[HN Gopher] Show HN: Inflation-adjusted stock charts - Total Rea...
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       Show HN: Inflation-adjusted stock charts - Total Real Returns
        
       Here's a little side project I've been working on:
       https://totalrealreturns.com/ The Total Real Returns chart
       demonstrates the preservation or growth of real wealth more clearly
       than conventional (nominal-dollar, price-only) stock charts,
       because: (1) we include the effects of inflation-diminished
       purchasing power, and (2) we include the effects of reinvesting
       dividends from the initial investment.  I found it harder to
       explain the y-axis in words than it was to do the math, so please
       let me know if you think the "baguettes" explanation on the
       homepage helps.  I was up until 4am ET finishing some features on
       this, and then at 8:30am ET the BLS released the new CPI numbers
       through their API: https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/cu/ and
       I was able to manually re-run my daily cronjob with the new
       numbers, so it's up to date! If you catch any bugs, please let me
       know via the "Report a bug" link in the footer of every page.  Some
       FAANG examples: https://totalrealreturns.com/s/META
       https://totalrealreturns.com/s/GOOGL
       https://totalrealreturns.com/s/AMZN
       https://totalrealreturns.com/s/AAPL
       https://totalrealreturns.com/s/NFLX  Comparing three Vanguard
       treasury funds, showing vividly the impact of bond duration (short-
       term, intermediate-term, long-term) on both risk and reward:
       https://totalrealreturns.com/s/VFISX,VFITX,VUSTX
        
       Author : compumike
       Score  : 347 points
       Date   : 2022-07-13 12:55 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (totalrealreturns.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (totalrealreturns.com)
        
       | artursapek wrote:
       | What a dope tool, thanks for building it! I love clean, simple
       | dataviz websites like this.
        
       | fundamental wrote:
       | If the goal is to demonstrate relative performance over time,
       | wouldn't it be useful to use a normalization such that all lines
       | either start at the same point (e.g. simulating investing X
       | amount) or ending at the same point (showing requirement to get
       | to X final amount)?
        
         | georgeecollins wrote:
         | Isn't the comparison of relative performance in the trend line?
         | That's a year over year % change for every asset, so it doesn't
         | matter what value you start with.
        
         | compumike wrote:
         | I think that's a reasonable idea and I may try including that
         | option in the future. Right now, the start point is quite
         | arbitrary: it's the first date where we have data for all the
         | symbols requested. And date ranges dramatically affect any sort
         | of relative performance comparison. So in the current code I
         | decided to just normalize to today's nominal-dollar value so
         | that the end values are relatable.
         | 
         | What would the ideal UX be on this?
        
           | ricardobayes wrote:
           | Start every asset at 100k? I might be oversimplifying
           | something, but it would really help to see how each asset
           | performed over time.
        
           | fundamental wrote:
           | If you want to have ragged starting information displaying
           | pricing information for the various symbols in the range
           | they're defined, I'd assume it's much more common that
           | there's different start dates, but they're all defined for
           | today. So, you could have a single checkbox to normalize
           | based upon equal value at today's value and I'd default to
           | having that on. As your baguette argument about the absolute
           | values not having huge significance still applies it seems
           | like it would work with no other modifications (i.e. it
           | doesn't matter that it could require fractional shares and
           | the like).
        
           | mediaman wrote:
           | Just index it all to the same starting value, which will have
           | the same effect. I don't think this works for the drawdown
           | chart but works for the total return chart.
           | 
           | Usually in economic and financial reporting you show multiple
           | return series by saying, for example, 1989 = 100 and then
           | showing the total return from there for multiple series in
           | the same chart.
        
           | kaimaoi wrote:
           | Growth of $10K (growth of a hypothetical $10,000 investment)
           | is a chart that is commonly-used to illustrate this. Your
           | chart would then have VFINX, VBMFX, and USDOLLAR start with
           | $10,000 on 1987-08-03 and go from there.
        
       | olalonde wrote:
       | Suggestion: it would be nice to have a chart like the first one
       | but where relative changes (%) in value are plotted... That would
       | make it easier to use a linear Y axis instead of a logarithmic
       | one (which can be hard to interpret).
        
       | noja wrote:
       | Which inflation? If I am earning a thousand bucks a month and all
       | my money goes on fixed costs, and those double, my inflation is
       | 100%.
        
         | zie wrote:
         | Clearly they are talking about CPI-U, the common US definition
         | of inflation.
         | 
         | Everyone has their own personal inflation rate, mine in 2021
         | was 1%. We will see how 2022 turns out, but I'm betting it will
         | go up for me.
        
       | e63f67dd-065b wrote:
       | Huh, so portfoliovisualizer but with slightly more convenient
       | shortcuts built in. Looks neat, but way less powerful than just
       | using portfolio visualiser. I've always wondered where the data
       | is sourced; so the exchanges publish this data for all to use, or
       | does everybody have to scrape them together? Obviously if you pay
       | them you'll get real-time data, but all these free tools do leave
       | me wondering.
        
         | compumike wrote:
         | I'm paying for https://eodhistoricaldata.com/ API access.
        
       | workah0lic wrote:
       | I used to calculate this manually whenever I thought about the
       | reality, and whenever wondering if I can retire. This is really
       | cool. One comment though is the mass of company names at the
       | bottom is illegible so I would think a search box + top 20 list
       | would be better
        
         | ezekg wrote:
         | > One comment though is the mass of company names at the bottom
         | is illegible so I would think a search box + top 20 list would
         | be better
         | 
         | Probably for SEO. :)
        
           | compumike wrote:
           | I'd been planning to add an autocomplete symbol search box. I
           | ran out of time because I knew the new CPI data was being
           | released this morning. I wanted to launch the site today, so
           | last night at 3am ET I just added a big list of symbols. But
           | yeah might be good for SEO too :)
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | Really illustrates how well dollar holds to inflation.
        
       | nope96 wrote:
       | Perhaps Gold should be on the front page, as it is always
       | mentioned as a supposed inflation hedge.
       | 
       | also https://www.portfoliovisualizer.com/backtest-asset-class-
       | all... has stock data back to 1971, it would be nice to go back
       | that far.
        
         | throwaway_4ever wrote:
         | Here's an example link:
         | https://www.portfoliovisualizer.com/backtest-asset-class-all...
         | 
         | If you scroll down, under the "Portfolio Growth" chart, you can
         | check "inflation adjusted" to get a common start, something TFA
         | doesn't have.
        
         | odyssey7 wrote:
         | While it's not a security and summarizing its returns is more
         | complex, it would also be interesting to see "home ownership."
        
           | ianai wrote:
           | Wondering whether the Case-Shiller index would be good for
           | this. The problem with RE is broad heterogeneity.
        
       | Drblessing wrote:
       | I've often read Stocks average +10%/year, is this true when
       | factoring in taxes + inflation?
       | 
       | Wondering if other investments that appear less attractive on
       | paper are actually better than traditional equities.
        
         | fleischhauf wrote:
         | aren't they all subject to inflation?
        
       | pedrosorio wrote:
       | Having all lines normalized so they start from a common point at
       | x = 0 would be helpful. That would allow reading the total
       | returns as percentage of the initial (1987) investment and
       | compare them.
       | 
       | Similarly in the drawdown chart, if it starts at 1987, it makes
       | no sense to start the dollar at -81%. If I am looking at a chart
       | from 1987 to 2022, I want to see how the dollar did compared to
       | other assets in that time period.
        
