[HN Gopher] Mponeng Gold Mine
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       Mponeng Gold Mine
        
       Author : marcinreal
       Score  : 67 points
       Date   : 2022-07-01 06:35 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (en.wikipedia.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (en.wikipedia.org)
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | If you ever get a chance to go down a shaft definitely do so. The
       | really deep ones aren't open to the public generally but smaller
       | ones sometimes do
        
       | diego_moita wrote:
       | This seems to be a place that words can't capture fully but
       | images can.
       | 
       | A documentary team went down there:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lh8qecv7qbs
        
       | roenxi wrote:
       | The Wikipedia page doesn't mention the annual production of the
       | mine - but a linked website suggests around 5.5t/annum.
       | 
       | If you do the maths on that it is an absurdly small volume by the
       | way. You could hide it under a blanket.
        
         | mdorazio wrote:
         | And yet if I did the math right, the gold mined each year still
         | has a market value around $350M. Gold is really expensive.
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | Those shafts are somewhat old & running out of steam. The next
         | door shaft is still producing a bit more but you can see the
         | same trend in the numbers
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TauTona_Mine
        
       | loufe wrote:
       | Mponeng is a mine of extremes. 4km of depth means immense
       | pressures (just think maximum depth people can dive, static
       | pressure increases lineraly with depth as the rock above needs to
       | be supported (and rock bursts). The amount of engineering and
       | resources poured in to support the tunnels and openings gets
       | crazy.
       | 
       | Not only that, but heat is a problem. Here in Quebec the mine
       | Laronde is famous for its air problem. The typical pattern of
       | ventilating mines is to bring air down these tall vertical
       | passages (raises) to just about the bottom of the mine then let
       | it pass to the surface through workings. Cold air in the winter
       | at high speeds means ice build up on the raise wall, which risks
       | decreasing airflow in winter (smaller passage) or
       | flooding/falling ice in summer. So the mine Burns propane in the
       | stream of incoming air. However, the mine is more than 3km deep,
       | so the ambient temperature of the rock grows as that same air
       | continues down, and at some point you reach greater than safe
       | working temperatures, so that exact same air is AC'd further down
       | on a massive scale so the humans and machines can work safely at
       | the bottom. What a headache.
       | 
       | I don't know many specifics about Mponeng but I did was a doc on
       | Youtube about it a couple years ago which miners following very
       | narrow gold seams, reinforcing the opening with blocks of wood,
       | which even they felt weren't safe (wood would only last a short
       | bit of time). Travel time also becomes a big consideration.
       | Workers in most mines travel from the surface to their workplace
       | and back during work hours. If you have 3 or more hoists
       | (elevators) to take, many KMs to get to your workplace after,
       | before/after shift meetings, time to change, etc. you don't get
       | many productive hours from your people. I think Mponeng has at
       | least experimented with having guys sleep underground close to
       | the face for short periods (kinda like on-off rotations in remote
       | mines) to get more effort out of them.
        
         | scrappyjoe wrote:
         | I've packed those wooden jenga blocks during a visit to
         | Kusasalethu mine, which is similar to Mponeng. You can see the
         | older blocks slowly collapsing under the persistent pressure of
         | the hanging rock. Took about 20 minutes working with two
         | miners, squatting in the 120cm high cut of rock leading up to
         | the seam face. By the end of it I was soaked and exhausted.
         | 
         | Even more crazy when you learn that the average age on a South
         | African hard rock mine is approaching 50. I don't know how the
         | drillers keep at it for a full 4 hour shift (2 hour shaft-
         | underground train-3km hike commute to and from the main shaft
         | entrance).
        
         | jl6 wrote:
         | Sounds like a great opportunity to get some telepresence robots
         | down there doing the mining by remote control.
        
       | mkl wrote:
       | The entrance is at about 1560m altitude, so the mine goes way
       | below sea level. It's nowhere near as deep as the Kola Superdeep
       | Borehole though [1], which has been on HN a number of times [2],
       | and is only a narrow bore that people can't go down. The
       | temperature at the bottom of that one got to 180degC, preventing
       | further drilling.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_Superdeep_Borehole
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | https://opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/9-2-the-temperature-of...
         | 
         | This contains some graphs (the 2nd graph is most relevant) that
         | show how the temperature changes as a function of depth. It
         | increases much faster than I thought.
        
         | zeristor wrote:
         | Assuming that air can equalise and the bottom of the mine is
         | 2.5km below sea level, from air pressure calculations air
         | pressure would be about  1/3  more, 1 1/3  atm.
         | 
         | I had an idea to see if plants would grow faster in a denser
         | atmosphere. I've found one small study, I think the air
         | pressure was thought to be denser when dinosaurs were about.
        
           | aaron695 wrote:
        
         | loufe wrote:
         | This story was posted on HN a couple months ago, there is a
         | push right now for use of a somewhat novel technique to drill
         | extremely deep holes, producing geothermal power anywhere on
         | the planet, with several commercial ventures in their early
         | phases:
         | 
         | https://newatlas.com/energy/quaise-deep-geothermal-drilling-...
        
       | tibbydudeza wrote:
       | One of the reasons why I never studied Geology and instead did
       | Computer Science.
       | 
       | I collected rocks - had books on rocks - orientation day at the
       | Geology Dept and the dude told me I am not going to be driving a
       | Landrover but will be working in a mine.
       | 
       | I looked up the deepest mine in the world - recalled a childhood
       | memory of spelunking in the Cango Caves.
       | 
       | Decision made.
        
         | sgt wrote:
         | If you look up Itchy Boots on YouTube, you could be riding a
         | Honda motorcycle around the world. Probably more profitable
         | than being a geologist, too.
        
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