[HN Gopher] Ten Percent of the Brain Myth
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Ten Percent of the Brain Myth
        
       Author : Hooke
       Score  : 105 points
       Date   : 2022-07-12 16:45 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (en.wikipedia.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (en.wikipedia.org)
        
       | BrandoElFollito wrote:
       | This reminds me of the first "scientific myth" I witnessed.
       | 
       | It was in the 80's in France where we had a photocopied page with
       | "the most dangerous additives". The worst was E330. 40 years
       | later, I still remember it.
       | 
       | My parents had a copy from sime friends and these well educated
       | people (dad is an engineer and mom a lawyer) checked everything
       | against the list. Just because it was "from the Villejuif
       | hospital".
       | 
       | It was a fake and E330 is citric acid, a benin product.
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric_acid
       | 
       | The famous list:
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villejuif_leaflet
        
         | swayvil wrote:
         | If you didn't actually make the observation yourself, aren't
         | they all scientific myths?
        
         | TillE wrote:
         | I don't remember the exact context at this point, but I've
         | definitely encountered someone complaining about "ascorbic
         | acid" as an additive, which is of course vitamin C.
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | There was one time that a group of Santa Monica High School
           | kids were at the Sunday farmer's market trying to make videos
           | of people being fooled into a moral panic about ascorbic acid
           | in the produce. I remember saying to them, "You mean Vitamin
           | C?" and the interviewer shook her head and said "You're too
           | smart" and she and her cameraman walked away in search of a
           | more amenable victim.
        
           | pdpi wrote:
           | Let's not forget the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide. Used as
           | an industrial solvent, its vapours can cause severe burns,
           | yet they put it in food.
        
             | t_mann wrote:
             | Dihydrogen monoxide is actually a cooling agent for nuclear
             | power plants. It's lethal at high doses, with hundreds of
             | thousands of fatal accidents per year, and yet they put it
             | into our food because it's cheap.
        
             | iso1631 wrote:
             | Look at everyone who has committed a murder - you'll find
             | they've consumed dihydrogen monoxide all their lives.
             | 
             | Now look at those who have never consumed dihydrogen
             | monoxide -- they haven't killed anyone.
        
               | goldenkey wrote:
               | I can only cringe so hard from these watered-down jokes.
               | Please, for the life of us, stop!
        
             | not2b wrote:
             | I first started seeing the "dihydrogen monoxide" or "DHMO"
             | memes a couple of decades ago when there were serious
             | concerns about DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), a solvent that
             | can carry drugs through the skin, which apparently has some
             | medical use but can be risky. It's a by-product of paper
             | making.
        
             | Scarblac wrote:
             | A so-called "enabling component" of acid rain, and found in
             | _all_ polluted waterways in the world.
             | 
             | That said, nowadays I don't consider these jokes so funny
             | anymore, people really believe similar stuff these days and
             | post-truth bs is used to gain real power by people without
             | shame.
        
         | radley wrote:
         | Or the most insidious of all, Dihydrogen Monoxide aka H2O.
         | 
         | https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/dihydrogen-monoxide-hoax
        
         | jahnu wrote:
         | I remember those too :) Had them in Ireland as many times faxed
         | sheets.
        
       | FridayoLeary wrote:
       | "Insofar as she recognized at all that she was dreaming, she
       | realized that she must be exploring her subconscious mind. She
       | had heard it said that humans are supposed only to use about a
       | tenth of their brains, and that no one was really clear what the
       | other nine tenths were for, but she had certainly never heard it
       | suggested that they were used for storing penguins."
       | 
       | -- Douglas Adams, The Long Dark Tea-Time of the Soul
        
       | mmaunder wrote:
       | What makes me optimistic about our ability to adapt, recover,
       | heal and improve is neuroplasticity:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroplasticity
        
       | 53r3PB9769ba wrote:
       | Some people use 100% of the brain from time to time. When they
       | do, it's called an epileptic seizure.
        
         | WorldMaker wrote:
         | Other periods of high brain utilization we call a migraine.
        
       | yehudalouis wrote:
       | "They say 3% of people use 5-6% of their brains, 97% use just 3%
       | and the rest goes down the drain... I'll never know which one I
       | am, but I'll bet you my last dime, 99% think we're 3%, 100% of
       | the time."
       | 
       | -- Statistician's Blues, Todd Snider.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUK6zjtUj00
        
       | lotophage wrote:
       | It's amazing to think how common these sorts of myths used to be
       | before the internet. If you heard something like this and wanted
       | to challenge it, you would have to get on the bus and spend a
       | couple of hours at the library and return with some photocopies.
       | Now you can pull up Wikipedia on your phone.
        
