[HN Gopher] Why I'm Cryptophobic
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why I'm Cryptophobic
        
       Author : luisha
       Score  : 199 points
       Date   : 2022-06-30 13:39 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bvp.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bvp.com)
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | Like the failed removal of all closed-source software called for
       | by the free-software movement towards the likes of tech bros at
       | Microsoft, Google, Meta and many other developer still creating
       | it, the same tech bros are now calling for the complete removal
       | and destruction of crypto screaming for all it to die in a fire
       | (which I'm afraid it simply won't.)
       | 
       | Both the crypto skeptics and the crypto maximalists screaming
       | about their very utopian and absolute ideas are both going to be
       | very disappointed once crypto regulations come around the corner.
        
       | viksit wrote:
       | Relevant counterpoint from the same firm. The antidote to crypto
       | phobia.
       | 
       | https://www.bvp.com/atlas/the-antidote-to-cryptophobia
        
       | puranjay wrote:
       | > state's fiat powers come from its credibility, transparency and
       | the power of taxation
       | 
       | Nope. State's fiat powers come from its monopoly on violence.
       | 
       | Completely opaque and corrupt states have fiat currencies too.
       | Many thriving ones. The only reason people use these fiat
       | currencies is because not doing so invites violence from the
       | state - imprisonment and fines at best, actual physical violence
       | at worst.
        
       | tduan wrote:
       | I've always been supportive and even excited about what the
       | technology promises, but when I reconcile it with any use cases,
       | I simply can't get behind the valuations we see. Excluding it
       | being the main payment vehicle for banks, institutions, and
       | individuals (I strongly disagree with this prospect), all the
       | other use cases become increasingly niche. BTC at it's peak was
       | at a 2 trillion dollar market cap. Gold at the same time was
       | ~10-12 trillion. I respect lindyness and 3000+ years of gold
       | being the best store of value, is enough confidence that BTC
       | isn't gonna be the next big thing - if it aims to replace it.
        
       | mjburgess wrote:
       | There needs to be some basic economics here..
       | 
       | Money has value because of the value of the _economic
       | transactions_ in which its conducted.
       | 
       | Government-backed currencies are _forced_ to have value in the
       | sense they _force_ people to use it for their taxes. The US,
       | additionally, forces the world to use it for oil trades.
       | 
       |  _Value_ is in those economic transactions. A currency is just a
       | "liquifying" of that value, to make it easier to spread around.
       | So that 1hr of my time/output can be more easily traded for 1hr
       | of another persons. We are still _just trading output_.
       | 
       | For BTC (or any coin) to have any value, it needs actual economic
       | transactions to be conducted in it. If there arent any, its value
       | is smoke-and-mirrors; its not real. If you can't trade the market
       | cap of bitcoin for _actual economic output_ , it isnt actual
       | economic value.
       | 
       | Imagine doing that right now. Imagine BTC was actually used for
       | any scale of economic transactions. It would collapse overnight.
        
         | cypress66 wrote:
         | As much as I enjoy (and actually use) crypto, you touch a very
         | important point.
         | 
         | No current cryptocurrency that is even remotely decentralized,
         | offers good throughput / scalability / tps.
         | 
         | Bitcoin has Lightning and it's in my opinion fundamentally
         | flawed in its UX. It hasn't picked up much adoption after many
         | years for what it's worth.
         | 
         | Ethereum has many L2 solutions in development but they are many
         | years away from being finished (actually scalable, safe,
         | decentralized)
         | 
         | I don't know much about other cryptocurrencies but from what
         | I've seen they all are either very centralized or not scalable
         | either (see the Blockchain Trillema)
        
           | koonsolo wrote:
           | Nano uses what they call a "block lattice" which is based on
           | DAG's. Seems to work both in theory and practice: 0 fees,
           | sub-second transactions and can handle thousands of tps.
        
         | welshwelsh wrote:
         | Imagine a future where the vast majority of work is automated.
         | Most of this is computationally expensive work, such as
         | training large neural networks, and the average program takes a
         | substantial amount of resources to run, comparable to paying a
         | human worker.
         | 
         | In this scenario, labor power has been replaced by GPU power,
         | which can be measured in terms of electricity. Everything from
         | ordering a meal at a restaurant to building a house to
         | designing a new computer system can be measured this way, and
         | the price of everything is tightly coupled to the price of
         | electricity and the price of compute.
         | 
         | Under these conditions, it might make sense that
         | programs/robots would incorporate smart contracts or
         | participate in some sort of generalized proof-of-work system to
         | finance themselves. Running a program would require currency as
         | input to cover the computational cost of actually running the
         | program, even if the program is open source.
         | 
         | That's where I see this going. Traditional currency is great
         | for incentivizing human labor, but the problem is it's not
         | designed to be programmable.
        
           | maury91 wrote:
           | People being paid by the hour is just a result of simplifying
           | work, in the very past everyone was a merchant and they sold
           | their goods/services.
           | 
           | The same old behaviour should be applied to machines, it
           | doesn't matter how much resource a machine takes to do the
           | job, what is important is the output. The pay should not be
           | X*Watts, but X agreed in advance for training that specific
           | neural network, this type of market incentives evolution,
           | where the machines that can do the same job with lower
           | resources have the lower hand
        
             | yellowapple wrote:
             | > in the very past everyone was a merchant and they sold
             | their goods/services
             | 
             | In the past nearly everyone was a serf and they provided
             | their goods/services to their lieges in exchange for basic
             | needs like having someplace to live.
             | 
             | In the present it's pretty much the same thing, except with
             | us serfs being paid wages (which we then end up spending
             | most of as rent and taxes) and serving multiple lieges.
        
               | bandrami wrote:
               | I normally push back at calling consumer capitalism
               | "freedom", but the freedom to leave your employment is a
               | huge one and the serfs didn't have that. The whole idea
               | of just being able to pick up and move somewhere would be
               | alien to most historical peasants.
        
               | yellowapple wrote:
               | That's part of what I'm getting at with the "multiple
               | lieges" bit. Feudal lordship and fealty are more fungible
               | now than they were centuries ago, but the fundamental
               | power dynamic remains; being able to swap out lords
               | ostensibly at will is one of those "illusion of freedom"
               | things that helps us feel slightly less bad about our
               | exploitation.
        
           | aabhay wrote:
           | Why not? What's to prevent two parties from creating a
           | digital smart contract denominated in dollars? Don't we
           | already do this with things like credit card pre-auth? And
           | the best part is that the transaction is backed by a
           | predictable rule of law as long as the transaction takes
           | place within a country.
        
             | ETH_start wrote:
             | The traditional financial system and the political system
             | it rests on are too unstable.
             | 
             | Witness Moscow commuters not being able to enter their
             | metro as Apple Pay cuts them off.
             | 
             | Witness the AML surveillance regime shutting out entire
             | countries:
             | 
             | https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2020/10/23/money-
             | reimagined-...
        
               | throwaway413 wrote:
               | If a geopolitical climate is too volatile for fiat to
               | provide value, what good is it that crypto can isolate
               | its stability (it can't) if the humans who would use it
               | have bigger problems than how to pay with money they
               | already have in some form? Supply chains, physical
               | force/warfare, climate, etc. If fiat is breaking down,
               | there are surely bigger problems at play. How does
               | solving the ability to transfer money solve the overall
               | stability of the situation?
               | 
               | Per your example, ok Apple Pay got cut off. Is the
               | transit system going to support crypto? Will they be able
               | to run their business and make that transition with
               | regulators? It's a drastic measure that cuts one off from
               | the structures that they physically exist in, and unless
               | those structures are overall crypto-supportive, they
               | would just be putting themselves further between a rock
               | and hard place (which as we've seen by the lack of
               | serious business adoption, companies and orgs are not
               | really willing to take that risk in any meaningful way)
               | 
               | Edit: I agree with your use of the term "regime" and am
               | not arguing against the sentiment of your point. Just
               | that I don't think crypto actually has the backbone to
               | solve it, there's not enough physical-world tie in yet
               | for it to have the leverage it needs to truly overcome
               | the global financial regimes that are neck-deep in fiat
               | and physical assets that actually impact everyday
               | peoples' lives.
        
               | ETH_start wrote:
               | >>Per your example, ok Apple Pay got cut off. Is the
               | transit system going to support crypto? Will they be able
               | to run their business and make that transition with
               | regulators?
               | 
               | That's the big question. But assuming for a moment that
               | crypto can act as a substitute for traditional
               | centralized payment systems, then it has significant
               | advantages in some contexts over those systems.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | > But assuming for a moment that crypto can act as a
               | substitute for traditional centralized payment systems,
               | then it has significant advantages in some contexts over
               | those systems.
               | 
               | Except that, fundamentally, distributed permission-less
               | systems can't come close to the computational efficiency
               | of centralized systems. So this is like "assuming
               | perpetual motion machines existed, we could build a post-
               | scarcity society" levels of assumption.
        
               | ETH_start wrote:
               | I don't think that is established. Distributed and
               | permissionless systems don't need to handle the overhead
               | of access control. They do have the computational
               | overhead of massive redundancy, but that can be
               | significantly reduced with zk-(SNARK/STARK) cryptography
               | that provides succinct zero-knowledge proofs of validity.
               | 
               | With zk-proofs, the redundancy of a blockchain can be
               | significantly reduced without comprimising security. What
               | redundancy remains provides the high process integrity
               | that critical applications like financial transactions
               | require.
        
           | automatic6131 wrote:
           | My sibling-in-christ, you are talking about an imaginary
           | future. You cannot start to base the economy of today on your
           | science fiction. Even if we were moving the direction of your
           | sci-fi (and we're not, because you are even describing a
           | PHYSICALLY IMPOSSIBLE SCENARIO _), it would be so far in the
           | future as to be stupid to start today. You might as well
           | start building landing pads for asteroid mined metals.
           | 
           | _ Physically impossible: yes - you've suggested using a
           | currency made by the infinitely wasteful PoW system to
           | finance the power used to compute something useful. You might
           | as well try to fly by pulling on the arms of your chair.
        
         | bufferoverflow wrote:
         | Your comment sort of works against BTC, because it was
         | intentionally crippled. But there are many other coins that
         | will do just fine for day to day transactions.
         | 
         | But also the premise of your argument (taxes and oil) is weak.
         | The value of these transactions pales in comparison with the
         | rest of the transactions. So government enforcement has little
         | to do with the value of USD. It has value, because people
         | believe it, they trust it will be accepted and / or easily
         | converted to the currency of their choice.
        
           | mjburgess wrote:
           | Why do they trust that?
           | 
           | D'you think it might have something to do with the state
           | willing to violently require you accept its currency?
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | State authority is only truly relevant for collapsing
             | currencies - for a functioning economy and currency, trust
             | and availability are far more important.
             | 
             | Back in medieval and later times, when states were much
             | weaker than they are today, especially economically, and
             | especially small states, people chose which currencies they
             | trusted, and often ignored the coins their local state was
             | minting in favor of other, more trust-worthy coins minted
             | in other places. Those places had no direct power over the
             | people using their currency, and these people were not
             | paying any taxes to them - they were simply choosing a
             | currency they knew was likely to keep its values over the
             | years.
             | 
             | This does happen occasionally in the modern day, with USD-
             | based economies outside the USA, typically in countries
             | with runaway hyper-inflation in their local currency.
        
             | bufferoverflow wrote:
             | Cryptocurrencies don't do that, and they are still worth
             | more than zero.
             | 
             | Trust is the key.
        
         | babypuncher wrote:
         | Just using BTC to replace all of McDonald's daily debit/credit
         | card transactions would completely destroy the system. I don't
         | know why people think they are refuting your argument by
         | pointing out low-volume examples like porn sites.
        
           | jrm4 wrote:
           | But this feels like "Just using Model T's to transport all of
           | the corn in the early 1900's would destroy the Model T
           | system." Doesn't really say anything meaningful about "the
           | impact of cars and trucks."
           | 
           | I don't get why this is a useful argument; BTC and/or Crypto
           | is definitely going to evolve. The question is how.
        
             | Night_Thastus wrote:
             | [deleted]
        
               | jrm4 wrote:
               | Honestly, that someone can be this confidently incorrect
               | is really fascinating to me, both in theory and practice.
               | 
               | Even setting aside the fact that you're wrong in practice
               | (i.e. there are already far more efficient
               | cryptocurrencies in existence today) it's just very weird
               | that the sort of person who goes to a site like this will
               | confidently say something that's roughly equivalent to
               | "We've reached the maximum speed of CPUs, they cannot get
               | faster than this."
        
               | zeven7 wrote:
               | This sums up how I feel about so many crypto related
               | comments on HN. Just look at this thread. It's full of
               | people confidently presenting 100% false statements as
               | facts. Several of the comments contain something like "I
               | looked into crypto years ago and then I saw problem X and
               | discarded it." My guess is remorse because they could
               | have been "early" compounded with confirmation bias.
               | 
               | To anyone who spent a few hours, days, weeks looking into
               | crypto a few years ago and thinks you have any idea
               | what's been going on in research in the field since then
               | you're sorely mistaken.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | Most people did not have a car in the early 1900s. Not
               | everyone can go into space today, it doesn't scale. BTC
               | may have a maximum number of transactions today but many
               | are using bitcoin and the big advantage is it doesn't
               | matter how much you move you pay the same transaction
               | fee. It is not ready for micro payments but works great
               | for larger payments.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | What size transaction do you think it helps with? My
               | transaction fees are usually zero, even internationally,
               | with the only exception being trivial costs when I
               | visited the USA. Conversely, when I bought a flat I was
               | legally required to add the _much larger_ in-all-but-name
               | transaction fee of having a lawyer sign off that I and my
               | money and my payment of it and the flat itself and the
               | seller I was buying it from were all legit, and still
               | would have had that even if I 'd used BTC.
        
               | 2muchcoffeeman wrote:
               | I think the argument for this would be that things like
               | smart contracts could do away with lawyers and such.
               | 
               | Except who vets the smart contracts? How does the
               | customer execute the transaction in a fool proof way?
        
               | jrm4 wrote:
               | You've perfectly hit why "Smart Contracts" are perhaps
               | literally the worst named thing in tech. They're not
               | smart, and they're not contracts.
               | 
               | In real life, the things we "Contracts" are not the the
               | execution of the transaction itself, they are the written
               | statement that attempts to describe the intent of the
               | parties and most importantly -- what you do if things go
               | wrong.
               | 
               | Despite what I've said above, I will _definitely_ go full
               | Luddite and say we are not remotely close to a world in
               | which the lawyers are not needed.
        
               | Sargos wrote:
               | > The key difference is that BTC and all cryptocurrencies
               | in general are not getting better about being scalable to
               | many total transactions and transactions/second - they're
               | getting worse.
               | 
               | > This is true for all blockchain-based currencies, and
               | it's fundamental to the technology. There is no "fix".
               | It's not just a case of poorly written code or limited
               | infrastructure, it's the core premise of the idea that's
               | rotten.
               | 
               | You are very confident for someone who seemingly hasn't
               | researched much about optimistic and zero knowledge
               | rollups. These systems inherit the security of Ethereum
               | while providing exponentially greater transaction
               | throughout which means scale improves and these networks
               | cannot steal your money or do anything nefarious.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | Just using BTC to replace all of McDonald's daily
           | transactions _in the Berlin metropolitan area alone_ would be
           | enough to destroy the system. (Of course this is where people
           | come along and talk about layers on top of BTC, but all those
           | seem to me to just be extra ways to replace trivial
           | transaction-level auditing with Turing-hard code auditing).
        
             | dont__panic wrote:
             | It also seems like those "layers on top of BTC" erode one
             | of the only aspects of blockchain that has appeal for me --
             | the full transparency of the system, such that you can see
             | every exchange of BTC on the network.
             | 
             | The minute you offload any of that to other systems, you're
             | essentially creating dark pools and money laundering
             | opportunities because of differential oversight.
        
               | germandiago wrote:
               | Money not stolen by who do not earn it. I love the idea.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | If there's _one_ thing that people should correctly point
               | out as scams in the world of crypto, it should be L2
               | chains. Every single one of them is a ploy to enrich
               | their creator, full-stop. I don 't even know what kind of
               | pipe dream they sell to their investors to get capital.
               | 
               | It's particularly funny, because I remember Justin Sun
               | trying to scam people like this years before
               | cryptocurrency had really taken off. Back then, though,
               | everyone who had skin in the game _actually cared_ about
               | the health of the community, and the guy lost millions of
               | dollars trying some really insane hostile takeover
               | tactics. Nowadays though, nobody cares. The hucksters of
               | this world make their money hand over fist now.
        
               | engmgrmgr wrote:
               | That's a rather myopic view.
               | 
               | You could look at L2s as a sort of credit card system,
               | and from a systems and technology POV there's nothing
               | inherently "scammy" about it. For web3 applications of
               | any meaningful large scale, L2 solutions are necessary.
               | 
               | For better or worse, the L2 developer platforms that I
               | assume you're referring to are essentially low-code
               | solutions to abstract away the actual systems software
               | engineering aspect of web3 development. Are the low-code
               | SaaS companies overvalued or "scammy"? I'm not suggesting
               | they are or are not.
               | 
               | Well-staffed tech companies building web3 applications
               | often build their own implicit L2 solutions because it's
               | just how you connect things in a distributed system with
               | modern L1 blockchain constraints.
        
               | aaroninsf wrote:
               | This is as clear and succinct a statement as to why
               | "web3" has nothing to offer as I have read.
               | 
               | Translation: we will rebuild existing financial
               | institutions with a bunch of move-fast break-things
               | poorly-regulated "difi" companies which will both
               | intentionally and through ignorance recapitulate every
               | flaw of the existing financial industry.
               | 
               | Purpose: as in the Celsius case, to intentionally exploit
               | regulatory response time so as to extract money through
               | opaque extra-legal and unethical exploits, intended to
               | allow ourselves and chosen insiders to run off it,
               | leaving deluded last-fools holding the bag.
               | 
               | There is literally no benefit to anyone except the VC
               | backing the scam, who are using chaff and FOMO to farm
               | rubes.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | > Well-staffed tech companies building web3 applications
               | often build their own implicit L2 solutions because it's
               | just how you connect things in a distributed system with
               | modern L1 blockchain constraints.
               | 
               | Sure. The banks do the exact same thing, which is what
               | makes them so goddamn profitable to run. The problem is
               | that the entire cryptocurrency space _now_ has to choose
               | between two destinies:
               | 
               | a. Default on the trustless model in order to continue
               | scaling, passing the actual verification process to
               | private validators who may or may not be scamming you.
               | 
               | b. Let every token lose it's value, allow the system to
               | suffocate and continue pushing for airtight security
               | until the bitter end.
               | 
               | Now, neither of those are attractive choices. I'll tell
               | you what, though: I'd rather have a $20 bill than $20,000
               | of Monopoly money.
        
               | pbalau wrote:
               | > I'd rather have a $20 bill than $20,000 of Monopoly
               | money
               | 
               | All currencies we use are smoke and mirrors. The
               | difference is that that $20 bill is backed by well armed
               | US Marines and an crypto currency is not
        
               | stingraycharles wrote:
               | I'm a relative crypto noob, but I did see certain
               | "lightspeed" transactions which would allow for high-
               | volume and "instant" transactions. Is this also
               | considered an L2 chain, or not? If not, how does it
               | circumvent the limitations of the bitcoin blockchain
               | without sacrificing transparency?
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | > Is this also considered an L2 chain, or not?
               | 
               | I can't say for sure without actually seeing the tech,
               | but if a company promises to scale cryptocurrency
               | transactions then they're _probably_ doing it on an L2
               | chain. The problems with this are obvious: trusting a
               | single party to handle all of your transactions and not
               | abuse that insider info is crazy. These people are going
               | to use their power over the chain to eke out every cent
               | they can, otherwise it doesn 't make financial sense to
               | operate in the first place. It looks attractive from a VC
               | standpoint, but that's because it's a deliberate
               | honeypot.
        
