil but I have lived abroad for a while. And
               | what I said before doesn't negate the fact that Brazil
               | has a healthy agritech industry. This industry still
               | doesn't make up for the problems caused by the current
               | policies. And one thing doesn't really negate the other.
               | We don't have to kill the primary sector for others to
               | develop.
        
               | cassianoleal wrote:
               | We can agree on that.
               | 
               | My point was not that the current model is a good one,
               | but rather that its problem is not one of generating
               | wealth but rather one of distributing it, which you just
               | demonstrated as well.
               | 
               | I guarantee you, I was not defending the current focus on
               | developing /latifundios/ at the expense of everything
               | else.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | Ah perfect, then we're in agreement.
               | 
               | A lot of people assume I'm being a radical and saying
               | Brazil should stop exporting meat/soy/etc. I'm not.
               | 
               | What I'm saying is that Brazil needs is a plan that's not
               | simply "keep fucking the country even though it's not
               | really working".
               | 
               | I'm not a fan of people from richer countries saying
               | "Brazil should keep doing what it seems to want to do",
               | because this is also way too favourable to them.
        
               | cassianoleal wrote:
               | I'm not a fan of richer (or poorer!) countries saying
               | much of anything about what other countries should or
               | should not do. :) Everyone is biased. Everyone is
               | hypocritical to some degree. We should find common
               | ground, not impose or be imposed on.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | Agree.
               | 
               | I think it's kinda easy to find common ground, but
               | _everyone_ should be allowed a voice. With the  "shut up,
               | let Brazil destroy forests, we did it too", the only
               | people that seem to be getting a voice are politically-
               | correct privileged people from rich countries (who want
               | to keep taking advantage of Brazil), criminals in Brazil
               | destroying the forest and the corrupt current Brazilian
               | government.
        
               | rglullis wrote:
               | The alternative to "not enrich the country" will be "make
               | it even poorer and unequal than it already is".
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | Bullshit.
               | 
               | Brasil has >70% people working in the service sector. The
               | percentage of people working in agriculture has actually
               | shrunk since the Lula years. Mechanization and automation
               | will guarantee it keeps shrinking.
               | 
               | The current economic measures are favouring only the
               | primary sector to the detriment of others.
               | 
               | I'm not even calling for ceasing imports of agricultural
               | stuff, all I'm saying is that the current madness is
               | already making the people poorer.
        
               | rglullis wrote:
               | It is _precisely_ because so many people working in the
               | service sector that the country does not get rich. Doesn
               | 't build any wealth, doesn't get to export anything.
               | 
               | And also, it is not the amount of people working that
               | determines how to enrich the country. It is the overall
               | output. Brazil has nothing but the agro sector at the
               | moment. To build a stronger industry, they need to come
               | up with the resources from somewhere. And agro is as good
               | as any of the alternatives.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | Yes, and? My point is precisely that those people aren't
               | going to start working in agriculture. The number of
               | people working in agriculture is only shrinking, and
               | there's several labour problems with agricultural work in
               | Brazil that won't cause farm/livestock workers to see the
               | money.
               | 
               | I'm not suggesting people move to the services sector.
        
               | rglullis wrote:
               | > The number of people working in agriculture is only
               | shrinking
               | 
               | The number of people working doesn't matter. What matters
               | is that the country gets _through_ agriculture the
               | resources needed to invest in the other sectors.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | In theory that makes a lot of sense. Truly. In reality,
               | believing that and going froward with this plan was an
               | immense setback to the country and the population.
               | 
               | Europe/US/etc letting Brazil keep doing what it's doing
               | is mostly helping Europe/US/etc at the expense of
               | Brazilians and the environment.
        
               | rglullis wrote:
               | I am not arguing in favor of the US or Europe, and I am
               | also not arguing that Brazil should keep putting down
               | trees just to sell more soybeans for the US and China.
               | 
               | What I am saying is that the rich countries need to quit
               | their double standard. The EU keeps putting absurd trade
               | barriers to protect their own farmers. The US subsidizes
               | their corn farms, effectively killing the Brazilian
               | industry for biofuels. European NGOs are financed to
               | disparage Brazil's investments in hydropower, while
               | depending on Putin for gas and coal.
               | 
               | So, yeah, agro business is far from ideal, but now is the
               | only feasible alternative for Brazil to come up with
               | _any_ chance of development, and they will also work
               | against _that_? I 'd be more than willing to listen what
               | they have to say if they were setting the example...
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | Alright then we're in agreement.
               | 
               |  _> What I am saying is that the rich countries need to
               | quit their double standard. The EU keeps putting absurd
               | trade barriers to protect their own farmers. The US
               | subsidizes their corn farms, effectively killing the
               | Brazilian industry for biofuels. European NGOs are
               | financed to disparage Brazil 's investments in
               | hydropower, while depending on Putin for gas and coal._
               | 
               | Oh, I agree with all that. That's an important post.
               | 
               |  _> So, yeah, agro business is far from ideal, but now is
               | the only feasible alternative for Brazil to come up with
               | any chance of development, and they will also work
               | against that? I 'd be more than willing to listen what
               | they have to say if they were setting the example..._
               | 
               | I guess my whole point is that foreigners saying "we did
               | it before to grow, Brazil should do it too" is
               | nonsensical, hypocritical and very self-serving,
               | precisely because of your second paragraph. At the same
               | time, I'm ok with foreigners telling Brazil to stop
               | cutting trees because it opens the door to us at least
               | replying with something like the second paragraph.
        
             | kmeisthax wrote:
             | The thing is, "paying Brazil to not raze the Amazon" has
             | already been tried and failed. The government sees it as a
             | way to fleece rich environmentalists and has no interest in
             | abandoning their meal ticket.
             | 
             | Even if the government was aligned on keeping the Amazon as
             | it was, they have their own enforcement struggles. Once an
             | illegal developer has razed a plot of land, there's not
             | really much the government can do to stop them. The damage
             | has _already been done_. Even worse, by the time the
             | government is even aware of a particular section of
             | illegally cleared land, it 's already been sold off,
             | developed, and has people living in it. The only option now
             | is to either:
             | 
             | 1. Grandfather in the illegal land
             | 
             | 2. Forcibly evict and ruin the lives of people who bought
             | into the illegal purchase so that the scarred land can
             | remain fallow for decades
             | 
             | Overwhelmingly Brazilian courts have chosen #1 over #2.
             | Enforcement is too far behind land development to make any
             | sort of "pay to save" scheme work.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | two wrongs do not make a "right"
        
           | specialp wrote:
           | It doesn't and I am not advocating cutting down all the
           | forests. But it is very easy to have had already done it,
           | reaped the benefits of being an agricultural/economic
           | powerhouse and then tell a developing country that was not
           | good. Is the USA now reversing that mistake by turning
           | farmland and sprawling suburbs back to forest? No. It could
           | be done. It is just that will cost something to do. It is
           | easier to tell someone else to not cut down their forest.
           | That does not cost anything.
        
