[HN Gopher] El Salvador's Experiment with Bitcoin as Legal Tender
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       El Salvador's Experiment with Bitcoin as Legal Tender
        
       Author : Bostonian
       Score  : 42 points
       Date   : 2022-07-06 20:33 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nber.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nber.org)
        
       | Barrera wrote:
       | > In theory, developing nations like El Salvador are ideal
       | candidates for cryptocurrency adoption. More than half its
       | citizens rely exclusively on cash, rather than credit or debit
       | cards. Some 70 percent of households have no bank account and
       | nearly 90 percent do not use mobile banking. A digital payment
       | platform could be a way to make the economy more inclusive and
       | accessible.
       | 
       | I have a really hard time understanding what lasting effect El
       | Salvador hopes to accomplish.
       | 
       | > More than half its citizens rely exclusively on cash rather
       | than credit or debit cards
       | 
       | That's not in itself a problem.
       | 
       | > Some 70 percent of households have no bank account
       | 
       | That's may be a problem, but is it something that Bitcoin itself
       | can solve? For example, people who have no savings and survive
       | hand-to-mouth really don't need a bank account. Maybe that's what
       | the 70% statistic is telling us.
       | 
       | > and nearly 90 percent do not use mobile banking.
       | 
       | The experience of using bitcoin for most people is not unlike the
       | experience of using a mobile banking app. What is it about
       | Bitcoin in particular that makes it a better fit?
       | 
       | > A digital payment platform could be a way to make the economy
       | more inclusive and accessible.
       | 
       | Possibly, but only if the reasons for lack of inclusivity and
       | accessibility are understood, and Bitcoin is compatible with
       | resolving them. If the reasons are social/political, Bitcoin is
       | not going to help at all. Monetary policy is effectively set
       | elsewhere, either Washington or the Internet through the Bitcoin
       | protocol. Being the hardest form of money ever created, bitcoin
       | is especially bad at funding public works projects like the kind
       | El Salvador is going to need to elevate its standard of living.
       | 
       | Then there's the elephant in the room: money printing. El
       | Salvador has no currency of its own. It uses the US dollar, and
       | now Bitcoin. This means that the government has voluntarily
       | foregone the ability to print the money to cover the debts
       | incurred for domestic spending. Adding Bitcoin just doubles down
       | on the status quo: no domestic currency and no possibility of
       | money printing.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | The real feature they want is the ability to receive
         | remittances without the high fees caused by retail labor. This
         | requires some kind of app whether it's online banking or
         | crypto.
        
           | el-salvador wrote:
           | We've had this for about three years in El Salvador.
           | 
           | 1. Download banking app
           | 
           | 2. Open an account by taking a selfie and a picture of the
           | national ID card.
           | 
           | 3. Go to " Receive Remmitance Option", type the remmitance
           | code/MTCN.
           | 
           | 4. Remmittance in your acount.
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | Do you know why people aren't using it? How hard is it to
             | get an ID card?
        
       | pastor_bob wrote:
       | Wouldn't be surprised if El Salvador's bitcoin holdings move to
       | some unknown wallets when Nayib Bukele's time as president is up.
        
         | el-salvador wrote:
         | El Salvador's current bitcoin wallets are unknown.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | iliekcomputers wrote:
       | I never really understood what incentive a government had to
       | recognize bitcoin as legal tender. There are no real benefits
       | over something like UPI in terms of user UX. It takes things out
       | of the government's hands, as it's harder to print money.
        
         | overtonwhy wrote:
         | Presumably people in the government got bribed. Did they also
         | make their banking system crypto friendly?
        
           | el-salvador wrote:
           | > Did they also make their banking system crypto friendly?
           | 
           | El Salvador banks don't exchange or accept bitcoin as
           | deposit. Some of them accept bitcoin for loan payments, via
           | an external payment processor.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _never really understood what incentive a government had to
         | recognize bitcoin as legal tender_
         | 
         | El Salvador is very corrupt, in the neighborhood of Sierra
         | Leone and Algeria [1]. It is unclear to what degree the state
         | has a monopoly on violence [2]. Bitcoin is a precedented dark
         | money channel.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2021/index/slv
         | 
         | [2] https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/why-has-gang-violence-spiked-
         | el...
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | The wrong (but popular) answer is to say that this is a move to
         | break El Salvador's reliance on the USD--the USD still remains
         | legal tender in El Salvador, and from what I can tell, there is
         | absolutely no movement whatsoever towards things like pricing
         | in Bitcoin in lieu of USD or other steps that would insulate El
         | Salvador from US monetary policy.
         | 
         | The charitable answer I would give is that Bukele hoped to
         | attract cryptocurrency investors with the move, perhaps to
         | supplement existing institutional investors who haven't been
         | happy with some of Bukele's policies.
         | 
         | The uncharitable answer I would give is that Bukele is trying
         | to innovate and translate core cryptocurrency strategies of
         | extracting money from people's pockets into extracting money
         | from El Salvador's citizens' pockets.
        
