[HN Gopher] The Great Green Wall
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       The Great Green Wall
        
       Author : bryanrasmussen
       Score  : 87 points
       Date   : 2022-07-15 08:17 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.greatgreenwall.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.greatgreenwall.org)
        
       | hahamrfunnyguy wrote:
       | China has been doing something similar to try to slow the spread
       | of the Gobi desert.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSn6S-H7m-8
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Green_Wall_(China)
        
         | fourthark wrote:
         | And they have more of an incentive to think in the long term
         | and follow through.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Why should they have more of an incentive to think for the
           | long term?
        
       | affgrff2 wrote:
       | Why do I feel so pessimistic about this?
        
         | lbriner wrote:
         | Because you are a pessimist?
         | 
         | Even if it only half works, it is worthwhile, which is why lots
         | of anti-climate change action is worthwhile. Add up all the
         | little bits and maybe it delays catastrophic climiate change
         | long enough to get some new ways of solving it, or long enough
         | for a younger generation to take it more seriously, maybe it
         | makes the rise in temperatures slightly more bearable, the sea
         | rises slightly less or the species extinctions fewer in number.
         | 
         | Certainly a better investment than the 4x4s, overseas holidays
         | and technology that lots of rich people spend their money on!
        
           | switchbak wrote:
           | Or maybe all the straw banning and feel good recycling
           | efforts (and similar efforts with little actual impact on
           | CO2) consume our energy and attention and allow us to feel
           | good about doing something.
           | 
           | Meanwhile we've not made any significant headway in tackling
           | the problem, and things continue to get worse.
           | 
           | If we want to solve this, we're going to have to have
           | sustained focus and effort devoted to solving the hard
           | problems. That means regulation, international cooperation,
           | changes in how we live our lives, impact on corporations,
           | etc. There is no easy way out of this.
        
             | tomtheelder wrote:
             | FWIW straw bans and recycling are typically not really
             | about carbon at all, more about the impact of waste.
             | Recycling can sometimes have a meaningful carbon impact,
             | but it can also be carbon positive in many cases.
             | 
             | But I really dislike the attitude of "well this thing isn't
             | going to solve climate change, and the real problem is
             | industry/agriculture/government/etc, so we shouldn't bother
             | doing it." Of course we should. We should all try to make
             | incremental changes to respect the environment more.
             | 
             | It's just lazy reasoning to try to justify continuing to
             | live a lifestyle that damages the environment without
             | having to question it.
        
               | switchbak wrote:
               | I'm not sure if you think that's what I'm proposing, my
               | last sentence makes it clear I'm not.
               | 
               | I'm a fan of recycling and basically any other well
               | intentioned goals. I'm not a fan of them when they're
               | cynically abused by big corporations to make people feel
               | as if they're "saving the world" so they can go on living
               | a life that continues to push us over the edge.
        
         | singularity2001 wrote:
         | Maybe because it's too little too late and it can't stop the
         | ever growing pressures of overpopulation. But then since each
         | degree of climate change adds a significant 7% humidity to the
         | atmosphere, I have a faint hope that one year a torrential rain
         | will turn the sahara into a green savanna again.
        
           | danaris wrote:
           | Neither our planet in general, nor its comfortably-livable
           | surface area, are overpopulated in the aggregate.
           | 
           | We have enough resources to provide for everyone here now,
           | and everyone likely to be here within the next several
           | decades--at which point, according to the best predictions
           | I've seen, overall population growth should be slowing or
           | stopping.
        
         | gdhkgdhkvff wrote:
         | Because being cynical is the easiest route to feeling smart. It
         | takes no effort to dismiss something.
         | 
         | It's a mindset that unintentionally optimizes short term
         | comfort at the expense of long term growth.
         | 
         | Do you need to be fist pumping and leading the charge? No. But
         | unbound cynicism is really a sad way to live.
        
           | jamiek88 wrote:
           | > Because being cynical is the easiest route to feeling
           | smart. It takes no effort to dismiss something.
           | 
           | This was a difficult lesson I learned only in the past five
           | years or so.
           | 
           | I realized I was aping my asshole father.
           | 
           | Being more open to people and ideas has been way more fun.
        