         | nice2meetu wrote:
         | There is even a Wikipedia page for going through all of the
         | common misconceptions. It seems to have grown since the last
         | time I visited it years ago.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | This particular myth is self-evidently nonsense if you have
         | high school biology nonsense. But yeah I agree with your point
         | in general.
         | 
         | Shame that "pull up Wikipedia" is apparently still more effort
         | for most people than "tell other people about it on social
         | media".
        
         | arnejenssen wrote:
         | These myths can be useful flags for quickly debunking an
         | article/book. A sign that it is not worth reading the rest.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | This myth does not require Wikipedia to dispel, just the
         | knowledge of how to calculate percentages and the knowledge
         | that you need a standard of measurement. (Which none exists for
         | "brain capacity").
        
           | eru wrote:
           | Thinking in evolutionary terms would also make you rather
           | suspicious of this waste.
        
         | riebschlager wrote:
         | There are plenty of post-internet myths that are humming along
         | just fine. :D
         | 
         | It's a crazy phenomenon to watch play out.
        
           | Akronymus wrote:
           | > There are plenty of post-internet myths that are humming
           | along just fine. :D
           | 
           | Like bielefeld existing?
        
           | lotophage wrote:
           | Absolutely true, but there somehow seems different quality to
           | them. The myths of old seemed to be little factoids that were
           | not easy to verify and were taken at face value, then just
           | spread until they became "common knowledge". The new ones
           | seem to have an almost religious quality to them. Flat-
           | earthers for example, if someone told me 25 years ago that
           | this would be a thing I would have just laughed.
        
             | GuB-42 wrote:
             | Flat-earth is a conspiracy theory, flat-earthers are told
             | that the earth is round, but they don't believe it, they
             | usually also believe in all sorts of other theories: fake
             | moon landing, chemtrails, covid 5G, aliens, etc... make
             | your choice. Conspiracy theories went strong even before
             | the internet, some had devastating consequence. At least,
             | flat-earth is harmless, it only makes you sound stupid.
             | 
             | And I also believe that there are not that many "true" flat
             | earthers. There is a significant amount of trolls and
             | people who like the exercise in epistemology.
             | 
             | I think the reason flat earth get so much visibility is
             | that it is one the most obviously wrong belief there is,
             | people like to point out dumb people in order to feel smart
             | by comparison. In fact, the meme is not the idea that the
             | earth is flat, it is that there are people out there who
             | believe the earth is flat. It is almost a meta-myth, I
             | mean, what proof do you have that flat earth as a community
             | is a thing? I know there is rather good evidence that it is
             | the case but who bothered to check?
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Flat earth is _not_ harmless. Like many conspiracy
               | theories, it posits an  "evil controlling organization"
               | that for some reason (usually to hide god?) is able to
               | direct the entirety of the earth towards its goals.
               | 
               | These kind of conspiracy theories, if you are willing to
               | keep asking questions, almost always blame "The Jews".
               | People pushing these conspiracy theories are, whether
               | they understand it or not, pushing the ideas that 1: You
               | have zero control over your government and cannot gain
               | any control, 2: Science isn't the goal of many science
               | institutions, and instead they are merely mouthpieces for
               | this global cabal, 3: This global cabal even has the
               | power of fooling your own senses, like many of these
               | believers would not be swayed if you put them on a rocket
               | and let them see the earth from space. These people are
               | prone to dismissing strong evidence with hand wavey
               | excuses like "oh virtual reality" or similar.
               | 
               | I would argue the point of these is to push 1: voter
               | apathy and general detachment from the ways society can
               | be changed and improved through their effort, 2: anti-
               | science and anti-intellectualism sentiments, 3: "You
               | can't trust anyone but us", 4: "The Jews" bullshit
        
             | MichaelBurge wrote:
             | > if someone told me 25 years ago that this would be a
             | thing I would have just laughed.
             | 
             | Wikipedia says                   In the modern era, the
             | pseudoscientific belief in a flat Earth originated with the
             | English writer Samuel Rowbotham with the 1849 pamphlet
             | Zetetic Astronomy.         In 1956, Samuel Shenton set up
             | the International Flat Earth Research Society (IFERS),
             | better known as the "Flat Earth Society" from Dover,
             | England, as a direct descendant of the Universal Zetetic
             | Society.
             | 
             | so flat earth has been around for 170 years. And people did
             | laugh at them:                   The term flat-earth-man,
             | used in a derogatory sense to mean anyone who holds
             | ridiculously antiquated or impossible views, predates the
             | more compact flat-earther. It was recorded in 1908: "Fewer
             | votes than one would have thought possible for any human
             | candidate, were he even a flat-earth-man."
             | 
             | A "modern" conspiracy might be the Sandy Hook, Pizza-gate,
             | etc. but those originate with Alex Jones so not a general
             | example. Maybe "the moon landings were faked" is a good
             | example?
        
