[HN Gopher] Germany records first monthly trade deficit since 19...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Germany records first monthly trade deficit since 1991 as inflation
       soars
        
       Author : freemint
       Score  : 118 points
       Date   : 2022-07-04 15:57 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | v4dok wrote:
       | I can't help having a bit of freudenschade. The mighty Germans F
       | it up. They didn't want to break eggs with Turkey and get
       | advantage of the SE Med gas reserves. They didn't like nuclear
       | after bashing it for so long. And of course, they got dragged
       | into a war that they are too small for.
       | 
       | Sad thing is that 1. Whole EU has to suffer because of this 2.
       | You can't stop thinking "What it would be like if Germany
       | actually stepped up to lead with understanding"
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Is the demographic crisis catching up with Germany?
       | https://www.iamexpat.de/career/employment-news/germanys-skil...
       | 
       | Sounds like a significant shortage relative to their population
       | and GDP...
        
         | DisjointedHunt wrote:
         | No, that's a valid point you make, but sadly, not relevant in
         | the present context.
         | 
         | The constituent factors of the trade imbalance being spoken
         | about here is a sharp rise in energy costs. For decades,
         | Germany has led the EU in repressive energy security policies
         | including a heavy focus on shutting down existing Nuclear
         | facilities that typically have >90% uptime in favor of cyclic
         | sources.
         | 
         | For example, less than 10% of installed renewable capacity in
         | Germany right now is usable:
         | https://twitter.com/burggrabenh/status/1543388878584823810
         | 
         | Thanks to which, Germany is presently generating 72% of their
         | electricity through very dirty and very expensive coal
         | https://twitter.com/bjornlomborg/status/1543190255477706752
        
           | jpdus wrote:
           | Sorry, but your comment is misinformed and just wrong and the
           | sources are intentionally misleading.
           | 
           | In H1 2022 >50% of German energy consumption was from
           | renewables [1] and Germany has currently significantly lower
           | spot-market prices than France, which went full-on nuclear
           | [2].
           | 
           | The sharp rise in energy costs has nothing to do with nuclear
           | (at least not now - if the society 20-30 years ago had
           | invested more in nuclear, things could've turned out
           | differently. Now, nuclear is neither feasible nor
           | economically viable..) and everything to do with gas prices,
           | which dominate energy costs due to the merit order. Coal is
           | currently actually still used below capacity while gas plants
           | are running at record utilization, thanks to profit-
           | maximizing utility companies exploiting this.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, Germany had a government for the last 16 years
           | that cared a lot for preserving the status quo for incumbents
           | (cheap gas!) and neither companies nor consumers were willing
           | to pay a premium for energy security/resilience. We're now
           | paying the bill for that.
           | 
           | [1] https://mobile.twitter.com/energy_charts_d/status/1542804
           | 890... [2] https://mobile.twitter.com/energy_charts_d/status/
           | 1543915767...
        
       | DisjointedHunt wrote:
       | It helps to pause and think about the fundamentals in a simple
       | way. For the first time since 1991, Germany is in a situation
       | where the value of all goods and services imported exceeded the
       | value of all goods and services exported.
       | 
       | Is this a bad thing? Depends. Germany is a manufacturing heavy
       | economy where energy prices are obviously a major part of input
       | costs. So there is certainly an argument that at some level, this
       | is unsustainable.
       | 
       | In the long term, if the economic growth within Germany is able
       | to offset the additional "expense" incurred , then it will not
       | matter a lot. The US routinely runs a trade deficit, but the US
       | economy is one that the world holds at envy for the reasons that
       | it is able to do so. There is plenty of domestic consumption and
       | growth that offsets the massive trade deficits and in a
       | simplified way, the US imports deflationary prices from the rest
       | of the world and exports technology (I said highly simplified)
       | 
       | For Germany, they don't have the luxuries that the US does. The
       | question that is crucial now is how long can Germany sustain
       | these deficits while their domestic economy re adjusts or is able
       | to find deflationary forces from energy security etc. If they are
       | unable to do so, then, by definition, they are fucked.
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | I'm a little suspicious the next set of stories will be about
         | the US and overreliance on now expensive international labor.
         | 
         | We keep talking about interest rates and monetary policy, when
         | the reality may be that we need to look at all aspects of
         | policy.
        
