[HN Gopher] What happened to the lab-leak hypothesis?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What happened to the lab-leak hypothesis?
        
       Author : summoned
       Score  : 378 points
       Date   : 2022-06-24 17:55 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (unherd.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (unherd.com)
        
       | subsubzero wrote:
       | Here are two "damning" articles about the lab leak theory, for
       | some reason these articles were not widely seen but highly
       | recommend them if you are searching for the truth around the
       | origin of covid:
       | 
       | https://theintercept.com/2021/09/23/coronavirus-research-gra...
       | 
       | and:
       | 
       | https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/03/the-virus-hunting-no...
        
       | csours wrote:
       | There are two sources that most people talk about:
       | 
       | 1. The Wuhan Institute of Virology
       | 
       | 2. A particular market in Wuhan.
       | 
       | However, all we really know is that Wuhan is the first city with
       | a lot of cases. It is entirely possible that the virus, or a
       | virus precursor was active in a small population somewhere else.
       | Also, there are a lot of labs in Wuhan besides the WIV.
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | I suppose it's possible, but is it likely? Given the virality
         | of Covid if it was present in another city before hand that
         | city would have been the first to get a lot of cases.
        
           | csours wrote:
           | It spreads a bit more slowly in rural areas, and there could
           | have been a mutation that increased fitness and spread in
           | humans. There is very little that we can say MUST be true
           | about the origin of Sars-Cov-2
        
       | VoodooJuJu wrote:
       | The lab-leak hypothesis has been suppressed because it is a
       | politically unauthorized thought.
       | 
       | If the hypothesis is investigated and proven true, powerful
       | people stand to face justice, which is of course unacceptable to
       | these very people, and so the idea has been banned by way of
       | media silence and by way of association with other unauthorized
       | politics, i.e. with those who are right of center.
        
         | notananthem wrote:
         | lol jet fuel melt zoonotic origin beams right
        
         | booleandilemma wrote:
         | Not to mention you'd see a rise in anti-Asian hate crime as
         | disturbed people take out their frustrations.
        
       | peyton wrote:
       | If I don't see health authorities taking lab safety seriously by
       | thoroughly and publicly investigating, why should I believe they
       | take vaccine safety seriously? The framing damages credibility.
        
         | bastawhiz wrote:
         | Why should you believe they take food safety seriously? Why
         | should you believe they take water quality and treatment
         | seriously? Or the authorities who oversee the safety of
         | aerospace or airbags or what your bank is allowed to do with
         | your savings? Vaccine safety is an awfully specific thing to
         | double down on considering the overwhelmingly broad set of
         | things that you rely on public servants for (specifically ones
         | who regulate health), the very small number of times you need
         | to get a vaccine in your life, and the sheer numbers and public
         | nature of trials around vaccine testing.
        
         | jahewson wrote:
         | Because Western authorities have no power to investigate the
         | Chinese?
        
       | nomoreusernames wrote:
       | Well, I for one am a firm believer in the Labrador-Leak
       | hypothesis. Anyone who disagrees surely is not a TRUE scientist.
       | Just look at the numbers. More labradors than ever before.
       | Statistics never lie. Everybody knows that Labradors are dogs.
        
       | WithinReason wrote:
       | Just a reminder that the predecessor of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-1
       | leaked from the lab 4 (yes, four) times. The Wikipedia page lists
       | 3 of them:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_laboratory_biosecurity...
       | 
       | Biosecurity incidents are shockingly common.
        
       | theptip wrote:
       | I think the important point is not whether this outbreak was in
       | fact a lab leak, but that it is entirely plausible due to gain-
       | of-function research.
       | 
       | Even if this one wasn't a lab leak, the next one very well could
       | be. The risk/reward profile of that sort of research is insanely
       | unfavorable.
        
         | bayesian_horse wrote:
         | There's no proof of "gain of function" experiments at all or
         | specifically linked to Sars-Cov-2. It is heavily unlikely that
         | such an experiment would switch a virus from un-pandemic-able
         | to pandemic-able. The mechanisms to do that are entirely
         | theoretical.
         | 
         | So it's not clear at all that gain of function would have been
         | able to create a Virus like Sars-Cov-2 out of a hypothetical
         | bat virus. And there is no evidence any such research has been
         | going on. Nor is there any evidence the virus has passed
         | through the Wuhan lab in question at all.
        
         | azekai wrote:
         | This is the conversation we need to have, on an international
         | level.
        
           | EA_itsinthegame wrote:
           | When Australia proposed an international investigation into
           | the origins, in direct response, China started cyber attacks,
           | resentencing Australian prisoners to death, and used economic
           | warfare.
           | 
           | This seems like a conversation we can not have, if China has
           | any say in it. And for a natural origin spillover event, it
           | sure wants to have its say...
        