         | ricardobayes wrote:
         | I had the same thought. Having each assets start from the same
         | value (eg. 100k USD) would really help.
        
         | nonethewiser wrote:
         | Is that even possible? Wouldn't that suggest something that is
         | not true?
        
           | epgui wrote:
           | How is it not true? All these numbers are relative, and you
           | can make the choice of comparing them to whatever reference
           | point you want.
        
             | rm999 wrote:
             | The y-axis has actual meaning: it tells you the purchasing
             | power of a public stock, which will never be 0.
             | 
             | What you could do is normalize it by the value of the stock
             | at the start of the chart, which would make the charts
             | start at 1. On a log plot this is the equivalent of
             | dividing all the values by the starting value, which moves
             | the lines up/down but does not change their shape. This
             | _could_ make it easier to compare the lines, but in doing
             | so, you throw out information (the real value of the y
             | axis).
        
               | pedrosorio wrote:
               | > The y-axis has actual meaning: it tells you the
               | purchasing power of a public stock, which will never be
               | 0.
               | 
               | If we are trying to visualize the total return of a given
               | asset since 1987, how is the price of a single stock (an
               | arbitrary unit) in 1987 or any time since, relevant data?
               | 
               | The ROI expressed as a percentage on the y axis (with 0%
               | at the beginning of the period) would be a much better
               | visualization of the relative returns among asset classes
               | throughout the period.
               | 
               | Currently I get USD < VBMXFX < VFINX at the beginning of
               | the chart, for reasons that have nothing to do with the
               | total return since 1987.
               | 
               | The drawdown chart is even more confusing with the USD
               | starting at -81%. If we were plotting a chart of drawdown
               | of multiple currencies, the older ones would start lower
               | (since they've had more time to be affected by inflation)
               | which only makes it hard to visualize the answer to the
               | question "how did they do since 1987".
        
         | kurthr wrote:
         | You don't really need that on a logarithmic plot since the
         | ratio of stock prices is always a constant vertical separation.
         | It is very necessary on linear pricing plots.
        
           | pedrosorio wrote:
           | Can you tell at a glance which asset had a better return
           | since the start date until March of 2009? A plot of total ROI
           | (with all assets starting at y = 0) would make that obvious
           | (for any given end date).
           | 
           | As far as I can tell, the different intercepts just add noise
           | (price of a single stock) that is not helpful to visualize
           | what the plot is supposed to be showing (total returns).
        
       | rrevi wrote:
       | Thanks for sharing compumike! Very cool!!
       | 
       | If you don't mind me asking, why did you choose the Crystal
       | programming language for this project?
        
         | compumike wrote:
         | Crystal https://crystal-lang.org/ is beautiful, highly
         | performant, concise, powerful, well documented. It has a solid
         | standard library and plenty of "shards" (packages) too. It's
         | really the elegance of writing it that I appreciate the most --
         | perhaps even more than I get that elegant feeling from Ruby.
         | The code for the standard library is highly readable and well
         | documented, which is awesome.
         | 
         | In working on this project, I discovered two "superpowers" of
         | Crystal:
         | 
         | The first was macros https://crystal-
         | lang.org/reference/1.5/syntax_and_semantics/... which I used
         | sparingly, but to great effect, when an ordinary method call
         | wouldn't do.
         | 
         | The second was monkeypatching: specifically, it's super easy to
         | reopen existing standard library classes and add a field I
         | need, for example:                   # BEGIN MONKEYPATCH
         | class HTTP::Server::Context           property
         | response_body_cache_key : String? = nil         end         #
         | END MONKEYPATCH
         | 
         | This adds a new field the standard library
         | HTTP::Server::Context https://github.com/crystal-
         | lang/crystal/blob/1.5.0/src/http/... / https://crystal-
         | lang.org/api/1.5.0/HTTP/Server/Context.html so I can specify a
         | cache key near the beginning of a request handler, and later my
         | response middleware picks it up to store the response body.
        
       | mNovak wrote:
       | At a glance this seems to show that bonds are in a historic
       | drawdown. Can anyone ELI5 the implications of that?
        
         | MacsHeadroom wrote:
         | As with any unprecedented economic phenomena, the full
         | implications are unknown.
         | 
         | For one thing, people retiring right now, who followed the best
         | practice of shifting their portfolio towards bonds, are seeing
         | millions wiped out from their individual retirement accounts.
         | 
         | For a huge amount of would-be retirees, this is the difference
         | between being able to afford retirement and being forced to
         | remain in the workforce in the last years of their lives.
        
       | jl2718 wrote:
       | This period has been very special because of the 401k, which is
       | itself part of the growth story of the corporate legal structure.
       | I think this is coming to an end. Corporate boards and officers
       | no longer represent the best long-term interests of the companies
       | and shareholders they represent. It's also a very precarious
       | legal status as an arbitrary judicial ruling can make or break a
       | company. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the corporate
       | bubble is based on arbitrary tax codes that both advantage
       | corporations and push worker savings into the stock market.
       | 
       | Even if these conditions continue unabated, the cash flows from
       | working class into the stock market will eventually hit
       | equilibrium with capital extraction from the owner class. If the
       | extractions return to the same markets, then things stay in
       | equilibrium. They won't, however, because the tax advantaged
       | assets are different for them. They may seek hyper-volatility, or
       | government bond shelters, but will generally avoid the assets on
       | the working class tax treadmill.
       | 
       | There are fundamentals to financial assets that have nothing to
       | do with "number go up", and these will ultimately dictate
       | reality, with the caveat that "the markets will remain irrational
       | longer than you will remain solvent". Rationals get wrecked too,
       | except every once in a while when one gets lucky on their timing
       | and makes so much money that they become a hero and we make
       | movies about them. We cheer because it gives us hope that our
       | intuition will serve us too. Unlikely.
       | 
       | This is all to say that such charts are using an inductive
       | hypothesis to predict an inherently anti-inductive phenomenon.
       | People tithe and sacrifice to their church for a promise of
       | rewards in the afterlife. The stonk religion is the same; well
       | worth the price for your peace of mind. True or not, you'd be a
       | mess without it.
        
         | mechanical_bear wrote:
         | I liked your explanation but you undermine your write up by
         | discussing something you clearly have no business discussing:
         | 
         | >> People tithe and sacrifice to their church for a promise of
         | rewards in the afterlife.
         | 
         | This is a fundamental misunderstanding of tithing and I'm not
         | going to get into that at the moment, but it makes me consider
         | if you are discussing other things in your write up that you
         | don't have experience with as well.
        
           | danans wrote:
           | > This is a fundamental misunderstanding of tithing and I'm
           | not going to get into that at the moment,
           | 
           | To the extent that tithing (or a non Christian equivalent)
           | supports a religious institution's facilities and payroll and
           | programs to be help less well off members of the religious
           | group, it's a bit socialistic, with the huge caveat that - by
           | definition - it is not universal, since to receive such
           | benefits you must usually be an adherent or serious prospect
           | of conversion to the religion.
           | 
           | I'm sure most people realize that their tithing money isn't
           | getting them anything in a presumed afterlife.
        