           | DisjointedHunt wrote:
           | The composition of the US economy is very different with
           | manufacturing taking a smaller role. The US imports deflation
           | from China through cheap manufacturing. Not necessarily labor
           | alone. The US also is a NET EXPORTER of energy and is not
           | hostage to energy suppliers as much as Germany is due to
           | their economy being reliant on Natural gas that can't be
           | easily replaced in the short term and even in the long term
           | has immense transportation costs compared to cheap pipelines
           | in geographic proximity.
           | 
           | The thing to watch here is, the knockover effects and 2nd,
           | 3rd order effects. When there is a gas shortage in Germany. .
           | . Everyone suffers. A much higher portion of their GDP goes
           | to compensate. When gas prices go up in the US, a section of
           | the population "suffer", but there is a lot more economic
           | tolerance built in.
        
             | lumost wrote:
             | My point was more that the economic composition of the US
             | is not immune to similar effects. The US is highly
             | dependent on Asian manufacturing, which in turn is
             | dependent on global energy prices rather than local energy
             | prices. The price of labor in Asia is also increasing
             | substantially (something that should be celebrated).
             | 
             | Arguably, there is no economic zone in the world which is
             | internally well balanced today. This will translate into
             | unique and difficult to navigate problems across the globe
             | due to deferred consequences of past crises, geopolitical
             | conflict, global climate change, and changing demographics.
        
       | qt6rust wrote:
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | Part of me thinks this may be true, and it may have been trying
         | to do so for over a century.
        
         | 88840-8855 wrote:
        
       | Proven wrote:
        
       | BenoitP wrote:
       | This is to be understood under the high oil and gas prices and
       | supply shortage.
       | 
       | Germany has a huge industrial organic chemistry complex. In comes
       | the oil and gas, which get vapocracked, distilled into base
       | molecules; out goes fertilizers, plastics, medecines, precursors,
       | etc
       | 
       | It is so integrated that pipes run from one factory to another.
       | Changes in the input will affect the whole chain.
        
         | algorias wrote:
         | And there is of course a time delay between the prices of the
         | input rising, and the prices of the outputs rising.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | someweirdperson wrote:
       | Does this include purchase of foreign stocks? "Importing"
       | companies? In that case I have contributed my fair share of that
       | deficit.
        
       | trhway wrote:
       | I think that demonstrates the typical issue of not having
       | leadership change for a long period of time. Under Merkel - who
       | grew up in socialist East Germany - the Germany got a lot of
       | structural characteristics of a socialist economy, in particular
       | being dominated by large manufacturers who have been getting
       | preferential treatment from the government, and losing the
       | ability to adjust and maneuver. She also didn't have that gut
       | check of dealing with Russia and has put all the Germany's eggs
       | into one basket which has been held by Putin. Thus what happens
       | right now is a light form of shock-therapy of getting adjusted
       | back to the new reality of the current global economy. Their
       | leadership still seems to hope that some form of the old trade
       | relationship with Russia will survive. The faster they ditch that
       | hope the faster the shock-therapy will get completed. Germany
       | needs to bite the bullet and massively build the LNG terminals
       | (one would expect that North Stream 2 landing point has all the
       | connection into the infrastructure to take it in). The second
       | best thing Germany can do for its economy is to supply Ukraine
       | with a lot of weapons. Germany naturally has significant
       | hesitancy to meddle into Ukraine war, yet the faster, stronger
       | and earlier Russia stopped - the better for everybody, including
       | Germany. Russia getting onto the Poland border is much worse than
       | Russia forcefully stopped where for example it is now. Germany
       | for now has been very slow at supplying weapons to Ukraine and
       | thus prolonging the chances of Russia moving closer to Europe.
        
       | shimonabi wrote:
       | That's a good thing. They've been violating the Euro treaties by
       | running a surplus against other countries in a common currency
       | area, but no one dared to say a word.
        
         | remarkEon wrote:
         | Can you explain this in more depth? I'm not that familiar with
         | EU laws and treaties. Is it illegal to run a trade surplus? How
         | does that work, functionally?
        
