[HN Gopher] What do lawyers do?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What do lawyers do?
        
       Author : memorable
       Score  : 101 points
       Date   : 2022-07-02 15:09 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
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       | voisin wrote:
       | What do _barristers_ do. The author seems to skip the entire
       | solicitor component of the legal profession.
        
         | fleetwoodsnack wrote:
         | It's just a set of observations about legal realism using the
         | generic term. You really expected someone to write everything a
         | legal professional does?
        
           | voisin wrote:
           | My point is that the vast majority of what lawyers do has
           | nothing to do with judges. It has to do with drafting
           | contracts and interpreting legislation and legal precedent.
           | Talking about good lawyers sometimes being able to
           | communicate and coming prepared is limited to a small subset
           | of barrister work.
           | 
           | [edit for clarity]: I overstated the first sentence. I should
           | have said that the vast majority of what lawyers do does not
           | involve appearing in court before a judge. The ultimate goal
           | of any legal work is certainly to ensure it would satisfy a
           | judge should a conflict arise.
        
             | IncRnd wrote:
             | If people would never need to go before a judge for any
             | type of action, there would be no need for a lawyer. A
             | contract, when presumably violated, gets adjudicated by a
             | judge. Everything a lawyer does is judge centric.
             | Ultimately, the law is meaningless without a judge to
             | decide its meaning.
        
               | voisin wrote:
               | I never said _never_. The point was that in the grand
               | scheme of a legal career, it is exceedingly rare except
               | for litigators or barristers, who are a minority of
               | lawyers.
        
             | fleetwoodsnack wrote:
             | Incorrect, especially the statement that "the vast majority
             | of what lawyers do has nothing to do with judges. It has to
             | do with drafting contracts and interpreting legislation and
             | legal precedent."
             | 
             | I think you're confusing arbitration or litigation as the
             | aspects of lawyering which involve judges. In fact, just
             | about all actions undertaken by lawyers are with an
             | eventual audience of a courtroom and a judge in mind. Yes,
             | you review contracts, yes, you interpret legislation: In
             | order to achieve some goal, with an eye toward how it might
             | be interpreted by a judge or opposing counsel. A lawyer
             | that is not proactive about future defense is not
             | fulfilling their duty as counsel and that necessarily means
             | thinking about and considering judges and the courtroom, to
             | one degree or another.
        
               | voisin wrote:
               | I think we are writing past each other. The article talks
               | about lawyers being good communicators and being
               | prepared, the implication being _for court_ to argue in
               | front of a judge. This is what I am saying is a tiny,
               | infinitesimally small portion of the legal profession as
               | a whole.
               | 
               | You changed the topic to be "with an eventual audience of
               | a courtroom and a judge in mind", which I don't disagree
               | with. This needs to be the consideration, even though the
               | vast majority of work never ends up having that audience.
               | But this has nothing to do with being a good communicator
               | that shows up prepared, as per the article.
        
               | fleetwoodsnack wrote:
               | No, there was no change in topic, merely a correction to
               | an incorrect absolute statement: "the vast majority of
               | what lawyers do has nothing to do with judges."
               | 
               | To say it has nothing to do with judges is the overstep.
               | Those who practice know that the end-state of almost all
               | legal analysis is "what would the judge say?" and it's
               | laughable to think that the prototypical lawyer doesn't
               | actively consider how their work will be interpreted by
               | legal authorities.
               | 
               | As a layperson, you saw the commentary about
               | communication and preparedness and you thought this was
               | an article about professional decorum and skillsets. It
               | is not: the author saved the punchline for the end, and
               | tied his observations about the practice of law,
               | jurisdictional incongruities, and legal culture under the
               | deft umbrella of legal realism and its affects on the
               | above. How does it affect or undermine lawyers'
               | interpretation of the law? How do judges weigh the
               | various influences that impact their decision making?
               | And, all this together, what kind of legal culture is
               | created from the variance of these actors and factors?
               | 
               | But hey, let's make this fun. You list an area of law
               | that does not interact in any way with judges or
               | jurisprudence, and I'll respond appropriately.
        
               | voisin wrote:
               | Ok, I've added a clarifying statement. The word "nothing"
               | in my post overstated the case based on my reading of the
               | post with respect to communication and preparation for
               | court.
        
         | mlyle wrote:
         | > The author seems to skip the entire solicitor component of
         | the legal profession.
         | 
         | I think this is covered. Ultimately, everything comes down to
         | court, but he said:
         | 
         | "and can write and say things to maximise the odds of the judge
         | doing what you want him to do."
         | 
         | That is-- they know how a court is likely to look at things,
         | and know how to construct contracts and advise clients so that
         | if a dispute ever emerges they are likely to prevail... or
         | rather, that it will be so obvious that they will prevail that
         | no one will even bother with litigation.
        
         | johndhi wrote:
         | I'm a USA lawyer so not hyper familiar (we have no such
         | distinction here) but a barrister is licensed to put on a funny
         | hat or wig and actually speak to/interact with a judge. If
         | you're only a solicitor (you can be both) I believe you're
         | limited to interacting with your client and describing the law
         | for them.
         | 
         | I believe this distinction exists on the premise that
         | barristers, being more independent from their clients, will be
         | more honest and fair when interacting with the judge.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | See the comment on my post -- apparently in India, _any_
           | lawyer can go to court. But some just choose not to.
        
       | lamontcg wrote:
       | One skill of lawyers is that they understand the context of words
       | and their meaning in the judicial system.
       | 
       | I often see untrained people making arguments on reddit about the
       | law where they're picking apart words into the meaning they want
       | to have them and constructing a legal parallel universe where the
       | law means what they hope it means. And they can point at
       | dictionary definitions for each word to back up their
       | interpretation. And its not that they don't consider something
       | like case law, instead, they just don't even understand that it
       | exists.
       | 
       | Often times when there's two parallel readings which are
       | theoretically possible one of them winds up with implications
       | which are clearly absurd and a real-life flesh and bone judge
       | will outright reject the attempt to twist the meaning of words
       | and phrases. Every now and then a judge somewhere does let this
       | kind of argument through and it makes headlines, but usually
       | those kinds of cases are going to be overturned on appeal.
       | 
       | A lot of the legal system is that everyone over time has agreed
       | that words strung together in a particular way has a particular
       | interpretation that applies. If you go in trying to fight that
       | interpretation you usually always lose. An attempt to buffer
       | overflow the legal system based on dual meanings will usually
       | wind up with a judge disagreeing with your nonsense.
        
       | CapitalistCartr wrote:
       | I spent five years and multiple lawyers, until I found a good
       | one, fighting my mortgage company, trying to get my day in court.
       | In the end, I never did, and mostly lost. That's the power of a
       | corporate legal team.
        
       | vivegi wrote:
       | IANAL. However, I have worked with lawyers when I worked in a
       | large corp and one thing they did consistently well was
       | highlighting risk and providing the business unit with
       | information on where the landmines lie.
       | 
       | One of the very nuanced discussions I had in the last few years
       | was with an IP lawyer when I started my company. His questions
       | and solution was very insightful. I wouldn't have arrived at such
       | an elegant solution myself.
        
         | systemvoltage wrote:
         | Same, we paid $10k for a IP lawyer consultation which included
         | 1) 2 hour meeting understanding the details 2) A memo with
         | their judgement and advice, about 4 pages in total, delivered 3
         | weeks later.
         | 
         | During the first meeting, the attorney's assistant was jotting
         | down every detail of our conversation. Questions were so
         | incredibly detailed that it had us scratching our heads.
         | 
         | It is always impressive to work with lawyers, especially from a
         | reputable IP law firm.
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | >much less scientific than macroeconomics or inflation management
       | 
       | That bad, eh?
        
       | xbar wrote:
       | "The empirical study of the practice of the law in India is an
       | exercise in the suspension of disbelief."
       | 
       | Which is why it is difficult to craft a remote-intellectual-
       | property policy that involves proprietary source code on the
       | ground in many such places.
        