         | thesausageking wrote:
         | El Salvador is a USD-based economy and does not have their own
         | currency. This means they're at the whims of the US Federal
         | Reserve, which they have representation with. And any USD
         | reserves that are abroad can be seized by the US, as
         | Afghanistan ($7B seized) and Russia ($300B seized) learned
         | recently.
         | 
         | Bukele is promoting BTC as a way to attract talent and capital,
         | and also to modernize El Salvador's economy. Similar to how
         | Africa skipped landlines and jumped right to mobile phones. It
         | remains to be seen how effective that part is. But, either way,
         | it gives El Salvador some more independence from the US and
         | sovereignty in a world where alliances are shifting fast.
        
           | fny wrote:
           | It's a patently stupid strategy over the long run though.
           | Abandonment of ones own currency is suicide regardless of
           | whether it's USD or Bitcoin. And clearly, Bitcoin did not
           | help El Salvador improve it's financing situation: the
           | Bitcoin bond they tried to push was a complete flop.
           | Argentina has a way better model: they control their money,
           | they've defaulted repeatedly, the currency has magically
           | remained stable, and everyone comes back after each default.
           | 
           | Another massive issue is that as a currency with an inelastic
           | supply Bitcoin price volatility is guaranteed to remain
           | unstable. This is not a desirable feature for any currency.
        
           | 0xB31B1B wrote:
           | Bukele is promoting BTC as a sort of crony
           | capitalism/kleptocrat play. This is not a high minded
           | "advancing society" play.
        
           | walrus01 wrote:
           | > as Afghanistan ($7B seized)
           | 
           | This is because the Taliban is a terrorist organization that
           | captured the capitol, not a government. You don't give $7bn
           | to al qaeda, ISIS or lashkar-e-taiba either.
           | 
           | You can thank Trump and Pompeo and their plan to withdraw
           | 100% of US forces by a fixed deadline for that (removing all
           | support for the afghan government's armed forces), and Biden
           | for going along with the foolish plan.
        
             | guelo wrote:
             | I would also blame Trump's relentless political attacks
             | about Obama returning Iran's assets. And Biden's political
             | cowardice after the Afghan collapse. All of it is reducing
             | trust in US's supposed rules-based institutions. US is
             | speedrunning through the fall of an empire
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | daemoens wrote:
             | While all this is true, his point still stands. The US
             | still has the ability to seize your country's money at
             | will.
        
               | ForHackernews wrote:
               | ...if you keep it in US banks (because you can't trust
               | your own corrupt local financial system).
        
               | anonporridge wrote:
               | Almost all USD now is electronic, and control of movement
               | of those dollars is entirely controlled by the single
               | master node of Washington D.C.
               | 
               | Russia defaulted on their USD loans, not because they
               | don't have dollars, but because the US won't allow them
               | to pay.
        
               | giaour wrote:
               | Russia _also_ defaulted because it can 't pay (in any
               | currency) parties that are barred by sanctions from
               | transacting with the Russian government. It wouldn't
               | matter if Russia were able to ship paper USD to their
               | creditors; the creditors cannot accept that payment.
        
             | anonporridge wrote:
             | I really don't want to defend the Taliban, but the core of
             | any government is the group that maintains a monopoly on
             | violence in a realm.
             | 
             | The pre-Taliban government of Afghanistan as well as the US
             | puppet state in 2021 failed in this core responsibility,
             | and consequently lost the right to govern. Whether or not
             | the Taliban will produce a stable or good government is a
             | different question. I personally weep for those forced to
             | live under it's rule.
             | 
             | It would make about as much sense to say the United States
             | in 1783 was not a government, but a terrorist organization
             | that attacked the rightful British government of the
             | American colonies. The British lost the right to govern
             | when they failed to maintain their monopoly on violence in
             | the American colonies, and a new governmental organization
             | formed from the ashes of the war that proved it.
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | > And any USD reserves that are abroad can be seized by the
           | US
           | 
           | That doesn't have anything to do with USD. _Any_ reserves (or
           | really any asset) that is outside the country 's jurisdiction
           | can be seized by a foreign one. El Salvador could as easily
           | lose all their Bitcoin reserves if they held them in a
           | Coinbase wallet, for example.
        
