[HN Gopher] Cryptographic failures in RF encryption allow steali...
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       Cryptographic failures in RF encryption allow stealing robotic
       devices
        
       Author : evilsocket
       Score  : 48 points
       Date   : 2022-06-29 15:42 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cossacklabs.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cossacklabs.com)
        
       | a-dub wrote:
       | > Many developers see security people as annoying creatures,
       | always pointing out mistakes and criticizing incorrect decisions.
       | A cryptographer is considered more malignant: they know math and
       | can tell you actual probabilities of some of your failures. They
       | also yell crypto is not a cryptocurrency and don't roll your own
       | crypto often. That would be us.
       | 
       | > The precise definition of the second proverbial phrase depends
       | on the context and has changed over the last couple of decades,
       | but most of the time it means Do not design your cryptosystems,
       | especially if you don't know anything about them.
       | 
       | this post looks interesting but i can't get past this writing
       | style. sorry. : /
        
       | bragr wrote:
       | So are they talking about the Donkey car project? That's the only
       | one that I'm aware of that aligns with what is said in the
       | article.
        
         | xbar wrote:
         | I suppose they could be talking about any of a variety of
         | drones.
         | 
         | They suggest up to millions of affected devices.
        
           | bragr wrote:
           | ArduPilot then?
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | The worst cryptography vulnerabilities I've discovered have been
       | in RF and small embedded systems, because both settings (and
       | they're often combined!) create constraints that make high-level
       | crypto libraries untenable. This is part of why there's so much
       | interest in lightweight cryptography schemes like Xoodyak
       | (Daemen), Gimli (from the Nacl folks), and STROBE (Hamburg).
       | 
       | Everyone --- at least, everyone in the mid-2000s --- got CTR
       | nonces wrong. But you haven't seen what a custom RF environment
       | does to cryptography until you've seen the counters wrap. :)
        
         | motohagiography wrote:
         | There may or may not have been an RF embedded vendor who just
         | added an xor of any password key you gave it to itself, so that
         | you could turn encryption "on" and add a password and it would
         | "just work" with every other device because they all ostensibly
         | encrypted traffic with a key that was a string of zeroes.
         | 
         | Another hypothetical vendor may have claimed to use 128-bit
         | AES, where it would take a config password, encrypt it with
         | AES, and then xor each packet payload of RF traffic with the
         | bytes from that ciphertext. This was when SDRs and anything
         | that could intercept FHSS traffic cost over $10k so nobody
         | really noticed.
         | 
         | My skills were lame by most standards, and if this is getting
         | attention now, we can expect some really funny conference talks
         | in the next few years and there are some careers to be made on
         | breaking implementations in this relative backwater. The
         | hardest part at the time was extracting the bootloader firmware
         | dump via an open jtag, but most of the firmware images were
         | available via ftp, and the tools for that today are just
         | amazing compared to the 00's.
        
         | a-dub wrote:
         | on the flip side, do newer embedded hardware designs have
         | better sources of entropy and monotony yet? (does that still
         | matter?)
        
           | adhesive_wombat wrote:
           | Yes, many more powerful chips include hardware RNGs now.
           | ESP32 and STM32 and Atmel SAM have them at least. Some 16 bit
           | ones like some MSP430s have them (and AES) too.
           | 
           | I don't think they're generally in 8-bitters unless some of
           | the newer "big-little" ones throw one in, but probably most
           | IoT devices that need cryptographic security would use a
           | 32-bitter these days anyway if nothing else for the
           | networking.
           | 
           | There are also devices like the ATECC608 which have an
           | internal HRNG, and also provide offloaded security
           | cryptographic signing based on that, which both saves a very
           | small device burning cycles on crypto and also prevents a
           | private key ever residing in the CPU.
        
       | upofadown wrote:
       | There doesn't seem to be any actual demonstration of an attack.
       | Just a bunch of discussion of various types of attacks with the
       | implication that there might be something or somethings out there
       | that are susceptible.
        
       | ziddoap wrote:
       | > _Hundreds of thousands, if not millions. The nature of the
       | device has been heavily redacted to protect the guilty._
       | 
       | This is rather annoying, and sort of the whole point of
       | responsible disclosure.
       | 
       | Disclose the vulnerability to the company, and at some
       | predetermined amount of time later spill the beans, including the
       | vendor.
       | 
       | If the company does not want to fix it, the people using the
       | products deserve to know that and make their decision (dump the
       | product, live with the risk, etc.). Or the company fixes it, and
       | people are happy.
        
         | vixentael wrote:
         | A valid point. But responsible disclosure in the world of un-
         | patchable devices that actually move and can cause physical
         | harm once pwned feels a little bit different. While we've done
         | things to mitigate a blast radius, publicising guilty names
         | would still lead to lots of damage because you know, these are
         | toy cars.
        
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       (page generated 2022-06-29 23:01 UTC)