[HN Gopher] Ask HN: Examples of large acquisitions that did not ...
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       Ask HN: Examples of large acquisitions that did not ruin the
       acquired company?
        
       By "ruin" I mean the less tangible parts of the smaller company,
       such as the culture, the enthusiasm and spirit, the flexibility,
       the overall happiness.  Having now been in two medium-sized
       companies that have been acquired by large, public firms, I find
       that everything we enjoyed is gone. Perks slowly disappear;
       meetings, trainings, and general wastes of time increase;
       productivity slows; engineers become demoralized; processes grind
       through bureaucracy. As I understand it, this is typical.  What are
       some examples where acquisitions like this have happened and the
       smaller company wasn't essentially destroyed?
        
       Author : psim1
       Score  : 88 points
       Date   : 2022-07-12 14:44 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
       | seaourfreed wrote:
       | Android, AdWords, MS DOS was acquired for $70k, instagram
        
       | vannevar wrote:
       | I don't know what it's like from the inside, but from the outside
       | the acquisition of Oculus by Facebook has gone much better than I
       | expected. I really thought Oculus would be gone within a year,
       | but they've continued to put out some great products. Other than
       | the misstep about requiring Facebook accounts, it seems like a
       | success.
        
       | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
       | Instagram?
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | So, one thing to keep in mind with all of this is that, if it was
       | a small, fast-growing startup that got acquired, there was zero
       | chance of it staying that way even if it did not get acquired.
       | Being small and fast-growing for very long, is by definition
       | impossible. In many cases, when a smaller company gets acquired
       | by a big one, it's because they have hit the point where the
       | founder of the smaller company realizes that their company's
       | infrastructure and culture aren't going to work at a large scale,
       | so they would rather offload the task of turning into a big
       | company to somebody who already knows how to do that. But, even
       | if they hadn't, they usually would have had to turn into
       | something that looked a lot like the big company they got
       | acquired by, anyway.
        
         | mekoka wrote:
         | Sometimes you just get acquired because "large sums of money".
         | Some startups are on their way way up, with spare room to
         | improve on their value proposition and mission at the time of
         | their acquisition, and it's difficult to know what the road not
         | traveled would've looked like. Even if you see improvements
         | post-acquisition, you can't tell if the acquisition actually
         | stifled the potential. For some of the companies lauded in this
         | very thread, I'd argue that's the case.
        
       | simonw wrote:
       | Sadly Heroku/Salesforce used to be my go-to-example here, but
       | that fell apart a few years ago when they effectively froze new
       | feature development.
        
       | dev_by_day wrote:
       | Zappos by Amazon. I've heard they gave them a fair amount of
       | autonomy and have been supportive.
        
       | skizm wrote:
       | Instagram and WhatsApp (so far)? Smaller scale: Conde Nast didn't
       | ruin Reddit for the most part.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | Conde neglected reddit for a while, then spun it back out. I
         | think they owned it for 5 years. While not good, neglect is
         | arguably better than trying to change too much.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | iainctduncan wrote:
       | (background: I work in tech mergers and acquisitions for a
       | company that does pre-acquisition diligence.)
       | 
       | It is worth noting that, most of the time, the things that are so
       | wonderful about working at the small company are fun for all the
       | same reasons that they aren't sustainable. Most startups are not
       | cash positive - they don't make money, they just lose money more
       | slowly than they get investment (by selling off bits of the
       | company). So very often, the stuff you want to have continue just
       | can't because it was based on imaginary income. The exit plan
       | always involves the company becoming profitable at some point
       | (maybe after multiple rounds of acquisitions) and that usually
       | means that on each round the company has to become more realistic
       | about how they spend their money, including how they manage their
       | devs.
       | 
       | On the other hand, it's true that a small lifestyle company can
       | keep many of those things, but they do that by not having a plan
       | to sell, which tends to mean you get the spirit and independence
       | but not the throwing-around-cash-like-it-was-free fun times.
       | 
       | When you factor in opportunity-cost, the whole office plays lazer
       | tag on friday is really bloody expensive.
        
       | hedora wrote:
       | AOL/Time Warner
       | 
       | (Time Warner was the acquired company.)
        
       | bdcravens wrote:
       | At least in the case of (many) startups, most are built with
       | acquisition in mind. Many time perks are there only to attract
       | talent to get the company to the exit, but aren't part of the
       | long term business plan.
        
       | otium wrote:
       | Twitch by Amazon($1 billion)
        
         | ianbicking wrote:
         | Zappos and Whole Foods also seem to be operating very similarly
         | under Amazon as they were before.
        
         | fredguth wrote:
         | What defines a big acquisition? Price or comparable size of the
         | acquirer versus acquired?
        