           | jl2718 wrote:
           | Actually I'm heartened to see people defending religion on
           | HN. Tithing to a church you truly belong to is probably a
           | better use of your money, even purely by personal benefit,
           | than tithing Wall Street. I hope that I've introduced some of
           | those ideas in the text by making a negative comparison to
           | the church. But yes; it was sloppy and possibly interpreted
           | as disparaging of religious practice itself, so for that I
           | apologize.
           | 
           | Meta: this is what I like about Hacker News. I get challenged
           | to maintain disciplined thinking, often at the boundaries of
           | the argument where I casually drift.
        
             | jen20 wrote:
             | I didn't see it as a defense of religion (it did not
             | express an opinion) - more as a correction of your post.
        
         | tomcam wrote:
         | > People tithe and sacrifice to their church for a promise of
         | rewards in the afterlife.
         | 
         | Huh???
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | > People tithe and sacrifice to their church for a promise of
         | rewards in the afterlife.
         | 
         | could you strengthen your argument by omitting casual broad-
         | brush explanations of religion, please?
        
           | jl2718 wrote:
           | Well, I can't anymore, but, I might have instead said
           | something about how religion is commonly maligned for such
           | practices. This is only to show that modern investment
           | practices bear strong elements of ritualistic faith. Your
           | response is most welcome. Thank you.
        
       | whatshisface wrote:
       | How can everything go down at once, doesn't the money have to go
       | somewhere?
       | 
       | Best hypotheses so far along with how to test them:
       | 
       | 1. Perhaps the parts of the CPI that companies in the stock
       | market can produce are being outpaced by the components that are
       | not produced, like real estate, and so can't contribute to an
       | increase in share prices. (How to check: Look up changes in the
       | CPI components, which are detailed in the reports.) (Edit: This
       | does not hold up, almost all the increases are in energy, which
       | is produced and held in reserve by public companies.)
       | 
       | 2. Perhaps the consumer goods in the CPI are increasing in price
       | far more rapidly than prices of goods and services overall,
       | leading to an underestimate of the value of the dollar to anyone
       | except a consumer. (How to check: Since capital goods are
       | eventually used to make consumer goods, this should eventually
       | correct itself. Also, is there a broader version of the CPI?)
       | (Edit: This might be it, although energy is 8% of the CPI and
       | GDP, it is only 4% of the S&P 500.)
       | 
       | 3. Perhaps money is leaving the USD, US bonds, and US stocks and
       | going somewhere else. (How to check: Make these same charts but
       | with broader indices.)
        
         | hobo_mark wrote:
         | Recent noahpinion episode about this very topic:
         | 
         | https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/where-does-the-wealth-go-w...
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | According to that explanation, the index value of a dollar
           | should still go up when the price of all assets goes down.
        
         | PheonixPharts wrote:
         | > How can everything go down at once, doesn't the money have to
         | go somewhere?
         | 
         | How can everything go up at once, doesn't the money have to
         | come from somewhere?
         | 
         | Certainly we can have everything go up whenever we find more
         | resources than we consume. Natural resources, when exploited
         | create value for all. A more energy and resource rich world
         | causes everything to go up.
         | 
         | Why is it so hard to understand that increasing energy and
         | resource constraints causes everything to go down?
         | 
         | And, more specific to our situation, much of the perceived
         | value is _credit_. If I owe you $100,000, as long as you know I
         | 'll pay, you can consider that part of your value. But if I
         | don't make enough to pay you, suddenly you aren't going to get
         | that money.
         | 
         | Our entire global economy is massively over-leveraged and the
         | only way to maintain that is perpetual growth, in a real sense
         | of having access to ever more energy and resources. When the
         | future delivers less than expected we start seeing that value
         | disappear from the books.
        
         | jagtesh wrote:
         | Short unambiguous answer is yes. However, the destination
         | doesn't have to be limited to stock/bond markets. Think
         | property, gold or toilet paper rolls. Last one is a joke.
         | 
         | It's hard to accurately measure investments flowing into
         | property (what part of the world?). There are many variables to
         | consider and I don't think there's a single trend that will end
         | up as a winner. My hypothesis is that we will see many (eg.
         | very wealthy doing X in Y country/city, middle class doing A in
         | B country/city, etc).
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | > _Think property, gold or toilet paper rolls. Last one is a
           | joke._
           | 
           | Since corporations produce commodities, wouldn't gold and
           | toilet paper be on the stock market?
           | 
           | I guess gold reserves (as opposed to production) and property
           | would have a lot of ownership outside the S&P 500. I wonder
           | if there are any super-broad indices that include them in a
           | cap-weighted form.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | The stock prices capture sentiment. The price people are
         | willing to pay given all the other places their money could go.
         | 
         | People are selling in anticipation of the market going lower,
         | to cover debts, to take advantage of lower asset prices,
         | opportunity costs, margin calls, etc.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | When they sell they're wanting money, an equal amount of
           | money to the stock they're selling. That should make the
           | dollar go up by the amount the stock went down.
           | 
           | (I don't really believe this, because it clearly does not
           | describe the chart, but it makes sense and I want to
           | understand why it doesn't work like that.)
        
             | mrkstu wrote:
             | Because money is a notational bookkeeping exercise at this
             | point in time and has been since the dollar went off the
             | gold standard. It can't be affected by demand for things as
             | small as stocks, but only its relative demand to other
             | notational currencies.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | The total US stock market cap is $45T[1] and M2 is
               | $20T[2]. Are you sure currency prices can't be influenced
               | by the stock market?
               | 
               | [1] https://www.statista.com/statistics/1277195/nyse-
               | nasdaq-comp... [2] https://www.federalreserve.gov/release
               | s/h6/current/default.h...
        
               | mrkstu wrote:
               | I think that just furthers the point- there isn't enough
               | 'money' in M2 to 'pay' for all the stocks in the stock
               | market. Yet there that value sits and real estate is
               | another 20+ trillion in land value.
               | 
               | In other words the actual 'money' is a transactional
               | grease for the wheels of commerce- notational/bookkeeping
               | mechanism.
               | 
               | The sale of Apple (the largest value stock in America) as
               | a whole probably couldn't be accomplished in cash only,
               | but even if it was, it'd be mostly notational numbers in
               | an account somewhere and wouldn't 'flood the market' with
               | dollars and crash the value of the currency.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | A change in preferences from holding dollar reserves to
               | holding stocks could change the value of the USD, that's
               | what I am saying.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | Except that you've got a Federal Reserve actively
               | ensuring that there aren't too many (or too few) dollars
               | in circulation for the level of interest rate they want
               | to maintain. They do it by buying and selling bonds
               | rather than stocks, but the principle is the same. So we
               | don't have to worry about shifts in portfolio preferences
               | leading to an unexpected oversupply or undersupply of
               | dollars
               | 
               | But more people wanting to hold AAPL instead of hold cash
               | absolutely will reduce the amount of AAPL stock your $1k
               | is able to buy, of course
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | Maintaining an interest rate isn't the same as
               | maintaining a fixed rate of CPI growth, especially not in
               | the short run.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | Sure, but we're not talking about fixing the rate of CPI
               | growth (stock prices aren't a constituent part of that
               | and don't have a fixed relationship with it).
               | 
               | We're talking about the effect of wealth holders wanting
               | more of their investments in stocks or more of them in
               | cash on the USD. An increase in demand for the liquidity
               | of currency holdings, or an increase in demand for stocks
               | due to perceived improved returns could affect the dollar
               | through knockon effects on availability of credit, but
               | the interest rate for that credit is the price of the bit
               | the Fed fixes.
        