             | Sporktacular wrote:
             | Timber and beef are not the significant chunks of the
             | world's economy that they once were. There are alternatives
             | now for consumers and for economic planners.
             | 
             | Alternatives that don't lead to future death of entire
             | ecosystems and the impoverishment of large sections of the
             | world's population.
        
         | coffeeblack wrote:
         | Same goes for Europe.
         | 
         | We love to point the finger at Brazil and other developing
         | countries, while profiting for centuries from deforestation of
         | our own territory.
         | 
         | Maybe we should simply plant 18 new trees per second in the
         | West?
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | Yes. Use eminent domain to crawl back the suburbia. Pay
           | people what is the value of newly forested land. Then provide
           | them some living place few square meters is proven to be
           | enough by examples in East Asia.
        
             | coffeeblack wrote:
             | Could you explain why you want to grow trees on the 1% of
             | land that has housing on it, instead of on the 99% of land
             | that hasn't?
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Because every bit helps and everyone should be ready to
               | make some minor sacrifices for the planet. After all they
               | are asking others to die from hunger.
        
               | ElectricalUnion wrote:
               | Because grass, one of the the world's most well tended
               | and sprawling crops, doesn't help feeding people near as
               | much compared to the other 99% of the land that isn't
               | "housing".
        
           | throwaway6734 wrote:
           | The modern situation is different though. All those trees
           | were used to bootstrap the current level of technological
           | progress that Brazil doesn't need to do.
           | 
           | Ideally wealthier countries would purchase/subsidize these
           | areas so they don't need to be logged
        
             | ratww wrote:
             | Yep. Brazil doesn't need to go trough another industrial
             | revolution. Germany is happy to sell machines to Brazil.
        
         | beeforpork wrote:
         | Killing the Amazon is a crime. Nothing done in the US or
         | anywhere else changes that, regardless of whether that was a
         | crime, too.
         | 
         | It is also not hypocritical unless you personally cut down a
         | tree, or unless you believe in the collective responsibility of
         | nations. I don't think 'the Brazialians' are responsible for
         | killing the Amazon -- it's probably a minority of people and we
         | shouldn't care which nation they belong too. This is a serious
         | global problem, and it accidentally happens in some country.
         | Neither collective blame nor collective shame will help. This
         | problem must be criticised.
        
           | ajot wrote:
           | Well, crimes should not go unpunished, and if we can, revert
           | the wrongdoing.
           | 
           | What are US or Europe citizens, NGOs and governments doing to
           | restate their forests to, at least, their pre-industrial
           | magnitude? Recover your environments before lecturing and
           | chastising us third world humans.
        
       | impeplague wrote:
       | Recent US elections made the people almost freak out because of
       | the suspected Russia influence. In every developing country, not
       | only Brazil, this is the norm and not the exception.
       | 
       | Bolsonaro's election received heavy support from the
       | international (and national) finance sector. They projected a
       | higher gain under his government. And most of these people are
       | from developed countries.
       | 
       | People from rich country may not be really aware that the
       | commodities come from somwere. The recent Russian war sure made
       | this more clear. Developing countries are locked in that role.
       | 
       | If a country like Brazil, Russia or China reduces significantly
       | its exports, everyone living costs rise. This is obviously true
       | for high technology goods, but while you can survive with no
       | smartphone, you can't with no food and energy.
       | 
       | I'm talking about this most obvious stuff to make this point:
       | rich countries exports their poverty. USA still has a firm hand
       | on the entire continent, and will not let it go, Brazil included.
       | 
       | As someone from Brazil, I really hope BRICS+ continues to grow.
       | While the G7 can easily suffocate small dissidents, a entire
       | block can not be. Sanctions against Russia stared to make
       | European governments fall, what happens if you sanction half the
       | world population?
       | 
       | I'm reserving judgment in the Russia's war in this post, becase
       | most of these implications don't depends on who is right.
        
       | Gravyness wrote:
       | What about 2020, and 2019? I'm more interested in the trend than
       | in the absolute number.
        
       | nonrandomstring wrote:
       | Those saying this is an "unavoidable" catastrophe and inevitable
       | consequence of economics are being selective about history.
       | 
       | We've taken strong conservation and violent prevention measures
       | before against ecological practices of sovereign nation states
       | that are detrimental to our lives.
       | 
       | Perhaps the only 'successful' part of the US "war on drugs" was
       | coca eradication [1], including the use of biological warfare
       | (pests), herbicides and crop burning. We probably would have
       | napalmed the Afghan poppy fields, but in the end the Taliban did
       | it for us.
       | 
       | The ivory trade is almost extinguished, let's be honest, not
       | because we stemmed demand but because we were prepared to shoot
       | the poachers. It's no secret the SAS operated "free-fire" in
       | those parts of Africa, also training locals on "man hunting".
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca_eradication
        
       | 01acheru wrote:
       | If those living in high income countries don't support poorer
       | countries to keep their forests healthy complaining about them
       | being chopped is hypocritical.
       | 
       | I live in Italy, the Po Valley I live in was a marshland with
       | lots of centenarian trees. Since Roman times marshes have been
       | drought and most of the forests were chopped to make room for
       | agriculture (and to build Venice, which sits on millions and
       | millions of trees).
       | 
       | I recently went to Portugal, where most forests have been chopped
       | and substituted with huge eucalyptus or cork oak monocultures.
       | 
       | The same goes for France, Germany, etc.
       | 
       | We destroyed our environment so we could have progress. Now we
       | understand that the environment is precious and must be taken
       | care of, so it's up to us to pay other countries to preserve
       | their environment. This money will eventually be used to buy
       | "progress" and end on our pockets once again so it's not even a
       | bad deal economically speaking, it just takes the will (which is
       | lacking almost anywhere).
        
         | emadabdulrahim wrote:
         | I'm from one of the so called poor countries and let me tell
         | you, we aren't that poor. We just have much much higher levels
         | of corruption and static generational wealth. Add to that
         | extremely selfish and poor planning from politicians at the
         | top.
        