               | jrumbut wrote:
               | > one of the only aspects of blockchain that has appeal
               | for me -- the full transparency of the system, such that
               | you can see every exchange of BTC on the network.
               | 
               | Which is interesting for many applications but kind of
               | kills BTC as something that could be an everyday
               | currency.
               | 
               | I'm already uncomfortable with the amount of data my bank
               | has about me. No matter what scheme has been used to
               | obfuscate it, I'm not comfortable with that data being
               | held by anyone with a hard drive and internet connection.
        
         | dcolkitt wrote:
         | The continued existence of gold as a store of value (and to a
         | lesser extent silver) contradicts this model. Very few economic
         | transactions are denominated in gold, either as a medium of
         | exchange or a unit of account.
         | 
         | There is a small amount of industrial demand, but this is far
         | too tiny to justify gold's gigantic market capitalization.
         | Valued on industrial demand alone gold would maybe worth
         | $100/oz, yet today it trades at $1700/oz. And it has held a
         | lofty valuation more than half a century after all major
         | economies abandoned any gold standard behind their fiat
         | currencies.
         | 
         | The only possible explanation for gold's continued valuation is
         | that it's quite possible for assets to exist as money-like
         | _stores of value_ without necessarily needing to possess a
         | functioning role as a medium of exchange or unit of account.
         | Moreover what we can see is that store of value assets are
         | highly path-dependent. Rhodium has similar properties to gold,
         | yet gold is far more widely used as a store of value. The sole
         | explanation for this is because of gold 's historical
         | narrative.
        
           | Aunche wrote:
           | Gold is used for jewelry more than it used as a store of
           | value. Even as a store of value, Gold has an advantage of
           | cryptocurrency in that you can actually store it.
           | Cryptocurrency presupposes the existence of the internet. If
           | all the world reserve currencies collapse, there is a good
           | chance that the internet would go down with it, and your
           | cryptocurrency would be worthless.
        
             | dcolkitt wrote:
             | > Gold has an advantage of cryptocurrency in that you can
             | actually store it.
             | 
             | The vast majority of gold investors are not physically
             | storing it on their own property. Most invest through
             | funds, derivatives, ETFs, etc. If civilization collapses to
             | the point the Internet can no longer support a peer-to-peer
             | network moving 1 MB every 10 minutes, then it's almost
             | certainly the case that you won't be able to sell your GLD
             | stock at NASDAQ.
             | 
             | The point being that while some gold investment demand may
             | be as an armageddon hedge, the behavior of most investors
             | is not consistent with that being the central driving
             | factor. Ergo gold has utility as a store of value for macro
             | conditions that fall short of civilization and the Internet
             | collapses.
        
             | yellowapple wrote:
             | > Cryptocurrency presupposes the existence of the internet.
             | 
             | Not really. You just need _some_ way for nodes to
             | communicate. That could happen over the Internet, or it
             | could happen over mail, or it could happen over a team of
             | ravens carrying transaction data on little scrolls (hell,
             | given corvid intelligence, they might even be able to
             | execute smart contracts in transit).
        
               | automatic6131 wrote:
               | Theoretically, maybe you could do it over letters. Just
               | like you could run a computing algorith with horsemen and
               | flags in place of a CPU (like in the scifi novel, Three
               | Body Problem).
               | 
               | Practically, you are talking nonsense and it's patently
               | impossible. You cannot run any crypto currency with a
               | system of letters even if you're transporting them with
               | the full infrastrcture of the modern world with it's
               | airmail and diesel vans.
               | 
               | Try and do it with letters delivered on foot. It is
               | actually impossible.
        
               | yellowapple wrote:
               | > Practically, you are talking nonsense and it's patently
               | impossible.
               | 
               | The existence of IP over Avian Carrier demonstrates
               | otherwise. It's slow and it's lossy, but it's good enough
               | for a blockchain.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | I thought IPoAC only works on the 91st day of each year
               | (or 92nd for leap years)...
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | pavlov wrote:
           | Very few economic transactions are denominated in gold, but
           | having it is a hedge for the contingency of finding yourself
           | in a situation where you can only do a transaction in gold,
           | and then it can be life-saving (bribing your way out of a
           | European country in 1944, etc.)
           | 
           | The reason people believe gold will retain meaningful value
           | in a situation where nothing else does is thousands of years
           | of history where it did work out like that. It's debatable
           | (to say the least) whether Bitcoin with its mere twelve years
           | of history and inherent dependency on easily disrupted
           | digital networks could have the same properties.
        
           | hans1729 wrote:
           | >Very few economic transactions are denominated in gold,
           | either as a medium of exchange or a unit of account.
           | 
           | That doesn't mean that gold isn't a viable medium of exchange
           | - it obviously is, just go to a market of your choice and
           | trade it for goods. In fact, it's the single most viable
           | medium of exchange, globally, since currencies are tied to
           | economies, and economies can crash. Gold can not, thus is it
           | valuable.
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | > economies can crash. Gold can not...
             | 
             | A glance at the gold prices and economies of the 19th
             | century show that in fact the gold price certainly can
             | crash due to gold strikes.
             | 
             | In addition, the stock of the planet's gold is negligible
             | compared to the global economy (the hard to quantify set of
             | transactions that people do with each other) so by
             | definition can only operate at the margins. If the world
             | crashes so far that gold is a meaningful proportion, will
             | there be much to transact at all?
        
               | hans1729 wrote:
               | The exchange rate for gold (i.e. the interface of an
               | economy with the material) can crash, not gold itself,
               | thus the inherent value. That was my point, sorry if that
               | wasn't coming across.
               | 
               | >If the world crashes so far that gold is a meaningful
               | proportion, will there be much to transact at all?
               | 
               | This is where I start speculating, but couldn't we just
               | create an arbitrary new currency and tie it to gold?
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | > This is where I start speculating, but couldn't we just
               | create an arbitrary new currency and tie it to gold?
               | 
               | How is that different from using the gold? i.e. has the
               | same limitations.
               | 
               | There are rational reasons for the gold standard having
               | been dropped.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | > The exchange rate for gold (i.e. the interface of an
               | economy with the material) can crash, not gold itself,
               | thus the inherent value.
               | 
               | What do you think this means? Because gold is _only_
               | worth what you can trade it for - the exchange rate.
               | 
               | It has no "inherent value" - you don't eat gold.
        
             | apocalypstyx wrote:
             | >economies can crash. Gold can not, thus is it valuable.
             | 
             | The thing about money is that it is a technology. But
             | unlike other technologies, such as an electric toothbrush,
             | for instance, it has an additional quirk: without belief,
             | it doesn't work. Regardless of whether or not I believe in
             | electricity, an electric tooth brush turns on and off; if
             | the participants in an economy don't have faith in the
             | economy, the economy falters. Money's value lies in this
             | belief, whether it is the belief that I can buy groceries
             | or pay taxes. It is a faith that is a function of utility:
             | there is the interdependence of the gods' delivering and my
             | belief that they will; should the gods not deliver
             | sufficiently, my faith wavers; likewise, if enough of the
             | faith of the masses wavers, the gods fail to deliver.
             | 
             | Gold is like an old god: its faith has a lot of coinage.
             | However, its rule is not necessarily omnipresent.
             | 
             | Scenario: we are in a post-nuclear apocalypse. I have a
             | small trading post and a can of beans; you have a solid
             | gold coin. Challenge: convince me why I should take the
             | coin.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | More likely, in North America at least, we would have an
               | accepted exchange rate for 9mm and 5.56 and I'd need more
               | than a can of beans for one cartridge.
               | 
               | I unironically suggest having a box or two as a hedge, no
               | associated weapon needed.
        
               | hans1729 wrote:
               | >Gold is like an old god: its faith has a lot of coinage.
               | However, its rule is not necessarily omnipresent.
               | 
               | Very nice point, you're not wrong. That being said:
               | 
               | >we are in a post-nuclear apocalypse. I have a small
               | trading post and a can of beans; you have a solid gold
               | coin. Challenge: convince me why I should take the coin.
               | 
               | Because it has properties that qualify it as a method of
               | exchange (portability, provable chemical composition
               | [...]) -- the same reasons it worked the first time. Mr
               | Bean-Haggler, what else do you suggest we use for
               | exchange? Mud? :-)
        
               | mitchdoogle wrote:
               | It's post apocalypse - you trade whatever you find. The
               | most important commodities will be food, water, medicine.
               | Gold would be practically worthless - it's not going to
               | help anyone survive.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | Proving you're not getting duped with plated lead is
               | actually pretty hard to do without high technology, hence
               | the reason gold coinage came into existence and then gold
               | depositories and banking and all the rest.
               | 
               | Gold is transitorily convenient provided you exercise
               | military force over a domain - that is you can force gold
               | to be accepted for debts within your dominion. Nothing
               | about it makes it intrinsically valuable otherwise - and
               | more importantly you having gold doesn't grant you wealth
               | because you didn't economically contribute to the system
               | to start with.
               | 
               | Turning up with all the gold you want would get it
               | rejected or siezed because it wasn't an approved coinage.
        
               | apocalypstyx wrote:
               | As an intermediary, currency requires a minimum amount of
               | social relations. Its value, if it can be said to have
               | one, lies in its use as an indirect measure of the degree
               | of faith in a particular set of social constructs.
               | 
               | The reason I use the post-apocalyptic scenario is exactly
               | because of this rupture of social relations. It is not
               | the ghost of the previous civilization trying to
               | reconstitute itself. It is a place in a wilderness onto
               | which people might stumble. (Admittedly, this might not
               | be communicated well and too informed by my early
               | secondary consumption of old western movies.)
               | 
               | Without this broader social context, the concept of trade
               | becomes purely localized. My needs are not serviced by an
               | explicit diffuse network which is conceptualized as an
               | aspect not just of society but constitutive of reality.
               | Operating on a faith, we take the conceptualization as
               | reality and can accept, in our lives now, intermediary
               | exchange: I firmly believe that by accepting an
               | electronic transfer to my bank, I will be able to buy
               | sweet and salty food that is engineered to appeal to my
               | dietary obsessions as bequeathed by a combination of
               | evolution and social conditioning.
               | 
               | In the midst of such a thought experiment, however, I am
               | not guaranteed to encounter another haggard individual in
               | this hypothesized godforsaken world for a very long time.
               | Neither am I guaranteed that any individual I meet will
               | have such social relations as to value such an
               | intermediary, either.
               | 
               | Intermediary exchange is only viable once the pool of
               | social relations grows beyond a certain bounds.
               | 
               | The function of my acceptance of any system is the
               | fulfillment of my needs, to some degree. In such a
               | scenario, the only way those needs can be serviced is an
               | equivalence of exchange. In this case, food is required
               | for immediate survival, the tools of procuring such, and
               | shelter, etc. Intermediaries, in such a scenario, provide
               | no guarantee to provide such. So such must be acquired
               | directly. I can eat beans. To take the gold assumes,
               | incorrectly, I can obtain another can or equivalent. That
               | incorrect assumption is a holdover from the fundamental
               | and all-pervasive faith we are at present steeped in and
               | that must be maintained for our reality to function.
        
           | aabhay wrote:
           | Gold is the world's best physical commodity to use as a store
           | of value -- it doesn't degrade or tarnish, is easily molded
           | into coins or other symbols, melts easily, has a highly fixed
           | supply (synthesizing it is prohibitively expensive), and
           | (now) increasingly is not tied to an industrial output so can
           | weather GDP fluctuations. So in a battle Royale of all
           | commodities, gold wins. That said, all commodities are
           | affected by price action by speculators, so the actual traded
           | value of gold can be very unrealistic.
           | 
           | Gold is conceptually very similar to bitcoin, except gold
           | can't be forked or copied. Which is why in the long term, I
           | prefer gold.
        
             | daniel-cussen wrote:
             | Gold and bitcoin are practically identical.
        
               | derac wrote:
               | Good has a long history of use as a store of value.
               | Bitcoin has a few years of being valuable. So did beanie
               | babies. Noone knows if Bitcoin will be worth 0 or 100,000
               | in 5 years.
        
             | kloch wrote:
             | > a highly fixed supply (synthesizing it is prohibitively
             | expensive)
             | 
             | This is what gives Bitcoin much of its value as well.
             | 
             | > Gold is conceptually very similar to bitcoin, except gold
             | can't be forked or copied
             | 
             | This touches on another thing that makes Bitcoin valuable -
             | consensus. Enough people agree to use it that it becomes
             | the defacto standard.
             | 
             | Bitcoin (and Ether to a lesser extent) are the "rough
             | consensus and running code" of decentralized algorithmic
             | money
             | 
             | The two points are related. It was much easier to
             | synthesize Bitcoin when fewer people were using it, and
             | it's market value was less.
             | 
             | This auto-scaling of difficulty with interest/value was
             | added as a security mechanism but actually plays a key
             | monetary role as well.
        
               | aabhay wrote:
               | What makes you trust consensus? Consensus is fickle. Gold
               | is unique in its physical properties. Even if you can't
               | agree on which country has a trustworthy currency, you
               | have to trust gold.
        
         | tablespoon wrote:
         | > The US, additionally, forces the world to use it for oil
         | trades.
         | 
         | That is not true. The US isn't forcing anyone to use the
         | dollar, e.g.: https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabia-
         | considers-acceptin...
        
           | bioemerl wrote:
           | With sanctions against Russia the US is actually doing the
           | opposite. Forcing them not to use the USD.
        
             | mattwilsonn888 wrote:
             | "Force." The real question is, why do they want to use the
             | Dollar so bad?
        
           | uoaei wrote:
           | Trusting the WSJ on this is like trusting Fox News to say
           | that angry people on primetime TV with reactionary rhetoric
           | doesn't have any effect on political discourse.
        
         | hackernudes wrote:
         | So scarcity pays no role in value? Is the Mona Lisa not
         | valuable? If money is printed it doesn't lose value?
         | 
         | Why would Bitcoin collapse if it was used at "any" scale? Low
         | max transactions per second? It is used by some people (even if
         | not many) to pay for real things as well as wages! Are you
         | saying an "economic" transaction has to be a commodity or
         | taxes?
         | 
         | I think any specific currency is valuable because people
         | believe it is so. No single characteristic defines value.
        
           | scoopertrooper wrote:
           | > Is the Mona Lisa not valuable?
           | 
           | That's such a silly argument. There are thousands of
           | paintings around the world with the same level of scarcity as
           | the Mona Lisa, but have far less value.
           | 
           | Scarcity drives up prices on items that already have some
           | perceived value. It doesn't create any value itself.
        
           | mjburgess wrote:
           | Every crypto coin trading at 0USD is likewise scarce.
           | 
           | You need to pay attention to the actual economic transactions
           | taking place. Looking at a graph of pure speculative value
           | and calling it an economy is, more or less, a scam.
           | 
           | You'll see that when it all disappears.. moreso than the
           | cashflow of, eg., an actual business.
        
             | hackernudes wrote:
             | It is true that not all scarce things are valuable. But
             | isn't scarcity is a good quality for a currency? Fiat
             | currencies fail because of money printing.
             | 
             | I think many cryptocurrencies are useless and driven purely
             | by marketing and speculation and most tokens are
             | unregulated securities. Bitcoin is someone's attempt at
             | inventing an "ideal" currency and it is being bootstrapped
             | into value and existence. How else could it work? Maybe it
             | will fail, maybe not.
             | 
             | > Imagine BTC was actually used for any scale of economic
             | transactions. It would collapse overnight.
             | 
             | You never explained why and I am honestly interested in
             | your reasoning here. Are you implying BTC can't scale? It
             | seems like two contradicting thoughts - if it is used, then
             | it becomes less valuable.
        
           | nixpulvis wrote:
           | Another issue of HN debates values.
        
           | theplumber wrote:
           | I think Bitcoin will have as much value as the hypercard
           | protocol has now. It's not really as valuable as Mona Lisa
           | but you could say it has some value.
        
           | wolframhempel wrote:
           | Scarcity can support existing value - e.g. in creating a Gold
           | Standard or some other means to artificially limit money
           | supply - but it is not an intrinsic value. There are
           | countless things that are both scarce and valueless.
           | 
           | I believe your last two sentences hit the nail on the head
           | (albeit being oxymoronic). Things have value because people
           | are willing to pay for them. That's it. If companies can be
           | traded below book value, Tesla can be worth more than the
           | next five automakers combined and NFTs can cost six digits
           | there seems to be no intrinsic value.
        
           | hans1729 wrote:
           | >So scarcity pays no role in value? Is the Mona Lisa not
           | valuable?
           | 
           | You're mixing up things. I can draw a one-off picture, that
           | doesn't make the drawing valuable (sadly. If you want to buy
           | my paintings, hmu). The value needs to be attributed by a
           | shared denominator, which for the example of Mona Lisa is
           | cultural prestige. Crypto has zero inherent cultural
           | prestige, it's _only_ value lies in social attribution.
           | Wallets on hard drives are meaningless unless we decide that
           | they aren 't. The mona lisa isn't worth what it is if we
           | decide otherwise, but it _does_ have _inherent_ value. Crypto
           | does not. For crypto to have value, someone else needs to pay
           | Dollar /Euro/whatever at an exchange. _That 's_ the value of
           | crypto - the exchange rate.
        
             | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
             | NFTs = attempted cultural prestige for crypto?
        
               | hans1729 wrote:
               | Ha, nice. Problem: art receives value wrt the artwork,
               | not the canvas, so the screenshot-meme wins. (Unless the
               | cultural prestige lies in the underlaying technology
               | itself, in which case the piece of art is the blockchain-
               | implementation, not embedded content)
        
               | yellowapple wrote:
               | > Problem: art receives value wrt the artwork, not the
               | canvas, so the screenshot-meme wins.
               | 
               | This assumes that an original painting and a perfect
               | replica of it have equal value. That might be the case if
               | you don't know which is the original, but in the case of
               | the _Mona Lisa_ - and in the case of the NFT - you almost
               | certainly can figure that out.
        
               | cowtools wrote:
               | Sure, but it is a suitable canvas, is it not?
               | 
               | If an artist signs an NFT or Colored Coin with a keypair
               | that is associated with their public identity, shouldn't
               | that be analogous to an autograph? If a physical, signed
               | artistic work has more value than an unsigned work, does
               | that mean that if you take the physical artistic work out
               | of the equation you're left with the value of the
               | signature? It's a funny question I guess. Like imagine
               | people collecting PGP autographs.
               | 
               | Maybe art has some intrinsic value, but I think a large
               | part of the "value" of an art piece is associated with
               | the cultural relevance of the piece. It would follow that
               | if you can associate a transaction output with some
               | cultural relevance in the same sense that traditional
               | artwork does, then it could have value, albeit not much.
        
             | datadata wrote:
             | > For crypto to have value, someone else needs to pay
             | Dollar/Euro/whatever at an exchange. That's the value of
             | crypto - the exchange rate.
             | 
             | This is true for every economic good, including paintings.
             | Whether the value is "inherent" or not is irrelevant, you
             | need a transaction or the value is just theory. Culture
             | could also forget about the significance of the Mona Lisa,
             | it has happened before, see for example
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes_Palimpsest, a
             | mathematical text that our culture considers having very
             | high value, but was overwritten into a prayer book by a
             | culture that considered the work less valuable than the
             | material it was written on.
        