               | mrkstu wrote:
               | Change in preferring the Yen or the Euro, maybe, but I've
               | never read/seen anything that would reinforce the idea
               | that the dollar would be weakened by preference for
               | holding other assets whose values are ultimately figured
               | by their worth _in dollars_.
        
         | rmah wrote:
         | No, the money doesn't have to go anywhere. Nor does it have to
         | come from anywhere when everything goes up at once. Because
         | there is no money involved. It's sort of like asking "where do
         | the pounds go when I lose weight?"
         | 
         | You are conflating using "dollars" when used as a unit to
         | measure the value something, with "dollars" as an asset in the
         | economy when used to conduct trade. This confusion is easy to
         | make (and widespread) because we use the same word for both
         | things.
         | 
         | The vast majority of wealth in an economy is not in monetary
         | form. It's in hard and soft assets: land, buildings,
         | cars/trucks, factories, raw materials, home appliances,
         | copyrights, patents, film libraries, etc. The economic value of
         | all those things is just _measured_ in dollars.
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | Unrealized gains can simply evaporate. If a crap company has a
         | 1 B valuation and it fails, that money is gone. The value in
         | stockholders portfolio just goes down, not to anywhere in
         | particular.
        
         | compumike wrote:
         | Money (cash) is not wealth. Wealth can be created, or
         | destroyed. The clearest explanation I've read for this was a PG
         | essay: http://www.paulgraham.com/wealth.html specifically the
         | "Money Is Not Wealth", "The Pie Fallacy", and "Craftsmen"
         | sections. Of course this essay has a positive/optimistic take
         | on it, but certainly wealth can be destroyed as well.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | That's true, but I am not aware of any wealth indices, only
           | price indices, and price indices can only increase and
           | decrease relative to each other.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _I am not aware of any wealth indices_
             | 
             | Term you're looking for is "benchmark."
        
         | Symmetry wrote:
         | Andrew and Barney are shipwrecked on an island with nothing but
         | their clothes, the cash in their wallets, and a book Andrew
         | has. Barney pays Andrew $100 for the book since he hasn't read
         | it but Andrew already had. Later, after finishing it Andrew is
         | able to buy it back for $80 because it's old to both of them
         | but has a bit of sentimental value for Andrew. The dollar
         | denominated wealth on the island has gone down by $20 but the
         | same stuff and same number of dollars are there.
        
           | roenxi wrote:
           | I liked this explanation. Although to attach to it - in this
           | example the price of the book is set by magic/intuition to
           | illustrate the effect. In the real world, the prices are set
           | by less flexible forces of supply, demand and people
           | estimating valuation - usually in a way that means the price
           | has to fall in some relatively narrow band. But after the
           | dust settles on those inflexible forces, it ends up looking
           | the same as this example.
        
           | andsoitis wrote:
           | I would expect the demand for the book to go down since the
           | entire population has read it.
           | 
           | Of course, you could use the pages to help start a fire for
           | warmth or cooking fish you will be catching.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | The consumer price index on the island has gone from $100 for
           | the basket of one book, to $80 for the same basket, causing
           | an increase in the measured value of currency equal and
           | opposite to the decline in the price of the good. If you made
           | the CPI more realistic by including other goods on the
           | island, this website would show the dollar go up as the stock
           | market (of booksellers with an interest in book prices) went
           | down.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | The book is an asset in this example. CPI isn't relevant,
             | because trading the book does not affect it.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | The book doesn't represent any invested capital, so let's
               | not say that it is an asset. Instead, let's say that
               | there are shares in a book making company, tracked in the
               | index, and also books, which will be in the CPI.
               | 
               | The value of being able to make one book per day is
               | linked to the price of a book, which means that on the
               | island, the CPI and the stock market have to rise and
               | fall together. That causes the stock market and currency
               | to move inversely.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | Do you want an answer to your original question or do you
               | want to try and argue that the stock market and currency
               | move inversely?
               | 
               | Because if you want an answer, you aren't making changes
               | to the example that will help you understand. You're
               | introducing confusing factors that are not needed. The
               | original example gave a neat little illustration of how
               | wealth-as-measured can drop without money disappearing.
               | Don't bring CPI in to it (and stock prices don't drive
               | the CPI so that is a reasonable assumption).
               | 
               | If you want to argue that the two move inversely then go
               | ahead and don't mind me, but you might like to add in
               | some evidence or case studies. And you'll need to be
               | precise about real vs nominal, and probably start
               | modelling other effects.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | My original question was how wealth-as-measured could
               | disappear when dollars were included, not how demand for
               | stocks could shift to demand for dollars. In a market
               | with one good, the value of a dollar must move inversely
               | with the value of the good (no examples needed, it's
               | mathematically tautological) - and that is not what we
               | see happening on the linked page. That's what my question
               | is.
        
               | chordalkeyboard wrote:
               | > In a market with one good, the value of a dollar must
               | move inversely with the value of the good (no examples
               | needed, it's mathematically tautological)
               | 
               | this is incorrect
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | I mean the value of the dollar as measured by the CPI.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | You do mean that, but it doesn't have a lot of bearing on
               | the correctness of your argument. I suspect you've
               | assumed that wealth is neither created or destroyed
               | somewhere in your logic, because what you are saying
               | would make sense if that was an assumption. But that
               | would be a poor assumption if you've made it.
               | 
               | CPI is a tool for adjusting the value of a dollar, but it
               | doesn't have any bearing on the value of the total
               | economy vs the value of all the dollars in existence. All
               | the dollars in existence might buy the entire economy
               | many times over or they might buy a tiny fraction of it.
               | And that ratio changes continuously (both from money
               | creation and economic activity). There is no inverse
               | relationship mediated by the CPI.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | There are three charts on the linked website - bonds,
               | dollars and stocks. None of them are exactly measures of
               | wealth. My question is about how their properties as
               | mutual numeraires could allow them to all fall at the
               | same time.
        
         | peterisza wrote:
         | Money doesn't go into the stock market. If you buy a stock from
         | me today, I can use the exact same money to buy bread tomorrow.
         | That money keeps circulating in the economy, it doesn't go into
         | or out of the stock market.
        
           | nly wrote:
           | Exactly. The current stock price is just the last price it
           | traded at, or some measure of supposed liquidity or depth in
           | the market at some price. That liquidity just exists as
           | unfilled orders or quotes on the order book on an exchange
           | and can vanish in an instant.
           | 
           | The other thing is that buying stock for a company A isn't
           | the same as "investing in" company A, since company A doesn't
           | get your money...it's a secondary market!
           | 
           | As buffet says, the stock market is a voting machine in the
           | short term and a weighing machine in the long-term.
        
       | nathancahill wrote:
       | Needs a way to specify the time range. As you mention on the
       | page, the trend lines are very dependent on the time range.
        
         | kaycebasques wrote:
         | I also just requested this via the feature request form in the
         | footer of the site
        
       | dcolkitt wrote:
       | Would be interesting to insert the classic 60/40 stock/bond
       | portfolio. Maybe also potentially a commodity index as well.
        
       | skyde wrote:
       | I wish the display of "Trendline' and "worst Drawdown" at the top
       | would be calculated based on the selected time interval at the
       | bottom.
       | 
       | For index that have existed for a long time it make comparing
       | with other index hard if we always include the full history.
        
