[HN Gopher] Why we've decided to decommission Gov.uk PaaS
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why we've decided to decommission Gov.uk PaaS
        
       Author : jpswade
       Score  : 124 points
       Date   : 2022-07-12 10:28 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (gds.blog.gov.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (gds.blog.gov.uk)
        
       | asib wrote:
       | They mention a handful of services like GOV.UK Notify, GOV.UK
       | Pay, the GOV.UK Design System, the Prototype Kit, and the new
       | GOV.UK Forms product.
       | 
       | Is anyone able to clarify whether these things are collectively
       | referred to or considered part of the Gov.uk PaaS offering (and
       | therefore will all be decomissioned) or not? It wasn't clear to
       | me from the article and I'm not otherwise familiar.
        
         | severalbadgers wrote:
         | Notify, Pay, Design System, Prototype Kit and Forms are
         | unaffected by this news.
        
         | revjx wrote:
         | We use GovPaas for a few things. GovPaas provides the platform
         | which we deploy our applications onto (under the hood it's
         | Cloud Foundry).
         | 
         | It is incredibly cheap for our use cases (as it turns out,
         | unsustainably so for the team who provide it!). Our
         | interpretation of this news is that we will need to migrate
         | away to another platform.
        
         | johneth wrote:
         | I think the PaaS does not include them; it's the service for
         | hosting a service.[1]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.cloud.service.gov.uk/
        
         | 4ndrewl wrote:
         | They're not, no. Think of PaaS as like Heroku, whereas Notify
         | us more like Sendgrid (ie a SaaS) and DesignSysten is like
         | MaterialUI.
         | 
         | Most services are not using PaaS, but are deployed onto AWS or
         | Azure and integrate with other services (notably Notify) via
         | APIs.
        
         | bluehatbrit wrote:
         | My understanding is those are services various government
         | departments can make use of. Notify being to send notifications
         | to people, Pay to take payments, etc. These are basically SaaS
         | offerings from GDS to over government departments.
         | 
         | The GOV.UK PaaS is a hosting platform for other government
         | departments to host their own software in the GOV.UK managed
         | platform (like a Heroku kind of thing).
         | 
         | They're investing more in their SaaS services (Notify, Pay,
         | Forms, Prototyping Kit, etc) and deprecating their PaaS
         | offering in favour of Kubernetes, which looks like it may be
         | offered as a managed service for government departments to use.
         | It reads to me like more of a v2 of the PaaS but it'll now be
         | kube based rather than whatever homegrown thing it is at the
         | moment.
         | 
         | Edit: as tnwhitwell pointed out below, the PaaS being
         | deprecated uses CloudFoundry and isn't homegrown.
        
           | tnwhitwell wrote:
           | Just a small correction, it's not a homegrown thing, but a
           | CloudFoundry deployment with a bunch of tooling around it
        
             | bluehatbrit wrote:
             | Ah yes I missed that bit, thanks for the correction.
        
         | boffbowsh wrote:
         | Those were originally part of the GaaP (Government as a
         | Platform) programme. The PaaS is explicitly just the Cloud
         | Foundry-based deployment platform.
        
         | dbbk wrote:
         | No PaaS is only the hosting
        
       | lupire wrote:
        
       | tuukkah wrote:
       | Key paragraph: " _In parallel, we are starting a piece of joint
       | work with the Central Digital & Data Office, in partnership with
       | Chief Technology Officers (CTOs) across government, to understand
       | what a future central hosting offer could or should be. We don't
       | know what we'll conclude, the options ranging from doing nothing,
       | to creating a reusable set of configuration and management
       | components (similar to the GOV.UK Design System, but for secure
       | cloud hosting) all the way through to building a new PaaS v2
       | using different architecture._"
        
         | sakisv wrote:
         | You'd think that this is something that would have be done
         | before announcing the decommissioning in 18 months.
        
           | tuukkah wrote:
           | Indeed. Perhaps the purpose of this message was to let all
           | the projects know they get no advice but a permission and
           | freedom to migrate _anywhere_. After a while, there may not
           | be anyone to use a PaaS v2 anymore.
        
             | sakisv wrote:
             | Something which won't exactly inspire confidence for any
             | similar attempts in the future
        
       | tvararu wrote:
       | I've used the GOV.UK PaaS since the private beta. I was a user
       | research subject and gave early feedback. I've used it on
       | multiple projects since.
       | 
       | As with Notify, the Design System, and all the other great tools
       | that GDS produces, the PaaS is an absolute joy to use. Think
       | Heroku, but built on top of FOSS, and with everything you could
       | want to help you build the long tail of cookie cutter form or
       | API-based government services.
       | 
       | It's a damn shame GDS killed it.
       | 
       | It's even worse they did so without providing a clear migration
       | path. That sends a very bad message to other departments: GDS
       | will kill things you depend on. They will also leave you high and
       | dry when they do so. So don't depend on or adopt their tools.
       | "Not invented here" has always been a problem in the UK
       | government, this news only makes it worse.
       | 
       | Colleagues of mine have staked their reputation on the line to
       | convince legacy IT to let us use the PaaS instead of their own
       | home-grown, poorly documented, and unsatisfactory solutions. Now,
       | we look like fools.
       | 
       | I love working in government. I love building accessible, robust,
       | and user-centred services.
       | 
       | I don't love: writing IAM policies, learning about what a
       | "service principal" is, naming resource groups, having to open a
       | support ticket to change an environment variable, having my
       | password expire in the middle of an incident when I want to read
       | logs, or spending more than PS50 a month of taxpayer money for a
       | monolith with a database and a Redis. I had to do none of those
       | on the PaaS.
       | 
       | RIP.
        
         | matthewcford wrote:
         | Agree, I'm not sure how they can say with a straight face that
         | people should use the other new forms services they are
         | launching. If that is not profitable will it just be shut down
         | in a few years too?
        
       | mordae wrote:
       | And this is how digital sovereignty of European nations ends.
       | 
       | From this on, European public sector will be completely dependent
       | on US.
       | 
       | This effectively means no real separate foreign policy.
       | 
       | At the same time when US balances on the edge of fascism abyss.
        
         | wyuenho wrote:
         | To be fair, Europe as a whole is 20-30 years behind on most
         | fronts from the state of the art of information technology. The
         | European governments have neither the will nor the capacity to
         | invest in any large scale digital infrastructure or ecosystem.
         | It's simply too late, the ship has sailed.
        