       | knighthack wrote:
       | As a lawyer, this is one of the _most_ insightful posts on the
       | practice of law - in so few words - I 've ever seen. Bravo.
        
       | howmayiannoyyou wrote:
       | "I was never ruined but twice: once when I lost a lawsuit, and
       | once when I won one."
       | 
       | -- Voltaire
       | 
       | Where US civil litigation (disputes) are concerned, a good lawyer
       | looks to end the dispute before the cost of litigation approaches
       | the value of the dispute. Once might argue the feature and bug of
       | US tort law is the litigation becomes a third party in the case,
       | against whom both sides must fight, hopefully finding a common
       | enemy in its cost. If the cost is not enough to settle the
       | dispute, you can add the unpredictability of judges and juries
       | who on any given day can invert the obvious, wrecking a
       | 'winnable' case.
       | 
       | A great lawyer, as opposed to a good one, keeps your fees down as
       | you heads to trial against an opponent with seemingly unlimited
       | money and appetite for litigation. They accomplish this by
       | focusing on the core dispute and ignoring ancillary matters,
       | often making their client (wrongly) question how committed they
       | are to their case.
       | 
       | In sum, a good lawyer manages their client (always pushing
       | internally for settlement), works to keep fees down until
       | discovery closes, sows doubt in the other's sides confidence,
       | establishes credibility with the Judge, and shows up meticulously
       | prepared for trial.
       | 
       | As a thought exercise, imagine how hard all this is to do when
       | you dislike your client, your managing partner is on you to
       | increase billings, your kids need braces, and you're hoping to
       | save a few bucks for retirement and an escape from a profession
       | filled with bad lawyers.
        
         | thesausageking wrote:
         | A great lawyer can also cause the other side to spend a ton of
         | money responding discovery requests and motions. In fact, a
         | common strategy is to get the other side's legal bill to be so
         | high they eventually give up.
         | 
         | I've seen this kill multiple startups who end up in disputes
         | with large tech companies. Even if the startup is 100% in the
         | right, the large co can tie them up in a lawsuit for years and
         | VCs won't back a startup actively involved in a lawsuit, so the
         | startup runs out of money before the case is ever decided.
        
           | daniel-cussen wrote:
           | VC's do, Paul Graham talks about this, they often face
           | vexatious lawsuits, they just have to disclose the suit
           | instead of hiding it and let the VC discover it. And many
           | VC's are timid, and don't have the vision the industry
           | lionizes, because it's an elitist characteristic.
        
           | ABCLAW wrote:
           | This isn't a "great lawyer" play . It's the standard play for
           | any unscrupulous party engaged against a party with limited
           | funds.
           | 
           | Even if a case is pretty open and shut, you can tie it up for
           | years in motions for little benefit. This isn't hard at
           | all.It's hard to be on the other side and respond to it.
           | 
           | A great lawyer can achieve a settlement against a party like
           | this without the need to throw sacks of cash onto a firepit.
        
             | staticman2 wrote:
             | "A great lawyer can achieve a settlement against a party
             | like this without the need to throw sacks of cash onto a
             | firepit."
             | 
             | A lawyer, good or bad, has no control whether the other
             | party settles.
        
               | shon wrote:
               | This is incorrect in my experience. My company was sued
               | by LinkedIn about a year after receiving a $1MM seed
               | round. We were low on money with about $250K left and
               | raising when the suit hit.
               | 
               | This is a game of leverage.
               | 
               | Lawyers are tools that have to be used effectively to
               | apply leverage. Like any tool, good ones make a big
               | difference.
               | 
               | At the time LI was worth about $30 Billion, we had $250K.
               | We convinced LinkedIn to settle after about 4 months in
               | SF court for a nominal amount.
               | 
               | Good/ethical lawyers were critical along with significant
               | creativity from our side on how to use them.
               | 
               | We survived, raised a round and the company is still
               | kicking.
        
               | staticman2 wrote:
               | If Linkedin decided they wanted to put you out of
               | business the lawyer would not be able to arrange a
               | settlement. A lawyer does not even control whether their
               | own client settles.
        
               | shon wrote:
               | You think so? Read the case. "LinkedIn v. Robocog". If
               | you think they let us go out of the kindness of their
               | hearts, I'm interested in hearing more of your thoughts
               | 
               | Also, I didn't say lawyers control settling. I said
               | they're tools that can be used to achieve an outcome. And
               | the good ones are very helpful. Force multipliers.
               | 
               | Ours were experts in IP law. They knew it well. We used
               | them along with other leverage points to achieve our
               | settlement.
        
               | ABCLAW wrote:
               | I didn't say a good lawyer will achieve the settlement. I
               | said they could.
               | 
               | Keeping costs down and only spending enough to acquire
               | the absolute key arguments, research and evidence is how
               | you get to discuss a settlement with leverage.
               | 
               | A large corp can still pepper you with motions then push
               | into trial, but a great lawyer will be limiting how
               | quickly you burn through your war chest and fight battles
               | judiciously instead of throwing the kitchen sink at every
               | motion.
        
               | _rutinerad wrote:
               | In the same way that a parent has no control over whether
               | their child goes to sleep.
        
               | staticman2 wrote:
               | The lawyer can control whether the opposing party settles
               | in the same way I can control whether you retract you
               | post and concede I was correct.
        
               | _rutinerad wrote:
               | Exactly. And you're not using that control very well.
        
             | daniel-cussen wrote:
             | You can also refuse to settle, just demanding the law be
             | carried out until its last consequence, regardless of the
             | other party offering everything you want. Sometimes if the
             | other party fucks up in a trial and gets a contempt
             | hearing, the plaintiff can demand double the amount
             | demanded in the original lawsuit as a settlement, but I
             | would recommend also demanding they allow the court to make
             | a declaration as to their wrongdoing.
        
             | shon wrote:
             | Agreed. This is exactly my experience.
        
             | Cupertino95014 wrote:
             | In fact, I did see this with a friend who was in
             | arbitration with a giant tech company. Supposedly,
             | arbitration is a cost-savings over litigation. I'm sure it
             | is, but that's a little like saying chlamydia is better
             | than syphilis.
        
           | ape4 wrote:
           | Like a DOS attack
        
         | 77pt77 wrote:
         | >"I was never ruined but twice: once when I lost a lawsuit, and
         | once when I won one."
         | 
         | Says the man that made his fortune by winning a lawsuit when he
         | rigged the lottery.
        
           | kurthr wrote:
           | TIL:
           | 
           | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/voltaire-
           | enlighten...
        
       | baron816 wrote:
       | What TV has taught me lawyers do: they have a new case every week
       | that goes to trial that week. The case is always won by evidence
       | discovered during the trial, or by testimony of a surprise
       | witness, or an impassioned speech during closing arguments. And
       | the judgement is rendered right there at the end of the trial.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | One story about India. I didn't go there for the patent case I
       | was on, too bad (I'm not Indian, so please pardon and correct my
       | ignorance if you are).
       | 
       | They have barristers and solicitors, like the UK. The barrister
       | is the one who goes to court for you. What I found interesting
       | is, you meet your barrister for about half an hour before he goes
       | to court. That's the extent of your contact with him.
       | 
       | His main job is to know the judges, the courts, and the hoops he
       | has to jump through, and your solicitor has prepared him for all
       | that. You hope.
        
         | elSidCampeador wrote:
         | Oh no India did away with the solicitor - barrister
         | distinction. There's only one category now - advocates. So
         | you'll find people who will use the title ``solicitor'' to
         | describe themselves and the work they do, which is akin to what
         | UK solicitors do - but every lawyer in India can go officially
         | go to court and fight cases. The solicitor types are mostly
         | seen in specialised fields like patents and revenue law, and
         | these lawyers prefer to just do the legwork and not go to court
         | (because as you rightly observed, some lawyers have more
         | knowledge about the court and the systems that come with it).
         | Generally such `solicitors' keep a couple of lawyers with them
         | in a retainer-type arrangement - "whatever cases I get, I'll do
         | the paperwork, and you go stand in court, and we split the fee
         | a certain way".
         | 
         | Source: High school buddy of mine does this exact thing for
         | land revenue cases.
        
