[HN Gopher] A public school in Florida built America's greatest ...
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       A public school in Florida built America's greatest math team
        
       Author : jbredeche
       Score  : 205 points
       Date   : 2022-07-18 03:47 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
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       | dmix wrote:
       | Apparently Frazer doesn't have a teaching degree, he only has a
       | bachelors in accounting. I'm curious if that played a role in his
       | thinking.
        
         | kevmo wrote:
         | I believe his father and father-in-law were math professors (I
         | did a little digging, because I live in the area and did Mu
         | Alpha Theta to little success in high school).
        
       | mplewis9z wrote:
       | I went to Eastside High School (also in Gainesville, FL, and
       | bitter rivals) and was on the MAO team there. It was always so
       | satisfying when you managed to beat the Buchholz team at
       | competitions (even if it was their underclassmen), just because
       | they were so dominant even a decade ago.
       | 
       | Weird to see Frazer still kicking, all the Eastside math teachers
       | seem to move on pretty quickly.
        
       | wwarner wrote:
       | Great article, and raises the bar for what can be achieved at a
       | young age. But it's about building a winning team and not so much
       | about broadly improving math education.
        
       | visarga wrote:
       | Reminds me of the math education system in my country when I was
       | a kid, but it was all about the Math Olympiad. They found the
       | most promising kids and invited them to form a club where they
       | got instructed above and beyond the curriculum. Kids got to know
       | each other and form friendships, got motivated by cooperation and
       | competition. This is all besides regular school.
        
         | frozencell wrote:
         | Good, me too. But the rest is sadly unpriviliged.
        
       | bdastous wrote:
       | "It turned out there was value in putting a bunch of smart kids
       | in the same room: They feel empowered to make each other
       | smarter."
       | 
       | It's too bad this is no longer in fashion with the educational
       | establishment.
        
         | fuzzfactor wrote:
         | This is also an important step not to skip:
         | 
         | >the pipeline for the high school's math team must begin long
         | before students reach high school, so Mr. Frazer searches for
         | prospects in elementary school and steers them to accelerated
         | math classes in middle school.
         | 
         | >"You wouldn't grab a kid in ninth grade who's never played
         | football and expect him to be a great high-school football
         | player," he said. "For most of these kids, this is their
         | football."
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | nopinsight wrote:
       | I used to teach competitive math problems. An observation: These
       | math challenges resemble real-world problems much more than
       | routine textbook stuff.
       | 
       | You need to apply knowledge from disparate areas, combine them
       | creatively, prod it and often fail several times before you get
       | it right.
       | 
       | It's a good way to prepare one's kids (or oneself) to solve hard
       | problems in real life.
       | 
       | I'd also argue such problems ought to be part of the curriculum
       | for "normal" kids too. They might just more time and hints along
       | the way than gifted kids. Once they get the taste of solving
       | interesting problems from a young age, they might enjoy math more
       | as well.
       | 
       | Note how many kids are attracted to games---some of which are
       | objectively more challenging than routine school math problems.
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | Have you got resources to recommend? That's exactly the kind of
         | thing I want for my kids, but apart from a blob of questions
         | from my old math teacher, I don't have any.
        
           | nopinsight wrote:
           | Art of Problem Solving is a great site for that:
           | https://artofproblemsolving.com/online
           | 
           | Some contest problems for older kids: https://artofproblemsol
           | ving.com/wiki/index.php/AMC_Problems_...
           | 
           | There are also online gifted programs, incl at John Hopkins'
           | Center for Talented Youth. The center is quite well-known in
           | the gifted education community, with many famous alumni.
           | 
           | https://cty.jhu.edu/
           | 
           | https://hub.jhu.edu/2019/10/24/center-for-talented-
           | youth-40t...
        
             | AlanYx wrote:
             | It's worth mentioning that the John Hopkins' program takes
             | students worldwide; it's not US-only.
        
           | a99wang wrote:
           | Aside from the Art of Problem Solving books mentioned by
           | others, you may find https://web.evanchen.cc/faq-contest.html
           | worth reading. I learnt a lot about math (contests (strategy,
           | experience), undergraduate material, etc.) and more by deep-
           | diving into Evan's site.
        
           | qsort wrote:
           | (not parent, but I used to do that thing as well and you
           | might find this helpful)
           | 
           | It depends on their age and skill level. It goes without
           | saying that younger kids need more guidance if they aren't
           | extremely motivated.
           | 
           | This is worth looking into: https://artofproblemsolving.com,
           | it's kind of the go-to website for the competitive math
           | community. There are a lot of free high-quality resources on
           | the wiki, and they sell courses and books.
           | 
           | A couple classic books: https://www.amazon.com/Art-Craft-
           | Problem-Solving-3E/dp/11194...
           | https://www.amazon.com/Problem-Solving-Strategies-Problem-
           | Bo...
           | 
           | And obviously, competition problems! For example, this is the
           | AMC: https://amc-reg.maa.org/default.aspx; competition
           | websites usually have an archive of past editions freely
           | available. Studying past problems is the meat and potatoes of
           | actual competition training. Make sure they are age
           | appropriate, because the difficulty level ramps up VERY fast.
        
         | qsort wrote:
         | I used to do that too. First as a competitor, then for my
         | national organization, and now I'm back at my former high
         | school as a coach.
         | 
         | There's a very large variety of difficulty levels in math
         | competitions. You go from almost trivial to olympiad level (=
         | almost impossible even for most professional mathematicians).
         | 
         | That level also steadily increases as time goes on. Problems
         | from the same competitions are already vastly more difficult
         | than ten years ago, when I used to compete. Might be that I'm
         | growing white hair, but it's almost unbelievable what the very
         | top kids can do. They're very, very, very good.
         | 
         | > I'd also argue such problems ought to be part of the
         | curriculum for "normal" kids too.
         | 
         | I wish there was a way to do it. I agree that the educational
         | value is simply off the charts, but even low-level competitions
         | are way too hard if you won't train, and most kids
         | understandably won't.
        
           | nopinsight wrote:
           | > I wish there was a way to do it. I agree that the
           | educational value is simply off the charts, but even low-
           | level competitions are way too hard if you won't train, and
           | most kids understandably won't.
           | 
           | It does require a different approach for most kids. An
           | effective approach would involve some or all of the following
           | components:                  - interactivity        - visual
           | imagery        - gamification        - social problem solving
           | - customized problem set
           | 
           | Technology will probably need to play a major role since
           | teachers cannot do all of these for a large group of
           | students.
        
       | fspeech wrote:
       | While congratulations are in order for the team I don't know by
       | what standards the writer judges them to be the "greatest". I
       | have not heard of "Mu Alpha Theta" until reading this article.
       | The standard (as in "most participated") math competition
       | sequence is AMC 10/12, AIME, USA(J)MO, IMO. For teams Math Count
       | (for middle schoolers) and ARML are also popular. The winners at
       | these events are so exceptional it is hard to see a formula to
       | their success other than extraordinary talents and efforts. That
       | being said I did observe that in my son's public high school the
       | math team members very much teach and inspire each other.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | (M)(A)(TH)
         | 
         | i guess it's a for-fun name?
        
         | teacherscrub18 wrote:
         | Sure the WINNERS are exceptional. They would be in any
         | competition. The great part is that just preparing (practicing)
         | makes people stronger problem solvers. Which is not the case in
         | typical maths schoolwork.
         | 
         | To echo the parent, though: the school is NOT bragging about
         | success on AMC contests. Probably because they do not have it.
         | 
         | Similar prep with a strong group of incoming students does work
         | to produce successful AMC and AIME results, I can attest.
        
           | gloryjulio wrote:
           | > Which is not the case in typical maths schoolwork.
           | 
           | Because their 'preparations' usually suck. As someone has
           | gone down the path many years ago (think pre 00), the problem
           | is that many teachers didn't teach the right way to tackle
           | the hard problem consistently. I quit the math olympic class
           | half way in high school because I couldn't keep up with it
           | anymore, as I was only brute forcing. I only learnt how to
           | consistently tackle hard problems and being self
           | introspective to maintain the high performance relatively
           | easily many years later when I joined the workforce and being
           | much better at learning.
           | 
           | I feel like this kind knowledge is lost in the current
           | schools especially under circumstances, where let the
           | students to explore their best potentials are no longer the
           | goal.
           | 
           | And many ppl like me only rediscovered how to learn and work
           | hard correctly and joyfully after adulthood through various
           | online articles and videos.
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | > Because their 'preparations' usually suck.
             | 
             | I think we're much better off now, thanks to Art of Problem
             | Solving's Alcumus, Richard Rusczyk, all the top-tier video
             | lessons out there, etc-- along with just things like being
             | able to hand out Khan practice for general math topics.
             | We're getting much better at teaching top students how to
             | solve hard problems (and, as a result, the AMC8/10/12,
             | AIME, Olympiads, MathCounts, et al... are getting much
             | harder-- these days if you want to prepare for the AMC8 you
             | should be studying old AMC10 problems).
             | 
             | The same can't be said about overall societal performance
             | in teaching the entire population.
        
