[HN Gopher] ISO name change for Turkiye
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       ISO name change for Turkiye
        
       Author : Koffiepoeder
       Score  : 221 points
       Date   : 2022-07-12 06:47 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.iso.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.iso.org)
        
       | perryizgr8 wrote:
       | What has it changed to?
        
         | tomerv wrote:
         | Turkey -> Turkiye
        
           | perryizgr8 wrote:
           | In that case they should fix the title. It should be: ISO
           | name change for Turkey
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | As someone with a special character in my name - would not
       | recommend. Way too many legacy IT systems and poorly configured
       | ones
        
         | juanci_to wrote:
         | I was disappointed last year when filling an official COVID-19
         | form made by the Spanish Government that didn't support the
         | acute accent in my very common (Spanish) last name.
        
       | tpoacher wrote:
       | I wonder how Turkiyish people feel about this change
        
         | m3rcury wrote:
         | As a Turkish citizen, I found this change as stupid as hell
        
         | ismaildonmez wrote:
         | Unnecessary stunt from the government.
        
       | Abimelex wrote:
       | when the standard doesn't respect itself:
       | 
       | > List source: Turk Standardlari Enstitusu (TSE), 1995-08-01;
       | Administrative Map of __Turkey__ 2000;
        
       | mort96 wrote:
       | How does ISO country names actually work? It's clearly using the
       | English name for countries; Norway is listed as Norway, not as
       | Norge. Does that mean Turkiye is now the English name for the
       | country? Or is it now the only country with its own language's
       | name rather than the English name in the registry?
       | 
       | Basically, what's going on here?
        
         | em500 wrote:
         | This is part of the ISO-3166 standard (free draft here[1],
         | official pdf is payware[2]). AFAIK the ISO standards are only
         | available in English and French, so you'll only get the English
         | and French names.
         | 
         | The United Nations has a list of official country names in six
         | languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish)
         | [3]. Beyond that, if you want official country names in their
         | native languages or X country in Y language, you'll have to
         | compile them yourself.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/72482/cbb6318e772a4f22...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html (links to
         | the pdf near the bottom)
         | 
         | [3] https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-
         | uncsgn-... and https://unterm.un.org/
        
         | olalonde wrote:
         | They probably defer to the UNGEGN[0] which allows countries to
         | submit the official name of their country in various languages.
         | Turkey recently requested to change their official English
         | name[1].
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ungegn/working_groups/wg1.cshtml
         | 
         | [1] https://turkiye.un.org/en/184798-turkeys-name-changed-
         | turkiy...
        
         | guipsp wrote:
         | Turkiye is the new official English-language name for the
         | country
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jillesvangurp wrote:
           | ISO is not in charge of the English language. I don't expect
           | dictionaries to change any time soon just because ISO says
           | so. Turkey has been the proper English translation for their
           | country name since a very long time and it will be correct
           | English for a long time. Of course, with English it is a bit
           | unclear in any case who decides what is and isn't correct.
           | Certainly not the Turkish government or ISO.
           | 
           | What's next? The Germans insisting on Deutschland as the
           | official ISO name (it's still Germany)? The Chinese insisting
           | on using chines characters? I'm not sure why ISO did this. It
           | sounds political to me.
           | 
           | If you need place name translations, geonames is a decent
           | data set: https://www.geonames.org/export/
           | 
           | You can look up the correct translations and transliterations
           | by iso country and language code. It still calls Turkey by
           | its English name, as it should.
        
             | anamexis wrote:
             | In 2016, the country formerly known as The Czech Republic
             | declared that its English name was now Czechia.
             | 
             | This is now its official ISO name, how it shows up in the
             | Geonames database, and how it is commonly referred to in
             | places like news media.
        
               | remedan wrote:
               | A small nitpick, the country isn't "formerly known as the
               | Czech Republic".
               | 
               | "Czechia" was adopted as the new official short name. The
               | long name is still also correct.
        
               | smcl wrote:
               | So this is why it's good to pay attention to deeply
               | nested HN threads. Because I didn't realise this was the
               | case - media covered the "Czech Republic is now
               | 'Czechia'" thing and my friend group are split about
               | 80/20 (majority using "Czech Republic", inc. me). I'm
               | glad to hear both are technically correct!
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | To be completely fair, the context in which it's still
               | called "The Czech Republic" is the same context that you
               | would say "The Federal Republic of Germany"
        
             | kergonath wrote:
             | > If you need place name translations, geonames is a decent
             | data set: https://www.geonames.org/export/
             | 
             | That's a great resource to keep around, thanks! A
             | convenient source for the unfortunately common "but you
             | must not translate place names" argument.
        
           | collegeburner wrote:
           | No its not. This is not French, we don't have a governing
           | body. And they def can't expect us to use a name with
           | characters we can't even type. No way am I looking up to
           | copypasta the name every time I need to use it.
        
           | corrral wrote:
           | Official? Sure. Actual, in the English language name? No.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | I mean there's the official name, which has a canonical
             | standard value and we can answer with an easy "yes" or
             | "no."
             | 
             | And then there's this fuzzy "actual English language"
             | question about, which is pretty hard to answer, and verges
             | on philosophical "what even is a language/what is a name?"
             | wankery. I can't see how you give a simple yes/no answer to
             | that.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | > I can't see how you give a simple yes/no answer to
               | that.
               | 
               | I'm looking into my crystal ball and seeing the ~0 people
               | who will be able to remember the slightly different and
               | alien-looking-to-English spelling, and the even smaller
               | value of ~0 who will ever be bothered to use the umlaut.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | If language is just decided by popular vote, somebody
               | should tell the English that they are using English wrong
               | -- there are many more Americans after all.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | Well--that's exactly the case, and that's why you see
               | different usage guides and dictionaries for American
               | English and British English. "Correct" usage, for values
               | of correct that favor clarity for a given audience, does
               | indeed differ substantially between American and British
               | English, among many other variants and dialects.
               | 
               | What has minimal effect is some international standards
               | body trying to dictate usage. Today, and likely for a
               | long time to come, if not indefinitely, "Turkey" is less
               | distracting or confusing to practically any English-
               | speaking audience one might choose, than the new thing.
               | The new one's odd-enough looking (again, even just
               | considering the letter order) and the old one enough
               | entrenched that I expect the old form to be the better
               | choice for communication in English for a _long_ time.
        
           | unmole wrote:
           | The umlaut says it's not English.
        
             | vesinisa wrote:
             | Practically, yes, but Turkey is a sovereign country and it
             | can ask the UN to call it in English whatever it likes. And
             | indeed - they have requested that their official English-
             | language name be now Turkiye. One of the stated reasons is
             | that Turkey is homophonic with 'turkey' (the thanksgiving
             | meal), which further has a connotation of 'lousy'. This is
             | 100% real, their current leadership is a bit strange:
             | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-61671913
             | 
             | Of course in reality people will keep on calling them
             | Turkey in practical every day English. But the UN has a
             | policy of honoring such requests by the country itself -
             | probably to avoid meddling in politics.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | Wait, I thought Turkiye is homophone with Turkey? Did you
               | mean Turkey being homograph with turkey (same spelling
               | different meaning). Or is there a pronunciation change
               | I've missed?
        
               | ziml77 wrote:
               | Isn't the new name pronounced like turkey-ay? I'm fairly
               | sure I heard it said that way on some news segment about
               | it.
        
               | mynameisash wrote:
               | I work with a Turkish woman, and she gave us the rundown
               | of pronunciation. Bref, it's pronounced "turkey-ay."
        
               | zarzavat wrote:
               | That's in Turkish though. In English the 'e' at the end
               | of 'Turkiye' could either be silent, as in _code_ and
               | _eye_ , or it could be pronounced as in _Kanye_. It 's
               | likely that both pronunciations will be used, similarly
               | to _Porsche_ and _Nike_.
               | 
               | Considering that the pronunciation of 'Turkiye' with a
               | silent e is almost identical to the standard
               | pronunciation of 'Turkey', I suspect this will be the
               | primary pronunciation in English and will win out over
               | the "Kanye" pronunciation. This would make 'Turkiye' a
               | purely orthographic change and not a linguistic one.
        
               | mynameisash wrote:
               | Fair, so let me clarify: the pronunciation has always
               | been 'turkey-ay', and most other cultures/languages
               | pronounce it correctly (by which I mean in-line with how
               | native Turks pronounce it). English is an outlier.
        
               | zarzavat wrote:
               | On the whole, English tends to be far more accepting of
               | foreign spellings and pronunciations than any other
               | language.
               | 
               | The idea that the "correct" spelling and pronunciation
               | for a loanword is that of the source language is very
               | much a quirk of English.
               | 
               | Most languages try to either change the spelling of a new
               | loanword to match how it is pronounced, or vice versa.
               | English tries to keep _both_ and that 's why English
               | spelling is such a mess, because there is French
               | orthography, Germany orthography, Greek orthography, etc,
               | all mixed together and the only way to know how to spell
               | a word is to know its etymology.
               | 
               | Imagine telling the French that the Turkish government
               | gets how to decide how the word "Turquie" is spelled in
               | French, rather than the Academie Francaise. They would
               | die laughing.
        
               | vesinisa wrote:
               | I meant that Turkey and turkey are homophones. Apart from
               | the capitilization they are also homographs.
               | 
               | Turkey and Turkiye are not homophonic. The BBC article I
               | linked has a pronunication guide towards the end:
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61671913
        
               | Hamuko wrote:
               | > _Practically, yes, but Turkey is a sovereign country
               | and it can ask the UN to call it in English whatever it
               | likes._
               | 
               | Can China ask for it to be called Zhong Guo ?
        
               | vesinisa wrote:
               | I presume that might be rejected on the grounds that it
               | is a completely different writing system. But my point is
               | that even if it was accepted, the true common name of
               | China in practical English would still not change. Or did
               | you know there already officially exists countries such
               | as Czechia and The Holy See - much better known in
               | English as The Czech Republic and The Vatican
               | respectively?
        
               | jasomill wrote:
               | Pedantically, the Holy See[1] is the Pope's jurisdiction,
               | which includes his universal ecclesiastical jurisdiction
               | in addition to territorial control of a sovereign state.
               | This state[2], per the treaty establishing it[3], _is_
               | properly referred to as  "Vatican City State" (Stato
               | della Citta del Vaticano).
               | 
               | This is understandably confused by the fact that it is
               | the Holy See, not Vatican City State, that maintains
               | foreign relations and participates in international
               | organizations like the UN.
               | 
               | This, I assume, is why the official ISO name associated
               | with country code VA was at some point changed from
               | "Vatican City State (Holy See)" to "Holy See (the)"[4].
               | 
               | Interestingly, both entities issue passports[5].
               | 
               | [1] https://www.vatican.va/
               | 
               | [2] https://www.vaticanstate.va/
               | 
               | [3] https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/
               | archivi...
               | 
               | [4] https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:VA
               | 
               | [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_and_Holy_See_pa
               | ssports
        
               | spc476 wrote:
               | And a literal translation of that would be "Middle
               | Kingdom." So if the Middle Kingdom wants to call itself
               | "Middle Kingdom," why not?
        
               | em500 wrote:
               | The UN maintains a list of official country names in six
               | languages (English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese,
               | Arabic) [1], and UN representatives of the countries can
               | request how they want their country to be written in any
               | of those.
               | 
               | I guess China could request to be called Zhong Guo  in
               | English communication in the UN and/or ISO (if I
               | understand your question correctly). The main issue is
               | that if you put up to much friction for other language
               | speakers, they're just going to ignore you/the official
               | standards and do whatever they want, so it becomes a bit
               | self-defeating. I expect this to happen to Turkey as
               | well: English speakers will probably mostly keep using
               | "Turkey" rather than "Turkiye" indefinitely, except in
               | cases where ISO/UN standard are really required.
               | 
               | [1] https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-
               | uncsgn-...
        
               | wiredfool wrote:
               | Maybe they're trying to cut down the number of labels
               | that say:
               | 
               | "Fabrique en Dinde"
        
               | mynameisash wrote:
               | I'm assuming you're knowingly joking, so for others:
               | 'dinde' is the contraction of French _d 'Inde_, shortened
               | from _coq d 'Inde_ or _poule d 'Inde_. So you go to the
               | store and buy some dinde for your sandwich. _Fabrique en
               | dinde_ would mean something is made of turkey (the bird).
               | 
               | Turkiye was, and I presume still in, _Turquie_ in French.
               | So made in Turkiye is _Fabriqie en Turquie_.
        
               | lgeorget wrote:
               | Uh? No, I think the point is that labels "Made in Turkey"
               | ran the risk of being lazily translated to "Fabrique en
               | Dinde" in French by a misconfigured automatic translation
               | software and you no longer have this problem if you use
               | words spelt differently for the bird and the country.
               | Nothing to do with "d'Inde".
        
               | wiredfool wrote:
               | Yep. That comment came remembering the pointing and
               | laughing and explaining it to the kids.
               | 
               | I do tend to check the labels, sometimes there are jokes
               | hidden there.
               | 
               | For example, a computer bag I have from during the Bush
               | Administration has a label with the text:
               | 
               | Ne pas secher a la machiene Ne pas repasser Nous sommes
               | desoles que notre president soit un idiot. Nous n'avons
               | pa vote pour lui.
        
               | vesinisa wrote:
               | Most people will likely see this only on online forms
               | that lazily just populate their country dropdowns from
               | (pirated copies) of the official ISO database.
        
               | jonatron wrote:
               | https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html
               | 
               | "ISO allows free-of-charge use of its country, currency
               | and language codes from ISO 3166, ISO 4217 and ISO 639,
               | respectively."
               | 
               | Doesn't sound like piracy to me.
        
