[HN Gopher] Air France announces end to research monkey transport
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Air France announces end to research monkey transport
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 60 points
       Date   : 2022-07-10 17:08 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.the-scientist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.the-scientist.com)
        
       | htk wrote:
       | Did Air France decide this based on animal rights lobby or for
       | economic reasons?
        
       | lpolovets wrote:
       | A relevant aside: there are some companies and startups that aim
       | to replace a good chunk of animal testing with in silico testing.
       | Here's one that my fund is an investor in called VeriSIM:
       | https://www.google.com/amp/s/venturebeat.com/2019/08/14/veri...
        
         | lofatdairy wrote:
         | VeriSIM seems to be targeting drug discovery, rather than drug
         | testing. I don't think scientists regularly use animal models
         | for drug discovery, if at all, because it's really not that
         | efficient (animals aside, you'd have to synthesize a dose of
         | everything you want to try, which is non-trivial). With drug
         | discovery, what you need to do is just shotgun a bunch of
         | molecules and test that they're even bioactive, let alone
         | therapeutic (you don't even need to find all the bioactive
         | molecules, just yield enough for further testing).
         | 
         | For actual testing, there are also microfluidic systems and
         | organ-on-a-chip systems that are a field of active research. I
         | think most researchers are more confident in these systems than
         | in-silico (even though organ-on-a-chip systems are a field of
         | active research and have their own shortcomings) because
         | biological systems are active on several different
         | physiological scales, and simulating all of these is rather
         | rough around the edges to say the least. C elegans and fruit
         | fly simulations are still the target of research, and I think
         | fruit flies aren't simulated accurately from the cellular level
         | (though if anyone knows better let me know). Simulating
         | anything more complicated is likely to require either enormous
         | computational resources as well as actual discovery, since
         | you'd need to first characterize everything before you can
         | simulate it.
        
         | iancmceachern wrote:
         | And also some companies (not really a startup but a huge
         | established company) working to replace human transplants with
         | organs "donated" from pigs, on an industrial scale.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | If in silico was an alternatives, everybody would have switched
         | already. And everybody will switch as soon as it becomes one.
         | Everybody wants in silico models.
         | 
         | If you are using that to argue that alternatives exist, you are
         | unknowingly lying. They will probably exist some day, and
         | everybody will use them without you having to ask.
        
           | lpolovets wrote:
           | Not sure why you're accusing me of lying, I just said that
           | there are companies working on this.
           | 
           | I think the key thing here is that while eliminating 100% of
           | animal testing is an ambitious -- and perhaps ultimately
           | unreachable -- goal, data and computer simulations can make
           | testing more effective.
           | 
           | If you use data to prioritize animal tests, or in some cases
           | conclusively predict if some test won't any have value (e.g.
           | the dosing is toxically high or ineffectively low) then that
           | is a win. Both in terms of reducing animal tests, and in
           | terms of speeding up drug development and making it less
           | costly.
        
       | yread wrote:
       | Will they also forbid their employees using latest cancer drugs?
       | Without animal models they will be less safe.
        
         | bsdz wrote:
         | Actually it's probably the opposite. Using animal models can
         | lead to drugs that are not safe or effective for humans and it
         | can lead to drugs being rejected that might have been safe or
         | effective. 92% of drugs which prove promising in animal trials
         | fail in human clinical trials.
        
           | david38 wrote:
           | You're right. We should jump to human trials directly.
        
             | tokinonagare wrote:
             | It's what have been done recently, even enforced by
             | governments in some cases.
        
             | rootsudo wrote:
             | In a way, why not - I agree animal testing is good, vs
             | direct to human testing but I'm also surprised there isn't
             | human testing arbitrage where medicine is created in a
             | geographic region that allows it vs more in the west.
             | 
             | I can see how quickly it ran run off to prison labor and
             | more human testing atrocities circa 1940's world.
        
             | bsdz wrote:
             | I didn't say that. There are a many alternatives to animal
             | models before "jumping to human trials directly", e.g.
             | testing on human cells & tissues, human-based computer
             | models (like those used for cardiotoxicity) and more
             | recently organ-on-a-chip technologies.
        
               | tsol wrote:
               | None of those are capable of testing for side effects and
               | negative outcomes as well as testing the drug on a real
               | creature. At the end of the day those all have only
               | limited use. If you want to be able to give the drug to
               | people without any surprises, you have to test on a full
               | organism. Organoids just don't have the complexity of
               | living creatures
        
               | bsdz wrote:
               | > as well as testing the drug on a real creature
               | 
               | Please re-read my original comment. In particular, the
               | 92% bit
               | 
               | > you have to test on a full organism
               | 
               | Are you suggesting testing on humans? Clearly that's the
               | only way to clear those "surprises".
               | 
               | > Organoids just don't have the complexity of living
               | creatures
               | 
               | I think the gist of my argument against animal testing is
               | that animal models aren't very good at predicting
               | outcomes in humans.
               | 
               | Furthermore, there have been some disasterous human
               | clinical trials where drugs have passed all the animal
               | model testing but left many of the human participants
               | dead.
        