               | usrn wrote:
               | Alex Jones isn't real and the man who plays him is part
               | of a massive conspiracy inside the deep state.
        
               | ta988 wrote:
               | That's true but only a few of us know and it is better
               | like that.
        
               | knicholes wrote:
               | Oh my gosh, there are tons of them. My mother-in-law
               | ensures I hear about them all, passionately, each time
               | she visits.
               | 
               | Bill and Melinda Gates are cyborgs whose bodies have been
               | replaced. They're trying to track everyone with vaccine
               | microchips. (There were variations on this theme
               | including 5G)
               | 
               | Michelle Obama is a man.
               | 
               | 9/11 buildings were vaporized by a high-powered,
               | government laser.
               | 
               | Chemtrails are full of heavy metal and are being used to
               | control our minds.
               | 
               | Putting hydrogen peroxide in your ear can cure all sorts
               | of things, including cancer and cystic fibrosis.
               | 
               | "The Jews" are disproportionately represented in the
               | government and media and are behind the whole woke
               | movement to punish white people.
               | 
               | Any number of things about George Soros and ANTIFA.
               | 
               | The moon landing was faked.
               | 
               | The list goes on and on. Every time it's something even
               | more crazy than the last.
        
               | overheard wrote:
        
               | lotophage wrote:
               | I don't doubt that the belief has always existed
               | somewhere; tribes with barely any outside contact, for
               | example. I suspected that the belief was once reserved
               | for a few eccentric crackpots and didn't have the
               | momentum to be a movement until the last decade or so,
               | but maybe I'm wrong. Flat-earth theory probably wasn't
               | the greatest example. I think a "myth" connotes something
               | a bit more innocent than a delusional belief or
               | conspiratorial thinking (I'd call the Loch Ness Monster
               | an myth, but I'd call the "moon-landing was faked" a
               | conspiracy).
        
           | MontyCarloHall wrote:
           | Pre-internet, it was harder to debunk myths but also harder
           | to spread them. Nowadays, it's easier to debunk myths but
           | also much easier to spread them. These do not necessarily
           | cancel out; as they say, "the amount of energy needed to
           | refute bullshit is an order of magnitude larger than to
           | produce it."
           | 
           | As an extreme example, pre-internet, a conspiracy theory-
           | inclined person might randomly run across a handful of full-
           | blown conspiracy theorists in his day-to-day life. This makes
           | it easier for him to question his leanings, since he only
           | observes a small minority of people going all-in on the
           | conspiracy theory. Nowadays, a conspiracy-inclined person can
           | easily find online communities comprising all other full-
           | blown conspiracy theorists everywhere the world. This quickly
           | reinforces his belief in the conspiracy, since he sees an
           | apparent majority of people in this online community
           | believing the myth.
        
             | havblue wrote:
             | I honestly think it's easy to get secondary sources now,
             | but it's still hard to get primary sources. If people have
             | different views of preventing covid they're arguing over
             | different news articles. They aren't arguing about specific
             | studies that they have easy access to.
        
             | bolasanibk wrote:
             | Hard agree. It's very easy to find people who agree with
             | whatever your particular brand of crazy is. And it does not
             | help that online people can say things they would never say
             | face to face.
        
             | pohl wrote:
             | Moreover, now it's now easy for adherents to some myths to
             | find each other on the internet. IMO this is not a good
             | tradeoff.
        
               | wildmanx wrote:
               | Also feels like they are more common on mainstream-ish
               | TV.
        
       | EL_Loco wrote:
       | And how about the bumblebee's impossibility of flight myth? I've
       | also hear it regarding generic 'beetle', and with specific
       | beetles. I always thought it was pretty obvious that we just
       | didn't understand the aerodynamics, or aerodynamics per se,
       | enough. I mean, there's a special kind of insect that gets to
       | bend the laws of physics? Really?
        
         | technothrasher wrote:
         | From the first time I heard this bit of folklore as a child, I
         | assumed the message was not that bumblebees are magic, but that
         | our scientific models will likely always need continued
         | revising. The argument as to whether we actually do understand
         | bumblebee flight is interesting to entomology, but doesn't
         | really impact the point of the myth.
        
       | IIAOPSW wrote:
       | Its true. You only think with 10% of your brain. The other 90%
       | are gilial support structure cells. They can't even be used for
       | thinking!
        