             | hackernudes wrote:
             | OK, maybe the Mona Lisa was not a good example. But if
             | somehow Da Vinci had produced a billion copies of the Mona
             | Lisa it would not be nearly as valuable! My other point in
             | that paragraph was that if a country prints more units of
             | currency the value goes down, so scarcity is important to
             | value.
        
               | hans1729 wrote:
               | Scarcity isn't 100% important for value - leverage is.
               | Leverage can be tied to scarcity, but doesn't have to, it
               | all depends on the goods which are being exchanged.
               | Artworks exist just once, coupled with the attributed
               | prestige the value increases. Guns exist a bunch, their
               | price doesn't scale relative to their scarcity. Food is
               | not priced relative to the amount on the market, but to
               | the demand of the consumer. If the demand is high and so
               | is scarcity, the price rises, but if demand is low but
               | scarcity is high, the price stays low. [...]
        
               | datadata wrote:
               | Modern art reproducers can make copies of the Mona Lisa
               | that experts can't easily distinguish from the original.
               | This kind of replica fraud happens often in the art
               | world. I find it interesting to try to justify the value
               | of the original when it is almost zero cost to have an
               | exact replica of the original. The scarcity is not real,
               | or at least the scarcity of being able to enjoy the
               | intrinsic value of looking at the painting is not real.
               | When you remove that part, the value lies only in being
               | able to verify the authenticity of the work, rather than
               | in its quality as art.
        
         | ntoskrnl wrote:
         | Who says BTC isn't used for payments? Many porn sites ONLY
         | allow you to pay with crypto, including PornHub[1], and they're
         | keeping the lights on somehow. It's being used by the Ukrainian
         | military to pay their suppliers while the banking system is
         | offline[2]. It's being used for remittances. I had to pay my
         | rent with it once. Also VPNs, etc. There's far more global
         | economic activity conducted in BTC than in gold.
         | 
         | It all depends where you look. In some niches, BTC is used a
         | lot. In some niches it isn't used by anyone (hi HN!) But it's a
         | big world out there, and if you look outside your bubble it's
         | not hard to find people using it.
         | 
         | Re: the last paragraph, BTC did indeed crumple under load for a
         | long time around ~2016, and transaction fees were very high as
         | a result. But lightning network has appeared since then and
         | fees are back down to reasonable levels, well under $1. Those
         | were serious growing pains, but we made it through just fine.
         | 
         | [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31914284
         | 
         | [2]: https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-crypto-is-helping-
         | ukraine-r...
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | That's not true for PHub -- Just went to confirm and the
           | first option is bank transfer, the second is crypto. What
           | percentage of people who pay for PHub do you think even own
           | crypto? My guess would be <1%.
        
             | yellowapple wrote:
             | There's no way in any number of Hells that I'd trust
             | PornHub with my banking info.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | Right - as a commenter on a technical forum - how much
               | overlap do you think there is between yourself and the
               | age/infosec knowledge/technical savvy of the type of
               | person who pays for PHub in 2022?
        
               | yellowapple wrote:
               | Doesn't really make much of a difference; "only give your
               | banking info to those you highly trust and only if it's
               | absolutely necessary" has been common sense for longer
               | than the Internet has existed.
        
               | noirbot wrote:
               | Is it? Cause a lot of stuff still happens by check even
               | now, which literally has your name and your account and
               | routing numbers just printed on it, which you used to
               | order by sending all of that information via the mail to
               | a random printing company.
               | 
               | I already have to trust my power company, most of my
               | credit cards, my ISP, my gas company, and my landlord
               | with my bank info, all of which are probably less secure
               | and trustworthy than Pornhub...
        
               | yellowapple wrote:
               | Sure, but a check is at least ostensibly ephemeral (even
               | if there's nothing preventing someone from jotting down
               | the account/routing number), and there are legal
               | protections against using that info for transactions
               | other than that consented to on the check (hence the
               | signature and memo line and such).
               | 
               | Contrast that with explicitly authorizing PornHub to
               | withdraw from your account at their discretion, as is the
               | case when you're giving them your account/routing number
               | on a web form. That info then gets stored in some
               | database.
               | 
               | And no, I don't give utility companies or landlords or
               | what have you such authorization, either. I mail them a
               | check (thereby not giving them cause to store the account
               | info long-term and not giving them consent to auto-
               | withdraw), or I use a credit or debit card (which I can
               | dispute or change far more easily than I can a bank
               | account). If they accepted cryptocurrencies, then I'd
               | pick that over either of those options.
        
               | colpabar wrote:
               | you completely ignored the question lol
               | 
               | we know that _you_ know, and that _we_ know, but the
               | comment was saying that most people don 't.
        
               | yellowapple wrote:
               | No, I directly addressed the question: it's _common
               | sense_ , i.e. entirely independent of tech-savviness or
               | age or other factors. It's indeed common sense passed
               | down to me from people far less tech-savvy (and far
               | older) than myself.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | You mean your name and bank account number?
               | 
               | Those are basic for doing business. People share them
               | with everybody they deal with.
        
               | melony wrote:
               | I would trust them a lot more than your average consumer
               | fintech. They have been around for a _long_ time and
               | their engineering is nothing to be sniffed at.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | Why not? They're a far more reputable business than many
               | online stores, for example.
        
           | remram wrote:
           | Pornhub runs ads.
        
           | danans wrote:
           | > It's being used by the Ukrainian military to pay their
           | suppliers while the banking system is offline
           | 
           | Ukraine's banking system is both online and functional:
           | 
           | https://kyivindependent.com/hot-topic/ukraines-banking-
           | mirac...
           | 
           | Regarding donations to Ukraine, the total value of donations
           | to Ukraine has been around $900M so far [1], of which only
           | $7M has been in crypto (according to your WSJ article), so
           | less than 1%.
           | 
           | 1. https://fortune.com/2022/04/15/how-much-donated-ukraine-
           | war/...
        
             | zeven7 wrote:
             | > only $7M has been in crypto
             | 
             | Vitalik alone donated $5M.
             | https://fortune.com/2022/04/08/vitalik-buterin-ukraine-
             | donat...
             | 
             | This page says $60M has been donated to one specific
             | organization https://donate.thedigital.gov.ua/
             | 
             | Here's another one that says they've collected $9M
             | https://unchain.fund/
             | 
             | I'm sure there are others.
        
           | mjburgess wrote:
           | You're right that BTC has a floor because there's some
           | economy behind it. I'd say in the 100USD-1000USD/coin range.
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | I'll sell you that contract up to what I can finance it at.
        
               | dmoy wrote:
               | You completely ignored what GP said.
               | 
               | The _floor_ is different from what people will sell it to
               | you for right now.
               | 
               | AMZN may have a floor of $ASSETS / #SHARES (or something,
               | I just made that up), but that doesn't mean anyone will
               | sell it to you for that right now.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | That's just the sort of definition of Floor that leads to
               | internet breaking production outages.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | Thank you.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | Anyone can invent quasi-financial terms to make grandiose
               | claims. The beauty of the market is that loudmouths don't
               | participate in the market for long.
               | 
               | I'll sell an American-style options contract to someone
               | who thinks BTC is going anywhere near there at Black-
               | Scholes -75. And I'll have no trouble financing it.
               | 
               | You want the other side?
        
               | mattnewton wrote:
               | Not the person you are responding to, but is there
               | somewhere reputable offering these kinds of contracts to
               | no-name retail investors like myself? I would absolutely
               | load up on something like 12,000 - 15,000 USD bitcoin
               | puts depending on the time decay people are offering and
               | how certain I could be that they would actually let me
               | exercise them, and not freeze trading or even go belly up
               | during the crash. I am somewhat.. skeptical I will be
               | able to exercise them on an primarily crypto exchange
               | like Binance that has blocked trading during freefalls
               | before that is structurally dependent on the price of
               | crypto to some extent.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | Also, not to pile on, but GP said 100-1000USD BTC. I'll
               | sell puts at that until my Saudi buds run out of money to
               | lend me.
               | 
               | You're talking 12k-15k, which is a much more interesting
               | options chain.
        
               | mattnewton wrote:
               | Right, I've learned the hard way that if my models are
               | that out of line with the market then my models are wrong
               | in ways that will cost me a lot of money. Satoshi himself
               | could reveal to me the future price of bitcoin is
               | intrinsically around $1,000 USD as a little understood
               | fact of how the blockchain works, and I still wouldn't
               | trade on that today with prices where they are. Even a
               | instantaneous divine revelation from God to all mankind
               | would take a long time to propagate through the markets
               | and you would lose your money in the meantime.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | I don't know whether or not you've studied economics or
               | financial mathematics, but you've concisely and
               | concretely identified something called the Weak-Form
               | Efficient Market Hypothesis.
               | 
               | Maybe you already knew that, but if not you're a natural.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | In the US, LedgerX[1] (now owned by FTX) is a reputable,
               | regulated exchange. The longest-dated put I see for $15k
               | is EOY 2022 and is trading at a spread of $2000-8000.
               | 
               | You can buy puts at the $25k strike dated June 2023 for
               | $4300-4800.
               | 
               | [1] https://app.ledgerx.com/btc There was a link that
               | doesn't require login but I forgot it.
        
               | mattnewton wrote:
               | Thank you, this could be exactly what I was looking for,
               | I will look into this.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | Glad to help! Late correction, though, I think I was
               | reading the call side by accident, some of the puts are a
               | lot cheaper.
               | 
               | EOY 2022 $15k strike: $1700-2000
               | 
               | EOY 2022 $10k strike: $700-950
               | 
               | June 2023 $25k strike: $7400-7900
        
               | MacsHeadroom wrote:
               | There are dozens of dApps where anyone with an internet
               | connection and money can buy/sell puts and other options
               | on BTC anonymously.
               | 
               | They have full openly auditable reserves and all their
               | code is open source and visible on their respective
               | smartchains. Wanting an institution to provide a sub-par
               | solution for this is a cop-out. Put up or shut-up.
        
               | mattnewton wrote:
               | With a centralized service I don't need a law degree, I
               | can quickly ask an expert what my rights are and
               | understand an option, and there is a (limited and slow,
               | but existant) method to make myself whole in the event of
               | a problem. Each dApp is its own special setup and it can
               | be quite complicated to figure out exactly how it
               | behaves, who to sue if it doesn't, and who to pay money
               | to find these things out for me. I hope you'll forgive me
               | for being worried about trusting that with any
               | significant sum of money.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | Depends on the size. At retail size counterparty risk of
               | e.g. Binance or FTX is a talking point, not a legitimate
               | concern.
               | 
               | If you want to take a big position, talk to someone like
               | Wintermute who has a big OTC desk, or if you want a
               | better deal, find a friend of a friend. Someone you know
               | knows a whale.
        
               | mattnewton wrote:
               | I mean, my use of belly up is definitely hyperbole. But,
               | that the position of say, 12,000 usd per coin expiring in
               | December is a huge enough dip from current prices that it
               | is likely to come true only in the event of a large
               | crash, and during the last crash Binance froze
               | withdrawals and there was a large backlog of "stuck"
               | transactions on the blockchain. I don't know how these
               | options execute but if I have to move bitcoin on the
               | blockchain to unwind the position I would be afraid of
               | being able to actually unwind it at the most favorable
               | price in a time window, making the risk actually higher
               | than typical models. Or maybe I dont know what I am
               | talking about and Binance options wouldn't need to
               | actually move coins on the chain to close out the
               | position?
        
               | px43 wrote:
               | Shh.. you're scaring all the people who think their
               | computer science degree gives them exceptional insight
               | into how money works.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | In fairness, I was one of those people until I landed at
               | a satellite office of my SV company in New York and
               | started hanging out with real finance players.
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | You're selling puts on BTC struck at 1000 at a discount?
               | Yes, I'll take a few.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | I said 75 bps off what Black Scholes kicks out, gets a
               | little weird with the thin market, and the expiration has
               | to make sense, but in general, fuck yes?
               | 
               | You think BTC is going to drop like 20x in a sane options
               | duration?
               | 
               | I think a lot of people would sell you that.
        
               | joebob42 wrote:
               | I don't think "is this where the price is going" really
               | has anything to do with what gp was even saying.
        
             | someo1ne wrote:
             | Happy to buy btc for $1000 of you!!
        
         | douglaswlance wrote:
         | Cryptocurrencies have inherent value.
         | 
         | Would you say there is value in having the capability to
         | transact with someone else? There is some value there, no
         | matter how many alternatives and how little that value is. That
         | value scales exponentially with the number of potential
         | transactional partners because each additional partner gives
         | all other partners a new potential transactional partner.
         | 
         | So at scale, even if the value of having the option to trade is
         | minuscule, it balloons into real value when every single person
         | on earth is a potential trade partner. That is the inherent
         | value of a cryptocurrency network.
        
           | mjburgess wrote:
           | Well that's the total addressable market: all possible users
           | of any currency.
           | 
           | Likewise, that's the same market for any currency proposal --
           | including all the coins currently trading at 0 USD.
           | 
           | Money's job is not to have _inherent_ use-value, as then
           | people would use it up. Its value is relational, it tracks
           | the economic exchanges with actual inherent value. But not
           | perfectly, since you can eg., have hyperinflation, etc. So
           | money has a life of its own above the economic transactions,
           | but this is unsustainable, hence inflation which is  "money
           | falling back to earth".
           | 
           | There is no earth for crypto to fall to, ie., no place of
           | actual economic productivity.
        
             | douglaswlance wrote:
             | It's not all _possible_ users. It 's all _actual_ users.
             | 
             | Facebook isn't valuable because anyone on Earth could use
             | it. It is valuable because people do use it and its value
             | has the network effects.
             | 
             | Coins trading at 0 USD have no users, thus their value is
             | 0.
             | 
             | Money must have inherent value (at least the capability of
             | being traded) for it to be money.
        
         | peyton wrote:
         | I really don't buy the old taxes-make-the-money-work chestnut.
         | Far too many counterexamples.
        
           | anonporridge wrote:
           | Taxes aren't why money generally works (money emerges
           | naturally in human societies), but taxes are what makes
           | national currencies work.
           | 
           | If you don't pay your taxes, you don't get to participate in
           | the local economy for very long. Men with guns will
           | eventually come to your home and take your stuff and/or take
           | your freedom.
           | 
           | You can't even do direct barter without cash without
           | incurring a tax obligation in the US,
           | https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc420, so even if you live your
           | life like this, you still need to find a way to get actual
           | dollars to pay your taxes. This is what creates the basic and
           | permanent demand for dollars.
           | 
           | The simple truth is that every government is at its core the
           | biggest, baddest gang in the land. The old royalty were
           | literally mob bosses, and often presented themselves as
           | gaudily and arrogantly as the street gang bosses in the
           | modern age. They have the monopoly on violence in their realm
           | and then printed a bunch of tokens that they demand as
           | tribute for the promise of letting you live your life in
           | peace. Because they control the issuance of these tokens,
           | they effectively control the flow of the economy and can more
           | easily manipulate people. They can't arrest everyone, so
           | there's still a fine balancing act required to keep the
           | masses generally consenting of the arrangement, with just the
           | right show of force to reinforce the system.
           | 
           | But other things beyond currency are still money, like gold
           | and bitcoin, because money is just something scarce that you
           | hoard in the hope that in the future, you can trade it for at
           | least as much goods and services as you originally traded for
           | the money, if not more. Anything scarce can be monetized when
           | the currency becomes less scarce, which is part of what is
           | driving up housing as people hoard it as a better store of
           | value than currency. And importantly, making the thing you
           | store this ethereal "money" in even more scarce relative
           | other things increases the value of your own, which is part
           | of the driving force behind NIMBYs who block new housing
           | developments.
        
             | catlifeonmars wrote:
             | > so there's still a fine balancing act required to keep
             | the masses generally consenting of the arrangement
             | 
             | Yes, this is the part where the government (state or
             | federal) delivers value, such as education, healthcare,
             | natsec, and generally facilitates the ability to do
             | business via the court system. I think it's disingenuous to
             | make the argument you're making without acknowledging the
             | value that government provides.
        
             | nonrandomstring wrote:
             | > The simple truth is that every government is at its core
             | the biggest, baddest gang in the land.
             | 
             | Were.
             | 
             | I don't know if you subscribe to the political analysis of
             | Adam Curtis but in the past two decades governments have
             | been passing their power to private banks, corporations,
             | QANGOs and "non majoritarian" think-tanks like it's a hot
             | potato. The new breed of politicians are not statesmen but
             | revolving-door temporary managers who would sell-off and
             | outsource the whole country for personal convenience.
             | 
             | Other than a monopoly on violent power (which is vanishing
             | fast in the USA as private cops and prisons take over) it's
             | hard to locate the power of government sometimes. Even the
             | military is dissolving into a loose collection of defence
             | contractors. In the UK our intellgence services were more
             | or less sold to Amazon.
             | 
             | The OP article seems dead set against anarcho-
             | libertarianism but it is by no means pro-government, or
             | explicitly pro-democracy. With regard to money and
             | economics, from my moderately pro-government/state stance I
             | see the great mistake governments are making is giving up
             | on cash.
             | 
             | Physical currency is an absolutely vital component of a
             | stable economy. Its very lack of instantaneous fluidity (it
             | relative inconvenience) means it acts like a capacitor to
             | stabilise markets if you can manage circulation and
             | interest. Moreover, governments have a strict monopoly on
             | that, and physical currencies can take on many new guises
             | with modern cash technology. Abandoning that would be
             | suicide.
             | 
             | If governments get into a battle to take the ground of
             | purely digital currencies against crypto, they will lose.
             | They are making this mistake in an attempt to gain
             | legibility (surveillance). Ultimately they will have to
             | choose between surveillance and economic control. And since
             | the value of surveillance is massively over-rated I am
             | optimistic we'll pull out of the Orwellian misadventure in
             | time.
             | 
             | Anyone genuinely interested in defending against the
             | "ideology of crypto" (as this article posits) should be
             | investing in new cash technologies (some of which I have
             | mentioned in earlier comments here). They should be
             | promoting a plurality of diverse cash equivalents (many of
             | which can be implemented using cryptographic technology -
             | not necessarily block-chain).
        
             | globalreset wrote:
        
           | SkyMarshal wrote:
           | Edit: Oh, gotcha, failed/ing states with currencies that
           | hyperinflated despite being the only accepted currency for
           | taxes.
           | 
           | --
           | 
           | What are some of the counterexamples?
        
           | wuliwong wrote:
           | To me, the stronger government intervention is taxing the use
           | of cryptocurrencies (or pretty much anything except dollars
           | in the US) when buying something with it. There is a capital
           | gains tax event that happens if you buy something with BTC,
           | for example. So you have to pay extra to use non-dollars for
           | transactions but also a regular person's taxes would become
           | extremely complicated if they used non-dollars for all their
           | transactions.
        
             | datadata wrote:
             | Excellent point. This also lends to it being easier for US
             | tax subjects to use the dollar as a unit of account and
             | ignore its (small, but not insignificant and always
             | trending downward) value changes. I think a crypto wallet
             | app that optimized for this problem would be super
             | valuable, e.g. making doing taxes of these transactions
             | seamless, and suggesting paying using a currency that is
             | optimal for taxes (e.g. realizing a loss if that is
             | possible, because then your purchase would come with a tax
             | credit.) There are also efforts by legislators to enable de
             | minimis exemptions for crypto transactions (taxes waived if
             | the transaction size is sufficiently small)
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | I agree with this, it's a market of last resort but it hasn't
           | prevented hyperinflation ever.
           | 
           | No one facing a hyperinflationary death spiral says "oh well,
           | at least the government will take taxes in this crap" they
           | desperately cast around for a stable place to put wealth.
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | Taxes are only a chunk of what makes fiat money work but
           | theyre probably the largest chunk.
           | 
           | There arent really many counterexamples and arguably the
           | counterexamples have extenuating circumstances (e.g. dinar
           | under saddams occupation).
        