           | 01acheru wrote:
           | Static generational wealth, corruption, selfishness and poor
           | planning are incredibly common in high income countries too.
           | 
           | My father is Brazilian and I lived there for almost ten
           | years, from mid 90s to mid 00s, and indeed Brazil as a
           | country is not that poor: if you could split the GDP equally
           | amongst the population. Since this is not the case in reality
           | there are millions and millions well below the poverty line
           | and this is what makes a country a poor country, a country
           | where a lot of people are poor.
           | 
           | When you have a lot of poor people many things go out of
           | control, and also taking advantage of poor people is a piece
           | of cake for those at the top of the money pyramid.
           | 
           | Deforestation in Brazil will not stop unless farmers and
           | locals that live around the Amazon (or other green areas such
           | as the Pantanal or the now almost destroyed Mata Atlantica)
           | get paid to not touch it, help it regrow and pursue different
           | agricultural styles or different crops. The Brazilian
           | government doesn't have the money to do that even if
           | corruption went to zero and private entities will not act
           | since in most cases they are the ones fomenting
           | deforestation.
           | 
           | The only hope for South American forests to thrive is foreign
           | intervention: local governments won't act, local corporations
           | won't act and most of the local population is simply too poor
           | to care.
        
       | linuxftw wrote:
       | They're just doing what other continents did hundreds or
       | thousands of years ago. If you want to save the forests, make
       | them economically more valuable than converting them into other
       | uses.
       | 
       | If there's 100M iphones in the world that retail for around $1000
       | each, that's $100B dollars. We could have invested that money
       | into building some kind of park that welcomes visitors. No,
       | instead we chose as a society to take pretty photos for instagram
       | for fake internet points.
        
         | Sporktacular wrote:
         | They have a value that greater than just their economic value!
         | 
         | The environment created us, we created economics. It's an
         | artificial concept that will never capture the true value of
         | nature.
        
           | linuxftw wrote:
           | > They have a value that greater than just their economic
           | value!
           | 
           | Then investing at the economic value would be profitable, and
           | people should clearly do this.
        
       | m_a_g wrote:
        
         | lvass wrote:
         | Tell me how well preserved your forests are.
        
           | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_forests_of_th.
           | ..
        
         | sremani wrote:
         | my main man, Brazil feeds a lot of people outside its borders.
         | I am not fan of Brazilian agriculture and its intense
         | practices. If you live in USA, Brazil is a competitor albeit a
         | dinged one, but if you go on sanctioning countries that provide
         | food and fertilizer around the world, people are going to die
         | and nations are going to collapse in matter of months not
         | years.
         | 
         | Be careful what you wish for, it can come true.
        
       | contrapetista wrote:
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | The documentary "Surviving Progress" has a part that covers the
       | situation in the Amazon. This is an extract of it.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jeA7u5paQQ
        
       | acraabrazil wrote:
       | In the Amazon Region of Brazil
       | 
       | - We integrate advanced agroforestry restoration systems
       | 
       | - Provide people living here with greater self-sufficiency and
       | economic prosperity
       | 
       | https://acraabrazil.org/about
        
       | theropost wrote:
       | So, lets fund the planting of 20+ trees per second to help
       | counter-balance it. Someone can plant around 200 trees per day
       | with basic tools (lower end - some can do upward of 1000) but
       | lets go with the lower number.
       | 
       | 24 hours per day X 60 minutes X 60 seconds X 20 trees per second
       | = 1,728,000 trees per day = 8640 people required
       | 
       | This certainly seems feasible - we just need the economics to
       | justify it.
        
       | Ekaros wrote:
       | Maybe countries criticising Brazil should raise down their
       | suburbs and plants even more trees there.
        
         | Sporktacular wrote:
         | The 500 IQ comment in its full glory.
        
           | Gravyness wrote:
           | Is the person you commented ugly too, or do you have an
           | argument better than calling someone an imbecile?
        
       | slowhand09 wrote:
       | Interesting comments below. Just some food for thought.
       | 
       | Fertilized, less land is required to grow equivalent quantities
       | of crops.
       | 
       | Petroleum products, especially natural gas is a raw material as
       | well as fuel for nitrogen fertilizer production.
       | 
       | Higher petroleum prices mean higher fertilizer prices. Higher
       | fertilizer prices mean higher food prices.
       | 
       | Scarcity increases prices. Worldwide food production is down for
       | many reasons: weather, war, disease, lack of workers, inflation,
       | and cost to fertilize. Expect prices to rise, significantly more
       | than they have.
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | Or, PV will continue to crash in price, electrolytic hydrogen
         | will get cheaper than SMR hydrogen, and fertilizer will remain
         | cheap. The big concern with fertilizer is not so much energy
         | use, btw, it's N2O emission.
        
       | gonational wrote:
       | In the 2.7 million square miles of rain forest, 114 miles[1] were
       | lost.
       | 
       | That's 0.004% - huge.
       | 
       | 1. Assuming 1 tree per 100 square feet.
        
       | agumonkey wrote:
       | on the other hand there's a video of a guy planting one tree per
       | minute here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbA-hoIuHM4
        
       | hu3 wrote:
       | If we really care about what happens in Brazil we should offer
       | economically viable solutions rather than pointing fingers and
       | accusing them of doing something that we did in the past for a
       | long time.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | There are only four economically viable solutions:
         | 
         | 1) Boycott or put drastic tariffs on Brazilian meat and soy,
         | aka the products that are made out of the areas which were
         | former rainforest. The problem: China won't give a fuck about
         | Western sanction and Bolsonaro and his goons will happily sell
         | to them (aided by the fact that China still has issues with pig
         | fever in their domestic meat production).
         | 
         | 2) Pay off Bolsonaro and his goons. That stops the destruction,
         | but provides a fascist dictatorship with even _more_ money.
         | 
         | 3) Hope for Lula to win in the elections in October. The
         | problem: Bolsonaro may manipulate the election to stay in
         | power, either in front (by having Lula arrested or preventing
         | him from campaigning, public debates etc.) or afterwards
         | (outright vote manipulation). Or he might legitimately win
         | despite his current lag in the polls, which makes the situation
         | even worse than it already is.
         | 
         | 4) Have the CIA do what they have a lot of experience in: get
         | rid of Bolsonaro and his goons, either by abducting him and
         | hold him to trial in the US similar to drug barons or by
         | permanently eliminating him. That would be the cleanest way and
         | send a signal to other criminal destroyers of nature, but
         | without a whole lot of effort the resulting power vacuum may
         | destabilize the region even more than it already is.
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | Trying to effect a regime change of a G20 member nation with
           | a population of over 200 million? Yeah, can't see how that
           | could backfire at all...
        