               | vesinisa wrote:
               | Yes, but if you actually try to download the collection
               | (link right above that text), you are presented with a
               | form to pay CHF 300 for this data.
               | 
               | Now I am not a copyright lawyer but this is how I
               | understand it: this entire database is a copyrighted work
               | owned by ISO. If you pay them CHF 300 you can download
               | the database and then use use it freely. But when you
               | gather that entire dataset (transformed or not) back to a
               | full database format, it is still a derived work - the
               | copyright of which is owned by ISO.
               | 
               | This is of course completely hair splitting as you will
               | not see ISO coming after anyone spreading the database in
               | any format (it would be a PR disaster). But if you asked
               | the opinion of a corporate lawyer, they might say you
               | technically need to pay ISO before you can use a copy of
               | the _entire_ database in your app. And I bet that 's why
               | they have the form to pay the CHF 300 if someone
               | somewhere has a compliance department telling them to be
               | 100% sure they are not breaching any copyrights..
               | 
               | Maybe someone who actually knows anything about copyright
               | law can comment..
               | 
               | EDIT: The situation is indeed unclear as I predicted,
               | probably on purpose. See here
               | https://datahub.io/core/country-list#license :
               | 
               | > It should be noted that this material is ultimately
               | sourced from ISO and their rights and licensing policy is
               | somewhat unclear. As this is a short, simple database of
               | facts there is a strong argument that no rights can
               | subsist in this collection. However, ISO state on their
               | site:
               | 
               | >> ISO makes the list of alpha-2 country codes available
               | for internal use and non-commercial purposes free of
               | charge.
               | 
               | > This carries the implication (though not spelled out)
               | that other uses are not permitted and that, therefore,
               | there may be rights preventing further general use and
               | reuse.
               | 
               | Likewise, if ISO says they allow "free-of-charge use" of
               | the database, it implies their permission and allowance
               | is required to use it in the first place. This implies
               | that if you embed the database to your app, it contains
               | proprietary material by ISO. This limits your rights for
               | example re-licensing it, as you can not re-license
               | without consent from ISO, the copyright holder.
               | 
               | Again - this is only a theoretical problem, yet the
               | ambiguity is rather annoying to a pedant.
        
               | xxpor wrote:
               | The specific rules around copyright of facts is probably
               | extremely country specific. The US tends to be on the
               | more liberal/not copyrightable side here than Europe.
        
               | dolmen wrote:
               | Use Unicode CLDR data.
               | 
               | https://cldr.unicode.org/
        
               | jonatron wrote:
               | Although I'm not a copyright laywer, I did previously
               | work for an intellectual property services company. The
               | country codes collection is a service they provide
               | designed to make it easy to keep country codes up to
               | date. This doesn't negate the "free-of-charge use" of the
               | database. ISO appear to have clarified this almost 20
               | years ago: http://xml.coverpages.org/ISOReaffirms.html ,
               | and it looks like the situation hasn't changed.
               | 
               | I don't see how your rights would be limited by including
               | it in your app. You can just say the copyright to the ISO
               | database belongs to ISO, but is free-of-charge, and the
               | copyright to the code written by you belongs to you,
               | which is not free of charge, or any license you wish.
               | 
               | Edit: Because I can't reply - CC0, a public domain - like
               | license was released in 2009, well after the
               | clarification of their "free-of-charge use" license.
        
               | vesinisa wrote:
               | It would be _much_ better if they simply dedicated this
               | database to the public domain.
               | 
               | In the "clarification" they indeed seem to consider that
               | the database is covered by their copyright, and any free
               | use is subject to their continued benevolence:
               | 
               | > However, ISO and its members do not charge for the use
               | made of the codes contained in these standards, subject
               | to this being consistent with ISO's copyright.
        
               | dolmen wrote:
               | Use Unicode CLDR data.
               | 
               | License: https://unicode.org/copyright.html
        
               | xxpor wrote:
               | We're way off in speculation land here, but if CH law is
               | like DE law, IIRC it's one of the countries that
               | releasing to the public domain isn't really possible
               | (which is why CC0 exists)
        
               | unmole wrote:
               | The UN can pretend that it's English. Just like how it
               | pretends Taiwan isn't a country. There's no reason why we
               | should go along with it.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > Just like how it pretends Taiwan isn't a country
               | 
               | That's because it really isn't. It really should be, but
               | a) they don't really claim to be one (until recently they
               | officially claimed they're the "one and only" China, same
               | as the PRC) and according to polls most people there
               | support that status quo; b) nobody of note recognises
               | them to be.. anything really. As far as most of the
               | world, including the UN, are concerned, Taiwan is the
               | losers of the Chinese Civil war that have some limited
               | exceptions (like performing at Olympics). Contrast this
               | with Kosovo who claim to be an independent country and
               | are somewhat recognised.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | vesinisa wrote:
               | Exactly. It's politics, which can take a completely new
               | direction on a whim of a dictator or a regime change. But
               | language, as used in practice, changes much less rapidly.
        
               | stereolambda wrote:
               | Yeah, it's strange and short-sighted (to me) that this
               | kind of reasoning drives language changes. You really
               | should want and treasure having an ages-weathered or
               | weird exonym in the target language, preferably going
               | back to Middle Ages or something. This suggests (on the
               | perception level, that's what we're talking about) that
               | you are a serious and established entity and your
               | relations with the world go way, way back.
               | 
               | Look up England, Germany (and maybe Holy See) here https:
               | //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_names_in_vario...
               | At least Slavic names for Germany even have negative
               | undertones (something like 'mute people'). With changing
               | the name you are trashing all that, and it's doubtful
               | that it really changes much in the perception by itself.
        
               | kgeist wrote:
               | >One of the stated reasons is that Turkey is homophonic
               | with 'turkey' (the thanksgiving meal), which further has
               | a connotation of 'lousy'. This is 100% real, their
               | current leadership is a bit strange
               | 
               | It's not just a coincidence, the bird was named after
               | Turkey because apparently they were first imported to
               | England via the Middle East and so they were called
               | "Turkey cocks". Other European languages call them
               | literally "India cocks", due to a different import route.
               | So it's a bit silly to change the official name of your
               | country because a bird is named after it.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | > Other European languages call them literally "India
               | cocks", due to a different import route.
               | 
               | Hence "dinde" in French.
        
               | vesinisa wrote:
               | Oh, that's new information to me. Now I can not wait for
               | Japan to finally change its name (perhaps to Nippon?) to
               | avoid the terrible and vulgar connotation with the
               | Japanese tit..
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | Tits are gorgeous, though; turkeys are not.
        
               | IlliOnato wrote:
               | Wild turkeys are. At least in the eye of this beholder
               | :-)
        
               | ozgung wrote:
               | > Other European languages call them literally "India
               | cocks"
               | 
               | Haha in Turkey (Turkiye) turkey is hindi and India is
               | Hindistan, which can be translated as Turkeyland.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | > One of the stated reasons is that Turkey is homophonic
               | with 'turkey'
               | 
               | I would not even know how to pronounce "Turkiye", even if
               | I were willing to.
        
             | johnday wrote:
             | This is a naive take which I find uber annoying. Maybe I'll
             | tell my local cafe owner, Emily Bronte, about it.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | the_biot wrote:
               | I get your point, but the fact is these (except maybe for
               | Bronte) commonly get spelled without the diacritics.
        
               | pie_flavor wrote:
               | That doesn't mean spelling them _with_ the diacritics
               | makes them not English.
        
               | zarzavat wrote:
               | French was the official language of England for quite
               | some time so English and French have a special
               | relationship, and any of the French diacritics are
               | acceptable in English. English also has native use of the
               | umlaut mark for as diaeresis e.g. coordinate.
               | 
               | For non-French diacritics, it is on a case-by-case basis.
               | Most English speakers would accept n and even write it
               | e.g "El Nino event". Nordic o is questionable but would
               | be accepted in place names. Pho is right out.
        
               | johnday wrote:
               | > Most English speakers would accept n and even write it
               | e.g "El Nino event"
               | 
               | FWIW this may be true in the USA but in the UK and other
               | non-NA English-speaking countries I don't think this
               | holds.
        
               | zarzavat wrote:
               | You will definitely see jalapenos and such on UK food
               | packaging. I just searched the bbc website for "jalapeno"
               | and found this page [0] which uses both spellings (!). It
               | also links to a page on "habanero" (sic) so yeah you can
               | say that British familiarity with N is somewhat of a
               | mixed bag.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/jalapeno_chilli
        
             | bowsamic wrote:
             | It's a name, how can you tell if a name is "in English"?
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | It has a umlaut _and_ a dotted i in the uppercase version.
             | Totally metal.
        
             | zeckalpha wrote:
             | I encourage you to not read much from the New Yorker then!
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | It's the name that the country uses in its official
             | communications in English, and expresses the desire to see
             | the same name in English communications addressed to it.
        
               | MonkeyClub wrote:
               | They're essentially throwing an identity tantrum on a
               | global scale, while tip-toeing towards nationalism
               | internally.
               | 
               | This would be a laughable matter, were it not a sign of
               | what's coming.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | In a world where we are asked to refer to people by their
               | chosen names and pronouns rather than what they were
               | asigned in the past, why should we not refer to a country
               | by its chosen name? Especially if it's going through the
               | proper channels to promulgate its name change?
        
               | xxpor wrote:
               | Ignoring the political implications of the question for a
               | second, if nothing else when people ask to be referred to
               | by a different name, their chosen name is usually at
               | least reproducible on the keyboards in common use. Most
               | people in the US would have absolutely no idea how to
               | type U, let alone I. In addition, English speakers don't
               | have [y], [c], or word-final [e] in their phoneme
               | inventory.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Yeah, I fully expect people without easy access to u with
               | umlaut to just write u (regardless of case), and those
               | without easy access to capital dotted i, to just write a
               | dotless capital I. And the pronunciation will be brutal,
               | at least for the first few decades, but change is a
               | process.
        
         | tomerv wrote:
         | Follow-up question: what if other countries follow suit,
         | especially ones that don't use a Latin-based alphabet? Egypt is
         | formally called "jmhwry@ mSr l`rby@" in its native language -
         | should that be recorded as the ISO Full name for EG?
        
           | Gibbon1 wrote:
           | I think Egypt should be forced to revert to hieroglyphs.
        
             | elashri wrote:
             | Actually the name "Egypt" comes from the Greek
             | pronunciation of the ancient Egyptian capital Memphis ( at
             | least for most of the time it was).
             | 
             | The current official name is "Junhuriyah Misr al-Arabiyah"
             | which is Arab Republic of Egypt in English. This is not
             | something special. a lot of countries have something like
             | "republic of" in their names.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > a lot of countries have something like "republic of" in
               | their names.
               | 
               | Well, that depends. The name for China the administrative
               | region is Zhong Hua Ren Min Gong He Guo , but I wouldn't
               | really want to call that the name of the country. That's
               | Zhong Guo , and if a regime change occurred, the name of
               | the country would still be Zhong Guo , even if the name
               | of the government were no longer Zhong Hua Ren Min Gong
               | He Guo .
        
               | jhbadger wrote:
               | Yeah, numerous Communist regimes have/had either
               | "People's" or "Democratic" (or in the case of North
               | Korea, both) in their names. Normally when the Communist
               | regime fell, this was removed,but the main part of the
               | name preserved.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | It's not strictly a Soviet thing. When Ukraine declared
               | its independence from Russia back in 1917, it was as
               | "Ukrainian People's Republic", but it was definitely not
               | communist or even particularly socialist. Ditto
               | "Belarusian People's Republic". As I understand, in both
               | cases the intent was to convey that it is a nation-state
               | of the people that inhabit it, and not a part of a large
               | empire anymore.
        
             | zen_1 wrote:
             | We'd need to touch up our school curriculum (well, even
             | more than we already do).
        
         | unmole wrote:
         | > Basically, what's going on here?
         | 
         | Inflation is ~75%. The Sultan wants distractions.
        
           | usr1106 wrote:
           | Right. Still much better than another one of the autocrats
           | starting a war to distract from losing support amongst the
           | "voters".
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | Well he didn't start a war but certainly didn't stay far
             | from it in Syria.
        
           | leavemealone2 wrote:
        
             | collegeburner wrote:
        
           | leavemealone2 wrote:
        
             | rcoveson wrote:
             | This how HN talks about basically every administration of
             | every country. No bigotry here (in GP's comment), just
             | skepticism, cynicism, and distrust for authority.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | tradertef wrote:
           | Yep.
           | 
           | Official value is 78.62% [1]
           | 
           | Unofficial rate is 175.55% [2]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+M
           | enu...
           | 
           | [2] https://enagrup.org/
        
           | calylex wrote:
        
       | Aissen wrote:
       | Nice, another marker to know the date when software libraries
       | were last updated (a recent one is the Swaziland -> Eswatini name
       | change in 2018).
       | 
       | It can also be used as marker of the health of your opensource
       | locale library.
        
         | Asraelite wrote:
         | The name change was to eSwatini, with a small e, but you wrote
         | Eswatini. This is a trend I noticed in the months after the
         | change - people started out using a small e but then gradually
         | transitioned to a more normalized spelling. Now almost everyone
         | writes Eswatini.
         | 
         | I suspect the same will happen with Turkiye. For a while people
         | will write it with u but then eventually it will become
         | Turkiye, without the diaeresis.
        
           | Aissen wrote:
           | Very interesting, thanks.
        
         | Fnoord wrote:
         | Perhaps someone's finalyly going to figure out Huawei products
         | are EOL on release date?
        
       | throwaway2a02 wrote:
       | Is there any other country that has a non-English ISO name?
       | 
       | LE. There are a few, such as Cote d'Ivoire, Curacao etc. But
       | those names have been used in practice much more frequently than
       | their English names.
        