           | elSidCampeador wrote:
           | also, if an Indian lawyer writes ``Barrister'' on their
           | letterhead / business card, it means they've gone through
           | training + been called to the Bar in the UK.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | Great, thanks. This was indeed a patent case.
        
         | groestl wrote:
         | I've witnessed that, in Ireland though, which has a similar
         | system. On a very technical case. The barrister failed to set
         | up WIFI in the meeting room 60 min before going to the court,
         | not even reading the error messages. Which scared me, but then
         | he proceeded to explain the most complicated details in front
         | of the judge. I was stunned.
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | Goes to show that theoretical knowledge doesn't nearly always
           | correlate well (or at all) with practical skill, and vice
           | versa.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | You're assuming the barrister doesn't have theoretical
             | knowledge, which I can tell you from experience is not
             | true. Good lawyers have an incredible ability to grasp the
             | theoretical underpinnings of almost anything very, very
             | quickly.
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | Hm? I meant the exact opposite. The barrister in the GP's
               | anecdote had intricate theoretical knowledge of a very
               | technical subject matter, despite not being able (or not
               | bothering) to debug a simple Wi-Fi problem, which
               | surprised the GP.
        
       | cainxinth wrote:
       | I have often said that everyone hates lawyers... until they need
       | one, and then they want the meanest SOB who ever practiced.
        
       | chmod600 wrote:
       | I'm not a lawyer, but this seems far too narrow, and focused on
       | trial lawyers.
       | 
       | For instance, what about corporate lawyers writing up merger
       | agreements? Or estate lawyers helping to plan for after death? Or
       | family lawyers helping people through divorce?
       | 
       | Statutes obviously matter in those cases, in the sense that they
       | always matter, but often aren't the main focus.
       | 
       | Even criminal stuff doesn't usually go to trial, and it's not
       | because of some amazing insight in reading statutes. It's because
       | often, the criminal is obviously guilty (or has no capacity to
       | express why they are innocent) and it's just a negotiation over
       | the terms of a guilty plea. Part of that is knowing the statute,
       | but most is just knowing what other plea deals have been reached
       | in similar cases recently.
        
         | torstenvl wrote:
         | You and I appear to be understanding the OP in entirely
         | different ways.
         | 
         | The value of a lawyer is _not_ in understanding statutes. It is
         | in understanding the system, and being able to make predictions
         | based on that understanding.
         | 
         | From the article: >> _Sure, lawyers are (sometimes) good
         | communicators who are (sometimes) well-prepared, but the real
         | value proposition they offer is prediction._
         | 
         | Prediction matters in M&A, it matters in estate plans, it
         | matters in divorce litigation. How can you properly prepare a
         | merger without anticipating the things that might go wrong? How
         | can you negotiate a cost-effective divorce settlement if you
         | have no idea how the case will go? How can you plan for, well,
         | what happens after your death, if you can't predict how the
         | financials will play out?
        
       | YLYvYkHeB2NRNT wrote:
       | the jury has absolute power in a courtroom. The judge only
       | conducts.
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | Except the judge's rulings determine what evidence the jury is
         | shown. And the judge can overrule the jury with a JNOV - a
         | judgment notwithstanding the verdict.
        
         | AlbertCory wrote:
         | > the judge only conducts
         | 
         | Continuing with your metaphor, the symphony conductor "only
         | conducts" -- he or she doesn't play the instruments.
         | 
         | The judge sustains or overrules objections. They decide what
         | topics may be presented _at all_ via the Motions in Limine [1]
         | which are incredibly important. And much more.
         | 
         | [1] https://legaldictionary.net/motion-in-limine/
        
         | jrm4 wrote:
         | Technically true, and practically questionable because of the
         | psychological way the jury system operates? Which is to say, in
         | the face of that absolutely correct power, the system has
         | developed unfortunately clever ways to make this not seem like
         | the case, see e.g. the undeniable truth, and yet incredibly
         | powerful taboo of even mentioning, "jury nullification."
        
         | mattzito wrote:
         | In jury trials - for many types of court cases there is no
         | jury.
        
         | jagged-chisel wrote:
         | In the U.S.
        
         | eointierney wrote:
         | Eh nope. At least not in common law jurisdictions. I recently
         | sat on a jury (murder trial) in a common law jurisdiction
         | (Republic of Ireland) and the sitting Judge is the judge of
         | Law, and the Jury is the judge of Fact. Apart from that the
         | jury does what it's bloody well told.
        
         | johndhi wrote:
         | Kinda. The jury is the "fact finder" so only they can decide
         | someone is or isn't guilty. However, a judge has the power to
         | dismiss a case before sending it to a jury. They can say,
         | essentially, this case is easy to decide so we don't need a
         | jury. I'll just decide it now.
        
       | darkerside wrote:
       | > Because on one hand, the judge believes himself to be bound by
       | conventions and norms, the gravitational force of precedents, and
       | the judge's internal sense of what ought to be the result. On the
       | other hand, these forces battle against various social forces and
       | structural realities that are far more real than the canons about
       | how you read statutes. Every judgment is the outcome of such a
       | conflict.
       | 
       | Fascinating and excellent point, but I think I'd suggest one
       | nuance to this interpretation. It works this way everywhere, but
       | perhaps in India, the rule of law is in direct conflict with
       | social norms, whereas other countries with rule of law have
       | managed to align law with social convention to avoid this
       | problem.
       | 
       | Imagine a judge interpreting a law that, for example, clearly
       | assigns the death penalty to a child.
        
       | temptemptemp111 wrote:
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Science and Law are the twin pillars of modern civilization -
       | from a theoretical point of view. The approaches are
       | fundamentally different - for example, a court will generally not
       | throw up its hands in despair and say "we can't come to a
       | conclusion on this as we don't have the experimental data yet,
       | maybe in a few decades" - hence the practice of indefinite
       | detention without trial, or indefinite suspension of a civil case
       | - is not legally sound (Gitmo ahem). On the other hand, science
       | has little to say about moral decisions, it simply reports on
       | factual matters. For example, cannibalism is abhored by the legal
       | system but as long as you don't consume the brains & nervous
       | tissue (prion diseases etc.), and cook it thoroughly, flesh is
       | basically flesh, say the scientists. Hence it can be rather
       | unwise to let scientists make moral decisions (John von Neumann
       | wanting to surprise-nuke the Soviet Union and slaughter a hundred
       | million people is a notable example, as is Mengele's interest in
       | acquiring human subjects for medical experimentation), and
       | equally unwise to let lawyers make decisions about scientific
       | issues such as the role of fossil fuels in global warming, or the
       | safety and efficacy of vaccines (politicians who were shady
       | lawyers in their past lives controlling the budgets of federal
       | science-funding agencies comes to mind as a negative example).
       | 
       | The _practice_ of science and law is, in contrast to the
       | theoretical ideal, woefully corrupt, biased and untrustworthy in
       | our modern world. Finding a lawyer or scientist capable of
       | explaining complex topics in their domain without trying to
       | manipulate things for their own personal benefit is a fairly
       | difficult process, much like sifting dirt to find gems. The fact
       | is, science and law requires intelligent individuals, but
       | intelligence without any self-consistent moral code easily leads
       | to the clever self-serving manipulator and con artist types.
       | 
       | Any business or government entity that needs to hire scientists
       | and lawyers to make progress has their work cut out for them,
       | that's for sure - assuming they want accurate reports, and aren't
       | just trying to get 'reputable experts' on board who will tell the
       | public that toxic waste is good for your health, or to find shady
       | lawyers who will help hide the profits in offshore tax havens.
        