             | zo1 wrote:
             | If your claims are true, then the fact that I (and others)
             | didn't know this is seriously disturbing. I think a lot of
             | people would have doubled down and pushed for alot more
             | pressure and investigation into all of China's dealings
             | across the board, if they had known.
             | 
             | At the very least it's an indictment on our media which
             | should be pointing out these curious coincidences. Instead
             | I think they have other motives.
        
               | throwawaymaths wrote:
               | I don't know about the other two but Australian coal was
               | put under sanction by china in the wake of their call for
               | an investigation. This, ironically, was quite bad for
               | china since it indirectly led to power cuts in some
               | provinces because they couldn't use the lower grade of
               | coal otherwise available.
               | 
               | https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/03/australia-finds-new-
               | markets-...
               | 
               | Power cuts later that fall:
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/business-58733193
        
               | SiempreViernes wrote:
               | Doubly ironically is that this was probably the single
               | most effective action Morrison took to limit climate
               | change emissions!
        
         | qbasic_forever wrote:
         | Whatever toy gain of function research someone is doing in a
         | lab vastly pales in comparison to the enormous gain of function
         | 'experiment' we are right now performing worldwide with the
         | continued high transmission rate of COVID-19.
         | 
         | Look at what variants like Omicron BA.5 and BA.4 have evolved
         | into, they are quite possibly the most infectious and dangerous
         | air spread pathogens known to man. These didn't come from a
         | lab, we cooked them up by dropping all mitigations and
         | pretending the pandemic was over instead of quashing this virus
         | for good.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | The only alternative to this experiment is China's currently
           | policy. There isn't much of a middle ground because anything
           | short of aggressive testing, lockdowns, and quarantine won't
           | be enough to stop the spread.
        
             | qbasic_forever wrote:
             | No, we literally just need to mandate N95 masks in public
             | settings and get the effective R value down near 1 again.
             | Contact tracing and government support for paid sick leave,
             | etc. would control it even further. At no point do harsh
             | lockdowns have to happen.
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | > No, we literally just need to mandate N95 masks in
               | public settings and get the effective R value down near 1
               | again.
               | 
               | But as soon as people take off masks, it starts spreading
               | again. It's also getting less politically viable when
               | ~70% of Americans have had covid (the CDC estimated 60%
               | in late April).
        
               | qbasic_forever wrote:
               | > It's also getting less politically viable when ~70% of
               | Americans have had covid (the CDC estimated 60% in late
               | April)
               | 
               | This means nothing. The virus reinfects people with
               | existing immunity. For example Senator Wicker from MS is
               | on his _third_ infection:
               | https://www.magnoliastatelive.com/2022/06/13/senator-
               | roger-w... Two of those infections have been in the last
               | four months alone!
               | 
               | We have to use NPIs like masking to stop the virus from
               | spreading in order to stop new variants from evolving.
               | There is no herd immunity. There is no natural immunity.
        
           | eric_cc wrote:
           | > we cooked them up
           | 
           | When you say "we", who do you mean exactly? How did they cook
           | them?
           | 
           | Can you explain why you believe the pandemic is not over?
        
             | qbasic_forever wrote:
             | > When you say "we", who do you mean exactly? How did they
             | cook them?
             | 
             | The entire population of the western world. Every time
             | COVID-19 infects a person and replicates it has the chance
             | to mutate or introduce errors. If those errors in
             | replication increase the fitness of the virus it will
             | evolve to become a more powerful variant (i.e. gain of
             | function). By continuing to allow hundreds of thousands of
             | new cases and infections to occur daily we are increasing
             | the chance of variants evolving. The _only_ way to stop
             | variants is to stop transmission, period.
             | 
             | > Can you explain why you believe the pandemic is not over?
             | 
             | We are still averaging over 100k new cases a day in the US.
             | And that's with almost all of the population using rapid
             | tests that aren't counted in that measurement.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | Ah yes, is this the old "let's lock down the planet
               | forever" solution?
        
           | aftbit wrote:
           | Source please? Everything I've read about latest Omicrons
           | suggests that they are more transmissible, more likely to
           | evade immunity, and substantially _less_ severe in terms of
           | hospitalization and deaths. By and large, this is what you'd
           | expect to happen at the end of a pandemic, regardless of our
           | response.
        
             | qbasic_forever wrote:
             | You admit it yourself, I will quote you:
             | 
             | "they are more transmissible, more likely to evade
             | immunity"
             | 
             | Intrinsic severity of the virus doesn't change the fact it
             | is the most transmissible virus we have ever seen in the
             | world.
             | 
             | Even if it is intrinsically less severe than previous
             | variants, because we are allowing it to spread to EVERYONE
             | in the world we are seeing a much worse impact. Did you
             | miss that in the US alone we've had over 160k deaths from
             | COVID-19 just in the last 6 months of this year? No other
             | virus has had this level of death in the same timeframe.
        