         | dmurray wrote:
         | Isn't Curacao the English name? English doesn't usually have
         | the c character, but this is a loanword.
         | 
         | I'd say if Curacao is a non-English name, then so is Botswana
         | or Luxembourg and more than "a few" others.
        
         | invalidusernam3 wrote:
         | Aland Islands is the only other one I could see
        
           | savolai wrote:
           | Also: It's an autonomous region, doesn't quite count as
           | country afaik.
        
             | usr1106 wrote:
             | Correct, it's not a country but an autonomous region
             | belonging to Finland.
             | 
             | To make things not any easier, the only official language
             | for Aland Islands is Swedish. The Swedish name is just
             | Aland, nothing else. Nobody would call it Alands oar, well
             | a tourist brochure might call it Alands orike (empire of
             | islands) but that would sound ridiculous as an official
             | name.
             | 
             | So basically Aland Islands can't be anything but an English
             | name. Maybe not a very clean one because it contains a non-
             | English letter. So Turkiye is not without precedence.
        
             | invalidusernam3 wrote:
             | It does appear on the ISO list though: https://en.wikipedia
             | .org/wiki/List_of_ISO_3166_country_codes
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | If your place doesn't have a toponym in other languages it
         | usually means that it hasn't been very important in history.
         | The people who pushed for this change certainly feel quite the
         | opposite about it, but to me it almost seems self-diminishing.
         | "Our country is so insignificant it doesn't even have a name in
         | languages that don't share our codepage"
        
         | Parae wrote:
         | Same goes with Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Les Seychelles
        
           | donatj wrote:
           | I think what is meant is of letters of the English alphabet.
           | English does not contain diacritics.
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | > English does not contain diacritics.
             | 
             | Tell it to the New Yorker, where orthography like cooperate
             | is required by official policy.
             | 
             | As they would no doubt also be happy to explain, the
             | diacritic there is not correctly referred to as an umlaut,
             | as "umlaut" refers to the difference in pronunciation
             | between e.g. German "u" and German "u", while the diacritic
             | in cooperate doesn't change the pronunciation of any letter
             | but instead exists to indicate to the reader that the two
             | letter Os are to be pronounced separately rather than
             | interpreted as a digraph (as in "troop").
             | 
             | It is somewhat interesting to note that modern English
             | speakers often feel that a mark for this purpose is needed,
             | even though formally the orthography doesn't call for it -
             | but they are much more likely to write "re-emerge" than to
             | write "reemerge".
        
               | donatj wrote:
               | One publications strange style guide does not a language
               | make.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | It's not difficult to find diacritics in use outside the
               | New Yorker, though generally not in that use. One
               | exception would be the common spelling "naive".
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | You would be naive to think that, especially were you to
             | write that on your resume. That English has no diacritics
             | is a facade built up to escape the fact that our keyboards
             | make no provision for them.
             | 
             | (A little bit forced, but those are all English words I
             | learned as properly having those appropriate diacritics,
             | when I first learned those words back in grade school.)
        
               | donatj wrote:
               | Look those words up in the dictionary and they won't have
               | the diacritics, except as an alternative spelling.
               | They're loan words, and it's a stylistic choice.
               | 
               | Ask 95% of laymen to write those words and there will be
               | no diacritics, and the language is defined by its users.
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | Sure, let's look them up in a dictionary:
               | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resume
               | 
               | resume (noun) variants: or resume
               | 
               | Huh.
        
               | count wrote:
               | Nice of you to skip over the first, primary entry and
               | select the secondary entry. The primary entry has no
               | accent characters.
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | The first entry is for "resume", the verb, which is a
               | different word than "resume", the noun. Note that none of
               | the definitions provided for the verb "resume" would come
               | close to working where someone intends to use "resume",
               | the noun.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | In my experience "Cape Verde" and "The Seyschelles" are more
           | common in English. Martinique, like Costa Rica, is a loan
           | word.
           | 
           | The only recent ISO change I noticed was "the Ukraine" ->
           | "Ukraine" (still heard the old form until a few months ago)
           | and "Belarussia" -> "Belarus", both 30 years ago.
        
       | em500 wrote:
       | Fortunately the 2 and 3 letter abbreviations (Alpha-2 and
       | Alpha-3) didn't change. Typically we'd use the abbreviations for
       | analysis, feature encoding, etc. and the full name only for
       | display and human interface use (like for autocompletion), where
       | most people will probably be more comfortable with and continue
       | to use the old names for a while.
        
         | Gare wrote:
         | In EU communications (including statistics), Greece is referred
         | to by the "EL" abbreviation, instead of ISO Alpha-2 code "GR"
         | (as all other countries are). It confused me a few days ago.
        
           | zerocrates wrote:
           | I wonder if the oddity here is really the ISO alpha-2: Spain
           | and Germany get abbreviations based on their native-language
           | names, but not Greece.
           | 
           | But the standard 2-letter code for the Greek _language_ is
           | "el."
           | 
           | Obviously there are many other countries with abbreviations
           | based on English and there's some decision-making related to
           | avoiding conflicts, but it is a little odd. My first guess
           | would be that the ISO country code logic went something like:
           | prefer native names, _if_ they use the Latin alphabet.
        
           | kijeda wrote:
           | Are you sure its not in reference to "Greek" the language,
           | rather than "Greece" the country? "el" is coding for Greek in
           | ISO 639, IANA language subtags, etc.
        
             | bloak wrote:
             | It does seem to be EL for the country. See, for example:
             | https://publications.europa.eu/code/pdf/370000en.htm
             | 
             | EDIT: Perhaps it would have been nice if ISO 639 and ISO
             | 3166 had been better coordinated so we didn't have cs_CZ,
             | da_DK, sv_SE, ...
        
           | akaij wrote:
           | Similar to Switzerland (CH).
        
             | usr1106 wrote:
             | I don't see any similarity. CH/ch is the one and only
             | abbreviation used about everywhere. Which other one would
             | be used by whom? The letters might not be obvious to any
             | speaker of a living language. But that's intentionally I
             | understood. They have several national and egen more local
             | languages, so they chose an abbreviation from Latin.
             | 
             | GR/gr is ISO for Greece, but EU uses EL/el the previous
             | commenter wrote. The latter seems to come from Greek
             | language, although then spelled using the Latin alphabet
             | 
             | How are those cases similar, except for it's not obvious to
             | the average English speaker where some letters came from?
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | I don't understand: "CH" _is_ the ISO Alpha-2 code for
             | Switzerland. What would be confusing to commenter Gare?
        
           | dolmen wrote:
           | "GB" vs "uk"
        
             | ajmurmann wrote:
             | Isn't the difference that UK includes Northern Ireland? So
             | it's more of a difference than just using a different word
             | for the same thing.
        
       | manholio wrote:
       | It seems absurd to try to find a "standardized" ISO country name,
       | especially to enforce local names in English. Country names are
       | both endonyms (for the inhabitants) and exonyms, the way certain
       | cultures / linguistic areas refer to another country. How exactly
       | do you transliterate Turkiye in Cyrillic or Mongolian script,
       | where does the umlaut go? Why would you want that, instead of
       | leaving Mongolians to use whatever traditional name they use for
       | Turkey?
       | 
       | And if Turkey can demand it, why not Ri Ben , Deutschland or lmrt
       | l`rby@ lmtHd@ ?
        
         | Cyberdog wrote:
         | Japan seems content with "Japan" for now but they have been
         | trying to get English speakers to say Japanese names with the
         | family name first recently, but it hasn't really caught on
         | outside of state organs. Note this NHK article about the
         | funeral of "Abe Shinzo" attended by current PM "Kishida Fumio."
         | https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220712_31/ (NHK is a
         | state-run public broadcaster.)
         | 
         | I do wonder why we say Chinese and Korean names in the proper
         | "backwards" order but have historically flipped Japanese names.
        
       | quickthrower2 wrote:
       | They missed the oldest trick in the book. Rename it to "AAA
       | Turkiye" and make it easier for their citizens to sign up for
       | things / get things delivered internationally.
        
         | orlp wrote:
         | Fun anecdote: in World of Warcraft (at least used to when I
         | played/programmed them) addons load in alphabetical order and
         | all operate and communicate in a single global Lua scope. The
         | result is that library addon names start with an exclamation
         | mark to be loaded first, and if a library is particularly
         | fundamental, multiple exclamation marks so other libraries can
         | depend on it.
        
           | quickthrower2 wrote:
           | One of the internal test systems tennant names where I work
           | is like this (as there is a handy screen that lists them in
           | alpha order)
        
       | tkgally wrote:
       | I was curious how "Turkiye" is supposed to be pronounced in
       | English. The following video offers one recommendation:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPPXvZQDlps
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | It sounds like the actors are having hard time pronouncing it,
         | would you agree that it's hard for non-Turkish?
        
           | tkgally wrote:
           | Good point. Some of the actors seem to be native speakers of
           | North American English and are trying to pronounce the last
           | vowel of "Turkiye" with the vowel of "bed" or "sell." That
           | vowel doesn't normally appear in word-final position in that
           | dialect of English, so the actors have to make some effort to
           | say it.
           | 
           | Most English speakers trying to say "Turkiye" will, I
           | suspect, use instead the vowel of "say" or "day."
        
       | xvedejas wrote:
       | I have wondered for a while how long until the English world
       | starts calling Georgia "Sakartvelo", considering that some other
       | languages have already made the change:
       | 
       | https://www.rferl.org/a/lithuania-moves-change-official-name...
        
       | mavhc wrote:
       | Is the "the" really lower case?
        
         | waqf wrote:
         | It would be odd if it were not.
         | 
         | Just as you would write "I went to the United States" not "I
         | went to The United States".
         | 
         | (Of course, lower case here means that you should use lower or
         | upper case according to its position in the sentence; it
         | doesn't mean forcibly overridden to lower case like
         | e.e.cummings.)
        
           | tomschwiha wrote:
           | I visit The Queen.
        
           | mkl wrote:
           | From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._E._Cummings#Name_and_ca
           | pita...:
           | 
           | > The Chicago Manual of Style, which prescribes favoring non-
           | standard capitalization of names in accordance with the
           | bearer's strongly stated preference, notes "E. E. Cummings
           | can be safely capitalized; it was one of his publishers, not
           | he himself, who lowercased his name."
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | Yeah, the same clowns who decided that the proper noun the
             | Internet should be capitalized the the same way as the
             | adjective internet (as in internet protocols). I'm not sure
             | I would consider their reasoning, well, reasonable.
        
               | mkl wrote:
               | Well there's other evidence in that section. I just
               | picked something that was nicely quotable. The reasoning
               | that the man himself usually capitalised his own name in
               | the standard way so we should too is pretty hard to argue
               | with.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | You didn't need to justify your perfectly reasonable
               | comment. I just hijacked your comment because I have an
               | axe to grind.
        
       | causi wrote:
       | It's interesting to me what we do and don't decide to translate.
       | Like if a name is too far away from English we'll just turn it
       | into English but if it's close enough to English an English-
       | speaker could basically figure out what it sounds like we don't
       | translate it.
        
       | jiggawatts wrote:
       | Even more awesome is that the capitalised version is TURKIYE, not
       | TURKIYE, which is what you get if you call something like
       | "Turkiye".ToUpper();
       | 
       | It's going to be fun to watch developers wrap their heads around
       | that one...
        
         | Asooka wrote:
         | That's horrible. The Turkish "i" is a never ending source of
         | locale nightmares. I really wish they would pick a new letter
         | for one of the sounds and use the standard "i" for the other.
         | Like maybe use a diaresis.
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | IPA uses i for the central sound.
        
           | diegoperini wrote:
           | I wish the word "read" is read as read instead of read in
           | past tense form.
        
             | IlliOnato wrote:
             | Funny, there was a time when I was still learning English
             | (well, it's a never-ending process, but still), and for
             | quite some time I was using "red" as a past tense of
             | "read"! No spell-checker ever corrected me :-) In fact no
             | one did, I just noticed one day that it's not how it's
             | spelled in books...
        
         | korlja wrote:
         | .ToUpper() is locale-dependent, so can only be used if the
         | locale of the text in question is known. E.g. German ss
         | capitalizes to SS, and .ToUpper().ToLower() should give you
         | either 'ss' or 'ss' depending on what it was before. Always
         | outputting 'ss' is okish and readable, but actually wrong.
         | 
         | Blindly calling .ToUpper() on anything is a typical anglo-
         | centric mistake. Just don't use .ToUpper(), shoutcase is ugly
         | anyways ;)
         | 
         | See also: one of the many "100 fallacies programmers assume
         | about natural written language" documents or such.
        
           | egeozcan wrote:
           | > German ss capitalizes to SS, and .ToUpper().ToLower()
           | should give you either 'ss' or 'ss' depending on what it was
           | before
           | 
           | As long as there is no unicode SS character, we are into the
           | "what color are your bits" problem or tolower needs to be
           | language _and_ word aware.
           | 
           | In .NET the uppercase and lowercase functions are culture
           | aware (with defaults to system settings, which breaks more
           | software than you might think) but not word aware AFAIK.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | > As long as there is no unicode SS character, we are into
             | the "what color are your bits" problem or tolower needs to
             | be language and word aware.
             | 
             | It turns out there is such a unicode character -- Ss/ss --
             | although based on other comments here it looks like it was
             | added fairly recently.
             | 
             | Upper/Lower case stuff just seems to be at an annoying
             | intersection where it has cultural and also programming
             | significance. Or at least, people will use toUpper when
             | they really want some case-insensitive sortable version of
             | the string.
             | 
             | (based on some googling, probably localeCompare is the way
             | to go in javascript at least).
        