           | bluetomcat wrote:
           | Paying taxes in a given currency means that the government
           | forces the use of that currency nation-wide. Without a
           | central tax authority requiring that currency, groups of
           | people could start exchanging, say, peanuts for the mutual
           | exchange of goods and services. Since you can't pay your
           | taxes in peanuts, you would want to hold national currency
           | instead of peanuts.
        
             | yakak wrote:
             | I would want to exchange peanuts and consequently owe no
             | taxes. That is why the US has very complicated rules to
             | discourage bartering and gives every sign it would
             | complicate and eventually outlaw quid-pro-quo family/friend
             | arrangements for things like child and elder care if large
             | and powerful groups of people weren't still extended family
             | oriented.
        
               | elil17 wrote:
               | Genuinely curious here: has anyone actually proposed
               | making family helping with childcare illegal (or perhaps
               | taxed?)
               | 
               | Even if it's just an economist weirdo I'd be curious to
               | see what the argument is there
        
               | yakak wrote:
               | The exceptions in the rules here for example are almost
               | certainly directly constructed by Congress or anger from
               | Congress and not particularly consistent with how the IRS
               | expands laws by expanding existing theories if left
               | alone:
               | 
               | https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-
               | employe...
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Most IRS rulings and much of tax law itself are to try to
               | patch over loopholes that are being exploited (the very
               | page describes the various checks they have in place).
        
               | bluetomcat wrote:
               | > I would want to exchange peanuts and consequently owe
               | no taxes.
               | 
               | This idea is at odds with the concept of the modern
               | nation state. You can't have running state institutions
               | and an army that, in theory, should provide some level of
               | security of the state borders. Having many groups of
               | people, each exchanging peanuts, beans or stones would
               | lead to a decreased level of trust and no concept of
               | national unity.
        
               | yakak wrote:
               | I don't get your point or you don't get mine. The
               | individual individual's incentives are to have benefits
               | without them being measurable income so Tax being about
               | dollars makes dollars less desirable without many more
               | actions from the state to force dollar measurable
               | transactions.
        
               | yellowapple wrote:
               | > This idea is at odds with the concept of the modern
               | nation state.
               | 
               | Good.
        
             | benmanns wrote:
             | For example with USD, this also requires not just
             | transacting in USD once a year, but hedging in the national
             | currency, as many crypto earners and traders are learning.
             | If you get paid 1 BTC when BTC is worth $50k, you really
             | should sell and hold 15-50% of it immediately to cover your
             | tax obligation. If the price drops to $20k, you can sell
             | and book a $30k loss, but you may only be able to deduct
             | $3k of it against your $50k in income, leaving you in a bad
             | spot come April 15.
        
           | klntsky wrote:
           | It's not taxes but salaries.
        
           | danachow wrote:
           | As stated it's bollocks - but also a straw man. The value
           | depends on the value of the state in question. A wealthy
           | state will force money to have some value if they collect
           | taxes in that currency. A completely dysfunctional state with
           | no wealth or services doesn't exchange any value for taxes.
           | But for the US, Europe, China, whatever - not Zimbabwe - it's
           | a major factor
        
           | rvense wrote:
           | As far as I can tell, money is so entirely based on trust
           | that it might as well consist of it, trust in in some fuzzy
           | combination of other people's continued rationality and
           | things staying roughly the same. I accept 100 euro bills for
           | my labour because I believe I'll continue to be able to trade
           | them for food and shelter.
        
             | enaaem wrote:
             | Fiat is indeed based on trust. The trust that the
             | government remain functioning. Fiat is a government backed
             | claim on economic production. That's not trivial, because
             | the government is the sole arbiter and enforcer of property
             | rights. Fiat determines what resources you can legally
             | assign to you, according to the rules of the sole arbiter
             | of property rights.
             | 
             | The notion of property rights is only relevant with a
             | central authority who is able to enforce it. Which could be
             | a nation state, tribal chief or a lord. In the jungle you
             | only own whatever you are able to defend. Even your own
             | life.
        
               | datadata wrote:
               | > The notion of property rights is only relevant with a
               | central authority who is able to enforce it.
               | 
               | The innovation of bitcoin is precisely making this
               | statement no longer true. The "property" might only be
               | digital data, rather than physical things, so you can
               | argue that it is no longer true in only a limited
               | context, but it is not longer absolutely true.
        
               | enaaem wrote:
               | Absolute truth is not relevant because 99.99% of what you
               | need to sustain yourself is physical. It's practically
               | 100%.
               | 
               | Maintaining BTC itself requires physical inputs and
               | physical property rights. You need fiat to buy energy.
               | Your house with mining rigs needs enforcement of property
               | rights.
        
               | datadata wrote:
               | The physical inputs to bitcoin are decentralized and
               | robust against disruption. You don't need to be a miner
               | yourself to store or transact.
               | 
               | > You need fiat to buy energy.
               | 
               | This is a circular argument and not true. You can buy
               | energy today with gold or bitcoin.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Gold was based on trust. Trust that the next merchant you
               | deal with will want it.
               | 
               | The same was true for salt, and many more local kinds of
               | money that existed.
               | 
               | It's also the same trust you need for fiat money. This,
               | and trust that your government won't create a huge lot of
               | it in an instant (slow rates of money creation are fine).
               | Turns out that governments have a lot of leverage to
               | enforce the first, more relevant kind of trust, so the
               | total trust required decreases.
               | 
               | The idea of cryptocoins was to remove the trust on nobody
               | creating a lot of money very fast. But in doing so, they
               | also lost the leverage to enforce that people will accept
               | it.
        
               | enaaem wrote:
               | With Cryptos you need to trust that you can convert it to
               | fiat. Crypto trust is still a reliant on fiat trust. Any
               | business accepting crypto, even drug dealers, need to
               | convert their cryptos to fiat, because they need to pay
               | the bills, pay their mortgage in system reliant on
               | government enforced property rights.
        
             | rzwitserloot wrote:
             | The central tenet is the underlying intrinsic value. There
             | are many fungible concepts that operate on a valuation that
             | seems like it is being bought and sold solely on the basis
             | that others think it is valuable too. However, usually
             | there's a seed of intrinsics, something fundamental whose
             | value will always be there.
             | 
             | For 'fiat currency', it's the fact that the state has a
             | monopoly on violence and has decreed both [A] that they
             | will accept the fiat currency for fulfillment of tax
             | obligations, and [B] that they will not enforce a claim of
             | debt if you have offered to pay it in fiat currency and the
             | debtee didn't accept your offer.
             | 
             | For gold it's the fact that gold is considered
             | intrinsically pretty by some, and has industrial uses.
             | 
             | The same can be said for iron, wood, or even air - but
             | those are far less rare. Wood has value just as gold does -
             | it's just that folks tend not to trade trailers full of
             | wood as a fungible because it is unwieldy.
             | 
             | Stocks have intrinsic value too: It's a tiny voting share,
             | and gives the right to enjoy a share of dividends.
             | 
             | Bitcoin has __nothing__. Whatsoever. It's real easy to look
             | at the ridiculous price of stocks in companies that make it
             | incredibly difficult to use your vote and which never pay
             | out any dividends, or the sheer unfathomable levels of
             | business done in terms of USD or EUR and how it seems to
             | dwarf the intrinsic, and conclude that the intrinsic is
             | just not important...
             | 
             | But is that a jump you can make?
             | 
             | As you said:
             | 
             | > I accept 100 euro bills for my labour because I believe
             | I'll continue to be able to trade them for food and
             | shelter.
             | 
             | You sure? Maybe it's 1% 'because I have absolute guarantees
             | I can pay my taxes with this, and I have a guarantee that I
             | can trade them for food and shelter because if I pay my
             | bills with dollars and the recipient no longer wants them,
             | they have no legal recourse to force me to make good in any
             | other way'. Presumably you have certain outstanding debts
             | that work like this (if not just simply your tax bill,
             | which is inevitable, then your power bill, your rent or
             | mortgage, etc), so that euro bill __already has value__ the
             | moment you receive it. You can take your mental bookkeeping
             | of 'oh yeah the month is halfway through so I absolutely
             | do, unambiguously, owe my bank half a month's mortgage at
             | the very least', and immediately reduce that amount by
             | EUR100,-, given that you are holding a EUR100,- bill in
             | your hands and the state has decreed that they will tell
             | the bank to get fucked if they decide they no longer want
             | to accept your euro for paying off that mortgage.
        
               | rvense wrote:
               | Well, in my country my taxes are deducted from my salary
               | before I receive it, so the psychology of that is a bit
               | different. But I think we agree, what I'm saying is fiat
               | money is valuable because of the stability of the
               | institutions that order our society/ies, and because
               | there is an unspoken agreement that most of us want
               | things to stay roughly as they are and believe that they
               | will. If too many cracks appear there, people start
               | acting very different.
               | 
               | As for Bitcoin, the original Bitcoin paper talks about
               | replacing trust with code, and I just don't buy it. Sure,
               | you can trust that Bitcoin aren't spent more than once
               | and all that, the maths take care of that. But it fails
               | to consider all the institutions that integrate the
               | Bitcoin world with the rest of social/economical reality,
               | and all that arises there like price volatility,
               | transactions taking forever, exchanges getting hacked,
               | and that Bitcoin-as-a-casino, excuse me, object of
               | speculation, has a far bigger impact on its day-to-day
               | than for e.g. the Euro. The paper doesn't consider that
               | reality at all, but those things mean that 1000EUR worth
               | of Bitcoin is a lot less useful than a stack of fifties.
        
         | lrvick wrote:
         | Big companies are not using actual printed paper money
         | directly. Cash, like Bitcoin, is great for peer to peer
         | transactions, but too slow and impractical for the population
         | to all use end to end for all daily transactions.
         | 
         | Companies like McDonalds operate on credit via privately owned
         | payment rails because ACH and cash are way too slow. Even when
         | it takes cash that cash is not physically shipped to a bank
         | vault at McDonalds HQ but instead local restaurants make cash
         | drops to other private companies, banks, that then take
         | possession of the cash and use their own private network to
         | credit a remote account.
         | 
         | Even tax payment portals allow use of the payment rails of
         | private companies because paper USD is too impractical.
         | 
         | Still, the fixed supply of federal reserve issued USD is what
         | all these magic third party payment rails create an abstracion
         | layer for.
         | 
         | No one Bitcoin advocate that knows how it works is saying
         | Bitcoin will be used -directly- for daily commerce. Even in El
         | Salvador venmo-like apps have emerged that batch Bitcoin
         | transactions and use credit, much like Visa does to abstract
         | slow ACH or cash.
         | 
         | These proprietary credit systems defeat a lot of the point of
         | Bitcoin though, so open off-chain credit systems like Lightning
         | exist. My local Coffee shop accepts Lightning which in short
         | allows us to just continually cancel and re-issue signed
         | Bitcoin transactions off-chain we never publish until one of us
         | needs to settle which in some cases could be years, and that is
         | fine.
         | 
         | Unlike Visa, the benefits of credit solutions like Lightning
         | are available to all replacing KYC and credit checks with
         | cryptography.
         | 
         | Also going back to your point about taxes, several states have
         | serious efforts to get Bitcoin permitted for tax payment:
         | https://www.deseret.com/2022/2/8/22918061/wyoming-arizona-bi...
        
         | R0b0t1 wrote:
         | A more compelling theory suggest that money has value because
         | it is coercively used to extract value from a society via
         | taxes. People desire it because the government's monopoly on
         | force requires them to pay taxes in it.
        
         | chaosbolt wrote:
         | Well an apple has value because it's food, but if today people
         | are willing to pay 1 banana for it and tomorrow they're willing
         | to pay 2 bananas for it, the apple still has the same value it
         | did yesterday because the calories in it haven't changed, but
         | you can actually obtain twice the calories you could've
         | obtained yesterday by taking the banana (2 bananas today), so
         | its value today has doubled.
         | 
         | Bitcoin is a 0 calorie apple, today you can exchange it for 1
         | banana, people who hold it think tomorrow they'll be able to
         | get 2 bananas for it.
         | 
         | At the end of the day we are biological entities, value is what
         | survival and reproduction benefits we think something can
         | provide, and if enough people are paying that price then its
         | value is that price in dollars.
        
           | throwaway413 wrote:
           | This is well said, I'm gonna borrow that - "crypto is like a
           | 0 calorie apple."
           | 
           | This matters. Even gold, at least I can wear it and display
           | my wealth. You can't even display your crypto wealth like
           | that. It is entirely lacking in any "real" value.
           | 
           | Idea: luxury tshirt made out of a $5 white tee with a wallet
           | QR code slapped on the front showing off the balance of the
           | shirt. Or a ring. Crypto fine jewelry.
        
             | mattwilsonn888 wrote:
             | This is not deep. This is you getting confused about how
             | money works. Nothing you are _realizing_ applies specially
             | to specific money like gold or Bitcoin - it applies to all
             | money and frankly it makes little sense.
        
               | throwaway413 wrote:
               | Would you mind elaborating please? I am not following
               | your point.
               | 
               | I understand cash has this same issue. Assets do not -
               | they provide an actual value to the physical world -
               | which is what my point was in the above statement. A
               | crypto t shirt can still provide value as a t shirt,
               | regardless of the value of the coins it holds. I'll admit
               | it's a reach, but just to illustrate the point.
        
             | tuesdayrain wrote:
             | >Even gold, at least I can wear it and display my wealth.
             | You can't even display your crypto wealth like that
             | 
             | I'd feel much safer displaying large sums of wealth online
             | by posting a wallet than by wearing luxury goods in public.
        
               | throwaway413 wrote:
               | Oh totally agree - someone can just pull a necklace right
               | off you. I was just surfacing the point that at least
               | gold does has some value on its own as a status symbol -
               | there is a market for jewelry outside of gold as a
               | transfer protocol. An bitcoin wallet without ability to
               | transfer it is just some used up memory, it doesn't have
               | any value on its own. See coins going to 0 when exchanges
               | close their doors. All the banks in the world could close
               | and people would still find shiny rocks attractive and
               | admirable. We have for thousands of years.
        
               | bckr wrote:
               | > someone can just pull a necklace right off you
               | 
               | I wonder if there's an argument to be made that nothing
               | is of any real value unless there's also some risk of
               | losing it.
               | 
               | e.g. you drop your apple in a gutter, or someone takes it
               | from you, or it turns out to have a nice fat worm inside
               | it
        
               | throwaway413 wrote:
               | I like that. Risk of losing it, and difficulty of
               | recovery of the same or an equal asset.
               | 
               | Life, for example, is extremely valuable. Everyone loses
               | it, but there's no getting it back. If you lose the
               | apple, you can probably get another relatively easily,
               | unless we're talking a post-apocalypse situation...
        
               | Hellbanevil wrote:
        
               | jesushax wrote:
               | Totally agree. For example, I have 10,000 SOL (Solana
               | tokens) that I regularly screenshot and show off. It's
               | all on devnet, though, so it's free and worthless.
               | 
               | It's the web3 version - in web 2 I'd be instagramming my
               | knockoff Rolex I bought in Tijuana
        
             | MacsHeadroom wrote:
             | Real value doesn't matter. "Marginal" value is what
             | matters. Breathable air and drinkable water have the
             | greatest real value of anything, but their marginal values
             | are zero and near zero respectively for a number of reasons
             | (chiefly scarcity).
        
               | throwaway413 wrote:
               | Marginal value itself is unstable compared to real value.
               | Sure, the amount of air you require may change, albeit
               | insignificantly. Marginal value can go +/- total value at
               | any moment due to external factors.
               | 
               | > Breathable air and drinkable water have the greatest
               | real value of anything, but their marginal values are
               | zero and near zero respectively for a number of reasons
               | 
               | Case in point. Sure, abundant now. But when they are not,
               | which we know is actually happening, that "0 marginal
               | value" will quickly become "whatever we can afford so we
               | can survive".
        
         | mattwilsonn888 wrote:
         | Bitcoin doesn't need to be money, especially not on layer 1, to
         | have value. USD doesn't get its value as a currency from slow
         | and expensive wire transfers, and it gets very little value at
         | all from being a store of value.
         | 
         | Even if Bitcoin was primarily transferred between custodians
         | between clients, it would still be better than USD (assuming a
         | stable market cap) and give clients far more options while also
         | forcing banks to disclose reserves.
        
           | thelamest wrote:
           | Transfers can be dirt cheap with normal money (e.g.: Single
           | Euro Payment Area), and your banking system can be
           | transparent enough (the US one already is), if your
           | regulating body cares about it. The average individual
           | neither can change it, nor cares. If many people can't help
           | themselves but get fleeced, as happened recently on a large
           | scale in the crypto space, at best you can struggle to
           | recreate regulatory agencies in some kludgey crypto form.
           | Most egregiously, all this is still worse than pointless,
           | because the true differential value-add in crypto comes from
           | enabling value flows for undesirable activities like crime,
           | and it's only possible thanks to horrible incentive system
           | that rewards wasting energy.
        
         | jrm4 wrote:
         | Weird argument, you're presuming that it has no value today
         | because it doesn't work YET. But, that's like the whole point
         | of e.g. IPO's. People sometimes put money in something in the
         | belief that it, or something related to it, will work later.
        
           | luma wrote:
           | So when, exactly, is "later"? Bitcoin is nearing it's 14th
           | birthday which seems like plenty of time to make it "work".
        
             | jrm4 wrote:
             | The argument I've been making is that Bitcoin is the
             | equivalent of the Model T; the prototype thing that
             | essentially "proves" the technology can, and even _will_
             | work, but it won 't be the actual thing. It will likely be
             | a different cryptocurrency.
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | Bitcoin can't scale to real numbers of transactions (say,
           | enough to handle the daily needs of a small town)
           | fundamentally by design. Investing in Bitcoin with the
           | expectation that it will ever scale to Visa levels of tps is
           | like investing in an early-stage cold fusion start-up.
        
         | soVeryTired wrote:
         | It's not obvious to me that transactions are the key here.
         | 
         | Suppose I want to buy something online using crypto. I buy up
         | $X worth and transfer it to the vendor. They transfer whatever
         | it was that they bought, but they immediately redeem the
         | bitcoin for $X, give or take a small amount from market moves.
         | 
         | There's no net demand for crypto here, and the increase in
         | crypto price from my purchase will roughly be offset by their
         | sale.
         | 
         | I think the only way to explain crypto prices is through buyers
         | hoping that they'll be used as a store of value. I don't agree
         | with that, but that's a different story.
        
         | solotronics wrote:
         | Gold having value over a long period of time is a counter
         | argument. Nobody is transacting in gold yet it is valuable.
        
           | NhanH wrote:
           | For a long time (thousand of years), people in Asia
           | transacted in gold for high value items.
           | 
           | My parents bought my childhood home with physical gold bars
           | (around ~3.5kg gold, in bar of 37.5g each)
        
           | michael1999 wrote:
           | That is incorrect. The Bank of International Settlement
           | definitely uses gold for payment. In rare events, a country
           | will do physical settlement via shipping, but it is usually
           | done via paper claims.
           | 
           | https://www.bis.org/banking/balsheet/statofacc200831.pdf
        
           | treeman79 wrote:
           | Long hold for Aluminum didn't exactly work out.
           | 
           | https://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/gilded/jb_gilded_monument.
           | ..
           | 
           | I actually agree with you. :)
        
           | pmw wrote:
           | Both the argument and your counter argument are discussed by
           | Lyn Alden here: https://www.lynalden.com/cryptocurrencies/.
           | 
           | She proposes three ways, including valuing cryptocurrency as
           | we do precious metals.
        