           | ckolkey wrote:
           | What? In denmark, we have:
           | 
           | - Government issued MFA/SSO solution (nemid, now mitid)
           | 
           | - Online tax filing
           | 
           | - Drivers License/Health Card apps
           | 
           | - Secure communications platform (e-boks) for official
           | messages
           | 
           | And thats just off the top of my head. The likelihood that
           | the US catches up to this in any meaningful way is slim to
           | none.
        
             | nigma1337 wrote:
             | I wouldn't really show off nemid/mitid as a shining example
             | for digitalization in Denmark. Mitid came out already with
             | security issues[1].
             | 
             | I do agree that the 20-30 years behind is a gross
             | overestimation, but acting like we're a shining example of
             | modern IT is a stretch as well.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.version2.dk/artikel/eksperter-saar-tvivl-
             | om-sikk...
        
           | ojhughes wrote:
           | Can you renew your driving license online in the US?
        
             | tallanvor wrote:
             | Yes, although at least in Washington State you can only
             | renew online every other time since they want you to come
             | in and get a new picture taken every 12-16 years. Which
             | isn't really unreasonable when you consider that's your
             | main photo id.
        
             | gorbachev wrote:
             | Yes. Obviously depends on which US State you're talking
             | about, however.
        
           | wyuenho wrote:
           | At the risk of getting further downvoted, let me enlighten
           | the Europeans still awake reading this thread just how far
           | behind you all are.
           | 
           | Hardware:
           | 
           | - All fabs are 20 years behinds leading edge
           | 
           | - ARM, STM, and NXP are largely unable to manufacture their
           | designs
           | 
           | - Little capability to manufacture any electronics
           | 
           | - Little ability to assemble any electronics
           | 
           | - Increasing little capability to even design electronic
           | devices. Logitech and a bunch of much much smaller niche
           | firms are all that's left.
           | 
           | - What was once the crown jewel of European communication
           | technology - networking devices, are technologically wholly
           | eclipsed by Chinese firms. You had to rely on Trump to save
           | Nokia and Ericsson.
           | 
           | - Besides a small microcontroller chip here and there, what
           | other *components* on your computer or phone you bought in
           | the last 15-20 years that's European? When was the last time
           | you used a Nokia or Ericsson?
           | 
           | - Not one PaaS that is wholly European and remotely approach
           | the scale of American and Chinese PaaS.
           | 
           | Software:
           | 
           | - Most software are applications, very few is able to reach
           | global scale. Besides Spotify and Skype, what else is a
           | household name? Proton?
           | 
           | - Inability to produce software infrastructure. No OS is
           | European, no browser is European, no Cloud infrastructure
           | such as databases, message queues, containers and so forth
           | are European, not even a widely used protocol is European.
           | 
           | - Open banking and SEPA. Are these technologies? I think they
           | were just regulations.
           | 
           | - Programming languages, there's Python, which never caught
           | on in Europe until very recently. Congratulations.
           | 
           | Europe has missed out on silicon, on PC, on the internet, on
           | the Cloud, and now, on smart phones and cars. Since WWII,
           | what Europe has been is essentially a knowledge worker pool
           | for the Americans and the Russians, and largely the Americans
           | since the Cold War ended.
           | 
           | Europe as a whole can't even compete with Korea or Japan,
           | nevermind America and China. Wake up.
        
             | bennyp101 wrote:
             | So, what you are trying to say is: "Please stop sending us
             | your well educated and skilled people - we need to spend
             | more money on our country and citizens, not absurd wages
             | for tech"?
             | 
             | That's super kind of you, I think Europe could get back on
             | its feet with that kind of leg up.
        
               | wyuenho wrote:
               | What I'm saying is, at this point, Europe has lost the
               | competition on so many waves of technological
               | disruptions, there's simply no hope. The only thing
               | Europe can do to gain back some international negotiating
               | power is to invest in the next wave. Unfortunately, we
               | can pretty much declare Europe has lost on AI, and good
               | luck with hydrogen-based energy.
               | 
               | The European brain drain to America simply will not stop
               | until there's a complete ecosystem.
        
             | kitbrennan wrote:
             | I realise I'm just replying to a troll's cherry picked list
             | at this point, but come on you're not even trying.
             | 
             | All of those chips and fabs all rely on ASML? Those
             | manufacturers you list literally couldn't make the chips
             | they make without an EU company being the backbone of their
             | work.
             | 
             | You can't think of global scale European applications. SAP,
             | the worlds third largest software company by revenue?
             | Representative of the EU's tech sector, probably not, but
             | it goes to show your either ignorant of the wider industry
             | in the EU or being deceiving.
             | 
             | > Open banking and SEPA. Are these technologies? I think
             | they were just regulations.
             | 
             | Turns out regulations can be a good thing? Our banking
             | infrastructure 'just works', instantly, EU wide, with low
             | fees and technology first.
             | 
             | > Wake up.
             | 
             | People get real holiday, great purchasing power (sure, not
             | as high as a US tech worker, but pretty darn good),
             | healthcare that doesn't bankrupt them, proper mental health
             | treatment so walking down a street isn't a gamble, great
             | affordable education, and the pleasure of not having a mass
             | shooting multiple times a week. But yeah, the US has some
             | big companies. Good for you bud.
        
               | wyuenho wrote:
               | Speaking of cherry-picking. Which European fab is ASML
               | selling to? Being able to manufacture one machine for one
               | stage of the process doesn't make an industry. Europe has
               | some great niche companies, but has a real problem
               | fostering an actual ecosystem.
               | 
               | Europe has sleep-walked into technological irrelevance
               | since at least the early 2000s. In 10 years or so, all
               | there's left in European tech that's competitive is going
               | to be aviation, and agriculture and fashion if you count
               | them as tech.
               | 
               | > People get real holiday, great purchasing power (sure,
               | not as high as a US tech worker, but pretty darn good),
               | healthcare that doesn't bankrupt them, proper mental
               | health treatment so walking down a street isn't a gamble,
               | great affordable education, and the pleasure of not
               | having a mass shooting multiple times a week. But yeah,
               | the US has some big companies. Good for you bud.
               | 
               | US tech workers have PTO, and Europe has mass shootings
               | as well, and war and migrant crisis on the border.
               | FANNG's profit is not just big, they are so massive, they
               | dwarf many European countries' GDP.
               | 
               | The truth is hard to swallow, but if Europe doesn't
               | recognize just how far behind you are, you are never
               | going to catch up, or even better, produce some
               | industrial leaders once in a while.
        