             | makomk wrote:
             | It absolutely does have to do with USD. Other than actual
             | physical dollar bills, which do not scale and are not
             | practical to use for long-distance international
             | transactions, the only form that real redeemable USD can
             | exist in is deposits with the Fed which can be seized by
             | the US. This is a fundamental property of using the US
             | dollar as your country's currency.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _absolutely does have to do with USD_
               | 
               | Comment you're responding to is saying this is not unique
               | to U.S. dollars. All currencies are controlled by their
               | issuing sovereigns.
               | 
               | Separately, the idea that Bitcoin is unsanctionable is
               | laughable. It may require enabling legislation. But
               | marking wallets as sanctioned, and threatening any
               | wallets that transact with it to be either similarly
               | sanctioned or subject to heightened scrutiny, would
               | diminish the value of those coins relative to coins which
               | can be freely traded with anyone. Given the public nature
               | of the blockchain, enforcement would likely be easier
               | than _e.g._ enforcing an Iranian oil embargo.
        
               | giaour wrote:
               | > But marking wallets as sanctioned, and threatening any
               | wallets that transact with it to be either similarly
               | sanctioned or subject to heightened scrutiny, would
               | diminish the value of those coins relative to coins which
               | can be freely traded with anyone
               | 
               | Doesn't this already happen? Basically any bitcoin that
               | comes out of a tumbler or any wallet address that has
               | transacted with tumbled coins is banned on KYC exchanges:
               | https://sethforprivacy.com/posts/fungibility-graveyard/
        
         | Spellman wrote:
         | The Libertarians would argue that the government not being able
         | to print money is the feature and can build trust in the
         | currency
        
           | Geee wrote:
           | In addition, bitcoin limits government power. Most
           | autocracies fund their operations with inflation. Even in
           | liberal democracies, deficit spending funded with inflation
           | is not really what people have voted for. People are fine
           | with taxes to the extent they have voted for them, but that
           | should be enough. Inflation is a way to covertly siphon
           | wealth from citizens on top of tax revenues.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _autocracies fund their operations with inflation_
             | 
             | There is limited evidence for connecting countries' foreign
             | debt levels to their degree of democratization [1].
             | 
             | More pointedly, there is ample evidence--millenia of it!--
             | for empires on commodity money waging war and whatnot and
             | having a fine time of it.
             | 
             | > _deficit spending funded with inflation is not really
             | what people have voted for_
             | 
             | Deficit spending / bond issuance is voted on at multiple
             | levels of government practically every cycle. People _have_
             | voted for this. Because the alternative is austerity, and
             | fanatical governments that pursue that for its own sake
             | tend to get replaced.
             | 
             | [1] https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/68966375/bf002246
             | 81202...
        
               | Geee wrote:
               | Well, you are right in that people usually do vote for
               | more government spending. The problem exists in all kinds
               | of governments.
               | 
               | Anyway, my point was that bitcoin can limit government
               | spending and protect individuals against inflation due to
               | government spending. It doesn't mean that a rich nation
               | couldn't wage war.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | I am not sure what libertarian really means but the idea that
           | the rich of the past deserve to control the present and
           | future strikes me as secretly authoritarian.
        
             | anonporridge wrote:
             | Except in bitcoin, having a large share from the past
             | doesn't directly confer control in the present, since it's
             | not a proof of stake system.
             | 
             | If it's actually used as a currency, a person with a large
             | stockpile will gradually lose their relative share over
             | time as they consume, since you don't generate interest on
             | it.
             | 
             | It's also confusing to me that people can hold the
             | cognitive dissonance of defending a post gold standard,
             | infinitely inflatable currency with a negative view income
             | inequality, which only started increasing drastically after
             | we abandoned the gold standard.
             | 
             | An inflationary currency benefits the wealthy asset owners
             | more than the working class almost by design. Asset owners
             | get to borrow against their assets and pay it back in a
             | depreciating currency, while at the same time getting to
             | use a psychological magic trick to make poorly educated
             | employees think they're getting a pay raise, when in real
             | terms they're getting a pay cut.
             | 
             | If I was a greedy rich person who wanted to make sure I
             | could never lose my wealth, I would build a financial
             | system on a currency that inflates away by design.
        