       | open-source-ux wrote:
       | Amazon owns the following companies selling books:
       | 
       | - AbeBooks (acquired by Amazon in 2008)
       | 
       | - Book Depository (acquired by Amazon in 2011)
       | 
       | These companies don't appeared to have changed dramatically from
       | when Amazon bought them. I wonder if these companies operate
       | 'independently' without too much undue influence from Amazon?
        
         | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
         | Counter-point: Amazon bought Mobipocket in 2005, the guys who
         | created the MOBI e-book format, turned the mobi format into
         | their AZW format for Kindle books, then shut Mobipocket
         | down.[0]
         | 
         | [0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobipocket
        
         | influx wrote:
         | You left out Amazing acquiring IMDB in 1998! Hasn't changed
         | much since then. Likewise woot.com in 2010.
        
           | krallja wrote:
           | woot.com is not a good example of company culture staying
           | good. The employees got so fed up, they left and started
           | meh.com, which seems to be just "woot.com again."
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | QuillianR wrote:
       | LVMH has purchased a lot of companies that have maintained
       | success, but they are a holding company that runs companies more
       | as independent subsidiaries. If software followed this model it
       | might be alright, but most of the acquisitions by big companies
       | are trying to merge the new company into the old, vs. buying,
       | running and sustaining a company as a continuing business.
        
         | 0xPersona wrote:
         | John Collison explores this subject in an episode of Invest
         | Like The Best [1]. He talks about conglomerates like LVMH and
         | Danaher and how they often give managers of acquired companies
         | latitude in how they operate. He also points out that no one in
         | technology has done what is actually pretty common in the rest
         | of the world, namely, one holding company for a whole bunch of
         | independent businesses that are sharing expertise. A
         | counterexample mentioned is Constellation Software [2] which
         | owns about 500 businesses. I definitely think this style of
         | business is underrated and will grow in popularity.
         | 
         | The whole episode is brilliant, full of great insights that I
         | think about often. It's well worth a listen.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.joincolossus.com/episodes/34646260/collison-
         | grow...
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation_Software
        
       | stedman wrote:
       | The Acquired podcast does case studies of successful
       | acquisitions:
       | 
       | https://www.acquired.fm/
       | 
       | It's an amazing show
        
       | throwaway931 wrote:
       | VMware's acquisition by EMC went well for most of the employees
       | (at least during the initial years). For all practical purposes,
       | EMC left VMware alone.
        
       | neilk wrote:
       | Salesforce recently acquired Tableau and from what I hear the
       | acquisition has probably improved things at Tableau.
       | 
       | This is a very special case though! Tableau is a company with a
       | lot of Fortune 500 buy-in, but an aging development stack and
       | business model. So this is the case of a somewhat more dynamic
       | larger company acquiring a set of customers and some fundamental
       | tech.
       | 
       | Usually acquisitions are from big/slow/established/monopoly
       | acquiring an upstart and it's no surprise that usually ends up
       | badly.
        
         | arama471 wrote:
         | I worked at Tableau until very recently and I can't think of
         | any way that the Salesforce acquisition has improved things yet
         | (I do think it will eventually improve things). Did you hear
         | about anything specific?
        
           | dsaavy wrote:
           | I've been working with Tableau for around 10 years and the
           | most noticeable thing was making it easier for both
           | developers and end-users to use the platform. Everything from
           | mobile, to toolbar improvements, alerts, the API, etc. seem
           | to have really come together.
           | 
           | Now, these could all have very well been in development
           | before the acquisition, but as a whole, the capabilities have
           | grown tremendously since that time.
           | 
           | Also, it seems like the licensing options for smaller
           | businesses has really been focused on since the acquisition.
           | It's become much more affordable for a small business to get
           | and use Tableau compared to 4-5 years ago.
        
         | digb wrote:
         | Having previously worked at SFDC, I would not wager that it's
         | much more dynamic than Tableau.
        
       | theanirudh wrote:
       | YouTube
        
       | amf12 wrote:
       | Linkedin and Github acquisition by Microsoft.
       | 
       | Github and Linkedin both have their own culture, perks, and the
       | companies are run independently. Infact, Linkedin pays better
       | than Microsoft and are overall happier.
        
       | superb-owl wrote:
       | This sounds more like small company vs big company culture,
       | rather than specifically the effects of acquisition. Some folks
       | are much happier at a small, nimble company. Some folks like the
       | stability and predictability of a larger company. Sounds like
       | you're in the former camp.
       | 
       | There are cases where the acquired company is left to run more-
       | or-less independently, and its stock is just owned (or majority-
       | owned) by the acquirer. But that's probably the exception rather
       | than the rule. Usually, if you get acquired, you're now an
       | employee of Big Co.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | taylorwc wrote:
       | Pixar acquisition by Disney comes to mind
        
         | BryantD wrote:
         | I'd argue that Marvel is another example, although a complex
         | one. Marvel Comics has changed very little in terms of culture;
         | Ike Perlmutter runs it very much the way he ran it when it was
         | independent. The Marvel Cinematic Universe has been great for
         | Marvel but is no longer under Marvel Comics proper (it's part
         | of the studio group now).
         | 
         | As long as we're doing Disney acquisitions, Lucasfilm is also
         | still pretty independent and successful. Other Disney
         | acquisitions have been less so.
        