             | dormento wrote:
             | Echoing the comments of fellow brazilian brethren in this
             | thread: "As a Brazilian, I would be completely ok with
             | that." /s
             | 
             | (And after yesterdays shameful meeting with the embassies,
             | I only say this half-joking...)
        
           | collegeburner wrote:
           | "regime change is bad except when it's for a reason i like"
        
             | boeingUH60 wrote:
             | Quite scary to see Americans still thinking like this.
             | Surely this explains the country's many fuckups in this
             | century, e.g., Afghanistan and Iraq.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | Smithalicious wrote:
           | I really don't think the CIA should be the global judge, jury
           | and executioner. I don't think the US assassinating the
           | leader of one of the world's largest countries to "send a
           | signal" is conductive to world peace.
        
         | softcactus wrote:
         | Economically we should think of it like this:
         | 
         | Our early industrialization contributed massively to global
         | warming. It allowed us to become extremely wealthy, but also we
         | incurred a "carbon debt" to the rest of the planet, since our
         | atmosphere is a shared resource.
         | 
         | Now that others are trying to industrialize, we should repay
         | that "carbon debt" to offset the cost of allowing them to
         | industrialize cleanly, since we had the benefit early on of not
         | having to worry about our impact on the environment. The gains
         | that we made early on were at everyone's expense.
        
           | Sporktacular wrote:
           | There is definitely a debt, but primary industries aren't
           | what they were when Europe and North America were
           | deforesting. To use that an a justification now is a weak
           | argument when there are alternatives that would add more
           | value to the economy.
        
         | ratww wrote:
         | As someone born in Brazil, I'm tired of this condescending
         | bullshit.
         | 
         | There are several economically viable solutions, but Brazilian
         | government should be interested in pursuing them, rather than
         | only pursuing things that only benefits the current friends of
         | the government (such as deforestation).
         | 
         | US/EU/etc forcing Brazil to get its shit together would be
         | BETTER for the population. We don't need the deforestation to
         | progress. Quite the opposite.
         | 
         | If Brazil were to wage a war on another country, would it be
         | fine just because Europe/US also did it in the past?
        
           | hu3 wrote:
           | > There are several economically viable solutions...
           | 
           | Such as? The sheer scale of what Brazil feeds to the rest of
           | the world would hardly accommodate for "several economically
           | viable solutions".
           | 
           | 2020 paper about the issue:
           | https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2003270117
           | 
           | You can't simply tell a third-world country to halt a major
           | part of their economy.
        
             | ratww wrote:
             | I answered somewhere else.
             | 
             | Brazil being a major exporter of only primary sector goods
             | isn't doing the population of the country any favours.
             | 
             |  _> If people from other countries really want Brazilian
             | economy to get off the ground, they should want Brazil to
             | export processed and manufactured goods, or other sectors._
             | 
             |  _> Treating Brazil like a big farm is doing neither Brazil
             | nor the environment any favours._
             | 
             |  _> The  "We should't criticise Brazil" is not only
             | hypocritical, it's also counter-intuitive._
             | 
             | It's not about halting a major part of its economy. It's
             | about not fucking up the rest of the economy only to
             | accommodate a sector that isn't doing that much good for
             | the greater part of the population.
             | 
             | China/EU/US actually love the cheap meat. The "let's not
             | criticise" is as self-serving as it gets.
        
             | Sporktacular wrote:
             | Yes, we can and do every time we tell country that its drug
             | production is bad for the rest of the world.
             | 
             | There is no moral reason not to intercede here, if suitable
             | compensation and incentives are provided.
        
           | roflc0ptic wrote:
           | This is also "sins of the father" style reasoning. The fact
           | that other people did a thing in the past doesn't mean I
           | agree or support it. I have ancestors who fought with the
           | confederacy; does this mean I shouldn't be opposed to human
           | trafficking in 2022? I think that would be an unreasonable
           | jump to make.
        
             | ratww wrote:
             | Exactly.
             | 
             | This is a very weak argument for something that is so
             | damaging as letting the forest be destroyed for what is
             | virtually zero economical gain to the population.
        
         | Sporktacular wrote:
         | Why should we also not point fingers? Deforestation fell
         | dramatically under Lula while inequality fell and the economy
         | grew quickly.
         | 
         | What "we" did in the past means environmental protection should
         | be subsidised by the west, but our history doesn't let Brazil's
         | government off the hook.
        
           | orbital223 wrote:
           | Both deforestation and inequality fall when the economy does
           | better and rise in times of economic crisis.
           | 
           | The economic improvement "under" Lula was mostly due to
           | international factors (the boon in the price of commodities)
           | which is why it collapsed under Dilma (Lula's protege).
           | 
           | Instead of using the economic surplus that fell into his lap
           | to invest in infrastructure and industrialization, Lula used
           | it to fund the largest corruption scheme in our history.
        
             | cauefcr wrote:
             | Well, just you wait for the 100 year Bolsonaro bullshit
             | censoring of his government corruption
             | https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2021-08-08/cem-anos-de-
             | prot... to be lifted, and such number is likely to be
             | updated, and also, Lula did not get convicted.
             | 
             | Edit: trickle down economics has no basis in reality
             | either.
        
         | andrekandre wrote:
         | > we should offer economically viable solutions rather than
         | pointing fingers
         | 
         | while i agree with you, i cant think of anything off the top of
         | my head...any ideas?
        
           | ratww wrote:
           | The current government is heavily favouring the export of
           | primary and finite resources.
           | 
           | If people from other countries really want Brazilian economy
           | to get off the ground, they should want Brazil to export
           | processed and manufactured goods, or other sectors.
           | 
           | Treating Brazil like a big farm is doing neither Brazil nor
           | the environment any favours.
           | 
           | The "We should't criticise Brazil, let them do what we also
           | did before" is not only hypocritical, it's also counter-
           | intuitive and very self-serving!
        
             | mbg721 wrote:
             | If Brazil is a big farm, is Argentina a big ranch? Or is
             | there less of a difference than I'm perceiving?
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | I can't speak for Argentina, but Brazil is a farm/ranch
               | mix, I guess. We do both.
        
         | ErikVandeWater wrote:
         | They have economically viable solutions. They're just not
         | politically viable because the current system is designed for
         | the profit of wealthy cartels.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Politicians don't care about long-term problems. This is what
         | we should fix.
        