         | andai wrote:
         | Fun fact, Covid did leak from a Chinese lab, but it was in
         | December 2021:
         | 
         | >A lab worker was bitten and infected by a mouse infected with
         | the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant at a high-biosecurity facility in
         | Taipei.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_laboratory_biosecurity...
        
           | saila wrote:
           | From the Wikipedia link: "A lab worker was bitten and
           | infected by a mouse infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta
           | variant at a high-biosecurity facility in Taipei [Taiwan in
           | December of 2021]".
           | 
           | From there, news articles speculate that "this will add
           | credibility to the lab leak theory [if confirmed]" and this
           | "gives legs to Wuhan lab leak theory," which is hardly
           | conclusive.
           | 
           | I don't see how this incident would indicate that SARS-CoV-2
           | initially came out of a lab. It demonstrates a possible
           | vector out of a lab, but I'm guessing that's already a well-
           | known vector when dealing with lab animals, and it doesn't
           | provide any evidence that SARS-CoV-2 was actually developed
           | in a lab or initially spread from one.
        
           | cbb330 wrote:
           | Taipei, the capitol of Taiwan, is not a Chinese entity. This
           | is a lab leak from a Taiwanese lab.
        
             | alkjl4l4tl wrote:
        
             | robonerd wrote:
             | Taiwan is Chinese, but they're not communist Chinese. They
             | are the Republic of China, not the _People 's_ Republic of
             | China.
        
               | ChemSpider wrote:
               | Most Taiwanese do not see themselves as Chinese.
               | 
               | > Republic of China
               | 
               | Most Taiwanese would love to change that name, but China
               | is threating war if they do.
        
             | idontwantthis wrote:
             | That would be a fun conflation by a Chinese advocate.
        
             | dehrmann wrote:
             | I know what you mean, but Taipei is the capital of the
             | Republic of China.
        
               | saila wrote:
               | Most people are referring to PRC (AKA mainland China,
               | nominally communist) not ROC (AKA Taiwan, a republic)
               | when they say China (at least in the west), so your
               | statement is true but not particularly helpful in this
               | context.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | As someone in tech, what bothers me is all the attention AI
         | gets for possible ethical problems, while biologists are doing
         | some pretty scary experiments with potentially large-scale
         | negative consequences, and they've gotten relatively little
         | attention.
        
           | SiempreViernes wrote:
           | Biologists have well developed frameworks for judging the
           | ethics of experiments that has been built up over a century
           | of horrifying missteps.
           | 
           | AI is at the "hire and fire until they get a sycophant" stage
           | in the development of proper ethical review methods.
        
           | handmodel wrote:
           | It's also very weird that the same type of people who
           | normally talk about corporations/governments covering up
           | pollutants do not talk about how many people could die from a
           | potential lab leak.
        
       | bayesian_horse wrote:
       | Discussion of the "lab leak hypothesis" isn't helpful and has on
       | the contrary done a lot of harm. The problem is that a "lab leak"
       | is understood as something evil, intentional or reckless. The
       | research into bat viruses however is vital. There is also no
       | evidence that Sars-Cov-2 even originated in a bat, much less
       | passed through a laboratory.
        
         | robonerd wrote:
         | > _intentional or reckless._
         | 
         | Yes, that would cover all lab leak possibilities, wouldn't it?
         | If we assume the premise of a lab leak, then logically they
         | either they did it on purpose or it was an accident. The union
         | of intentional and reckless gives 100% coverage. You might as
         | well say _" the grain silo blew up intentionally or due to
         | recklessness."_ No shit.
         | 
         | > _The research into bat viruses however is vital._
         | 
         | Grain silos are vital to society, but if one blows up
         | accidentally then wouldn't you say it's important to recognize
         | the accident and enact measures to make similar accidents less
         | likely in the future? The importance of grain silos to society
         | is not an argument against investigating the role of negligence
         | in grain silo accidents. If this research killed millions of
         | people by accident, then figuring that out matters so new
         | security measures can be enacted.
        
       | mr_gibbins wrote:
       | If the lab leak hypothesis is proven beyond all doubt, then it
       | embarrasses China.
       | 
       | Embarrassing one of the world's superpowers is broadly seen as an
       | undesirable thing to do.
       | 
       | Ergo, scientists producing findings backing up the hypothesis
       | will find plenty of opponents whose first and only job is to
       | discredit them in any way possible, from denying their papers
       | publication (looking at you, ResearchGate) to publicly attacking
       | them on social media (Dr. Malone).
        
         | YeBanKo wrote:
         | Lab leak theory is never going to be proven beyond reasonable
         | doubt. For that to happen, Chinese government would need to
         | cooperate. And it is almost an axiom that they won't, if it has
         | a slight chance of making them look bad.
        