           | groovybits wrote:
           | Lucasfilm, perhaps.
           | 
           | LucasArts (now known as Lucasfilm Games)... tell that to the
           | games that were put on hold and then eventually cancelled
           | upon acquisition.
        
             | BryantD wrote:
             | I'd argue that LucasArts was effectively dead before the
             | acquisition, despite having in theory a few games in
             | development. That said, I'd also argue that LucasArts would
             | have wound up shuttered even if it had been in great shape,
             | so you're probably right either way.
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | Strong disagreement. The acquisition happened in 2006. The last
         | few great Pixar movies were in the pipeline already
         | (Ratatouille - 2007, WALL-E - 2008, Up - 2009).
        
           | xnx wrote:
           | Counterpoint: Inside Out, Soul
        
             | tpmx wrote:
             | _Inside out_ was good, but not great, IMO.
             | 
             | Counter-counterpoints:
             | 
             | Cars 2, Brave, Monsters University, The Good Dinosaur,
             | Finding Dory, Cars 3, Coco, Onward, Luca, Turning Red,
             | Lightyear.
             | 
             | The (not very original) point is: You can no longer count
             | on a Pixar movie being excellent.
        
               | cm2012 wrote:
               | Coco was excellent. But agreed on the rest.
        
               | tpmx wrote:
               | Ah. Might have to watch it then. After a number of duds I
               | gave up on watching new Pixar movies except for those
               | made by Brad Bird, or especially recommended.
        
               | nemothekid wrote:
               | Coco and Turning Red were excellent. The rest of your
               | list however, proves you more right than wrong.
        
               | rockostrich wrote:
               | I'd argue the only real misses were the cash grab sequels
               | (Cars 2, Cars 3, and I can only assume Lightyear is in
               | that group but looking at RT it seems like both ratings
               | are still "fresh"). The rest of the movies on the post-
               | acquisition list were good, if not great. Critically, I
               | think the worst one on the list is the Good Dinosaur and
               | even that's still generally well liked.
        
               | tpmx wrote:
               | I'd argue that the old-school criterium for a
               | "successful" Pixar movie was that it needed to be great,
               | not just good.
        
               | influx wrote:
               | My whole family enjoyed Luca FWIW.
        
               | agotterer wrote:
               | Lightyear was a letdown. My kids enjoyed it but I thought
               | it could have been much better. I expected to see Buzz as
               | at this exciting space ranger, but that wasn't what the
               | movie was about. If I was Andy from Toy Story there would
               | be no way I wanted a Buzz toy after seeing that movie.
        
               | mcphage wrote:
               | Cars 2 was the only real stinker. I agree they're not
               | 100% excellent, but most are at least okay. And from your
               | list: Brave, Cars 3, Coco, Onward, Luca, and Turning Red
               | I all consider great to excellent. I haven't seen
               | Lightyear yet.
        
           | no-dr-onboard wrote:
           | I disagree too from a animation/story-quality perspective,
           | but from a business perspective, Pixar seems to be doing well
           | enough to meet OPs criteria of not being ruined.
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | Technically that was a merger, which made Steve Jobs the
         | largest Disney shareholder (more than any member of the Disney
         | family).
         | 
         | But yeah you have a good point. They retained their culture and
         | in fact spread it further by having the Pixar folks take over
         | Disney Animation.
        
       | RubberShoes wrote:
       | Google acquiring YouTube
       | 
       | "In the Plex" by Steven Levy goes into great detail on how
       | YouTube could not survive its growth without the infrastructure
       | and ad technologies Google brought to the platform.
        
         | olalonde wrote:
         | Also Android.
        
         | paulgb wrote:
         | I realize OP is talking more about the experience of the
         | workers than the users, and I don't have an inside scoop here,
         | but I'd put forward "Google acquiring Keyhole" as well. Google
         | was in a unique position to allow anyone with a browser to view
         | satellite photos from around the world, for free, and have the
         | economics make sense for them.
        
         | jessriedel wrote:
         | That's an argument for the acquisition of YT by Google being
         | net positive, but it doesn't answer the OP's question, which he
         | specifically restricts to the "less tangible parts of the
         | smaller company".
        
           | cleansingfire wrote:
           | That sounds like the author is defining good as "what I like,
           | and can't or won't tell you."
        
           | macspoofing wrote:
           | >but it doesn't answer the OP's question
           | 
           | I think it does, otherwise OP's question is ill-posed. That
           | is, if YouTube scaled independently from a scrappy startup to
           | a $170billion behemoth, the changes in corporate governance
           | and culture would have been equally as drastic as being
           | acquired by Google.
        