             | powerhour wrote:
             | > Being more open to people and ideas has been way more
             | fun.
             | 
             | I recently had the same realization. I haven't fully
             | squelched the cynicism but I am trying hard to assume the
             | best of people, that they're posting in good faith, and to
             | take them at their word. It's definitely more difficult but
             | I feel it is more satisfying.
             | 
             | Further, I try to avoid this scenario:
             | https://xkcd.com/386/ I find it not only exhausting but
             | also unproductive.
        
         | tjr225 wrote:
         | How old are you?
        
         | jeromenerf wrote:
         | I find the initiative somehow formidable, commending hope and
         | thus the fear of seeing it fail.
        
       | phtrivier wrote:
       | Is the project independantly assessed by anyone ? (UN, press,
       | etc... ?) Of course I'm on the "doubting" side (bad habit), but I
       | can't wait for being wrong about doomism once in a while
        
       | hunglee2 wrote:
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't post unsubstantive and/or flamebait comments to
         | HN. We're trying for a different quality of discussion here.
         | 
         | If you want to write something substantive and relevant about
         | that, or anyone/anything else, that's of course fine.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | finiteseries wrote:
         | _American and British naval forces fired over 110 Tomahawk
         | cruise missiles, while the French Air Force, British Royal Air
         | Force, and Royal Canadian Air Force undertook sorties across
         | Libya and a naval blockade by Coalition forces. French jets
         | launched air strikes against Libyan Army tanks and vehicles.
         | The intervention did not employ foreign ground troops._
         | 
         |  _The effort was initially largely led by France and the United
         | Kingdom, with command shared with the United States._
         | 
         |  _Both Libyan officials and international states and
         | organizations called for a no-fly zone over Libya in light of
         | allegations that Muammar Gaddafi 's military had conducted
         | airstrikes against Libyan rebels in the Libyan Civil War._
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_...
        
           | ping00 wrote:
           | Sorry, not sure why you expanded on this particular event.
           | Could you explain if I missed something? :)
        
             | finiteseries wrote:
             | I doubt you've missed HN having a slightly higher standard
             | of commentary than other social media sites, and non
             | moderators' parts in keeping it that way.
             | 
             | Being irrationally Americentric while simultaneously
             | condescending to Europeans in characterizing the Libyan
             | intervention as "US" gets both basic recent history wrong,
             | and promulgates US > EU sentiment worryingly present on HN.
             | 
             | I'm doing my part, would you like to know more?
        
         | m0llusk wrote:
         | The idea of limiting the expansion of the Sahara desert with
         | mass tree plantings started gaining traction back in the 1950s.
         | The people most closely associated with this idea are British.
         | Qaddafi died when he was mutilated by other Libyans.
        
           | calibas wrote:
           | Other Libyans who happened to be backed by NATO.
           | 
           | Qaddafi was no saint, quite the opposite, but that shouldn't
           | give Western countries a free pass to go directly interfere
           | in Libyan politics. It has very little to do with helping
           | Libyans, and much more to do with the fact that Libya happens
           | to be located on the largest oil reserves in Africa.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Biologist123 wrote:
       | This project is not thought to be going well.
       | 
       | https://www.lifegate.com/africas-great-green-wall-a-bursting...
       | 
       | Having worked within the sector, there was a clear lack of
       | interest in or budget for monitoring - so claims of success must
       | be met with requests for verifiable evidence, which is never
       | forthcoming.
        
         | tinco wrote:
         | Wouldn't a project of this size be easily monitored with
         | publicly available sattelite imagery? If there was funding, you
         | could structure it purely based on the imagery, for example a
         | country could receive ~1M$ for every 10px of green that was not
         | green at the start of the project. And another ~1M$ if those
         | pixels are still green 5 years later, and perhaps some
         | diminishing recurring payment afterwards to ensure the projects
         | survival.
        
           | Biologist123 wrote:
           | The problem is this:
           | 
           | 1. Tree survival is an issue before the trees become
           | "visible" from space.
           | 
           | 2. Project funding typically lasts 3-5 years at a max.
           | 
           | 3. In the organisations which run this type of project, there
           | is an "I'll be gone, you'll be gone" staff problem: flawed
           | projects are funded and staffed by people who know they won't
           | carry the can for project failure.
           | 
           | 4. To be very realistic, funders of these projects don't
           | care. Indeed, corruption might be a feature rather than a
           | bug.
        