             | vlunkr wrote:
             | You could have stopped after "I am not sure what
             | libertarian really means"
        
             | tokai wrote:
             | Might even call it crypto-fascism lol
        
             | chrisco255 wrote:
             | What does that even mean? Is there any fiat currency system
             | you can point to where elite insiders don't get special
             | access to the money printer before us plebs do?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | andrewmutz wrote:
           | History has repeatedly shown that being able to print money
           | is a critical tool during financial crises. No one likes
           | their money being debased, but they like economic depressions
           | even less.
           | 
           | There is a reason that nations have abandoned the gold
           | standard.
        
             | jkepler wrote:
             | Gold's physical characteristics tended towards
             | centralization. Centralizing gave the institutions
             | controlling the gold strong incentives to allow debasement
             | of gold-backed money, as it gave those institutions
             | handsome profits and strong political control.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | But you could more easily "not print money" by making the
           | Euro or US Dollar your currency.
        
             | makomk wrote:
             | As people have pointed out this means that the US or
             | wherever can print money and controls your monetary policy,
             | but that's actually the least of the problems. Euros and US
             | Dollars in large quantities, and digitally transferrable
             | versions of them, can essentially only exist as numbers in
             | databases controlled by the US and EU government
             | respectively. So by adopting them as your country's
             | currency, you're effectively giving them control over _your
             | money_. They get to decide whether it continues to exist,
             | whether you get to access it, whether it gets transferred
             | to some well-connected megacorporations in those countries
             | that bribed your former leader into a dodgy deal... In
             | short, it gives a whole bunch of control to powerful
             | entities who have tended to use their powers in ways that
             | have not been good for developing countries at all.
        
             | jdminhbg wrote:
             | Sure, but the ECB or Federal Reserve can print money, and
             | you don't control them. If your goal is a mathematically
             | guaranteed money supply (this would not be my goal, fwiw),
             | BTC is superior.
        
               | avrionov wrote:
               | The supply is mathematically guaranteed, but the price
               | fluctuates more than the dollar.
        
             | Spellman wrote:
             | Because then you're beholden to another country, which may
             | be hostile to your country, and their money printer.
             | 
             | With Bitcoin, no one has control!
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > With Bitcoin, no one has control!
               | 
               | Well, until a little over 50% of the miners decide they
               | don't like you.
               | 
               | Ethereum's fork proved "no one has control" is an
               | illusion.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | Bitcoin also famously forked into BTC and BCH. And
               | Ethereum Classic is still ticking away printing blocks.
               | Forks are a feature, not a bug.
        
               | ForHackernews wrote:
               | Forks promise an infinite, ever-growing supply of
               | deflationary digital scarcity.
        
               | jkepler wrote:
               | Ethereum is not Bitcoin. Ethereum just showed the world
               | Botcoin's unique value compared to Ethereum and the
               | thousands of crypto projects so often conflated with
               | Bitcoin.
               | 
               | The 2017 Bitcoin scaling wars proved that one can't
               | simply change Bitcoin's consensus rules by majority
               | control of the miners. I think at one point 80% of the
               | miners were in favor of large blocks, yet they didn't
               | have buy-in from the rest of the network participants
               | (developers, regular users, merchants, exchanges).
               | 
               | Bitcoin has really robust decentralization.
        
             | schemescape wrote:
             | El Salvador already uses the US dollar, but it has no
             | control over what the US does to its money supply.
        
               | altarius wrote:
               | Correct, but historically the price had been stable and
               | predictable.
               | 
               | Imo you're just trading "beholden to the usgovt" with
               | "beholden to miners, whales and wall street" plus wild
               | price swings. Former or latter may be preferable for
               | certain reasons, but for fiscal stability or day-to-day
               | use the choice seems obvious to me.
        