             | aliqot wrote:
             | Youtube, the product, maybe makes more money. However,
             | Youtube, the community, was much better initially, which I
             | suppose can be expected with most communities as they grow.
             | 
             | Bad actors creep in, which creates new rules, which
             | negatively impacts the whole, which causes resentment,
             | which causes more bad actors, which lead to more rules, and
             | before you know it, review-girls don't seem so bad when
             | your feed lands on terrorist-mickeymouse and the syringe
             | babies.
        
               | joshuamorton wrote:
               | Youtube only existed publicly for around a year before
               | being acquired. I don't think it supported comments on
               | videos. Whether or not YT's community was better early on
               | (which like, I'm not even sure is true) is independent
               | from whether its acquisition by Google affected that
               | community, because YT was acquired basically before there
               | was any chance for a community to develop.
        
             | jessriedel wrote:
             | That's a new claim not made in the comment I replied to
             | (and arguably still not really answering the question,
             | which is definitely not ill-posed).
        
       | Noe2097 wrote:
       | Dassault Systemes acquiring Solidworks.
       | 
       | Most users don't know that Solidworks, which is well know as a
       | mid level solution for CAD, is actually owned by the French
       | company developing CATIA, which is practically used by every
       | single serious manufacturer in the world (from automotive to
       | aircraft to ship to factory to you name it).
       | 
       | The geometric kernel powering these two is now the same, but it
       | wasn't for years. I guess it's a good illustration of why this
       | acquisition was successful and didn't ruin Solidworks: the
       | company was left practically untouched for more than ten years.
       | "assimilation" took place at a very slow pace (almost
       | cosmological for a software company).
       | 
       | Now the question to ask is more why the acquisition is taking
       | place. To get a list of customers? To get skilled contributors,
       | or knowledge, or patent, or a piece of technology? To get a
       | presence in a different country? All or a part of this? To kill a
       | competitor?
       | 
       | Anyway you put it, acquisition is not a neutral move. It's always
       | joining a bigger structure, hence jumping to a later stage and
       | size at extreme speed. Considering how difficult it is for a
       | single company to get through its different stages by itself, it
       | is normal that acquisitions are hard for acquired companies.
       | Assuming the objective is not to kill the acquired, tremendous
       | efforts will be needed on both sides to make it work. The
       | acquiring company ramping up newcomers, on new actual processes,
       | on new ways of doing; the acquired one to agree to it, and accept
       | that it is the cost to pay to operate at a higher scale.
        
         | JeremyHerrman wrote:
         | Did Solidworks actually move away from Parasolid? I had thought
         | that only some 3DEXPERIENCE cloud products were using CGM, but
         | Solidworks on the desktop was still based on Parasolid.
        
       | terravion wrote:
       | Deloitte's acquisition of BearingPoint's Federal practice in
       | 2008-9. Fascinating to watch from the inside -- literally the
       | same people increased revenue & margins with happier employees,
       | primarily driven by implementing a better management and
       | incentives culture with better HR practices. Also interesting
       | that Deloitte hired their corporate M&A integration group to run
       | the integration for themselves.
        
       | alberth wrote:
       | Oracle acquiring Sun.
       | 
       | I know there is a lot of Oracle hate but: MySQL, GraalVM (Java),
       | Sun hardware (both Exa* and SPARC), VirtualBox and many more
       | technologies are better today than prior.
       | 
       | The challenge Sun would have had, regardless of Oracle or not, is
       | that they were solidly in the On-Prem business ... and the market
       | has moved to Cloud.
        
         | creshal wrote:
         | Even on the remaining on-prem market, who's still using MySQL
         | over MariaDB or Postgres? Who's using SPARC over X64? Who's
         | using Virtualbox over HyperV, Libvirt or VMWare?
        
           | nibbleshifter wrote:
           | > Who's using SPARC over X64?
           | 
           | A lot of telecoms stuff.
           | 
           | > Who's using Virtualbox over HyperV, Libvirt or VMWare?
           | 
           | A considerable number of people who want an open source
           | virtualization solution that is relatively painless to use
           | (so, not libvirt).
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | More people are using MySQL over mariaDB and postgres install
           | base is a fraction of mysql.
        
           | linksnapzz wrote:
           | Enough people so that it's profitable.
        
         | silvestrov wrote:
         | The Java language has improved a lot since Oracle took over. It
         | started to languish at Sun, like they didn't want to put any
         | effort into it.
        
         | carimura wrote:
         | I wasn't at Sun but am on the Java team now at Oracle. I'm
         | constantly amazed by the inventor culture that Sun had, the
         | people who came from there, and the legacy it has produced, but
         | we all know how the business ended. That's no environment for a
         | world-changing development platform to thrive.
         | 
         | It took a few years to find its footing, but Oracle has really
         | given Java the space and resources to thrive. The roadmap is
         | fuller than it ever has been and the release cadence continues
         | to deliver value. Check out projects Amber, Loom, Panama,
         | Valhalla. Tap into the stream of Inside.java. Exciting times.
         | 
         | Point being, I believe Java is a datapoint for successful
         | product acquisition.
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | Lol talk to anyone who was there and they would tell you that
         | Oracle absolutely destroyed Sun.
        