               | tsol wrote:
               | >Please re-read my original comment. In particular, the
               | 92% bit
               | 
               | Better than nothing.
               | 
               | >Are you suggesting testing on humans? Clearly that's the
               | only way to clear those "surprises".
               | 
               | No, I'm just saying a full body with multiple organ
               | systems, hormones, and everything else has many more
               | variables than a cell in a petri dish. So a living
               | organism of some sort is a big plus. It's true that if
               | you tested on humans you'd have even fewer unknowns, but
               | that's obviously unethical.
               | 
               | >I think the gist of my argument against animal testing
               | is that animal models aren't very good at predicting
               | outcomes in humans
               | 
               | They aren't perfect. They're just the best thing we have
               | right now
        
               | Thorrez wrote:
               | Why aren't the researchers already using those? If those
               | work better than monkeys I would think researchers would
               | already be using them.
        
               | bsdz wrote:
               | Many are using these alternatives. For example, a
               | computer model for cardiotoxicity has higher accuracy
               | than animal models.
               | 
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28955244/
               | 
               | It's an educational process. A lot of folk just go along
               | with the status quo and feel there's no alternative to
               | animal research.
        
               | oaktrout wrote:
               | I briefly scanned the paper. This is not a computer model
               | for cardiotoxicity as a whole, it's a model for one very
               | specific type of cardiotoxicity. These things may have
               | their uses, bit they are a long way from replacing animal
               | testing.
               | 
               | This model checks for one side effect in one organ
               | system. Animal testing can check all organ systems for
               | thousands of side effects.
        
               | jonlucc wrote:
               | Short answer: we are.
               | 
               | Clinical trials are expensive. NHP (Non-human primate)
               | studies are also expensive, but orders of magnitude less
               | expensive than human studies. We pharma researchers don't
               | want to put stuff into humans if there's risk of failure,
               | especially if that failure is a tox finding and not just
               | low efficacy.
               | 
               | So we de-risk as much as possible. We go so far as to
               | prove everything on human cells, then buy mice with
               | humanized portions of their genome to test the target in
               | mice that are more like humans in the way we need them to
               | be. Then we test in NHPs, because it's very unsafe to
               | assume that a drug that works and is safe in cells is
               | safe in primates.
               | 
               | In a current project, I'm dealing with the fallout of
               | this exact problem. We did a ton of testing, modeling, in
               | vitro work, rodent work, then we dosed in monkeys and it
               | caused a massive tox signal. We have to go back to the
               | drawing board and explain what happened to the monkeys,
               | how we're going to address it, maybe kill the whole
               | program, and find a new path forward. It passed all of
               | the rigorous pre-monkey testing. And I'm at a major
               | pharma company, where we have pretty specialized teams
               | doing most of this work.
               | 
               | edited to correct an error
        
               | rocketbop wrote:
               | > We have to go back to the drawing board and explain
               | what happened to the monkeys
               | 
               | They might rather not know.
        
       | xkbarkar wrote:
       | C19 vaccine development caused the extreme shortage according to
       | the article. Always a little terrifying that we dont have any
       | good alternatives that animal testing. I do beleive that animals
       | used for medical testing ( at least in the west ) are treated a
       | whole lot better than the poor unfortunates we breed for food.
       | And I dont see anyone declaring the end of transporting those.
        
       | pvaldes wrote:
       | So the message is: If you have a relative suffering cancer...
       | don't use Air France?
        
         | julienfr112 wrote:
         | Or maybe use Air France, as it was the last major airline to do
         | so, as stated in the very first line of the article. So it did
         | so for longer than Delta, LuftHansa, British, ANA, ...
        
         | goldenkey wrote:
         | I think the message is:
         | 
         | "Your suffering isn't worth more than mine." - Monkey or Rat in
         | a lab somewhere Tzu
         | 
         | Don't quote me though, I'm just a brainlet.
        
         | boopmaster wrote:
         | Exactly correct. Nobody can have any differing ideals of
         | morality than that. Those ideals are the |abs| correct values
         | and exact center of the universe, and anything divergent must
         | be castigated. There is no gray area. There is no pragmatism.
        
       | siva7 wrote:
       | Less biomedical research on monkeys means putting more humans at
       | danger. An animal shouldn't be put over a human!
        
       | joecool1029 wrote:
       | This should help slow the spread of monkeypox.
        
       | geoduck14 wrote:
       | There are a bunch of people here who are passionate about not
       | having animal testing.
       | 
       | There is a different thread on HN with people who are passionate
       | about not releasing chemicals until they are proven safe for
       | human consumption.
       | 
       | Can we get Dang to merge these two threads and have a mosh-pit of
       | passion and see what comes out?
        
         | phphphphp wrote:
         | I'm not sure of your point. The answer is pretty simple: test
         | on humans. If we aren't willing to test on ourselves, why
         | should we be willing to test on other beings? There's no
         | contradiction.
        
           | vczf wrote:
           | Which humans?
           | 
           | Is it more ethical to test treatments with potential long-
           | term health complications on research monkeys or... poor
           | people?
        
             | melony wrote:
             | OP and their family of course, since OP clearly believes
             | animal lives are as valuable, if not more, than humans'.
        
               | FrenchDevRemote wrote:
               | We are animals, we're not more valuable than animals,
               | since we ARE THEM, we have always and will always be
               | equally valuable to animals.
               | 
               | There isn't one rational reason why a human should be
               | worth more than any other animal.
               | 
               | If OP and their family AGREE to, then yes, of course, it
               | would be infinitely better than testing on unwilling
               | sentient beings.
        