             | eftychis wrote:
             | If you are using another country's currency you are tied to
             | their monetary and indirectly fiscal policy which most
             | likely does not align to yours.
             | 
             | In fact trying to get a neutral or deflationary currency is
             | a no brainer. Especially, if you have a small banking
             | system/network.
             | 
             | Of course there are gotchas.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | You are always tied to the monetary and fiscal policy of
               | the majority of a currency's participants.
               | 
               | Can you make your own currency? Of course. How will you
               | back it? Who will trust it? Who governs those policies?
               | These are people problems people want to solve without
               | people (crypto folks), with expected results (speed
               | running financial regulation). They came at the king
               | (reserve currencies) and missed by a mile.
        
             | louloulou wrote:
             | The US dollar was el Salvador's currency. They are trying
             | to diversify away from that total dependence.
        
       | rmac wrote:
       | according to this article, 22% of el salvadorians knew about this
       | app and didn't download it. Considering the following incentives:
       | 
       | 1) free conversion from btc to usd 2) large discounts for
       | purchases of gasoline using btc 3) no bank account or a credit
       | card needed
       | 
       | This blows my mind. The reasons stated were:
       | 
       | 'Among the one in five Salvadorans who knew about Chivo but did
       | not download it, the top reason was a preference for using cash.
       | Others said they did not trust the system or bitcoin, they did
       | not own a phone with internet, or the technology was
       | complicated.'
       | 
       | I was just in El Cuco, a small town in southern El Salvador. This
       | town has no bank and no ATM but they do have one of these Bitcoin
       | ATMs. I asked the hotel owner about it and ZERO PEOPLE HAD USED
       | IT. We are talking about free money here. My gut is telling me
       | it's mostly older folks who think it's too complicated to figure
       | out.
       | 
       | When freshly made tortillas are less than 5 us cents, and the
       | cost of gas is near $5/a gallon, I would have assumed _everyone_
       | would run for the free $30 in btc. Color me impressed.
        
         | schemescape wrote:
         | It would have been nice to see the prevalence of those reasons
         | for not downloading the app. Regardless, the article indicates
         | that 1/3 of residents didn't have the required technology
         | (mobile phone with internet access):
         | 
         | > Residents didn't need a bank account or a credit card to make
         | transactions, only a mobile phone with internet access,
         | something two-thirds of residents had.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Random banks in the USA offer way more than that (ranging from
         | $200-$1500) to open checking accounts and credit cards, yet
         | 300+ million people aren't jumping on the opportunity for free
         | money. For most it just isn't worth the trouble, especially
         | when you don't know what the hidden catch is.
        
         | themitigating wrote:
         | Imagine you are super busy working all the time living in a
         | country with a high amount of corruption. The government says
         | "Here's some free """money""" just get this app and sign up".
         | 
         | Maybe you could take the time to research it but let's be
         | honest, how the blockchain works is complicated to lay people.
         | Also the history of coin is littered with scams, maybe
         | different coins than btc but still.
         | 
         | You under estimate the fear the masses have of having the rug
         | pulled from under them, especially when some are just trying to
         | survive
        
         | logicalmonster wrote:
         | > according to this article, 22% of el salvadorians knew about
         | this app and didn't download it
         | 
         | Is it really surprising that Bitcoin isn't widely adopted in El
         | Salvador in just 1 year?
         | 
         | Bitcoin has been in existence for just 13 years. Even very
         | smart, technically minded people in economically prosperous
         | nations who heard about Bitcoin over a decade ago barely
         | understand the full implications of cryptocurrencies yet, to
         | say nothing of poorer and often uneducated people in a country
         | with some corruption and untrustworthy institutions.
         | 
         | Nobody can perfectly predict the future, but the story might be
         | radically different down the road.
        
           | pirate787 wrote:
           | Bitcoin has failed. It doesn't scale as a currency and its
           | not a store of value. The cost of mining is simply too
           | expensive and as an ecosystem its hemorrhaging a billion
           | dollars a month. What's the net present value of an asset
           | that loses a billion dollars a month, forever?
        
             | logicalmonster wrote:
             | Short it and gain free money if you're that confident.
        
           | ForHackernews wrote:
           | > Bitcoin has been in existence for just 13 years.
           | 
           | Yeah, imagine how small the adoption would be of some other
           | mysterious newfangled tech thing after only 13 years...
           | 
           | https://www.theverge.com/2015/4/27/8504033/apple-iphone-
           | sale...
        