           | alberth wrote:
           | I was there.
           | 
           | Nothing destroyed. Just differences in company culture.
           | 
           | The alternative for Sun was IBM to buy them. An acquisition
           | by IBM would have been the death of Sun. Sun, under Oracle,
           | still lives on well today.
        
             | nibbleshifter wrote:
             | > Just differences in company culture
             | 
             | Which is what this thread is largely about.
        
               | alberth wrote:
               | Then the question is completed flawed, because the actual
               | question then is "what are some examples of companies
               | being acquired with the same corporate culture".
               | 
               | Because a # of the examples given are parent companies
               | just leaving the acquired company alone in isolation.
               | 
               | How is that good for either the acquirer or the
               | consumers.
               | 
               | No synergies can be had if the two companies are
               | operating independently.
        
               | nibbleshifter wrote:
               | The question was pretty poorly worded IMO, but its an
               | important one.
               | 
               | Usually when a company is acquired, certain unique (and
               | attractive) features of its company culture die pretty
               | fast.
               | 
               | These can be measurable things eg: PTO policies, imposing
               | certain dev environments/corp machine policies on devs,
               | bonus structures, conference/training allowances,
               | frequency and structure of meetings, etc.
               | 
               | Or these can be more vague things, like shifts in how
               | internal comms work, the death of informal means of
               | resolving issues, incremental shifts in management style,
               | etc.
               | 
               | The last acquisition I went through (as an employee of
               | the acquired company) resulted in about half of my team
               | leaving pretty quick. The acquirer basically took away
               | all the perks that made working there worthwhile
               | (compared to any given competitor).
               | 
               | If my current employer was to be acquired, I'm willing to
               | bet that the entire staff of the business unit I'm part
               | of will be looking for new jobs, as I doubt the acquirer
               | would be giving us the degree of freedom that we have
               | currently.
        
             | pforret wrote:
             | Wasn't Google interested? It would have given them tons of
             | IP and might have saved them from the law suits Oracle
             | brought over Android.
        
               | jsiaajdsdaa wrote:
               | Google also buys a ton of StorageTek.
        
               | alberth wrote:
               | The only formal offer came from IBM, and then Oracle came
               | in higher.
               | 
               | https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Technology/story?id=7395780&pa
               | ge=...
        
       | orthecreedence wrote:
       | I worked at Aol when Huffington Post acquired them for -$300M and
       | the culture stayed mostly the same.
        
       | InTheArena wrote:
       | NeXT with Apple is a pretty solid canonical case. In that
       | situation, it really became a reverse acquisition with Steve Jobs
       | regaining control of Apple.
       | 
       | We've done a number of acquisitions - and most seem to have done
       | well. A big portion of that is recognizing that you are not only
       | acquiring the company - it's IP and people - but also it's
       | culture. If you don't want that culture - if it's not better then
       | yours, you don't want it.
        
         | fredguth wrote:
         | I like the example, but can you say that NeXT was a large
         | acquisition for Apple? How big was NeXT compared to Apple? Does
         | size matter in this analysis? I believe so. I don't know much
         | about this particular acquisition, but I always assumed that
         | buying NeXT was the price to get Jobs back.
        
           | PAPPPmAc wrote:
           | I've seen and used the phrase "NeXT bought Apple with Apple's
           | money" for that acquisition, they didn't just replace Gil
           | Amelio with Steve Jobs, they also had a huge fraction of
           | their management and tech leads swapped out with NeXT folk in
           | pretty short order. They also turned over a huge number of
           | board members in '96-97 as Apple flailed then reformed. Apple
           | spent $429M on NeXT (Apples market cap at the time was around
           | $2B) when they were losing about $700M a quarter and expected
           | to be bankrupt by the end of 1996. They slid through the bad
           | spot partly on a $150M investment (...possibly motivated by
           | antitrust avoidance) from Microsoft.
           | 
           | Steve drove (Chief Operating Officer) Marco Landi and (chief
           | technologist) Ellen Hancock out even before he became CEO.
           | Bertrand Serlet (1997-2009) then Craig Federighi (2009-) ran
           | the (variously named) OS team and Avie Tenivan was the tech
           | lead, all former NeXT folks (which makes sense because Apple
           | failed at 3 OS projects then shipped reskinned NeXTStep). Bud
           | Tribble followed Steve to NeXT then back to Apple in various
           | VP roles. George Crow and Jon Rubinstein did the same kind of
           | loop working on hardware platforms at Apple-NeXT-Apple. Mitch
           | Mandich became SVP of sales almost immediately after the
           | acquisition. Etc.
        