       | sorenjan wrote:
       | Another similar myth is the one Malcom Gladwell made up about how
       | it takes 10 000 hours of doing something to become an expert at
       | that thing. It was based on research that used 10 000 as an
       | average for 20 year old violinists. The original researcher,
       | Anders Ericsson, focuses much more on deliberate practice than
       | sheer quantity.
       | 
       | https://www.6seconds.org/2022/06/20/10000-hour-rule/
       | 
       | Related Freakonomics episode with Anders Ericsson among others
       | about how to become an expert:
       | https://freakonomics.com/podcast/how-to-become-great-at-just...
        
         | TillE wrote:
         | I don't think Gladwell is a particularly insightful guy, but as
         | someone who has actually read a couple of his books, I feel
         | like the "10,000 hours" thing is frequently misrepresented.
         | 
         | The claim isn't "put in 10k hours and you'll magically become
         | an expert". It's "if you want to become an expert, you have to
         | put in 10k hours". Necessary but not sufficient.
        
           | borroka wrote:
           | Another missing point, and this happens frequently also in
           | rigorous treatment-control studies, is the heterogeneity of
           | responses to treatment. Say, 10k hours might be the average
           | deliberate practice time needed to reach "expert level" (not
           | true), but for some it can take 1k hours, for others 15k, for
           | others infinite time (but they can drop off), and so on.
        
           | Idiotfucker wrote:
           | I also read that specific book/chapter where he discusses 10
           | 000 hours, and the implication based on his bill gates and
           | hockey example, were as you said, that it is a necessary
           | condition. And those examples in particular I think point out
           | how having had the time and experience to get ahead of your
           | "cohort" (people of a similar age or time period)
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Not necessarily. You can become an expert in your self-
           | defined programming language without putting in 10k hours.
        
             | mminer237 wrote:
             | You probably need ~10k hours in programming in general.
             | Just a lot of the skill transfers over in that case.
        
             | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
             | The feels more like a violinist learning a new song, and in
             | this case one they made up, rather than learning an
             | entirely new skillset.
        
           | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
           | You can become an expert in cooking a hot dog without 10,000
           | hours of practice.
        
             | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
             | Has anyone ever recognize "expert" skill in hot dog
             | cooking? Cooking, certainly, but hot dog cooking?
        
               | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
               | What does it even mean to be an expert? What are we
               | allowed or not allowed to be an expert in? Who's the
               | judge that sets what fields you can be an expert in? Is
               | there a range of expertise? Do I have to be in the top
               | 10% of people in a field? The top 2%?
               | 
               | The whole idea of _being an expert_ is an arbitrary
               | social designation backed up by hogwash. We think we know
               | what it means but it 's really just hand-waving.
        
           | locuscoeruleus wrote:
           | The 10k hours number is also dubious. It just happens to be
           | the average number of hours students at some special violin
           | school have spent in solitaire practice by the time they turn
           | 18 (or what ever age they apply for the school).
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | 10,000 is a round number representing a large fraction of a
         | young person's life, ~20 hours a week for 10 years. It seems
         | significant because we assume talented young people can be
         | experts if they spend a lot of time on something, but it really
         | just reflects the criteria chosen for defining experts and time
         | on a subject.
         | 
         | A prerequisite of becoming a Doctor for example is learning how
         | to read, but that's not considered part of the time commitment.
         | Recursively when considering how long it takes to be an expert
         | Heart Surgeon there is a tendency to ignore how long it takes
         | to become a Doctor.
        
           | sorenjan wrote:
           | Ericsson's main point is that talent isn't as important as a
           | lot of people, including other experts in the field, think.
           | What matters is identifying your weaknesses and training
           | specifically to improve those, often with the help of a
           | coach. Just doing something for a long time doesn't
           | necessarily make you great at it.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | Then again, weakness of that argument is that all people in
             | the study qualify as talented.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | That falls into the same trap of ignoring all the time
             | perfecting prerequisite skills. An Olympic marathon runner
             | needed to get good at balancing before they could learn to
             | walk, and then very good at walking etc.
        
           | nibbleshifter wrote:
           | Similarly, 10,000 being a round number is how it was chosen
           | arbitrarily by the Japanese for the 10,000 steps thing that
           | has since caught on globally.
        
             | mistersquid wrote:
             | > 10,000 being a round number is how it was chosen
             | arbitrarily by the Japanese
             | 
             | According to a 2019 article from Harvard Health, "10,000
             | steps" was a marketing term for hardware made by a Japanese
             | company. (Not sure if the original root goes back to
             | Japanese folklore, but the article implies it doesn't.)
             | 
             | > Dr. Lee discovered that the origins of the number go back
             | to 1965, when a Japanese company made a device named Manpo-
             | kei, which translates to "10,000 steps meter." "The name
             | was a marketing tool," she says. [0]
             | 
             | [0] https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/10000-steps-a-day-
             | or-few...
        