       | awsrocks wrote:
        
       | ramesh31 wrote:
       | There's definitely nothing telling about public education in a
       | city with 20% black and 50% hispanic population being completely
       | unrepresented on a team of dozens of kids. I'm sure that the
       | "identifying talent" that's happening here is completely
       | equitable and inclusive. I'm sure all the brown kids sitting in
       | overcrowded classes are having a great time watching the white
       | and asian kids go off to their special treatment with dedicated
       | tutoring. This is _exactly_ how our system of class based
       | privilege perpetuates itself.
        
         | frozencell wrote:
         | Reminds me the American math team which finally beaten the
         | Chinese in a national competition.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/HolUp/comments/nkhgcs/american_math...
        
         | ryan93 wrote:
         | You are gonna have to provide some evidence. very unlikely this
         | teacher wouldnt enthusiastically accept black or hispanic
         | students
        
           | yieldcrv wrote:
           | Its rare thats its any specific individual
           | 
           | The ancestor commenter is cynically pointing out that support
           | systems are major factors in why the other students are more
           | disproportionately not signaling potential to begin with
           | 
           | It is great that individuals picked are applying themselves
           | and doing the work, it is noticeable this has some selective
           | evolution towards some ethnicities pretty reliably, it is not
           | recognizing how a deeper holistic solution can address the
           | disparity in how other students can be motivated and
           | presented with opportunities or how their home circumstance
           | and support systems can be addressed
        
         | sdfhdhjdw3 wrote:
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | The team member above states there were black and Native
         | members so you are incorrect
        
         | beams_of_light wrote:
         | I have two kids. One of them was an "honor" student from 6th
         | grade on.
         | 
         | The difference was one teacher. My younger one was tapped by
         | their teacher for a special program in 5th grade that put her
         | in a class with other "smart" kids for a day each week in 6th
         | grade. From there, those kids blossomed to honors classes
         | later.
         | 
         | For my other kid, the distractions in classrooms full of kids
         | who didn't care about learning proved to be too much at times.
         | The honor student had to occasionally take classes with
         | "normal" students, and found the environment very distracting.
         | It matters how much the kids in the class want to learn, as
         | opposed to make fun of each other and the teacher, or be
         | disruptive in other ways. The older one still did fine, has a
         | degree and a job, but it was a struggle.
         | 
         | So, I get your point. I have strongly felt for a long time now
         | that even average students should have received the experience
         | my honor student did in 6th grade. It was a great break from
         | the average day of going from class to class, broke up the
         | monotony of standard curriculum, and provided those kids with a
         | good foundation for thinking out of the box and learning to
         | learn in a focused environment. It provided a clear pathway
         | through honors curriculum in classrooms full of students and
         | teachers who cared.
         | 
         | I want that for every kid, but with Republicans doing their
         | damnedest destroy public education and the impact it's having
         | on teachers' mental well-being (for those who can even be
         | bothered to become teachers anymore, given the low pay and
         | guaranteed bullshit from not just students but parents and the
         | government itself), it's hard to imagine it becoming a reality
         | in the short term.
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | > The honor student had to occasionally take classes with
           | "normal" students, and found the environment very
           | distracting.
           | 
           | I was consistently the teacher's pet in my English classes
           | because I chose those to be my "normal" classes in high
           | school because I thought they were boring. Even without
           | putting in much effort, being quiet and actually able to
           | answer the questions endeared me to my teachers.
        
       | q7xvh97o2pDhNrh wrote:
       | Fascinating article. It is interesting to see how much room there
       | (still) is for applying basic, obvious, common-sense approaches.
       | And of course the best part is seeing the incredible impact he's
       | had on literally thousands of lives as a result.
       | 
       | I did find the final bit sadly ironic. The entire point of
       | Frazer's approach is that he looked at what the best teams were
       | doing, came up with hypotheses about weaknesses in the approach,
       | and experimented/iterated from there. Fittingly, now that the
       | politicians are paying attention, their immediate instinct is to
       | just blindly ape the structure that he's built -- rather than
       | looking to instill the same _mindset_ in other teachers.
       | 
       | I suppose it's the circle of life in large, bureaucratic
       | organizations. A decade (or a century) from now, another Frazer
       | will come along and apply the same mindset to _this_ structure --
       | and all the bureaucrats will be suitably impressed again.
        
         | bongoman37 wrote:
        
         | SiempreViernes wrote:
         | I mean, this all sounds like an red herring anyway if what you
         | want is to improve maths education broadly: you need a
         | willingness to abandon most of the students (they have the best
         | maths team and yet the school doesn't rank well on maths) in
         | favour of concentrating all the most promising students into
         | one small(ish) group.
         | 
         | Over half (51%) of the student at this school have below
         | satisfactory maths proficiency, and most of those (70%) are
         | actually rated as _Inadequate_. If you are interested in
         | raising the mathematical achievement of the roughly[1] 90% of
         | students at Buchholz that don 't get to take part in these
         | ivory tower math classes, there is not much of use here.
         | 
         | [1] Only 140 students out of 2200 went to the Church thing.
         | Alternatively, only 10% of the students attain a rating of
         | maths Mastery in US News ranking:
         | https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/florida/d...
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | Also -- I'm willing to believe that the regular "boring
           | honors stuff," as they put it, which they've apparently de-
           | prioritized is not the best possible curriculum. But there's
           | no reason to believe that the skills needed to solve math
           | puzzles really quickly are either.
           | 
           | Competitions are always artificial. This school is apparently
           | pulling some really bright students now. Are they teaching
           | them skills that will allow them to excel academically later
           | in life, or are they teaching them how to execute the
           | competitive meta strategy quickly?
        
             | M3L0NM4N wrote:
             | As someone who was on the team, the skills that allow you
             | to excel academically in life _are_ the competitive math
             | skills.
             | 
             | And to be honest, not only is the "honors stuff" and
             | "common core" material deprioritized, it's not even taught
             | explicitly. You just get to such a high level understanding
             | of the subjects Frazer teaches that it becomes trivial.
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | > But there's no reason to believe that the skills needed
             | to solve math puzzles really quickly are either.
             | 
             | I disagree. I think that having a strong sense of
             | mathematical properties and numbers is more useful than any
             | specific rote drilled into students.
             | 
             | I see a lot of students up in precalc doing rote and not
             | understanding at all why things work and that have no
             | chance when you throw a curveball. On the other hand, the
             | competitive math students are asking questions like:
             | 
             | * What's the graph of this function look like?
             | 
             | * What's it for the trivial case n=4 before I think about
             | n=100?
             | 
             | * Does symmetry or any other pattern collapse this down?
             | 
             | * What properties do I expect the answer to have? Why does
             | this direction "feel right"?
             | 
             | The kids who excel in math competition _and_ on the normal
             | math academic track get there by playing with it and
             | understanding it.
        
             | TheMagicHorsey wrote:
             | Math is not debate or a spelling B. Math problem solving is
             | absolutely applicable, in that form, in a number of fields
             | like engineering, finance, video games, etc. etc.
        
           | rob74 wrote:
           | Plus I suspect that there are at least some kids with a math
           | talent who were explicitly _sent_ to this specific school -
           | so if you had programs like this in every school, you would
           | probably have significantly fewer eligible candidates.
        
             | SiempreViernes wrote:
             | Yeah, the article mentions that professors at the nearby
             | university explicitly court the teacher to get their kids
             | into these classes.
        
             | chrchang523 wrote:
             | That's a contributor to how the math team _continues_ to be
             | successful today, but the more interesting question is how
             | they initially became world-class ~15 years ago. Frazer is
             | clearly responsible for the latter.
        
               | SiempreViernes wrote:
               | It's outlined in the following paragraph:
               | 
               | """ Mr. Frazer's insight was to connect four levels of
               | education: The kids he scouts in elementary school
               | develop in middle school, compete in high school and take
               | specialized classes from college professors that he
               | brings to Buchholz's campus. As soon as the system was in
               | place, the team started winning and never stopped. """
               | 
               | Notice how the first step is collecting kids that are
               | _already_ good. The recipe is then broadly: collect the
               | best kids you can get your hands on, train and coach them
               | for years, watch them win. There might be some details of
               | wider interest, but essentially this is a good old
               | elitist project.
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | > I mean, this all sounds like an red herring anyway if what
           | you want is to improve maths education broadly
           | 
           | That's the tricky bit here, right? Math competition gamifies
           | math, and encourages a level of play and understanding that
           | normal math classes don't deliver.
           | 
           | But if you don't feel like you have some basic level of
           | competence, being measured in this way is demotivating.
           | 
           | We need to figure out ways to make it interesting and involve
           | exploration and that game-like feel for a broad slice of
           | students.
           | 
           | I would rather a given student end their HS math journey in
           | algebra I and have finished it with A) wonder, and B) a broad
           | and solid understanding of the material that they can take
           | into their adult lives... than to have ended it being able to
           | do a big slice of AP Calc BC problems well, but without any
           | kind of underlying fluency in math.
           | 
           |  _True_ mastery is one thing missing from all these
           | discussions of math levels, tracks, etc.
        