           | _joel wrote:
           | Sorry, but that's absolute crap.
        
           | dragoncrab wrote:
           | In Hungary, you can digitally sign documents using your ID
           | card or your online account at the local equivalent of
           | gov.uk. Certificates are signed and managed by the
           | government. Quite handy for everyday contracts like an
           | apartment renovation.
        
           | Denvercoder9 wrote:
           | > To be fair, Europe as a whole is 20-30 years behind on most
           | fronts from the state of the art of information technology.
           | 
           | This is a gross, unjustified generalization. Sure, there's a
           | lot of old crap around, but that's no different from other
           | parts of the world; but there's also lots of new, modern
           | stuff, with a huge diversity across the continent.
           | 
           | Just to give a common counterexample, the SEPA system allows
           | me to trivially transmit money to anyone in the eurozone, for
           | a considerable portion of them (including everyone in my
           | country) in seconds, completely free of charge and
           | involvement of any third party except my and their bank. Cash
           | App, Venmo and comparable services basically don't exist in
           | the EU, _because_ the governments stimulated and mandated
           | large scale interoperable digital infrastructure.
        
             | fauigerzigerk wrote:
             | SEPA is good but not that good. It normally takes two days
             | for my money to arrive, longer over weekends and holidays.
             | The UK Faster Payments system actually does work within
             | seconds most of the time, but only within the UK.
        
               | Denvercoder9 wrote:
               | The SEPA Instant Credit Transfer scheme introduced in
               | 2017 introduced 10-second transfers. Not all banks are
               | participating yet, particularly in (south-)eastern
               | Europe, but it's a fast growing share, and in my home
               | country (the Netherlands) just about everyone does.
        
               | fauigerzigerk wrote:
               | All of my SEPA transfers after 2017 took days and none of
               | them involved banks in (south-)eastern Europe. But it's
               | good to hear that things are improving.
        
               | Hamuko wrote:
               | I can transfer funds from my Finnish bank account to my
               | German bank account and I get a push notification from
               | the German one within seconds of submitting it. If your
               | SEPA transfers aren't instant, it just means that one or
               | both of the banks involved haven't just adapted it yet.
               | 
               | Banks might also have only implemented receiver or
               | sending, but not both. My mom can receive my instant SEPA
               | transfers, but she can't send me one back since her bank
               | has only implemented the receiving part.
        
             | wyuenho wrote:
             | Where do you think those digital infrastructure are hosted?
        
               | Brometheus wrote:
               | Well, where do you think those digial infrasture are
               | hosted?
        
               | wyuenho wrote:
               | Increasingly on the big 3 American cloud I can tell you
               | that.
        
               | jonathantf2 wrote:
               | OVH, Hetzner, Scaleway, etc? European clouds that don't
               | gauge their customers.
        
               | wyuenho wrote:
               | I take this as a joke.
        
             | vertis wrote:
             | Agreed, there are so many areas where the US trails the
             | rest of the world as far as technology is concerned. The
             | Australian taxation system tech would probably be enough to
             | make most US citizens cry for what they have to endure, and
             | I'm not even sure it's the best one out there.
             | 
             | Paying on credit card in the US was painful compared to the
             | experience in Australia a few years ago. Australia had tap-
             | to-pay everywhere and so many places in the US were still
             | requiring swipe and signature (I mean WTF).
             | 
             | I have found SEPA to be quite good. Australia has PayID as
             | well which works well.
             | 
             | To cherry-pick, Estonia is leading the world when it comes
             | to digital government. It has been an absolute pleasure to
             | use their e-resident system to run a company. They're
             | fostering a startup ecosystem that is punching well above
             | it's weight[0]. From autonomous delivery robots[1] to Wise.
             | 
             | Government technology can often lag behind private sector
             | technology, both from an inately conservative approach, but
             | also because they have to care about things that often get
             | ignored with private sector tech, like supporting everyone
             | (e.g. robust accessibility).
             | 
             | But to say that Europe is 20-30 years behind is just not a
             | realistic view of the world.
             | 
             | [0]: https://www.zdnet.com/article/estonia-has-
             | just-1-3-million-p... [1]: https://estonia.ee/delivery-
             | robots-created-by-estonian-engin...
        
               | tallanvor wrote:
               | Technology isn't the reason the US appears to lag in some
               | cases - business and governmental policy decisions are
               | behind everything you list, and plenty of people don't
               | like it.
               | 
               | The truth is that 20-30 years ago Europe was lagging
               | behind the US in some respects - credit card acceptance,
               | computer usage in some businesses, etc. But obviously
               | they're on par with the US today, and where they're ahead
               | or behind the US the reason isn't access to technology,
               | rather it's usually government policy.
        
               | vertis wrote:
               | It's quite nuanced, which of course the GP comment
               | wasn't. -\\_(tsu)_/-
               | 
               | Government policy and societal attitude are two parts of
               | the reason. It's not really fair to compare US and
               | Estonia really, One is managing 350(?) million people and
               | the other 1.3 million. Even comparing Australia to
               | Estonia though, the differences in behaviour from the
               | government entities are remarkable.
               | 
               | Australia has a real "we're going to catch you" vibe to
               | it's taxation and social services, where as, Estonia
               | seems to really have an attitude of trying to build
               | awesome things to make their citizens better off and to
               | streamline things.
               | 
               | Governments and their relationship to technology, both as
               | a provider and also as a regulator is a complex beast. As
               | you say, so many of the problems are manifestations in
               | the imperfections of our democracies. Regardless of which
               | AU, EU, GB, US all have flaws that we have to live with
               | and work to improve.
        
             | trasz wrote:
             | It's not generalization, it's mistaking what layman think
             | of technology (websites and apps, 90% of which are useful
             | only for extracting investors cash) with what actually is
             | technology.
        
           | opsunit wrote:
           | Estonia beg to differ: https://e-estonia.com
        
             | vertis wrote:
             | I beg to differ on Estonia's behalf. Estonia is awesome.
             | Happy e-resident and Estonian company owner.
             | 
             | Happy Wise customer, Happy Xolo customer. I love Bolt (when
             | available).
             | 
             | Those are just the ones I can think of off the top of my
             | head.
        