         | IMTDb wrote:
         | > the top reason was a preference for using cash
         | 
         | With electronic transaction - and especially bitcoin - the
         | government knows what goes in and out since every transaction
         | is traceable. And with that info, they will be able to properly
         | tax you ! The goal of El Salvador here is to fight rampant tax
         | evasion by providing a fully traceable payment system.
         | Unsurprisingly, people are resisting that by using the best way
         | they know how: untraceable cash transaction and bartering.
        
           | el-salvador wrote:
           | > Unsurprisingly, people are resisting that by using the best
           | way they know how: untraceable cash transaction
           | 
           | El Salvador tracks cash transactions.
        
             | rory wrote:
             | Surely you mean _large_ cash transactions. If not, could
             | you explain how this works?
        
           | rmac wrote:
           | It would have been interesting if the journalist went a
           | little deeper and researched why the adoption rate was so
           | poor.
           | 
           | How hard was it for a middle aged farmer to actually download
           | and set up the app to get $30 out of it?
           | 
           | And to your point, how many citizens are using cash primarily
           | because its untraceable? When people say they prefer cash,
           | The journo should have followed up with 'why'?
           | 
           | I suspect one of the larger reasons this failed is due folks
           | above age 40 not given it a shot because of how complex it
           | all is to use for them.
        
             | el-salvador wrote:
             | > I suspect one of the larger reasons this failed is due
             | folks above age 40 not given it a shot because of how
             | complex it all is to use for them.
             | 
             | The government sponsored bitcoin wallet is easier to use
             | than the banking apps.
             | 
             | For a normal Salvadoran most of the day to day transactions
             | are micro transactions.
             | 
             | $0.25 loaf of read, $0.21 bus ticket, $1.00 groceries. For
             | those amounts, handing a coin is faster than scanning a QR
             | code.
        
         | jerry1979 wrote:
         | Assuming good intent on the part of Bukele, I tend to imagine
         | that he wants to get the ball rolling on Bitcoin now so that
         | his country can get ahead of the curve assuming bitcoin becomes
         | more popular globally in the future.
        
           | pirate787 wrote:
           | Bukele is an autocrat and it is more likely he will use
           | bitcoin's transferability to steal the funds. He's literally
           | buying bitcoin with his cellphone.
        
         | dimgl wrote:
         | Maybe because cryptocurrency doesn't solve the more pressing
         | issues in the country?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | > 1) free conversion from btc to usd 2) large discounts for
         | purchases of gasoline using btc 3) no bank account or a credit
         | card needed
         | 
         | I mean... if I'm paying for my gas, I'd rather just put my card
         | in the chip reader instead of getting out my phone/hardware
         | wallet, preparing a transaction with the proper amount of
         | Bitcoin, introducing the transaction to the gas pump, waiting
         | for the transaction to register with the ledger and _then_
         | leaving. Even if we 're talking about a 20% discount here, I'd
         | probably just stick with the debit card. Playing with a crypto
         | wallet was fun for larping as a hacker when I was in middle
         | school, but nowadays I don't think it's worth the trouble (much
         | less the shitshow that is L2 chains).
        
           | beaned wrote:
           | That's because you have the privilege to not care. There are
           | people who spend their days scraping parks for bottles and
           | cans to make $0.05 at a time.
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | Apparently even people without privledge don't really care
             | either, though. Given the option to use cryptocurrency for
             | lower-priced goods, the majority of their country is
             | sticking with traditional payment methods, probably for
             | convenience/familiarity purposes.
        
               | beaned wrote:
               | Why do you say "probably," do you know? I would guess
               | that it has more to do with technological literacy.
               | 
               | People put effort into saving small amounts all the time,
               | like cutting coupons or going to the cheaper store
               | further down the road. But these things are
               | understandable; using a crypto wallet in a place where
               | most people don't have a history of smartphone use isn't
               | really the same thing.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | > I would guess that it has more to do with technological
               | literacy.
               | 
               | Which is why I added the "familiarity" qualifier. Pretty
               | much anyone can barter with cash, and I've watched
               | 7-year-olds buy ice cream with a Visa card. Initiating a
               | Bitcoin transaction though? That requires some setup,
               | _even moreso_ if you have a  'proper' self-custody wallet
               | that you manage yourself.
               | 
               | > using a crypto wallet in a place where most people
               | don't have a history of smartphone use isn't really the
               | same thing.
               | 
               | I agree, I'm afraid you may have misread my sentiment.
               | It's not that there's no motivation to use Bitcoin, the
               | government subsidies are a pretty clear and obvious shot
               | at luring less-fortunate citizens into the world of
               | crypto. My larger point is that the low adoption among
               | their population makes perfect sense to me. Even in a
               | country with maximum digital literacy, I doubt most
               | people would feel motivated to use crypto either.
        