         | goatcode wrote:
         | This of course applies to all environmental issues, both
         | foreign and domestic. There would be a lot more partnership and
         | a lot less animosity if we universally adhered to your notion.
         | We might actually get something done!
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | There is a good talk by an economist who basically said he
           | was all exited to learn about optimal solution to those
           | problems and then he went to a meeting where farmer were
           | basically fighting people who wanted to reintroduce wolf. And
           | he realized nobody cared how the optimal solution.
           | 
           | Since then he works on trying to come up with solution that
           | doesn't lead to the two groups trying to lynch each other.
        
             | cute_boi wrote:
             | Well, this is a common problem. Most of us don't care about
             | each other if there are costs. We mostly care about self
             | interest due to inner greed.
        
               | goatcode wrote:
               | Very true -- even among those who put on a facade of
               | altruism. Those who are extreme about it have often had
               | other motivations, and it ultimately boiled down to
               | selfishness (either for material resource or personal
               | safety, or for social rewards for appearing a certain
               | way). It truly is sad!
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | Agree. Imagine outsiders telling you that half your country is
         | untouchable. I wonder if some future carbon credit system could
         | pay them for the carbon sequestration that the Brazilian Amazon
         | provides.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | And those countries really aren't making their own cities
           | much much much denser and replanting trees in freed up
           | space...
        
           | ratww wrote:
           | _> Imagine outsiders telling you that half your country is
           | untouchable_
           | 
           | As a Brazilian, I would be completely ok with that. We can
           | handle people telling us those things.
        
             | Aerroon wrote:
             | > _As a Brazilian, I would be completely ok with that. We
             | can handle people telling us those things._
             | 
             | Would you? Because this would absolutely escalate from
             | words to actions. I could foresee this leading to quotas
             | that if they're not met carry economic sanctions with them.
             | That doesn't improve Brazil, does it?
             | 
             | Sovereignty means that _nobody_ outside of Brazil gets a
             | say without offering something major in return.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | _> That doesn 't improve Brazil, does it?_
               | 
               | I happen to believe that it does.
               | 
               | In the worst case, we get to keep the forest.
               | 
               |  _> Sovereignty means that nobody outside of Brazil gets
               | a say without offering something major in return._
               | 
               | First world countries used to give us money for keeping
               | the forest but the current government (prior to 2019,
               | "the annual donations to the Amazon Fund have amounted to
               | nearly $1.3 billion" [1]). We could get back to that.
               | 
               | However I also happen to believe that, at best, the
               | deforestation part is not important for Brazil's economy
               | at all.
               | 
               | Several others have mentioned [2][3] (and I agree with
               | them) that the deforestation part is actually _damaging_
               | to the economy and to the livelihood of law-following
               | Brazilians, and is borne out of illegal activity.
               | 
               | The current government could just start following the
               | (Brazilian) law and the issue would disappear. Ah, but
               | police is expensive, you say. Well, they could have used
               | the 1.3 billion from EU/US. Maybe a new government will
               | be able to get that back, one can only hope.
               | 
               | [1] https://gizmodo.com/big-donors-are-pulling-out-of-
               | brazils-am...
               | 
               | [2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32154495
               | 
               | [3] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32152630
        
             | boeingUH60 wrote:
             | >As a Brazilian, I would be completely ok with that.
             | 
             | Well, that's your view, and you have the right to have it.
             | But, it's likely that the majority doesn't agree.
             | 
             | Besides, if you ask me, outsiders that tell a country to
             | not cut down their forests for economic/monetary purposes
             | should pay for that privilege. That's not to talk of the
             | arrogance of outsiders telling someone what to do.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | Brazil is a "grown up" country. We can handle criticism.
               | We don't need people being condescending to us about what
               | others can or can't say to us. Let us brazilians defend
               | ourselves, please?
               | 
               | Another reason I'm fine with criticism is because the
               | people saying "let Brazil deforest, we also did it" are
               | the ones being favoured by Brazil fucking up the country.
               | Europeans/Americans/Chinese are enjoying cheap Brazilian
               | primary sector imports to the detriment of the rest of
               | the Brazilian population.
               | 
               | I also completely disagree that in 2022 Brazil will turn
               | into a developed country by being a colony.
        
       | Pmop wrote:
       | I live close and know people who livelihoods depends on that
       | forest. Believe it or not, it's not the farmers or loggers fault.
       | Their livelihoods depends on that forest. Farmers depend on the
       | rain cycle. Loggers depend on the forest staying healthy, so new
       | trees grow so they can keep their business going. Illegal logging
       | does happen but it isn't their fault exclusively either.
       | 
       | The root cause is illegal occupation and settlement of land.
       | People invade other people's land, often federal land, they cut
       | down all of the trees, they burn it down, so they can clear it to
       | set up makeshift camps. They then split and sell the land. Once
       | there are people living on it, it's pretty much a lost cause due
       | to how loosely enforced private ownership of land is, specially
       | federal land. Also, it's a lucrative business, and involves
       | corruption in all levels. People affected by it, like loggers who
       | lose their property and livelihoods can hardly do anything, since
       | the invaders will often get violent and the State wont do
       | anything.
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | that seems like a situation where one should fight fire with
         | fire.
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | Just to be clear, you're advocating for setting fire to
           | people's homes?
        
             | anigbrowl wrote:
             | No, I'm advocating maintaining tactical parity. 'fight fire
             | with a fire' is a fairly common metaphor for reciprocal
             | action.
        
         | guilherme-puida wrote:
         | I really want to see some sources to those claims.
         | 
         | Illegal farmers and loggers have no interest in preserving the
         | forest. They can just completely destroy some area, then move
         | around to another one and start it all over again. Even farmers
         | don't want to spend too much time in the same place if they can
         | help it, the soil in the Amazon isn't that good for farming
         | after a few harvests.
        
         | Wertigoyr wrote:
         | There are plenty of satellite picture showing deforestation
         | without people living on it.
         | 
         | Any further sources?
        
       | skilled wrote:
       | It's not unheard of that in Africa many groups/tribes form
       | together to fight back against poachers. Is there anything like
       | this happening in the Amazon rainforest?
       | 
       | And if no, then why not? Do people think a politician with his
       | fancy suit is going to step his foot into the swamp to try and
       | meet halfway?
       | 
       | These assholes are literally destroying the world and the human
       | race is none the wiser....
       | 
       | I sometimes wonder what would happen if rather than trying to
       | evolve on a technological level, humanity evolved to protect and
       | harmonize this world.
       | 
       | Holy shit it's not even funny the level of ignorance that
       | permeates topics of destroying the Earth.
        
         | zach_garwood wrote:
         | There have been fights between Amazonian tribes and landowners.
         | The tribes are relocated (or killed).
        