             | ugjka wrote:
             | And 10,000 things
        
       | taylorius wrote:
       | I always thought this one could be taken apart on simple common
       | sense grounds. The brain is very "costly" for the human species
       | to maintain, in terms of calories required to run it, and risk
       | during childbirth (amongst other factors, no doubt). Given this,
       | why have it, and leave 90% of it unused? Mr Darwin would give a
       | thumbs down to such a strategy.
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | I heard that the brain is for cooling your blood.
       | 
       | Completely differently, I heard that the brain is an antenna.
        
       | cryptica wrote:
       | I've always felt that people use close to 100% of their brain
       | capacity. Some people just don't have any surplus mental energy
       | to spare to learn anything complicated; they would get angry and
       | frustrated if they try; this emotional reaction is their brain
       | telling them that it's too much. They do not have enough mental
       | capacity for this and they will suffer negative mental
       | consequences if they continue. Too much thinking can make some
       | people crazy.
       | 
       | IMO most people are hardwired to be irrational; it's their
       | evolutionary strategy. Irrationality is bad for the system but
       | it's generally good for the individual. You need an irrational
       | mind to be able to come up with ideas which will resonate with
       | the average (irrational) person.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | anothernewdude wrote:
       | I wonder what the other 90 percent of the Brain Myth is.
        
       | entropicgravity wrote:
       | So it seems that the only people who only use ten percent of
       | their brain are those who think we only use ten percent of our
       | brain.
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | I'm concerned about the low level of neuroscientific knowledge in
       | the general population. This is just an example, "humans
       | generally use only 10 percent". There is no "human" who "uses the
       | brain", the brain is the human, or rather the human is in the
       | brain. Due to a high level of societal and political inertia we
       | are indiferrent to facts of the brain that affect our biases ,
       | memory, ethics and judgement. This will become a problem the more
       | we understand (and manipulate) the brain.
        
         | gavmor wrote:
         | > There is no "human" who "uses the brain", the brain is the
         | human, or rather the human is in the brain.
         | 
         | Much of the human is said to be outside of the brain; many
         | neurons, even, live outside the brain, and much "thinking" is
         | done, for example, by gut neurons in concert with microbes with
         | whom they're constantly exchanging chemical signals. So, in a
         | sense, the human is in the gut, and the human is in the
         | microbes.
         | 
         | The human is a leaky abstraction!
         | 
         | For further explorations on the permeability of the human, try
         | Annie Murphy Paul's "Extended Mind."[0]
         | 
         | 0. https://anniemurphypaul.com/books/the-extended-mind/
        
           | seydor wrote:
           | Nah, the person is a representation that is aware of itself,
           | and requires a sort of neural network ,neural density and
           | interconnectivity, that simply does not exist in peripheral
           | sensory systems.
        
             | gavmor wrote:
             | If you define these systems as "peripheral," then it's
             | tautological that they're not host to central aspects of
             | self-awareness, but I'd argue that "gut feelings" and
             | proprioception are indispensable components of human
             | consciousness.
        
               | seydor wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system
        
               | gavmor wrote:
               | The name of a thing is not its behavior.
        
       | luxuryballs wrote:
       | Sounds like a misunderstanding similar to how people misquote
       | Occam's razor. Maybe the average person really does only reach
       | 10% of their mental capacity, but they're still using 100% of
       | their brain to do so.
        
       | kosyblysk666 wrote:
        
       | Zealotux wrote:
       | Wait until people learn Maslow never actually created a pyramid
       | to represent the "hierarchy of needs."[1]
       | 
       | [1] https://forge.medium.com/maslows-pyramid-is-a-marketing-
       | lie-...
        
       | t_mann wrote:
       | Learnt about the interesting biography of poor James Sidis
       | through this article, who was an involuntary experimental subject
       | of this theory through a 'forced prodigy' upbringing.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James_Sidis
       | 
       | On the face of it, the experiment seems to have succeeded at
       | making him extraordinarily intelligent, and also pretty much
       | screwed up his life.
        
       | nathias wrote:
       | like left hemisphere is for creativiy, right is for math and
       | other such nonsense it seems to be the right fit for motivational
       | posters/memes so popular in the corpoculture
        
       | scaredginger wrote:
       | Kinda bizarre that people allegedly misattributed this to
       | Einstein, a physicist
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | A very small hamming distance to "physician". :)
        
         | n4r9 wrote:
         | He's the quintessential authority figure; it's not surprising
         | that people will try to add weight to something by attributing
         | it to Einstein. Most people will just think "Ah Einstein was
         | really clever, if he said that there must be something to it".
         | 
         | https://interestingengineering.com/13-inspiring-einstein-quo...
        
       | P_I_Staker wrote:
       | Where do these myths come from? That is clearly, incredibly
       | absurd.
        
         | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
         | From people only using 10% of their brain :)
        
       | eimrine wrote:
       | If Albert Einstein's brain uses exactly same energy as mine, then
       | 90% of latter is going to nowhere.
        
         | infinityplus1 wrote:
         | Einstein wasn't wasting time on social media. Maybe you need to
         | free up your mind's resources to focus on the things you want
         | to do.
        
           | maaanu wrote:
           | I don't know... Einstein had a lot of love affairs and
           | debated about philosophy with some friends and was very
           | politically active (e.g. he wrote pro-socialism articles for
           | newspapers). In the context of theoretical physics all of
           | this sounds like wasting time to me. Some brains are just
           | exceptionally wired and people are able to accomplish amazing
           | things, given the right mindset and tenacity.
        
         | daralthus wrote:
         | Finding something in a sorted list is O(log n) instead of O(n)
         | in non-sorted. Finding a good representation for the problem
         | matters.
        
       | a_c wrote:
       | My favourite scientific myth is "cholesterol causes heart
       | disease" evangelized by Ancel Keys [1] in the Seven Countries
       | Study [2]. From there, we developed plant oil. From plant oil, we
       | developed margarine. From margarine, we discovered trans-fat. And
       | we found the trans fat causes coronary heart disease, hence in
       | full circle. Worse still, from the fear of cholesterol, we
       | developed "cereal that lowers your blood cholesterol" and the
       | drug statin [3]. And also by focusing cholesterol, we down played
       | the health hazard of consuming sugar because there is no such
       | thing as cholesterol industry while sugar does.
       | 
       | I'm overly generalizing here without much reference. If there is
       | interest I will dig up more material.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancel_Keys
       | 
       | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Countries_Study
       | 
       | [3] https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13260239-the-truth-
       | about...
        
         | rdmirza wrote:
         | Yes cholesterol is a vital building block. However the medical
         | literature consistently shows a strong relationship between LDL
         | and non-HDL cholesterol levels and heart attack and stroke.
         | 
         | Various cholesterol lowering drugs, statins being the most
         | widely prescribed but certainly not the only class, show
         | consistent relationship with cholesterol lowering and reduced
         | risk of MACE (MI, stroke).
         | 
         | Plaque is made of foam cells that consume cholesterol. They
         | grow and obstruct arteries, and eventually rupture causing
         | critical flow obstructing events.
        
       | ajjenkins wrote:
       | Left brain vs. right brain thinking is another myth about the
       | brain that seems to be much harder to dispel.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateralization_of_brain_functi...
        
         | ncmncm wrote:
         | And human brain, mammal brain, lizard brain, stacked.
        
           | vanderZwan wrote:
           | The triune brain model[0].
           | 
           | Both have the issue that the popular interpretation of them
           | are great oversimplifications of models that themselves do
           | seem to have some limited use in neuroscience, but only if
           | you add enough caveats.
           | 
           | So unlike the situation with, say, flat earthers, there's
           | some kernel of truth to it that can be misinterpreted or
           | willfully presented in a misleading way.
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triune_brain
        
         | overlordalex wrote:
         | It will be harder to dispel because the underlying general
         | assumption actually is true - in most people the brain does
         | split some functions by hemisphere, but rather it's not a
         | general statement that can be simply applied:
         | 
         | > Some popularizations oversimplify the science about
         | lateralization, by presenting the functional differences
         | between hemispheres as being more absolute than is actually the
         | case.[21]: 107 [22]
         | 
         | Sources that wikipedia uses:
         | 
         | [21] Westen D, Burton L, Kowalski K (2006). Psychology :
         | Australian and New Zealand edition. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley &
         | Sons. ISBN 9780470805527.
         | 
         | [22] Toga AW, Thompson PM (January 2003). "Mapping brain
         | asymmetry". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 4 (1): 37-48.
         | doi:10.1038/nrn1009. PMID 12511860. S2CID 15867592.
        
       | cal85 wrote:
       | Talking about the brain in terms of what percentage of it you use
       | is silly. But I think there's an important grain of truth in the
       | idea of vast, untapped intellectual potential in many people. A
       | better statement may be something like "many people only realise
       | a small proportion of their potential intellect", which I
       | strongly believe. I just think it's little to do with the brain
       | and mostly to do with emotional associations and implicit
       | limiting beliefs.
       | 
       | Anecdotally I have seen countless examples of people being able
       | to do impressive feats of mathematical thinking, but only as long
       | as they don't realise it's 'maths'. And as soon as they realise,
       | it often stops working; the deeply learned negative associations
       | sadly seem to quickly overpower any fleeting buzz of "oh I can do
       | this after all". I think untold damage is done in schools,
       | instilling into kids associations of maths (or other subjects) as
       | a thing that must be learned (for a grade, or to get a
       | teacher/parent off their back) instead of as a useful tool they
       | can turn to when they want to solve a problem they have.
        