             | SiempreViernes wrote:
             | > encourages a level of play and understanding that normal
             | math classes don't deliver
             | 
             | Yes, but this is largely by convention for much of it. With
             | some effort you can incorporate more playful and open
             | exercises in a normal class. However few teachers have the
             | spare time to spend this effort. It is also risky because
             | you're likely to have some students that cannot cope with
             | the challenge and if they do poorly the new thing you tried
             | is likely to attract blame.
             | 
             | As an aside, a fundamental problem in any discussion about
             | education is that it tends to happen with the various
             | parties speaking about interventions aimed as only a
             | section of the student population, but without this
             | segmentation being explicitly acknowledged.
             | 
             | It is always important to remember there is a huge range of
             | abilities and home circumstances in the student population
             | the schools have to educate, so in a very real sense there
             | is not just one, but rather a _whole society_ of underlying
             | problems that lead the the educational outcomes that then
             | get summarised as a unitary PISA ranking or similar.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > Yes, but this is largely by convention for much of it.
               | With some effort you can incorporate more playful and
               | open exercises in a normal class. However few teachers
               | have the spare time to spend this effort. It is also
               | risky because you're likely to have some students that
               | cannot cope with the challenge and if they do poorly the
               | new thing you tried is likely to attract blame.
               | 
               | That's the big thing that has to be figured out. It needs
               | to be fun. You need some randomness and handicapping.
               | Effort and ability needs to affect outcome in gamified
               | lessons but you need to feel like you have a fighting
               | chance even if you're at the bottom.
               | 
               | I feel like good PE teachers know better how to do this
               | than most in education. Their curriculum is intrinsically
               | gamified and they need to manage to get effort and
               | development from those with obviously different levels of
               | ability.
               | 
               | > As an aside, a fundamental problem in any discussion
               | about education is that it tends to happen with the
               | various parties speaking about interventions aimed as
               | only a section of the student population, but without
               | this segmentation being explicitly acknowledged.
               | 
               | A bigger fundamental problem is that we don't get
               | rigorous data on anything. We flit from trend to trend to
               | trend, without measuring any of them well.
               | 
               | I'm data driven, and I read all the educational research,
               | and I have very little rigorous guidance that I can
               | believe. It falls to personal judgment, then, which is
               | notoriously easy to fool.
               | 
               | > It is always important to remember there is a huge
               | range of abilities and home circumstances in the student
               | population the schools have to educate, so in a very real
               | sense there is not just one, but rather a whole society
               | of underlying problems that lead the the educational
               | outcomes that then get summarised as a unitary PISA
               | ranking or similar.
               | 
               | Yes, but it's similarly a mistake to think we're at some
               | kind of global optimum and that there's not a set of
               | different practices and curriculum that would result in a
               | drastically better distribution of outcomes. In
               | particular, I feel like we really, really screw up how
               | math is taught.
               | 
               | I did recovery with a couple of students up in precalc
               | levels that were struggling. They were missing some
               | fundamental things. When they fell behind, it's
               | everyone's (parents, teachers, tutors, etc) immediate
               | intervention to help them with the problems they're
               | struggling with, and drill them with rote. But if the
               | _real problem_ is that you don 't have a good
               | understanding of the associative property of
               | multiplication, you end up memorizing a million special
               | cases and getting yourself confused.
               | 
               | So when can you rearrange terms, and when can you not?
               | It's time to play with it and find out...
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | I think what it shows that mathematical aptitude is somehow
           | unevenly distributed, but most of all, the _motivation_ to
           | develop it is highly unevenly distributed among students.
           | 
           | Because of that, you can pick a school where most students
           | (70%) can't be bothered to learn the basics, and pick a few
           | who are motivated to climb to the top.
           | 
           | This is completely unsurprising: in every sport, the
           | proportion of those who do not care enough to those highly
           | motivated is even more stark.
        
             | SiempreViernes wrote:
             | > This is completely unsurprising: in every sport, the
             | proportion of those who do not care enough to those highly
             | motivated is even more stark.
             | 
             | I would say it is even more general: there are an
             | overwhelming amount of things to be passionate about, but
             | being passionate about something means you put it before
             | (almost) all else. So for any one specific topic you can
             | expect most kids will actually be more passionate about
             | something else, simply because there is just _so much_ else
             | to go around.
             | 
             | In any case, I think the harsh reality for teachers is that
             | most kids are mainly passionate about being friends with
             | other kids. I suspect this is especially true for kids with
             | less beneficial backgrounds that can't count on as much
             | support from their home.
        
             | pmoriarty wrote:
             | A talented teacher can inspire and motivate almost any
             | student.
        
               | SiempreViernes wrote:
               | That doesn't really help, because it simply shifts the
               | problem to creating "talented teachers" out of the
               | average teachers that are _actually on hand_.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | Reality is you'd need to at least double teacher pay to
               | get a pool of teachers for whom the approach from one of
               | these "amazing teacher does amazing thing" stories
               | might-- _might_ --generalize well enough to be useful.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Reality is, compensation isn't a panacea for drawing
               | talent with enthusiasm.
               | 
               | Indeed, it may even have adverse effects: you draw people
               | who want the money, instead of people drawn to the
               | profession intrinsically.
               | 
               | We do need to build environments (schools,
               | administrations, patterns of educating teachers, social
               | supports for teachers and students, etc) that cultivate
               | enthusiasm and encourage high levels of effort, rather
               | than crushing it.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | > Indeed, it may even have adverse effects: you draw
               | people who want the money, instead of people drawn to the
               | profession intrinsically.
               | 
               | This sentiment is a big part of suppressing teacher
               | wages, and needs to stop. No, raising teacher pay will
               | not result in getting worse teachers. We shouldn't be
               | relying on charity and self-sacrifice on the part of
               | teachers.
               | 
               | [EDIT] The general problem here is that we default to
               | "pay more to get better workers" _unless_ the job
               | produces clear social good, then it 's suddenly like
               | "well if you don't want to badly under-earn compared to
               | what you could make doing almost anything else, then you
               | must not have your _heart in the right place_ so will be
               | bad at this anyway ". It's some weird kind of sour-grapes
               | thinking that we use to avoid paying people doing
               | _actually clearly important and socially beneficial_ jobs
               | what they 're worth, while the real money goes to people
               | doing jobs that... aren't so clearly beneficial.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > We shouldn't be relying on charity and self-sacrifice
               | on the part of teachers.
               | 
               | I agree, but we have a whole lot of data that indicates
               | that raising comp often has perverse effects.
               | 
               | A] There's a whole lot wrong with education resulting in
               | bad outcomes. B] And the way we compensate teachers is
               | terrible and unjust. I am not convinced that addressing B
               | will have a huge effect on A.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | > I agree, but we have a whole lot of data that indicates
               | that raising comp often has perverse effects.
               | 
               | Better tell _waves hands at the entire private sector_.
               | They don 't seem to have gotten that message. Seems like
               | an opportunity to start a company paying 30% under your
               | competition, so you can out-compete them by getting
               | better workers.
        