           | yakubin wrote:
           | As a European, to me US online banking and payments look like
           | Stone Age technology.
        
           | jen20 wrote:
           | Given that the US still appears to think that cheques are the
           | height of technology and part of a trivially researchable SSN
           | is proof of identity, I'm not convinced that any sector
           | besides surveillance capitalism is behind.
        
         | personjerry wrote:
         | Little bit of a stretch to go from "UK government website will
         | use AWS" to conclude that "European public sector will be
         | completely dependent on US"
        
         | nonrandomstring wrote:
         | We're not abandoning the idea, just the current project
         | architecture. Reading more carefully, it's saying the
         | architecture PaaS is currently built on is reaching the end of
         | its days. It's natural to revise this after 7 years. Outcomes
         | of the next round may be a new PaaS for government (and
         | hopefully civil) deployments, with more flexibility around the
         | cloud targets to allow hybrid on-prem, colo, and mixed cloud
         | substrate. If anything that strengthens hybrid resilience
         | against mono-cultures or foreign influence.
        
         | InTheArena wrote:
         | Um. You may want to tone this down a bit.
         | 
         | The current solution is Cloudfoundry.
         | 
         | On AWS.
         | 
         | They are simply doing what every other CF customer is doing -
         | realizing that the platform they chose to run on is dead.
         | 
         | Last I looked, no one was holding a gun to any Europeans head
         | saying "You must only use evil US software comrade!"
         | 
         | In fact, I think it's a European who is holding a gun to other
         | Europeans heads at the moment.
        
         | whylo wrote:
         | GOV.UK PaaS always ran on top of AWS (though in UK and Ireland
         | regions), so it's always been dependent on a US company anyway
        
           | naasking wrote:
           | > so it's always been dependent on a US company anyway
           | 
           | I'm not sure large multinational corporations belong to any
           | specific country at this point.
        
             | yunohn wrote:
             | If anything, they belong to the governments that offer the
             | best tax rates and least liability. For FAANG, this often
             | means the Ireland + Netherlands.
        
             | mellavora wrote:
             | should be:
             | 
             | I'm sure specific country belongs to large multinational
             | corporation at this point.
             | 
             | There, fixed it for you :)
        
             | dfadsadsf wrote:
             | One thing that became extremely clear after anti-Russian
             | sanctions were imposed is that multinational corporations
             | absolutely belong to specific country or set of countries.
             | 
             | Putting government websites and services on AWS or Azure
             | pretty much precludes independent foreign or domestic
             | policy. It's ok now (UK and US are pretty tight) but
             | things/alliances change and in 20 or 30 years it could
             | become huge problem.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | > One thing that became extremely clear after anti-
               | Russian sanctions were imposed is that multinational
               | corporations absolutely belong to specific country or set
               | of countries.
               | 
               | "Set of countries", aka economy yes, "single country" no.
               | If every nation except the US allied with Russia over
               | Ukraine, I'm not so sure McDonald's would have pulled out
               | of Russia.
        
               | dfadsadsf wrote:
               | US can force Microsoft or Google to pull out of UK in the
               | same way Russian government can force Gazprom to stop
               | selling gas to Germany. Again it's unlikely in current
               | geopolitical situation but imagine that fascists or
               | communists come to power in US (both are non zero
               | probability). If there is one thing that history teaches
               | us is that alliances are unstable.
               | 
               | Also US can easily force McDonalds to pull out of Russia
               | - CEO and leadership live in US and have to comply with
               | US sanctions unless they want to pull Lavabit or spend
               | time in jail.
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | Is there any Europe-based PaaS currently operating, that are
           | noteworthy? Most companies seems to be US-based.
        
             | netgusto wrote:
             | There's https://scalingo.com/ Works well.
        
             | eastbound wrote:
             | Is OVH a PaaS?
        
               | jonatron wrote:
               | If Managed Kubernetes counts as a PaaS, maybe?
               | https://www.ovhcloud.com/en-gb/public-cloud/kubernetes/
        
             | jeromenerf wrote:
             | "Europe based": yes, we are french.
             | 
             | "Currently operating": yes, steadily, for seven years now.
             | 
             | "Noteworthy": yes, I really hope we are, at least, we have
             | been quite newsworthy recently
             | 
             | "Most companies seems to be US-based": well, we have US
             | employees and we are running on top of US based companies
             | infrastructure, amongst others.
             | 
             | o/
             | 
             | --
             | 
             | platform.sh
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | "If I sign up to your service and deploy stuff to one of
               | your Europe-based data centers, will my data ever land on
               | a US-based company's servers?" [______]
               | 
               | Edit: Apparently not! Didn't even have to sign up to the
               | service (just loaded the landing page) and my data ended
               | up on some US-based (Google) entity's servers
               | (fonts.googleapis.com).
               | 
               | Looks like a nice platform, unfortunately doesn't seem
               | too privacy-aware so gonna have to find something else.
        
               | genousti wrote:
               | It will. As long as the company does business in the us
               | then american governmenet can force access to data hosted
               | somewhere else. They did it in the past theyll do it
               | again
        
             | tazjin wrote:
             | Yandex, I guess.
             | 
             | You also have a variety of smaller providers hosting
             | OpenStack, which gives you some platformy services.
        
               | Hamuko wrote:
               | If you count Russia to be European, which is debatable
               | from both a cultural and a geographical perspective.
               | Yandex only has one data center outside of
               | Russia/definitely in Europe, and last I heard, they
               | needed 600,000EUR worth of diesel per day to keep it
               | running.
        
               | trasz wrote:
               | Russia is definitely not European from business
               | perspective; it's closer to North Korea now.
        