           | quarantaseih wrote:
           | I read somewhere that europeans agreed to an open market and
           | common currency that included Germany only if German's export
           | surplus were contained. I dont know if they are part of the
           | treaties of not.
           | 
           | The idea being, why would Italy, France and Greece agree to
           | open their market and give up their currencies (ie ability to
           | devalue) in the face of the German juggernaut? A joint market
           | would destroy French and Italian industry and in-debt Greece
           | - as happened.
           | 
           | <rant> The Euro zone was a mistake. Its premise was solid -
           | the europeans no longer had the ability to have colonies to
           | steal resources from, so they sought to create a large enough
           | market to be relevant and muscle themselves into decent
           | prices.
           | 
           | It failed because the US quickly made sure the euro never
           | seriously challenged the USD. Also, a continent that makes <
           | 1.5 children/woman is not a going concern so no one has ever
           | taken them seriously. Finally, the rise of China and India
           | sealed the EU's fate. </rant>
        
             | Mlller wrote:
             | "europeans agreed to an open market and common currency
             | that included Germany only if [Germany makes a certain
             | concession]"
             | 
             | It was rather the other way round: Germany was made to
             | agree to the euro project as a concession for
             | reunification.[1]
             | 
             | All in all, this seems to have been beneficial for a
             | majority of normal people in the countries getting a
             | stronger currency and for a minority of people in Germany,
             | who export: Consequently, Germany's wealth distibution
             | tends to be the most unequal in the euro zone,[2] and its
             | median wealth is slightly below that of Slovenia and
             | significantly below that of France, Italy and Spain.[3]
             | 
             | [1] https://voxeurop.eu/en/you-get-unification-we-get-the-
             | euro/
             | 
             | [2] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-wealth-
             | idUSBREA1P...
             | 
             | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_weal
             | th_pe...
        
             | mmarq wrote:
             | > The idea being, why would Italy, France and Greece agree
             | to open their market and give up their currencies (ie
             | ability to devalue) in the face of the German juggernaut?
             | 
             | Because they couldn't manage their currencies and always
             | dreamt of low inflation, in a few words: they wanted the
             | Mark. Calling it Mark would have upset the nationalists, so
             | they made the Euro.
             | 
             | > The Euro zone was a mistake.
             | 
             | Outside of the eurozone, Italy would have gone bankrupt in
             | the mid 2000s, Greece a few years later.
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | Or maybe they would devalue their currencies and
               | reindustrialize?
        
               | mmarq wrote:
               | To reindustrialise, whatever it is supposed to mean for a
               | country like Italy, has nothing to do with debasing a
               | currency, unless the plan is to surreptitiously cut real
               | salaries and hope nobody will ask for pay rises. They
               | have been doing that in the UK since 2007, all they got
               | is lower salaries.
        
               | v4dok wrote:
               | Instead they got hush money to keep rotting away their
               | industrial base and make sure that the best thing they
               | have is German products consumers. I am forever angry at
               | German "high politics", how did they think this is going
               | to turn out? And they didn't even have the guts to say to
               | their citizens "Hey you know all this EU-growth? It is
               | because we suppress the periphery"
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | You can decrease real wages too. It is the same thing.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | > Also, a continent that makes < 1.5 children/woman is not
             | a going concern so no one has ever taken them seriously.
             | 
             | So much wrong with that sentence.
             | 
             | The birth rate went that low (and lower!) but has been
             | going up recently[0]. But even if total population was
             | halving every generation, that's only a concern if it's
             | sustained for many generations, and population forecasting
             | (especially this simplistic) has never been particularly
             | accurate over such periods.
             | 
             | Then there's the second half. Europe has been _vastly_
             | important worldwide from roughly the age of exploration to
             | the end of WW2, and even then only stopped being
             | _temporarily_ because of active efforts by both of the two
             | superpowers -- who, despite arms reduction treaties,
             | _still_ have enough nukes _each_ to destroy all settlements
             | worldwide with populations over 150,000 [1] -- and yet
             | _despite that_ the EU (less than the whole of Europe) has
             | close to the same GDP (18 T) [2] as China (20 T) [3] and
             | the USA (25 T) [3].
             | 
             | [0] https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/eur/europe/fertil
             | ity-r...
             | 
             | [1] https://www.reference.com/geography/many-cities-
             | world-c25cce... and https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of
             | _states_with_nuclear_...
             | 
             | [2]
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union
             | 
             | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_
             | (nomi...
        
               | nawitus wrote:
               | Fertility rate in EU seems to have peaked in 2016 (it
               | declined every year from 2016 to 2020).
               | 
               | I think the data you linked is prediction from year 2020
               | onwards, and there is no observed increase from 2013.
        