             | tinco wrote:
             | Ah that's unfortunate. I'm sure there's technological
             | solutions to point 1, but that's pretty irrelevant if the
             | other three points are true. It seems a bit ridiculous if a
             | project funding is 3-5 years, if it's supposed to be a
             | permanent solution.
             | 
             | Are corrupt funders really such a large share of money for
             | these projects? Is it industrial companies using non-profit
             | funding to grease wheels for their endeavors?
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | Allegedly it has already had an effect on rainfall but I
         | haven't found anything refereed on the topic (not that I tried
         | too hard -- not my day job).
         | 
         | Also the effect is allegedly improved monsoon in some places
         | (at the cost of drought elsewhere). I'd think that the cost
         | alone would have given rise to some interesting papers, were it
         | actually happening.
         | 
         | All that being said, I'm still encouraged by some efforts,
         | though they remind me of protectors trying to repair the
         | ramjets at the edge of the ringworld.
        
       | monetus wrote:
       | This has been ongoing / in the works for a long time and the
       | methods they are embracing now are more likely to succeed in the
       | long term. A mono-culture of out-of-place trees, it is not. It is
       | country by country so there are some problems around coordination
       | and equal funding iirc
        
       | lettergram wrote:
       | 8000-10000 years ago the entire desert this wall is supposedly
       | going to block was green.
       | 
       | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-really-tu...
        
         | twic wrote:
         | Yes, that's when Atlantis was there:
         | 
         | https://medcraveonline.com/IJH/is-atlantis-related-to-the-gr...
        
         | singularity2001 wrote:
         | Then came the first instance of catastrophic human steered
         | overgrazing
        
           | ch4s3 wrote:
           | All of the comments supporting this are by people who have
           | failed to so much as google this topic. The Sahara used to
           | get monsoon rains until about 11kya to 5kya[1] when the axis
           | of the earth shifted a bit.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-
           | really-tu...
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | How much desertification in Africa is caused by humans?
           | 
           | My impression has been that the Sahara, North Africa, the
           | Middle East, and eastern Mediterranean were all gradually
           | becoming dryer anyway. Is that wrong?
        
             | juunpp wrote:
             | Yes, that was my understanding too. I don't have a solid
             | ref for this now, but as far as I can tell, the entry here
             | should be relatively accurate:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_humid_period
             | 
             | It is true that the Holocene extinction and other events
             | are caused by humans, and that, in the larger scheme of
             | things, life on Earth would thrive better without us. But
             | it is a fallacy to pretend everything is caused by us, and
             | such claims only make conversations about real change
             | caused by us more muddy than they need to be.
             | 
             | At any rate, don't take "facts" from a magazine.
        
           | lettergram wrote:
           | That's not true at all lol, complete BS. For one, the amount
           | of grazing required for that is absolutely larger than
           | anything we have today.
           | 
           | We exited an ice age, which created conditions which helped
           | to create pastures. Climate change has been happening far
           | longer than humans have impacted it (not saying humans aren't
           | impacting it).
           | 
           | Further, grazing makes fields more robust if done property.
           | Grasses will grow faster to compensate and the poop enhances
           | the conditions to create fields.
        
             | nerdponx wrote:
             | > the amount of grazing required for that is absolutely
             | larger than anything we have today
             | 
             | Who's to say that there wasn't more grazing (by area) back
             | then?
             | 
             | > Further, grazing makes fields more robust if done
             | property.
             | 
             | I'm not a farmer, but I know that this depends a lot on
             | what is doing the grazing. Sheep for example apparently
             | graze the grass down really far, and prevent the growth of
             | bushes and tree saplings that are otherwise important for
             | balancing the ecosystem.
             | 
             | In the US in the 1800s, there was outright armed conflict
             | between sheep and cattle ranchers over this issue:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheep_Wars
             | 
             | And as far as I know, England and Scotland lack trees
             | specifically because overgrazing prevented forests from
             | regenerating after being cut for timber:
             | https://youtu.be/nAGHUkby2Is
        
               | towaway15463 wrote:
               | You need people to herd animals. There weren't nearly the
               | same number of people back then. The people who were
               | around would have been largely nomadic especially if they
               | were herding animals since they would need to move their
               | herds to different grazing land depending on the season.
               | Those aren't conditions that create overgrazing which
               | occurs when you have a lot of people with a lot of
               | animals using limited pasture land that's broken up by
               | property lines and agriculture.
        