               | tsol wrote:
               | >There isn't one rational reason why a human should be
               | worth more than any other animal.
               | 
               | Simple-- because the one pondering it is a human.
               | Expecting humans not to have a bias for their own species
               | is like expecting a lion to choose to go vegetarian; in
               | general they that's not the nature these animals are
               | endowed with.
               | 
               | If we're all animals, why is it okay for a lion to
               | violently follow its nature, but humans cannot?
        
               | FrenchDevRemote wrote:
               | "Expecting humans not to have a bias" "There isn't one
               | rational reason "
               | 
               | Are you that bad at contradicting someone?
        
               | phphphphp wrote:
               | I think that if the animal testing is so important
               | because it's fundamental to the future of the human race,
               | you will absolutely find people willing to participate in
               | early medical trials: after-all, we already do! I'm sure
               | many people here have family who have participated in
               | clinical trials.
               | 
               | Animal testing is rarely necessary, it's just the easiest
               | option, and when it is absolutely necessary to test on a
               | living being, it should be possible to find someone to
               | volunteer. If you can't find anyone to volunteer, it's
               | clearly not necessary enough.
               | 
               | There's already significant restrictions on what
               | can/can't be done to animals in many countries: I am not
               | suggesting anything radical, just following these
               | restrictions to their logical conclusion -- no
               | experiments on beings that haven't consented.
        
             | FrenchDevRemote wrote:
             | >Which humans?
             | 
             | Consenting ones.
             | 
             | It's more ethical to pay a consenting human generously,
             | than to force an animal to ingest dangerous substances for
             | no compensation of any kind(besides euthanasia when they're
             | deemed useless), it's also a lot more efficient and
             | reliable, humans aren't 150lbs rats.
             | 
             | People risks their lives and health daily for a salary(or
             | for a greater cause, which would still apply here) , why
             | should this be any different? How is it any different from
             | a firefighter?a bodyguard? a miner? a doctor in an ICU?
             | 
             | No matter how poor you are you have a choice, these animals
             | never got one, there is plenty of times where I would have
             | accepted to be a guinea pig for money.
        
               | tsol wrote:
               | The problem is you and I don't wanna test potentially
               | dangerous drugs, even for lots of money as we have other
               | choices for an income. Most of the people willing to test
               | drugs will be desperate, poor people who need to feed
               | their families. Say what you will about testing on
               | monkeys-- but testing on poor people instead so that the
               | people making the rules don't have to feed bad about
               | testing on monkeys, is as dystopian as it gets.
        
               | phphphphp wrote:
               | People already volunteer to participate in clinical
               | trials, and we already have restrictions on how animals
               | can be treated. Loosening the rules on what can be tested
               | on humans (but strengthening the consent rules -- for
               | example, in my country, you cannot be paid for
               | participation in a clinical trial) and banning animal
               | testing would not stop progress, it would ensure that
               | progress was made when it was justified enough that
               | people were willing to consent to risks for the progress
               | of humanity.
               | 
               | How many people here on HN would jump aboard the first
               | spaceship to mars in the name of human progress, knowing
               | they'll probably die on the mission? Why can't that apply
               | to science on earth? The US doesn't even have universal
               | healthcare, so we can't pretend the US has some deep love
               | for protecting its people.
        
               | tsol wrote:
               | >People already volunteer to participate in clinical
               | trials,
               | 
               | For medications they need. But to one is going to want to
               | test the next generation of antihistamines, for example,
               | when there's a safe alternative with a few side effects.
               | So the only medications that people would be willing to
               | test would be those for deadly diseases.
               | 
               | >for example, in my country, you cannot be paid for
               | participation in a clinical trial
               | 
               | Why would anyone volunteer to take experimental drugs for
               | nothing in return? The only reason would be in life and
               | death situations
               | 
               | >Why can't that apply to science on earth?
               | 
               | I don't know, but asking people to test drugs isn't gonna
               | convince anyone. We need a real alternative to make
               | progress. Hence, monkeys.
               | 
               | >The US doesn't even have universal healthcare, so we
               | can't pretend the US has some deep love for protecting
               | its people.
               | 
               | The FDA and medical boards do in fact try to maintain a
               | standard of medical ethics. >
        
               | FrenchDevRemote wrote:
               | >I don't know, but asking people to test drugs isn't
               | gonna convince anyone. We need a real alternative to make
               | progress. Hence, monkeys.
               | 
               | That's not an actual alternative.
               | 
               | It's like nazis saying they have a good alternative for
               | clinical trials: jews, romanis and gays.
               | 
               | Just because it's affecting a different group of sentient
               | beings doesn't mean it's an actual alternative, it's
               | effectively the same thing: violation of consent, abuse
               | and sequestration at a huge scale.
        
         | iancmceachern wrote:
         | Not to mention the upcoming wave of Xenotransplantation. The
         | gentleman receiving the pig heart transplant was only the
         | beginning. Now we have a genetically engineered, separate line
         | of swine specifically bred to provide us with spare parts on an
         | industrial scale.
         | 
         | What are the airlines view on these going to be, will they
         | transport a pig heart for human transplantation? Where does
         | that scenario fall?
        