         | dormento wrote:
         | We had deaths reported just this week, by Sonia Guajajara who
         | represents one of the most prominent indigenous people's
         | association and is running in the next elections.
         | 
         | The thing is, in the end, its often poacher/miners shooting at
         | unarmed people, often in the middle of the jungle, far away
         | from the effective jurisdiction of whoever else would care. And
         | the very insitutions that could oversee and act to prevent
         | violence have been sistematically dismantled by the current
         | fascist-in-chief, either by removing key people or by being
         | financially strangled.
         | 
         | But hey, at least now you won't lose your license for speeding
         | and buying ammo is easier than ever.
        
         | vitorbaptistaa wrote:
         | Of course. The local tribes are fighting the invaders since
         | 1500.
        
         | guilherme-puida wrote:
         | > It's not unheard of that in Africa many groups/tribes form
         | together to fight back against poachers. Is there anything like
         | this happening in the Amazon rainforest?
         | 
         | There is. People just get killed and everything is swept under
         | the rug.
        
       | rodolphoarruda wrote:
       | Wood extraction in the Amazon is a crime. It's aggravated crime
       | if done in indigenous lands. It's aggravated even more if done
       | for illegal mining activities. The state police (civil and
       | military) from the various Brazilian states that compose the
       | Amazon forest has the legal obligation to investigate and arrest
       | criminals within the region. The problem is the region is just
       | too big. But let's assume that somehow all those criminals lose
       | their ability to profit on the product of their crimes
       | altogether, within a 5 to 10 years time span, all the vegetation
       | would be naturally restored. The Amazon forest is unstoppable.
       | 
       | I live in the state of Sao Paulo, far from the Amazon forest, and
       | the vegetation here requires a lot of work to be tamed. If you
       | leave an empty allotment 2 or 3 months without any care, you will
       | get knee height grass and all sorts of "exotic" plants coming out
       | of the ground. The Amazon is orders of magnitude more aggressive
       | than this one.
       | 
       | So once you stop the illegal activity, the forest will come back.
       | The problem is not the forest, but the people -- indigenous or
       | not -- affected by the illegal activities. Recently we saw
       | headlines about the murder of two people in the region, an
       | activist and a journalist. So many others have died when they
       | crossed paths with criminals. This is a humanitarian problem
       | before an ecological problem.
        
         | Sporktacular wrote:
         | The problem is that the current government doesn't WANT to
         | investigate and arrest criminals. They cut funding, merged
         | environmental protection and indigenous affairs into the
         | agricultural ministry. This is well documented.
         | 
         | The forest is on the edge of becoming a net carbon producer for
         | the first time. This doesn't simply reverse when it regrows
         | from some saplings. Its capacity to create clouds to replenish
         | water is already heavily compromised. When that stops this
         | simply doesn't reverse. When you burn sections without first
         | clearing it of its animal populations they perish, destroying
         | the ecosystems that often needs animals to help germinate new
         | trees. The mercury used for illegal gold mining doesn't just go
         | out of the river and back into the bottle. Billions of animals
         | die from these actions and the results will be irreversible.
         | 
         | To call the Amazon unstoppable, to say that the humans that are
         | dying is the real problem, smacks of the ignorance that has led
         | us to this point.
        
           | ElectricalUnion wrote:
           | > The forest is on the edge of becoming a net carbon producer
           | for the first time.
           | 
           | Forests in general are stable - _carbon neutral_, unless
           | disturbed. Oceans are where most of the Earth oxygen is
           | converted from CO2.
           | 
           | The real reason why Brazil needs to save the Amazon, for
           | South America, is water supply - rain forest induced water
           | evaporation is main source of water for the Rio de la Plata
           | basin - where several of the biggest and developed cities in
           | the South America are.
        
         | ElectricalUnion wrote:
         | > But let's assume that somehow all those criminals lose their
         | ability to profit on the product of their crimes altogether,
         | within a 5 to 10 years time span, all the vegetation would be
         | naturally restored. The Amazon forest is unstoppable.
         | 
         | Recent research points out that the Amazon (and in fact most
         | Earth's supposedly wild) rainforest is a elaborate example of
         | centuries of forest bio-engineering, and it doesn't simply
         | recover if abandoned; decaying into desert instead. Further
         | bio-engineering would be required to repair it to it's
         | "original" state.
        
       | niahmiah wrote:
       | Unless you live there, there is nothing you can do about it.
       | Nothing to hack, no news.
        
         | spillguard wrote:
         | I'm not sure I agree with this point. What if this news article
         | is the spark that inspires someone to hack together a solution
         | for awareness of the issue? Or maybe create an alternative for
         | some of the imports that the Amazon is being cut down to
         | create? This issue may be happening in Brazil, but it affects
         | everyone (as the forest is a major carbon sink) and can
         | definitely be affected by others, given time.
        
         | thatguy0900 wrote:
         | Even if you live there, there is probably not that much to do
         | about it. Too much money involved
        
       | 9dev wrote:
       | Maybe, and this is a big maybe, we should think about whether
       | some countries have a disproportionately large access to, or
       | responsibility for, resources relevant to all of humanity.
       | 
       | Specifically, I would like to question if Brazil can or even
       | should be trusted to handle the Amazon forest in a responsible
       | manner. Over the past decades, objectively, it has shown that the
       | country, or maybe primarily its government, doesn't: The forest
       | is continuously decimated, ever faster, with full and open
       | support by the government itself.
       | 
       | Considering that the Amazon is of broader concern than just
       | Brazil's jurisdiction alone, would it -- and I'd include other,
       | similar areas around the globe here too -- make sense to move
       | administration to a more responsible body, the UN for example
       | (not specifically the UN, but you get the idea)?
       | 
       | This may sound offensive to you for all kinds of reasons,
       | especially if you're Brazilian, and I sincerely apologise for
       | that. But please consider that maybe the challenges ahead of
       | humanity as a whole require new solutions, new ways to think
       | about who "owns" land?
        
         | Aerroon wrote:
         | And how many millions of people are you willing to kill for
         | this? Because you're essentially suggesting that the rest of
         | the world should invade and occupy the _sovereign_ territory of
         | a nation with 200 million people.
         | 
         | There is a snowball's chance in hell that anybody would
         | willingly agree to this. Any kind of scheme you can come up
         | with is guaranteed to cause more issues that will harm
         | Brazilians.
         | 
         | Other people telling you how to live your life is a recipe for
         | disaster. One that we've seen over and over again.
        