               | q7xvh97o2pDhNrh wrote:
               | I know this'll sound daft... Can you share some of this
               | data?
               | 
               | I know there's _related_ studies, like the famous  "pick
               | up your kids from daycare on time" study -- and of course
               | plenty of examples about incentive structures gone wrong.
               | However, I think those are different in subtle but
               | important ways.
               | 
               | The point being made here, AFAICT, is that paying more
               | would increase the available pool of candidates. All the
               | people who are _currently_ interested in teaching would
               | surely stick around -- and a lot more people would be
               | interested, too. Given the current issues with hiring and
               | retention, it 's difficult to see how that would be a bad
               | thing.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | edit: many edits below for clarity since original comment
               | 11mins ago.
               | 
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10589297/
               | 
               | https://news.gallup.com/poll/150383/majority-american-
               | worker...
               | 
               | http://www.timothy-
               | judge.com/Judge,%20Piccolo,%20Podsakoff,%...
               | 
               | etc.
               | 
               | Extrinsic incentives are correlated only very slightly
               | with performance, job satisfaction and self-reported
               | measures of motivation. The correlations that exist are
               | confounded because causation is likely reversed (people
               | with higher satisfaction, performance, and motivation are
               | paid more). When we study, in isolation, extrinsic
               | incentives on tasks that are intrinsically rewarding,
               | they appear demotivating.
               | 
               | Anecdotally, I see the effect in the classroom itself:
               | rewarding students for things that they otherwise would
               | do _for the challenge and their own reward_ sucks the fun
               | out of it really fast. The absolute last thing in the
               | world you want to do is pivot someone from evaluating a
               | task based on its intrinsic rewards to thinking about it
               | in terms of extrinsic factors.
               | 
               | I'm actually taking over a competitive math program next
               | year that has had a pretty big "candy bribe" component of
               | it that I need to figure out how to unwind. It's one
               | thing to unexpectedly give out stickers, candy, etc, and
               | let students know you're celebrating awesome
               | performance... it's another still to condition students
               | to think that doing math is only worthwhile because Jolly
               | Ranchers will be dispensed.
               | 
               | > The point being made here, AFAICT, is that paying more
               | would increase the available pool of candidates.
               | 
               | I think in the _very long run_ that 's true: there are
               | people who would like to teach that are steered away from
               | it during college because they figure out they just can't
               | make the numbers work.
               | 
               | But given that a teaching credential is a pretty
               | substantial structural bar, I don't think it changes
               | things much in the medium run.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > The general problem here is that we default to "pay
               | more to get better workers"
               | 
               | The data on whether this works in general is very, very
               | muddy.
               | 
               | > unless the job produces clear social good,
               | 
               | Really, any job that lots of people are drawn to by the
               | love of it gets crap compensation by default. It affects
               | the supply curve too much.
               | 
               | I love teaching and do it for 1/10th or less of what I
               | could make for equivalent effort elsewhere.
               | 
               | And yah, this has terrible outcomes and is unfair.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | > The data on whether this works in general is very, very
               | muddy.
               | 
               | My spouse, with about a decade of teaching experience at
               | the time, once had a former student drop out of high
               | school and start working at as a gas station clerk at a
               | major chain.
               | 
               | The student was making almost as much as my spouse, and
               | if she stuck with it she'd be out-earning my spouse in a
               | year or two. Total comp, benefits included, not talking
               | just wages (school worker benefits are not and have not
               | for some time been _that_ good, really, and at least in
               | my area are now pretty poor compared to offerings in the
               | private sector). Clerking at a gas station. As a high-
               | school dropout.
               | 
               | I'm pretty confident teacher pay is _so_ bad that this
               | "raising pay will draw worse candidates" (where the fuck
               | is that hand-wringing when CEO pay comes up at board
               | meetings? Any pro sports teams worrying they might pay
               | too much to attract good players?) thing is not a real
               | effect worth worrying about, if we're talking pay
               | increases for teachers that are anywhere in a remotely
               | plausible range.
               | 
               | > Really, any job that lots of people are drawn to by the
               | love of it gets crap compensation by default. It affects
               | the supply curve too much.
               | 
               | Sure, and as is typical you get some good people who are
               | semi-retired from a better-earning career or have a much
               | higher-earning spouse, who don't really need the salary
               | at all. You don't get the trust-fund kids as much, as in
               | other careers that are similarly pro-social or artistic,
               | since teacher social status is somewhere under the floor,
               | but otherwise it's similar.
               | 
               | But that's not enough, and I don't think paying teachers
               | 50-75% of what any decent teacher could make doing
               | something else _with a teaching degree_ --not even
               | assuming some entirely different life-path--is a great
               | way to get a good candidate pool. Enough bodies, based
               | solely on some idealistic drive (check in again in 5
               | years, let alone 10, on how well that's doing sustaining
               | them, and for the ones who _do_ need the money, which is
               | most of them, on how their financial situation is adding
               | to the stress that 's driving them out of teaching) sure,
               | but not enough _good_ candidates. And it 's not enough to
               | keep the good ones around.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > My spouse, with about a decade of teaching experience
               | at the time, once had a former student drop out of high
               | school and start working at as a gas station clerk at a
               | major chain.
               | 
               | OK, I've already said I think this is unjust. Please read
               | my comments and understand context. _I just do not think
               | this is a path to increase educational performance,
               | particularly in the short to intermediate run_.
               | 
               | > where the fuck is that hand-wringing when CEO pay comes
               | up at board meetings? Any pro sports teams worrying they
               | might pay too much to attract good players?
               | 
               | I feel like you're not understanding the distinction
               | between:
               | 
               | A) paying a premium within a profession to get the top
               | candidate
               | 
               | and
               | 
               | B) increasing pay broadly to get a higher level of
               | performance from existing practitioners
               | 
               | and
               | 
               | C) to get more able candidates into a profession or
               | retain them.
               | 
               | > you get some good people who are semi-retired from a
               | better-earning career
               | 
               | [raises hand]
               | 
               | > since teacher social status is somewhere under the
               | floor
               | 
               | IMO this is the biggest problem. And, indeed, teachers
               | will take _even lower pay_ to be in a private school
               | situation with a parent community and student community
               | that values education.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | > IMO this is the biggest problem. And, indeed, teachers
               | will take even lower pay to be in a private school
               | situation with a parent community and student community
               | that values education.
               | 
               |  _Lots_ of private schools pay worse than public schools,
               | true, and do indeed draw teachers who are decent-to-good
               | but sick of putting up with public school admin and
               | parent bullshit--for reasons that are obvious if you
               | think about it, but perhaps not _intuitively_ obvious,
               | private schools are _less_ beholden to any one parent
               | than public schools are, and are much better positioned
               | to firmly tell them  "no"--but once you start to get into
               | actually-good private school territory[0] pay and
               | appreciation (and to a _some_ extent social status, at
               | least within a certain circle) match or beat area public
               | schools, typically.
               | 
               | [0] A very high percentage of private schools are _not
               | good_ , though--"how can that be? How do they keep
               | getting enough students to stay open, in a competitive
               | market that includes 'free' as an option?"--politics and
               | religion, is the answer, and they can under-perform on
               | academics year after year as long as they're delivering
               | the message the parents want on those fronts.
               | Incidentally, the teachers these schools draw with their
               | lower pay aren't always leaving public education over
               | _legitimate_ bullshit, but often over perceived bullshit
               | like  "they wouldn't let me talk about Jesus as much as
               | I'd like", and these are _usually not_ good ones that the
               | public schools are losing to private schools, but ones
               | who we 'd _want_ to leave public education.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > but once you start to get into actually-good private
               | school territory
               | 
               | This just isn't true of the SF Bay Area. When you look at
               | the very top, like Harker, Nueva, etc-- salary may
               | slightly edge above public school pay for some portions
               | of the scale, but is still behind when you consider total
               | comp.
               | 
               | > appreciation (and to a some extent social status, at
               | least within a certain circle)
               | 
               | I feel appreciated and valued by our parent community,
               | and I do not feel like there are many that look down
               | their nose at me. (And, given my background, I'm just
               | kinda amused by the group that do).
               | 
               | I also have total "easy mode" when it comes to behavior
               | management. Students that don't even know me come into
               | the room predisposed to think I have important things to
               | say and to work hard.
               | 
               | > A very high percentage of private schools are not good,
               | though
               | 
               | Oh, believe me, I know about the crummy sectarian
               | schools, and the crummy for-profit "highly academic"
               | academies. I am not talking about that. (I don't think
               | many of these are very good teaching environments,
               | either...)
               | 
               | > private schools are less beholden to any one parent
               | than public schools are
               | 
               | This is very complicated and probably out of scope for
               | this discussion.
               | 
               | > and are much better positioned to firmly tell them "no"
               | 
               | Once you have a wait list, this is true.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | Sorry, by the way, if I've misunderstood or misread some
               | of your posts. I'm truly not trying to be argumentative
               | for the sake of it, and expect we agree much more than we
               | disagree, overall. Also: yes, I'm sure you're right about
               | your local market, and part of the problem discussing
               | these things is that the situation in schools varies
               | greatly state-by-state and region-by-region, so it's easy
               | to get wrong ideas about things--teachers unions _might_
               | be so powerful they 're part of the problem, in some
               | places, but in others they barely have any power at all
               | so those very-common "teacher's unions are out of control
               | and _that 's_ the main problem with education!" takes
               | come off as something from another universe, or teacher
               | comp _might_ be borderline-OK in some places, but really,
               | really isn 't in others. Some places, there are five
               | private schools in a 30-minute drive that charge $40+k/yr
               | and are all pretty good or even excellent--others, there
               | are five private schools in a 30-minute drive and they
               | all charge $12k/yr or less and are all _terrible_ (but do
               | cater to religious and /or political preferences). It's a
               | highly heterogenous field.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Likewise --- I understand you're passionate about the
               | issue and feel your spouse has been ripped off. I think
               | we should pay teachers much more. I just don't think it
               | is likely to improve education much, and most of the
               | benefit will be in the far future. [I do think improving
               | working conditions will have an immediate benefit,
               | though].
               | 
               | > Some places, there are five private schools in a
               | 30-minute drive that charge $40+k/yr and are all pretty
               | good or even excellent
               | 
               | Far, far in excess of that here.
               | 
               | > there are five private schools in a 30-minute drive and
               | they all charge $12k/yr or less and are all terrible (but
               | do cater to religious and/or political preferences)
               | 
               | And we have a bunch of those, too.
               | 
               | There's a huge selection effect: when you choose the
               | students A) who can earn a scholarship, or B) whose
               | parents will sacrifice to pay tuition at a non-sectarian
               | school, you're basically selecting for the families who
               | value education.
               | 
               | I'm reminded of research that shows that students at
               | lottery charter schools outperform students at
               | neighboring public schools... but then the students who
               | _enter but lose the lottery_ also outperform the general
               | student population at those schools.
               | 
               | I believe we have very good educators and we have a whole
               | lot of things we're doing right. But we also have a whole
               | lot of things that are just fundamentally easier or
               | better in our environment. Almost entirely, the behavior
               | problems I confront are students getting a little
               | excessively exuberant or otherwise out of hand, not
               | _wanting to misbehave_.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | > I understand you're passionate about the issue and feel
               | your spouse has been ripped off.
               | 
               | It's not just that we're personally harmed by the current
               | system--we're in the "has a high-earning spouse" group so
               | we don't _need_ to both be adequately paid, though of
               | course it 'd be nice--but I've watched one good,
               | experienced teacher after another bail on the profession
               | over the years, because they _do not_ get paid enough to
               | put up with the shit they 're subjected to, and at some
               | point they see an opportunity outside education, realize
               | just _how badly_ they 're under paid, and decide they're
               | done with it. It seems to be getting worse, too, even
               | before recent inflation started screwing with everything
               | (I suspect the rest of this decade is going to be a slow-
               | motion disaster for education hiring and retention, in
               | excess of how bad it already was). I have kids, too, and
               | they're in school, and I hate knowing that a bunch of the
               | best teachers they might have _will_ leave before they
               | get them, because the work-conditions /comp ratio is so
               | badly messed up that it's not only asking some sacrifice
               | of teachers, but is practically abusive.
               | 
               | > There's a huge selection effect: when you choose the
               | students A) who can earn a scholarship, or B) whose
               | parents will sacrifice to pay tuition at a non-sectarian
               | school, you're basically selecting for the families who
               | value education.
               | 
               | Yeah, agree that the factors that make a "good school"
               | versus a "bad school" are complex and that you can't just
               | look at student outcomes to decide whether the quality of
               | a school's instruction is actually above-average--
               | especially with private schools, but also with public
               | schools. Solutions to those problems that aren't actually
               | related to school quality _per se_ are hard to come by,
               | without deliberately leaving some kids behind and /or
               | increasing staffing levels dramatically (so, also
               | significantly increasing district spending/budget). Lots
               | of the problems, effective solutions start to look like
               | "solve poverty", so... good luck. :-(
               | 
               | Didn't mean to be flippant with the good vs. bad school
               | distinction--looking at various measures of student
               | outcomes definitely doesn't give a full picture of how
               | good a job a school, or a teacher, is doing, and
               | selection bias is a major confounder in attempts to do
               | that.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > because they do not get paid enough to put up with the
               | shit they're subjected to
               | 
               | Yah. And the crap is a primary concern, too. We need to
               | figure out how to make things better. _Especially_ on the
               | things that teachers complain about that are demoralizing
               | because they can be expected to negatively affect student
               | outcomes.
               | 
               | I think improving comp has a distant and uncertain
               | effect, but fixing a lot of the crap could be more
               | impactful. Right now we incent administrators not to hold
               | students accountable; how can we do the opposite?
               | 
               | Also, how can we systemically study interventions in a
               | way that we can draw meaningful conclusions-- instead of
               | leaping from educational trend to educational trend
               | because they seem like they sound like they'll do
               | something.
               | 
               | > and selection bias is a major confounder in attempts to
               | do that.
               | 
               | It's got a huge indirect impact that is difficult to
               | control for, too. If I have a student who wants to be
               | disruptive, _other students will call him or her out_ ,
               | and they won't find much social validation from it. So,
               | it's not just the attitudes of individual students
               | affecting their own outcomes, but everyone else around
               | them.
               | 
               | And even second order things. I would probably be a
               | _below average educator_ in a difficult public school
               | classroom. And instead, I 'm an extraordinary one in the
               | environment I'm in. Horses for courses.
        