       | t_mann wrote:
       | > _Law is an impressionistic business, much less scientific than
       | macroeconomics or inflation management_
       | 
       | Not sure if this is an intended jab at economists or just an
       | ironic misconception. Macroeconomics is arguably the academic
       | discipline with the worst track record in terms of prediction,
       | and inflation is the biggest mystery within there. I remember in
       | 2014, then ECB president Mario Draghi was asked whether stimulus
       | measures he had just announced wouldn't lead to inflation. His
       | response (paraphrased from memory) - "Where is the inflation? We
       | know it might come, but we don't see it. We see an immediate
       | crisis, so we take are taking these measures to deal with that,
       | once we see inflation we'll deal with that."
        
         | sib wrote:
         | As one of my advisors in college (very senior, tenured
         | macroeconomic professor, who had been on a US President's board
         | of economic advisors) said to me,
         | 
         | "If you lined all the economists in the world up end-to-end,
         | they still wouldn't reach a conclusion!"
        
         | adrianmonk wrote:
         | I don't see how saying "my professional (law) is worse than
         | that other profession (macroeconomics)" is a jab.
         | 
         | A jab would be the other way around: "the only thing worse than
         | my profession is that other profession".
        
         | civilized wrote:
         | If it's not a jab at macro it's the most insane thing I've ever
         | read. Macro has a couple successes but, whenever I have contact
         | with it, it mostly seems to be a collection of competing,
         | politically-flavored voodoo ideologies with no clear way to
         | decide which if any is illuminating.
        
       | roenxi wrote:
       | > In societies somewhere in between, with a flawed rule of law,
       | like India, these predictions are impossibly hard to make.
       | 
       | I think this is overselling the stability of the judicial process
       | in the UK, US and other countries with a strong grounding in the
       | rule of law. Without getting to political, sometimes judicial
       | controversies spring up in the US. The issue is there are
       | centuries of norms to fall back on. India doesn't have that yet -
       | they have millennia of history in being the centre of
       | civilisation but not in how the current legal system should be
       | applied under the governance of the sweaty masses of voting
       | Indians.
       | 
       | India is going to be more politically dynamic than the US at the
       | moment because it is bigger and its ability to direct itself
       | democratically is a bit younger. So judges are going to be harder
       | to predict regardless of how strong the rule of law is - there is
       | effectively less data even assuming a perfect rule of law.
        
         | pixl97 wrote:
         | > sometimes judicial controversies spring up in the US.
         | 
         | I think you are massively understating the instability the
         | SCOTUS has presented in the past few weeks by overturning
         | existing case law.
        
           | skybrian wrote:
           | Yes, that has added to the instability, but most court cases
           | are unlike the ones that go all the way to the Supreme Court.
        
             | johannes1234321 wrote:
             | True, few cases go there, but the recent decision means,
             | that there is no such thing as "settled law" anymore. The
             | Supreme Court may change its oppiin on any thing, thus on
             | lower courts it's harder to say "see, there was that
             | decision, we follow it" but there is more freedom to derive
             | from it.
        
           | gunfighthacksaw wrote:
           | The repeal of Roe v Wade was a gut punch for me, but I've
           | known it was entirely possible for quite a long time. Plus
           | some states have had trigger laws forever so that's hardly
           | surprising.
           | 
           | Yes, there will be instability, but it's not the chaotic out-
           | of-the-blue kind, unless you're wilfully ignorant of the anti
           | abortion movement, or extremely naive to the motivations of
           | that bloc.
        
             | short_sells_poo wrote:
             | As a slight tangent since you seem to be knowledgeable:
             | what is the motivation of the anti abortion bloc? I feel
             | that godliness and a true care for life yet unborn is not
             | it, because the bloc does not exhibit these qualities in
             | many other areas...
        
               | m0llusk wrote:
               | A different framing can be revealing. For some years the
               | state in the US with the lowest number of abortions per
               | capita was Massachusetts where abortions are not only
               | readily available but also essentially free. The big
               | difference is that sex education and contraception are
               | pervasively available. In the areas that support a ban on
               | abortions sex education and contraception have limited
               | availability. Instead people are supposed to abstain
               | until they commit to a partner for procreation.
               | Abstinence is unrealistic, so this results in youthful
               | sexual experimentation starting families. There are
               | effectively two different ways of living here with
               | abortion being linked to sex education and contraception
               | and how ideas about how families should be formed and
               | pregnancies planned or not.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Eh, I do think it's being repulsed at the idea of killin'
               | babies.
               | 
               | Combined with not weighting the value of the choices of
               | women or the impact on them or their bodies very high.
               | 
               | Look, uh, abortion is kinda a yucky thing. There's not
               | some bright-line moment of change and investiture with
               | consciousness and being that happens at the moment of
               | birth. It's only when you decide the choices and bodily
               | autonomy of the adult woman is more important than the
               | potential of the life growing in her that you can support
               | abortion.
        
               | dcow wrote:
               | I have no religious affiliation beyond accepting others'
               | religions (I'm not atheist because ultimately atheism is
               | overly restrictive in its worldview) and agree that
               | abortion is way more nuanced than what modern feminists
               | present. Personally, I've been on both sides of the
               | spectrum at different points in my life. I believe I am
               | now somewhere in the middle and the reasons are not in
               | any way religious. They're based on my lived experience
               | more-so than high school ethics. But man the amount that
               | people want to reduce this to "fuck religion" is really
               | annoying. No one wants to admit it's a yucky issue.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | > I'm not atheist because ultimately atheism is overly
               | restrictive in its worldview
               | 
               | I don't consider myself atheist either. But I do not
               | believe in any sort of god. I figure 'atheist' actually
               | goes a little too far in making assumptions, so I prefer
               | 'ignostic.'
               | 
               | On the bright side, people hear what they want to hear
               | when you use that term. A good chunk of my extended
               | family, who I otherwise quite like, are evangelical
               | christians and not particularly tolerant of atheists
               | (they wouldn't spit in your face, but it makes them
               | intensely uncomfortable). They don't hear 'ignostic' they
               | hear 'agnostic' and that is considerably less offensive
               | to them. I do not correct their understanding, because
               | the conflict is unnecessary and would not improve
               | anyone's life.
               | 
               | > the amount that people want to reduce this to "fuck
               | religion"
               | 
               | A lot of blame for this lies with religious folks trying
               | to make laws based on their religion. I get a little
               | irritated about that myself. Your religion is your
               | business, but I have every right to live my life free
               | from your religious beliefs. As soon as they started
               | making it a core part of their political platform, it
               | became more acceptable to adopt the "fuck religion"
               | attitude in response.
        
               | calvinmorrison wrote:
               | and "the gloves are off". If the entire government just
               | spent 2 years justifying the coerced vaccination of the
               | masses - all thought bodily autonomy thrown out for the
               | greater good? Sure the Rightwingers are happy to play
               | that game as well.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | IMO comparing vaccination to women's bodily autonomy is a
               | bad faith argument. Vaccination is about protecting
               | society -- the protection it offers individuals who get
               | the vaccine is incidental.
               | 
               | Anti-abortion folks have a stronger argument, IMO, by
               | focusing on the liberty of the unborn child. Both sides
               | refuse to give up ground, however, for political reasons.
               | The logical conclusion is that there is a point somewhere
               | on the scale between 0 and 9 months where a fetus gains
               | enough liberty to qualify for rights of its own that can
               | be balanced against the rights of the mother. I hope some
               | day we can come together to define that point and codify
               | it.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > to qualify for rights of its own that can be balanced
               | against the rights of the mother.
               | 
               | I'm not sure how much I agree. If you were grafted to my
               | arm and that was keeping you alive... I would think it
               | would be within my rights to remove you.
        
               | calvinmorrison wrote:
               | Arguments don't matter, in the end, really
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | In the long run, "in the end", arguments are all that
               | matters.
               | 
               | Sure, not many mature people are convinced. But people
               | growing up and developing their positions are influenced.
               | And even those of us who are not fully convinced tend to
               | build some nuance into our positions to cope with the
               | stronger arguments.
        