       | adrianmsmith wrote:
       | One suggestion I would have - it's great that you can drag on the
       | graph to choose a different time period. But the data at the top
       | isn't changed by that change of time period, e.g.
       | https://totalrealreturns.com/s/AAPL stays 1980 to current.
       | Obviously Apple wasn't doing well before the return of Steve
       | Jobs, so it'd be nice to see the data for a shorter time period
       | e.g. in my case I'd love to look at e.g. APPL for 2000 onwards.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | snake_doc wrote:
       | Why not use Fed's preferred measure PCEPI for longer term
       | aggregate inflation adjustments? CPI is not adequate for long
       | term adjustments for a variety of reasons.
       | 
       | The common capital market comparison for these equity returns is
       | against real risk-free returns. That benchmark is largely missing
       | here.
        
       | zitterbewegung wrote:
       | This is neat you can see the s&p having gained approximately 6
       | percent on average and inflation targeted almost to be 2 percent.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Total inflation-adjusted returns are what everyone should be
       | looking at when considering investments.
       | 
       | Yet it seems so awfully hard to find that data on stockbrokers
       | sites/apps.
       | 
       | Why?
        
         | compumike wrote:
         | I agree and that's why I decided to build it :)
         | 
         | I think part of the answer is that: (1) it's _very_ hard to
         | explain what that means to most people ( "WTF, why are the
         | historical prices on this chart changing?") beyond simple 2:1
         | splits, and (2) it's hard to get everyone to agree on what
         | inflation metric to trust/use.
        
         | HFguy wrote:
         | Short answer is some combination of (1) That requires work and
         | then they would have to explain to people and (2) People aren't
         | asking for it.
         | 
         | If you want to roll your own, you can use free data from Yahoo
         | and FRED and get there pretty quick.
         | 
         | You should also consider tax implications. For example, trading
         | equities short-term is awful and PL taxed at income rate.
         | Compare that to buying real estate which has a 101 ways to
         | avoid paying taxes.
        
       | kurthr wrote:
       | What I like most about this is the logarithmic plot of prices.
       | That makes multiplicative % return a constant size and allows for
       | easy representation of exponential growth.
        
       | 01100011 wrote:
       | Aren't dividends taxed? If so, you should have a way to set the
       | tax rate for them so folks can evaluate performance in a taxable
       | account vs tax free.
        
       | leethargo wrote:
       | I don't understand the details on how inflation is measured here,
       | but I expected the US Dollar curve to be a constant 1, after the
       | normalization. However, it seems to go down. What does that mean?
       | That the dollar loses value faster than "money is printed"?
        
         | compumike wrote:
         | Here's what the site does behind the scenes:
         | real_price($ASSET, t) = nominal_price($ASSET, t) *
         | (price_level($NOW) / price_level(t))
         | 
         | Where price_level(t) is the CPI-U series (with interpolation).
         | 
         | If t = $NOW, at the right side of the chart, then the fraction
         | goes to 1, so that                   real_price($ASSET, $NOW) =
         | nominal_price($ASSET, $NOW)
         | 
         | (Though many comments are requesting alternative normalization
         | schemes!)
         | 
         | For cash (USDOLLAR), nominal_price(USDOLLAR, t) = 1 for all t
         | -- the nominal price of a dollar bill is always 1. So
         | https://totalrealreturns.com/s/USDOLLAR is plotting a curve
         | that looks like 1/price_level(t). (Actually it's
         | 1*price_level(now)/price_level(t), because of the normalization
         | above.) And you can download price_level(t) from
         | https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/cu/.
        
         | kqr wrote:
         | You're thinking of the inflation adjustment the wrong way
         | around. A dollar earned in 1980, if, saved until today, buys
         | less than it would have then.
        
           | leethargo wrote:
           | Yes, your second sentence makes sense to me.
           | 
           | I guess I imagined the inflation-adjusted value of X to be
           | defined at time t to be something like: value(X, t) /
           | value(USD, t). So, when I substitute USD for X, I get
           | constant 1.
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | That was almost right; the correct denominator is
             | value(USD, SOME_FIXED_TIME). Nominal (i.e. non-inflation-
             | adjusted) use value(USD,t) as the denominator implicitly
             | when priced in dollars (hence the term "dollar
             | denominated")
        
       | nostrademons wrote:
       | Wish it had the 70s, or ideally, the whole 20th century. The
       | 80s-2010s has been a period of unusually low inflation and
       | consistent market returns, buoyed by the end of the Cold War and
       | entry of the developing world into the world economy. There's a
       | good chance that we revert to the mean going forwards and see
       | much more geopolitical instability and resource constraints.
        
         | Teknoman117 wrote:
         | So, what does a young person do these days?
         | 
         | First few years out of college were just "max out 401k
         | contributions into some target fund" + build emergency fund,
         | but now that I've amassed more cash than what an emergency fund
         | requires, what does one do?
         | 
         | Originally, my plan was to use it for a house down-payment, but
         | with the mortgage rates having nearly doubled in the last 6
         | months, that's kind of out of the question at this point
         | (especially having moved to a higher property value area to be
         | closer to friends and family).
         | 
         | Everything I've seen in the news for last few months just seems
         | to say "sorry, the last 50 years was a gravy train, it'll never
         | work that way again, you're screwed".
         | 
         | Both my parents' and grandparents' entire careers existed (or
         | to this point existed) during the "good times", so I'm honestly
         | feeling like I can't just take their advice directly.
         | 
         | Part of me wants to leave my present (tech) job and move to a
         | FAANG type company (for the pay increase), but with all the
         | uncertainty on the horizon, are the big tech companies going to
         | maintain their current headcount or salaries if another '08
         | style recession (or worse) hits? How stable are their revenues
         | if people start spending way less money on things?
        
           | mlcrypto wrote:
           | Born too late to buy 20k House. Born just in time for 20k
           | Bitcoin.
        
           | tootie wrote:
           | House prices are at a peak and stocks are in a trough. Try to
           | make clear economic decisions and don't be enamored with home
           | ownership. A house is a huge illiquid asset that you can live
           | in. There's calculators out there to use but know that buying
           | a house usually only makes sense if you're definitely staying
           | for at least 10 years. And don't be swayed by headlines. Big
           | tech is doing extremely well and isn't slowing down.
        
             | aluminaient wrote:
             | The only time stocks have been this expensive was just
             | before the great depression and just before 2008. They are
             | practically the most overvalued they've ever been, ignoring
             | the last year or two of QE, which were intuitively
             | overpriced. Thinking they are cheap now is how you get
             | burned.
        
               | tootie wrote:
               | By what metric? The P/E ration for the S&P 500 is not
               | historically very high right now.
        
           | anon291 wrote:
           | > Originally, my plan was to use it for a house down-payment,
           | but with the mortgage rates having nearly doubled in the last
           | 6 months, that's kind of out of the question at this point
           | (especially having moved to a higher property value area to
           | be closer to friends and family).
           | 
           | Higher interest rates lead to lower home prices, which should
           | make it easier to make a down payment. Interest rates may
           | double, but mortgage payment amounts typically end up staying
           | the same. You are in a prime position to buy a house. In the
           | next 30 years, mortgage rates will likely decrease and you
           | can refinance to a better rate, and end up paying a lower
           | price for your house than what you would have had mortgage
           | rates stayed low.
        