           | lkrubner wrote:
           | I don't think it is illegal but it was hurtful to the EU
           | overall:
           | 
           | https://archive.nytimes.com/krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/0.
           | ..
           | 
           | Of course, you could make the argument that it violated the
           | spirit of the treaties.
        
             | remarkEon wrote:
             | What specific harm is being done here though? Krugman has a
             | tendency to take a lot of underlying assumptions for
             | granted without actually enumerating them. I'm looking to
             | understand why Germany should have to manage its economy
             | based on the aims of the rest of the EU and not their own,
             | which seems to be what's implied here.
        
               | morelisp wrote:
               | Put simply, Germany wants (or wanted - we don't talk
               | about the euro crisis much anymore even though it was
               | never really resolved) everyone in the EU to a) trade
               | mostly with other EU members, b) run a trade surplus.
               | This is obviously impossible, but Germans don't want to
               | hear that in a modern economy, for Germany to have no
               | debts means someone else must. They sent moralists to do
               | an economist's job.
               | 
               | That being said I have no idea what the OP was on about,
               | it's not illegal, it's just stupid.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | ChemSpider wrote:
         | What SS would that violate? This must be one of the (many)
         | anti-EU fake news.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | This is the first time I've heard about this, could you tell me
         | what treaties they're violating?
         | 
         | Barring an economy from running a surplus seems like a terrible
         | trade deal to me, so I wonder why the Germans would ever agree
         | to such a rule.
        
           | shimonabi wrote:
           | Because you are not allowed to beggar-thy-neigbour in a
           | common currency area.
           | 
           | If Germans are allowed to have a permament surplus, than
           | someone MUST always have a deficit.
        
             | jeroenhd wrote:
             | Why? Materials get imported from outside the EU all the
             | time and exports can also go across EU borders. It's not
             | like Americans pay their BMWs with euros.
             | 
             | No country has a trade surplus/deficit of exactly 0, or
             | even near 0. There's always at least half a billion going
             | either way. If you know of any treaties that put limits on
             | these numbers, I'd like to know what they are because I'm
             | very curious about the intentions behind the people who
             | would draft something like that.
             | 
             | Going by https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2013/decemb
             | er/tradoc_... (link says 2013, but document says Q1 2022),
             | Germany had an intra-EU trade surplus of about 0.2 billion
             | euros. Germany is the closest to a perfect balance within
             | the eurozone in the entire EU except for Bulgaria. Their
             | surplus is almost entirely extra-EU, which isn't a problem
             | for EU members.
        
         | Terry_Roll wrote:
         | Not just a common currency area, most of the world, but is
         | there anything wrong with that? Somebody has to have savings to
         | stand up to the corporates. Its what Obama's Diesel-gate was
         | all about! Obama (remember him?) was telling Merkel to run a
         | trade deficit, but stepping back, what you have are different
         | countries dictating policy to other countries, in this case the
         | US dictating to Deutschland how to spend their money. The meme
         | being pushed in financial circles is "debt is money", when what
         | they really want to say is the biggest borrowers get to dilute
         | their currency the most and dilute, which can be read as
         | weaken, the purchasing power of other people. So you see
         | countries like the UK ramping up house prices, mortgages
         | creating new money in the absence of the UK actually making
         | anything of any worth, shelter is also on the lower tiers of
         | Maslow's Hierarchies of Needs , the British Media pumping out
         | thousands of hours of property porn to reinforce Asch
         | conformity, is all in all a highly intelligent way to control
         | people using stealth means!
         | 
         | init(clever);
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | I mean, the US saves very little money and yet was able to
           | stand up to VW Group, so I'm not sure what "has to have
           | savings" has to do with your example.
           | 
           | Obama's observation was that you can't run a trade surplus
           | with Southern Europe for decades and then get all surprised
           | when they run out of money to pay you with. In a similar
           | vein, you can't have EU cross-border banks without a EU
           | cross-border insurance deposit scheme, because then one bank
           | can potentially drown a small country, which is what happened
           | during the Eurozone crisis.
        