       | pantalaimon wrote:
       | It's a bit like saying a piano player will only use 10% of the
       | keys at a time.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | Not really because that's actually true. It's more like saying
         | that the grid only uses 10% of its wires at a time.
        
         | Jensson wrote:
         | We use only 10% of our roads, cars only need the parts that
         | their tires touches so we could save 90% by just building those
         | parts and skip everything else!
        
           | balfirevic wrote:
           | Well, yeah, but then we'd call it railroad :)
        
         | jbaber wrote:
         | This is an extremely good analogy that I must remember (if case
         | anyone quotes this myth to me again, which hasn't happened in a
         | couple of decades... :)
        
           | mistermann wrote:
           | It's a good analogy for the hardware (brain) aspect, but
           | there's also the software (mind) aspect.
        
           | ramraj07 wrote:
           | I don't think anyone except Luc Besson still thinks this is
           | true anymore tho..
        
             | carlmr wrote:
             | I know that reference. When I watched that movie I was just
             | like ugh, and then I continued watching, and it just got
             | worse.
        
               | KineticLensman wrote:
               | Somewhat coincidentally, I watched it - the film Lucy -
               | yesterday and can confirm that it does indeed get worse.
               | I would have liked it better if the story arc was more
               | like 'Flowers for Algernon'.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Inception also used that myth, I think, to justify why
               | time runs at different speed in the dream.
               | 
               | (Which makes no sense, when they go multiple layers..)
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | Related to that, I find I often end up getting into
               | arguments with people over the "computers run at such
               | faster speeds than humans" myths/tropes. It's very common
               | in the cyberpunk genre especially that time "runs faster"
               | for people inside simulation spaces (metaverses/The
               | Matrix/whatever). (Or sometimes the other direction where
               | robots/cyborgs are significantly faster than humans at
               | "thinking".)
               | 
               | Computers _are_ very fast at raw, boring mathematical
               | calculations such addition, but that doesn 't transfer to
               | entire physics simulations or human scale activities.
               | Think about how much time it takes a large file to
               | download/transfer, for instance. A lot of videogame
               | design through history and continuing through the modern
               | day is _fighting_ to keep the physics simulation close to
               | real time and lot of classic videogame glitches and /or
               | bugs are when it takes longer than real time to simulate.
               | (With the fun that the Halting Problem tells us that
               | we'll never be _certain_ exactly how long it takes to run
               | algorithms, in general.)
        
         | vageli wrote:
         | > It's a bit like saying a piano player will only use 10% of
         | the keys at a time.
         | 
         | In a pedantic way, it is close to the truth as most pianists
         | use up to 10 keys at a time (a few more if you count pedals).
         | There are many keys available to the pianist but the pianist
         | remains constrained by their input capacity.
        
           | oliveshell wrote:
           | Generally true, but people can surprise you.
           | 
           | I remember seeing Ben Folds once slam his forearm on the
           | keyboard as a deliberately dissonant sort of percussive
           | stab... that was 15-20 keys with just one arm!
        
             | wildmanx wrote:
             | Check out https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrQnnhAXLt0
             | around 3:16. It's not just a percussive stab. It is
             | actually a valid chord (all black keys) in that key.
        
       | mapcars wrote:
       | >Studies of brain damage: If 10 percent of the brain is normally
       | used, then damage to other areas should not impair performance
       | 
       | This is unbelievably naive to use as some sort of proof, using
       | 10% does not imply that its 10% of the physical organ. Rather 10%
       | compared to what one could do with better training, improved
       | lifestyle, etc. And this does not have to be purely intellectual,
       | it can be imagination capabilities, communication skills or
       | hundreds of other things which a particular individual did not
       | develop fully.
        
         | bryanrasmussen wrote:
         | counterpoint - people do take damage to brain and recover
         | abilities, suggesting that the brain has redundancies built
         | into it.
        
           | mapcars wrote:
           | It looks like it. I am not related to any brain studies so
           | naturally I can not go deep into the topic. The main thing I
           | wonder about here is does this redundancy mechanism come for
           | free or does it come at the cost of some other (possibly
           | untapped) potential?
        
         | technothrasher wrote:
         | > Rather 10% compared to what one could do with better
         | training, improved lifestyle, etc.
         | 
         | If you're talking about 10% of some non-physical concept of
         | brain "potential", then you have to define, potential WHAT?
         | Creativity? Intelligence? Speed of thought? Hand/eye
         | coordination? Something else deemed important? All of it? None
         | of it? How could you possibly attach a 10% potential value to
         | any of this unless you operationalize it down to some tiny
         | measurable part that lose the gestalt? If we're not defining
         | the 10% as physical brain area, then the 10% proposition seems
         | not only unlikely true but likely meaningless, a priori.
        