         | iasay wrote:
         | If it's anything like the in-person discussions I've seen on
         | the matter it's not productive. I'm firmly polarised on one
         | side and was happy to sit in the sidelines and not say anything
         | on the matter in case I also got punched :(
        
       | bayindirh wrote:
       | Maybe this move would accelerate the computational biology a
       | little further, no?
       | 
       | BTW, I really welcome putting brakes on whole this animal testing
       | stuff. I'm not really comfortable that it's still going on.
        
         | Scandiravian wrote:
         | I have a background in drug development and computational
         | models
         | 
         | Computational models are decades, at the very least, away from
         | being a replacement for animal models
         | 
         | There is no replacement for animal models, except trials in
         | humans, so if the alternative is that we do more, riskier
         | trials on humans, then I'd much prefer animal testing
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | > There is no replacement for animal models, except trials in
           | humans, so if the alternative is that we do more, riskier
           | trials on humans, then I'd much prefer animal testing
           | 
           | Totally true, but, at the same time---
           | 
           | Computational models have prevented all kinds of unnecessary
           | animal testing of things that can be shown computationally to
           | be unlikely to work. So, computational models avoid us doing
           | more, riskier trials on animals.
           | 
           | Of course, we've not reduced animal testing-- instead we've
           | just pursued more compounds and ideas. I'd argue it's worth
           | it for speeding up the pace of medicine. But these things are
           | not completely orthogonal.
        
             | R0b0t1 wrote:
             | There is the chance the computational model is wrong.
        
               | iasay wrote:
               | The animal and human trials don't always go well either.
               | 
               | You only hear about the human trials that go wrong.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Yes, and there is the chance the animal model doesn't
               | represent human responses well, too.
               | 
               | We still use both to weed out treatments, for both
               | ethical and cost reasons. Better to errantly eliminate a
               | working drug occasionally than to let a lot of unhelpful
               | stuff through.
        
           | jonlucc wrote:
           | Just to add to this, the last thing that will be taken over
           | by computers is tox testing. This is the last step that says
           | "this drug is safe enough in primates to test in humans".
           | It's the most complicated type of animal testing, because it
           | is necessarily the interaction of every system in the body
           | that could cause a tox issue.
           | 
           | So sure, we use modeling, and it's getting better, but it's
           | not going to replace toxicology studies any time soon, unless
           | every other human system is replicated in silico first.
        
             | duckmysick wrote:
             | A comment by bsdz links a research paper and says that a
             | computer model for cardiotoxicity has higher accuracy than
             | animal models. The paper title mentions in silico as well.
             | 
             | Are those the same things you're talking about or is there
             | something I'm missing. I'm not that familiar with drug
             | development.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32048391
        
               | oaktrout wrote:
               | The paper linked by bsdz checks for one specific cardiac
               | side effect, it is not anywhere close to being a model
               | for cardiotoxicity as a whole, a very important
               | distinction.
        
               | duckmysick wrote:
               | Ok, that makes sense.
               | 
               | Is there a meta analysis of such models?
        
         | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
         | > Maybe this move would accelerate the computational biology a
         | little further, no?
         | 
         | As soon as your code passes unit tests, do you immediately push
         | to production?
         | 
         | And that is with computing where we have a really good
         | understanding of the fundamental principles.
         | 
         | Our understanding of biology is primitive by comparison.
         | 
         | Therefore we have multiple stages with trade offs of cost vs
         | fidelity to production (release to the general public in
         | humans) going from computation to cell cultures to tissue
         | samples to mice to non-human primates to phase 1/2/3 human
         | trials, etc.
        
       | rdl wrote:
       | Presumably there will be transport of monkeys for reasons other
       | than "research" to establish populations within Europe/US, then
       | use of monkeys from those populations (shipped overland) for
       | testing. Adds delay, and creates physical facilities vulnerable
       | to activist attack, but possibly better for monkeys.
       | 
       | Would be great if animal testing could continue to be minimized,
       | but I'd like to continue having the benefits of safe and
       | effective drugs. For somewhat irrational reasons I only really am
       | personally bothered by testing on cats; dogs, monkeys, etc. don't
       | particularly bother me, but I recognize this is irrational.
        
         | tsol wrote:
         | That, or its tested on humans instead. Neither seem like they'd
         | actually be more ethical in the end.
        
         | Symbiote wrote:
         | Animal testing is expensive, especially with primates, so it's
         | already minimised.
        
         | peyton wrote:
         | The priciest part I believe is the people taking care of the
         | monkeys. I'd wager it's easier to send them in unmarked crates.
        
       | goethes_kind wrote:
       | Personally, I find it morally questionable every time one of
       | these activist groups puts non-human life above human life,
       | whether it is a dog or a monkey, I don't care. Just feels wrong.
       | I guess I would not want to be neighbours with some weirdo who
       | would value my life equally to that of a monkey.
        
         | R0b0t1 wrote:
         | Saving the life of an animal over a human is murder.
        
         | ginko wrote:
         | There's close to 8 billion humans while there somewhere between
         | 172000 to 300000 wild chimpanzees. Surely the life of a
         | chimpanzee is _more_ valuable.
        