           | bitxbitxbitcoin wrote:
           | If anything this is an argument for Bitcoin also having
           | "value" without being used by the average Joe for day to day
           | transactions like buying a coffee.
        
           | zach_garwood wrote:
           | Gold has utility. You can't make circuits out of Bitcoins.
        
             | lamp987 wrote:
             | You think gold has the value it has because a miniscule
             | amount of it is used in circuits?
        
               | cowtools wrote:
               | I think it has a more stable value if the demand for gold
               | is more diversified across industries.
        
             | nightski wrote:
             | But most Gold is not used for circuits. Not only that, gold
             | can be mined on demand and has an ever increasing supply
             | (gold does not really disappear).
        
               | cowtools wrote:
               | Sure, but a not-insignificant amount of gold is still
               | used for industrial applications. Even if gold wasn't
               | used as money or in jewlery, I imagine it would still be
               | quite expensive: at least half of it's current price. The
               | same could be said of other precious metals.
               | 
               | But I don't think you can say the same about bitcoin.
               | Bitcoin's fundamental utility is low, even compared to
               | other cryptocurrencies.
               | 
               | Gold has useful unique properties over other metals.
               | Bitcoin does not even have useful unique properties over
               | other cryptocurrencies.
        
               | daniel-cussen wrote:
               | It would definitely be worth half its price as a reserve
               | currency for purely industrial reasons, if not a bit
               | more. Like if it became impossible to balance payments
               | with it, well like if it became irradiated long-term like
               | in _Goldfinger_ , but there was still some clean gold
               | left and it was just for industry. People would totally
               | invent new uses for it at half the price. They just don't
               | even consider it because it's expensive.
        
               | cowtools wrote:
               | This reminds me, I was looking at the periodic table the
               | other day and I noticed that gold actually has a pretty
               | high electronegativity: almost as high as carbon!
               | 
               | https://mappingignorance.org/2017/02/09/electronegative-
               | gold...
               | 
               | Makes me wonder if there are a ton of unexplored
               | properties and usecases for rare metals that we just
               | haven't discovered yet.
        
           | hans1729 wrote:
           | That's not right.
           | 
           | One: gold is the og currency, it doesn't have to prove its
           | value because it already did. Two: it is also being actively
           | used for transactions, look no further than jewelry. If you
           | have gold, you will find someone who is willing to exchange
           | it for something else with material value in any city on the
           | planet. This is not the case for crypto.
        
             | capableweb wrote:
             | > This is not the case for crypto
             | 
             | No? You don't think the following statement is as true as
             | the one you made?
             | 
             | "If you have Bitcoin, you will find someone who is willing
             | to exchange it for something else with material value in
             | any city on the planet"
             | 
             | My experience would tell me otherwise, but maybe I'm a
             | outlier.
        
               | hans1729 wrote:
               | Scenario: a country-wide blackout occurs. You're haggling
               | with local farmers for food. Which has value to them,
               | bits on a hard drive or solid gold?
        
               | cowtools wrote:
               | I agree with your point, but consider the following:
               | 
               | 1: Cryptocurrencies can still operate over distributed
               | mesh networks or sneaker-nets in a semi-doomsday
               | scenario.
               | 
               | 2: With gold, it is difficult to verify its authenticity
               | vs some impostor alloy without the necessary
               | tech/knowledge.
               | 
               | Edit: the bottom line is that in a doomsday scenario,
               | people have little use for bitcoins or shiny yellow
               | rocks.
        
               | ludston wrote:
               | You can verify gold with a vessel of water, an already
               | verified piece of gold and a set of scales. It's taught
               | in story form to primary age children with the famous
               | quote "Eureka I found it!"
        
               | cowtools wrote:
               | Interesting point. I don't have any comment, but it looks
               | like this guy disagrees with you:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31933490
        
               | datadata wrote:
               | For daily transactions at the current gold price, it
               | would be extremely hard to do this sort of measurement
               | that way with any precision without very specialized
               | equipment. A gram of gold (around $60) is a reasonable
               | daily transaction size and has a volume of 0.05ml. In
               | order to distinguish metals of similar densities, you'd
               | have to be able to measure just a fraction of that volume
               | accurately. Maybe there is some clever system to scale
               | this down, but wasn't obvious to me.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | We have never seen a distributed mesh network that worked
               | correctly in the real world at scale. The OLPC project
               | tried doing that but ran into severe technical problems.
               | So it's not necessarily impossible, but I simply don't
               | believe we will have an operating mesh network in that
               | scenario.
               | 
               | https://wiki.laptop.org/go/Mesh_Network_Details
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | Counter scenario: you're fleeing a country ahead of war,
               | and you know that metal detectors will be involved and
               | your gold _will be_ taken. But they will not be checking
               | every piece of paper you have, everyone is in a hurry.
               | The bank run already happened and reinsurance depends on
               | the capital staying functional.
               | 
               | Bitcoin wins.
               | 
               | See, we can do this all day. There are points of
               | comparison and points of departure.
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | If the farmer is unwilling, you'll find someone else.
               | That was one of the conditions right? That you'll be able
               | to find _someone_ "who is willing to exchange it for
               | something else with material value in any city on the
               | planet". Not the likelihood of a farmer during a country-
               | wide blackout. This is just moving the goalposts.
        
               | cowtools wrote:
               | I think bitcoin is about as difficult to transact as
               | gold, although in ideal circumstances cryptocurrency
               | should be easier to transact than gold.
               | 
               | However, gold has a fundamentally stronger argument for
               | its value. Gold is useful: it has unique physical and
               | chemical properties.
        
               | anonporridge wrote:
               | This strikes me as obviously untrue.
               | 
               | Gold is drastically more difficult to transact in than
               | bitcoin or any cryptocurrency. Not only is it extremely
               | difficult to create exact change to pay in gold (shaving
               | of milligrams per dollar?) but there is zero
               | infrastructure or education on how to verify that the
               | gold is real. Even modern nation state banks have been
               | fooled by tungsten cored bars of gold.
               | 
               | There are plenty of well established crypto apps that
               | make receipt, verification, and conversion into your
               | preferred cryptocurrencies or fiat currencies instant and
               | effortless.
        
               | cowtools wrote:
               | Interesting point. I don't have anything interesting to
               | say, but maybe you should argue with this other guy:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31933417
        
           | smt88 wrote:
           | Gold has thousands of years of history as a currency (or
           | backing a currency).
           | 
           | It's also intrinsically valuable for jewelry and industrial
           | purposes. It's irreplaceable in electronics, for example.
           | 
           | Cryptocurrency that can't be sold to someone else has
           | absolutely no value. In fact, it has _negative_ value because
           | of transaction fees, something that plain cash doesn 't have.
           | I can send someone $100k with a $0 transaction fee.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Gold also has enough value as a material to both lift the
             | value of it and complicate the making of things with it.
             | 
             | First silver, then gold, then platinum, now palladium and
             | rhodium have ridiculous values associated with them.
        
         | tuesdayrain wrote:
         | Your mistake is valuing cryptocurrency purely as a currency. In
         | reality BTC and other cryptos have combined properties of
         | currencies, commodities, securities, as well as unique elements
         | that can't be found elsewhere. Crypto is its own asset class
         | and trying to value it using old models of other assets is
         | bound to fail.
        
         | ChainOfFools wrote:
         | there is so much soft-corruption pressure and old fashioned
         | lobbying from Bitcoin kingpins to insinuate BTC into various
         | nations' fiat pools. Why is this, when making bitcoin into fiat
         | undermines the entire point of bitcoin.
         | 
         | Well obviously, on the superficial level there's plain old
         | greed.
         | 
         | But on a more existential level, bitcoiners are acknowledging
         | that proof of work will lose to proof of lead, in any kind of
         | direct confrontation.
         | 
         | So backing its security with math isn't enough, coiners want it
         | backed with armed force. like fiat.
        
           | mattwilsonn888 wrote:
           | You're all over the place, and "making Bitcoin into fiat" can
           | have many meanings. I doubt it means to you what it means to
           | most.
        
         | carapace wrote:
         | Giordano Bruno said that whatever has the most value and the
         | least cost of storage _becomes_ money.
        
         | mathattack wrote:
         | I will play the devils advocate here. What if it's value is
         | more like a store of value (gold) rather than a currency. We
         | can't pay all of our bills in gold, but it's a store of value
         | you can buy in and out of.
         | 
         | I don't have a horse in the race, just trying to understand.
        
           | anbende wrote:
           | Right, except that gold has inherent value. Historically we
           | thought it was pretty and made jewelry out of it. It's
           | important for a variety of technology products. It's a value
           | store because it is consistently valuable first. Bitcoin
           | skips that step.
        
             | mattwilsonn888 wrote:
             | Gold _pays_ for that step. No one sensible would prefer the
             | gold UX compared to Bitcoin. It beats it in every way other
             | than  'shiny!'
        
             | koonsolo wrote:
             | Gold has pretty big downsides as a store of value. It's
             | heavy, hard to transport, ... .
             | 
             | The key to a cryptocurrency store can be memorized in your
             | head. That means I can have 2mil in my head, with no other
             | way to access it. I take it wherever I go, and can access
             | it when there is internet. I can also send it to whoever I
             | want, no limit.
             | 
             | This is literally a 1st. How high people value that, is not
             | up to me alone. But you cannot deny that it has _some_
             | value. And as long as it has _some_ value, the above works.
             | It basically bootstrapped itself. Claiming it has a value
             | of 0 is very short sighted.
        
           | eropple wrote:
           | Gold's shiny and has industrial applications. What's
           | Bitcoin's inherent value floor?
        
             | mattwilsonn888 wrote:
             | Doing everything the majority of the economy of gold does
             | (industrial uses can be ignored) better, except being
             | shiny. If 'shiny' is your real argument then reconcile
             | Pokemon Cards without ruining your argument.
        
               | eropple wrote:
               | "The economy of gold" doesn't do much of anything except
               | extract wealth from a particularly extremist subset of
               | "economic freethinkers" and my generation's parents when
               | they watch too much Fox News, so I'm glad we're in
               | agreement.
        
               | kreetx wrote:
               | You can cheaply create more Pokemon cards while you
               | actually need to mine the gold, no-one can't debase it at
               | will.
        
         | waynecochran wrote:
         | I don't follow the last statement. If a cryptocurrency was used
         | for decentralized buying and selling, folks were not using it
         | for speculation, and thus it became a stable currency would it
         | not flourish?
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | This is why Monero is doing really well right now as a
           | currency, but it has become a bit of a dirty word among
           | crypto bros. For many people in cryptocurrency, the price
           | action is the point. People are tired of saving and seeing
           | inflation eat their savings. They want to get rich, and they
           | believe that no investment lets them do it. That's why the
           | Gamestop fiasco became such a phenomenon, and I think that is
           | why Bitcoin is so volatile and why it is what it is.
           | 
           | In my opinion, there will need to be a great clearing out for
           | cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies to mature, and
           | things will need to get very boring. The "clearing out" means
           | $0 BTC, DOGE, ETH, LTC, etc. The "boring" part means things
           | staying stable. Otherwise, it doesn't look like there is
           | enough room for other cryptocurrencies (like SOL as an
           | NFT/smart contract platform) to succeed in the market, and
           | scams will be the only viable business models because they
           | are fast.
        
           | lottin wrote:
           | The demand for a currency fluctuates according to various
           | factors, therefore if the supply remains fixed its price will
           | not be stable.
        
             | waynecochran wrote:
             | For argument sake, lets say it was as stable as the price
             | of Silver...
        
             | diogenes1 wrote:
             | which is fine, since you can back another cpi/whatever
             | automated chainlink index adjusted asset with it. Sure the
             | efficiency will not be as good as fiat but it's robust
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | I thought we were talking about price stability.
        
         | antoniuschan99 wrote:
         | Isn't the value in money both in security (eg. Dollar backed by
         | Superpower) and economic transaction?
         | 
         | With Bitcoin's hash rate at an all time high, it's more secure
         | than ever - can we say it's the most secure system in the
         | world?
         | 
         | Of course the tradeoff for BTC is like insane consumption of
         | power (currently Argentina size).
         | 
         | With BTC, I don't think the use case will ever be to handle
         | small sums of money. Transaction speed and fees don't make
         | sense for it.
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | What sort of security are you referring to?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | kreetx wrote:
             | Expensive to fork I presume.
        
         | xorcist wrote:
         | > Imagine BTC was actually used for any scale of economic
         | transactions. It would collapse overnight.
         | 
         | Higher velocity of money would lead to zero value? That's not
         | commonly what basic economy dictates.
         | 
         | This being 2022, let's try to keep our concepts clear as to not
         | rehash the debate from ten years ago. BTC is a currency, a
         | blockchain, a programmable transaction language, a piece of
         | software, and a protocol. It is good to suggest which one of
         | these we imagine in use, and how that use is done.
         | 
         | Otherwise we risk saying that imagine if the physical $100 bill
         | was used for all McDonald's transactions, clearly that wouldn't
         | work, they are too hard to subdivide and even if they weren't
         | there simply aren't enough of them, and therefore it is
         | unusable as a currency.
         | 
         | Clearly McDonald's couldn't operate each and every economical
         | transaction by settling them publicly on the BTC block chain,
         | that much is obvious. But just as clearly there's nothing
         | stopping Visa from denominating transactions in BTC, or
         | utilizing that type of transactions internally, or utilizing
         | the public Lightning network, or whatever it is McDonald's use
         | in El Salvador. That much we probably agree on so let's leave
         | that discussion in the past decade.
        
           | kevstev wrote:
           | > Higher velocity of money would lead to zero value? That's
           | not commonly what basic economy dictates.
           | 
           | I think you missed his actual point, which to be fair wasn't
           | explicitly stated and I don't think is widely known. The
           | bitcoin network can not handle large transaction volumes,
           | like at all- its absurdly low. Somewhere around 10/second is
           | where I understood it to stand, and I recall reading a paper
           | that talked about changes that could theoretically get that
           | to 40/s. A quick googling on the state of the art of this has
           | it reporting 7/second: https://www.google.com/search?q=max+tr
           | ansactions+per+second+...
           | 
           | I know this because this came up around 2016ish during one of
           | the booms, and while I was previously crypto-curious and even
           | a bit enthusiastic about the possibilities, once I saw that,
           | I immediately lost all interest and got out. Other coins like
           | Bitcoin Cash tried to address this, but the numbers were
           | still absurdly low for what was supposed to be a completely
           | decentralized currency to replace all others. Which is
           | actually why Coinbase, FTX and the like rose so quickly and
           | became so important- they enable transfers off chain.
        
           | lrvick wrote:
           | I appreciate that we both replied with the same points at
           | almost the same time.
        
         | DrBazza wrote:
         | > For BTC (or any coin) to have any value, it needs actual
         | economic transactions to be conducted in it. If there aren't
         | any, its value is smoke-and-mirrors; its not real.
         | 
         | Not quite - if someone, anyone, wants something that someone
         | else has, they're prepared to buy it. That's the price. You
         | might say tulips are valueless, but that wasn't the case when
         | people _wanted_ them -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip_mania
         | 
         | I'm sure everyone has said "I wouldn't pay X for Y", but
         | someone _has_ paid X for Y. X is the price.
         | 
         | As much as many on HN like to hate on crypto, people want to
         | buy it, and people also want to sell it. That means there's a
         | market and therefore a value to it for those people.
        
           | mint2 wrote:
           | It's a unique move to non-ironically point out btc has value
           | because tulips once had value, aka one of the most notorious
           | bubbles of all time. Most people pointing to the tulip bubble
           | comparing Bitcoin are giving an example of why Bitcoin is
           | misguided. This is the first time I've seen someone say
           | Bitcoin is like tulips thus it has value.
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | Here's the interesting thing about tulips: after the bubble
           | popped, bulbs recovered to a stable and profitable price, and
           | the Dutch have been exporting them in great numbers ever
           | since. Tulip mania was a resounding success and an enduring
           | source of wealth for the Netherlands.
           | 
           | No direct analogy intended but it's an important historical
           | fact. A lot of money was made on the South Seas as well.
        
           | hans1729 wrote:
           | >people want to buy it, and people also want to sell it. That
           | means there's a market and therefore a value to it for those
           | people.
           | 
           | People don't _want_ to sell it, they _have to_ , in order to
           | pay the electricity bills for the mining (in their countries
           | normal currency, for that matter).
           | 
           | There is no inherent value - you can only sell if the
           | exchanges find someone who is willing to buy.
           | 
           | The value to the seller is the Dollar/Euro they get at the
           | exchange. The value for the buyer is speculation on the
           | price, _which someone else then has to pay at the exchange in
           | normal currency_. There is exactly zero value in crypto
           | itself.
        
             | DrBazza wrote:
             | Not at all - I can buy a bitcoin now, and then sell it,
             | having not mined it.
             | 
             | I choose not to. But other people do.
             | 
             | > Money has value because of the value of the economic
             | transactions in which its conducted.
             | 
             | As the OP said, little pieces of paper have essentially no
             | intrinsic value. But use it for transactions, and it has
             | suddenly has a value forced on it. We've all seen zombie
             | apocalypse films with cash blowing around in the street and
             | the survivors ignoring it for good reason, no one _values_
             | it.
             | 
             | Bitcoin is the same, it's a bit of paper in the sense that
             | it's just some numbers on disc somewhere with no
             | _intrinsic_ value, yet as soon as it's a medium of
             | exchange, _which it is_, it has value. There are
             | transactions made in bitcoin.
        
           | ookdatnog wrote:
           | Answering the question "why does Y have value X" with
           | "because people/someone are/is willing to buy Y at price X"
           | is technically correct but a cop-out. When people ask why
           | something has value, they are typically asking _why_ someone
           | is willing to give money for it, what 's the motivation. And
           | the reason why people are willing to pay for something can be
           | very relevant, especially if you want to figure out whether
           | something will rise in value or collapse.
           | 
           | There are many reasons to want something, but broadly you can
           | argue that you either want something because you believe
           | owning the thing will make your life better in some way
           | (food, housing, transportation, ...); or you can want
           | something because you think someone else will pay more for it
           | later down the line, in which case the value of the thing is
           | entirely speculative to you.
           | 
           | Some things are not entirely one or the other. People wanted
           | tulips because they are pretty. Eventually they became a
           | status symbol, demand grew faster than supply, and quickly
           | people started buying tulips not because they wanted them,
           | but because someone else might pay more later. So tulips
           | became a speculative bubble, which eventually collapsed.
        
         | nathias wrote:
         | ah yes, the "basic economics" that you just make up as you go
         | ...
        
           | cowtools wrote:
           | Rebut the parent comment
        
         | globalreset wrote:
        
           | melony wrote:
           | You are describing fractional reserve banking. Banking
           | licenses have their authority ultimately derived from the
           | state's monopoly on violence.
        
             | globalreset wrote:
        
             | MrMan wrote:
             | Yes thats life
        
       | 627467 wrote:
       | > too high maintenance to be a store of value like gold
       | 
       | Really? because the price/value flutuates too much? How is
       | storing 1B dollars in gold lower maintenance than storing 1B
       | dollars in BTC or other high-liquidity crypto?
        
         | cowtools wrote:
         | Maybe the author thinks it is easier to steal or harder to
         | secure bitcoin than gold. I think it is sort of nuanced and
         | could go either way, but I would agree that bitcoin is easier
         | to store: especially with a trusted multisig setup.
         | 
         | Bitcoin owners have a lot of cheap security options based on
         | their spending habits risk model.
        