             | Veen wrote:
             | I understand the intent of the question, but in this case a
             | UK-based alternative would be preferable, not just a
             | European alternative. The UK is more likely to find itself
             | at odds with France than the U.S.
             | 
             | That thought reminds me of a conversation in an episode of
             | Yes Prime Minister:
             | 
             | > Hacker: I sometimes wonder why we need the [nuclear]
             | weapons.
             | 
             | > Sir Humphrey: Minister! You're not a unilateralist?
             | 
             | > Hacker: I sometimes wonder, you know.
             | 
             | > Sir Humphrey: Well, then, you must resign from the
             | government!
             | 
             | > Hacker: Ah, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. I'm not that
             | unilateralist! Anyway, the Americans will always protect us
             | from the Russians, won't they?
             | 
             | > Sir Humphrey: Russians? Who's talking about the Russians?
             | 
             | > Hacker: Well, the independent deterrent.
             | 
             | > Sir Humphrey: It's to protect us against the French!
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | > but in this case a UK-based alternative would be
               | preferable
               | 
               | For you maybe, but not for me :) I just took advantage of
               | the threat to ask a slightly unrelated question (although
               | parent mentioned Ireland as well, so maybe slightly on
               | topic at least)
        
             | yannski wrote:
             | Scalingo https://scalingo.com is basically a french Heroku-
             | compatible PaaS based on a reliable french IaaS (Outscale,
             | cloud subsidiary of Dassault Systemes, the famous maker of
             | Catia, Solidworkds, etc)
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | There's Scaleway that provide managed Kubernetes and also
             | "serverless" (containers or functions as a service, based
             | on Knative).
        
             | rorymalcolm wrote:
             | I feel the biggest PaaS offerrings in Europe are internal
             | deployments within the enterprise!
        
             | fbn79 wrote:
             | Lidl (germany supermarket company) backed STACKIT?
             | 
             | https://www.stackit.de/en/cloud/products-services/
        
             | harry-wood wrote:
             | Memset is based in the UK. Used them a few years back, but
             | I'm afraid we moved to AWS after a few too many reliability
             | issues.
        
             | chadwcarlson wrote:
             | Platform.sh is another (employee here). We're a French PaaS
             | and DevOps platform. So we provide hosting, but also every
             | bit of operations needed to provision infrastructure and
             | true staging environments for every pull request/branch
             | with just a `git branch`. We work with Azure, GCP, AWS for
             | 9+ regions across the globe, many of those in Europe. This
             | has allowed us to also provide the backend for OVHCloud's
             | WebPaaS (https://www.ovhcloud.com/en-gb/web-paas/) behind-
             | the-scenes.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | atwood22 wrote:
         | Don't feel bad. Europeans have a much better work-life balance.
         | Plenty of parental leave. A culture that prioritizes life
         | outside the office. Six weeks of guaranteed vacation that
         | people actually take. Etc.
         | 
         | Those things have a price. Namely, when people work less, less
         | innovation happens, which means less productivity growth
         | happens, which means less innovation happens, and so on. I
         | lived in Germany for two years. I absolutely loved it. However,
         | despite its reputation, it's not a place that I would say
         | prioritizes work (compared to the U.S.)
        
           | maccard wrote:
           | > Namely, when people work less, less innovation happens,
           | which means less productivity growth happens, which means
           | less innovation happens, and so on.
           | 
           | That's quite a stretch. Ask any engineer about having that
           | a-ha moment in the shower, or when out for a walk. Downtime
           | is incredibly important for mentally intense work. Work
           | smarter, not harder and all that. Productivity isn't tied to
           | time spent in office - my experience with american offices is
           | that they encourage people to hang around, spend time there
           | with meals, etc. That's not productive time, that's time
           | spent in the office. Similarly, innovation doesn't come from
           | time in the office, it comes from collaboration, experience,
           | thinking outside the box.
           | 
           | > However, despite its reputation, it's not a place that I
           | would say prioritizes work (compared to the U.S.)
           | 
           | I don't think this is a fair statement. The US prioritizes
           | butts-in-seats, workplaces where you're competing against
           | your peers, system where the power imbalance between an
           | employee and employer is heavily stacked in favour of the
           | employer. That doesn't mean that the US prioritizes work.,
           | and it definitely doesn't mean that Germany doesn't
           | prioritize work.
        
             | atwood22 wrote:
             | > That's quite a stretch. Ask any engineer about having
             | that a-ha moment in the shower, or when out for a walk.
             | Downtime is incredibly important for mentally intense work.
             | 
             | I agree but I think you'll find that working usually
             | contributes economic value. Not working usually doesn't.
             | The key word being _usually._ if you're in doubt, just try
             | to record the economic value delivered by your downtime.
             | How many hours are idled for every a-ha moment? Not that
             | there is anything wrong with idling...
             | 
             | > That doesn't mean that the US prioritizes work., and it
             | definitely doesn't mean that Germany doesn't prioritize
             | work.
             | 
             | I'm using productivity as a measurement. Ideally,
             | productivity accounts for inefficient work by comparing
             | inputs (labor) to economic outputs. The U.S. is more
             | productive in this sense, so it's more than just butts in
             | seats.
        
               | ar0 wrote:
               | > I'm using productivity as a measurement. Ideally,
               | productivity accounts for inefficient work by comparing
               | inputs (labor) to economic outputs. The U.S. is more
               | productive in this sense, so it's more than just butts in
               | seats.
               | 
               | Actually, the differences are quite small and in 2017
               | Germany overtook the US in labour productivity:
               | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-productivity-
               | per-ho...
        
               | atwood22 wrote:
               | That data is adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP).
               | So in real dollars Germany did not overtake the US.
        
               | temac wrote:
               | Economic value has no strong meaning. When you mow your
               | lawn yourself, does this action have economic value? If
               | so, why is it not measured? If not, why does it have if
               | you hire someone to do the work for you? Likewise for
               | some jobs that are quite country specific: do old people
               | who need a job to survive have more economic value than
               | old annuitant people who can take care of their grand-
               | children? What about reading a book? What about then
               | discussing about said book with others? What if that
               | discussion makes some students better? What if you are a
               | teacher? What if you are a benevolent? What about writing
               | a novel that would have had tremendous economic value if
               | published but keeping it to yourself? What if that novel
               | is then published after your death?
               | 
               | Productivity has no strong meaning either. How do you
               | measure it? GDP PPP / worker / hour? What if it actually
               | depends on externalities like the amount of carbon
               | released in the atmosphere? What is actually a worker
               | (back at the what is "work" and "economic value" point)?
               | What if it counts destroying then rebuilding things (as-
               | is)? What if it counts absurdly high health expenses?
               | What if it counts absurdly high health expenses coming in
               | part because some people illegal pushed for addictive
               | drugs to be way over-prescribed by corrupting physicians?
        