               | Veelox wrote:
               | > what is the motivation of the anti abortion bloc?
               | 
               | I'm going to take this question seriously. The pro-life
               | bloc is sincere when they say they think killing a fetus
               | after conception is murder. They also on average have
               | right leaning policy. Since you didn't list specifically
               | what you meant by "exhibit these quantities" so this is
               | guessing. I see a lot of arguments from left leaning
               | folks that round to "if pro-life people were REALLY pro-
               | life they would agree with all my policies (health care,
               | climate change, gun control, ect)" and then use this
               | argument to say pro-life people are liars. Nope, they
               | just disagree about when killing the pre-born humans
               | counts as murder.
        
             | pm90 wrote:
             | If you read the opinions they're not very convincing.
             | They're making up principles to adhere to which did not
             | exist before, and doing this for things that have broad
             | support in the US population.
             | 
             | So it is quite chaotic out of the blue kind. Essentially
             | the Judges are ruling by decree and will strike down _any_
             | law that's not explicitly enumerated in the constitution
             | (and even there they will certainly weaken the law as we
             | saw with Roe v Wade).
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | A lot of people think it's possible to read the
               | constitution literally and divine what the words mean. To
               | them, all of this makes perfect sense, because they can't
               | see how the previous rulings ever fit what the
               | constitution prescribes.
               | 
               | I sympathize, but clearly there is _far more_ to our laws
               | than just the words on that document. It 's just the set
               | of principles providing some foundation. Hell, we started
               | with " _congress_ shall make no law... " and extrapolated
               | that all the way to pretty much any institution funded by
               | taxes. Clearly a literal reading has limits.
        
               | rland wrote:
               | In light of recent events, the only conclusion I can
               | arrive at is that originalism as a legal theory was a
               | decades-long project created with the express purpose of
               | overturning the Warren-era jurisprudence. Roe is the
               | first salvo, but there are many more regressions coming.
               | 
               | It was not created as a good-faith "alternate
               | interpretation." It is not a cohesive or logical theory.
               | It is, instead, a weapon, whose targets should be clear
               | to everyone now. The way the weapon works is that you
               | assume that it is being made in good faith and engage
               | with it on its own terms. And then, again and again, get
               | owned. Because the other guy is just making stuff up, and
               | you, the sucker, are actually arguing.
               | 
               | I'm not _quite_ in conspiracy territory yet, but I really
               | would like to know what they are saying out loud behind
               | closed doors at the Federalist Society HQ.
        
           | turdit wrote:
        
         | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
         | the sheer number of mindnumbing number of open cases in indian
         | judiciary is the problem.
         | 
         | Here are a couple of livestreams of high courts in india
         | https://www.youtube.com/c/BlackGownlaw
         | https://www.youtube.com/c/GujaratHighCourtLive/videos
         | 
         | you can easily find courts right now hearing cases from 20-30
         | years ago meaning all that time, the case has been delayed for
         | some reason or the other.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-1qOtI9zv8
         | 
         | here is a hearing for a person who has been incarcerated for 4
         | years and no charges have been filed against him. the court
         | granted him bail but it only took the court 4 years to do so.
         | 
         | edit: that said, it is simply not a question of increasing the
         | number of courts because apparently it costs milions and
         | millions to set up a single courtroom.
         | 
         | things have definitely improved in the last decades as
         | arbitration is given preference, there is things like "lok
         | adalats" where small cases are heard in a quick succession so
         | that case loads are reduced.
        
       | jwsteigerwalt wrote:
       | From a consultative standpoint, a good lawyer is can be a
       | reflection of being a good client. The same applies to business
       | departments working with corporate counsel. Keeping questions and
       | asks objective leads to objective response.
        
       | memcg wrote:
       | I recently looked up a lawyer that I used a decade ago. Seems he
       | was convicted of a federal crime and disbarred. He is now a
       | judge.
        
       | jrm4 wrote:
       | Great analysis. Even though we see the warts all of the time, I'm
       | so incredibly impressed by "law," and I didn't get to this point
       | until I was well out of law school.
       | 
       | Why I'm impressed is how well the law holds itself together in
       | the face of the _massive weight_ of influences that have every
       | reason in the world to try to corrupt it. It 's just all too easy
       | to speculate (or read historically) how easy it is to corrupt
       | this kind of power (religion, violence, fear etc) and how this
       | general notion of "No, we're going to dress up like grownups and
       | do our damndest to figure this out with reasoning" is so great.
        
         | rland wrote:
         | The counter-point would be the criminal legal system, which has
         | spectacularly failed to resist the influence of injustice, and
         | not just historically! I suppose if you have only spent time in
         | civil proceedings (depending on the type of proceeding...) you
         | could hold the view that it is mostly free of corruption. On
         | the federal judiciary, I think we really ought to dispense of
         | the idea that political influence is somehow separate from
         | jurisprudence. Recent events ought to have made that clear.
         | 
         | I'm a little bothered by how _sacred_ the courts are in public
         | imagination. I think it 's actually harmful to consider them
         | so. We deny that the courts are a fallible institution, which
         | at times enables and empowers bad actors, at our peril.
        
         | throwaway5752 wrote:
         | Great point. The difficult thing, on this forum, is it is
         | weighted towards younger and very accomplished computer
         | scientists. Sometimes the impulse, when seeing complexity
         | that's hard to understand (medicine, regulation, law), is to be
         | frustrated and dismiss it. Law is amazing and much older than
         | programming, and one of the underrated human inventions. The
         | fact we aren't constantly killing each other over small
         | disputes is amazing when you really consider it.
        
           | daniel-cussen wrote:
           | Many small disputes start as somebody threatening somebody
           | else over like 1C/. Yeah like 1C/, I've gone through that,
           | I've taken somebody to court after escalating the fuck out of
           | a 1C/ cost. Small claims, went alone, the counterparty didn't
           | go to negotiations, I spoke my piece, showed my evidence,
           | corrected their translator because I spoke both languages
           | perfectly, didn't interrupt the judge, suppressed laughter
           | which the transcriber saw and smiled, but that's not
           | harmful...and got everything I asked for, because I asked for
           | exactly what I deserved. Compound interest too, 10% a year,
           | so I can sell that debt to collections or hound that old
           | landlady down myself, which would be a learning experience.
           | Context, she cheated me out of the deposit and now owes me
           | triple plus court costs plus another $45 item she cheated me
           | out of, so like...payback is a bitch.
           | 
           | Biggest problem with small claims court, because there is a
           | problem with it...don't sell popcorn. That is a problem,
           | apart from that problem it's great but that is a problem and
           | that means small claims has a problem...they should sell
           | popcorn. And also the amounts are too small, small claims
           | should go up to $50000, courts are the last to adjust for
           | inflation, so it sucks.
           | 
           | And the judges get cheated out of wages can't even afford to
           | protect themselves, the jury gets the minimum wage like what
           | the fuck, that's disgusting, they should always get quadruple
           | the minimum wage because they're participating in civil
           | matters which is a legitimate priviledge of a law-abiding
           | citizen.
           | 
           | But in court? You can win.
        