         | reledi wrote:
         | Harvesting and storage of a naturally occurring element is
         | lower maintenance in theory. It is easily stored a thousand
         | years ago and a thousand years from now, even if some global
         | catastrophic event occurred that renders modern technology
         | useless.
        
         | sixQuarks wrote:
         | Yeah, I stopped taking the author seriously after this
         | ridiculous statement.
        
       | Geee wrote:
       | I don't think that Bitcoin is extremely anarchist / libertarian.
       | It would be similar to gold standard. There would be no unlimited
       | funding for governments through central banks. It would limit
       | government spending, but also ensure that politicians are wise
       | and responsible. In my opinion, democracy needs hard money
       | standard to function properly.
        
       | myfavoritedog wrote:
        
       | germandiago wrote:
       | This caught my eye: "anarcho-libertarian roots" is tagged as
       | destructive.
       | 
       | I simpathyze with positions close to that.
       | 
       | I do not understand what is harmful about trying to be free and
       | not surveilled. Harmful for whom? For the people who wish to keep
       | social control, smash you with taxes and do intervention and
       | cheat, like the inflation we are suffering now in Europe bc
       | someone decided to print money willy-nilly? Who benefited from
       | this printing of money? The SAME people who printed it. Who pays?
       | Yes you guessed right... normal citizens. I firmly believe we
       | have the right to protect ourselves from abuses like these.
       | 
       | On top of that the ONLY purpose of the European Central Bank is
       | to keep inflation under 2%... Come on... who can believe these
       | people anymore... I do not. Even the same people responsible for
       | it (Draghi and Lagarde among others) are still there as if
       | nothing had happened.
        
       | BenoitEssiambre wrote:
       | That is kind of a scary article. I tend to dislike crypto
       | arguments that make it political. There are pure economic
       | arguments against it, from free market laissez-faire Friedmanian
       | perspective, from centrist perspective and more obviously from
       | the left wing perspective, that show crypto as dangerous for
       | society. No need to make it another wedge issue (I tried to be
       | somewhat politically neutral here:
       | https://benoitessiambre.com/specter.html ).
       | 
       | This article makes a fairly strong case that authoritarian
       | politics could readily mix with the economics feeding on each
       | other in an unstoppable vicious circle that eventually leads to
       | financial and societal cataclysm.
        
         | bendtheblock wrote:
         | all money is political. good starting point:
         | https://washingtonspectator.org/paranoia-on-parade/
        
       | zackmorris wrote:
       | I have a dumb question that's probably user error on my part, but
       | I can't seem to find a simple answer for: shouldn't BitCoin
       | transaction fees (and thereby price) eventually stabilize to the
       | cost of electricity plus hardware? And if so, then why would
       | price fluctuate? It seems like there are 2 options:
       | 
       | 1) Cryptocurrency transactions cost less than the cost of
       | electricity: a market will form farming the price discrepancy
       | between electricity and coins (solarpunk?)
       | 
       | 2) Cryptocurrency transactions cost more than the cost of
       | electricity: a market will form to compensate miners for the
       | extra electricity (money laundering? what goes here?)
       | 
       | If mining costs keep getting more expensive, eventually the
       | network will be so throttled that it will petrify. Also I feel
       | like the cost of mining tied (or passed) the cost of coins a few
       | years ago. So I don't understand why anyone would want to be a
       | miner now. Which suggests a hidden incentive to be a miner.
       | 
       | I stumbled onto this article from 2017 when BitCoin was close to
       | the $20,000 it is today, and it cost about $3,000 to mine a
       | BitCoin in Louisiana, maybe not counting hardware cost?
       | 
       | https://www.marketwatch.com/story/in-one-chart-heres-how-muc...
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | I don't understand what mental model you're using for the
         | relationship between price, fees, and mining costs.
         | 
         | Bitcoin fees have nothing to do with the price or the cost of
         | mining; fees are basically proportional to (transaction
         | throughput demand) / (fixed transaction throughput supply).
         | 
         | I've seen various reports saying the cost to mine 1 BTC is
         | between $8,000 and $13,000 so miners are still profitable. Note
         | that mining ASICs have increased their efficiency since 2017
         | but difficulty has also increased.
        
           | leijurv wrote:
           | I don't think that's true, fees are not proportional to that.
           | Fees compete for a finite and precise limited space in
           | blocks. There's no limit to how high fees could grow in this
           | competition, because only the 7 most lucrative transactions
           | get mined per second.
           | 
           | I think it is vaguely accurate to say that fees and mining
           | costs are linked, *however*, currently the coinbase block
           | reward is a bigger deal. Example: most recent block
           | https://www.blockchain.com/btc/block/743055 created 6.25
           | bitcoin out of thin air, plus 0.186 bitcoin from all its
           | fees. In the future, when fees make up a larger share of
           | this, miners will indeed start to get income from fees. Then,
           | we will see an interesting dynamic where automatic difficulty
           | adjustments and competition between miners entering and
           | exiting the market will result in miners electricity costs
           | aligning with bitcoin transaction fees. In other words, every
           | unit of value that goes into a bitcoin transaction will
           | result in that much value being spent by a miner on their
           | electricity bill.
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | OK, what you're saying is that after the block reward ends,
             | fees will equal miner _revenue_ and miners will mine harder
             | until equilibrium where their costs equal their revenue.
             | That 's correct but it's important to understand that the
             | causality flows from fees to miner costs, not vice versa.
             | Miners cannot force fees up or down.
        
               | leijurv wrote:
               | Well it's a continuous process: today the fees make up
               | maybe three percent of revenue, but that fluctuates as
               | transaction space demand changes, and as the coinbase
               | halves every few years.
               | 
               | But your point is good - miners are not really in a
               | traditional supply/demand relationship with transactors,
               | because block space is perfectly inelastic. There will be
               | 7 slots per second (amortized), no matter what.
               | Although... a petulant miner could artificially restrict
               | this supply, by perhaps declaring that they'll never mine
               | a transaction that pays less than X fee. This would only
               | apply to the blocks that they mine, but the effect on
               | overall supply could be nontrivial?
        
       | WC3w6pXxgGd wrote:
        
       | upsidesinclude wrote:
       | This is really long and I gave it my best shot, but from the
       | onset it's intellectually dishonest.
       | 
       | Anarcho =/= "centralized authority is corrupt and evil"
       | 
       | He has redefined anarchism (no authority) to suit his needs and
       | attached the negative connotation in his defining
       | characteristics.
       | 
       | The paradigm, which he has missed, is that the blockchain IS the
       | "state". The authority of the system is derived from its working
       | mechanism and therefore does not require outside governance.
       | 
       | Citing oppososition from leftist progressives as surprising....?
       | The group that demands the most compliance to ideaology and
       | greatest support for expanding federal government? This isn't
       | difficult mental exercise or requiring some contortion to find
       | plausible. Their opinion is the obvious conclusion.
       | 
       | I find here further evidence that VC is a bunch of wealthy hacks
       | hiring their smart friends to wax knowledgeable to the rest of
       | us, lower cretins.
        
         | fleddr wrote:
         | I once lived in such an extreme anarcho libertarian society. It
         | was called the 80s.
         | 
         | In that cash-based society, the government had no real idea how
         | much cash I owned. I also had full freedom of transaction.
         | Somehow taxes still got paid and crime wasn't really worse.
         | 
         | Apparently, this is now a far right position.
        
       | water8 wrote:
       | Crypto was supposed to be inflation hedge but it is clearly not.
       | It is a speculative market pure and simple.
        
       | jrm4 wrote:
       | A great deal of the discussion here is surprisingly not smart
       | because it's presuming that the current technical landscape is
       | the forever technical landscape (i.e. mostly a presumption that
       | looks like "Crypto, the entity, is just like BTC is today".).
       | 
       | I find it very strange because I feel like we've been able to do
       | project out to "better working technology" quite well in the
       | past. Supply and demand, y'all. Will at least some people have a
       | use case for crypto? Yes. Can we use the example of bitcoin and
       | other crypto's to relatively safely assume that in the future,
       | there will be a cryptocurrency that more-or-less does what it
       | says on the tin? I think it's silly not to.
       | 
       | START from that point in your discussions, because it's probably
       | coming.
        
         | mattwilsonn888 wrote:
         | There's a reason the mostly unsavvy crypto skeptic hates the
         | idea of crypto improving: they cannot financially capitalize on
         | it.
         | 
         | Every new crypto project claims to be the second coming. There
         | are no stable heuristics which don't get exploited by the next
         | wave of marketing. The only way to make good bets in crypto is
         | to deeply understand what teams are working on and make
         | intelligent judgements.
         | 
         | What broad crypto skeptics don't understand is that every alt-
         | coiner shares their critical point of view, but has the know-
         | how to attempt (or pretend to attempt) a solution to those
         | problems.
        
           | jrm4 wrote:
           | Absolutely. And I know I'll get clowned for mentioning him
           | but gonna do it anyway: This is why I find Richard Heart so
           | interesting if you believe his motives. His claim is "I'm
           | already rich, so it's not about money, I actually want to
           | improve on Satoshi's work and make a good crypto."
           | 
           | (I fully understand why one would absolutely not believe his
           | motives given his appearance, but I'd encourage people to
           | consider it anyway. I actually believe him and am throwing
           | some money in his projects. THAT BEING SAID, I am NOT putting
           | any money in crypto that I can't stand to lose and I
           | personally do not believe anyone should)
        
       | logifail wrote:
       | > "Contrary to popular belief the crypto market did not collapse"
       | 
       | Umm, shades of the Iraqi Information Minister in that statement.
       | Take a look at the USD/Bitcoin chart for the last 12 months.
        
       | silentsea90 wrote:
       | Imagine a world where you live as a slave with your owner having
       | rights over your time to the extent they'd like. That sucks.
       | Well, fiat is that with the Govt stealing your productive time
       | (since your time was spent on earning money) to the tune of 7-8%
       | (officially) and likely 10-15% unofficially. This is in addition
       | to 40% tax. You effectively spend 50% of your working time
       | serving the Govt. Would you vote yes on sending troops to Iraq,
       | funds to Ukraine, military industrial complex etc? That's how
       | your time is "invested".
       | 
       | If a world where this is fixed invokes your phobia, good luck to
       | you. Dare the Govt actually ask you for your money (instead of
       | stealing it) for funding a war and we'll see how many wars we
       | fight.
        
         | hahaxdxd123 wrote:
         | Imagine living in a deflationary world where you live as a
         | slave to unaccountable powerful holders of Bitcoin, where a man
         | who holds 20% of the worlds wealth will continue to do so
         | forever into perpetuity, at 0 risk. Do you think this is a
         | world where real wealth creation (goods, intellectual property,
         | etc) is possible?
        
           | silentsea90 wrote:
           | Nobody holds 20% of Bitcoin, and early BTC whales have been
           | selling to make their profits so we're getting less
           | concentrated[1]. It helps that BTC has taken a decade to rise
           | to this value with plenty of selling and redistribution along
           | the way. I don't see your point but perhaps you don't mind
           | sharing more :) I don't disagree that concentration is a
           | problem but the existing system has enough concentration
           | already. I don't want states printing away to glory, and
           | bitcoin can't be printed so that's a HUGE improvement
           | 
           | [1]: https://ecommerceinstitut.de/bitcoin-wealth-is-becoming-
           | more....
        
         | FabHK wrote:
         | Nonsense. Inflation has been running at below 2% for decades,
         | and everyone is free to invest their savings in shares, gold,
         | other currencies, or even crypto. Comparing that to slavery is
         | not only fundamentally wrong, but distasteful.
        
           | silentsea90 wrote:
           | US debt is skyrocketing, expenses like war paid for by
           | debt[1]. Inflation in the US has been 2% but only because it
           | was in a position of strength with the world accepting USD as
           | the global reserve. That's changing steadily both with
           | excessive printing and the world rejecting US debt
           | instruments as a savings asset.
           | 
           | "Everyone being free to invest" is a bit of an elitist claim,
           | as most in the US live paycheck to paycheck and are hurt by
           | inflation. Cost of ownership of houses skyrocketing over
           | decades, and CPI being oriented around very basic goods
           | points to inflation being hidden away.
           | 
           | The US is incapable of paying their debt and must continue
           | funding the economy via more QE. Other nations have moved to
           | their currencies to trade with each other (Euro, Ruble, Yuan
           | etc). This game won't last forever.
           | 
           | [1]: https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/how-the-fed-hides-
           | costs-...
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | > Inflation in the US has been 2% but only because it was
             | in a position of strength with the world accepting USD as
             | the global reserve.
             | 
             | Inflation has also been <2% for decades in the Euro area,
             | Switzerland, and other jurisdictions.
             | 
             | > most in the US live paycheck to paycheck and are hurt by
             | inflation.
             | 
             | If you live pay check to pay check, you don't care about
             | inflation. You care about real wages.
        
               | silentsea90 wrote:
               | Real wages have been stagnant while the money supply ever
               | increasing. This wasn't the case until 1971, when the US
               | removed the gold peg: https://wtfhappenedin1971.com/
               | 
               | Europe is interesting in that certain parts of the Euro
               | zone run high deficits and need bailouts while some of
               | the others are disciplined. I don't have a clear theory
               | for why inflation in Europe has been stagnant all along.
        
       | wvlia5 wrote:
       | Love it. First they mock you, then they fear you, then they
       | accept you.
        
         | bendtheblock wrote:
         | this is a pithy phrase with about as much logic as "Live,
         | Laugh, Love"
        
       | fleddr wrote:
       | That article is a whole lot of words where it never really
       | becomes very clear what the big "fear" is about, until we finally
       | arrive at this:
       | 
       | "A feudal system in which the masses are duped into farming the
       | lands of their crypto overlords."
       | 
       | Sounds quite a lot like our current system, but I digress. This
       | fearful scenario requires the so-called hyperbitcoinization
       | scenario where all of the world's wealth will be absorbed by
       | Bitcoin (or other crypto). A market cap of 100T or more.
       | 
       | Which will never happen. It's easily suppressed by regulation.
       | Most of the current elite won't allow it, and the people
       | themselves, whom are already in the mood for protests, surely
       | aren't going to sit by and end up dirt poor because they missed
       | crypto.
       | 
       | As for crypto being libertarian, not really. Most are in it
       | because it's a "number go up" technology, in good times that is.
       | There's a small minority of loud mouths whom see it as a
       | religion, but the vast majority are pragmatists, or plain
       | gamblers.
       | 
       | Even if you consider the die-hard position, the so-called
       | "anarcho libertarian", the author makes it out to be as if they
       | are the devil themselves. All they say is that money should have
       | controlled inflation and that there's freedom of transaction. I
       | guess that's an extreme right wing position now? How very scary.
       | It's pretty much how the 80s cash-based society was, except for
       | the inflation part.
       | 
       | The biggest gap in these kind of "crypto scary" articles is that
       | they fail to sympathize with the root cause. There's claims like
       | "well, our current system may not be perfect, but at least it's
       | democratic and accountable".
       | 
       | That sounds nice, but it doesn't mean anything. Young people
       | experience one financial hardship after the other and grow up
       | living in a monetary and economic system that is plain broken.
       | 
       | Where exactly can you "vote" on the 2008 crash, aggressive
       | monetary expansion, zero interest rates on savings, 10%
       | inflation? None of these things are democratic, they are hollow
       | words.
       | 
       | Does crypto solve these problems? Probably not, but the above
       | backdrop explains the appeal. In a system that doesn't work at
       | all, why not throw the little you have in crypto? There's the
       | potential to win big, and if instead you lose it all...it wasn't
       | that much to begin with anyway.
       | 
       | If we'd have a sound monetary and economical system, that ensures
       | a middle class existence and reasonable wealth for all, one that
       | doesn't boom and bust all the time, one that preserves purchase
       | power and savings, one that enables upwards mobility and the
       | building up of assets, if we'd have all of that and in a stable
       | sense...yes, then crypto has no use case or appeal. But we don't
       | have any of that.
       | 
       | Own the failing of the current system. The status quo is
       | completely broken.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | Even if crypto bandits skim 1% off the economy, that's too
         | much.
         | 
         | But yeah, we need to give people alternatives to being poor
         | forever or winning the lottery.
        
       | janandonly wrote:
       | I am also cryptophobic.
       | 
       | That is why I only use Bitcoin.
       | 
       | Bitcoin, not crypto.
       | 
       | See also: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31932273
        
         | javajosh wrote:
         | Bitcoin's primary value is access to gray or black markets.
         | 
         | Bitcoins secondary value is appreciation, which depends on the
         | primary value, plus a transient state where the public becomes
         | aware of this new value at a pace that outstrips new BC
         | generation.
         | 
         | Bitcoin's tertiary value is marketplace/exchange operation,
         | which depends on both primary and secondary values.
         | 
         | But all of it rests on forbidden market access. The cost is
         | considerable: a very high rate of consumption of both (dirty)
         | energy and chip manufacturing capacity. There is also the cost
         | of participation risk in totally unregulated markets, costs
         | which have no upper bound.
         | 
         | So, fuck Bitcoin. Use cash.
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | But also, it is a terrible currency for accessing true black
           | markets. It is 100% traceable. Lots of people have gotten
           | caught buying bad stuff because they used Bitcoin. Just use
           | cash. Or use Monero/Zcash.
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | That link to mass movements such as communism is an important
       | point.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | lvass wrote:
       | All these grandiose words for the pecuniary value of a market
       | whose entire capitalization is considerably lower than Google, a
       | company that can't even prevent it's main product from becoming
       | absolute crap. A market that's also remarkably absent of utility.
       | Cryptocurrencies are a drop (that's the closest to evaporating)
       | in the ocean of money, this article reads as if Baader-Meinhof
       | phenomenom discovered how to write by itself.
       | 
       | >10 accounts own 88% of Binance Coin
       | 
       | Correlating addresses to people like this is such a rookie
       | mistake in a world with CEXes and smart contracts, why the hell
       | is this person being taken seriously?
        
       | IncRnd wrote:
       | > The world has never seen an economic phenomenon like crypto.
       | There is no historical analogous technology trend or investment
       | craze that comes close to capturing the sustained and frenzied
       | momentum of crypto that has engulfed so many and that will
       | continue to do.
       | 
       | Never say never. Greed and speculation have a long and robust
       | history. This crypto speculation and greed reminds of of the
       | price of tulips. [1] During that craze a single tulip bulb could
       | purchase a mansion.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dutch_tulip_bulb_market...
        
         | thesausageking wrote:
         | "Tulip Mania" wasn't real. The "bubble" was a very small group
         | of speculators and it did not have any larger affect on the
         | industry. The stories about it were made up and come from
         | propaganda pamphlets published by Dutch Calvinists who were
         | worried that consumerism was causing societal decay:
         | 
         | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/there-never-was-real-...
        
           | IncRnd wrote:
           | According to your link it was real. "That's not to say that
           | everything about the story is wrong; merchants really did
           | engage in a frantic tulip trade, and they paid incredibly
           | high prices for some bulbs. And when a number of buyers
           | announced they couldn't pay the high price previously agreed
           | upon, the market did fall apart and cause a small crisis--but
           | only because it undermined social expectations."
           | 
           | In the link I posted is this gem: "Peter Garber in the 1980s
           | published an academic article on the Tulipmania. First, he
           | notes that tulips are not alone in their meteoric rise: _' a
           | small quantity of ... lily bulbs recently was sold for 1
           | million guilders ($480,000 at 1987 exchange rates),'_
           | demonstrating that even in the modern world, flowers can
           | command extremely high prices."
           | 
           | I wasn't making a point about the degree of societal collapse
           | from tulip mania. I made the point that there is a long
           | history of greed and speculation.
        