             | Carp wrote:
             | That's what my plan is. Just waiting/hoping housing prices
             | drop within the next year or two. Been waiting a while now
             | though so who knows if they'll actually come down
        
               | anon291 wrote:
               | Home prices are coming down in my area of Portland, OR,
               | which was already an overpriced market. Homes have been
               | on the market much longer, and several homes have had
               | price reductions in my neighborhood. Ultimately though, I
               | wouldn't try timing the market, if you can afford the
               | down payment, and the monthly, and like the house, I'd go
               | for it. Always time to refinance later.
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | Portland got some pretty negative press in the last few
               | years.
               | 
               | I barely knew Portland existed before that and now I just
               | know I wouldn't want to settle there.
               | 
               | Real estate seems still up in general, I assume because
               | of a mix of inflation and BlackRock / investors
               | overpaying for it to escape all the other failing assets
        
               | ricardobayes wrote:
               | It will be tough finding where the sweet spot is of
               | lowest prices vs still acceptable interest rates.
        
           | loxias wrote:
           | > now that I've amassed more cash than what an emergency fund
           | requires, what does one do?
           | 
           | Pick a few things you can put your money into, which you have
           | confidence won't lose value given a long enough time horizon.
           | For me, this is SPY (highest alpha but needs 10 years to
           | recover). The traditional 60/40 SPY/TLT mix is great.
           | Currency funds also good. VTI & chill is good. Right now the
           | Euro has Dollar parity (ECB isn't fighting inflation
           | aggressively and won't start reducing its balance sheet for a
           | while), maybe throw some of that into the mix.
           | 
           | Sell covered calls to reduce your cost basis.
           | 
           | Don't spend cash. Invest cash, borrow against it at favorable
           | interest rates, and make purchases with the borrowed money.
           | SBLOC, portfolio margin (>100k) can unlock some _cheap_ (75bp
           | above prime) cash.
           | 
           | If I could send a message to myself 20 years ago it would be
           | the above.
           | 
           | All of my words are nonsense, nothing in this comment shall
           | be construed as professional or financial advice. I've been
           | excessively stupid with money far longer than I should.
        
           | Swizec wrote:
           | > So, what does a young person do these days?
           | 
           | Barbell investing from Taleb makes the most sense to me. Cap
           | your downside, go balls out with the rest.
           | 
           | And prioritize long-term assets over cashflow. Revenue
           | generating assets are best.
        
             | throwaway894345 wrote:
             | > Cap your downside, go balls out with the rest.
             | 
             | This doesn't mean anything to me. Can you elaborate? Also,
             | why are revenue generating assets better, and doesn't
             | pursuing revenue generating assets imply prioritizing cash
             | flow? Sorry for the noob questions.
        
               | Swizec wrote:
               | > This doesn't mean anything to me. Can you elaborate?
               | 
               | Taleb elaborates better in his very accessible book(s).
               | The basic idea is to invest/use most of your net worth in
               | "safe" investments, those primarily keeping up with
               | inflation or just barely beating it. If shit hits the
               | fan, you have a cushion to fall back on.
               | 
               | Anything beyond keeping you safe and comfortable enough
               | should go chasing the highest returns possible. So you
               | can partake in as much upside as possible.
               | 
               | Startup comp follows this logic. Enough salary to fund
               | your life and basic savings, equity to chase high upside.
               | 
               | Revenue generating assets are nice because you don't just
               | need to sell for a higher price to make a return. They
               | have intrinsic value. For example owning a profitable
               | business or a rental property.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | Thanks for the explanation. That was very concise and
               | accessible!
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | > Everything I've seen in the news for last few months just
           | seems to say "sorry, the last 50 years was a gravy train,
           | it'll never work that way again, you're screwed".
           | 
           | I first came to Palo Alto in 1984. All the houses were
           | underwater (worth less than their mortgages). The tech boom
           | was over and consensus was that it wasn't coming back. Too
           | bad you missed that!
           | 
           | Just keep investing (dollar cost averaging). Pick your
           | poison: "barbell" as some other comments have suggested or
           | just a couple of very broad index funds. Since you have a
           | long time ahead of you, I'd recommend the latter. You can
           | spend some of it on a down payment when that makes sense to
           | you.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | People tend to not appreciate the struggles that the people
             | before us had. We are looking at their situation with the
             | absolute knowledge that things got better.
             | 
             | We distort the lives of those in the past much in the same
             | way do the people we follow on social media.
        
           | smallerfish wrote:
           | Don't buy a house until the real estate market crashes. Then
           | buy.
           | 
           | I bought a fixer-upper in 2008 for 200k; sold it for 425k 5
           | years later. Recently it sold for 650k (we still get redfin
           | notifications.) In the meantime I bought a house for 625k
           | (nice house with some rough edges) and sold it 18 months ago
           | in covid real estate madness for 950k. We certainly put money
           | into both houses over time, but we'd never have been able to
           | do what we did had we not started at the bottom of the
           | market.
           | 
           | Wait a year or two.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | > Wait a year or two.
             | 
             | The Great Financial Crisis will be the only event of this
             | nature in our lifetimes. The country would need to
             | overbuild like crazy to cause housing to crash like that
             | again.
             | 
             | Everyone is expecting housing prices to fall in "a year or
             | two." I've been hearing this for two years now. The market
             | has a habit of doing the opposite of what people expect it
             | to.
        
               | x3sphere wrote:
               | Housing prices are correcting now, at least in some
               | areas. It's definitely happening in AZ. I've seen drops
               | of almost 15%.
               | 
               | OpenDoor has been taking a loss on a lot of properties it
               | bought over the past few months too.
               | 
               | Considering inventory is up over 2X YOY as well, I expect
               | prices to fall even further here. I'm not sure if it'll
               | get as bad as 08 though, but a 30-40% drop isn't out of
               | the question the way things are headed imo.
               | 
               | The thing is though with rates as high as they are,
               | housing prices dropping this much actually doesn't make
               | affordability any better unless you can pay in cash.
        
             | dvt wrote:
             | > Wait a year or two.
             | 
             | The real estate market won't crash, and it _especially_ won
             | 't crash in high-demand areas (Southern California, the Bay
             | Area, Atlanta, SoFlo, Colorado, etc.). We'll likely see a
             | steep-ish correction in "second-tier" markets, like the
             | ones in Texas, Tennessee, and the Rust Belt (Pittsburgh
             | comes to mind).
        
               | MaxHoppersGhost wrote:
               | If history repeats itself you are dead wrong. During 2008
               | the Texas market barely flinched while California and
               | Florida was tanking. I think Texas won't budge much again
               | considering the consistent flow of people and jobs to
               | Texas in pretty much every major city.
        
             | FooBarWidget wrote:
             | What if the house market crashes in 10 years? Live in a car
             | for 10 years?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | Are "buy" and "live in a car" the only two options?
        
               | FooBarWidget wrote:
               | You can rent, but that's money wasted. The longer you
               | rent, the longer you didn't invest. Also rents are higher
               | than mortgage payments, making it worse.
        
               | GoldenStake wrote:
               | But are rents higher than the mortgage + insurance +
               | maintenance + lack of liquidity + the potential home
               | value changes. If the expectations is that the home value
               | are dropping, the math seems pretty simple.
               | 
               | But in a different financial environment, maybe a few
               | years from now, your expectations might be different and
               | the math works out differently
        
           | gabereiser wrote:
           | Go for the house down payment and refinance once the rates go
           | down. A few percentage points aren't going to make much
           | difference near term.
        
             | garrickvanburen wrote:
             | To me, <~6% APR is still a buy signal.
        