             | amerine wrote:
             | Thank you so so so much for this detailed history! I love
             | the people webs that exist around some of our favorite
             | tech.
        
           | jjoonathan wrote:
           | Aren't half the UI classes in OSX still prefixed with "NS"
           | for NextStep?
        
             | chubot wrote:
             | Yeah my understanding is that most of the OS X team were
             | from Next, so Apple definitely got something out of the
             | acquisition
        
               | rvense wrote:
               | OS X was an upgraded NeXTStep (including an all-new GUI
               | and printing subsystem) with the addition of two ways of
               | running old Mac applications: Classic mode, which was a
               | full OS9 environment running under hardware
               | virtualization, and the Carbon APIs, which were a set of
               | upgraded but mostly-compatible C/C++ APIs that allowed
               | Mac applications from the last decade and a half to be
               | carried forward. These APIs survived for about ten years,
               | and while they were not completely frozen in time, there
               | was always a feeling that they were the second-class,
               | legacy choice compared to the "native" alternative,
               | Cocoa. There was never a 64-bit Carbon, so running (much
               | less compiling) Carbon apps has been impossible for quite
               | some time now.
               | 
               | The Objective-C Cocoa APIs are a straight descendant of
               | the NeXTStep APIs, and many NeXT apps would run on OS X
               | with a simple recompile. While there have been many
               | additions since, and the main focus these days is on the
               | Swift language, to the best of my knowledge, you can
               | still take an Objective-C NeXT application and compile it
               | on your ARMintosh and have it run with very few issues.
               | 
               | I was a Mac user from 1989, and I didn't like OS X much
               | at the time. It felt like a completely new system, not an
               | update to what I was used to. Sure, it was better in many
               | technical ways, but it was also a lot more complicated.
               | And it felt different. So there were was definitely a
               | sense that it was really a Mac anymore.
               | 
               | Just about the only technical concession to the old Mac
               | crowd that I can think of was the use of the old HFS+
               | file system, over NeXT's UNIX filesystem. And I think
               | this was only because there was a transition period of
               | several years where dual-booting was common, even
               | necessary. So you could install OS X next to your old OS
               | 9 system and boot either at your discretion without
               | having to have several partitions. Mac OS9 is very
               | dependent on some features in its FS, so this was the
               | only way to allow a smooth transition. But other than
               | that, OS X was and felt like a new, alien system, even
               | though it did allow for compatibility with many
               | applications.
        
         | pjlegato wrote:
         | In this case, Apple's culture changed to match NeXT's.
        
         | chubot wrote:
         | The crazy thing is that Disney -> Pixar was also pretty much a
         | reverse acquisition, so Steve was involved in 2 of those. At
         | the time of acquisition his wife was the largest Disney
         | shareholder, so she had more shares than anyone in the Disney
         | family
         | 
         | Seems like Pixar is doing well and Disney is taking influence
         | from them
        
           | leoncaet wrote:
           | Pixar movies had an artistic downfall after the Disney
           | acquisition. But sure they are doing fine financially-wise
           | and technology-wise.
        
             | InTheArena wrote:
             | I would argue that this is more about the departure /
             | firing of John Lasseter then a side effect of Disney.
             | Lasseter's mandate was to rescue Disney animation, and
             | while Pixar went down a bit, it very clearly re-emerged for
             | a while.
             | 
             | Where Disney is now is more about destroying the parks as
             | cultural touchstones in the USA.
        
             | arbitrage wrote:
             | That's a very subjective statement. It's difficult to find
             | evidence for, let alone prove.
        
               | com2kid wrote:
               | IMDB ratings, and even revenue from movies.
               | 
               | Pixar used to work on one movie at a time, and each one
               | that came out was technologically ground breaking[1], a
               | huge media event, and an instant classic beloved by
               | adults and children.
               | 
               | Now days you have https://www.imdb.com/list/ls020738923/
               | 
               | Some of their movies are good, some are great, some
               | aren't good, but now days they are willing to make cash
               | grab sequels.
               | 
               | [1] Siggraph during Pixar release years turned into "what
               | ground breaking tech did Pixar invent this time"
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Kye wrote:
               | Now it seems like Disney is doing the innovating with the
               | way they film stuff for Disney+.
               | 
               | https://qz.com/1754288/disney-is-trying-to-revolutionize-
               | fil...
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bErPsq5kPzE
               | 
               | Though how much of that is Disney and how much is the
               | companies they worked with is unknown to me.
        
               | unixhero wrote:
               | I can't say I agree. Every title is the definition of
               | polished. I just wish they hadn't made millions of
               | children sad with the opening of Up!
        
       | wiseleo wrote:
       | Cisco's acquisitions. There's a book about them. The Crescendo
       | switch acquisition was extremely successful and they became
       | Catalyst switches.
        