               | teacherscrub18 wrote:
               | To be fair, I don't think your posts are making the
               | distinction between A B and C.
               | 
               | I would say A and C are both reasonable. To get higher
               | performance out of existing candidates, you would need a
               | metric for performance... I am unfortunately not aware of
               | one that is robust enough to be used.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | To do A you need a good metric, which as you point out we
               | don't have. Of course, it's also zero-sum.
               | 
               | You _might_ be able to do B with pay for performance if
               | you had a good metric.
               | 
               | C might make things significantly better 10 years from
               | now-- increasing the size of the candidate pool. Of
               | course, this requires you be able to adequately measure
               | candidates, too.
               | 
               | I think we should increase teacher pay. I don't think it
               | changes much soon in the quality of education. I do think
               | improving teacher working conditions--- especially the
               | ones that infuriate teachers because they have well
               | articulated justifications of worsening student
               | outcomes--- can improve all of the above.
        
               | pmoriarty wrote:
               | It's not just about pay. It's also about workload,
               | safety, respect, and a curriculum that doesn't try to
               | force them to only teach to pass tests.
               | 
               | Teachers also need collaboration from parents who all too
               | often see school as a free babysitting service or just a
               | road to a job.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | Very true. I know teachers who left public school for
               | lower paying jobs at private schools
               | 
               | We have spent the last 40 years reducing teacher
               | autonomy, so it shouldn't be surprising that it's harder
               | to get teachers who care.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | > We have spent the last 40 years reducing teacher
               | autonomy, so it shouldn't be surprising that it's harder
               | to get teachers who care.
               | 
               | I think schools are in a death-spiral where they can't
               | get enough decent teachers with good judgement who can
               | work autonomously, so they keep clamping down with more
               | control over teachers' day-to-day activities, which just
               | drives away more of the good teachers because working
               | like that _sucks_.
               | 
               | Current high inflation (wage-inflation plus just the
               | regular kind) is going to drive this to a crisis point
               | before long, I think--when fast food joints have signs up
               | begging people to apply at $17/hr with basically no
               | education requirements, a starting salary in the low-$30k
               | range requiring a bachelor's degree starts to look like
               | something only a crazy person would opt to do.
               | 
               | [EDIT] Relatedly, school admin is also totally fucked up.
               | The people doing those jobs are generally terrible for a
               | bunch of reasons, including that they're _also_ under-
               | paid for the kind of person you 'd really _want_ doing
               | those jobs, while also being very high-paid relative to
               | teachers. Teachers who may or may not be good at
               | teaching, but who _are not_ good at admin, go into it
               | because it 's the only way to make real money in
               | education until you're nearly at retirement age and
               | holding a PhD, on a classroom teacher pay-scale, and
               | people who can't hack it in private sector management go
               | into it because it pays pretty well and you can coast
               | while getting an ego-boost from being the Big (Wo)Man In
               | Charge and bossing people around. The entire field is a
               | cess-pit of incompetence, neglect, and outright idiocy,
               | and it's a huge problem that doesn't get enough attention
               | compared with teacher quality.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | Right, absolutely. The conditions are also damn
               | stressful, unless you're lucky enough to be at a school
               | with _amazing_ admin and co-workers _and_ parents. That
               | almost never happens.
               | 
               | Then the ones who are good but getting stressed out
               | eventually start looking around and realize they could
               | match their current comp assistant-managing a gas
               | station, and that some of the extra things they've taken
               | on give them experience that lets them gun for non-
               | education jobs with _way_ higher pay... and it 's only a
               | matter of time before they leave.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > The conditions are also damn stressful, unless you're
               | lucky enough to be at a school with amazing admin and co-
               | workers and parents.
               | 
               | As a teacher at a school with pretty amazing admin and
               | co-workers and parents.. they're pretty dang stressful
               | even with those things. And I come from a background of
               | founding startups, so I'm not some complete lightweight.
               | 
               | The thing is, you can endure stress and suck if it feels
               | worthwhile. If you're missing those things, it stops
               | feeling worthwhile.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | Teachers also benefit from mentoring, time to visit other
               | classrooms, time to meet with other teachers and talk,
               | paid time outside the classroom to reflect and develop
               | lessons, sufficient provision of classroom materials
               | (that they don't have to buy themselves), occasional
               | sabbaticals, ....
        
               | pmoriarty wrote:
               | Why shouldn't we be doing precisely this?
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | corrral wrote:
         | > Fittingly, now that the politicians are paying attention,
         | their immediate instinct is to just blindly ape the structure
         | that he's built
         | 
         | Entirely typical of school reform efforts. Study or (more
         | often) a book built around a study or two comes out, hype
         | builds, consultants latch on, dumb-shit school admins get ahold
         | of it (and use it as an excuse for a free trip or two to some
         | BS conferences, for them and maybe a favored teacher or two),
         | and then try to implement it without understanding it. They
         | usually make two major mistakes:
         | 
         | 1) Assuming the study's results will generalize to any school,
         | disregarding even caveats or limitations called out in the very
         | reference work that's the foundation of the reform.
         | 
         | 2) Ditching parts they're uncomfortable with, failing to
         | appreciate that implementing 80% of something may not even
         | achieve 20% of the desired effect. They do this even when it's
         | super fucking obvious to anyone with a bit of common sense that
         | the parts they're ignoring are key. They're especially bad
         | about this with discipline systems, but it also frequently
         | happens with other kinds of programs.
         | 
         | Then they do this again every 2-4 years. For a given kind of
         | system (English instruction, math instruction, discipline, all
         | kinds of things). Result: schools are constantly flailing
         | around, with shit changing for no good reason almost every
         | single year.
        