           | rgifford wrote:
           | > Law is amazing and much older than programming...
           | 
           | And boy does it show. Recent events have me examining The
           | Supreme Court and American law from a programmers
           | perspective. And let me tell you, there are warts:
           | 
           | The Supreme Court is comprised of lifelong appointees, mostly
           | in the dwindling twilight of their cognitive ability. This
           | made sense when we didn't understand cognitive decline. Now
           | with the rapid pace of technological progress, it's a joke.
           | To be plain, I don't know of any ICs their age able to keep
           | up. They move up or age out.
           | 
           | The whole legal rationalist ideal that you can start from the
           | base principles of the constitution and reason up
           | indefinitely is ridiculous. We programmers have all sorts of
           | tooling to navigate code bases larger than we can readily
           | keep in our heads. That tooling regularly fails us. The best
           | programmers I've worked with regularly hit compiler errors.
           | This all happens in the sterile environment of code. Why
           | should I believe that judges, who can't even agree on whether
           | to interpret the constitution in a modern lens or hold to its
           | writers original intentions, are less susceptible to
           | irrationality or bias or plain incompetence with far less
           | tooling? A lot of modern psychology suggests they can't.
           | 
           | For all you programmers out there, read a handful of legal
           | documents. As far as complex logical reasoning goes, it comes
           | off like a kid building a treehouse compared to code for even
           | simple web apps. The legal profession needs to recognize its
           | limitations and catch up with the times. Here are some ideas:
           | 
           | - Rigorous, regular cognitive testing after for all licensed
           | legal professionals older than 45. You have to pass a test to
           | drive in old age, but you can sentence someone to life in
           | prison no problem.
           | 
           | - Term limits for everyone, everywhere.
           | 
           | - In certain cases, law should embrace statistics. Certain
           | cases aren't suited for proposition-like rule based
           | reasoning. Law needs a larger tool chest that can make
           | argument based not on precedent, but on what exists right now
           | in American society.
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | You misunderstand. Law is about _persuasion_ - which is to
             | say it 's a combination of marketing, power plays,
             | intimidation, theatrical performance, bureaucratic
             | procedure, and politics.
             | 
             | The logical (verbal) reasoning element is only relevant in
             | those situations where it can be used as a tool of
             | persuasion. It's not the only tool, and it isn't even the
             | most powerful one.
             | 
             | It is absolutely _nothing_ like coding in any sense at all.
             | 
             | For example - term limits seem like an obvious solution.
             | But how would they be administered? For whose benefit? Who
             | chooses replacements? How often, and in what circumstances?
             | How would recalls and impeachments work?
             | 
             | Legislation would have to cover all of those details and
             | more. And the people writing the legislation would be
             | lawyers.
             | 
             | Because you can't just wave a hand and say "term limits,
             | yeh?" and expect that to solve anything.
        
               | jrm4 wrote:
               | 100%. Relatedly, this is why I'm ultra-skeptical of just
               | about everything AI is hyped up to be these days.
               | Computers are _nowhere near_ us in terms of being able to
               | synthesize all this stuff and actually doing helpful
               | things for humans in this space.
        
               | rgifford wrote:
               | > Law is about persuasion...
               | 
               | Yep, we have an adversarial, common law system. So we
               | measure our lawyers on their ability to manipulate
               | regardless of the moral or social outcome. I don't think
               | this is a facet of law in general, so much as a legal
               | system that hasn't grown past ~1790.
        
             | d110af5ccf wrote:
             | > mostly in the dwindling twilight of their cognitive
             | ability
             | 
             | Have you actually read SCOTUS trial transcripts? Because
             | they come across as incredibly sharp people to me even when
             | I don't agree with their views.
             | 
             | > A lot of modern psychology suggests they can't.
             | 
             | Actually there are psychology studies examining
             | professionals who have to deal with bias (scientists,
             | judges, etc) that indicate that the competent ones tend to
             | slightly over rather than under compensate.
             | 
             | > Law needs a larger tool chest that can make argument
             | based not on precedent, but on what exists right now in
             | American society.
             | 
             | How is that different than legislating from the bench?
             | Isn't updating laws a job best reserved for the
             | legislature?
        
               | rgifford wrote:
               | > Have you actually read SCOTUS trial transcripts?
               | Because they come across as incredibly sharp people to me
               | even when I don't agree with their views.
               | 
               | Yes. Get nine professionals together to write a subject
               | matter document over a year. I don't care who they are,
               | that document will appear at least superficially put
               | together. I have lots of thoughts/criticism. This isn't
               | the conversation for that, so here's just one of those
               | criticisms:
               | 
               | > Attempts to justify abortion through appeals to a
               | broader right to autonomy and to define one's "concept of
               | existence" prove too much. Casey, 505 U. S., at 851.
               | Those criteria, at a high level of generality, could
               | license fundamental rights to illicit drug use,
               | prostitution, and the like.
               | 
               | Oh no, drug use and prostitution could be licensed too?
               | Obviously those are terrible and morally repugnant.
               | Backtracking is clearly necessary. What? Why? This isn't
               | the 1970s and the nation isn't 100% on board with Reagan
               | and the war on drugs anymore. A majority of Americans
               | support decriminalizing sex work for example. This point
               | IS contentious, but it's treated as though it's self
               | justifying. It so obviously comes from minds trapped in a
               | bygone era where traditionalist values went unquestioned,
               | where appeals to them were enough.
               | 
               | > Actually there are psychology studies examining
               | professionals who have to deal with bias (scientists,
               | judges, etc) that indicate that the competent ones tend
               | to slightly over rather than under compensate.
               | 
               | I'd love to see these studies. I don't know what
               | over/under compensate means in this context or how that
               | says anything about cognitive decline.
               | 
               | > How is that different than legislating from the bench?
               | Isn't updating laws a job best reserved for the
               | legislature?
               | 
               | The pace of technological progress is increasing. It has
               | surpassed our legislative ability even under the best of
               | circumstances. We aren't in the best of circumstances.
               | Our legislature hasn't effectively represented popular
               | interests for years now [1].
               | 
               | 1. https://act.represent.us/sign/problempoll-fba/
        
               | ddingus wrote:
               | While I agree with the legislature is not representing
               | the people well at all, I disagree on pace of tech change
               | being the reason.
               | 
               | The reason is money. Specifically, bribes are legal here,
               | even encouraged.
               | 
               | The product of that is a government representing money,
               | not the people, and our law says we should be self
               | governed, not lorded over as we have seen happen for
               | quite a while now.
        
             | billyhoffman wrote:
             | I understand what you are saying about declining cognitive
             | abilities, and don't necessarily disagree. However the
             | lifetime appointment of US Supreme Court justices is a
             | purposeful designed feature, not a bug. It is to foster an
             | independent justice branch that is not beholden to the
             | president that appointed them, because the justice can
             | simply "outlast" the presidents term
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _that is not beholden to the president that appointed
               | them, because the justice can simply "outlast" the
               | presidents term_
               | 
               | And to ensure they aren't beholden to the guy promising
               | them their next job. Compromise could be you become a
               | nonvoting member of the Court after a certain age. You
               | can ask questions at trial, deliberate with other
               | members, _et cetera_. But you don't sign opinions or
               | dissents.
        
               | rgifford wrote:
               | > However the lifetime appointment of US Supreme Court
               | justices is a purposeful designed feature...
               | 
               | It was a feature in a time when white men lived, on
               | average, to the ripe old age of 38.
               | 
               | I'm tired of treating anything the founding fathers came
               | up with as sacred. Different time, completely different
               | context. Economics, psychology, and almost all of STEM
               | didn't even exist then. They did not know what they were
               | doing. They got lucky in almost every regard.
               | 
               | Keep in mind in all of human history only about 1/4 of
               | violent revolutions are successful, many that "succeeded"
               | left all parties involved much worse off. America,
               | especially in its inception, was an incredible anomaly
               | that far too many paint as something more in the name of
               | American exceptionalism.
               | 
               | EDIT: Look, our legislature is a complete and abject
               | failure. It's completely gridlocked, arguably by the
               | design of private interests. If it were working to
               | reflect popular interest, I imagine American law and
               | government would look very different. I don't think any
               | of what I'm suggesting here would be even slightly
               | controversial to be quite honest.
        
               | honkdaddy wrote:
               | Very little of what the founding fathers wrote is
               | considered sacred, I've never really heard people make
               | the case that it should be. What is considered sacred by
               | some Americans is the constitution, but I think you'll
               | find yourself in a small minority if you think it should
               | be thrown away. It doesn't really matter if you're tired
               | of hearing about it, it's a very common American
               | perception that the rules set out in the constitution
               | should still remain the cornerstone of legal precedent in
               | their country. It's nice to say that those old white men
               | were hacks who got lucky and we should give it a rest
               | with the constitution thing, but most people here don't
               | really feel that way.
        