         | ElectricalUnion wrote:
         | > Maybe, and this is a big maybe, we should think about whether
         | some countries have a disproportionately large access to, or
         | responsibility for, resources relevant to all of humanity.
         | 
         | The problem is that this logic extends to most very large
         | countries in the world.
         | 
         | Are you gonna also appropriate Russia, Canada, China and United
         | States of America land? Who is gonna police all of that? Does
         | the rest of humanity have the collective firepower to stop,
         | say, "just China" and "just the United States of America" from
         | ruining the environment? I don't think this is feasible.
        
         | krainboltgreene wrote:
         | Ah, the imperialist approach.
        
           | 9dev wrote:
           | No, it's different. I'm not suggesting "the west" taking
           | control of the Amazon, but humanity as a whole. The other
           | option is hoping for the best or trusting a corrupt
           | government to do the right thing for the rest of the globe.
           | It hasn't worked well yet.
        
             | kennywinker wrote:
             | What incorruptible body could take control of the amazon on
             | behalf of humanity? How would we chose its leaders? Who
             | decides what is protected and what isn't?
        
               | 9dev wrote:
               | No body is incorruptible. But less corrupt would
               | certainly be a step forward, no?
               | 
               | I would suggest something like a global conservation fund
               | responsible for guarding critical "infrastructure" of our
               | planet. At some point, we will need to take action to
               | prevent earth from becoming inhospitable, and this
               | requires steering. Merely admitting defeat to greedy
               | human nature doesn't seem to lead anywhere.
        
               | kennywinker wrote:
               | What troops do we send if Brazilians cut down trees after
               | we tell them it's protected? Do we have to back coups to
               | put in place a government that respects the global
               | conservation fund if one rejects it?
               | 
               | You're just describing imperialism one step removed.
               | 
               | Saying we need structural change, but not more top down
               | control, isn't throwing my hands up and admitting defeat
               | to greedy human nature.
        
         | kennywinker wrote:
         | What that sounds a lot like to my ears is "white man's burden".
         | I.e. we the developed world have a responsibility to control
         | and parent the developing world because they can't do it
         | themselves.
         | 
         | I'm no expert in what's happening on the ground in the amazon,
         | but the story used to be clearing amazon to raise cattle to
         | sell to mcdonalds. Idk if that's still the case, but i'd be
         | willing to bet that the thing driving deforestation is resource
         | extraction for global markets.
         | 
         | It's temping to try to police brazil's extraction, but the far
         | less paternalistic and colonial thing to do would be to police
         | our own demand for what they're cutting down the rainforest to
         | provide.
        
           | 9dev wrote:
           | > What that sounds a lot like to my ears is "white man's
           | burden". I.e. we the developed world have a responsibility to
           | control and parent the developing world because they can't do
           | it themselves.
           | 
           | The difference here being that it's not about taking control
           | of the developing world, but saving resources humanity as a
           | whole requires to keep earth habitable for us - this affects
           | everyone, poor or rich. It's just that Brazil, right now, has
           | a very unfortunate combination of a corrupt government, very
           | valuable resources, and responsibility for the integrity of
           | the forest.
           | 
           | > It's temping to try to police brazil's extraction, but the
           | far less paternalistic and colonial thing to do would be to
           | police our own demand for what they're cutting down the
           | rainforest to provide.
           | 
           | That isn't mutually exclusive. At the very least, there
           | should be sanctions put into place until Brazil starts
           | actually trying to prevent extraction, not actively
           | supporting it. But I could still see a global organization
           | responsible for keeping core areas intact.
        
             | kennywinker wrote:
             | > It's just that Brazil, right now, has a very unfortunate
             | combination of a corrupt government, very valuable
             | resources, and responsibility for the integrity of the
             | forest.
             | 
             | That's not an accident. Not misfortune. That's a result of
             | western colonialism. I'm no expert in brazil, but its
             | history includes colonial governments, CIA backed coups,
             | and IMF influence.
             | 
             | It doesn't have a bad gov because whoops we elected a bad
             | guy in 2019. It has a bad gov because throughout its entire
             | history western govs and corporations have been exercising
             | influence to be allowed to pilfer its resources.
        
               | 9dev wrote:
               | I do share your perspective, and think the same of the
               | middle east and lots of African countries. That blame
               | game doesn't solve the problem, however.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Europe is still deforesting. Uplift all Brazilians till they have
       | the same standard of living or sit it out.
        
       | hestefisk wrote:
       | First step is to get rid of their climate change-denying madman
       | President.
        
         | Aerroon wrote:
         | What are you suggesting here? That western countries should
         | assassinate an elected world leader? Or that western countries
         | should influence the next _democratic_ elections?
         | 
         | If you don't see an issue here, then imagine if you were
         | talking about the USA. Should other countries "get rid of" the
         | US president if they don't like his policies?
        
       | zerop wrote:
       | As consumers of Wooden furniture and so much new housing
       | construction happening around the work, we all are to be blamed
       | too. We need to invent alternate to wooden furniture.
        
         | frozenlettuce wrote:
         | I'm Brazilian and I have a blast watching Property Brothers.
         | "Oh, and I placed brazilian hardwood for the whole living room
         | floor" - that is fancy in Canada, but here I would be arrested
         | if I did that. Guess that I should lower my head even more for
         | not being self-hating enough.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | The majority of the Brazilian rainforest isn't even being razed
         | for furniture wood. It's simply burned down to provide for one
         | season of feeding cows for meat or to plant soy to feed the
         | cows.
         | 
         | Then it's gone. Forever.
        
           | lvass wrote:
           | >Forever
           | 
           | No. In fact, evidence suggests most of the rainforest was in
           | fact laid by humans. It's artificially mostly made of trees
           | with edible produce like acai and brazil nut.
        
             | Sporktacular wrote:
             | Yes, forever. And no it wasn't. The rainforest has existed
             | for tens of millions of years (and has species much) older
             | than humans have inhabited South America. And while they
             | shaped it, there is NO way suggests we could just regrow
             | it, even if we could organise the manpower and political
             | will.
             | 
             | When the forest loses the capacity to create clouds, it is
             | game over. It will never be the same again, and that's just
             | one of many of non-linear effects at work.
        
         | makerofspoons wrote:
         | Logging is actually only a tiny fraction of why the Amazon is
         | being cleared: https://www.internetgeography.net/what-are-the-
         | causes-of-def...
         | 
         | It's mostly being used for agriculture.
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | Timber is a red herring. Beef is the real problem.
        