         | maxbond wrote:
         | This is a bad faith reading of what these activists want. It
         | amounts to a strawman. If you were their neighbor - you
         | probably wouldn't know it. Why should we be systematically
         | cruel to animals? Why shouldn't we develop technology that
         | replaces these techniques? Has it not even occurred to you that
         | we don't necessarily have to have a giant industry of animal
         | testing, that that is a local minima we don't have to accept?
         | 
         | Does that not seem morally questionable to you?
        
           | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
           | > This is a bad faith reading of what these activists want.
           | It amounts to a strawman.
           | 
           | Not it is not a straw man argument. Non-human primate trials
           | are the last stage before human testing. Eliminating non-
           | human primate trials will increase the risk for human
           | participants(unless they actually stop developing).
           | 
           | Our understanding of biology is nowhere near comprehensive
           | enough to be able to simulate all these interactions and
           | isn't likely to be for maybe a century.
           | 
           | So if you eliminate non-primate human testing, your options
           | are either to develop therapies at greater risk to humans, or
           | to stop developing them.
           | 
           | Either of those options hurts humans. Thus, you are placing
           | the well-being of non-human animals above the well-being of
           | humans.
        
             | maxbond wrote:
             | If people do not make it known that this behavior is
             | unacceptable, the alternative technology will not be
             | developed.
             | 
             | Industry would be happy to abuse animals until the end of
             | time.
             | 
             | Framing this as a _preference_ for one kind of life or
             | another is, in fact, a straw man. No such preference is
             | necessary to accept this line of reasoning.
        
             | oaktrout wrote:
             | I agree. I see this sort of misunderstanding commonly here.
             | Hacker news is filled with individuals who think computers
             | can solve all our problems, and at the same time they lack
             | the most basic understanding of the complexities of
             | biology.
        
           | colordrops wrote:
           | Not sure why you are getting downvoted - the GP is definitely
           | putting forth a heavy strawman. Wanting to stop animal
           | cruelty does not equate to believing that animal lives should
           | be put above human lives. There are more than the two options
           | of killing monkeys for testing or killing humans for testing.
        
             | maxbond wrote:
             | Downvotes come fast and upvotes come slow. I wasn't
             | surprised to see it hit zero immediately after I clicked
             | submit, or to see it climb back up to 1.
        
           | mertd wrote:
           | I don't want to take sides in this argument but just would
           | like to point out that our animal cruelty standards are
           | comically inconsistent. The animals that we use for food
           | supply are generally treated horribly and they outnumber the
           | scientific use cases by several orders of magnitude.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | Our standards for humans are pretty inconsistent too. There
             | are scenarios in which it is still legal to subject some
             | humans to slavery and death even in the US.
        
             | maxbond wrote:
             | This is true and if your argument was that we should be
             | spending more effort there then addressing scientific use
             | than that'd make sense to me.
             | 
             | But if what you're suggesting is that we should expend our
             | effort exclusively on the larger of the two until it is
             | fully addressed, then I can see how that has a certain
             | logical appeal, but it isn't really how social movements
             | work. Social movements are necessarily massively parallel,
             | everyone pursues the causes they care about most, and
             | adjacent causes support and are supported by one another.
             | 
             | Not only would it not be feasible to convince all the
             | activists to pick one particular cause, it also would be
             | less effective. It's sort of like the "packing" tactic in
             | gerrymandering.
        
               | mertd wrote:
               | People are free to take up whatever cause they deem is
               | worthy. I just hope some will take a pause and appreciate
               | the absurdity of drinking milk and consuming meat AND
               | opposing use of animals in medical research.
               | 
               | I have flown with Air France recently. They certainly do
               | serve a lot of meat and cheese.
        
               | maxbond wrote:
               | Okay. Why? What are you hoping they'll realize? What is
               | it you are trying to say?
               | 
               | Pardon me, but it feels like you're engaging in a certain
               | rhetorical tactic where you all-but make a conclusion -
               | you say, I'm not taking any sides, I just want you to
               | consider X, Y, and Z that would naturally lead you to a
               | certain conclusion which I definitely haven't made
               | myself. This serves to launder your conclusion through
               | your audience, as if it were their idea all along. It
               | shields your ideas from criticism and the hazard of
               | taking a position that may be argued against.
               | 
               | And whether or not that is intentional, I'd ask you to
               | stop. I have made specific claims which can be argued
               | against - it's pretty unfair for you to respond in a way
               | that, should I try to argue against it, just shifts
               | around without really responding to what I am saying.
               | 
               | Speaking for myself, while I do eat some cheese, I
               | haven't eaten meat in almost a decade, and I've found I
               | genuinely prefer almond milk. I'm fully aware of the
               | hazards and contradictions in my life. I don't really
               | need you to point these things out to me for me to
               | consider them. We live in a society where each of us is
               | unable to fully live out their values. I'm positive that,
               | if you applied the same scrutiny to your own life, you'd
               | find similar problems. But of course that doesn't mean
               | you don't believe in your values, only that you are a
               | human being who is not omnipotent. It's pretty odd to try
               | and turn that around on another person, right? Almost
               | like criticizing them for breathing.
        
           | duckmysick wrote:
           | > Why shouldn't we develop technology that replaces these
           | techniques?
           | 
           | We absolutely should.
           | 
           | What do we do until such technology is developed?
        
             | j-pb wrote:
             | Use worse/more expensive versions of the technology.
             | 
             | The stuff is already here, it's just inertia that's keeping
             | us from fully adopting it.
        