           | cercatrova wrote:
           | You do the same thing that was recommended for the past 100
           | years, invest in VTI and chill.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dsomers wrote:
         | IIRC the book 'Common Sense on Mutual Funds' has data going
         | that far back with charts. I believe the period from the start
         | of the 20th century until the 70s had similar inflation
         | adjusted returns. However, for the early data I think it was
         | really just measuring the largest companies in the country that
         | made up the original Dow. Although, the author argues that's a
         | fine comparison because the 30 largest companies in the country
         | represent the large majority of the top 500 index in terms of
         | cap today-- he further argues that over the long term small cap
         | and large cap stocks give similar returns regardless.
        
       | Invictus0 wrote:
       | Does this account for dilutive secondary offerings?
       | 
       | Edit: I thought about it some more and now I realize this is a
       | dumb question.
        
         | compumike wrote:
         | Only implicitly. (In that, via market behavior, the nominal
         | price-per-share might drop when companies increase the number
         | of shares outstanding.) But I believe that's all that's needed?
        
       | loeg wrote:
       | What is the Total Real Drawdown chart supposed to show? Does it
       | just reset where 0% is every time the fund reaches a new market
       | high?
        
         | elil17 wrote:
         | Yes, that's correct.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | Seems like a kind of useless visualization?
        
       | nemo44x wrote:
       | As of today, you need about 12% returns to break even after
       | inflation and the IRS eat your return. Anything less than that
       | and you are effectively losing. Especially annoying that capital
       | gains taxes will be paid on any profits, even those less than
       | inflation. Time for a new rule.
        
         | zaroth wrote:
         | Inflation is a good reason _why_ long term capital gains rates
         | are lower than income tax rates.
         | 
         | You can argue about the timeframe and getting the whole break
         | after 1 year versus maybe giving larger breaks the longer you
         | hold, but that's the weeds.
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | Principal should be adjusted for inflation. If I invest $10k
           | and the investment is worth $11k today but we've experienced
           | 10% inflation in that time then my actual profit is 0 and I
           | should pay no tax on the $1k of proceeds.
        
         | throwawaylala1 wrote:
         | Wouldn't you lose more just by sitting on cash? Even now?
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | Yeah, unless you have it earmarked for something today it
           | isn't worth having cash lying around except for buffer funds.
           | It's a bad time all around right now. Best off sitting on
           | investments for the foreseeable future.
        
         | danuker wrote:
         | You can get ROIs better than the stock market.
         | 
         | Some examples are education, and if you own a home, an energy
         | audit.
        
       | rrevi wrote:
       | "Rendered by the Crystal programming language in 739 us."
       | 
       | Very nice!
        
       | kaycebasques wrote:
       | Thank you for creating this. I appreciate its value and encourage
       | you to keep going.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Over 30 years, you did OK. But there were 10 year down periods.
        
       | jackallis wrote:
       | amy "only issue" is now what? sure chart looks to good to look;
       | there is good info but what actions do i take now that inflation
       | eats everything, like salt to metal.
        
       | moneywoes wrote:
       | Where can I see the percent return inflation adjusted not just
       | the trend line?
        
         | compumike wrote:
         | I'm not currently showing this directly because it's so
         | sensitive to the specific start and end dates. :-/ (Is there a
         | good UX for that?)
         | 
         | For now you could calculate it by mousing-over the dates your
         | interested in and reading the values off the chart legend.
        
       | lostmsu wrote:
       | No cryptos?
        
         | compumike wrote:
         | You can use ETFs that hold those assets, for example:
         | https://totalrealreturns.com/s/GBTC,ETHE
        
           | lostmsu wrote:
           | No, you really can not: https://habr-
           | com.translate.goog/ru/post/675802/?_x_tr_sl=ru&...
        
             | dmurdoch wrote:
             | Well, you're both right and wrong. He's right You CAN, but
             | your linked article is also 100% correct, GBTC / trusts are
             | absolutely NOT etf's.
             | 
             | There are however etfs for crypto in other districts (I
             | hold for example ethx.b, a canadian ETF that tracks ETH
             | within my RRSP).
        
               | lostmsu wrote:
               | Well, the funds you mentioned are not on the website.
        
       | TekMol wrote:
       | I tried to look at QQQ to see the performance of the Nasdaq 100
       | with dividends reinvested:
       | 
       | https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?symbol=NASDAQ%3AQQQ
       | 
       | But the difference is so small. Nasdaq 100 even performing
       | better. Does QQQ pay out dividends or does the management fee eat
       | up so much that the dividends get cancelled out?
       | 
       | Since the development is so similar to the index, I guess they
       | pay dividends.
       | 
       | How can one see the Nasdaq 100 performance with dividends
       | reinvested?
        
       | freeqaz wrote:
       | The baguette bit is what made it "click" for me. Thank you!
        
       | simmons wrote:
       | Very neat! It's easy to be discouraged seeing how much my
       | investments have fallen in recent months. But this graph makes it
       | seem like the stock market could still be on track, producing
       | slow and steady gains in the long term, when we consider that the
       | crazy bull market of the last couple of years was an aberration.
       | (No guarantees about where the stock market goes from here, of
       | course.)
       | 
       | Now, if only I had a crystal ball, or at least was more in tune
       | with the world of finance so I could have ridden the ups and
       | downs more effectively. ;)
        
       | Barrera wrote:
       | The trick is the to get those inflation-adjusted returns you need
       | 100% time exposure. No selling because circumstances force you
       | to. No selling because you get spooked at a 50% drawdown. Not
       | many people can tolerate even a 20% hit, which explains a lot
       | about the situation the world economy finds itself in.
        
         | compumike wrote:
         | You're right, and the conventional advice has been to have a
         | mix of stocks and bonds, with bonds to reduce volatility and
         | preserve some of the wealth that you might need to access in
         | the shorter term. However, what's unusual about the past few
         | months is that bonds have been getting whacked too!
         | 
         | Here's a comparison of four Vanguard funds, with stock:bond
         | ratios of 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 respectively:
         | https://totalrealreturns.com/s/VASGX,VSMGX,VSCGX,VASIX What I
         | find interesting is that they are all experiencing significant
         | and comparable drawdowns right now.
         | 
         | Here are treasury bonds with a comparison between duration:
         | https://totalrealreturns.com/s/VFISX,VFITX,VUSTX
         | 
         | And here are corporate bonds with a comparison between
         | duration: https://totalrealreturns.com/s/VFSTX,VFICX,VWESX
         | 
         | Even inflation-protected bonds (TIPS) are in trouble:
         | https://totalrealreturns.com/s/VIPSX
         | 
         | So right now, bonds are not doing much to provide the short-
         | term real wealth preservation that lets people take the 100%
         | time exposure risk.
        
           | tunesmith wrote:
           | Bond funds are different than bonds. With bonds, you can hold
           | them to maturity and not get whacked.
        
             | jlawson wrote:
             | You can hold bond funds to the maturity date of the
             | underlying bonds and get the same result (minus fees).
             | 
             | But in either case, you still get whacked with inflation,
             | which would show up on this chart as a drop.
        
           | wing-_-nuts wrote:
           | I'm of the old school bogleheads mentality. I've typically
           | been ageInBonds since I started investing after the great
           | recession. While I _expect_ poor stock performance, I am
           | pretty shook by the poor returns on bonds. I accepted _years_
           | of poor performance with the expectation that they would
           | cushion the blow during the next recession, and they have
           | done _nothing_.
           | 
           | I don't know how long, or how bad this recession will be, but
           | I will likely be much less willing to hold bonds going
           | forward.
        