         | vixen99 wrote:
         | So if it isn't plastic made from fossil fuels, what do you
         | suggest?
         | 
         | Apparently the global human mass excluding humans themselves
         | who comprise 0.01% of the global biomass but including our
         | constructions in concrete, asphalt, aggregates, bricks, plastic
         | & glass exceeded the global biomass back in 2020. The same
         | report claims that this anthropogenic mass doubles every 20
         | years. I wonder what the thermal capacity of all this is let
         | alone other manifest concerns.
         | 
         | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-3010-5
        
         | is_true wrote:
         | Actually wooden furniture is a great way to sequester carbon
        
         | smileysteve wrote:
         | Bamboo, Hemp, and post consumer paper /plastic/fiberglass
         | composite.
        
         | pastor_bob wrote:
         | Most American wooden furniture is Domestic hardwood
        
       | cute_boi wrote:
       | Well, western countries also have some role in such destruction
       | if we look deeply. Brazil cut amazon for animal farming and
       | wealthy people & countries are the ones who import beef.
       | Countries like China, the US, and the EU are major importers of
       | Beef. Maybe these news articles also blame them?
       | 
       | Brazil isn't a developed country and many people live under the
       | belt of poverty. So, what are they supposed to do? In addition,
       | corruption has made their life miserable. This is such a hard
       | problem to solve.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.statista.com/statistics/617492/beef-and-veal-
       | exp...
        
         | Sporktacular wrote:
         | This is economy vs. environment dichotomy is just lazy. "So,
         | what are they supposed to do?" Not destroy a forest which
         | belongs to every Brazilian to further enrich elite ranchers,
         | agribusinesses and mining firms. This is the corruption you are
         | talking about.
         | 
         | It's not a hard problem - we know good governance is the
         | solution, as it has been in the past. The incompetence and
         | corruption of the current government are costing Brazil far
         | more than the opportunity cost of not exploiting the forest.
         | Doing so is such an inefficient solution, providing temporary
         | gains for a few while leading to enormous hidden costs for
         | literally everyone in the future.
         | 
         | So sure, there should be import tariffs or bans on Brazilian
         | beef, even sanctions on loggers, miners and ranchers etc. but
         | the next significant step is to get this government out.
        
       | fdsafdsfdsa wrote:
       | What is morally and ethically worse - eating an animal fed and
       | raised domestically, or eating soy-laiden "plant-based" foods
       | that were grown on recently-raized rainforest several thousand
       | miles away?
       | 
       | It's our demand for goods that is causing this.
        
         | cute_boi wrote:
         | Most soybeans are used as animal fed. Also, the feeding animal
         | 10KG to get 1KG looks rather wasteful? Lastly, you missed the
         | methane pollution, water usage, ethics etc..
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed_conversion_ratio
        
           | fdsafdsfdsa wrote:
           | I'm fully aware of that, which is why I said "domestically
           | FED and raised".
           | 
           | >Also, the feeding animal 10KG to get 1KG looks rather
           | wasteful?
           | 
           | Depends heavily on what animal product you are producing.
           | Obviously we won't be eating beef all the time. It also
           | depends on what kind of farmland you have available, and what
           | uses those crops have.
           | 
           | Where I am (Wales, UK), the combination of the farmer' lobby
           | and the "Welsh culture and heritage" lobby has meant that
           | largely unprofitable sheep farming has been subsidised, and
           | what should be productive wooded hillside makes lamb that no-
           | one wants. I'm not saying that raising animals is always the
           | best use of land.
        
             | cute_boi wrote:
             | Domestically fed and raised doesn't work in real world.
             | There are so many people to feed.
        
               | fdsafdsfdsa wrote:
               | Pretty clearly you would have to radically re-think how
               | much animal produce you would get to eat. Also -
               | countries like The Netherlands have a strong tradition of
               | backyard chickens to suppliment a household's diet.
        
         | kzrdude wrote:
         | Many of the domestically raised animals still eat imported
         | soybeans.
        
           | fdsafdsfdsa wrote:
           | How many of the animals that are
           | 
           | >"Domestically FED and raised"
           | 
           | ??
        
       | rswskg wrote:
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
        
           | leoff wrote:
           | losing all the trees would improve the climate? We have to
           | pump these numbers up!
        
         | rozularen wrote:
         | How can I report this comment? I find it offensive.
        
           | superchroma wrote:
        
           | judge2020 wrote:
           | > How do I flag a comment?
           | 
           | > Click on its timestamp to go to its page, then click the
           | 'flag' link at the top. There's a small karma threshold
           | before flag links appear.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsfaq.html
           | 
           | The threshold is supposedly 31 karma[0] so you should already
           | be allowed to do it.
           | 
           | 0: https://github.com/minimaxir/hacker-news-
           | undocumented#flaggi...
        
         | Bayart wrote:
         | Brazil not existing doesn't imply the land wouldn't be used.
         | And to settled populations such as we are, striping forest to
         | plant crops comes as natural as breathing. The Amazon forest
         | would be stripped as long as it's economically viable to do so,
         | regardless of who governs it.
        
         | hodder wrote:
         | How would one model such a thing? The carbon sink is not
         | material.
         | 
         | What value do you place on the biodiversity and unique species
         | of plants and animals that live there?
         | 
         | At some point people need to just recognize and protect
         | intangibles.
        
           | boosteri wrote:
           | Let's wait for a little bit longer till we exploit ours
           | fully. We can then U-turn and start /exporting/ the /conserve
           | and protect/ mentality aggressively /s
        
       | hsavit1 wrote:
       | If humanity cares about its existence in the long term then we
       | simply cannot clear cut the amazon.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | If we really cared about climate we would ban everything
         | wasteful. Like useless internet services and companies. Do we
         | need social media or media in general to survive?
        
       | stonepresto wrote:
       | There seem to be two lines of thinking:
       | 
       | 1. Who are we (US, Canada, China - heavily developed nations) to
       | criticize?
       | 
       | 2. Bolsonaro is bad mkay
       | 
       | I think the root of the problem in both situations is people in
       | power both in the government and out of it who do not seek
       | sustainability and often are susceptible to corruption or
       | influence. In both situations, the profits did not go to your
       | average human.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | tambourine_man wrote:
       | Its president is committed in destroying it.
       | 
       | This meeting between Bolsonaro and Al Gore seems like a comedy
       | sketch:
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=CPpH7FRFcY0&t=65
        
       | slothtrop wrote:
       | China is not going to curb its demand for Brazilian products on
       | this basis. The EU hypothetically could, but try to sell price
       | increases to the public.
        
       | harnomik wrote:
       | That's 18 a second too much..
        
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