             | Terry_Roll wrote:
             | Debt dilutes the currency because money is created every
             | time someone takes on debt, it means your overseas
             | creditors ie other countries get their money back, but its
             | worthless today than in the past, because this is monetary
             | inflation, not to be confused with the man on the streets
             | inflation which is price rises. At the end of the day its
             | just an intellectuals way of keeping the plates spinning
             | and the uneducated in their place. Now it also happens this
             | is a way for banks to wrestle power away from the
             | politicians, just like stock market listed companies can
             | put a ban on recruitment when a new political party comes
             | to power, increasing unemployment. Its hard for Govt's to
             | prove this, because legislation isnt the brightest, in
             | fact, legislation can create fake science. Its a massively
             | complex subject and education is the first step in divide
             | and conquer.
        
           | mardifoufs wrote:
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | No, this is completely in line with everything that the EU is
         | all about. I'm not sure where you got the belief that Euro
         | countries are not allowed to have internal trade deficits, it's
         | inevitable in fact.
        
           | shimonabi wrote:
           | Merkel said after 2008 that ALL countries in the EU must have
           | surpluses. It was like saying all teams in the NBA must win.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | The world is a lot larger than the EU so there is no reason
             | why that could not be the case.
        
               | v4dok wrote:
               | I rememember in an econ book that we think that exports
               | have the "world" to serve. But in reality most countries
               | trade the most with those closest to them. I wouldn't be
               | surprised if that was the case for the majority of EU
               | countries
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Yes, but don't underestimate the exports that Germany is
               | generating, between all of the high tech there and the
               | car companies you are looking at a substantial exporter.
               | 
               | China is #1, the USA (all of it) is #2 and Germany (just
               | Germany, not the EU) is #3. Have a look at their relative
               | populations and appreciate that fully.
        
         | kken wrote:
         | That's an extremely naive thing to say. Do you think the root
         | cause of this does not apply to other European countries?
         | Namely, faltering supply chains in Asia, skyrocketing energy
         | prices?
        
         | skrause wrote:
         | My guess is that Germany still has a surplus against other euro
         | countries, instead the money is flowing to oil and gas
         | exporting countries. So that wouldn't help.
        
           | DisjointedHunt wrote:
           | Yes, and thus at some level, is unsustainable. ie, There is a
           | point at which they could be running all the surplus they
           | could wish for against the rest of the EU, but the cost of
           | those surpluses offsets any gains to economic growth.
        
       | _ph_ wrote:
       | Most obvious explanation: the amount of money spent by Germany
       | for energy imports, especially gas being bought on the sport
       | market, has skyrocketed. That is a lot of money going to the
       | balance without requiring the exports to be reduced - which they
       | probably have been too. A lot of German industry depends on parts
       | from Ukraine, like VW getting their cable trees from Ukraine
       | manufacturers.
        
       | stewx wrote:
       | Friendly reminder that trade deficits are not inherently bad.
       | https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/051515/pros-...
        
         | concinds wrote:
         | This is deeply ideological, and wrong. You're using arguments
         | levied at Trump years ago that applied to the US, a mostly
         | services-based economy, and applying them to Germany.
         | 
         | Except Germany is a manufacturing- and export-based economy.
         | Take that away, and you have a recipe for economic collapse.
         | 
         | Read the FT's article, which includes much more statements from
         | politicians and economists.
         | https://www.ft.com/content/6f325773-bf8a-4e28-9fc1-6bc986ee9...
         | Use the Bypass Paywalls Clean extension if you need to.
         | 
         | Or, read what Stratfor (if you have a subscription) has been
         | predicting for a decade now: Germany's slow decline, to be
         | replaced as Europe's power center by Poland.
         | 
         | Germany was already facing a worker shortage and inflation. Now
         | the government is discussing rationing gas allocated to German
         | businesses. Beyond the ideological arguments, it's clear that
         | this is going to be a crisis for Germany, and for all Eurozone
         | economies; and their reactions will determine "how bad it
         | gets". We are looking at a probable recession across Europe.
         | 
         | By the way, I warned months ago that sanctions against Russia
         | would have a backfire effect: Russia is mostly unscathed, their
         | oil and gas revenues are soaring; meanwhile Germany is talking
         | about rationing. Sanctions don't work in an interconnected
         | economy.
        
