[HN Gopher] A 74xx-Defined Radio (2021)
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       A 74xx-Defined Radio (2021)
        
       Author : _Microft
       Score  : 97 points
       Date   : 2022-07-13 18:45 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (acidbourbon.wordpress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (acidbourbon.wordpress.com)
        
       | dpifke wrote:
       | I've always heard this technique referred to as a "Tayloe
       | converter" (or "Tayloe mixer"), and it is commonly seen in SDR
       | radios.
       | 
       | I believe this is the original article from the 90's which
       | popularized the idea:
       | https://norcalqrp.org/files/Tayloe_mixer_x3a.pdf [PDF]
        
       | jschroedl wrote:
       | I'll have to build one of these when I find the time. I wonder
       | how hard it would be to turn it into a SSB receiver.
        
         | gnramires wrote:
         | I don't have much circuit expertise, but in theory I believe
         | demodulating SSB can be done by mixing (multiplying) a sine
         | wave 2x the SSB center frequency, and summing that with the
         | original signal (and then filtering the large frequency
         | residues of course). This brings the opposite bands next to
         | each other (then you can demodulate as DSB normally).
        
         | orionion wrote:
         | Spock: "I am attempting to construct a Mnemonic memory circuit
         | using stone knives and bear skins."
        
         | H_Pylori wrote:
        
       | grendelt wrote:
       | This is basically what the SoftRock SDR kit is.
       | 
       | The build instructions' schematic is basically a color-coded
       | block diagram of what all is needed for an SDR. A super fun,
       | informative build.
       | 
       | http://www.wb5rvz.org/softrock_lite_ii/index/projectId=8
        
       | deepspace wrote:
       | I knew there was going to be a 74HC4046 in there before clicking
       | the link. It is a venerable old workhorse.
       | 
       | When I was studying EE, 40 years ago, one of our professors
       | always wore a lab coat with a pocket full of 4046s. He used to
       | roam the labs and offer one to students struggling with designs.
       | 
       | It is such a versatile chip, with a VCO and _three different_
       | phase comparators. If you have to do anything related to
       | modulation and /or demodulation of signals below a few 10s of
       | MHz, it may just solve your problem.
        
       | nousermane wrote:
       | Analog multiplexer employed as an RF mixer is pure genius.
       | 
       | Of course you can only drive it with square-wave, and mixing with
       | square-wave, intuitively, feels like a terrible idea (think of
       | all the harmonics!). But surprisingly, listening to the recording
       | of the whole thing working, end result sounds A-okay!
        
         | jleahy wrote:
         | If you think about how a diode mixer works then you're using a
         | square wave LO, same for a Gilbert cell.
         | 
         | Remember, a square wave is just a sum of odd harmonics. The
         | only downside is that a strong signal at a multiple of the
         | signal of interest might get aliased into your IF. Hence
         | bandpass filtering on the input is important.
        
       | lxe wrote:
       | I always prefer the FFT/waterfall visualizations instead of
       | amplitude/time scope graphs when talking about mixing and
       | modulation. Makes it way simpler to reason about I think.
        
       | gaudat wrote:
       | There is a high level mixer (I think it's called that) design
       | that uses a 3157 video switch chip. I tried to build one a while
       | ago and found some manufacturers putting the chip under the 74LVC
       | series. I thought this article is about that chip but this is
       | mone amazing.
        
       | nynyny7 wrote:
       | When I had my "I want to build my own SDR" phase ;) ca. 15 years
       | ago, I also used analog switches as a switching mixer - with a
       | PLL running at 4x the desired frequency so I could utilize
       | dividers to get nice 0deg, 90deg, 180deg, 270deg LO signals for
       | IQ mixing. Brings back memories...
        
         | cardiffspaceman wrote:
         | In the 70's the company I worked for made a receiver for fixed
         | frequencies within 10KHz-13KHz. The architecture roughly was
         | discrete time analog, and an analog switch was available that
         | took a digital selection and routed the indicated analog input
         | to the analog output. That block was used to control the
         | sampling for a filter by cycling through the selections. The
         | rest of the design was over my head in those days, since I was
         | the software guy and the software wasn't controlling that.
        
       | ranger207 wrote:
       | How do you learn something like this? I'm ok at digital
       | electronics, but doing all this weird radio analog stuff is
       | something I don't even know where to start to learn about
        
         | nomel wrote:
         | Dig deep into understanding capacitors, inductors, and all the
         | first order math around them, then impedance, then get a grasp
         | of the hidden capacitors in inductors, and the hidden inductors
         | in capacitors, and you'll be in a pretty good position, with a
         | path that you should be able to see fairly well.
        
         | solomonb wrote:
         | The ARRL Handbook is a wonderful place to start.
        
         | Ao7bei3s wrote:
         | Of course there's EE university courses, but generally,
         | experimentation. You can get really far in electronics with
         | learning by doing.
         | 
         | If you don't know where to start, ham radio is one traditional
         | gateway.
         | 
         | Whether or not you get the license is secondary (I think most
         | interested people should get it; especially in the US where the
         | lowest license class is ridiculously easy - if you know basic
         | electronics already and cram today with https://hamstudy.org/,
         | you could probably have a Technician class license by end of
         | tomorrow - and then you can legally build your own transmitters
         | or buy some cheap radios and transmit with those. Transmitting
         | is more fun than only receiving.).
         | 
         | The real value is all the structure around it (e.g. 1. there
         | are books that start from zero electronics knowledge and end at
         | several types of complete transmitters/receivers. The ARRL
         | publishes some; 2. the license is a tangible learning milestone
         | to work towards; 3. all basic transmitters/receivers have been
         | done thousands of times so you can find something online and
         | copy it to learn from it. The ham community also has many DIY
         | kits you can just buy and build and experiment with.)
         | 
         | Eventually you'll find that you have enough background to use
         | more "professional" resources (e.g. data sheets, real academic
         | textbooks / professional books, etc.) (at least if you have
         | some math background from another field, e.g. CS), build more
         | complicated things etc.
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | I like the little prototyping modules. One has a few pots,
       | another the logic chips ... they seem to all take their power
       | with wire pairs that join a narrow "power-bus module". 3D printed
       | boxes with prototyping PCBs... Looks like fun.
        
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       (page generated 2022-07-13 23:00 UTC)