           | d1sxeyes wrote:
           | .toUpper() is a quick and mostly effective way to normalise
           | strings for comparison if you're not sure what case the two
           | strings to compare are in (eg: one has been input by a user).
           | Yes, it's a shortcut, and occasionally you'll end up with a
           | miss, but it's good enough to work 99% of the time, and the
           | alternative is a LOT of code and data changes to handle a
           | very small proportion of cases.
        
             | vesinisa wrote:
             | Hmm I think you miss the point. In some programming
             | environments (like C# and Java) .toUpper() is _always_
             | incorrect in code unless you are displaying the resulting
             | string in a UI, as it uses the  "current locale", which is
             | whatever the user has selected for the machine. When e.g.
             | comparing strings case-insensitively, you should _always_
             | explicitly specify the locale where the conversion should
             | happen instead of relying on an external configuration
             | variable.
             | 
             | JavaScript actually seems to be the smart one here - its
             | default .toUpperCase() uses the "locale-insensitive case
             | mappings in the Unicode Character Database".
        
               | greenshackle2 wrote:
               | > the user has selected for the machine
               | 
               | I don't think most Java and C# software is desktop apps?
               | Surely in most cases it's the locale selected for the
               | server or VM, which should be consistent?
               | 
               | (I'm not saying it's good coding practice, mind you, but
               | it probably ends up accidentally working in a lot of
               | cases.)
        
               | vesinisa wrote:
               | You write like you can know how and where the code will
               | get executed _in the future_. :) Do you think that the
               | authors of Windows 95 ever imagined the system would one
               | day get ported to an obscure subset of a functional
               | scripting language (Asm.js variety of JavaScript), and
               | get booted in a hyper-text browser running on a PDA
               | device with internet connection (web browser on a
               | smartphone)? Yet - here we are: https://win95.ajf.me/
               | 
               | > I'm not saying it's good coding practice, mind you, but
               | it probably ends up accidentally working in most cases
               | 
               | Fully agree. It's still bad practice and I high-five
               | every linter that automatically flags it.
        
               | d1sxeyes wrote:
               | I did indeed. Thanks - yes, I was referring to
               | JavaScript's .toUpperCase(), silly oversight and
               | assumption on my side.
               | 
               | Thanks for the correction!
        
           | bbu wrote:
           | Only sz should use ss. Ss stays ss even in German-german.
           | Switzerland got rid of the sz/ss distinction a long time ago.
           | So you need to be culture and word aware to do it ,,right".
        
             | korlja wrote:
             | 'sz' for 'ss' is sometimes used to make things roundtrip-
             | proof in capslock, e.g. on military stencils. HTML calls it
             | 'szlig'. Also, some use "Esszet" as the name of the
             | character. But all are wrong in that ss isn't a ligature of
             | s and z, it is a ligature of s and s. The shape of the
             | character stems from the fact that in fractur writing and
             | even some grotesk fonts, 's' at the end of a word was
             | written 's', while 's' within a word was written 's'. Thus
             | the end of a word like Fuss was written Fuss, giving a
             | ligature of Fuss. No 'z' anywhere.
        
               | seszett wrote:
               | > _some use "Esszet" as the name of the character_
               | 
               | I believe the actual name is _Eszett_.
        
               | wanderingstan wrote:
               | Only "wrong" in light of current usage, but not
               | historically.
               | 
               | By this measure, the English name of "W" would be wrong
               | because it's not actually a "double-U" but a "double-V".
               | But at the time of the letter's formation, U and V were
               | not yet separate letters.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W
        
               | jfk13 wrote:
               | The Swedes get this "right", and call it ['dob:el,ve:].
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_alphabet
        
               | wanderingstan wrote:
               | Oh wow, didn't know that!
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | French as well, although the elegance gained is quickly
               | tarnished by calling y "Greek i".
        
               | mzs wrote:
               | I always thought that German z used to look something
               | between  & z. Z looks pretty close so sz became ss but
               | Latin transliteration rules were ss instead. At least
               | that's what I was taught in German class.
        
               | kmm wrote:
               | Originally ss arose as a ligature of s and z, or rather s
               | and Z. In many older texts, or even current fonts, the
               | second part of the ligature is indisputably a long-tailed
               | Z
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9F
        
           | underwater wrote:
           | You make a good case (ha!). What if toUpper() and toLower()
           | were omitted from standard libraries? Usually they are used,
           | incorrectly, to do something like string comparison, which
           | could be better served by a more specific method.
        
           | Hamuko wrote:
           | > _Blindly calling .ToUpper() on anything is a typical anglo-
           | centric mistake._
           | 
           | Yes, one that you might make if you were for example, trying
           | to make English text uppercase. Which is why it would be daft
           | for anyone to suggest that their country has two different
           | English spellings depending on the character case.
        
           | AdrianoKF wrote:
           | Small nitpick: uppercase Ss was added to Unicode 5.1 in 2007
           | (https://unicode-table.com/en/1E9E/) and is considered
           | correct German orthography since 2017 (see SS25 E3 in
           | https://grammis.ids-mannheim.de/rechtschreibung/6180#par25E3)
        
             | korlja wrote:
             | That is correct and solves the roundtrip-problem (in this
             | case and language). But uppercase 'Ss' is just an
             | additional option at the discretion of the writer, the
             | recommended variant continues to be 'SS'.
        
             | usr1106 wrote:
             | How often do you see the new letter in German everyday
             | life? Despite being German myself I don't visit Germany
             | that often these days, I still read a couple of German
             | publications regularly. I have never seen the new letter
             | outside of discussions by software people about character
             | handling.
        
               | ttepasse wrote:
               | I do sometimes, but I'm rather sensitive for the Ss
               | issue: My last name contains an ss and uppercasing would
               | either mean keeping the ss lowercase - the
               | Personalausweis does that (+) and it looks ugly -- or
               | doing the ss - SS transformation which is somewhat
               | forbidden in identity documents; a name must be exact.
               | Hence, someday in the future, hopefully, the Ss. While
               | personal names were a major motivation for the inclusion
               | of the Ss into Unicode, I'm always happy to see it in the
               | wild in press or book titles or such.
               | 
               | + Although it's Germany and of course there exists an
               | obscure Verwaltungsvorschrift according to which you can
               | write the non-machine readable field of the
               | Personalausweis/Pass in lowercase, exactly for this use
               | case. I didn't know that last time but I fully intend to
               | make some poor civil servants life a slight hell the next
               | time I have to renew.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | I assumed it was added for shop signs and product
               | packaging (I.e. as a gimmick).
               | 
               | Speaking of surviving Fraktur ligatures, I'm sorry that a
               | couple of others like tz didn't make it to Roman. It
               | makes poor ss appear lonely.
        
               | AdrianoKF wrote:
               | I was actually wondering if the driving factor is legal
               | documents. ID cards show names in all-caps letters, which
               | creates the dilemma that your ID might not show your
               | actual name (notwithstanding international standards for
               | travel documents that prescribe transliteration of non-
               | latin characters; see ICAO Doc 9303 Part 3, section 6 [0]
               | for examples)
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/9303_p3_
               | cons_en....
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | That's a good theory, especially as section 3.1 of that
               | ICAO document explicitly permits the use of ss.
               | 
               | Bringing the thread back to the topic of this comment
               | section: the ICAO document also calls the digits
               | 0123456789 "Arabic" even though their shapes are closer
               | to the original Hindi (Devanagari) forms than to actual
               | Arabic digits -- another "Hindi/Turkey" situation
        
         | egeozcan wrote:
         | Sometimes you see people write like this or THIS when they are
         | unused to the Turkish keyboard and it creates a lot of problems
         | for some software, even crashes (to upper and back to lower is
         | not the same word!).
        
         | dolmen wrote:
         | Developers should just use Unicode CLDR data.
         | 
         | https://cldr.unicode.org/
         | 
         | https://unicode-org.github.io/cldr-staging/charts/latest/sum...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | But `"turkiye".upper()` works correctly, at least in Python
         | 3.9.
         | 
         | Interestingly, `"turkiye".title()` does _not_ work correctly,
         | returning `"TurkiYe"`, presumably because the "title-case"
         | algorithm incorrectly detects \xcc\x87 as punctuation. Not sure
         | if this has been fixed in 3.10 or 3.11.
         | Python 3.9.13 (main, May 24 2022, 21:13:51)          [Clang
         | 13.1.6 (clang-1316.0.21.2)] on darwin         Type "help",
         | "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
         | >>> s = 'TURKIYE'         >>> s.lower()         'turkiye'
         | >>> s.lower().upper()         'TURKIYE'         >>>
         | s.lower().title()         'TurkiYe'         >>>
         | s.lower().encode()         b't\xc3\xbcrki\xcc\x87ye
         | 
         | Edit: It turns out that this behavior is documented [0], and
         | the more-correct routine is `string.capwords` [1]:
         | 
         | > The algorithm uses a simple language-independent definition
         | of a word as groups of consecutive letters. The definition
         | works in many contexts but it means that apostrophes in
         | contractions and possessives form word boundaries, which may
         | not be the desired result ... The string.capwords() function
         | does not have this problem, as it splits words on spaces only.
         | 
         | [0]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.title
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#string.capword...
        
           | Bedon292 wrote:
           | Compared this vs another comment and its interesting. Pulled
           | the strings directly from the ISO website. I wonder if the
           | 'i' in the lower case one is supposed to be special and not
           | ASCII?                 Python 3.8.10 (default, Mar 15 2022,
           | 12:22:08)        [GCC 9.4.0] on linux       Type "help",
           | "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
           | >>> short_name_lower = "Turkiye"       >>> short_name =
           | "TURKIYE"       >>> short_name.encode()  ## The U and I are
           | UTF-8 chars       b'T\xc3\x9cRK\xc4\xb0YE'       >>>
           | short_name_lower.encode()  ## Note only the u is special, i
           | is just ASCII       b'T\xc3\xbcrkiye'       >>>
           | short_name.lower()       'turkiye'       >>>
           | short_name_lower.lower()       'turkiye'       >>>
           | short_name.lower() == short_name_lower.lower() ## Looks the
           | same, but it isn't       False       >>>
           | short_name.lower().encode()  ## The i has extra \xcc\x87 here
           | b't\xc3\xbcrki\xcc\x87ye'       >>>
           | short_name_lower.lower().encode()  ## The i doesn't have the
           | extra here       b't\xc3\xbcrkiye'       >>>
           | short_name_lower.upper().encode()  ## So this is wrong too,
           | since its just an ASCII i to start       b'T\xc3\x9cRKIYE'
           | 
           | Edit: Formatting
        
             | neuronexmachina wrote:
             | It's apparently a locale-specific capitalization rule:
             | https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/problematic-case-
             | conv...
             | 
             | > In Turkish, the character "i" becomes "I" when
             | capitalized, while the "i" (a Turkish-specific character)
             | becomes "I" (which looks just like the Latin upper case
             | "I").
             | 
             | > The out-of-the-box capitalization method implemented by
             | developers or by localization tools by default is often the
             | standard 'toUpper()', which doesn't follow language-
             | specific rules and will convert the "i" into an "I". As for
             | the lower case "i", it will simply fail to capitalize it at
             | all. This will result in a very strange looking text in the
             | game with uncapitalized characters and wrongly capitalized
             | ones.
        
           | lmkg wrote:
           | On my browsers (both Vivaldi and Safari, on MacOS), your
           | string "turkiye" is rendered with two dots over the i
           | (stacked vertically). I don't know if this is what you
           | intended, but it doesn't seem to me as the correct lowercase
           | form. But I'll defer to someone more versed in the local
           | customs.
        
             | Bedon292 wrote:
             | Very interesting. On Windows in Chrome its just an i for
             | me, but in Firefox its showing an extra dot between iy. But
             | in my comment I can't get that to show up even in Firefox.
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | This might actually be a font thing, depending on whether
             | any given font provides a precomposed version of "i" +
             | "combining dot above" (and rendering it as just "i") or
             | not.
        
           | mzs wrote:
           | It's not _i_ , it's _i_. Also capwords only capitalizes the
           | first letter in each word. Here it 's a bandaid. For locale-
           | aware case conversions in python use ICU:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32076177
        
         | nemoniac wrote:
         | In Python:                   >>> "Turkiye".upper()
         | 'TURKIYE'                  >>> import locale
         | >>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "tr_TR.UTF-8")
         | 'tr_TR.UTF-8'                  >>> "Turkiye".upper()
         | 'TURKIYE' # Expect "TURKIYE"                  >>>
         | locale.resetlocale()
        
           | Bedon292 wrote:
           | Definitely odd, I did a bit more checking in another comment:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32070549
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Thank you for calling locale.resetlocale() before exiting.
        
             | wyldfire wrote:
             | Maybe there should be a context manager?
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | Absolutely. It's not that hard to write your own though:
               | import locale         from contextlib import
               | contextmanager              @contextmanager         def
               | use_locale(*args, **kwargs):
               | locale.setlocale(*args, **kwargs)             yield
               | locale.resetlocale()
               | 
               | Contextlib is one of the under-appreciated gems in
               | Python: https://docs.python.org/3/library/contextlib.html
               | #contextlib...
        
               | catskul2 wrote:
               | > Maybe there should be a context manager?
               | 
               | Even despite the:
               | 
               | > Absolutely.
               | 
               | My absolute least favorite response to this is:
               | 
               | > It's not that hard to write your own though:
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | The alternative is trying to get one merged into the
               | standard library. At least writing your own is better
               | than not having one!
        
               | kzrdude wrote:
               | Does not really help parallel code
        
               | dolmen wrote:
               | Use a global lock in the context manager.
               | 
               | Or use a programming language that doesn't rely on libc
               | for locales.
        