           | 0xfaded wrote:
           | Mark Blyth, who I find to be a cynical but entertaining
           | economist, would say (paraphrasing):                 An
           | export-based economy just means you let someone else consume
           | the excess you produce.
           | 
           | In exchange, you receive an increment to an arbitrary number
           | stored in a computer somewhere. This might be a reasonable
           | model for a household, but governments can print money making
           | the value of said number somewhat fluffy. In a sense, the US
           | got away with QE (for as long as it did) because other
           | countries exercised tight fiscal policy. In the aftermath of
           | 2008, the ECB was as conservative as ever and Europe relied
           | on American $'s for liquidity. Or another way of thinking of
           | it: so long and thanks for all the BMW's :)
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Blyth
        
             | olivermarks wrote:
             | I'm a Blyth fan but you are missing out a critical
             | component of the right to print money, which is that the US
             | dollar is the reserve currency of the planet. The petro
             | dollar (offshore) is not backed by the FDIC the onshore US
             | dollar is.
             | 
             | The vast US military is arguably primarily to protect the
             | right to print the world's currency. (The day Iraq started
             | to sell oil in euros the US attacked it for example)
             | 
             | As Blyth knows and talks about the ECB is in dire straits
             | versus the reserve currency dollar. The EU has a difficult
             | road ahead having completely screwed up their energy policy
             | and are now creating food shortages in Holland and
             | elsewhere to add to the global inflation nightmare.
             | 
             | It's hard to tell if the US federal (it's not, it's private
             | banks) reserve (they don't have any) are willfully
             | incompetent or master tactical strategists...
        
               | Vinnl wrote:
               | Wait, what do you mean by food shortages in Holland, and
               | especially ones caused by the EU?
        
               | olivermarks wrote:
               | https://www.dw.com/en/dutch-farmers-block-food-
               | distribution-...
               | 
               | etc.
               | 
               | dutch farmers are spraying manure at the bureaucrats
               | buildings
        
           | odiroot wrote:
           | > Or, read what Stratfor (if you have a subscription) has
           | been predicting for a decade now: Germany's slow decline, to
           | be replaced as Europe's power center by Poland.
           | 
           | As a Pole, I cannot help but laugh at that. Why would that
           | ever be the case?
        
             | concinds wrote:
             | Feel free to read Stratfor's site (I named an extension
             | that allows full free access) or George Friedman's "The
             | Next 100 Years" book.
             | 
             | Stratfor employs many ex-US-intelligence-agency people who
             | use the same geopolitical analysis methods for a corporate
             | audience (though without classified data) and their views
             | are a close approximation of the thinking of the US's
             | intelligence community; in that sense, they are
             | significant.
        
               | mythrwy wrote:
               | Friedman sometimes has some interesting takes but is
               | often dramatically and laughably wrong. I would hesitate
               | to take much of what they say as having much predictive
               | accuracy at all.
               | 
               | They do state it with an air of authority and "high
               | caliber top secret intelligence" but still laughable.
        
             | DisjointedHunt wrote:
             | Just like simply eating at a McDonalds once doesn't make me
             | an expert on Burgers. . .
             | 
             | Similarly, holding the passport of a country doesn't
             | automatically make someone a geopolitical expert
             | 
             | I mean no offense at all, I've simply observed way too many
             | instances of online discourse beginning with "as a citizen
             | of ____" to establish credibility in areas that don't
             | really benefit from citizenship.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | I kind of agree with you in a way: saying Poland will
               | overtake Germany is as laughable as saying Canada will
               | overtake the US as the economic leader in north America.
               | You don't even need to be Canadian to know how ridiculous
               | of a claim this is.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | In my reading, the point of 'as a Pole' is to say 'look I
               | bear no ill will towards Poles, I want the best for
               | Poland as much as the next citizen', it's not claiming
               | authority, it's disclaiming bias against.
        
           | RC_ITR wrote:
           | > This is deeply ideological, and wrong.
           | 
           | Ok so what is correct then? I'm not seeing the reason trade
           | deficits are inherently bad anywhere in your comment.
        
             | concinds wrote:
             | Trade deficits are bad for an economy whose entire strength
             | relies on exports.
             | 
             | edit: Germany's exports are 48% of GDP for context. And
             | this trade deficit reflects increased import costs, which
             | will hurt businesses since Germany is poor in raw
             | resources. I.e., this is a problem for both the German
             | government & German businesses, and for their whole
             | economy.
        
           | srvmshr wrote:
           | I think what you're referring more concretely is the
           | difference between _Balance of trade_ vs. _Balance of
           | payments_ , the latter being the addition of
           | tertiary/financial sector.
           | 
           | For an export driven economy like Japan, Germany or China -
           | balance of trade could be bad. How big is the German software
           | & banking industry to offset some of this default in the long
           | haul?
        