         | mlyle wrote:
         | > I suppose it's the circle of life in large, bureaucratic
         | organizations. A decade (or a century) from now, another Frazer
         | will come along and apply the same mindset to this structure --
         | and all the bureaucrats will be suitably impressed again.
         | 
         | Honestly, you don't want everyone to be constantly iterating
         | and trying to drastically upend things to find a new global
         | optimum. Beyond the fact that many people are not cut out to do
         | it (most people aren't above average ;), there's a survivorship
         | bias in these stories. You don't hear all the times that
         | radical new approaches had terrible outcomes.
         | 
         | If you want to build an extraordinary competitive program doing
         | A, you should absolutely be doing lots different from what
         | everyone else does. But the typical program that eschews hard-
         | gained wisdom will do worse. Basically, you're buying
         | volatility in outcomes for a lower expected value.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | I don't think that is some large bureaucratic organization
         | thing or political thing. It's just the normal difference
         | between R&D and production.
        
         | megablast wrote:
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please don't post flamebait.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
           | karamanolev wrote:
           | By showing them the approach, teaching them the benefits and
           | showing them the results? By giving them more information, so
           | they can want to adopt the same mindset themselves? Because
           | not all teaching, showing and informing is "brainwashing"?
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | But this guy is not a teacher; he's a coach. This is math-
             | sport. Teachers can't just abandon the part of the class
             | that doesn't already show demonstrated aptitude and/or
             | commitment.
             | 
             | The football team is to the gym class as the math-sport
             | team is to the math class.
        
               | karamanolev wrote:
               | All the more argument why adopting the mindset is better
               | than adopting the specific approach or program. The
               | approach might be good for competitive-level math, but
               | bad for the classroom. The mindset will allow teachers to
               | adapt those ideas so they can be appropriate for the
               | classroom.
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | I do an occasional pilgrimage to my old high school math teacher.
       | He's in his 80s now, but in his last year before retiring, we won
       | a math contest for European International schools. He was very
       | happy about that.
       | 
       | The guy still gets visits from people in their 60s that he taught
       | decades before me. He really made the subject come to life, had a
       | sense of humor, and was generally a good guy.
       | 
       | He also ran the school math teams. Several kids in the years
       | above me did quite well on those, all down to him giving us
       | accelerated content and questions that were "actually
       | interesting" rather than dozens of the same thing over and over.
       | Of course it varies what that means depending on where you are in
       | your journey, but at each step there tends to be an aha! moment
       | where things come together.
       | 
       | I caught up with him a few weeks ago, and he told me he actually
       | didn't enjoy the university level of mathematics. Somehow things
       | got very dry and boring, and that's part of why he ended up
       | teaching high school.
        
       | cmroanirgo wrote:
       | This story reminds me of the man behind the movie "Stand and
       | Deliver" (1988), Jaime Escalante, who in the 80's made his school
       | famous for generating students that passed the Advanced Placement
       | Calculus exams.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaime_Escalante
       | 
       | 1982 - 18 students passed, but by 1991 "the number of Garfield
       | students taking advanced placement examinations in math and other
       | subjects jumped to 570".
       | 
       | I like it when teachers teach far and beyond the boring old
       | curriculum and inspire kids far beyond what they thought capable
       | of themselves.
        
         | barry-cotter wrote:
         | The union and administrators must have really hated his guts.
         | The union is easily explained; he made other teachers and
         | schools look bad. I wonder why the administrators didn't want
         | the students succeeding though.
         | 
         | > In his final years at Garfield, Escalante received threats
         | and hate mail.[14] By 1990, he had lost the math department
         | chairmanship. Escalante's math enrichment program had grown to
         | more than 400 students. His class sizes had increased to over
         | 50 students in some cases. That was far beyond the 35 student
         | limit set by the teachers' union, which increased its criticism
         | of Escalante's work.[14] In 1991, the number of Garfield
         | students taking advanced placement examinations in math and
         | other subjects jumped to 570. The same year, citing faculty
         | politics and petty jealousies, Escalante and Jimenez left
         | Garfield.[14] Escalante found new employment at Hiram W.
         | Johnson High School in Sacramento, California. At the height of
         | Escalante's success, Garfield graduates were entering the
         | University of Southern California in such great numbers that
         | they outnumbered all the other high schools in the working-
         | class East Los Angeles region combined.[15] Even students who
         | failed the AP exam often went on to study at California State
         | University, Los Angeles.[14]
         | 
         | > Angelo Villavicencio, one of Escalante's handpicked
         | instructors, took over the program after Escalante's departure,
         | teaching the remaining 107 AP students in two classes over the
         | following year. Sixty-seven of Villavicencio's students went on
         | to take the AP exam and forty-seven passed. The math program's
         | decline at Garfield became apparent following the departure of
         | Escalante, Villavicencio, and other teachers associated with
         | its inception and development. In just a few years, the number
         | of AP calculus students at Garfield who passed their exams
         | dropped by more than 80%. In 1996, Villavicencio contacted
         | Garfield's new principal, Tony Garcia, and offered to come back
         | to help revive the dying calculus program. His offer was
         | rejected.[14]
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaime_Escalante
        
       | poorbutdebtfree wrote:
       | Impressive considering the demographics of Gainsville. They used
       | standardized test scores to identify talented grade school kids
       | and put them all in the same room. Can we still do that in
       | diverse school districts in CA and MA? I think we'd have a major
       | uproar.
        
         | dilap wrote:
         | correct -- see e.g. what just happened to lowell in san
         | francisco
         | 
         | edit: but reversed! so maybe you could...
        
           | raunak wrote:
           | You're right, but they also reversed it just recently
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | Source?
        
             | dilap wrote:
             | ah my SF news is out of date (moved out about a year ago,
             | tho i've still got family there) -- that's great to hear!
        
         | Ligma123 wrote:
         | >Can we still do that in diverse school districts in CA and MA?
         | You would be able to do that for one year, and then people
         | would start noticing a pattern in the teams' composition, and
         | yes you'd get your uproar and the whole thing would be
         | canceled.
        
           | 9991 wrote:
           | Yea, that's essentially what happened to Virginia's Thomas
           | Jefferson High School.
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | TJ was humming along fine for decades under republicans and
             | conservatives democrats. Liberal democrats won the
             | governorship just in 2018 and within two years folks are
             | declaring standardized tests to be "racist."
             | 
             | I blame my parents. They immigrated to a red/purple state
             | for the low taxes and good schools and turned it into a
             | solid blue state by voting straight ticket democrat. And
             | then they're all surprised at how this could happen.
        
               | KerrAvon wrote:
               | Your first paragraph: OK.
               | 
               | Your second paragraph: what is the alternative to voting
               | a straight Dem ticket if you support science and want to
               | see women, Jews and brown people get a fair shake in
               | life?
        
               | forgingahead wrote:
               | You might be surprised at the skin colour of the poster
               | you are replying to. Your question is also utterly flawed
               | - there is no "heroic political party fighting for the
               | rights of the X", and even if such a unicorn existed,
               | it's definitely not the modern Democrat party.
               | 
               | Politicians are like strippers, you fall in love with
               | them at your own risk.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | > Your second paragraph: what is the alternative to
               | voting a straight Dem ticket if you support science and
               | want to see women, Jews and brown people get a fair shake
               | in life?
               | 
               | I'm a "brown" immigrant and grew up in Virginia when it
               | was a red state. I got way more than a "fair shake,"
               | including the opportunity to attend TJ. Indeed, Democrats
               | are the ones who are advocating to legalize
               | discrimination against people like me
               | (https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2021/12/9/biden-
               | admin-bac...) and eliminate objective standards that
               | enable immigrants to break into elite jobs in favor of
               | subjective standards that require social connections and
               | cultural capital to navigate.
        
               | prottog wrote:
        
               | raunak wrote:
               | TJ didn't change because of the blue 2018 Virginia.
               | 
               | it was a concerted effort by a small group of
               | administrators at FCPS, and an even smaller group of
               | 'anti-racist' students at TJ themselves.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | TJ is literally a "Governor's school." Liberal democrats
               | put themselves in a position where they are forced to go
               | along with whatever activists decide is "racist"
               | regardless of the merits. They're the ones who weaponized
               | accusations of "isms" and handed a club for the activists
               | to beat them with.
        
         | consp wrote:
         | Isn't that what lots of European education systems do in
         | middle/high school education anyways?
        
           | rscho wrote:
           | Did. Officially, some still do. But it's now become a very
           | much fake elitism, with a major push for inclusion and the
           | mixing of ages and backgrounds in the same classrooms. The
           | average level is in freefall too.
        
       | M3L0NM4N wrote:
       | I was on the team. Ama
        
         | koolba wrote:
         | Is the curriculum listed online?
        
           | M3L0NM4N wrote:
           | It's a bit of a closely guarded secret, but it's basically
           | everything that shows up on Mu Alpha Theta tests, which you
           | can find online.
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | How do I get some interesting problems for my kid to look at?
         | Starting at the bottom
        
           | M3L0NM4N wrote:
           | Mu Alpha Theta old tests, you can start at regional level for
           | a given subject, then to increase difficulty go to state,
           | then nationals.
           | 
           | Art of Problem Solving is also something Frazer swears by and
           | is a good resource.
        
         | gfd wrote:
         | I don't recognize the contest name although I did math contests
         | a long time (over ten years) ago.
         | 
         | Why aren't AMC/AIME/USAMO/IMO mentioned?
        