           | neuronexmachina wrote:
           | Well dang: https://docs.python.org/3.12/library/locale.html
           | 
           | > There is no way to perform case conversions and character
           | classifications according to the locale. For (Unicode) text
           | strings these are done according to the character value only,
           | while for byte strings, the conversions and classifications
           | are done according to the ASCII value of the byte, and bytes
           | whose high bit is set (i.e., non-ASCII bytes) are never
           | converted or considered part of a character class such as
           | letter or whitespace.
        
             | mzs wrote:
             | I actually like that python doesn't do locale aware case
             | conversions. You can use ICU* for that, though it shows
             | more warts (like the _i_ in _republic_ and that you have to
             | handle Chinese banknotes differently as well):
             | % env - LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 PATH="$PATH" python3
             | Python 3.8.12 (default, Nov 13 2021, 10:49:08)
             | [Clang 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.62)] on darwin       Type
             | "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more
             | information.       >>> from icu import UnicodeString,
             | Locale       >>> s = b'the Republic of T\xc3\xbcrkiye'
             | >>> s = s.decode()       >>> s       'the Republic of
             | Turkiye'       >>> lc = Locale("TR")       >>> s =
             | UnicodeString(s)       >>> s       <UnicodeString: 'the
             | Republic of Turkiye'>       >>> s = s.toUpper(lc)       >>>
             | s       <UnicodeString: 'THE REPUBLIC OF TURKIYE'>
             | >>> s = str(s)       >>> s       'THE REPUBLIC OF TURKIYE'
             | >>> s.encode()       b'THE REPUBL\xc4\xb0C OF
             | T\xc3\x9cRK\xc4\xb0YE'       >>> s = UnicodeString(s)
             | >>> lc = Locale("CN")       >>> s = s.toLower(lc)       >>>
             | s       <UnicodeString: 'the republic of turkiye'>
             | >>> s = 'Yi ,Er ,Can ,Si ,Wu ,Lu ,Qi ,Ba ,Jiu ,Shi ,Bai
             | ,Qian ,Wan '       >>> s.encode()       b'\xe5\xa3\xb9,\xe8
             | \xb2\xb3,\xe5\x8f\x83,\xe8\x82\x86,\xe4\xbc\x8d,\xe9\x99\xb
             | 8,\xe6\x9f\x92,\xe6\x8d\x8c,\xe7\x8e\x96,\xe6\x8b\xbe,\xe4\
             | xbd\xb0,\xe4\xbb\x9f,\xe8\x90\xac'       >>> s =
             | UnicodeString(s)       >>> s       <UnicodeString: 'Yi ,Er
             | ,Can ,Si ,Wu ,Lu ,Qi ,Ba ,Jiu ,Shi ,Bai ,Qian ,Wan '>
             | >>> s = s.toLower(lc)       >>> s       <UnicodeString: 'Yi
             | ,Er ,Can ,Si ,Wu ,Lu ,Qi ,Ba ,Jiu ,Shi ,Bai ,Qian ,Wan '>
             | 
             | * https://pypi.org/project/PyICU/
        
         | twawaaay wrote:
         | > It's going to be fun to watch developers wrap their heads
         | around that one...
         | 
         | No, it will not. Nobody gives a damn. Nobody will implement it.
         | 
         | I am still trying to get people to correctly denote beginning
         | and end of a day (much more useful, practical). Everybody I
         | work with seems to be bent on using 23:59:59 as the end of the
         | day rather than start of next day. Explaining that there is no
         | 1s delay between end of one day and start of the next isn't
         | helping either.
        
           | Pulcinella wrote:
           | Woah woah woah. Some of us don't implement things because
           | marketing/business/the client/management doesn't care, not
           | because we don't care.
           | 
           | Some of use have moved beyond "falsehoods programmers believe
           | about X" to "falsehoods the people in charge believe about
           | X."
        
           | mort96 wrote:
           | Huh, but there is no 1 second gap between 23:59:59 and
           | 00:00:00. The time is 23:59:59 for a whole second, and then
           | once that second is done, the time is 00:00:00 the next day.
        
             | tommit wrote:
             | That's how I would interpret it as well. It gets easier to
             | imagine when we put in milliseconds. Why would 23:59:59.456
             | already be the following day?
        
               | whoopdedo wrote:
               | And then there are leap seconds.
        
             | progval wrote:
             | It depends whether you interpret "23:59:59" as being an
             | instant (1 second before the end of most days) or a
             | duration (the last second of most days).
             | 
             | 23:59:59.500 is after 23:59:59 when interpreted as an
             | instant, but it is part of 23:59:59 as a duration.
        
               | throwaway294566 wrote:
               | Thats why the day doesn't end at the instant of 23:59:59,
               | nor does it end at 23:59:60 (if there is a leap second).
               | It actually ends at 24:00:00. Which is the same instant
               | in time as 00:00:00 of the following day. Every
               | conforming implementation of ISO 8601 should know about
               | that. And all software should conform to ISO 8601.
        
           | input_sh wrote:
           | People seriously overestimate how many websites support Latin
           | Extended-A to even be able to display u or I.
           | 
           | As someone whose last name contains a character from the same
           | Unicode subset (c), it's often a white square or just flat-
           | out removed from my last name completely.
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | Sit on my lap youngling, and I will tell you tales of i18n
           | horror... and I'm from an English-speaking country!
           | 
           | A _realistic_ scenario is an Australian writing French poetry
           | while on holidays in Turkey. Now you have an OS GUI with en-
           | GB as the language, licensing and date /number formatting as
           | per the AU region, French spelling dictionary, a US-101
           | keyboard layout, Turkey as the location, and GMT+3 as the
           | time zone.
           | 
           | It's a rare piece of software that can handle this. Few
           | vendors have staff that have even heard of such exotic
           | places.
           | 
           | There are still people... many people... that deny the
           | existence of places outside of the United States of America.
           | Such filthy, heathen locations are surely a thing of myth, or
           | legend!
           | 
           | Places where dates are formatted with the days before the
           | month, followed by the year in some sort of weird, unnatural
           | order.
           | 
           | Nations that have fallen into the trap of some sort of mass
           | hallucination, or shared dream of common measurement units.
           | Some sort of... _metric_ , for space, time, and matter. Maybe
           | they've been watching too much Star Trek!
           | 
           | Multicultural countries where strange unions of races are
           | commonplace, and couples may want to watch Netflix in one
           | language, but have subtitles in a different language. Neither
           | of which are English for the hearing-impaired! Surely, nobody
           | but the _deaf_ are unable to comprehend the universal English
           | language! Not to mention that such taboo couplings are,
           | thankfully, still banned on this stream of holy virtue and
           | shall not be permitted by the data scientists that have
           | declared: _" Your union is a statistically negligible!"_
        
             | rconti wrote:
             | Can't we use our USA-centrism (centricity?) to make the
             | behavior of the country drop-down just a little bit better?
             | Surely I'm not the only one burdened with having to scroll
             | past a hundred of these .. ahem.. OTHER... countries.. to
             | find "United States of America".
             | 
             | Yes, I could begin typing "Unite.." but we all know that
             | ends up on United Arab Emirates, and then when I continue
             | on to "...d Sta..." and it doesn't work, only to find out
             | _this_ country picker uses  "USA" or something similar so
             | it breaks the autocomplete muscle memory.
             | 
             | Clearly, if we're the center of the known universe, we
             | could use our power to make it a little easier to enter my
             | billing and shipping information.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | "Airstrip 1"?
        
               | Taniwha wrote:
               | That just pisses off everyone else on the planet - plus
               | the other countries in the Americas that consist of
               | united states, and who equally consider themselves
               | "American" much as French people are "European"
        
             | chrismorgan wrote:
             | > _There are still people... many people... that deny the
             | existence of places outside of the United States of
             | America._
             | 
             | Two fun anecdotes my mother has recounted when we were all
             | in Denver for ~5 months in Denver 1996:
             | 
             | 1. Asked where we were from on one occasion (after hearing
             | an Australian accent): "Australia." Response: "Oh, did you
             | come by bus?" Now it is possible that there was a
             | misunderstanding there, but mum doesn't think so.
             | 
             | 2. Of those that didn't already _know_ , only one person
             | successfully identified where we were from, _and that
             | person was deaf_. (It's fascinating to try something like
             | this on video without audio where there's nothing obvious
             | static to identify nationality: I find I can identify both
             | Australian and American correctly at a rate considerably
             | better than random, without ever having made a study of
             | it.)
        
           | rhn_mk1 wrote:
           | Huh? 23:59:59 is neither, it's one second early.
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | I think that's the point, people insist on using 23:59:59
             | as end of day instead of the correct 24:00:00 (which
             | happens to be the same instant as 00:00:00 of the next day,
             | since there's no gap between days)
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | twawaaay wrote:
               | My working theory on why this happens is that there are
               | two different models and people sometimes have problem
               | choosing the correct one.
               | 
               | When you say "Thursday" you mean entire 24h period. It is
               | not a point in time, it is a label for a span of time.
               | 
               | But when you say "1 pm" you don't mean an entire hour,
               | you mean a point in time that is more or less precisely
               | 1pm.
               | 
               | It seems people extend the first model to a lot of cases
               | where it is not correct. And so for many people their
               | mental model of 23:59:59 is a label for a span of time
               | that is one second in length.
               | 
               | If your model is that a day consists of 86400 "seconds",
               | each second being a span of time of length of one second
               | with a label like 12:37:28, then 23:59:59 is the last
               | second of the day and 00:00:00 is the first second of the
               | next day.
        
               | rhn_mk1 wrote:
               | Working with spans is fraught with peril, though. It
               | invites off-by-one errors.
               | 
               | If there's one person in the queue to the checkout, then
               | span-wise, that person is the start of the queue and the
               | end of the queue. But if the start and end are the same,
               | what is the length of the queue?
               | 
               | (If you still insist it's one, you'll not be able to
               | answer the question where the start and end of an empty
               | queue is. There is no first or last person!)
        
               | jl6 wrote:
               | Fun fact, ISO 8601 used to allow 24:00:00 notation (as a
               | synonym of 00:00:00), but in the latest version of the
               | standard it does not.
        
               | emsixteen wrote:
               | Honest question, what are you supposed to do instead?
        
               | twawaaay wrote:
               | You add 1 day (not 24 hours) to beginning of day. If you
               | have a good library it should handle it correctly.
        
               | greenshackle2 wrote:
               | > 1 day (not 24 hours)
               | 
               | Just to spell it out, some days have 25 hours or 23 hours
               | due to daylight savings, or 24 hours and 1 second because
               | of leap seconds, etc.
        
               | noSyncCloud wrote:
               | Not understanding this complaint.
               | 
               | ```TSQL select cast('2022-07-12 24:00:00' as datetime)
               | ``` >>> The conversion of a varchar data type to a
               | datetime data type resulted in an out-of-range value.
               | 
               | ```python from datetime import datetime d: datetime =
               | datetime(2022, 7, 12, 24, 0, 0) ``` >>> ValueError: hour
               | must be in 0..23
        
               | jhgb wrote:
               | Well you clearly can't use 24:00:00 _universally_ as the
               | end of your day because sometimes there 's a 24:00:01 on
               | some days?
        
               | throwaway294566 wrote:
               | You can. The leap second is always 23:59:60
        
               | jhgb wrote:
               | Yep, I may have forgotten about that. Shame on me.
        
           | inkeddeveloper wrote:
           | Same. Developers have far greater problems.
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | I still have to see any computer system that implements leap
           | seconds correctly (adding a 60th second, instead of reversing
           | time or smearing time).
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Linux apparently did it correctly - the last time it
             | happened we watched the kernel log and cheered when it said
             | :60
        
         | behnamoh wrote:
         | It's crazy to assume people will use umlauts in URLs. As far as
         | internet users are concerned, TURKIYE is turkiye, end of story.
         | 
         | PS. It's much easier to type umlauts on Mac. Just hold 'u' to
         | see the variants.
        
           | jws wrote:
           | As a Mac user from the beginning I was about to say "that's
           | an iPad, not a Mac", but lo and behold!
           | 
           | On a Mac now the alphabetic and digit keys do not autorepeat
           | when held but instead pop up little menus of variants.
           | Shifted alphabetic keys get different variants appropriate to
           | their letter. Sadly for TURKIYE the single dot capital "i" is
           | not one of them.
           | 
           | At least for my settings, none of the digits get options, nor
           | do they autorepeat.
           | 
           | A completely useful overloading of "long press" of a keyboard
           | key, but completely undiscoverable unless you make long
           | strings of "vvvvvvvvv" as a pointer or some such, then you
           | get a disappointment instead of what you wanted, but you will
           | be enlightened.
        