               | tsol wrote:
               | But it literally isn't here. We need live organisms to
               | test drugs, we can't do it all on computer chips and
               | disconnected cells
        
               | duckmysick wrote:
               | If it was just inertia, it means the options have similar
               | outcomes and the only factor is the cost of switching. As
               | you pointed out, there are other trade-offs.
        
               | oaktrout wrote:
               | I have to think that computational models will be
               | infinitely cheaper than animal testing. If they worked as
               | well as animal testing surely some for profit
               | pharmaceutical company would leverage them to reap
               | enormous profits. Because this is not happening I
               | conclude the the models aren't as affective.
        
             | maxbond wrote:
             | We'll have to do animal testing until the technology is
             | developed and replace it incrementally. The technology will
             | not be developed unless it is made explicit that not doing
             | so is unacceptable.
        
         | timeon wrote:
         | > puts non-human life above human life
         | 
         | Well my pet has EU passport unlike my friend from Macedonia.
        
         | andyjohnson0 wrote:
         | Care to expand on why you feel this way about different
         | species?
         | 
         | > some weirdo who would value my life equally to that of a
         | monkey
         | 
         | Do you feel this over-values the monkey's life or devalues
         | yours? Or is it something else?
        
         | varajelle wrote:
         | What about activist who put non-"your-country"-citizen live
         | above "your-country"-citizen life? Why don't that feels wrong?
        
         | pflenker wrote:
         | Not saying that I share these arguments, but the thinking is
         | usually not to put non-human life over , but on the same level
         | as human life.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | I personally don't place one side over the other, and decided
         | to admit that we sometimes kill lives for our own ego.
         | 
         | The only true alternative to that is an act of self harm, and
         | that is not free from egoism either, so I just don't think too
         | much and enjoy my life, only following my own inner voice as to
         | what choices would be ethical to make.
        
           | maxbond wrote:
           | We are not compelled to either kill or do self harm, no. That
           | is a really concerning dichotomy to suggest.
           | 
           | Do you feel this is a choice you are compelled to make? I
           | don't mean to presume, but I'm going to proceed as if it were
           | affirmative, because I don't anticipate a response, and this
           | seems concerning.
           | 
           | That sounds perhaps like intrusive thoughts? I personally
           | struggle with intrusive thoughts that are occasionally
           | violent. They do not need to be acted upon though, and they
           | don't reflect on who you are much more than a compression
           | artifact in a video reflects on the cinematographer - it's
           | line noise in your brain, it's incredibly complex and
           | sometimes throws out signals that aren't useful.
           | 
           | If you feel this way and that it isn't within your control,
           | I'd encourage you to speak with a professional.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | My thinking is that we are in fact constantly compelled to
             | take _some_ lives(thankfully not of our own kinds) by very
             | our own existence. We only exist by consuming energy and
             | energy only comes as some form of exploitation of other
             | lives, even if one had been exclusively consuming fruit on
             | trees that exist to be eaten, unless such hypothetical man
             | is a thinking solar panel in vacuum of space that can
             | convert light into its own energy.
             | 
             | That dark part is not serious - at least not in this
             | context. That's just an extreme example, but the point is
             | we do not exist without the karma of our body.
        
       | goldenkey wrote:
       | That's right, the chance of saving a human life is not equal to
       | horrid abuse of other lives, in all but the most twisted
       | utilitarianist, sapien-centric models.
       | 
       | Animal testing is a moral quandary. Rats, even if they weren't
       | intelligent (which they are), don't deserve the tortures we put
       | them through.
       | 
       | Gender identity and sentient AI equality have become fenceposts
       | for our populist cross-dressing Musk-rat technocratic movement -
       | but somehow, for many among us, animal rights still doesn't fit
       | in...
       | 
       | The ends do not justify the means. Feminism and equality means
       | giving a voice to those who cannot be heard - women, minorities,
       | LGBTQ, and yes, primates and other animals. You must follow your
       | precepts to their logical conclusions. Otherwise, you are not for
       | true equality, and instead are for convenient equality, shackled
       | to time and place, not forward thinking.
        
         | cphoover wrote:
         | So you volunteer to replace the monkeys in experimental drug
         | research?
        
           | goldenkey wrote:
           | No, I'd prefer to remain free. But at least you are asking
           | for consent - that's a start in the right direction!
           | 
           | Consent - something which the monkeys have not given.
           | Something which their world-splitting cries of agony,
           | anguish, and tortured existence, clearly indicate. It appears
           | their disposition to being used as biological pin cushions is
           | quite oppositional, one could say their entire life is
           | dedicated to saying "No."
           | 
           | Imagine a life dedicated to saying "No." Your mind is
           | disoriented, deteriorating. The world is spinning, and your
           | insides are churning, throbbing, and burning with the pain of
           | a thousand suns. Your skin is peeling, your muscles ache,
           | your bones dull with a hollow pain, and your body feels like
           | it isn't even yours. Implants and incisions, scars and scabs,
           | your body riddled with pockmarks.
           | 
           | It sounds laborious and awful, more than nightmarish.
           | 
           | Would you volunteer for it?
        