         | smt88 wrote:
         | > _No selling because you get spooked at a 50% drawdown._
         | 
         | This is common-sense trading advice anyway. If short-term
         | losses spook you into selling, you're probably doing too much
         | stock-picking and are not long enough.
         | 
         | In fact, this is the often-cited reason that active investors
         | can't beat index funds consistently.
        
         | TheFreim wrote:
         | This is why I don't follow how my portfolio is doing, knowing
         | doesn't give me much actual information and can often encourage
         | bad behavior (admittedly I don't have many investments compared
         | to many).
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | My philosophy is essentially buy low, hold forever.
           | 
           | I don't put money that I might realistically need in the
           | market
        
             | deathanatos wrote:
             | I mean... that defeats the point, no? Surely you must plan
             | to use the money _at some point_ , even if that is just
             | enjoying the end of your days. That's still a time horizon.
             | 
             | > _I don 't put money that I might realistically need in
             | the market_
             | 
             | While it's great that you might have a time horizon far,
             | far into the future, not everyone has that luxury. In
             | _theory_ , I'm supposed to purchase a home & start a family
             | around this point in my life, so that's a rather quick time
             | horizon for at least some portion of my wealth.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | My strategy is to ignore it until about my late 40s early
               | 50s and then start slowly cycling it over into more
               | reasonable investments and bonds.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I think you have a point. I should have been more clear.
               | What I'm saying is I don't account for anticipated
               | withdraw when investing. That's not to say I don't or
               | won't do it, just that it's not a consideration when
               | putting the money in.
               | 
               | I treat the question of if I can afford to take money out
               | or if it is a good time to take money out as an entirely
               | separate topic.
               | 
               | I found that trying to optimize investing and weigh risks
               | for a short-term Horizon will drive you crazy.
        
           | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
           | I'm with you.
           | 
           | I consider this an area where the burden of knowledge will
           | hit you pretty hard. Time suck along with stress, and
           | performing at best case a few percent over an automated
           | "MODERATE RISK" button.
           | 
           | I don't have any more time in my life to track anything with
           | the degree that it would take to "be good" at it.
        
       | nestvine wrote:
       | What tech stack are you using? The speed is impressive.
        
         | compumike wrote:
         | BACKEND:
         | 
         | It's about 3000 lines of Crystal code https://crystal-lang.org/
         | -- it's been an absolute dream to program in. Ruby-like syntax,
         | statically compiled performance. Nice standard library. Would
         | recommend :)
         | 
         | Performance == caching
         | 
         | Local ephemeral filesystem for shortest-term caching.
         | 
         | Redis for shared medium-term caching and locking.
         | 
         | S3-compatible object storage for longest-term caching (for raw
         | data feeds pulled every evening by a cronjob).
         | 
         | FRONTEND:
         | 
         | Bootstrap
         | 
         | uPlot https://github.com/leeoniya/uPlot
         | 
         | Just a sprinkle of inline JS+CSS on the page.
        
           | leeoniya wrote:
           | uPlot spotted in the wild! <3
        
             | compumike wrote:
             | uPlot is great! Thank you for building it! :)
        
       | adrianmsmith wrote:
       | Visually it's a really nice looking site. If I may offer one
       | suggestion, it would be to use a minus sign (unicode U+2212) for
       | the negative numbers - by default, for historical pre-unicode
       | reasons, computers tend to use a hyphen instead and it just
       | doesn't look as good, at least to my eye!
        
         | bornfreddy wrote:
         | Thank you, TIL!
        
       | jonathan-adly wrote:
       | The problem with these kind of charts is the implicit message
       | that history is the future. America have been on the dominant
       | financial and militaristic force in the world for the last
       | century and its equities have reflected that strength.
       | 
       | Would it continue to be the same for the next century? Who knows!
       | Ray Dalio and the Maxis think otherwise. Good work OP though!
        
         | TameAntelope wrote:
         | > Portfolio emphasizing U.S. and foreign large- and mid-
         | capitalization value stocks.
         | 
         | VFINX is not composed exclusively of US stocks.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | It's an S&P500 fund; that is composed (exclusively) of large
           | cap US stocks.
        
             | zie wrote:
             | That's not true. It's MOSTLY large cap US stocks, but it
             | has some mid-caps, pretty much regardless of how you define
             | mid-caps.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | S&P publish a mid-cap index: the S&P400. It doesn't
               | overlap the S&P500[1]. You have to have a generous
               | definition of mid-cap to describe even the smallest
               | S&P500 component as mid-cap. The 500th component has a
               | market cap of ~$6B.
               | 
               | Regardless, they're all US stocks; the comment I was
               | responding to claimed they were not.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/images/campaign/70
               | 7133-us-...
        
               | zie wrote:
               | LOL.
               | 
               | First the S&P 500 captures 80% of the entire US market,
               | 80%! [0]
               | 
               | Second, 6B is well within the middle of the Mid-cap range
               | for at least one common definition: "Mid-cap (or mid-
               | capitalization) is the term that is used to designate
               | companies with a market cap (capitalization)--or market
               | value--between $2 and $10 billion. " [1]
               | 
               | Now some people might define mid-cap differently(and S&P
               | tries to), but that doesn't change the math. If 80% of
               | the US market is the S&P 500, then by definition some
               | mid-cap has to be in there, or one has a very distorted
               | view of what the middle means.
               | 
               | US public companies are giant these days. Of course there
               | are mid-cap only indexes(and funds), that has nothing to
               | do with the S&P 500 though.
               | 
               | As for all US stocks, it definitely depends on how one
               | defines a US stock. S&P obviously has their definition,
               | and it may or may not agree with your personal
               | definition, but I generally agree that the S&P 500 is
               | basically US companies.
               | 
               | 0: https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-50
               | 0/#ove... 1:
               | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/midcapstock.asp
        
             | TameAntelope wrote:
             | Not according to Vanguard[0] (the link is for VFIAX but
             | that's just the admiral fund), the quote I gave was from
             | Vanguard's own description of the fund's composition.
             | 
             | You can take it up with Vanguard why they describe the fund
             | as I've quoted[1].
             | 
             | [0] https://investor.vanguard.com/investment-
             | products/mutual-fun...
             | 
             | [1] https://support.vanguard.com/
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | Vanguard notoriously calls mid-caps "small," e.g., VB.
               | Anyway, they're not the ones who select S&P500 index
               | components. I love Vanguard, but this is one case where
               | they're kind of off-base.
        
               | TameAntelope wrote:
               | So Vanguard (venerated investment institution for 50
               | years) is wrong and you (random HN commenter) are right?
               | 
               | Sure, okay.
        
         | compumike wrote:
         | Thank you. :)
         | 
         | I agree with the "Who knows!" and that we've benefited from a
         | lot of favorable tailwinds, which are quite uncertain for the
         | future.
         | 
         | The implicit positivity partially comes from looking at
         | indexes, rather than individual companies. If you look at any
         | specific companies that may have been unstoppable corporate
         | giants in decades past (maybe try
         | https://totalrealreturns.com/s/GE
         | https://totalrealreturns.com/s/X
         | https://totalrealreturns.com/s/F for example?) the idea of
         | limitless growth becomes much more uncertain.
        
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