           | M3L0NM4N wrote:
           | We did take those, but the main focus of the math team is Mu
           | Alpha Theta. I'm guessing it's a bit of a positive feedback
           | loop of "we have the best material for MAO tests, and we
           | place the highest in MAO competitions". Also, Frazer even
           | writes tests for some regional MAO competitions that Buchholz
           | competes in.
        
         | hoseja wrote:
         | Is the composition so ethnically skewed as the photos suggest?
        
           | M3L0NM4N wrote:
           | When I was on the team it was 2/3 Asian, 1/3 white, one black
           | member, and one Native American member.
        
             | sbierwagen wrote:
             | >one black member
             | 
             | ADOS, or recent African immigrant?
        
               | M3L0NM4N wrote:
               | Parents were African immigrants
        
             | strikelaserclaw wrote:
             | were most the students parents from "professional"
             | backgrounds?
        
         | qxfys wrote:
         | 1. How old were you when Frazer spotted your talent? 2.
         | Agewise, when did you know you are good at math?
        
           | M3L0NM4N wrote:
           | I was in middle school, I did a math summer camp run by the
           | team where they scout talent, then took a placement test at
           | the end of the summer and scored pretty well on it. Was on
           | the team starting 8th grade, would take classes at the high
           | school.
           | 
           | Honestly, as early as I can remember learning math. I always
           | did "math club" in school. My parents always stressed it and
           | it always interested me. I would say I started _loving_ math
           | once I joined the Buchholz team though.
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | Surely the students identified for the team have other talents
         | as well, and being on the team makes pursuing them more
         | difficult. How did being on the team shape who you became,
         | where you went to college, what you studied, etc.? Any regrets?
        
           | M3L0NM4N wrote:
           | This question asks exactly what I wanted to talk about
           | regarding the team, and what people may not realize reading
           | this article.
           | 
           | This may sound like a stretch, but the Buchholz math team and
           | Mr Frazer are probably the single biggest life-changing
           | factor in my life so far, and in a lot of my teammates' as
           | well. The effect that Frazer's culture puts on his students
           | over their (potentially) 7-year career with him through
           | middle and high school just dominos throughout college and
           | your career. The team shaped who I am, where I went to
           | school, and what I studied greatly, which I am so
           | unbelievably thankful for (which I will get into at the end).
           | 
           | Most of the smartest people I know are friends I made on the
           | team. To put it simply, these kids are so driven that being
           | able to pursue a talent outside of the math team is certainly
           | feasible. Now, almost everyone on the math team is taking the
           | hardest classes they can at the school, a lot of which doing
           | so with almost perfect GPAs. But the math team _is_ very time
           | consuming, and I think a lot of the team members share the
           | ideology that there isn 't a more valuable talent to expand
           | upon in high school than math.
           | 
           | I was unfortunately only on the team for 2 short years,
           | because I moved to a different state (and the year we lost
           | both state and nationals is the year I went to both
           | competitions, unfortunate correlation). As smart as the kids
           | are on the team, Frazer's game plan is so well made at this
           | point, it teaches you how to win. This means success is more
           | correlated to hard work than intelligence in most cases.
           | 
           | My biggest regret about being the team is not working harder.
           | I really feel like I was lazy and didn't take it as seriously
           | as I should have, but looking back I don't think it affected
           | my trajectory much. Fortunately, after I moved I tried to
           | keep the Frazer culture with me, made friends with the
           | smartest people at my new school, and I matured and worked
           | harder. Absolutely none of which would have happened without
           | the math team.
           | 
           | I am now doing computer science at a top 10 school and
           | interning at a large tech company this summer. I am extremely
           | thankful for where I am, much of which I attribute to Mr.
           | Frazer. Plenty other students have far more inspiring stories
           | than I have, come from lower socioeconomic statuses than I
           | come from, or ended up in a better school than where I ended
           | up. Thanks for letting me write that.
        
         | rpois wrote:
         | What do you think the article omits/gets wrong about the story,
         | if anything?
        
           | M3L0NM4N wrote:
           | I would say it understates the impact it has on the kids'
           | lives. See my reply to gnicholas.
        
         | SiempreViernes wrote:
         | Did you ever spend organised time helping students outside of
         | the team?
        
           | M3L0NM4N wrote:
           | Not sure if there is really an "outside of the team" lol, but
           | for a month over the summer, we learned about 4 hours a day
           | from the class above us / Frazer, then for another 4 hours
           | taught the class below us.
        
         | chasd00 wrote:
        
         | newswasboring wrote:
         | Do you think this system has other advantages than preparing
         | teams? Like can this be used as a mode of teaching for advanced
         | math?
        
           | M3L0NM4N wrote:
           | The content that Frazer teaches should be standard, flat out.
           | The competition style of math has so many more practical
           | applications than the shit they call common core in the state
           | of Florida.
           | 
           | Now, we did all of Geometry and Algebra II (Frazer's
           | competition courses, not just regular courses) in a year.
           | When students are excited about learning, and you make it
           | fun, you can really throw a lot of material at them.
           | 
           | But any part of Frazer's "system" outside of the content I
           | think pretty irrelevant for regular teaching, like him using
           | class time to teach competition material. That's just how
           | math class is for every other kid. 8 hours a day for a month
           | over the summer learning and teaching math? Hard to organize
           | that without having a team, among other things.
        
         | bobsmooth wrote:
         | How refreshing was it to be surrounded by people that care
         | about learning?
        
         | dopeboy wrote:
         | Can you talk about your teammates / peers? What were their
         | interests? Personality types?
        
         | PeterStuer wrote:
         | First of all gratz on the success!
         | 
         | My question to you is what are some typical criticisms your
         | team gets from competitors or other sources?
        
           | M3L0NM4N wrote:
           | For some, it's because Buchholz uses actual class time as
           | team prep time, I think some schools can't get past the
           | bureaucracy to allow that. For a month over the summer, we
           | learned about 4 hours a day from the class above us / Frazer,
           | then for another 4 hours taught the class below us.
           | 
           | I think the state/national runner ups, American Heritage has
           | copied this in class teaching method, among other Frazer
           | tactics.
        
       | TYPE_FASTER wrote:
       | A teacher at a public school in Florida built the team.
       | 
       | I was really lucky to have a high school math teacher that made
       | calculus interesting enough for me to want to learn it. I'm not
       | sure I would have made it through the Comp Sci program at college
       | without it, as we were required to take an advanced math class
       | every semester, and having an understanding of calculus was
       | critical to both getting through those math classes, as well as
       | the physics classes that were also required for the degree.
       | 
       | Related (content around teaching is part way through the
       | article): https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/12/15/most-
       | likely-to...
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | Their ability to succeed is given a boost by newfangled math
       | frameworks like the one CA is trying to ram through (public
       | comment be damned).
        
       | Proven wrote:
        
       | selwynii wrote:
       | This is what happens when you encourage high achievement and
       | select for it. It's not a model that's going to work everywhere.
       | 
       | It certainly helps that he develops an accelerated program but
       | the effect of that program versus the selection process is the
       | most important question of all.
        
       | schemester wrote:
       | They had a decent showing at the ARML. 9th place if you include
       | the off-site teams.
       | https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RvdE4RcA99uXvlaRl4J_...
        
         | 78124781 wrote:
         | If I'm reading the standings correctly, they are competing as a
         | team from a single HS while most of the others are all-star
         | teams composed of students from multiple different HSes in a
         | state or area? And they finished higher than noted supermagnet
         | TJHSST?
         | 
         | That is impressive, even if it looks like Lexington HS (MA)
         | finished ahead of them. Are there any other similar school-
         | based team math competitions (I know there are lots of
         | individual ones)?
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | If you read the article he recruits kids when they are still
           | in middle school, basically poaching the best students from
           | various other schools to join his high school.
           | 
           | So it's essentially the same as an all-star team, but putting
           | them all together in the same class and recruiting some
           | university-level talent to help teach them.
           | 
           | The article tries to present it as an 'average school', but
           | it's not an average class of kids. That said, it could
           | definitely still help kids who wouldn't have that opportunity
           | at their own schools.
        
             | M3L0NM4N wrote:
             | I mean, these are still kids in Gainesville, and about
             | 80-90% of them come from one middle school called Lincoln,
             | the best magnet program in Gainesville. He doesn't really
             | "poach" kids as much as develop the willing ones with his
             | teaching methods while in middle school so they hit the
             | ground running when they hit high school. But the regular
             | Lincoln kids and many other middle schools in Gainesville
             | would feed into Buchholz high school regardless.
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | The recruiting part actually starts in elementary
               | (there's about 7 different schools in the area):
               | 
               | > Mr. Frazer searches for prospects in elementary school
               | and steers them to accelerated math classes in middle
               | school.
               | 
               | > Mr. Frazer's insight was to connect four levels of
               | education: The kids he scouts in elementary school
               | develop in middle school, compete in high school and take
               | specialized classes from college professors that he
               | brings to Buchholz's campus.
               | 
               | Sounds about right that he'd push them to the same magnet
               | school if it's the only good one in the area.
        