             | peoplefromibiza wrote:
             | > . But at least you are asking for consent
             | 
             | trials are not about who's willing to partecipate, but
             | about the best model available.
             | 
             | monkeys are not asked for consent, true, but they're not
             | picked at random either, because it would be useless.
             | 
             | There's also another matter: who's gonna consent to
             | participate to trials in your proposal, rich people or
             | poorer people?
             | 
             | An finally, how would you ask for consent to monkeys?
             | 
             | Do you ask mosquitos to leave before killing them?
             | 
             | Last but not least, do animals reciprocate those feelings?
             | 
             | Do they ask for consent before exploiting other animals?
        
               | cute_boi wrote:
               | As long as we can avoid mosquito we should. That's why I
               | still prefer nets and repellent creams. However, I am not
               | going to judge if some people kills mosquito that sucks
               | their blood or spread dangerous diseases like malaria.
               | 
               | Comparing monkeys with mosquitos is kind of disingenuous.
               | How many monkeys have killed people in 2022 compared to
               | mosquito?
               | 
               | Lastly, many research takes place for beauty creams,
               | shampoo etc.. that are total useless. There are also many
               | research were animal are disregarded as useless. Maybe
               | sustainable research is needed instead of dumping them
               | uselessly?
               | 
               | Thanks!
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | > Lastly, many research takes place for beauty creams,
               | shampoo etc.. that are total useless.
               | 
               | That's a popular argument, but it's a false premise.
               | 
               | If the objective is saving animals, why don't we ban
               | flight transport altogether ?
               | 
               | It kills, directly and indirectly, a lot more ( _a LOT
               | more!_ ) animals than medical trials will ever do.
               | 
               | In the end it's mostly people going on holidays, it's
               | useless.
        
               | goldenkey wrote:
               | We're for reducing suffering, not reducing death - the
               | latter befalls everyone and everything.
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | I'm good with it.
        
               | goldenkey wrote:
               | https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Just_asking_questions
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gish_gallop
               | 
               | Do you always debate in a dishonest fashion?
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | > Do you always debate in a dishonest fashion?
               | 
               | I'm simply not an English native speaker.
               | 
               | So the question goes right back at you, I guess.
               | 
               | Would you prefer to argue in Italian?
               | 
               | I can be much more precise in my native tongue.
               | 
               | p.s. please remind me what false arguments I provided. It
               | would be much appreciated. thanks.
        
               | will5421 wrote:
               | > There's also another matter: who's gonna consent to
               | participate to trials in your proposal, rich people or
               | poorer people?
               | 
               | Probably those who want the benefit of the medication
               | badly enough.
        
               | tsol wrote:
               | So not poor people, but desperate people? That's just a
               | different sort of problematic
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | > Probably those who want the benefit of the medication
               | badly enough.
               | 
               | it doesn't make them good models anyway.
               | 
               | not better than peaking up a random animal from the zoo
               | or a random. human from the population.
               | 
               | in fact access to experimental trials is not on a consent
               | only basis, patients need to adhere to some parameter.
               | 
               | for example: my mother in law was rendered almost blind
               | by a degenerative disease.
               | 
               | She volunteered for an experimental trial on a new
               | treatment but she was too old and her condition too
               | advanced to be a suitable candidate. She was fully
               | willing to be part of it, but consent alone wasn't
               | enough.
        
               | will5421 wrote:
               | Sometimes, people will be suitable candidates, and
               | sometimes they won't. In the cases they aren't, we'd just
               | have to accept that this will slow down the development
               | of the medication.
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | and that's exactly how it works now.
               | 
               | I'm not happy we have to rely on animals, believe me, but
               | suitable patients are already hard to find, if we don't
               | test drugs for at least a reasonable definition of safe,
               | we risk to kill the research, not simply slowing it down.
               | 
               | and that's much more probable for those diseases that are
               | rare on humans, that are already underfunded and under
               | researched.
        
             | tsol wrote:
             | The problem with consent is it can easily be pressured. The
             | only people that will consent to being tested on are people
             | that are really desperate. I mean by that logic instead of
             | testing on monkeys, we should test on hungry third world
             | children. They'd surely consent to keep for starving to
             | death. And because it's consensual, we're much more moral
             | than if we tested them on monkeys. What a moral paradise!
        
               | goldenkey wrote:
               | By consent I meant, without duress, which I thought was
               | pretty clear. We can quibble about what represents "true"
               | consent but that's aside the point since it is clear that
               | imprisoning and torturing animals is nonconsensual, not
               | in any grey area. In the theory of socialism, consenting
               | to working is illegitimate since the alternative is
               | homelessness.
               | 
               | Do you have any actual arguments or just hypothetical
               | slippery slopes?
               | 
               | https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/logicalfallacies/Appe
               | al-...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacies_of_definition
        
             | nikanj wrote:
             | The way we do consent is "find the poor and the destitute,
             | the ones who have no other options left". Consent given
             | under duress is not real consent.
        