       | retcon wrote:
       | I intuitively understand that we're using the whole of our brains
       | in the same way that we use the full capacity of NNs and discard
       | the majority of results. In other words the"unused" 90% of our
       | brain is actually importantly figuring out all the less good fits
       | that are essential for the ultimate deductions we utilize.
        
       | readenough wrote:
       | One of my favorite myths is that an idea can be declared false
       | simply because the science does not yet exist to prove it true. I
       | think we all have beliefs that have not yet been verified. The
       | key is to let go of those beliefs when the science does show the
       | errors in those beliefs. Myths have played an important role in
       | helping us understand our surroundings. Certainly, though, they
       | have often been misused and exploited.
       | 
       | One of the myths I learned early on was that the world was
       | somehow created. Science tells us that this world did not always
       | exist and formed over time in the past. So rather than getting
       | dispelled, this idea is now both a myth of the past and a modern
       | day fact as verified by scientific observation.
       | 
       | Notice that the referenced Wikipedia article very carefully does
       | not say this myth has been dispelled by science. It uses its
       | strongest suggestive statement to disagree with only a very
       | narrow interpretation of the myth.
       | 
       | So, while we're sure the original intent of the mythology is
       | misleading and inaccurate, we cannot rely on science to prove us
       | right. Give it some time.
        
         | ConstantVigil wrote:
        
         | technothrasher wrote:
         | > The key is to let go of those beliefs when the science does
         | show the errors in those beliefs.
         | 
         | Perhaps I'm misunderstanding you, but it sounds to me like
         | you're saying that as long as somebody hasn't disproved a
         | belief, you're justified in believing it. Is this what you're
         | saying? That seems like it might lead you to keep believing
         | things for which you have insufficient evidence to conclude
         | they're true, and as such would be a less than ideal
         | epistemological tool.
        
           | readenough wrote:
           | That is not at all what I am saying. The thought that I am
           | taking to task is that some people seem to think 'myth' is
           | synonymous with 'false.' It is not.
        
       | ansible wrote:
       | I recall hearing this myth being circulated for decades.
       | 
       | One of the reasons it likely persists is that people don't have a
       | good understanding of what their brain does on a day-to-day
       | basis, and they don't have a good idea of just how _hard_ some of
       | those tasks are.
       | 
       | We do things like walk across a room and pick up an object, and
       | don't really think about all the processing that goes into that.
       | 
       | You have an accurate and dynamic mental model of the room, your
       | body, and how it can function. You do an enormous amount of
       | processing just to see and recognize anything. And it (usually)
       | "just works" and we don't have any real insight into ourselves
       | for how it works, for how much processing effort goes into it
       | all.
       | 
       | If you have someone start down the path of programming a robot to
       | do that "simple" task, they'll have a much greater appreciation
       | for all the things their brain does for them. Trying to precisely
       | coordinate the actions of tens to hundreds of muscles, receiving
       | an enormous amount of raw sensor input (the feel of the floor
       | under your feet, etc.) that is then filtered and prioritized for
       | high-level consumption, all the motion planning to dodge the
       | chair in your way, etc.
       | 
       | We do so much for such a simple, everyday action, that it seems
       | "easy" and "simple" when it is nothing of the kind.
       | 
       |  _That 's_ what that "other 90%" of your brain does, you just
       | aren't conscious of it.
        
         | wishawa wrote:
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravec%27s_paradox
        
       | x3n0ph3n3 wrote:
       | There's a very simple counter to the claim:
       | 
       | Saying that you only use ten percent of your brain is like saying
       | we only use 33% of a normal traffic light.
        
       | yanngagnon wrote:
       | Even if we knew nothing about how the brain works (since we know
       | very little in the grand scheme of things), this idea breaks down
       | immediately from an evolutionary perspective. Given its energy
       | requirements and the fact that brain development is essentially
       | delayed in humans so that the baby may exit the birth canal, it
       | would make on sense for any portion of the brain to be unused.
        
       | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
       | Half of the page on mobile is Wikipedia donation spam. Completely
       | insane.
        
       | throwawayffffas wrote:
       | I am just going to plug my favorite podcast here. It's usually
       | about conspiracy theories but they are currently doing a special
       | about how bad ideas occasionally flow from the top with
       | disastrous effect, unfortunately the special is pay-walled. But
       | the conspiracy - Q stuff is pretty good too.
       | 
       | https://www.patreon.com/qanonanonymous/posts
        
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