               | mattkrause wrote:
               | This is only true to an extent.
               | 
               | During WW1, the British "Health of Munition Workers'
               | Committee" collected some fascinating data on production
               | and working hours from armament factories. These were
               | fairly motivated workers, doing semi-skilled manual tasks
               | where you'd expect productivity to scale linearly with
               | time on the job.
               | 
               | Moving from 25 hours/week to 30, 40, or 45 hours did lead
               | to a proportional increase in output, but it then begins
               | to plateau. Teams working 7x 10 hour shifts produced
               | about as much as those working 8x6.
               | 
               | Check out the first few figures of Pencavel, J. (2014).
               | The Productivity of Working Hours. _The Economic Journal_
               | , 125(589), 2052-2076. Portico.
               | https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12166
               | 
               | Data collected from American workers during WW2 showed a
               | similar pattern. I'd expect that "creative" work has an
               | even smaller linear range, but I'm not aware of any
               | studies.
        
               | Gordonjcp wrote:
               | > I agree but I think you'll find that working usually
               | contributes economic value.
               | 
               | That's unimportant, though.
        
               | maccard wrote:
               | By that logic economic value is only created by active
               | work, and not by any of the thought process that goes
               | into it. That's an asinine thought process.
        
               | atwood22 wrote:
               | Yes, value is created by work. The asinine thought
               | process is to somehow suggest that a meaningful amount of
               | economic output is intangibly created by _not_ working.
               | Economic output isn't the end-all-be-all metric to use
               | for life. But it's a little crazy to suggest that you can
               | move this particular metric by doing nothing in
               | aggregate.
        
               | the_other wrote:
               | > I agree but I think you'll find that working usually
               | contributes economic value.
               | 
               | _Some_ people have to be "not working" in order to make
               | use of all the other areas of the economy - shops,
               | transport, leisure centres, clubs, nightlife, the arts,
               | self-care (beauty, massage, counselling etc). That's a
               | fairly large slice of the economic activity in many
               | countries.
        
               | atwood22 wrote:
               | Sure, but they can't spend more than they make, and they
               | can't make more than they produce. Obviously this might
               | not hold true for every individual, but it holds true in
               | aggregate.
        
           | qbasic_forever wrote:
           | Yet Germany is the 4th largest economy in the entire world
           | with a GDP of near 4 trillion US dollars, despite being a
           | country of only 83 million people (only the 19th largest
           | country in world). Perhaps the Germans have figured out how
           | to work smarter, not harder...
        
             | filmgirlcw wrote:
             | OK, but the state of California is the fifth largest
             | economy in the entire world ($3.4T USD) and has less than
             | half the population of Germany.
             | 
             | Arguments like this are pointless.
        
             | atwood22 wrote:
             | U.S. productivity is higher than Germany (outputs /
             | inputs), so it appears Germany hasn't quite figured out how
             | to worker smarter than people in the U.S.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | Yeah, but how much of the value that this is based on is
               | artificially inflated, either by outright bullshit such
               | as HFT and other forms of "wealth" that are solely
               | created out of numbers or to account for indirect
               | bullshit such as absurd healthcare and rent costs that
               | drive up wages and, indirectly, product prices?
        
               | andrekandre wrote:
               | > artificially inflated
               | 
               | a huge chunk of that is excessive healthcare costs
               | 
               | https://www.statista.com/statistics/184968/us-health-
               | expendi...
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | Yup. My back-of-envelope from past looks at this is that
               | 5-10% of US GDP is _purely_ drag from excess healthcare
               | costs, i.e. we 'd collectively be better off and our
               | economy (entrepreneurship, especially) healthier if that
               | amount of our GDP simply _vanished_ , even though it
               | would mean lower GDP per capita.
               | 
               | There's a quote from Obama in an article from The Nation
               | years ago, that basically says we can't fix our
               | healthcare system properly because it would put too many
               | (white-collar make-work jobs program participants,
               | essentially, under our current system) people out of
               | work.
        
           | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
           | _> Europeans have [...] Six weeks of guaranteed vacation that
           | people actually take._
           | 
           | That is false. EU mandates minimum 4 weeks of PTO across all
           | members but varies wildly according to country, sector and
           | company.
           | 
           | In most EU countries I've seen the average tends to hover
           | around 5 weeks while 6 weeks or more is usually for very
           | generous employers trying to attract top applicants in
           | employee friendly countries.
           | 
           | I get you're attempting a jab at Americans by flashing large
           | number of PTO, but let's be realistic that 6 weeks is not the
           | norm in for all jobs in the whole of Europe.
        
             | Gordonjcp wrote:
             | Six _days_ PTO would still be a jab at Americans.
        
             | tchalla wrote:
             | > 4 weeks of PTO
             | 
             | There's vacation and sick leave in most of EU. PTO is an
             | acronym used in the US and the concept doesn't apply in
             | Europe.
        
             | atwood22 wrote:
             | You're not including bank holidays. The UK, for instance,
             | has 20 days + 8-10 bank holidays. Italy has 20 + 10.
             | Germany has 20 + 10. Denmark 25 + 11. France 25 + 11. Spain
             | 22 + 14. Finland 25 + 11. I could go on...
        
           | what-the-grump wrote:
           | So we should all be learning Chinese by your logic?
        
             | KronisLV wrote:
             | > So we should all be learning Chinese by your logic?
             | 
             | I fail to see how admitting that certain countries have
             | particular qualities that make them less competitive in a
             | given industry and thus make it more economically feasible
             | to use the solutions of other nations, means that they
             | would become dependent on another culture/language.
             | 
             | I mean, exploring new languages and knowing a few polite
             | phrases is generally a good idea, even if you don't find
             | the idea of learning a new language fun/useful personally.
             | That said, it's not like it's required either: people who
             | shop on AliExpress don't need to know Chinese by any means.
             | 
             | Globalization (and thus getting out-competed in certain
             | respects) is kind of inevitable nowadays, though admittedly
             | it would be really cool to see European alternatives to AWS
             | - I mean, Alibaba Cloud and Yandex Cloud seem to prove that
             | it's at least somewhat feasible to explore something like
             | that and companies like Hetzner and Scaleway seem to also
             | prove that the infrastructure aspects are basically
             | covered.
             | 
             | All that's missing is the platform around it, as well as
             | all of the complexity and development that would come with
             | setting out to make something like that.
        
           | trasz wrote:
           | You're conflating innovation with office work, while in
           | reality it's often - or mostly - the inverse: the work
           | patterns typical for software industry hurt innovation,
           | replacing it mindless repetition - see the vast majority of
           | software startups.
        