           | eftychis wrote:
           | Here we are talking about people that do not have bank
           | accounts never mind cards though.
           | 
           | I think there is a deeper issue for not even trying
           | it/getting free money -- which of course are used to acquire
           | users here pretty aggressively.
        
           | ChadNauseam wrote:
           | From the article
           | 
           | > In theory, developing nations like El Salvador are ideal
           | candidates for cryptocurrency adoption. More than half its
           | citizens rely exclusively on cash, rather than credit or
           | debit cards. Some 70 percent of households have no bank
           | account and nearly 90 percent do not use mobile banking. A
           | digital payment platform could be a way to make the economy
           | more inclusive and accessible.
        
       | ALittleLight wrote:
       | One experiment I've wanted to try, and would if I were more
       | confident in my Spanish, is to just call 20 random businesses in
       | El Salvador and ask them if I could pay in bitcoin. I've wondered
       | how much of this is a publicity stunt versus real "Bitcoin is
       | their currency" thing.
       | 
       | "Although the law requires all firms to accept bitcoin, in
       | reality only 20 percent do so. Roughly 5 percent of all sales
       | have been paid in bitcoin through Chivo Wallet, and just as most
       | households using Chivo prefer to keep their money in cash rather
       | than in bitcoin, 88 percent of firms convert their bitcoin into
       | dollars."
       | 
       | 20 percent of firms actually accepting bitcoin and 5 percent of
       | all sales is actually much higher than I expected. If these
       | numbers continue to grow that would be the first bit of evidence
       | I've seen that makes me feel positive about crypto's future.
       | 
       | I'd also be curious to know where the bitcoin transactions are
       | concentrated. I assume it's not a random 20% of firms and 5% of
       | transactions. Is it crypto-tourists and resorts? Poor people who
       | would see the most relative-incentive to adopt because of the 30
       | dollar bonus? Families with members working in other countries?
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | There have been a couple videos of folks walking around doing
         | just that.
         | 
         | The participation rate was not very high. It was hard to find
         | anyone who said yes.
        
       | baby wrote:
       | My questions are:
       | 
       | * why Bitcoin, versus a cryptocurrency with low latency?
       | 
       | * why not a stablecoin?
        
         | ArtWomb wrote:
         | >>> why not a stablecoin?
         | 
         | Berkeley Labs hypothesizes a "thermodynamically" stablecoin. If
         | that experiment fails, there may be no hope for defi ;)
         | 
         | 'Holy grail': Researchers create physics-based cryptocurrency
         | 
         | https://www.dailycal.org/2022/06/20/holy-grail-researchers-c...
        
           | jkepler wrote:
           | Bitcoin is already thermodynamically secured by proof-of-
           | work, as miners burn electricity for the right to add new
           | blocks of transactions to the blockchain. The ESG crowd can
           | criticize energy use, but human civilization flourished with
           | abundant energy (and that energy allows building of wealth to
           | be able to afford a clean environment for all creatures);
           | energy use secures bitcoin.
        
         | varajelle wrote:
         | * Using the lightning network, which the official app use,
         | there is no latency.
         | 
         | * Because the whole point is to be independent from foreign
         | currency
        
           | kzrdude wrote:
           | We hear very little about lightning. Is it used much? Works
           | well?
        
           | rmac wrote:
           | i just decompiled the most recent android chivo app. It does
           | not have a lnd client on it.
           | 
           | It looks like the government ARE running a lightning node as
           | part of the service, however:
           | 
           | https://davidgerard.co.uk/blockchain/2021/08/24/el-
           | salvador-...
        
       | unicornmama wrote:
       | May as well be entitled their attempt at insanity. Although that
       | statement is not fair to El Salvandorians - many of whom were
       | forced to watch their government collaborate with foreign
       | entities to rob their country blind.
       | 
       | Bitcion is not a stable store of value, therefore it is useless
       | as a currency. Something that can move 10-20% daily cannot be
       | used in commerce, especially for goods on and services sold on at
       | razor tight margins. And let's not even get into the amount of
       | borrowed money that went into propping up Bitcoin, whose
       | unwinding we've witnessed [and it's not over yet].
        
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