[HN Gopher] The Planet Inside: Scientists are probing the secret...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Planet Inside: Scientists are probing the secrets of the inner
       core
        
       Author : Hooke
       Score  : 35 points
       Date   : 2022-07-05 05:46 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | lven wrote:
       | The part about the dynamo being 10x lower 500 m.y.a. compared to
       | today suggests that the background radiation was 10x higher. They
       | point out that lower dynamo leads to more atmospheric loss to
       | space, thus limiting biological activity. Butthe the great
       | reduction in radiation could be similarly impactful, allowing for
       | more manageable genetic mutation.
        
       | orbital-decay wrote:
       | Be sure to scroll the article down to the responses, for an
       | excellent comment of an actual seismologist who appears to be
       | mildly irritated by the usual scientific news cycle.
        
         | jofer wrote:
         | That's more of a "you didn't mention my recent research on
         | this" than frustration with the "usual scientific news cycle".
         | 
         | (The commenter does have a good point, though -- the writeup is
         | on "Hey, these observations conflict. That's weird!", and the
         | commenter is saying: "Hey, we published a paper on that
         | conflict several years back that we think explains it well, you
         | missed that hypothesis when going over papers that discuss that
         | conflict". It's kinda their pet theory, and pretty wild, but it
         | was still a Science paper/very prestigious/respected.)
         | 
         | This is actually a _really_ excellent general audience summary.
         | It's hard to beat Science's non-technical sections like this
         | for scientific reporting.
        
           | jofer wrote:
           | For a little more context on the "pet theory" part, Wen
           | (2006) (The commenter) looks at waves that reflected off the
           | same spot at the surface of the inner core 10 years apart and
           | proposes that the differences in reflections are because the
           | core itself grew by ~1km in 10 years at that location. You
           | can also explain these differences by spin (the boundary is
           | moving) or a few other mechanisms, but you can't rule out
           | "the radial location of the boundary changed".
           | 
           | That's basically the point - spin can explain it, but we've
           | measured inconsistent spins. The inner core boundary moving
           | around vertically by a few km can explain it, but that is a
           | little hard to stomach for geologic reasons.
           | 
           | The issue is that it's _really_ hard to come up with a
           | geologically plausible mechanism that would allow 1km of
           | vertical solidification over a significant area in only 10
           | years that's also compatible with the liquid outer core
           | existing at all. The paper proposes that it's constantly
           | growing and eroding so the net gain/loss is essentially 0,
           | but again, how do you explain that rate of 1km of
           | solidification in 10 years geologically?
           | 
           | That's what moves it into the "pet theory" camp. It's not
           | crazy, but no one's been able to come up with a convincing
           | mechanism for the proposed very rapid growth+erosion of the
           | inner/outer core boundary and there are other explanations
           | (like spin of the inner core relative to the rest of the
           | Earth) that have gained broader acceptance. The comment of
           | "Hey, we have an alternate explanation for this that wasn't
           | mentioned" is also pretty fair, though.
        
       | lven wrote:
       | This got me thinking about the earth's heat flux to the surface.
       | It comes from primordial heat and radioisotope decay of thorium
       | and uranium. Wild that geothermal energy is really just nuclear
       | decay energy, just like the mars RTGs. But disappointing that it
       | ain't all that much at just 47 TW, compared to the sun's 200,000
       | TW on the Earth's surface. And of those 47 TW, only 14 TW are on
       | land. Not even close to enough to power mankind and our 20-40TW
       | of primary energy today, and hopefully much much more in the
       | future.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-07-06 23:02 UTC)