             | schemester wrote:
             | And Gainesville is the location of University of Florida,
             | not some random 133000 person city.
        
             | chasd00 wrote:
             | > basically poaching the best students from various other
             | schools to join his high school.
             | 
             | I wonder what carrots he dangled in front of the parents to
             | get them to switch schools. Doing this for football is a
             | big no-no and has resulted in a few scandals over the years
             | in Texas.
        
               | sct202 wrote:
               | Probably just the college placements are enough. The
               | other 2 high schools in Gainesville sent 2 kids each to
               | Harvard, Princeton, or MIT during 2018-2020, while
               | Buchholz has sent 8 according to Polaris List. The math
               | team has posted where their students have gone to college
               | and there are a lot of Ivy League and other elite schools
               | represented every year (MIT, Stanford, U Chicago).
               | https://www.buchholzmathteam.com/college-placement
        
           | schemester wrote:
           | The Harvard/MIT or "HMMT" contest has teams and team
           | rankings, much like the ARML.
        
       | tbihl wrote:
       | The article cites '66th in FL and outside top 1000' (from which I
       | infer they are near 1000) as a demonstration of how ordinary they
       | are.
       | 
       | There are about 27k high schools in the US, and 774 FL high
       | schools. Bucholz high school has 2254 student and is the largest
       | in Gainesville, per Wikipedia. All that to say that the article
       | understates the starting point for this impressive endeavor.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | imgabe wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/DZ65Z
        
       | dzdt wrote:
       | There was a similar example in Nebraska with Leona Penner. [1]
       | Her classes were absolutely dominant at every state level
       | competition. One key seems to be an intensely motivated teacher
       | devoting their own life to this and motivating their students.
       | Another key is school district administration willing to arrange
       | things to let greatness happen. [1]
       | https://www.google.com/amp/s/journalstar.com/news/local/educ...
        
         | jethkl wrote:
         | I was in Penner's class. Hard work, but I think it was worth
         | it.
        
           | kickout wrote:
           | Unexpected Lincoln East encounter in HN...
        
       | mod wrote:
       | Seems like we should be studying people like this teacher.
       | 
       | They've cracked a code but we act like it's individual excellence
       | that can't be transferred.
        
         | SiempreViernes wrote:
         | I mean, the article explicitly talks about how they _start_ by
         | collecting pre-exiting individual excellence, there is never
         | any pretence of this program creating excellence from average
         | students.
        
           | sdfhdhjdw3 wrote:
        
       | cs702 wrote:
       | Inspiring story, but the absence of statistical rigor bothers me.
       | This little fact, in particular, begs more questions:
       | 
       | > Many of the gifted kids in his program have parents who work at
       | the nearby University of Florida and push to get on Mr. Frazer's
       | radar.
       | 
       | Is there any data comparing how these kids perform compared to
       | other kids whose parents also work for a top-100-ranked
       | university? (US News ranks University of Florida as #38
       | nationwide.) Do these kids do better or worse than their
       | comparable peers nationwide?
        
       | rscho wrote:
       | Funnily, on the other side of the pond we would find the same
       | title about a private school more surprising.
        
       | onphonenow wrote:
       | Interesting - someone laser focused on education. When school
       | went virtual he quit as a teacher, rented a space, and told 145
       | students he'd be teaching there. 140 showed up and they crushed
       | competitors.
       | 
       | So he immediately felt virtual learning would not be as good as
       | in person, school wouldn't let him teach in person (he is in his
       | 60s) so he quits.
       | 
       | I'd trust this guy more then the Ed unions saying virtual is just
       | as good as in person
        
         | gautamdivgi wrote:
         | I don't think virtual is anywhere as good as in person. I
         | didn't believe Ed unions when they said that. Anyone who has
         | done virtual classes or conferences knows this (which is a LOT
         | of folks at this point should know if you've ever done any
         | learning online). Given that it may have been a reasonable
         | option until covid was better manageable. I think some
         | districts went too far. My school district thankfully was one
         | where they did a hybrid in-person/remote. Parents could choose
         | for the 2020-2021 school year. It was all in-person (no remote)
         | 2021-2022.
        
         | SiempreViernes wrote:
         | well, laser focused on educating the kids with the best pre-
         | existing education at least.
        
           | scarmig wrote:
           | Isn't it important that kids who are prepared for more
           | advanced material get the opportunity to learn more advanced
           | material?
        
           | tbihl wrote:
           | It's good that someone is.
        
             | SiempreViernes wrote:
             | There's really not any shortage of people willing to teach
             | the most well educated students though, especially as their
             | parents can usually pay a lot.
        
               | tbihl wrote:
               | As someone who grew up in public schools that were able
               | to put students in accelerated cohorts, I appreciate that
               | people are finding ways to do that against the current of
               | news suggesting that such systems are being phased out.
               | 
               | To say that wealthy people can achieve systems is less
               | exciting; if they couldn't, that would be a terrible
               | leading indicator of bigger problems. I'm interested in
               | stories of people making good use of scarce public
               | resources, because that's what all local governments
               | should be attempting, and I read too much about districts
               | making pushes orthogonal or downright antithetical to
               | goals of effective education.
        
               | SiempreViernes wrote:
               | The key resource here seems to be a bored rich guy, not
               | sure if that's really a "public resource".
        
               | tbihl wrote:
               | This comment is recklessly dismissive of subsidiarity.
               | Public libraries would have been set back decades, at
               | least, without 'bored rich guys' making huge strides to
               | spread the concept and build many libraries. Hospitals
               | and universities are likewise benefeciaries of 'bored
               | rich guys'.
               | 
               | There is a large public resource in question, the public
               | school. All US Americans should be more or less familiar
               | with public schools that make very poor use of those
               | resources as suggested by our top-in-class spending per
               | pupil and middling achievement levels. In this case a
               | school had a great resource, a 'bored rich guy' with the
               | requisite background and focus, and they recognized and
               | took advantage of this fact.
               | 
               | In plenty of other circumstances in life, power struggles
               | or many other flavors of bureaucracy would have prevented
               | this outcome. In the linked story, this effort was
               | allowed to flourish and supported, which is to the great
               | credit of the school and probably the wider community.
               | Consequently, a significant group of students are
               | receiving phenomenal educations that extend far beyond
               | the narrow scope of high school math curricula, and they
               | are doing it seemingly all under the tutelage of a single
               | teacher.
        
         | dkonofalski wrote:
         | I think virtual learning _could_ be at least as good as in-
         | person for a lot of subjects but the world, and the US
         | especially, didn 't prepare anyone for it and didn't provide
         | any resources to do it during the pandemic so I'm not surprised
         | that the outcomes were terrible. They basically needed teachers
         | who had never even done remote learning before to pivot on a
         | dime, with no additional money, training, or resources, and
         | then teach kids who had also never done the same and with no
         | resources or training.
         | 
         | We, in the US, did nothing to try and prepare people for a
         | situation like that. On top of that, you have a whole segment
         | of parents who don't care about whether or not kids were
         | actually learning but just whether or not schools were open.
         | The number of stats that I've seen that compare days that
         | schools were opened (especially in red states compared to blue
         | states) is horrifying. If the metric we're using to determine
         | whether education was successful is whether the doors were
         | open, then we're focusing on the wrong things. On top of that,
         | they act like the schools open in person had better outcomes
         | simply because they were in-person while ignoring the lack of
         | preparation and any other factors.
         | 
         | The whole state of education in the US is sad.
        
           | google234123 wrote:
           | > with no additional money
           | 
           | What happened to the $190 billion schools got in COVID aid?
           | Are both the paragraphs you wrote completely unsubstantiated
           | and just based on your own gut feelings?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ken47 wrote:
       | This sounds fun. I wish I had access to teachers/mentors like
       | this in high school instead of teachers who simply wanted to
       | maximize the average score on AP Calc exams; for those in Europe,
       | it's quite easy to get maximum marks on AP Calc 1 and 2 if you
       | are competent at math. You certainly don't need to be gifted.
       | 
       | I can understand why many teachers try to give disproportionate
       | assistance to students who are disinterested in or untalented at
       | math, but a lot of these kinds of students are just taking the
       | harder math class to pad their university applications. If a
       | student is on the border, a committed teacher can get them into
       | maximum-mark territory. But the odds of such students building on
       | these learnings throughout their lives is probably very low. In
       | other words, it seems like a poor investment of time.
       | 
       | And university rankings are obnoxious enough, but my goodness -
       | this article invokes _high school_ ranking? We live in a world
       | where people want to rank everything and live with the false
       | certainty of a nonsensical hierarchy. Well, I suppose that
       | describes humankind for at least the past few millennia, so never
       | mind. Back to work I go...
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > In other words, it seems like a bad investment of time.
         | 
         | It's only a bad investment of time because of ineffective
         | teaching methods. What these students need is rigorous yet
         | effective instruction that doesn't simply expect them to "learn
         | all the math by themselves" and actively helps them master the
         | subject, in a step by step fashion. Unfortunately, this is very
         | unpopular with current teachers because it's seen as
         | "demeaning" the profession.
        
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