             | ominous wrote:
             | > Imagine a life dedicated to saying "No." Your mind is
             | disoriented, deteriorating. The world is spinning, and your
             | insides are churning, throbbing, and burning with the pain
             | of a thousand suns. Your skin is peeling, your muscles
             | ache, your bones dull with a hollow pain, and your body
             | feels like it isn't even yours. Implants and incisions,
             | scars and scabs, your body riddled with pockmarks.
             | 
             | > It sounds laborious and awful, more than nightmarish.
             | 
             | Powerful stuff. I agree this suffering should be reduced.
             | 
             | https://web.archive.org/web/20200203215527/http://www.xenos
             | y...
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | > Imagine a life dedicated to saying "No." Your mind is
             | disoriented, deteriorating. The world is spinning, and your
             | insides are churning, throbbing, and burning with the pain
             | of a thousand suns. Your skin is peeling, your muscles
             | ache, your bones dull with a hollow pain, and your body
             | feels like it isn't even yours. Implants and incisions,
             | scars and scabs, your body riddled with pockmarks.
             | 
             | Representing this as typical of the research animal
             | experience is disingenuous. You should be able to make your
             | argument without resorting to hyperbole.
             | 
             | We're talking about monkeys, whose biggest use in recent
             | research was in vaccine development. So e.g. Rhesus
             | macaques were given injections of vaccine candidates (and
             | convalescent plasma, etc), and then immune responses were
             | measured. Some were then exposed to SARS-COV-2 to determine
             | if the vaccines were effective. SARS-COV-2 produces much
             | less severe illness in macaques than humans.
        
               | goldenkey wrote:
               | I've experienced an allergic reaction to medication
               | before. It was the worst hour of my entire life until I
               | had an injection of Benadryl. Every moment, I felt like
               | I'd rather be dead than experience another moment of the
               | agony.
               | 
               | So sure, experimentation effects may vary but the upper
               | limit is fucking brutal and definitely depends on what
               | stage the drug is in. Early on in development, the
               | effects could be worse than death.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > So sure, experimentation effects may vary but the upper
               | limit is fucking brutal and definitely depends on what
               | stage the drug is in. Early on in development, the
               | effects could be worse than death.
               | 
               | So could the effects of e.g. life in the wild. Anything
               | can go very badly.
               | 
               | IMO: You can't be completely blind to the utilitarian
               | angle. The average and distribution of outcomes matters.
               | 
               | So, we go through an escalating series of tests--
               | designed to both weed-out drugs cheaply and to avoid
               | suffering; from conceptual models to computation to
               | tissue cultures to organ models to small animals to
               | larger animals to small numbers of humans to large
               | numbers of humans.
               | 
               | If you weed out the last couple of steps before humans,
               | you're going to either try a lot fewer drugs on humans,
               | or increase human suffering a whole lot to protect
               | smaller animals.
        
             | peoplefromibiza wrote:
             | > . But at least you are asking for consent
             | 
             | trials are not about who's willing to partecipate, but
             | about the best model available.
             | 
             | monkeys are not asked for consent, true, but they're not
             | picked at random either, because it would be useless.
             | 
             | There's also another matter: who's gonna consent to
             | participate to trials in your proposal, rich people or
             | poorer people?
             | 
             | An finally, how would you ask for consent to monkeys?
             | 
             | Do you ask mosquitos to leave before killing them?
             | 
             | edit: what really baffles me about this discussions is how
             | much the mood of the population swings.
             | 
             | We have seen literally revolts on the streets against COVID
             | vaccines being a _way to force untested drugs onto the
             | people_ but at the same time people complain that there is
             | too much testing on _non people_
        
               | karpierz wrote:
               | > trials are not about who's willing to partecipate, but
               | about the best model available.
               | 
               | Wait, then why aren't we using humans? Humans are the
               | best model available for human biology, no?
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | > Wait, then why aren't we using humans?
               | 
               | because we can't and do not want to artificially breed
               | and engineer humans for that purpose.
               | 
               | we don't grow kids with rare diseases or tumors just to
               | make them suitable models, not counting how long it would
               | take.
               | 
               | but if you prefer it...
        
               | karpierz wrote:
               | You're assuming your conclusion in your premise.
               | 
               | The question is "should monkeys be available for
               | research?"
               | 
               | You state that "we should use the best models available",
               | therefore we should use monkeys for research. But this
               | assumes that monkeys are available in the first place! It
               | doesn't show that we should experiment on monkeys, just
               | that we currently do.
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | > You state that "we should use the best models
               | available", therefore we should use monkeys for research.
               | 
               | unless you want to test drugs' safety on the actual best
               | model available, they are the second best model
               | available.
               | 
               | > that monkeys are available in the first place!
               | 
               | they are not available as in nature, they are bred to be
               | available.
               | 
               | we're not going to some rain forest to capture them in
               | the wild.
               | 
               | we could do the same with humans, in fact Nazis did it
               | and it worked remarkably well, ethics issues aside.
               | 
               | Anyway, only a few thousands monkeys are used in trials
               | and most of them in non lethal (they do not risk to die)
               | trials, for a short period of time.
               | 
               | Most of the animals used are not primates.
               | 
               | Even assuming researches and pharmaceutical companies are
               | evil and have the worst intentions, monkeys are the most
               | expensive option and it takes a lot of times to breed
               | them, a true evil entity wouldn't waste all that money
               | and time, when a rat gestation time is 21 days and they
               | mature in a few weeks.
        
         | tsol wrote:
         | >Feminism and equality means giving a voice to those who cannot
         | be heard - women, minorities, LGBTQ, and yes, primates and
         | other animals.
         | 
         | Just want to point out something I've noticed. Everyone has a
         | different idea of what exactly feminism is, and everyone thinks
         | their idea of feminism is obviously the real one.
        
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