             | thesausageking wrote:
             | You were responding to a claim that there have never been
             | other cases of sustained momentum of speculation. The price
             | spike for Tulipmania took place over about 18 months.
             | Bitcoin launched 13 years ago and was first above $1k in
             | 2017. They're not at all similar. I agree with the parent
             | comment.
        
               | IncRnd wrote:
               | No, that wasn't the claim I responded to. Twice, my
               | comment explicitly mentioned the novelty of greed and
               | speculation as the claim.
        
         | datadata wrote:
         | Whenever this comparison is drawn, it must also be pointed out
         | that after the speculative bubble, the Netherlands has remained
         | for centuries the center of a profitable and stable flower
         | industry that was born in that time. The collapse was real and
         | the speculation was real, but the emergence of a new industry
         | was also real. This is also similar example to the dot com
         | bubble.
        
           | bendtheblock wrote:
           | nice rebuttal - but the "profitable and stable flower
           | industry" is the trade of an underlying commodity with
           | utility value i.e. the flowers. there is no such underlying
           | asset with crypto. the part that is parallel is the rife
           | speculation that left many bust.
        
             | datadata wrote:
             | Flowers were not a commodity before there was a market for
             | them. Internet did not have commercial value before the
             | speculative wave, in fact very little profits were made
             | even by the end of the dot com boom. Agree there is rife
             | speculation in crypto, but rife speculation does not prove
             | that there won't be future sustained value. When dot com
             | boom imploded it was because people similarly thought there
             | was no value in the internet.
        
               | bendtheblock wrote:
               | Flowers are used for decoration, dies, teas, scents.
               | Sometimes they may be overvalued.
               | 
               | Crypto doesn't have any underlying value. It's just
               | greater fool investing, there is no underlying cashflow,
               | asset or company. Future cash flow comes from greater
               | fools buying in.
               | 
               | When you say "the internet" I think you mean the wave of
               | web1 companies? Same as flowers above, there are real
               | uses and value creation, which can be priced in many
               | ways.
        
               | datadata wrote:
               | In 1999, what web1 companies had cash flows or even a
               | business model that could become profitable? In hindsight
               | it is obvious because we know that things worked out, but
               | at the time it was just speculation, and the crash was
               | the market calling it worthless. Similar objections then
               | around what underlying value is and how the tech was
               | useless. The ways to monetize often were invented much
               | later (eg search ads).
               | 
               | If you were a middle age farmer, sure you might like to
               | look at or smell a flower but you would be crazy to say
               | stop growing wheat and plant tulips. But as society
               | advances markets can emerge to serve needs of people that
               | were not possible before.
               | 
               | I agree crypto tokens is just speculative investing. But
               | that doesn't imply that the value doesn't stick-- it
               | doesn't have to either collapse to zero or go up forever.
               | Monetary premium is a real thing and necessary for humans
               | to transact. You can't predict what money we will use in
               | the future.
        
               | bendtheblock wrote:
               | it does imply that the value doesn't stick - in fact
               | that's exactly what I'm saying. there is no value beyond
               | the expectation that another greater fool will buy it
               | from you in future.
        
         | mattwilsonn888 wrote:
         | Do bubbles, after popping, collect and reconstitute themselves
         | in analogy or reality? Tulips certainly didn't. Bitcoin really
         | is a slow motion multiplicitis analogy to your "muh Tulips."
        
           | IncRnd wrote:
           | Not sure why you wrote that. You are responding to a comment
           | about the history of greed and speculation, which many who
           | tout crypto also share.
        
         | bendtheblock wrote:
         | the history of this type of speculation and others like it,
         | that leaves many bust, was documented in _Extraordinary Popular
         | Delusions and the Madness of Crowds_ published in 1841
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_Popular_Delusion...
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | There are other more practical examples too. For a time, the
         | banks in the United States would issue their own paper currency
         | that could be redeemed at the bank. The paper money traded up
         | or down based upon the reputation of the bank and, to some
         | extent, the distance to the nearest branch. It's pretty much an
         | exact analogy to the world of alt coins, except the physical
         | details like the location of the bank made a difference.
        
         | UnpossibleJim wrote:
         | Great minds and all that, we seemingly posted this same article
         | at the same time =)
        
         | upupandup wrote:
         | You don't even need to go back that far: e-gold, liberty
         | reserve.
         | 
         | Fun fact, bitcoin client had a poker lobby in it, and it was
         | announced mere weeks after Liberty Reserve court ruling jailing
         | its founder for 20 to life for money laundering.
         | 
         | Individual or groups behind bitcoin were watching that Liberty
         | Reserve trial very very closely and e-gold/liberty reserve was
         | very popular amongst the online poker industry ;)
         | 
         | There's many more interesting facts you can discover but I
         | won't spoil them.
        
           | deadbunny wrote:
           | [citation needed]
        
             | upupandup wrote:
             | you know how to use google right?
        
               | deadbunny wrote:
               | Yep and I can't find any reference to the bitcoin core
               | client ever having anything to do with poker.
        
               | IncRnd wrote:
               | It did.
               | 
               | https://github.com/trottier/original-
               | bitcoin/blob/master/src...
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28830211
        
               | deadbunny wrote:
               | Thanks. Looks like it was more GUI code copied from
               | something else then removed a few commits later rather
               | than it actually having a "poker lobby" feature as
               | implied though.
        
               | upupandup wrote:
               | You better work on your Google skills more
        
       | UnpossibleJim wrote:
       | As to whether or not Crypto becomes a legitimate form of currency
       | is neither here nor there, but in its current history it has
       | (seemingly - I am not an economic historian) mirrored the Dutch
       | tulip trade of the 1600's in many ways:
       | 
       | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dutch_tulip_bulb_market...
       | 
       | How Crypto comes out on the other end remains to be seen, but
       | there can probably be some technologies that can be salvaged in
       | legal and shipping contracts, for sure. As far as digital
       | currency and items goes, in games and life, that remains to be
       | seen... proof of work currency will probably die, if I had to
       | guess though.
        
       | tromp wrote:
       | > And similarly, crypto rewards its early followers and doesn't
       | promise an expanded pie, but a changing of the guard.
       | 
       | Nearly all crypto does indeed concentrate wealth onto early
       | adopters, by emitting the majority of supply in the first few
       | years (or even all at launch).
       | 
       | But fixing the block subsidy avoids such concentration, leaving
       | most supply to later generations, much like gold.
       | 
       | Such a purely linear emission deters speculation while
       | encouraging use as a currency.
        
         | cowtools wrote:
         | I completely agree. Another thing I've been thinking about is
         | this:
         | 
         | What if, instead of creating inflation by adding new coins, you
         | create "inflation" by directly decreasing the value of
         | transaction outputs, and you just keep the coinbase reward
         | constant?
         | 
         | Depending on the model, you could make it so that outputs
         | eventually go to zero, so they won't need to be recorded on the
         | ledger forever. The old outputs just get garbage-collected.
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | _What if you create "inflation" by directly decreasing the
           | value of transaction outputs_
           | 
           | This is called demurrage and it's been discussed a few times.
           | People find it very confusing when their wallet balance
           | magically goes down but they find it less confusing when
           | their balance stays constant but prices increase.
        
       | ooaa wrote:
       | This article raised some very interesting points through
       | comparing the movement to religion and the fact that the peoples
       | wealth is affected makes it that much more potent.
       | 
       | I'm still optimistic because I think that the current way the
       | world runs is not going to work in the long run. Something
       | radical has to change or we will destroy the planet. I don't know
       | if Bitcoin will play a role in this and if it's going to be
       | positive or negative but things need to change.
       | 
       | I have two specific points in the articles that didn't make
       | sense.
       | 
       | 1. Bitcoin whales can only affect the price of Bitcoin. They have
       | no power over Bitcoin itself.
       | 
       | 2. The article also makes the point that Bitcoin is weakening
       | local currencies (fiat) which doesn't make sense since inflation
       | is mostly driven by money printing and other economic factors.
        
       | rafaelero wrote:
       | So much drama. It all comes down to: do you want to use a
       | currency whose rules are immutable and its value is decided by
       | the market or do you want a government backed currency that can
       | change its monetary policy according to its discretion?
       | Everything else is just words.
        
         | leijurv wrote:
         | Why do you think it all comes down to that?
         | 
         | Clearly there's much more to it. For example, cryptocurrencies
         | with those two properties you mentioned are a dime a dozen. I
         | could make one right now by git cloning bitcoin, changing some
         | properties, then running it. And in practice there are
         | thousands with high volume exchange-value. Digital currencies,
         | when combined with ubiquitous exchanges, have such
         | substitutability that I'm not sure there's much of a "network
         | effect" or "lock in", when it's so easy to swap and pay with
         | any of them. "value decided by the market" might be flimsy in
         | this case.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | yellowapple wrote:
       | > The future I fear is one with a new anarcho-libertarian power
       | structure that lacks transparency, accountability, and is the
       | antithesis of democracy.
       | 
       | That's the money quote (around which most of the article
       | revolves), and my response to it is simple:
       | 
       | I love watching privileged people squirm.
       | 
       | Anarchism (and more broadly libertarianism) is the _realization_
       | of transparency, accountability, and democracy to their greatest
       | extremes - even (hell, _especially_ ) when those extremes
       | conflict with the capitalist _status quo_. The author, being
       | "one of the top investors in Israel", has a vested interest in
       | convincing the rest of us otherwise, such that we continue to buy
       | into the legacy financial system that's actively failing (if not
       | outright exploiting) people even in _developed_ economies, let
       | alone developing ones. He half-heartedly tries to address this in
       | the postscript...
       | 
       | > I know crypto has been helpful for remittances, refugees,
       | dissidents and even non-profits, but that has very little to do
       | with the trillion-dollar crypto economy that has emerged.
       | 
       | ...but he's flat wrong here, too. Cryptocurrency's usefulness for
       | remittances, refugees, dissidents, and non-profits is _exactly_
       | why that trillion dollar industry emerged in the first place, and
       | the fact that it 's leaving rich and powerful people like him
       | shaking in their boots is the best advertising said industry
       | could ever hope to get.
        
       | api wrote:
       | This is kind of a straw man, but I don't think he's wrong. The
       | problem is that he's kind of straw manning what "libertarian"
       | means in this context and by doing so he's landing a much weaker
       | blow against crypto than he could.
       | 
       | Libertarian, if words are to mean things, is roughly the view
       | that the _initiation of force_ should be extremely strictly
       | limited. This includes the idea of small government since
       | government has a legal monopoly on the initiation of force, but
       | it also includes an aversion to private initiation of force
       | including everything from riots and gang violence to... scams.
       | 
       | Scams and fraud count because any understanding of what _force_
       | means that is not paper-thin includes the idea that deception and
       | even perhaps some  "dark pattern" style attacks on human
       | cognition constitute force. Force is anything that attempts to
       | contravene the independent will of another human being. That can
       | be done by whacking someone on the head, pointing a gun at them,
       | or gaslighting and lying to them to the point that their
       | judgement is deeply impaired. In standard issue "pure"
       | libertarian theory the only justification for force is in
       | response to its use, but since scams and fraud are force there is
       | justification for someone (usually a minimal rights-protecting
       | government) to intervene.
       | 
       | One of my central problems with crypto is that it's not what it
       | claims to be at all. There are many ways crypto isn't what it
       | claims to be including being a bad currency and a bad inflation
       | hedge, but it's also not what it _politically_ claims to be.
       | 
       | Crypto is neither "libertarian" (rights-respecting) nor truly
       | decentralized.
       | 
       | It's not a rights-respecting libertarian thing because it's
       | absolutely lousy with scams and fraud of virtually every
       | imaginable kind. It's not truly decentralized because proof of
       | work tends toward centralization due to industrial economies of
       | scale and proof of stake tends toward centralization due to its
       | structural biasing of the system toward intense levels of wealth
       | concentration. With either PoW or PoS you eventually end up with
       | closed syndicates more or less owning the currency. Then you have
       | cryptocurrencies with actual companies behind them or de-facto
       | rulers like Ethereum.
       | 
       | With those factors leading to centralization and with scams and
       | fraud and all kinds of opaque intermediaries popping up what you
       | end up with is something far less transparent and honest than a
       | central bank. All the criticisms of central banking apply, but
       | more so.
       | 
       | Gold is decentralized because it's just matter and anyone can
       | hold it without asking anyone's permission. Honestly even paper
       | money, while "fiat," is more decentralized in that exchange is
       | completely permissionless.
       | 
       | So while there are valid criticisms of libertarianism, it's not
       | the problem. It's much, much worse than that. Crypto as presently
       | organized and operated is a full-on scam, period. It's not what
       | it claims to be.
       | 
       | The libertarians and decentralization advocates are among the
       | _marks_ in this scam.
        
         | AlexandrB wrote:
         | > Force is anything that attempts to contravene the independent
         | will of another human being. That can be done by whacking
         | someone on the head, pointing a gun at them, or gaslighting and
         | lying to them to the point that their judgement is deeply
         | impaired.
         | 
         | I find this definition of force somewhat counter to most
         | libertarian positions I've seen. When it comes to
         | employer/employee relationships, what is the need to eat other
         | than "pointing a gun at [the employee]"? Under this definition
         | of force, how can employees _ever_ enter into contractual
         | agreements with employers freely? Especially at bottom of the
         | labor ladder, where the struggle to meet basic needs is more
         | acute.
        
           | api wrote:
           | There is no easy canned answer. If there were easy answers to
           | questions like this the world would be way simpler. Yet I
           | can't even imagine how you can have a free society without
           | some respect for the honesty. Without that at the very least
           | people will start taking the law into their own hands, which
           | leads to collapse and the tyranny of the nearest person with
           | a big stick.
        
       | immigrantheart wrote:
       | I wonder if there is a balance between the:
       | 
       | - "The future I fear is one with a new anarcho-libertarian power
       | structure that lacks transparency, accountability, and is the
       | antithesis of democracy."
       | 
       | - "I truly trust that my government is capable to govern and have
       | my best interests in mind"
       | 
       | Because I know I am stuck in between the two extremes. Crypto is
       | just a way to hedge the possibility the 2nd one goes rogue.
       | 
       | But the crazy part is, yes I am aware of all the points in the
       | article above, but that's exactly why I do crypto.
       | 
       | This article is soooo good I will give it to my peers every time
       | they ask me "why crypto"
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | clintonwoo wrote:
       | I generally agree with the article. I would say that people using
       | "crypto" as a hedge against inflation are sorely mistaken as the
       | correlation with inflation is probably incredibly low. It's too
       | volatile to be a store of wealth. It has no intrinsic value. It's
       | incredibly resource inefficient. It's not an "investment" since
       | it doesn't produce anything, and financially it has performed
       | worse than real investments.
       | 
       | The only thing it does have going for it is a perfect pump and
       | dump economics. Crypto "believers" are really only truly
       | believing in this ponzi scheme economics, which is a shame since
       | they'd make more money by using real financial instruments. If
       | crypto was really so good, we shouldn't have to worry about
       | "investing" in it, we'd all just buy some to use it for day to
       | day transactions. Which categorically is not viable at all any
       | time soon.
        
         | silentsea90 wrote:
         | Forget everything else, simply having an asset that's limited
         | in quantity and almost impossible to seize is significantly
         | better than any other alternative. A cursory reading of the
         | rise and fall of civilizations and currencies will tell you how
         | flawed the current fiat system is and how much better BTC is
        
           | clintonwoo wrote:
           | Sure but how many people need to worry about their life
           | savings being seized? Out of 300 million in the US for
           | example? Maybe just criminals? Also I don't think
           | civilization falling is really much to worry about. It would
           | take years for civilization to fall, and if it does we can
           | just buy gold or something with a real tangible value. Or
           | maybe we can move to a crypto after it falls, which is
           | something we can do after the fact. And TBH there's no reason
           | why any specific coin used today would be used in that
           | situation either. In that event we can just create a new
           | Blockchain to avoid the ponzi effect.
        
       | diogenes1 wrote:
       | so badly written wtf
        
       | TrapLord_Rhodo wrote:
       | The reason why me and my friends use crypto is simple.
       | 
       | In the current financial system i give you ALL of my info and
       | hope you don't rob me blind.
       | 
       | In crypto i sent you money.
       | 
       | Small distinction, but one that will be increasingly more
       | important as we modernize.
        
         | tgarv wrote:
         | Do you think that benefit outweighs the wild variance in
         | valuation of most cryptocurrencies? I'm not trying to be a
         | dick, I'm genuinely curious.
        
           | TrapLord_Rhodo wrote:
           | To be honest - and this is to my detriment; I have no idea
           | how much crypto i have/ what it's worth at any given moment.
           | So... no haha.
           | 
           | I participate in 30 different defi pools across tons of
           | different protocols, have money in various excahnges, run
           | like 10 different nodes on Eth, BTC, Sol, Filecoin, etc.
           | 
           | I was lucky enough to get into crypto in 2014 and treated it
           | like a game. Started mining from my gaming rig and have been
           | addicted since. I haven't put any money into the ecosystem
           | besides harware (My filecoin node as $12k, gaming rig is
           | $25k, bought 2 helios miners, bought some NGX chips for ZK's,
           | etc.)
           | 
           | I used to love runescape. I would love waking up, checking my
           | flips in the grand exchange, running dailys like farming and
           | checking my ales, etc. As i got older, i discovered
           | blockchain has similiar mechanics. Now it's one of my
           | favorite things in the world to check the various defi pools
           | available, read about different projects, leveraged trading,
           | 'daily's and is just a distraction from my real life. work.
           | 
           | So in short, crypto is a game. As long as people keep taking
           | it too seriously, they will lose the game.
        
         | bendtheblock wrote:
         | I don't follow the automatic assumption that giving the info to
         | centralised entity like a bank is bad? What is that you are
         | fearing? And why is that more likely than Crypto sinking or
         | going to zero, you losing your wallet key or someone hacking
         | your wallet? Code is law - so you're left with nothing.
        
           | TrapLord_Rhodo wrote:
           | My point is that the current financial system is not secure
           | in any sense. Why would i have to give you my entire credit
           | card information to make a payment. Why are you 'pulling'
           | money from my account instead of me sending it to you. Why
           | have we failed to implement a public/private key relationship
           | with our financial data?
           | 
           | >giving the info to centralised entity like a bank is bad?
           | 
           | Well my first and prime example would be to talk to any greek
           | citizen during 2008. The goverment took a percent of all the
           | citizens money to pay their debts. Countless credit card
           | scams have happened because i am trusting all of my data on
           | the cybersecurity of (Upwork, linkedin, outlook, google,
           | tinder, etc. etc.) as you go down the list of entities with
           | your full name, address, & credit card information you start
           | to realize that you have lost control of your financial self-
           | sovernty.
           | 
           | I've played this game with my friends and it's a fun one;
           | Give me your full name and i can buy your information on the
           | darknet, including current/ past credit card info, Social
           | Security number, past addresses, past-employers, tax
           | information, etc.
        
             | bendtheblock wrote:
             | My question to you is: what's the problem? On the few times
             | I've lost money to online fraud, the bank returned it to
             | me.
             | 
             | Why does having a huge public web of transactions on the
             | slowest ledger ever created help? What happens to your
             | "sovereignty" when everyone can see your purchases
             | patterns? What happens when grandma loses her wallet key?
             | 
             | re: Greece, worth hearing Yanis Varoufakis on crypto:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bS0W-Whl0T0
        
               | TrapLord_Rhodo wrote:
               | > re: Greece, worth hearing Yanis Varoufakis on crypto:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bS0W-Whl0T0
               | 
               | top comment: "How fantastic to let this man expose how
               | incredibly dangerous governments are, without him even
               | realizing [he's] doing it."
               | 
               | Also, the entire time he seems to conflate crypto with
               | CBDC which are nothing alike.
               | 
               | >what's the problem? On the few times I've lost money to
               | online fraud, the bank returned it to me.
               | 
               | How is that not a problem?! I really don't understand
               | this sentiment. There is hundreds of millions of fraud
               | occuring on these systems that employ thousands of people
               | for flagging, eliminating, and reimbursing people due to
               | it being a fundamentlly flawed system. Pull vs. Push here
               | is an important distinction. Having a public private key,
               | even within the current financial system (Not talking
               | crypto here) would be an order of magnitude improvement
               | and would eliminate all of this.
        