         | pea wrote:
         | Cisco has an interesting playbook with spin-outs as well, that
         | I haven't seen many companies pull off (i.e. mpls multiple
         | times over)
        
       | Ancalagon wrote:
       | Instagram, arguably
        
         | vosper wrote:
         | Agreed, and I also think Meta/Facebook's acquisition of Oculus
         | was good for Oculus, too. Meta just reversed course on the
         | requirement to have a Facebook account, which was the big thing
         | people complained about. They're pouring enormous resources
         | into VR with a long-term timeline. By some accounts it's less
         | like Facebook took over Oculus, and more like Oculus took over
         | Facebook.
         | 
         | I hope Valve sticks it out with VR, because though I do not
         | like or use Facebook I think Zuckerberg could be right about
         | VR, and someone needs to compete with Meta. I think for Valve
         | it's potentially an existential threat.
        
       | randomly123 wrote:
       | https://www.motherson.com/company/history
       | 
       | This company does decent M&A in the auto ancilliaries industry
        
       | countvonbalzac wrote:
       | Instagram ($1 billion), WhatsApp ($19 billion)
        
         | skciva wrote:
         | Obviously we'll never know but I'd love to see an alternate
         | timeline where those acquisitions didn't happen.
         | 
         | Instagram specifically has just become another ad infested
         | shopping app for me these days.
        
           | pgwhalen wrote:
           | I'm not a meaningful Instagram user nor would I defend it as
           | "good", but from a "success" perspective, for my demographic
           | (I'm a 30-something US resident), it is clearly the most
           | relevant social network.
        
       | stagger87 wrote:
       | This happens all the time. It is essentially the business
       | strategy of many (not all!) conglomerates. Scoop up successful
       | companies and let them keep running as they are, sometimes with
       | even greater success due to things like access to money and
       | peers. I've worked for a few subsidiaries through the acquisition
       | process, and aside from some accountants showing up once a year,
       | everything remained the same.
        
       | iancmceachern wrote:
       | I have lots of examples where they ruined it.
        
       | curiousllama wrote:
       | OP - Of your 5 criteria, 2 will change by the very nature of what
       | it is to be acquired. The other 3 are essentially 1 (how excited
       | are we about this change?)
       | 
       | Culture: there's different people around, now. So culture
       | necessarily changes.
       | 
       | Flexibility: bigger companies are less flexible because there are
       | simply more people. Even if every individual is more flexible, it
       | doesn't matter.
       | 
       | Enthusiasm, spirit, and happiness - are these not synonyms, in
       | this context? And if they are, are they not reactions to external
       | factors (culture & flexibility)?
       | 
       | I would suggest your question may be tautological: big companies
       | will always ruin small companies from the perspective of someone
       | who likes small companies because the small company became big.
        
         | psim1 wrote:
         | I think there's a finesse to it where the bigger company can in
         | many ways adopt the smaller company culture, leave it alone, or
         | bring in their own unique and not bad culture. Big != sucks,
         | necessarily. Some of the other comments have insightful
         | examples.
        
       | spullara wrote:
       | BEA's acquisition of WebLogic and Oracle's acquisition of BEA (at
       | that point, basically WebLogic).
        
         | zippergz wrote:
         | I might only half-jokingly say that these acquisitions did not
         | ruin the company because they were already too terrible to be
         | ruined...
        
       | kerblang wrote:
       | While not answering the question, I think a lot of companies are
       | acquired in a state of immaturity and then comes the problem of
       | succeeding as actual grownups. Everyone blames the acquirer but
       | it's not that simple. I work with a group that still has leftover
       | ego-execution mismatch and it's tiresome.
        
       | kodah wrote:
       | Salesforce's acquisition of Slack, possibly. A good portion of
       | folks I know don't even know Slack was acquired, which is a good
       | sign.
        
         | Mandatum wrote:
         | They haven't changed anything. Yet. Dreamforce isn't for a few
         | more months.
         | 
         | Also Slack and Salesforce's culture is very different.
         | Salesforce is closer to Oracle, Slack always had super-
         | technical, friendly sales and support staff.
         | 
         | I'm sure we'll see price hikes and a push to land larger,
         | government and Enterprise contracts as they forget about SME.
        
       | CoastalCoder wrote:
       | Not an expert, but I'm curious if one difference between the
       | buyer and buyee (in the author's situations) is SOCS2 compliance.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | harel wrote:
       | I think github got better after Microsoft bought them. They were
       | in some stale rut for a long time before that.
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | The got better because they finally got to money to try to be
         | competitive with GitLab. Before that they were really behind on
         | features.
         | 
         | However their reliability is down the toilet. So a mixed bag,
         | IMHO.
        
         | smcleod wrote:
         | I couldn't disagree more, GitHub has had significantly more
         | outages - especially transient ones and is now focused on
         | smashing out sales driven features rather stability and core
         | functionality.
        