               | rgifford wrote:
               | A majority of Americans think we should interpret the
               | constitution in a modern light [1]. The young, secular,
               | internet-age population are going to challenge the
               | constitution further as the generation of Reagan and
               | American exceptionalism go to the nursing home. I'm sure
               | of it. It's a shame we have to suffer the death rattle of
               | traditionalists in the meantime.
               | 
               | 1. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-
               | tank/2018/05/11/growing-sha...
        
               | d110af5ccf wrote:
               | > a time when white men lived, on average, to the ripe
               | old age of 38
               | 
               | That is a meaningless figure. Those that survived to
               | adulthood had similar lifespans to us.
               | 
               | > I'm tired of treating anything the founding fathers
               | came up with as sacred.
               | 
               | This is a common refrain from people who want to change
               | things as they see fit against the wishes of those who
               | disagree with them. If there were broad consensus to
               | change the law as written then presumably the legislature
               | would vote to do so. You are attacking the credibility of
               | the institution rather than admit that something like
               | half of the country doesn't share your views.
        
               | rgifford wrote:
               | > If there were broad consensus to change the law as
               | written then presumably the legislature would vote to do
               | so.
               | 
               | The legislature does not represent popular interests any
               | more and hasn't for years [1]. This is widely studied and
               | accepted. You can see it plainly even in its demographic
               | and socioeconomic composition.
               | 
               | We don't have enough of a shared reality here to come to
               | agreement and should agree to disagree.
               | 
               | 1. https://act.represent.us/sign/problempoll-fba/
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | That's a cute study you've linked: "opinions of average
               | citizens don't matter, it's the money and power that make
               | the law." This must be the greatest revelation since
               | Ancient Greece.
        
               | knighthack wrote:
               | > _Different time, completely different context.
               | Economics, psychology, and almost all of STEM didn 't
               | even exist then. They did not know what they were doing.
               | They got lucky in almost every regard._
               | 
               | I disagree. Technology and knowledge changes. Base human
               | nature doesn't.
               | 
               | It's not about "treating anything the founding fathers
               | came up with as sacred". Nor about the average age and
               | baseline knowledge then and now.
               | 
               | It's that humans are subject to influence. And members of
               | the judiciary - decision makers of the most obvious kind
               | - are _especially_ likely to be influenced if their
               | security can be affected by the passage of time.
               | 
               | Sure, the lifetime appointment does not 'guarantee'
               | anything in terms of judicial independence or judicial
               | freedom. But it does enable a judicial member to make
               | decisions, if he/she wants to, in a manner free from the
               | consideration that their politically-'incorrect' choices
               | may cause them to retire, or be retired, early. And that
               | is a security _feature_ that judges must be afforded,
               | however old they may be, in order to let them freely make
               | decisions that they think are the best possible, whether
               | they subscribe to originalist views or are judicial
               | activists.
        
         | systemvoltage wrote:
         | I am always impressed by lawyers. Even bad ones. They all seem
         | to have this unwavering intellectualism that governs how they
         | speak, write, and engage in their profession.
         | 
         | For instance, I find Supreme Court opinions interesting to read
         | because they have a tremendous gravitas and intellectual
         | discourse. Compare this with reading memos of the executive
         | branch for passing a bill or listening to politicians in
         | congress.
         | 
         | Law and the profession of Lawyers is fantastically _fine_. I
         | don 't see this in any other profession, even Doctors.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | My experience is that the system is rife with incompetence and
         | convenient inconsistencies.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | mdanger007 wrote:
           | Justice is great for those who can afford it!
        
         | humanistbot wrote:
         | You didn't have to read (new) legal realism or critical legal
         | studies in law school?
        
       | johndhi wrote:
       | In my experience as a lawyer at tech companies:
       | 
       | -bad lawyers creative an antagonist relationship with their
       | internal colleagues in sales and contribute to distrust
       | 
       | -good lawyers spend a lot of time learning stuff about their
       | clients (engineering, corp dev, sales, whoever) that seems
       | "tangential" to the fundamental legal issues at first blush
       | 
       | -bad lawyers think they know the answer to legal questions facing
       | the company
       | 
       | -good lawyers believe no one knows the answers but by combining
       | their knowledge with that of their clients they can arrive at
       | optimal answers
        
       | johndhi wrote:
       | I'm a lawyer. This makes some good points not everyone realizes
       | but I'll add some caveats:
       | 
       | This is way more relevant in common law countries (US and UK)
       | since in other countries judicial decisions are a lot less
       | important.
       | 
       | Also, it's probably a little litigation focused. For transactions
       | lawyers, for example, their value is in negotiating a better
       | deal.
        
       | iasay wrote:
       | Turn problems into money and money into problems.
        
       | rambambram wrote:
       | > Good lawyers can predict what the judge will do, and can write
       | and say things to maximise the odds of the judge doing what you
       | want him to do.
       | 
       | And before you go to court, good lawyers and legal advisers look
       | at a case also from the angle of what a judge would ultimately
       | consider. So even if there's no judge around and nobody plans to
       | have a judge around to solve the problem at hand, there's always
       | the 'shadow of the law'.
       | 
       | > Law is an impressionistic business, much less scientific than
       | macroeconomics or inflation management, more akin to craft than
       | science.
       | 
       | When I went to law school, one of the professors in the first
       | year told us "law is a prescriptive science, not a descriptive
       | science". That was the moment I could not take it seriously
       | anymore, or the moment from when on I had to take it more
       | seriously. Whatever 'serious' might mean in this case. I still
       | don't have a final answer for myself.
        
       | quacked wrote:
       | I believe Law is one of the fundamental industries of
       | civilization, along with Textiles, War, Food, Medicine, and
       | Shelter. Without a way for disputes to be settled in a
       | (theoretically) predictable and well-documented manner, the other
       | "fundamental industries" will suffer output and availability
       | problems.
        
         | formerkrogemp wrote:
         | You forgot entertainment and accounting.
        
           | notriddle wrote:
           | Also forgot midwifing, babysitting, and education. No
           | professional lives forever, so a civilization must constantly
           | grow and train replacements.
        
             | quacked wrote:
             | Midwifing is medicine, babysitting is not an industry, and
             | formal education was invented in the 1800s. People have
             | been capable of educating each other and watching children
             | without full-time school for thousands of years, it's only
             | recently that westerners completely forgot how to do it.
        
             | AussieWog93 wrote:
             | Don't forget the aqueducts! And sanitation!
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | Shelter, food, and medicine. Worst case you could replace
               | "shelter" with "construction"
        
         | Hendrikto wrote:
         | > [...] Law is one of the fundamental industries of
         | civilization, along with Textiles, War, Food, Medicine, and
         | Shelter.
         | 
         | I think Entertainment is missing from that list.
        
           | quacked wrote:
           | Entertainment doesn't need to be an industry, that will
           | happen naturally among peers unless it's artificially
           | restricted.
        
       | AcerbicZero wrote:
       | Judges should not be lawyers by trade; It creates an insidious
       | incentive structure to make "law" into something far different
       | from what we actually want.
        
       | mypastself wrote:
       | Interesting viewpoint. Never thought of lawyering as essentially
       | professionals contending with their own predictions of a judge's
       | behavior, but it makes sense.
       | 
       | > Law is an impressionistic business, much less scientific than
       | macroeconomics or inflation management
       | 
       | It must be pretty unscientific if it's worse than those.
        
       | groffee wrote:
       | Keep me out of jail hopefully.
        
         | briantakita wrote:
         | Or putting you in jail...unless you can make it worthwhile for
         | a skillful & determined one to represent you.
        