               | bendtheblock wrote:
               | I think you're right about online fraud being much
               | reduced with public private key tech, but if it's such a
               | good idea why has no one been able to do it?
        
               | TrapLord_Rhodo wrote:
               | the IMF has no incentive to change the way it's doing
               | things & would require a 'rewrite' of the current
               | infrastracture. Also, public/ private key encryption is
               | not quantum-safe, so eventually we need another way.
               | (There is ton of research being done on quantum-safe
               | cryptographic proofs)
               | 
               | History shows systems rarely 'change'. More likely than
               | not they are replaces. That's what BTC is an attempt at.
        
       | neocognitronx wrote:
       | "The world has never seen an economic phenomenon like crypto." -
       | I'm not an expert but the whole state of crypto just looks like
       | buying stocks before stock exchanges and market regulations were
       | in place.
       | 
       | This comment is fueled by the prejudice that people just tend to
       | speak about history without knowing it that well to prove a
       | point. I might be wrong.
        
       | benreesman wrote:
       | Both the rabid pro-crypto and rabid anti-crypto people seem to be
       | missing that the prices move on the monetary policy of the United
       | Stated Federal Reserve: more visibly the FOMC target guidance,
       | the underwater part of the iceberg is the balance sheet.
       | 
       | Global finance is a big deal, to put it mildly.
       | 
       | Crypto is a flea on the ass of the foreign exchange market (which
       | it superficially resembles), which is a bacterium on the ass of
       | the derivatives market.
       | 
       | It's. Just. Not. That big of a deal.
       | 
       | There's been a lot of scams, some serious people here and there
       | are doing real work in the space (don't argue with me: take it up
       | with Liskov and Waddler).
       | 
       | But if we put the wisdom of crowds on a forum like this to work
       | on the dog wagging the tail with the flea on it, it would be a
       | potentially useful discussion.
       | 
       | Le sigh.
        
         | ramesh31 wrote:
         | >It's. Just. Not. That big of a deal.
         | 
         | Yup. Total crypto market cap is less than a couple of large S&P
         | 500 companies. The SNR is just so insane in that community that
         | it seems like a bigger deal than it is.
        
         | elil17 wrote:
         | Crypto has social effects (wasting energy production capacity,
         | scams, wasting computer hardware and chip fab capacity) outside
         | of its economic effects that do make it a big deal.
        
           | benreesman wrote:
           | You're seriously here to make the case that these basis
           | points on the numbers that move real human beings around like
           | pieces on a chessboard is why HN foams at the mouth over
           | cyber-money?
           | 
           | The energy cost is debatable (energy displacement is
           | complex), the ASICs used to mine BTC are keeping someone's
           | Verilog sharp, and scams? There are 17 payday loan places in
           | a 3 mile radius of my house, not counting pawn shops.
           | 
           | This is not enlightened humanitarianism.
           | 
           | Everyone on here knows an annoying asshole who rubs it in
           | everyone's face that they're generationally wealthy over a
           | speculative bet in 2015.
           | 
           | I fucking hate intellectual dishonesty. Especially from smart
           | people.
        
           | cowtools wrote:
           | I've argued in another thread that we can expect those
           | adverse effects to decrease as hype dies down and the
           | coinbase reward for bitcoin and others decreases.
        
         | Ologn wrote:
         | > It's. Just. Not. That big of a deal.
         | 
         | There are trailing indicators and leading indicators. The fact
         | that something like Dogecoin can be invented as a joke
         | (according to its investors) and be said to have a market cap
         | of over $8 billion is an indicator - that's 8 "unicorns".
         | Bitcoin's market cap is over $350 billion. You are right that
         | it has to be seen in the context of global finance, but other
         | parts of global finance were bubbly at the end of last year,
         | and if there's confusion over that, Dogecoin's 8 billion dollar
         | market cap is an indicator, even if eight billion dollar is not
         | that much in the context of global finance.
        
           | benreesman wrote:
           | So trade it!
           | 
           | Anyone who talks about market price action in the
           | short/medium-term a priori doesn't have alpha. People with
           | Alpha trade it.
        
       | avivo wrote:
       | There is also a rebuttal article by the same fund:
       | https://www.bvp.com/atlas/the-antidote-to-cryptophobia/
       | 
       | That said, I think Adam (the original article) is closer to being
       | right.
       | 
       | He doesn't even get into the thing that originally made me
       | incredibly excited about the potential of blockchain tech--the
       | way it lets one create a new sort of custom and irrevocable
       | 'physics' for information and incentives. But the same
       | irrevocability is now what makes me deeply concerned. If we get
       | something wrong, it may be impossible to change, unlike normal
       | human systems. It's like building Facebook, except the original
       | design might be at least partially locked in functionally
       | _forever_ --and so issues created by naive founders can never be
       | resolved and may warp our political and economic systems.
       | 
       | I have also generally found that crypto/blockchain/web3 doesn't
       | address the problems its adherents say it can solve (
       | https://aviv.medium.com/the-magical-decentralization-fallacy...
       | ), particularly changing power structures to get to a better
       | world. Trying to find alternative solutions to address the power
       | issues around centralized platforms is what eventually led me
       | down a very different path ( to http://platformdemocracy.com/ ).
        
         | whatisweb3 wrote:
         | I loosely agree with you but am a little more optimistic. I see
         | centralized lenders and services like Celsius and 3AC
         | collapsing and running off with money, or blocking withdrawals
         | - this would not occur had the loans been made on-chain through
         | smart contracts, and DeFi platforms like Aave are holding up
         | just fine during this downturn. This is an example of a shift
         | of power away from incumbents and toward the people en masse,
         | should they choose to actually understand and use the
         | decentralized blockchain.
         | 
         | > If we get something wrong, it may be impossible to change,
         | unlike normal human systems.
         | 
         | It's not far fetched that blockchains will change as humans
         | adapt to new challenges. An example is already happening: Eth
         | is transitioning from PoW to PoS and moving to a layer two
         | centric ecosystem to meet block space demand.
         | 
         | There are real concerns with adding functionality on top of the
         | blockchain without understanding its immutability - like the
         | ridiculous suggestion of putting twitter or a period tracking
         | app on-chain.
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | To me this is fundamentally contradictory:
           | 
           | > the people en masse, should they choose to actually
           | understand and use the decentralized blockchain
           | 
           | I used to work for financial traders. Our company was
           | essentially the same as the companies of professional
           | gamblers. We knew we were playing zero-sum games. Our goal
           | was to create asymmetries in information and skill such that
           | we got the money that other people were putting in. In the
           | markets we played in, the opposition was mostly other well-
           | funded players. But you can bet that there are well-funded
           | groups with snowdrifts of math PhDs who are happy to take
           | money from "the people en masse" that decide to trade in the
           | markets.
           | 
           | Those people already exist in the non-blockchain financial
           | economy. From predatory lenders to fake health care plans [1]
           | to ponzi schemers, frauds, and grifters. What mainly keeps
           | them in check is regulation, not regular people "choosing to
           | actually understand". Because what distinguishes "the people
           | en masse" from the people who prey on them is that the
           | predators can devote all their time and attention to one
           | particular hustle, while "the people en masse" have to defend
           | against _every_ hustle, while trying to be good at their
           | jobs, take care of their families, and live their lives.
           | 
           | So the hustlers are always going to be one step ahead from
           | regular folk. Doubly so in an unregulated, rapidly evolving
           | space with metastasizing complexity like you see in the
           | cryptocurrency/ico/nft/defi/web3/wft space.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/02/health/christian-
           | health-c...
        
             | whatisweb3 wrote:
             | > So the hustlers are always going to be one step ahead
             | from regular folk.
             | 
             | I don't disagree. This is always going to be the case in
             | any global market with information asymmetries - grandma's
             | investments are not going to do as well as a hedge fund
             | with a team of 50.*
             | 
             | The difference is: the people entering CeFi are having
             | access to their funds revoked, and a counterparty failing
             | to repay debts while fleeing to Dubai. while the people
             | entering DeFi have not had access to their funds affected,
             | and are not worrying about counterparty risk.
             | 
             | This is why it is a shift in power - the users retain
             | control of their funds and leveraged positions, as opposed
             | to placing that power entirely in the hands of tradfi and
             | CeFi companies.
             | 
             | * ironically a lot of big players like 3AC are getting
             | wiped out too, so it isn't always true
        
         | thebeastie wrote:
         | I had a look at the platform democracy page and I couldn't see
         | any explanation of how the process avoids capture by particular
         | interest groups.
        
           | avivo wrote:
           | It's a good question. There are several kinds of answers, two
           | of which I allude to but don't go into a lot of detail. The
           | answers based off of peer reviewed research can be found in
           | the article in Science that I quote. There is also the answer
           | based off a sort of existence proof--so far, even when this
           | is been done at a high level around extremely controversial
           | and impactful issues, this has not appeared to be a
           | significant problem.
           | 
           | To be clear, the process that I am describing there is not
           | some newfangled idea that I just dreamed up. It's something
           | that has been used by France, Ireland, South Korea, even the
           | EU as whole, is likely to be institutionalized as part of the
           | governance of these organizations. It's just fairly new so
           | not that many people have heard about it.
        
         | syzygyhack wrote:
         | > But the same irrevocability is now what makes me deeply
         | concerned.
         | 
         | Strange hang-up to have. Irrevocability is not a trait that is
         | fundamental to blockchain applications.
         | 
         | If the application is smart-contract based, irrevocability is a
         | choice at the source code level. Just because one transaction
         | in a block is irrevocable doesn't mean that another transaction
         | in a future block can't undo whatever arbitrary state change
         | was committed in the first. It depends entirely on what you
         | make possible in the contract code.
         | 
         | Neither does the claim hold water for L1s that _are_ the
         | application (e.g. Bitcoin, Monero, etc.). If the entire Bitcoin
         | core development team turned rogue, social consensus from the
         | broader Bitcoin community would soon establish a new canonical
         | chain. Hard forks can be and have been used. This is blockchain
         | 101. Cryptographic and economic guarantees are not fundamental;
         | the social layer is.
        
           | jjoonathan wrote:
           | But that's just it: bad choices in the social layer become
           | nearly irrevocable once a self-interested, powerful elite
           | emerges. The bad choices put them on top and they will do
           | anything to stay there.
        
             | syzygyhack wrote:
             | Not at all. If a self-interested minority emerges, the
             | majority can fork away anew (see: Steem & Hive).
        
               | jjoonathan wrote:
               | lol. You forgot to weight by wealth.
               | 
               | Regular economics uses the same dirty trick when it talks
               | about value creation rather than wealth-weighted value
               | creation. It stuffs all its dirty laundry in that one
               | weight term and then "forgets" to talk about it. Oops!
        
               | syzygyhack wrote:
               | Weight by wealth? You are failing to understand the basic
               | concept of a hard fork. Social consensus doesn't care
               | what your number on the blockchain says.
               | 
               | Case in point, the Hive hard fork.
               | 
               | One very prominent and widely unliked individual
               | purchased majority ownership of the STEEM token. Weighted
               | by wealth, they could now control the chain, its
               | governance, and most notably unlock tokens (20% of the
               | supply) that were (per social consensus between Steem and
               | its community) not supposed to be unlocked.
               | 
               | So, what did the Steem community do in response? They
               | hard forked the platform, launching Hive. All STEEM
               | holders could migrate their assets to Hive, except the
               | individual in question who attempted to takeover Steem
               | via wealth. The malicious elite was cut off entirely.
               | Today, two years on, Hive is still gaining in activity
               | and has more than twice the market cap of STEEM.
               | Comparatively, Steem has become a ghost town.
        
             | hwbehrens wrote:
             | > _But that 's just it: bad choices in the social layer
             | become nearly irrevocable once a self-interested, powerful
             | elite emerges. The bad choices put them on top and they
             | will do anything to stay there._
             | 
             | I would argue that this trait is not unique to blockchain
             | systems -- in fact, if you presented this argument without
             | context, I doubt many readers would put blockchain in the
             | top 5 potential referents. See: economic systems, political
             | power struggles, social structures, etc.
        
               | jjoonathan wrote:
               | Agreed 100%.
               | 
               | Satoshi thought bailouts were the problem, but
               | concentrated power was the problem. The libertarian
               | "cure" of stronger property rights only exacerbates power
               | concentration because concentrated power is in the best
               | position to exploit stronger property rights. Cue
               | exponential growth.
        
           | nemetroid wrote:
           | The outcomes of malfunctioning "smart contracts" are
           | irrevocable.
        
             | syzygyhack wrote:
             | Wrong. Smart contracts can be updated. If they are deployed
             | with the ability to update, any outcome can be revoked. It
             | is as simple as adding a new function.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | ?? Updating a smart contract does not rollback the
               | history of transactions, a wallet drained due to a buggy
               | contract is drained for good, that's what "irrevocable
               | outcome" refers to.
        
               | syzygyhack wrote:
               | You're missing the point. You don't need to rollback past
               | transactions that make unwanted changes to the contract
               | state. If you have the ability to update a contract, you
               | can add whatever functionality you need to undo a given
               | state transition. You invoke the new function with a new
               | transaction. The old transactions don't suddenly not
               | happen. Your new transaction simply reverses the state
               | changes, making it as if they hadn't affected the state
               | at all.
               | 
               | It's likely that you aren't considering this possibility
               | because, of course, the average token contract does not
               | do this. It would be a significant trust violation if a
               | contract controller circumnavigated the need for
               | signature checking or allowance setting in order to
               | perform arbitrary token transfers. That does *not* mean
               | the possibility for it to be done does not exist.
               | 
               | At the end of the day, token balances are just key-values
               | in the contract storage, and how those values are changed
               | is enforced at the contract code level. That code can say
               | whatever its controller wants it to say, and if they
               | deploy with the ability to update, they can alter the
               | code as necessary in the future. Token contracts are
               | extremely simply, easy to audit, and so are seldom
               | deployed to be updateable.
               | 
               | To summarize, "irrevocable outcome" is not a fundamental
               | trait of a smart contract application. It is a choice at
               | the code level, with tradeoffs, which can be adapted to
               | suit the application.
        
           | leijurv wrote:
           | I've heard the metaphor that "writing your ledgers in pen
           | instead of pencil doesn't make transactions irreversible" -
           | meaning that in the same sense, actions on the blockchain
           | could be coded to be irreversible.
           | 
           | The difference is in the authority of who gets to reverse
           | transactions. For example, Tether can freeze and generally
           | arbitrarily control USDT token. USDT therefore isn't really a
           | cryptocurrency, since now a central authority can seize it.
           | It seems to me that this authority undermines why one might
           | want to use crypto in the first place. I don't think you can
           | have it both ways.
        
             | syzygyhack wrote:
             | It may undermine why you want to use USDT. I don't see why
             | it would affect your desire to use DAI, for example.
             | 
             | The point is that you can have it any way you like it.
             | There are no hard and fast rules like "irrevocability" as
             | described above.
             | 
             | You can have a contract be not updateable, final, and
             | verify its source code to know there are no malicious
             | functions. Or you can have one that is updateable by its
             | developer. Or one that is updateable by an elected
             | authority. Or updateable by a DAO of the contract's users.
             | There's no single way to do it or perfect solution.
             | 
             | Like most software development, it is the understanding of
             | application requirements and selection of tradeoffs.
        
           | avivo wrote:
           | It is a choice at the software later. And who is making that
           | choice? It's the initial people who actually write that
           | software.
           | 
           | But what if that system is now affecting many other people,
           | or the entire planet in a significant way? Should they have
           | some voice over that?
           | 
           | Under a traditional governance regime the answer is that that
           | is at least possible to change. It may be difficult, but it
           | does not violate the laws of physics and can happen in less
           | time than the heat death of the universe. But we can now
           | write software that makes it functionally impossible for
           | anyone to make that choice, even potentially the original
           | designers. That is an option that we did not have before.
           | It's in some sense the essence of trustlessness.
           | 
           | In some cases, this might be the right trade-off. For
           | example, beyond the blockchain, this is also a way to think
           | about encrypted communications. It is a very significant new
           | power that we can now wield.
           | 
           | But it must be wielded carefully, and that doesn't seem to be
           | happening.
           | 
           | So yes, blockchain applications don't need to be irrevocable.
           | But the ability to make them so is something that could have
           | a very significant implications--potentially negative.
           | 
           | As a somewhat tongue in cheek example, but with a little bit
           | too much reality to be comfortable, this irrevocability might
           | allow you to "create" a paperclip maximizer DAO (incentivized
           | at the social layer, with humans doing the work).
        
             | syzygyhack wrote:
             | > But what if that system is now affecting many other
             | people, or the entire planet in a significant way? Should
             | they have some voice over that?
             | 
             | This is an important point you are making. What you must
             | recognize is that they absolutely _can_ have some voice
             | over that.
             | 
             | Just as we can write software (or smart contracts) that
             | allow no one to update and fix such issues. We can write
             | software that allows one person to do it. Or we can lock
             | the ability behind a multisig, requiring a majority of the
             | software's developers to do so. Still not good enough for
             | the use case due to far-reaching trust ramifications? Then
             | we write code that delegates the ability to trigger such an
             | update to the entire userbase of the application.
             | 
             | In the world of contract platforms, you have to keep in
             | mind that contracts and the tools that you can build with
             | them are primitives. They are composable. There is no
             | problem in building a DAO to control the ability to update
             | a contract (or trigger arbitrary functions to remedy
             | critical situations caused by unexpected and undesired
             | state changes). This is already done in practice in various
             | applications--and sometimes with undesirable outcomes! Of
             | course, these are still experimental times and lessons are
             | still being learned.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | endisneigh wrote:
       | I'd be more interested in seeing what number of crypto buyers are
       | underwater. Despite popular belief the amount of people who own
       | Bitcoin exponentially decreases the further back you go.
       | 
       | I'd be impressed if more than a thousand people who owned Bitcoin
       | a decade ago still own the same bitcoins.
       | 
       | My thesis looking at the volume and prices during the pandemic is
       | that most people who own Bitcoin still despite the price
       | increases are underwater.
        
         | soneca wrote:
         | Not exactly what you asked and I am not sure how correct is
         | this number [0], but it is said that the average Bitcoin
         | purchase price is $21k.
         | 
         | You can't tell how many buyers are underwater from the average
         | buying price being higher than currently price, but it does
         | tell you that a lot of people is currently losing money with
         | Bitcoin.
         | 
         | [0] https://m.investing.com/news/stock-market-news/survey-
         | showed...
        
       | UmbertoNoEco wrote:
       | Abandon this thread ASAP. HN "economists" are in full force with
       | all the wacky theories. If mainstream economists hardly get one
       | thing right, you'll only be totally misled by the clueless crowd
       | here.
        
       | debacle wrote:
       | The greatest evil of cryptocurrency is that it destroyed any hope
       | for real micropayments.
        
         | cowtools wrote:
         | I disagree. I think internet advertising is what killed
         | micropayments. If anything, cryptocurrencies would be really
         | useful for micropayments if they weren't used as poker chips.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | How so? Flattr et al still exists, and can be used, even if
         | cryptocurrencies also exists.
        
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