             | spc476 wrote:
             | Not everywhere. In Terminal, the letters just repeat.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | sebazzz wrote:
         | That's complicated:
         | "Turkiye".ToUpperInvariant()              "Turkiye".ToUpper()
         | 
         | TURKIYE                   "Turkiye".ToUpper([System.Globalizati
         | on.CultureInfo]::GetCultureInfo("tr-TR"))
         | 
         | TURKIYE
        
           | devoutsalsa wrote:
           | I just got this...                   > "Turkiye".capitalize()
           | UniquenessError("Ankara is already the capital")
        
             | eesmith wrote:
             | Something's wrong with your implementation. That shouldn't
             | be a uniqueness constraint as a country may have multiple
             | capitals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_w
             | ith_multipl...
             | 
             | Also, "Nauru".capitalize() should succeed as it has no
             | official capital.
             | 
             | (tongue firmly in cheek ;)
        
               | zinekeller wrote:
               | Can someone help me? Is this an error?
               | "Switzerland".capitalize()       "HELVETICA"
        
               | dane-pgp wrote:
               | I think you don't have the right fonts installed.
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | Switzerland has four official languages, with the English
               | word "Switzerland" having a particular translation to
               | each one. But if you choose a single official name in one
               | of those languages, it is not fair to the others, so in
               | addition an official name in each language, they have an
               | official in a 'neutral' language: Latin.
               | 
               | > _Due to its linguistic diversity, Switzerland is known
               | by a variety of native names: Schweiz ['SvaIts]
               | (German);[note 5] Suisse [sYis(@)] (French); Svizzera
               | ['zvittsera] (Italian); and Svizra ['Zvi:tsra, 'Zvi:tsRa]
               | (Romansh).[note 6] On coins and stamps, the Latin name,
               | Confoederatio Helvetica - frequently shortened to
               | "Helvetia" - is used instead of the four national
               | languages._
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland
               | 
               | That's also why the ccTLD of Switzerland is .ch.
               | 
               | What you're seeing may be an 'artifact' of that.
        
               | pyuser583 wrote:
               | Yeah lots of people confuse that domain for China.
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | Odd. I get:                 "Switzerland".capitalize()
               | EDGENOSSENSAFT
               | 
               | Maybe my locale is messed up?
        
               | devoutsalsa wrote:
               | Are you in china? That looks like Canton-ese.
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | It's a thread of jokes. devoutsalsa started with a joke
               | mixing the two meanings of "capital" using a fake
               | example. I joked that "UniquenessError" isn't the right
               | error, as some countries have more than one capital and
               | two countries have no official capital.
               | 
               | One of those two is Switzerland, which has the official
               | Latin name "Confoederatio Helvetica", leading zinekeller
               | joke that the capital form was "HELVETICA". See
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_of_Switzerland .
               | 
               | I pretended my implementation of that non-extent
               | programming language generated "Eidgenossenschaft", see
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidgenossenschaft . As
               | that's a German word, I decided to use a blackletter
               | typeface, specifically, the Fraktur in Unicode which is
               | meant to encode mathematical alphanumeric symbols, then
               | imply that my locale the reason I got a German word.
        
               | roxymusic1973 wrote:
               | ...and Switzerland is divided into cantons :)
        
               | cardiffspaceman wrote:
               | It looks like Fraktur to me.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraktur
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | Got it in one.
        
           | gpmcadam wrote:
           | In JavaScript, you can use
           | `String.prototype.toLocaleUpperCase()`                   >
           | 'Turkiye'.toLocaleUpperCase('TR')         'TURKIYE'
           | 
           | [1] https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
           | US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Refe...
        
           | arianvanp wrote:
           | In JavaScript:
           | "Turkiye".toLocaleUpperCase("tr-TR")         'TURKIYE'
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | Reminds me of the bug in PHP where they used a call to
           | toUpper without specifying locale to enable their case
           | insensitivity and if your locale was Turkey, you couldn't
           | call any library calls with an i in them if you typed them in
           | lowercase because, e.g., call to phpinfo() would get case-
           | folded into PHPINFO().
        
         | GaelFG wrote:
         | I find it funny, Turkey was aldready a good test case for
         | handling international users data :), I spend some hours on a
         | bug in json with integer parsing of some users integer inputs
         | in rares cases.
         | 
         | It was because of the way they write/parse integer using dots
         | as separators. (Yes, the real problem was me having forgot to
         | force server and client to use the same locale settings :) )
         | 
         | An old article talking of it :
         | https://blog.codinghorror.com/whats-wrong-with-turkey/
        
         | seydor wrote:
         | > watch developers wrap their heads
         | 
         | <img src="/img/turkiye.gif" alt="Turkey" />
        
         | jakub_g wrote:
         | (if you're curious: Turkish has dotted and dotless "i":
         | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dotted_and_dotless_I)
        
       | nailer wrote:
       | Keep in mind most people in 'Czechia' (the new official name for
       | what we all call the Czech Republic) still prefer 'the Czech
       | Republic'.
        
       | robga wrote:
       | The UK government is changing the full name ('State Title') only,
       | not the short name ('Country Name'). The UK gov follows the
       | standards set by the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names
       | for British Official Use. This body includes the BBC, Royal
       | Geographical Society, etc. So I suppose the BBC will continue to
       | use Turkey.
       | 
       | "Turkey; Republic of Turkey changed to Turkey; Republic of
       | Turkiye"
       | 
       | https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/country-names/cou...
       | 
       | https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/the-permanent-committee...
       | 
       | There is the precedent of Burma/Myanmar, "Country name remains
       | Burma reflecting common British English usage". Similarly for
       | Cabo Verde, "Cape Verde had circulated a request for this form to
       | be used, though UK has retained the common English usage for the
       | country name".
       | 
       | However, it did recently change Swaziland to Eswatini and I know
       | which one I'd vote for as being common usage.
       | 
       | The ISO codes are not always adopted verbatim. e.g. The UK gov
       | list does not include Taiwan. ISO plays both sides, giving it a
       | country code but calling it a province of China. On the other
       | hand the UK does include Kosovo which is not an ISO country but
       | is recognised as one by approx 50% of nations including the UK.
       | 
       | Other countries have similar national naming committees to the
       | UK's PCGN, you can see a list here
       | https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ungegn/nna/nna-committees/
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > There is the precedent of Burma/Myanmar, "Country name
         | remains Burma reflecting common British English usage".
         | 
         | Myanmar has the much bigger problem that it has no adjectival
         | form, _requiring_ even the most politically correct people to
         | use  "Burmese".
         | 
         | (Technically, that's not true - the official adjectival form,
         | according to Myanmar, should be "Myanma". Good luck getting
         | English speakers to understand that.)
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > Technically, that's not true - the official adjectival
           | form, according to Myanmar, should be "Myanma". Good luck
           | getting English speakers to understand that.
           | 
           | How is that any harder than Afghanistan => Afghan.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | plorg wrote:
             | Lots of people replying based on what sound like personal
             | preferences or language biases; I'm guessing the biggest
             | reason, if this is accurate, is that no one ever asks and
             | GP assumes no one will.
        
             | schoen wrote:
             | I can think of two ways:
             | 
             | First, many English-speakers are familiar with -stan, which
             | is used in seven different country names, plus some region
             | names.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-stan
             | 
             | For most of these, you can get an ethnonym or demonym by
             | removing -stan or -istan.
             | 
             | Second, the -ar in particular has a lot of trouble with
             | non-rhotic English accents, where "Myanmar" might _already_
             | be pronounced the same as  "Myanma"!
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > Second, the -ar in particular has a lot of trouble with
               | non-rhotic English accents, where "Myanmar" might
               | _already_ be pronounced the same as  "Myanma"!
               | 
               | It's supposed to be. Both names, "Burma" and "Myanmar",
               | are formed under the assumption that your English
               | pronunciation is non-rhotic.
               | 
               | The same is true of the common Korean surname "Park",
               | which does not contain any R-like sound. British
               | spellings of foreign words really cause tremendous damage
               | to the pronunciations used by rhotic speakers.
        
               | shaftoe wrote:
               | Wait, so it's not "Berm-uh" and "My-ahn-mar" ?
        
               | schoen wrote:
               | I didn't realize this, but Wikipedia says
               | 
               | > In Burmese, the pronunciation depends on the register
               | used and is either Bama (pronounced [b@ma]) or Myamah
               | (pronounced [mj@ma]).
               | 
               | That is, there is originally no R sound in either word in
               | Burmese, as thaumasiotes clarified.
        
               | TillE wrote:
               | > British spellings of foreign words really cause
               | tremendous damage to the pronunciations used by rhotic
               | speakers.
               | 
               | It's such a strange thing to use an 'r' to modify the
               | sound of the preceding vowel, and it's not even as if
               | it's 100% consistent, because all English is a mess.
               | 
               | This expectation also leads to comical situations like
               | the typical British pronunciation of "pasta". I guess the
               | Italians should have spelled it parsta.
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | For fun, get your English-accented acquaintances to
               | pronounce "drawing".
               | 
               | Officially, the Queen's English says this is pronounced
               | "drawing". But most Brits feel compelled to insert an R,
               | "drawRing".
               | 
               | It is much like Americans saying "Mel and I", in object
               | context, e.g. "She accused Mel and I", where "Mel and me"
               | would have been right.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > But most Brits feel compelled to insert an R,
               | "drawRing".
               | 
               | They really are compelled to insert an R there. That is
               | one of the phonological rules of their variety of
               | English; it's how you avoid running one vowel into
               | another vowel.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linking_and_intrusive_R
               | 
               | Complaining about this is the equivalent of complaining
               | about how Americans "feel" compelled to insert a vowel
               | into the name Gbagbo, pronouncing it guh-bagbo. They
               | don't just feel compelled; that is a genuine requirement
               | of their language.
               | 
               | It is not at all similar to any variation on "Mel and I",
               | which is an artificial rule that English speakers must be
               | taught in school. The form people use naturally is "me
               | and Mel".
        
               | catskul2 wrote:
               | > It is much like Americans saying "Mel and I", in object
               | context, e.g. "She accused Mel and I", where "Mel and me"
               | would have been right. ...
               | 
               | > It is not at all similar to any variation on "Mel and
               | I", which is an artificial rule that English speakers
               | must be taught in school. The form people use naturally
               | is "me and Mel".
               | 
               | I think you're misunderstanding here. There's no
               | situation where "she accused (Mel and) I" works. It's not
               | taught in school. It happens because of people "hyper
               | correcting" to match the inverted sentence. "(Mel and) I
               | accused her" which they get corrected to use by the
               | teacher when they say "(Mel and) me accused her".
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | No. If you had been correct, there would have been no
               | reason to post what I did. But you are 100% wrong on both
               | counts, and I did. (For amusement, see _rndmio_ 's
               | comment above.)
        
               | schoen wrote:
               | I think you're referring to
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercorrection
               | 
               | while thaumasiotes is referring to
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonotactics
               | 
               | There are examples in the hypercorrection article about
               | people adding an /h-/ in a _very_ similar situation, so
               | what you describe clearly can happen. But are you sure
               | that the R example falls into that category?
               | 
               | It seems to be a distinction about how conscious the
               | change is, or at what layer of language it happens. Isn't
               | that an empirical question that could be tested?
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | Strictly speaking, the masses adopting rhotic
               | pronunciation was, originally, an effort at mimicking a
               | privileged-class affectation. The extra "R" in "drawRing"
               | did not mimic anything, though, but seemed required by
               | the imperfectly deduced rule. Those in actual contact
               | with the privileged class had plenty of examples to, er*,
               | draw upon, denied to those without.
               | 
               | Class markers in speech are always a moving target, a
               | sort of low-grade arms race: low stakes for the upper
               | class, high stakes for lower.
               | 
               | So, pronouncing it "drawRing" is a lower-class marker,
               | similar in a way to "aks" for "ask" in American English.
               | 
               | As always, all of these pronunciations are legitimate and
               | produce no misunderstanding.
               | 
               | [*] "er" is pronounced "uh" or "eh", rhotically.
        
               | rndmio wrote:
               | > Officially, the Queen's English says this is pronounced
               | "drawing". But most Brits feel compelled to insert an R,
               | "drawRing".
               | 
               | Am British, literally no one I know personally puts an
               | extra R in when pronouncing drawing. I have heard it said
               | that way before but you certainly couldn't say that
               | "most" Brits do it.
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | Apparently, "most" of some poorly characterized strata of
               | Brits.
               | 
               | I am amused that your sibling comment insists "drawRing"
               | is correct British pronunciation.
        
               | Smaug123 wrote:
               | Got a source for your "typical British pronunciation" of
               | "pasta" being non-Italian? I read your comment as
               | asserting that typical Brits pronounce it as "par-sta"
               | with a non-rhotic 'r', but I don't think I've ever heard
               | anyone except the Australian John Torode pronounce it
               | that way.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > I read your comment as asserting that typical Brits
               | pronounce it as "par-sta" with a non-rhotic 'r'
               | 
               | That is exactly the opposite of what TillE wrote. If that
               | were how the British already pronounced the word, there
               | would be no need to change the spelling.
               | 
               | > Got a source for your "typical British pronunciation"
               | of "pasta" being non-Italian?
               | 
               | This is just infantile. You can verify the pronunciation
               | yourself in any number of ways.
               | 
               | https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/pasta
               | (UK pronunciation: /'paes.t@/)
               | 
               | https://youglish.com/pronounce/pasta/english/uk , if you
               | want audio samples.
               | 
               | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pasta#Pronunciation (UK
               | pronunciation: /'paest@/)
        
           | biztos wrote:
           | I have heard the people of Myanmar referred to as "Myanese"
           | many times, in English, in Thailand. Enough that I might
           | guess it'll establish itself, like Czech people being "from
           | Czech" did in much of Europe (in English).
        
             | kenneth wrote:
             | Czech people are usually referred in English as being grim
             | Czechia (if you don't wanna use the unwieldy Czech
             | Republic)
        
           | orlp wrote:
           | Not sure why people didn't just agree on -i. Qatar -> Qatari,
           | Zanzibar -> Zanzibari, to me Myanmar -> Myanmari makes
           | perfect sense to me.
        
             | adhesive_wombat wrote:
             | The -i ending comes from Arabic which makes it seem a bit
             | out of place in Myanmar (not to mention the obvious
             | religious tension).
             | 
             | -ese, -ian, -an and -n all come from Latin via routes of
             | varying directness, which is why they feel somewhat
             | "neutral" in English (e.g. Congolese and Japanese both seem
             | cromulent and not intrinsically African or Asian).
        