           | littlestymaar wrote:
           | > to be replaced as Europe's power center by Poland
           | 
           | Not gonna lie, you had me in the first half.
           | 
           | Poland has had an anemic demography for years (1.38 child per
           | woman in 2021, the lowest in Eastern Europe after Ukraine and
           | Moldova), a massive brain (and workforce more generally)
           | drain since the fall of the Eastern Block.
           | 
           | Its GDP per capita is even 30% lower than Czech Republic and
           | less than a third of German's GDP.
           | 
           | German's economy is going to face troubles, but Poland isn't
           | even remotely close to taking any kind of economic
           | leadership. And it won't happen until Poland fixes their
           | natality issue (and even then, it would take them another
           | fifty years).
        
           | mmarq wrote:
           | > Or, read what Stratfor (if you have a subscription) has
           | been predicting for a decade now: Germany's slow decline, to
           | be replaced as Europe's power center by Poland.
           | 
           | The Polish GDP per capita is 30-40% lower than the German.
           | Assuming it will ever happen, it will take decades for Poland
           | to replace Germany.
        
             | sveme wrote:
             | And it's half Germany's heads as well.
        
               | reducesuffering wrote:
               | German GDP is ~$3.8T to Poland's ~$600B, a roughly 6x
               | difference. And there is hardly any trajectory change in
               | the last 15 years, so color me skeptical Poland will
               | overtake Germany economically anywhere in the next 50
               | years.
        
         | tonymet wrote:
         | it's an unhealthy habit to endorse a very complicated topic by
         | referring to an introductory website . that's a flimsier
         | approach than most religions even
        
           | avgcorrection wrote:
           | 1. Trade deficits are inherently bad
           | 
           | 2. Trade deficits are not inherently bad
           | 
           | Which claim sounds more "flimsy"?
        
             | UweSchmidt wrote:
             | It would be better to articulate the gist of an on-topic
             | thought in the confines of a HN post, rather than sending
             | people off to go read something. If something in the
             | article is wrong, let's address that exact thing in the
             | comment. If you have understood your own beliefs well and
             | can articulate them, then you can make great impact on a
             | thread that way.
             | 
             | "Just read this link" on a complex and controversial topic
             | may be comparable to "Just read this religious tract".
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | > Friendly reminder that trade deficits are not inherently bad.
         | 
         | Whether trade deficits are good, or bad depends on your
         | monetary policy.
         | 
         | In case of Germany, it was definitely bad after them having
         | such low interest rates for so long.
         | 
         | It was Germany's pride -- it's manufacturing industry which
         | took damage from low rates the most.
        
       | Barrera wrote:
       | > Germany has recorded its first monthly trade deficit [EUR1bn]
       | since 1991 [the year of reunification] amid soaring inflation and
       | supply chain disruption weighing on the country's industrial
       | base.
       | 
       | Then from Wikipedia:
       | 
       | > In 2016, Germany recorded the highest trade surplus in the
       | world, worth $310 billion. ...
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Germany
       | 
       | So it's not just the magnitude of the trade balance (negative)
       | but the velocity (sharply downward) that should get attention.
       | 
       | The US has run persistent trade deficits (now ~ $50 billion) for
       | years. This brought cheap goods but eviscerated the manufacturing
       | base. You could call it a tradeoff. What the US has going for it
       | though is: (a) the ability to print its own money; (b) the
       | ability to print the world's reserve currency; and (c) the
       | demographics to support a consumption-led economy.
       | 
       | Germany has none of these things going for it. The situation is
       | not sustainable. The article implies that the change is not
       | structural (increased competition from elsewhere, for example),
       | but if it is things could get weird real fast.
        
         | njarboe wrote:
         | Missed a zero. The US trade deficit is has ranged from about
         | $400 to $800 billion per year for the last two decades[1].
         | 
         | [1]https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/USA/united-
         | states/trad...
        
         | frankfrankfrank wrote:
         | There are other issues with this number that also comes with a
         | surge in imports, just to mention one of the other hidden
         | factors that are making everything extremely unstable.
        
         | _trampeltier wrote:
         | Bloomberg has a nice graph.
         | 
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-04/germany-h...
        
           | gpderetta wrote:
           | Warning: extremely nasty back button hijack.
        
           | enlyth wrote:
           | https://archive.ph/OftCI
        
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