           | tarjei_huse wrote:
           | This may cut both ways with regards to innovation. For
           | example, Europe as come way longer than the US when it comes
           | to automation in various sectors (see f.x. the recent
           | Economist article about inefficiencies in the US retail
           | sector).
           | 
           | The main US advantage wrt to the last generation of tech
           | giants (i.e. Google, Facebook and Amazon) is language. You
           | will reach scale far faster in the US than in Europe because
           | you do not have to translate your product to new languages
           | and markets. Thus the US giants reached scale before similar
           | European products could compete.
        
       | dj_mc_merlin wrote:
       | > We also need to operate with a growth mindset in GDS
       | 
       | Is it just me or is it weird to see "startup speak" from gov
       | agencies?
        
         | eterm wrote:
         | That's not startup speak it's "business consultancy" speak and
         | the UK goverment loves to hire business consultants to tell the
         | uk civil service how to work.
        
         | benjaminwootton wrote:
         | It is however desirable to see compared to what came before.
        
         | jrochkind1 wrote:
         | Also though... the actual content, why? Why does GDS need to
         | operate with a "growth mindset"?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | eterm wrote:
           | Cynically it can be seen as part of the war on introversion.
           | 
           | Consultancies rebadged introverts as having a "fixed mindset"
           | and extroverts as having a "growth mindset" and then labelled
           | having a fixed mindset as a terrible thing.
           | 
           | But that criticism is demonstration of a "fixed mindset" and
           | therefore should be discarded and should be ignored.
           | 
           | That's the cynical take. The less cynical take is that having
           | an open mind helps businesses and services adapt to their
           | needs.
        
             | wtetzner wrote:
             | It's not clear to me how "growth mindset" equates to
             | "having an open mind".
        
           | heurisko wrote:
           | They qualify their usage of business-speak:
           | 
           | > Our growth strategy is obviously not about making profit,
           | but we are a small team at the centre of government and we
           | need to make sure our people and our money are focused on
           | services that have the biggest reach and the most impact.
           | 
           | It's not quite Fry and Laurie yet. "Oh, you have shares in
           | the Royal Family?"
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLfghLQE3F4
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | lupire wrote:
        
       | 40four wrote:
       | I think it has to be intentional, but if not it's still funny :)
       | 
       | > "Over the same period departments have built better and more
       | expert in-house cloud engineering capability, and are (broadly)
       | _clustering_ around a Kubernetes based architecture."*
        
       | loafoe wrote:
       | Another Cloud foundry based platform moving on to Kubernetes.
       | Perhaps https://github.com/cloudfoundry/cf-for-k8s can provide a
       | simple migration path..
        
         | severalbadgers wrote:
         | Have you seen Korifi? https://github.com/cloudfoundry/korifi
         | 
         | This is the one I expect to become the primary CF product on
         | k8s
        
           | loafoe wrote:
           | Ah, another one! On the other hand, if you've already
           | containerized your app and are not using buildpacks, the
           | switch to Kubernetes should be fairly easy. Thanks for the
           | link, will check.
        
       | trasz wrote:
       | >The big cloud providers (AWS, Azure, GCP and others) have upped
       | their game
       | 
       | So now UK citizens are going to be forced to use services from a
       | country known for largely non-working legal system (where being
       | provably innocent is not enough to call off execution, see
       | Scalia; where a monetary fine is an adequate sentence for
       | premeditated murder, see OG Simpson, not to mention de facto
       | legal immunity for cops committing crimes on duty) and for
       | droning random civilians with impunity (see Hague Invasion Act).
        
         | jon-wood wrote:
         | Large parts of GDS already run on AWS, and I think that may
         | even have been the case for PaaS itself.
        
           | _joel wrote:
           | I know HMRC went all in on DynamoDB when I was working
           | indirectly for them via a provider. This was in 2017.
        
             | cyberpunk wrote:
             | No way they finally moved the NI db off of sybase?
        
           | severalbadgers wrote:
           | Yes, GOV.UK PaaS runs atop AWS.
        
         | corrral wrote:
         | > OG Simpson
         | 
         | It's OJ, but thanks for giving me the perfect stage name for my
         | 90s-pop-culture-themed hip-hop act.
        
         | angio wrote:
         | That's a feature. The UK can ask the US to request data to AWS
         | about UK citizens without breaking any law about spying on UK
         | citizens. Now they can filter all citizens that ticked "muslim"
         | or "arab" in one of the many gov forms, cross reference with
         | fb/twitter/insta for signs of extremism and flag them as
         | suspicious individuals.
        
       | rambojazz wrote:
       | I don't get it, are they saying that public organizations should
       | move to using AWS/Azure/GCP?
        
         | iasay wrote:
         | Well they sort of do already. There are armies of consultancies
         | queuing up to provide packaged solutions far above the cloud
         | infra level solutions abstractions that GDS offer. Those guys
         | use commercial clouds.
        
         | _joel wrote:
         | No, not at all. They released services and software to make
         | integrations easier on these platforms but the toolset is
         | becoming stale and more effort goes into k8s (on several
         | different clouds, depending on project)
        
         | CaptArmchair wrote:
         | In a way, it could be interpreted like that.
         | 
         | It's another way of saying "maintaining infrastructure isn't a
         | task of a public service." Generally, the "why/why not" tends
         | to be answered with: "A public services can never provide a
         | similar value proposition compared to private vendors." which
         | isn't really an answer to the question.
         | 
         | One problematic aspect is that public entities don't just rely
         | on infrastructure, but also on an entire stack of in-house
         | expertise that provides support and understands the specifics
         | that come with the problem domain - e.g. legal compliance,
         | accountability,... - of providing public services online.
         | 
         | So, barring an alternative, this would effectively mean that
         | public services would have to source consultancy themselves on
         | the private market to set up / maintain their applications on a
         | private cloud on a per-project basis. Both of which are easily
         | a factor more expensive compared to a shared platform /
         | framework / solution where resources and expertise can be
         | pooled together to provide affordable and secure services
         | towards other branches of the authorities.
         | 
         | Oddly enough, they seem to be all to aware of that conundrum:
         | 
         | > In parallel, we are starting a piece of joint work with the
         | Central Digital & Data Office, in partnership with Chief
         | Technology Officers (CTOs) across government, to understand
         | what a future central hosting offer could or should be. We
         | don't know what we'll conclude, the options ranging from doing
         | nothing, to creating a reusable set of configuration and
         | management components (similar to the GOV.UK Design System, but
         | for secure cloud hosting) all the way through to building a new
         | PaaS v2 using different architecture.
         | 
         | Personally, I believe this is a decision based on cost. The
         | cost of keeping centralized hosting infrastructure based on old
         | technology online, or migrating towards new technology, is just
         | too steep and can't be readily justified anymore in 2022
         | compared to what the private market offers. Perhaps most
         | surprisingly: there's no clear short-term plan B for all those
         | entities relying on this service.
         | 
         | If I were managing a few projects from some department, I
         | wouldn't be happy learning that I'd now have 18 months to
         | scramble, figure out how to move forward, find funds, write a
         | project proposal, align all stakeholders, source consultancy,
         | etc. without going offline for a prolonged time.
        