               | kenneth wrote:
               | How did we arrive at Guamanian as the adjective for of
               | Guam?
        
         | jonathankoren wrote:
         | Reminds me of Ivory Coast insisting that everyone call it Cote
         | d'Ivoire, or even the "Republic of Cote d'Ivoire".
         | 
         | Sure, fine, whatever. Everyone deserves to be called by their
         | preferred name. I find it weird though, because every country
         | has a respectful exonym, so a direct translation doesn't seem
         | wrong, and mixing languages seems even weirder.
         | 
         | I don't know why personal names don't typically get translated,
         | but country names do, so this is not a hill worth dying on.
         | It's just odd to me, especially since they are sticking with
         | the colonial name instead of changing to some indigenous name.
        
           | collegeburner wrote:
           | me omw to go demand that people call us The United States of
           | America in spanish instead of estados unidos
           | 
           | like if people really gonna apply this standard they better
           | do it consistently.
        
             | kenneth wrote:
             | You mean, in Espanol
        
           | stingraycharles wrote:
           | City names also get translated, but not regions / provinces.
           | It's all so arbitrary, probably mostly for historical
           | reasons.
           | 
           | My own nationality (and perhaps yours, judging by your
           | username?) comes to mind, Dutch, which doesn't even vaguely
           | resemble the way we refer to ourselves ("Nederlands"), but is
           | close to a very old naming of a region in our country
           | ("Diets", ca. 1200 - 1550), how we call Germans ("Duits"),
           | who call themselves different as well ("Deutsch"), where the
           | word "German" probably stems from Germanic, which refers to a
           | historical group of people in Central and Scandinavian
           | Europe, comparable to "Latin".
        
             | poizan42 wrote:
             | Just fyi., Dutch, Deutsch, Diets etc. are derived from
             | Proto-Germanic *thiudiskaz ("of the people, popular")[1]
             | 
             | [1]: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deutsch
        
             | Maxmo74 wrote:
             | Well.. Tuscany, Apulia, Lombardy, Sicily, Sardinia,
             | Piedmont. Where did you find that regions don't get
             | translated?
        
               | stingraycharles wrote:
               | Mmm I had some French regions in mind, which typically
               | don't get translated in my own language at all (eg Cote
               | d'Azure), but I just realized we do translate Pyrenees to
               | "Pyreneeen" and there are probably many other examples as
               | well.
               | 
               | We also translate Paris to Parijs, and Lille has an
               | official translation to Rijsel but nobody uses that.
               | 
               | Sheesh if this were a codebase it would raise some
               | serious questions about variable naming standards.
        
               | Maxmo74 wrote:
               | Costa azzurra in Italian, apparently.
               | 
               | Pretty sure we had several posts on HM related to the
               | weirdness of translations for names.
               | 
               | But there are cities like Denver. Luckier than others, in
               | that respect ;)
        
               | stingraycharles wrote:
               | And Amsterdam, but TIL Rome is called Roma in Italian. :)
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Personal names will sometimes be translated - depending on
           | when the person moved or decided to present as.
           | 
           | I know of Indian colleagues who go by an English-sounding
           | name that is at least somewhat close to their actual name.
           | Others have anglicized a spelling that is phonetically close.
           | 
           | The main difference is that you can ask them what they prefer
           | as they're right there.
           | 
           | It's harder to ask an entire country.
        
             | kenneth wrote:
             | My middle name is Olivier, by in English for a while I just
             | translated it to Oliver.
        
             | roxymusic1973 wrote:
             | > Personal names will sometimes be translated - depending
             | on when the person moved or decided to present as.
             | 
             | E.g.
             | https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_II_del_Reino_Unido
        
               | koala_man wrote:
               | Or Cristoforo Colombo, aka Christopher Columbus
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Historically it's more common than not. E.g. most names
               | of European monarchs are translated.
        
       | havkom wrote:
        
         | concinds wrote:
         | Trolls are the only people saying this. Part of the motivation
         | for the name change was to avoid being named the same as the
         | bird. https://greekreporter.com/2022/06/07/petition-change-
         | name-tu...
        
           | Fred27 wrote:
           | Let's rename the bird too and then see what happens.
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | But the turkey bird was named after the country Turkey,
           | because the British wrongly believed that these birds are
           | imported from Turkey.
           | 
           | Similarly inappropriate names are used in French and in
           | Portuguese, based on wrong beliefs about the origin of the
           | turkey birds (from India or from Peru).
           | 
           | While in French the relationship between "dinde" and "d'Inde"
           | is less obvious, Peru might object on the same grounds as
           | Turkey to the turkey being called "peru" in Portuguese.
           | 
           | I believe that is always better to use the native names of
           | countries, places, people and so on, but unfortunately, it is
           | not realistic to expect that most native English speakers
           | will ever be able to pronounce most foreign names in a way
           | resembling their original pronunciation.
           | 
           | Even for the countries whose names happen to be written in
           | the same way in English as in their own language, the English
           | speakers pronounce them very differently, mainly because they
           | are habituated to correspondences between vowel letters and
           | vowel sounds that are unlike those used in any other
           | language.
        
             | someotherperson wrote:
             | Fun fact: the word for orange (the fruit) in Arabic and
             | Turkish is named after Portugal the country :)
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | That is also true at least for Albanian, Bulgarian, Greek
               | and Romanian, and possibly also for other languages of
               | countries that had been dominated by the Turkish Empire.
        
               | burtuqal wrote:
               | Double fun fact, it's the other way around :)
        
       | Koffiepoeder wrote:
       | About a week ago the UN approved the decision to change the
       | country's name from Turkey to Turkiye. ISO now follows suit and
       | updated the short and full name of the country.
        
       | emptyfile wrote:
       | When your annual inflation is 75% (in reality more like 150%),
       | start inventing nonsense to distract the population.
        
         | deadmanku wrote:
         | nobody cares about english name of country.
        
           | Hamuko wrote:
           | And even less people care about the ISO English name of a
           | country.
        
       | henearkr wrote:
        
         | waqf wrote:
         | Next up: Guinea. And the Kiwis.
        
           | dmurray wrote:
           | And the Canaries.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | By the way the Kiwis tried to brand the Chinese gooseberry
           | the "kiwi" so people would think of NZ produce, but made two
           | fatal errors: 1 - they forgot to trademark it and 2 - they
           | forgot that people outside AUS and NZ don't think of New
           | Zealand at all.
        
             | rswail wrote:
             | You mean Aotearoa?
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | I suspect even (or especially?) most Aussies don't know
               | that name.
        
           | henearkr wrote:
           | Yep. And the best is: in Turkish language a turkey is called
           | "hindi" (meaning India).
           | 
           | And both of those words for the bird, turkey or hindi, come
           | from the fact that in medieval times people where mixing up
           | India, Middle-East, and America together, and thought of it
           | as just "India".
           | 
           | So the bird was named after the country.
           | 
           | Thus, Frankurt should rename itself too, right? I mean, it's
           | the same as a sausage, what a shame booo.
        
             | prmoustache wrote:
             | In portuguese the word for the bird is peru, probably for
             | similar reason.
        
             | lstodd wrote:
             | don't forget hamburgers
        
             | laumars wrote:
             | There are several sausages that share the prefix
             | "Frankfurters" such as Frankfurter Wurstchen (which is the
             | hotdog style sausage that Americans have shortened to just
             | "Frankfurter"). In fact it's not just sausages that have
             | that name, there's also a cake called "Frankfurter Kranz".
             | 
             | And why do all these dishes have that name? Because they
             | are specialities believed to have originated from Frankfurt
             | am Main. In other words, they got their name from the city.
             | 
             | This is pretty common to. In the U.K. we have Cornish
             | Pasty, Yorkshire Pudding, English Breakfast, Scottish
             | Breakfast. There's Eccles Cake, welsh Cake, Bath buns,
             | Chelsea Buns and Bakewell Tarts. You can get Irish Coffee
             | and Irish Stew.
             | 
             | Americans have no shortage of the same too. Like
             | Mississippi Mud Pie.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | youamericanloo wrote:
       | now Turkish people have personality. congratulation, I am
       | impressed Turkiye. Find me handsome, kisses, mughhht!
        
       | Accacin wrote:
       | So, for any Turks out there. How do I pronouce 'Turkiye'?
        
         | quasarj wrote:
         | Well, English lacks U, and I, so in reality it will be Turkiye,
         | which is will be said something like "turk-eye-eeee". You're
         | welcome.
        
           | BitwiseFool wrote:
           | Well if y'all are gonna be like that I'm just going to call
           | you guys Anatolia. I'm bringing it back, baby! /s
        
       | rob_c wrote:
       | given nobody can even agree and decide between GB and UK I'll
       | just skip this and get back to work...
        
       | avgcorrection wrote:
       | Why not Turkland?
        
       | auganov wrote:
       | Terrible branding. Going from a high-recognition, easy to
       | pronounce and spell name to this. It's pretty well-established
       | simple names always perform better. If the Turkish government was
       | very liberal perhaps it would earn them some goodwill among the
       | literati, but they tend to hate Erdogan.
        
         | 4lb0 wrote:
         | > Easy to pronounce
         | 
         | That's very anglocentric
        
       | NKosmatos wrote:
       | Strange... No "keyboard wars" on the comments yet. That's
       | something different compared to other forums where Greeks and
       | Turks start fighting and swearing at each other about names,
       | history, borders and so on.
       | 
       | Interesting to note that this name change has to do with the "big
       | vision" the current Turkish government has about the country,
       | although I've read that this change is because they didn't like
       | to be associated with the bird/animal Turkey :-)
        
       | rich_sasha wrote:
       | Poland ended communism with numerous streets dedicated to Lenin,
       | Stalin, Dzierzynski et al. These went like overnight.
       | 
       | But maybe grayscale patrons remained and lingered. If someone was
       | "just" a prime minister, not particularly zealous, but still in
       | the Soviet service, are they ok or not? There are different waves
       | of "decommunisation" going throughout time.
       | 
       | Thing is, each time renaming a street is a lot of havoc. Official
       | records, business registration addresses, business cards, logos,
       | subscriptions, everything needs to change.
       | 
       | For this reason such changes end up stuck in limbo and are often
       | eventually abandoned or undone.
       | 
       | I wonder if Turkiye will encounter similar issues.
        
       | captainmuon wrote:
       | I just learned that Greece is called Yunanistan in Turkey.
       | 
       | And as long as the English speaking world still butchers German
       | town names (Hanover, Hamelin, Nuremberg instead of Hannover,
       | Hameln, Nurnberg) I think it is legit to call the country Turkey.
        
         | kzrdude wrote:
         | It's a curious tug of war. Of course every language is allowed
         | to have its own words. Global use of English puts a special
         | pressure on English.
        
         | timeon wrote:
         | > English speaking world still butchers German town names
         | 
         | Try Czech: Cachy, Trevir, Rezno vs Aachen, Trier, Regensburg.
        
         | febeling wrote:
         | I also find it odd to think differing names of places in a
         | foreign language as butchering. I like how Munchen (Munich) is
         | called Monaco in Italian.
         | 
         | But if we do think it's butchering, why don't we refer to
         | Germans as Deutsche in English, call the country Deutschland
         | instead of Germany?
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | Some other fun country butcherings: Magyarorszag, Hrvatska,
           | Suomi, Ellada. For which the English names are the oh-so-
           | obvious Hungary, Croatia, Finland, and Greece. I haven't even
           | left Europe yet!
        
           | korlja wrote:
           | Forget towns. Talk about the fucking name of the country.
           | 
           | Actually, the name is "Deutschland" (if you leave out the
           | political decorations declaring it a federal republic).
           | 
           | One should think, knowing where the word comes from, that the
           | english name would be "Dutchland". But it isn't, instead they
           | call someone else "Dutch". Admittedly a neighbouring country
           | with some shared history and origins waaay back then, but
           | still. Tyskland is great, thanks to everyone using a
           | variation of that.
           | 
           | Then there is "Germany". Way back then, when the romans tried
           | and failed to establish a longterm presence on the other side
           | of the rivers rhine and danube that might have been ok, but
           | that was 2000 years ago. For at least the last 500 years,
           | "deutsch" or some variation thereof was official. Germans are
           | also only part of the historic inhabitants of what forms
           | modern-day Germany, there are also a few Slavic tribes in
           | there. Also, there are many German tribes that didn't settle
           | in what is modern-day Germany, instead they now form the
           | nordic states, the Netherlands, parts of Switzerland and
           | Austria. So mostly wrong, no fish.
           | 
           | Alemania is even more wrong, because that actually only talks
           | about the southwestern german tribes, in current southwest
           | Germany and northeastern Switzerland. "Alemannisch" strictly
           | only describes the traditions of that region in german.
           | Nothing else.
           | 
           | Then there is Niemcy and stuff. I've been told it means
           | something like "mutes" or "the ones you cannot comprehend".
           | I'm not sure if that is supposed to be an insult or a
           | compliment, but really, after you started talking to us you
           | couldn't be arsed to ask what we call ourselves?
           | 
           | Talking about insults: Saksa might be considered a compliment
           | or an insult in Germany, depending on where you are.
           | Historically, saxon tribes settled in the northwest (later
           | England, but that is not relevant here). This corresponds to
           | a part of what currently is the German land Niedersachsen.
           | There are two Lander that are called something with
           | "sachsen", but they are faking it to get a grab at the former
           | glory. Talking about "glory", it is quite the opposite in
           | southern Germany, there nobody likes "Sachsen" and considers
           | them the worst kind of "Preussen". Which are all considered
           | insults there.
           | 
           | There are a few others, getting more and more weird until:
           | Navajo: Beesh Bich'ahii Bikeyah ("Metal Cap-wearer Land"), in
           | reference to Stahlhelm-wearing German soldiers.[1] I can get
           | behind that. But the rest, please stop it, it is
           | "Deutschland". Or I might have to wear my metal cap again ;)
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Germany
        
             | orbital-decay wrote:
             | _> Then there is Niemcy and stuff. I've been told it means
             | something like "mutes" or "the ones you cannot comprehend".
             | I'm not sure if that is supposed to be an insult or a
             | compliment, but really, after you started talking to us you
             | couldn't be arsed to ask what we call ourselves?_
             | 
             | It was a common name for all foreigners, not just Germans.
             | During a certain era, German traders were the most common
             | foreigners in Slavic lands, so the name stuck with Germans.
        