         | moolcool wrote:
         | I agree, but this is a hot take among a lot of free software
         | purists.
        
           | aliqot wrote:
           | Not sure whether I'd be labeled a purist, but I've been
           | stdlib only for a while now, and tend to choose the open
           | choice over the left hand path of the corporate capitalist
           | patriarchy, I wouldn't call myself outright biased though ( I
           | kid. )
           | 
           | However, all jests aside, being a relatively open source
           | person, I haven't seen much in the git product of Github
           | getting any worse after Microsoft acquired them. The social
           | aspect, well, it is what it is, and I don't care for it, but
           | I don't necessarily think my preferences translate well to a
           | quarterly earnings call.
           | 
           | I do personally perceive the downtime to be more frequent
           | now, but maybe only because it's more publicized, I do not
           | have any data to substantiate that personal observation.
        
           | harel wrote:
           | Yes that is true, but lucky for me, I'm not one. So I can
           | clearly see how much better it become. I don't even
           | understand why. I would have thought they were profitable
           | before the acquisition (were they?) so why resources only
           | started being applied afterwards?
        
             | FinalBriefing wrote:
             | I'm guessing that being part of a much larger company
             | allows them to spend more time on UX and "the little big
             | details" that might not directly contribute to profits.
             | 
             | Maybe Github Actions has brought in a lot more revenue,
             | too. They get a "discount" on Azure hosting, I'm sure.
        
         | Noe2097 wrote:
         | I'm curious here: what got better in GitHub since the
         | acquisition?
         | 
         | It's a genuine question, I'm not being sarcastic, I really
         | don't understand the statement (which seems to be shared by
         | several people here). I honestly can't point out a single thing
         | that was delivered that changed the game for like, 6 years from
         | now if not more (copilot is a nice gadget IMHO but it's not
         | really game changer, is it?).
         | 
         | I was actually hoping that MS support would change that, but I
         | don't see it happening.
        
           | lghh wrote:
           | I have enjoyed using Actions. The GitHub integration into
           | VSCode has been a huge productivity boon for me as well.
        
           | gherkinnn wrote:
           | Off the top of my head: Tree view in PRs, the new projects
           | board, code search, Mermaid and maths in markdown, the cmd+k
           | action bar thing, Copilot, the best VS Code themes, lots of
           | small changes like Readme TOC, and so on.
           | 
           | Maybe these changes are incremental, maybe you don't cherish
           | them as much as I do ,and some were very much over due.
           | Regardless, I like them and am impressed by Github's recent
           | work.
        
           | harel wrote:
           | The app(!), the inline vscode INSIDE github (just press the .
           | [dot] key when in the repo), actions, general interface,
           | settings to name a few.
        
         | eatonphil wrote:
         | Yep I agree. And unlike where lots of acquisitions die down
         | after years even if they do ok initially, it's taken years but
         | Github finally seems to be increasing the pace of innovation.
        
       | Clubber wrote:
       | >I find that everything we enjoyed is gone. Perks slowly
       | disappear; meetings, trainings, and general wastes of time
       | increase; productivity slows; engineers become demoralized;
       | processes grind through bureaucracy. As I understand it, this is
       | typical.
       | 
       | The first time I was in a company that got acquired, this
       | happened. Then it got acquired again by an even bigger fish and
       | it didn't really happen because it already sucked after the first
       | time.
       | 
       | The second company that got acquired it also happened. Usually
       | the suck starts after a year when managers try to increase their
       | bonuses by finding "synergies," which really means cutting
       | employees through consolidation and adding a bunch of unnecessary
       | friction to the development process.
       | 
       | The lesson I've learned is if you get acquired, you've got about
       | a year to get out or you will be miserable if you aren't the big-
       | co type. I made the mistake of staying too long both times it's
       | happened to me.
       | 
       | To answer your question, I've never been at a company that got
       | acquired and it was better for me.
        
       | varjag wrote:
       | GitHub, LinkedIn
        
       | dev_by_day wrote:
       | Trello by Atlassian. They have tried to rollout some of the UX
       | improvements from Trello into other products and kept the
       | majority of the talent.
        
       | smueller1234 wrote:
       | Booking.com was acquired by Priceline for 100M in 2005. Now it's
       | >80% of value and revenue of the parent company. By that logic,
       | booking's value peaked over 80b$.
       | 
       | I was there from 2010-2017. The philosophy of the holdings was to
       | let its constituent companies execute independently and even
       | compete (this included Priceline.com, Agoda, Kayak,
       | rentalcars.com, OpenTable, etc). Therefore the culture of
       | booking.com remained fairly intact for a very long time.
        
       | gilbetron wrote:
       | Cisco bought Duo Security, and by all accounts from the people I
       | know that work there, the culture is pretty intact and people
       | happy. Maybe that has changed in the past year or so, though!
        
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