         | markrobin wrote:
        
       | pigtailgirl wrote:
       | -- having been through a fair share of business lawyers over the
       | years - i've finally figured out what I like about the guy I
       | settled on - risk _assumption_ & mitigation - my lawyer explains
       | the risks of different approaches - as well as the potential
       | costs - many lawyers I've used in the past are expensive & cause
       | a lot of issues - I'm not a lawyer - I understand business law at
       | a basic level - if my lawyer says: do it this way - I'm inclined
       | to follow that advice - sometimes that advise is exce$$ive - much
       | prefer a lawyer who says: these are the ways it could be done - a
       | sensible & seasoned lawyer is one of more powerful tools a
       | startup can have - interview lawyers till you find the one --
        
         | berberous wrote:
         | Do you have some sort of personal dislike for the period?
        
           | atwood22 wrote:
           | His lawyer advised him not to end sentences.
        
             | adrianmonk wrote:
             | I thought lawyers usually focus on not starting them.
        
             | claydolatry wrote:
             | A lawyer specializing in risk assumption would have advised
             | not to assume gender
        
               | AussieWog93 wrote:
               | Especially when their username is "pigtailgirl" :P
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | Excuse me - I'm still talking...
        
           | pigtailgirl wrote:
           | -- our quake/ut clan used a double dash at the start & end of
           | msg's on forums & irc back in the day - don't recall why our
           | clan leader came up with it - we already had a -[nick|tag]- -
           | either way it stuck with me - the middle dashes mostly
           | because I think they are marginally easier to read - when I
           | write my notes with a dash to separate the thoughts - i've
           | found it's a bit quicker to skim through - happy to change if
           | you find it annoying --
        
         | Jugurtha wrote:
         | When I started handling a business, I had stumbled upon several
         | problems dealing with our accounting firm (big 4). I caught
         | several mistakes the people they assigned to our account made
         | (such as including VAT in an six figure invoice that was
         | exempted in a particular case. It almost seems they were
         | working for the revenue service). Worse, once they made a
         | mistake registering a new employee for social security, then
         | sent us a recourse document to sign that stated that _we_ made
         | that mistake. It was classless and unprofessional as they
         | either should have owned that in the document or used the
         | passive voice. Our questions went unanswered. We ended up
         | firing them.
         | 
         | When we were looking for a new accountant (another big 4), I
         | made a document with questions that served to interview the
         | lawyer, and all the issues served to draw up the contract and
         | service agreement.
         | 
         | I used to see one to two emails per day from the first
         | accounting firm. Our accounting is basic. One enterprise
         | client. One invoice per month. Few employees. Social security
         | cheque every quarter. Taxes every month. Salary bank transfer
         | every month. Nothing fancy, but somehow the first firm managed
         | to screw this up so badly it ended becoming a massive cognitive
         | load.
        
           | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
           | have you thought about trying local small accounting
           | firms/law firms for your taxes as opposed to monolith "big
           | 4?"
           | 
           | big 4 people will have the best paid execs and partners but
           | the leg work is made to be done by interns and stuff. On the
           | other hand, in a small firm, its all hands on deck to
           | finish/work on a case.
           | 
           | i am a lawyer/accountant in india handling
           | business/litigation of businesses. as a representative of the
           | smaller boutique firms, i would suggest you look up your
           | local firms first as they are more inclined to give more
           | attention and care to your work
        
             | Jugurtha wrote:
             | > _have you thought about trying local small accounting
             | firms /law firms for your taxes as opposed to monolith "big
             | 4?"_
             | 
             | Yes, and we did. On several instances, we had silly
             | problems like the accountant going to vacation right before
             | tax deadline, other frustrations like communication
             | problems.
             | 
             | > _big 4 people will have the best paid execs and partners
             | but the leg work is made to be done by interns and stuff.
             | On the other hand, in a small firm, its all hands on deck
             | to finish /work on a case._
             | 
             | That was one clause in the agreement as I said. Our account
             | was to be handled by seasoned people and we had put in the
             | contract that they had to answer our questions. Granted,
             | they don't always know what to do, but you're not left
             | hanging, but regulations here are another story.
             | 
             | >* smaller boutique firms, i would suggest you look up your
             | local firms first as they are more inclined to give more
             | attention and care to your work*
             | 
             | Done that. It's good advice. Maybe for another company but
             | we needed our accounting to be tight given the direction we
             | wanted to go, and the cost of doing so was almost the same
             | as going with a smaller accounting practice.
        
               | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
               | >Yes, and we did. On several instances, we had silly
               | problems like the accountant going to vacation right
               | before tax deadline, other frustrations like
               | communication problems.
               | 
               | are you saying a small firm's staff took a vacation
               | during tax season? thats very strange. i have had
               | partners in our firm delay their medical procedures til
               | the end of tax season specifically because small offices
               | run a tight ship and loss of a single person means the
               | rest of the team has to stay up late. our office
               | regularly does 82 hour shifts during tax season but i am
               | not even bragging.
               | 
               | >Yes, and we did. On several instances, we had silly
               | problems like the accountant going to vacation right
               | before tax deadline, other frustrations like
               | communication problems.
               | 
               | are you talking about an indian small accounting firm
               | charging as much as a big 4? nice. i would love to be
               | them.
               | 
               | the fees charged by small 1-2-5 partner firms are a
               | magnitude lower than big 4 prices. Indirect tax audit
               | fees is like 30-40K inr in a good small firm while big
               | 4/big firms do not take on cases with fees less than
               | 100-200K inr. But those are my anecdata between our fees
               | and the fees i hear is being charged by friends on those
               | places.
               | 
               | i would love to hear the anonymized specifics of the
               | case, if you are so inclined to share with a total
               | stranger.
               | 
               | anyways, good luck finding a good partner/firm
        
               | Jugurtha wrote:
               | > _are you saying a small firm 's staff took a vacation
               | during tax season? thats very strange._
               | 
               | The company is an LLC equivalent in Algeria. There's no
               | tax season. Tax forms must be submitted and paid before
               | the 20th of every month. Social security before the 30th
               | of every month, or quarterly if the company has fewer
               | than nine employees.
               | 
               | Employees don't do their own taxes; instead, the company
               | withholds the taxes/social security and pays on their
               | behalf (retenue a la source).
               | 
               | And yes, the accountant was unreachable before doing our
               | taxes.
               | 
               | > _are you talking about an indian small accounting firm
               | charging as much as a big 4? nice. i would love to be
               | them._
               | 
               | I'm not sure how I miscommunicated that it was in India.
               | It's not, to be clear.
               | 
               | It's not the small firms charging as high as a big 4,
               | rather the big 4 charging something that's a multiple of
               | smaller firms, but not an order of magnitude. The fees
               | are subject to negotiatons before signing the contract.
               | 
               | The way big 4s are structured allows that. They're a
               | rather independent firms in a network sharing a name.
        
               | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
               | you just explained indian indirect taxes. "tax season" in
               | india is a yearly affair so that is what i wrote.
               | 
               | the indirect taxes, well, there are 2 due dates in a
               | month. 10th and 20th. salary taxes are called "tds" or
               | "tax deduction at source". same, monthly and a quarterly
               | return.
               | 
               | we do have those "network firms" , actually the "big 4"
               | in india is a network of firms who have taken up a name,
               | there isnt any actual EY office, just a name of a
               | network.
               | 
               | >And yes, the accountant was unreachable before doing our
               | taxes.
               | 
               | irresponsible of them. we literally manage our outside-
               | office life based on the 10th and 20th of the month so,
               | 1-10 and 17-20 are no normal holiday days. employees are
               | free to take a leave on 11th-15th or 21-28th of every
               | month but the rest of the days, unless there is a serious
               | emergency, leaves are not entertained much.
               | 
               | a small office usually does not have a tonne of clients
               | (otherwise they would be big) so every client is
               | important. Now why would this particular accountant would
               | go on a vacation on "important dates", i dont know. i can
               | safely say i have never done that and neither have my
               | peers
        
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