               | NeoTar wrote:
               | I love how it's a similar origin story to the word
               | 'Barbarian' - deriving from anyone who wasn't Greek, and
               | so whose language sounded like "baa-baa baa-baa"
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | > There are two Lander that are called something with
             | "sachsen", but they are faking it to get a grab at the
             | former glory.
             | 
             | Let me guess: the one of the three Lander that are called
             | something with "sachsen" that you forget is Niedersachsen,
             | even despite spelling it out literally one word before that
             | sentence! Being born in the only saxon capital of the of
             | the country I was born in I've made a habit out of
             | confusing saxons from the east by claiming that I'm one of
             | them, never gets old.
             | 
             | (yeah, and I was close to posting that wiki link myself, so
             | happy that nobody has started referring to the country by
             | what it's most famous for)
        
             | Joker_vD wrote:
             | Yes, and Finns don't call their country "Finland" --
             | Finnish language, after all, doesn't uses "f" natively --
             | they call it "Suomi" and they call Russia "Venaja" (even
             | though Wends really don't have much to do with it). So
             | what? Names are arbitrary, especially names in different
             | languages, that's just how they are.
             | 
             | As the Russian proverb says, "you can call me even
             | 'kettle', just don't put me on the stove".
        
               | usr1106 wrote:
               | The first prize goes to the French, though.
               | 
               | They call their country France, named after the
               | _Germanic_ tribe of the Franks. Only in Asterix they
               | remember that their country should be called Gaul.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Eh. The name "Bulgaria" derives from Bulgars, who were a
               | nomadic Turkic tribe from areas around the Caspian Sea
               | that came to conquer the country.
               | 
               | For another example, the name "Russia" is derived from
               | "Rus", which itself appears to be a derivative of the
               | Norse "Ruslaw" - again, because it was the Norse who
               | came, conquered, and became the ruling elite.
               | 
               | Basically, it happened all the time.
        
               | NeoTar wrote:
               | The Germanic tribe who invaded and conquered the lands
               | currently known as France, forming (at least) the
               | aristocracy and then naming it after themselves? Isn't
               | that a reasonable name for the country? I mean, it also
               | happened in England (i.e. land of the Angles) - which
               | historically would have been Britannia when France was
               | Gaul.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | > They call their country France, named after the
               | Germanic tribe of the Franks.
               | 
               | You mean, the Germans who call it "Frankreich"?
               | 
               | There were several Frankish tribes, who occupied over the
               | years regions from Thuringia all the way to Gascony. You
               | might have heard of Clovis, king of the Franks, baptised
               | at Reims and who made Paris the capital of his kingdom,
               | and founded the Frankish Merovingian dynasty that ruled
               | almost all of what is France now for 2 centuries. Gauls
               | had been heavily romanised well before that point anyway.
               | 
               | You should probably read a bit in a subject before trying
               | to be clever.
        
           | stefantalpalaru wrote:
        
           | MonkeyClub wrote:
           | > why don't we refer to Germans as Deutsche in English, call
           | the country Deutschland instead of Germany?
           | 
           | Because the Germans aren't throwing a fit about how other
           | countries are addressing them in their languages, while the
           | Turks currently are.
           | 
           | Given how Turkey currently has insane inflation and internal
           | political turmoil with Erdogan's opposition rising, there's a
           | line of thought that has war as the only way to maintain
           | power for Erdogan, much like how a coup solidified his power
           | in 2016.
           | 
           | Turkey's neighbors probably should start feeling like Ukraine
           | before February, or like Poland before September 1939.
        
           | amilios wrote:
           | Interesting! In Greek Munich is also Monakho
           | (Monacho/Monaco).
        
           | gkanai wrote:
           | Same thing with Japan. Japanese call the country Nippon.
        
             | frivoal wrote:
             | Or, more commonly, Nihon. Nippon is more emphatic, which is
             | occasionally taken to make it sound more nationalistic.
        
           | saiya-jin wrote:
           | I'd strongly prefer is this 'butchering' would be happening
           | only in cases the original name is literally un-pronounciable
           | in given language.
           | 
           | But no, everybody must be pissing on their little sandbox -
           | Neuchatel _has_ to be Neuburg, although both are perfectly
           | pronounciable in both languages. US has to be Etats-Unis.
           | Practically every effin ' language has this.
           | 
           | I'd say using original names and how they sound shows some
           | proper respect towards given place, country, people, culture
           | and its history. Shows you actually make some effort, and
           | also shows having some class. But I can only wish this was a
           | widespread opinion.
        
             | andybak wrote:
             | For the record, I'm fairly sure how to pronounce Neuburg
             | but much less confident I'd get Neuchatel correct.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Especially when the circumflex has been left out so you
               | have no reminder of how used to be written and
               | pronounced.
               | 
               | Etats-Unis is quite respectful as it literally describes
               | how the country wants to be considered: United States. It
               | is only if you don't find the term meaningful that way
               | you would want someone to uncomprehendingly parrot the
               | sounds.
        
           | ars wrote:
           | In Hebrew, India is called Hodu, which seems to be a name
           | unique to Hebrew (although with quite ancient origins).
        
         | brosinante wrote:
         | And the actual name for Greece is Hellas.
        
           | kgeist wrote:
           | They didn't always call themselves Hellenes, at one point the
           | more common names were Achaeans (hence Egyptian "Ekwesh"),
           | Danaans and Argives. The word "Hellenes" is only found once
           | in Homer. Or often people called them by their specific
           | tribe, such as Ionians or Dorians. Some languages use older
           | names because that's what they are used to. It seems that
           | country borders, politics, self-identity etc. change faster
           | than language.
        
             | amilios wrote:
             | You're right in that the term Hellenes appears later,
             | however it is worth noting that there was still some sense
             | of collective identity, even that far back, as evidenced by
             | the tribes coming together when facing external threats
             | (e.g. the Persians, or even against Troy in the Iliad),
             | common language, culture, competitions that everyone
             | participated in, etc. etc.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > And the actual name for Greece is Hellas.
           | 
           | That's many centuries out of date. You want Ellas. The
           | aspiration was lost long ago.
           | 
           | (We might also note that the Greek wikipedia page is titled
           | Ellada, but the first thing it does is list Ellas as an
           | alternate name.)
        
         | throwaway787544 wrote:
        
           | MrDresden wrote:
           | And they all come from Ummerica
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | eCa wrote:
         | A favourite of mine is Nueva York.
        
           | kergonath wrote:
           | You should see how the English call la Nouvelle Orleans...
        
             | pezezin wrote:
             | Or the state of Nuevo Mexico...
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | That's not butchering, it means that the places you list have
         | been sufficiently relevant to speakers of the language in
         | question at the time spelling stabilized to have their own
         | name. The phrase "Mailand oder Madrid" isn't famous for it not
         | being "Milano oder Madrid".
        
         | egeozcan wrote:
         | Also Hindistan (Land of the Hindi) means India, and "hindi"
         | means turkey, in Turkish. Misir also means corn and also Egypt
         | in the same language.
        
           | dizhn wrote:
           | Yup. It's pretty ignorant to call India the land of
           | turkeys,while throwing a fit when other countries call yours
           | Turkey.
        
             | cetinkaya wrote:
        
             | timeon wrote:
             | Maybe the bird will be also called turkiye now.
        
           | walrus01 wrote:
           | And the actual bird, in Iranian Farsi, is a "booghoolamoo",
           | which is roughly the same idea as the gobbling noise a turkey
           | makes.
           | 
           | In Afghan Farsi (Dari) the bird is a "feel murgh" which
           | translates as Elephant Chicken.
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | Greece is also Yunan in Farsi , this is a _very_ old word in
         | the Persian language.
        
         | someotherperson wrote:
         | The whole Middle East has called it some variation of Yunan
         | (Yunanistan specifically meaning "Land of the Yunan") for about
         | 3000 years. It derives from Ionian[0] and roughly specified the
         | land Ionia[1] region and the name is baked into everything
         | (modern and historical) from Hebrew to Persian to Arabic to
         | Assyrian.
         | 
         | On the back of this, though, in many countries in the Middle
         | East the Latin names are used for most countries in Europe,
         | including Germany, which is referred to as _Alemaan_ (from
         | proto-Germanic Alemanniz[2]).
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionians
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionia
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Alemanni
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > The whole Middle East has called it some variation of Yunan
           | (Yunanistan specifically meaning "Land of the Yunan") for
           | about 3000 years. It derives from Ionian
           | 
           | > the name is baked into everything (modern and historical)
           | from Hebrew to Persian to Arabic to Assyrian.
           | 
           | The term is also used in Han China for the Greek kingdom that
           | came to exist near them. There would have been no real
           | awareness of the original region of Ionia, though there was
           | rudimentary awareness of the Roman Empire a bit later.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayuan
        
           | behnamoh wrote:
           | The region that's now called "Iran" was called Persia by the
           | West for at least 2000 years, until the Shah of Iran
           | requested the world to refer to the country as "Iran", which
           | is the term used by the Iranians.
           | 
           | Fun fact: "Iran" means "the land of the Aryans".
        
           | hnbad wrote:
           | As a German I'm fine with _Alemaan_ (note that the German
           | name for Germany is nothing like _Germany_ either).
           | 
           | But it's worth noting that in German "Alman" has become the
           | equivalent of "gammon" in the UK, especially among immigrants
           | and in youth culture. I.e. a derogatory slur for a specific
           | type of native-born person (usually men) holding naively
           | reactionary views. Not necessarily intentionally racist but
           | always ignorant.
        
         | ascorbic wrote:
         | Vereinigtes Konigreich checking in
        
           | korlja wrote:
           | Vereinigtes Konigreich von Grossbritannien und Nordirland
           | bitte.
           | 
           | Also, even more weirdness about the channel islands and the
           | "British" overseas territories (which are isles, but not
           | British isles...).
        
         | smt88 wrote:
         | Hanover instead of Hannover is "butchering" to you?
        
           | haasted wrote:
           | An absolute carnage!!
        
           | InCityDreams wrote:
           | Yes, username smmt8, it is.
        
             | jalk wrote:
             | Would you campaign for it to be written as Hannofer in
             | English so that non-German speakers will not butcher the
             | current pronunciation. Obviously there are long historical
             | reasons for language diffs of city names and I imagine many
             | predates the nation states who now house those cities.
             | Changes in local pronunciation is also a thing, and those
             | changes are of course not always propagated to other
             | languages
        
       | magicalhippo wrote:
       | We make a product which sends data to some gov't system. If a
       | user needs to send a correction, it should be done using the
       | rules that were in place when the initial version was sent.
       | 
       | So all code lists, including country codes or EU membership,
       | needs to have a validity date range per entry. Fun!
        
       | usrusr wrote:
       | In a way it's understandable that people like seeing their
       | country called in their own language. But isn't that actually
       | more a sign of irrelevance than a sign of status? A village does
       | not have a toponym in any other language, but famous cities tend
       | to have, and those who don't might be a bit short on history.
       | 
       | How about https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Germany ? (yes,
       | we consider ourselves lucky that noone calls the country by what
       | it's most famous for)
        
         | darkhorn wrote:
         | It is a sign of dictatorship. Just like in the video The
         | Dictator.
        
         | kgeist wrote:
         | It's true that the older and more famous a placename, the more
         | likely it is to have different forms in neighboring languages.
         | All languages evolve phonetically, and during the course of
         | this evolution, the pronunciation of all words changes
         | (independently in every language), including (especially)
         | toponyms which were borrowed 500-1000 years ago. It's a sad
         | misconception that if a toponym is pronounced differently, then
         | it means it's "butchered". I think it's part of our common
         | history and it should be embraced, not erased.
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | Yeah, the truly interesting part is where you make the cutoff
           | in regions where borders shifted. Strassburg instead of
           | Strasbourg hopefully doesn't get perceived as a claim to the
           | place and neither should Danzig, but I'd rather write
           | Kaliningrad because those people are so damn thin-skinned,
           | bordering on paranoia (they might even feel threatened by the
           | letters Sank Petersburg, even if that can't possibly mean
           | anything other than respect). But random villages that used
           | to have a name in a language that isn't spoken there anymore?
           | Hands off, unless you desperately want to sound "that way"
           | (you shouldn't!). In an explicitly historical context, you
           | should at least acknowledge the current name.
        
             | kgeist wrote:
             | >but I'd rather write Kaliningrad because those people are
             | so damn thin-skinned, bordering on paranoia
             | 
             | In Kaliningrad, the locals colloquially call their city
             | Koenig (short for Koenigsberg), they're totally fine with
             | it. Although, the context matters, of course.
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | Nice to hear that, I guess it shouldn't be surprising
               | that people who actually live there might be less
               | concerned about a hypothetical reclaim than people
               | hundreds of kilometers away. If you only know it from the
               | map (well, that's also me) that's a what-if not rooted in
               | reality one way or the other at all.
        
               | kenneth wrote:
               | I imagine most people in Konigsburg would much rather be
               | part of Deutschland than Rossiia though.
        
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