               | pineaux wrote:
               | Actually, this is not the real problem. It's not the
               | herding of animals that's creates the overgrazing. It's
               | the large scale killing of predators. This creates huge
               | herds of grazers that absolutely destroy the landscape.
               | This is how the savannah and the great plains where
               | created. To protect their herd and children; natives
               | killed the lions, saber tooths, wolves, hyenas, big cats
               | and bears. In effect creating the great grassy plains.
               | Not saying that humans created all the large grassy
               | plains; just saying they have become substantially bigger
               | since humans are around.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | I would need to see a source for this, because it doesn't
               | sound plausible to me. Populations were lower of course,
               | but look at how much of the population is concentrated in
               | city centers today.
               | 
               | I would hardly be surprised if rural population density
               | was significantly higher than in the past, with more
               | farms as well as more grazing herds, even if they were
               | much smaller than what we have today.
               | 
               | But I also don't really know if this squares with the
               | sheer amount of meat and dairy that modern humans
               | consume. How much does factory farming offset the need
               | for open grazing land?
               | 
               | Basically, this is a subject area where intelligent
               | clever people get themselves into trouble by thinking
               | they know more than they do. I'd rather see what the
               | experts say.
        
               | gpapilion wrote:
               | One reason cited for lack of new sequoia growth in the
               | Sierra Nevada is introduction of sheep towards the later
               | period of Spanish colonization, and continued through
               | early 1900s with the US taking over.
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | spaceman_2020 wrote:
       | They say that 15% of the work is complete. Is there any way to
       | see this on Google Earth?
        
       | justinzollars wrote:
       | Doing this is the opposite of being a doomer. I love the concept
       | of terraforming the desert and desert walls. This is positive,
       | inexpensive and we should do much more of this.
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | Yeah, I'm not sure it will work but I like that it's proactive
         | and unlikely to have any negative effects other than
         | opportunity cost.
        
         | Comevius wrote:
         | Planting trees without any sense of how they would become a
         | viable ecosystem is pointless. Forests are complex ecosystems.
         | Businesses do this because it's the cheapest sustainability
         | strategy. These are economic project that not only don't put a
         | single dent on climate change, they make it worst. The easiest
         | solutions are often the worst.
        
           | overtonwhy wrote:
           | A bunch of wild claims with zero references to back them up.
           | Poster is making massive assumptions about how these
           | organizations operate. They clearly are talking out of their
           | ass if you research the established organizations working in
           | this field https://www.internationaltreefoundation.org/our-
           | work
        
           | googlryas wrote:
           | How does this make climate change worse?
           | 
           | Isn't it possible for a complex ecosystem to develop without
           | knowing exactly how it happens? My compost heap hosts a
           | fairly complex ecosystem - more complex than I understand,
           | and I created it merely by heaping my yard waste and food
           | scraps in the corner of my lot.
           | 
           | If someone gave you $15B, how would you use it to put a dent
           | in climate change?
        
       | c54 wrote:
       | I couldn't find details about the logistics and design of the GGW
       | itself. I know the similar Chinese project largely failed because
       | they planted a monocrop of trees in perfect grid formation, which
       | turns out doesn't create a self-sustaining forest.
       | 
       | Is this mistake getting fixed with the GGW? Are they planting a
       | diversity of native drought-tolerant species over a varying
       | timeline to allow for trees of different ages?
        
         | kleton wrote:
         | Indeed, there is a "technical brief" on their site, which has
         | no technical details but a lot of information about how they
         | can get funding from World Bank and other NGOs.
         | 
         | https://static1.squarespace.com/static/564a15a0e4b0773edf86e...
        
           | the_gipsy wrote:
           | That's the point of the website. Not getting armchair expert
           | leaning in to give orders.
        
             | picsao wrote:
        
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