           | matthewcford wrote:
           | Given they charged a markup on AWS costs, I find that it's
           | weird they did not manage to at least break even. Other
           | departments switching to running on their own cloud account
           | rather than use the PaaS could be the main reason, and that's
           | partly due to the PaaS/Cloud foundry stagnating.
        
       | benj111 wrote:
       | I wish this were spread to other government IT things.
       | 
       | The NHS uses a patchwork of different systems. Why should every
       | hospital have to sort out its own IT needs. Let the NHS do NHS
       | things and have an IT branch providing standardised software for
       | everyone.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Large government IT projects end up being done by companies
         | expert in extracting as much cash from the government as
         | possible. The end result is the product doesn't work properly
         | and is massively over budget. Then the government is forced to
         | hand over even more money to redesign bits to work better.
         | 
         | The government has been bitten by this many times, so now shys
         | away from big IT systems. Instead every department has to build
         | its own, usually with lots of Excel sheets and macros involved.
        
           | regularfry wrote:
           | The move at the moment is for central orgs to specify
           | standards and protocols so it doesn't matter who implements
           | them and the delegated authorities can buy from whoever. That
           | goes some way to preventing both one-big-vendor setups and
           | unstandardised fragmentation, and it was blindingly obvious
           | to anyone who's ever implemented more than a bash script that
           | it was the correct approach even 20 years ago. Only it's
           | taken a generation of civil servants ageing out at the top
           | end to make it happen.
        
         | jen20 wrote:
         | This is largely what Connecting for Health attempted, and the
         | only good things that came out of it were intangible to most -
         | N3 and the UK SNOMED extensions.
         | 
         | Unfortunately this was largely down to incompetent
         | consultancies, and a focus on providing what management wanted
         | rather than what clinicians wanted, and it has absolutely
         | poisoned the well with regards to information technology in the
         | NHS.
        
       | matthewcford wrote:
       | I was the first user of the GOV.UK PaaS for a production service
       | - GOV.UK Trade Tariff [0]. It's unfortunate that it has come to
       | this, and as others have pointed out, the blog doesn't instil
       | confidence about using other GDS services in the future.
       | 
       | Procurement in government is painfully slow, and that's one thing
       | that the PaaS excelled at, all departments could get set up
       | immediately.
       | 
       | I hope when making their financial assessment, they included the
       | saving that all departments using the PaaS are making not in
       | infrastructure but ops. Each service will increase ops spending;
       | there isn't a comparable managed platform for UK GOV services, so
       | each service will have to increase its devops support costs. I've
       | used Google Cloud Run and AWS Copilot, and both are far from
       | stable enough, in my opinion, for production use.
       | 
       | My only hope is that they revisit this decision, but it seems
       | likely we'll have to move the services we manage off.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.ukauthority.com/articles/trade-tariff-moves-
       | to-g...
        
       | robga wrote:
       | The June 2021 assessment [0] of the service notes that "the team
       | will never be able to fully recoup their cost through a recharge
       | model so will need to rely on centrally provided funding. This
       | poses an important risk to the longevity of the product, as it is
       | *dependent on political buy-in and budget from the Treasury*".
       | 
       | [0] https://www.gov.uk/service-standard-reports/gov-dot-uk-
       | platf...
        
         | banach wrote:
         | A pathetic example of the ideological myopia that plagues
         | Europe these days. States have provided services to their
         | inhabitants since prehistory, and the notion that this
         | infrastructure does not need financing is as healthy as a
         | corporation that thinks it does not need to invest to succeed.
         | At best, this strategy of living off of investments made by
         | previous generations is doomed to underperform compared to
         | states that take an active role in their own development.
        
           | noahtallen wrote:
           | We don't even have to zoom in on Europe. In the US, it's
           | quite common for folks to expect public services (like public
           | transit or even the USPS) to be profitable. Which means these
           | services don't get the investment they really need.
        
             | userabchn wrote:
             | If it was providing a service of as much value as was being
             | spent on it, then why shouldn't it be profitable?
        
               | orev wrote:
               | Having a profit motive drives a behavior of raising
               | prices as high as the market will bear. That inherently
               | excludes citizens who cannot afford to pay the "most
               | efficient" price, who are often the ones who need the
               | service the most (e.g. busses and other public
               | transport). That reduces the ability for society to
               | operate as a whole. If someone can't afford to get to
               | school, or to an entry-level job, how will they ever be
               | able to move up in skills and pay? Who will the high-end
               | electronic store sell their products to if people can't
               | afford them?
               | 
               | Municipal services are meant to serve as many citizens as
               | possible, not to extract as much profit as possible,
               | because it's an overall benefit to everyone.
        
           | Aloha wrote:
           | I don't know if this is a European wide problem or just a UK
           | one.
        
             | philpem wrote:
             | It certainly seems worst in the UK.
        
             | solarkraft wrote:
             | Definitely applies to Germany. Our infrastructure is deeply
             | fucked and we missed all the chances to innovate after 16
             | years of conservative rule, but the balance sheets look
             | nice though.
        
           | skrebbel wrote:
           | > compared to states that take an active role in their own
           | development.
           | 
           | I'm not sure I follow your argument. Which non-European
           | states do you think do this well?
        
             | AdrianB1 wrote:
             | Probably the Moon colony around year 2150.
        
       | foxhill wrote:
       | i was unable to update my driving licence for the best part of a
       | year because of some (still unknown) internal issue.
       | 
       | i hope they have better luck bringing back up a degraded/read-
       | only etcd service after a power cut.
       | 
       | unrelated - i guess i have some real contempt for the current
       | deployment stack meta :/
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-07-12 23:02 UTC)