       | 1024core wrote:
       | 9/11 cost us ~ 3000 lives? And we spent 20 years fighting wars,
       | killing 100s of 1000s of people, bombing the shit out of entire
       | countries, and trillions of dollars in trying to exact revenge.
       | 
       | COVID kills 1,000,000 people (and counting...), which is 333X the
       | death toll from 9/11; and we just shrug and do nothing?
       | 
       | Just doesn't compute.
        
         | jahewson wrote:
         | One is an intentional act by a group of people. The other is,
         | at worst, an accident where the main actor is a molecule.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | chrisco255 wrote:
           | How can you ascribe motives if you don't even know the facts?
           | Even if it was an accident, it would be gross negligence and
           | worthy of intense investigation.
        
           | YeBanKo wrote:
           | Where the main actor is a scientific institution funded by
           | public and private money from multiple countries.
        
           | 1024core wrote:
           | My point is that we spent so much effort in response to 9/11,
           | but when COVID happened, we didn't even care to look into
           | what caused the death of 1M Americans, and just took China's
           | word for it.
        
         | rory wrote:
         | The bigger problem there is the response to 9/11, not the
         | response to Covid.
        
         | alkjl4l4tl wrote:
        
       | stetrain wrote:
       | I think understanding the origin is important, but I also
       | understand why it wasn't a media fixation during the pandemic
       | itself.
       | 
       | 1) Understanding the origin doesn't change the consequences or
       | response to the pandemic
       | 
       | 2) Unlike the nuclear analogy in the article, pandemic virus
       | outbreaks happen naturally, and fairly frequently. Combined with
       | the huge increase in global travel, when one does happen it can
       | be around the world in every airport before anyone has even
       | identified it.
       | 
       | So in the big picture this type of outbreak seems inevitable, not
       | anomalous or inherently preventable.
       | 
       | Understanding the origin, either by cross-species origination or
       | a laboratory containment breach, is indeed important and
       | significant and should be pursued, but I also understand why the
       | search for that answer isn't at the top of the 24-hour news
       | cycle.
        
         | ShannonLimiter wrote:
         | > 1) Understanding the origin doesn't change the consequences
         | or response to the pandemic
         | 
         | I have the opposite opinion.
         | 
         | If there was a lab leak and a coverup, this meant that the
         | Chinese government likely knew earlier and had more information
         | about the nature of the virus and how it spread. That could
         | have saved millions of lives.
         | 
         | We spent the first several months of the pandemic under the
         | belief that it wasn't airborne. This ended up being false.
         | 
         | If this was a lab leak, it means that this kind of research is
         | far more dangerous than we've been lead to believe and
         | continuing without appropriate safeguards puts us at great
         | risk.
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | > If there was a lab leak and a coverup, this meant that the
           | Chinese government likely knew earlier and had more
           | information about the nature of the virus and how it spread.
           | 
           | You're assuming that the lab "designed" it like a new vehicle
           | engine complete with horsepower and torque specs.
           | 
           | Even given it was produced in a lab through chimeras and
           | serial passage then they still wouldn't have known what they
           | had. They wouldn't have known its characteristics in a human
           | population. They wouldn't have known how long its incubation
           | period was, or when peak symptoms and peak transmissibility
           | happened, they wouldn't have known its virulence, or its R0
           | in a human population or pretty much anything. They'd might
           | have receptor binding assays against the human ACE-2
           | receptor. That knowledge and $4.25 will buy you a latte, but
           | it won't predict the trajectory of a pandemic.
           | 
           | And why aren't you annoyed at the coverup that China is doing
           | of its zoonotic origins and that China isn't cleaning up all
           | of the trafficking in live animals like palm civets and
           | racoon dogs? We know SARS-CoV-1 happened, and there was no
           | BSL4 lab to blame it on, so it was definitely zoonotic, yet
           | still fairly unexplained, and nothing serious was done to
           | prevent it from happening again. Now the US is blaming the
           | WIV lab and China is feeding its domestic population
           | propaganda about how the US did it, and still nothing is
           | being done to address the mechanism that we know created
           | SARS-CoV-1. There's still a known virological time bomb there
           | that nobody is doing anything about.
           | 
           | And the reason why China wants to cover up the zoonotic
           | origins and kick the can down the road is that it can use the
           | lab leak theory to push the domestic propaganda that the US
           | did, along with avoiding the political costs of clamping down
           | on the animal trade. And there will be a political cost to
           | doing that. Imagine if in 2009 that the H1N1 pandemic
           | happened in a US pig farm and was 100 times worse, and then
           | Obama tried to ban bacon to prevent a future pandemic.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | I really have to ask. Did we really not have any idea how
           | corona viruses spread before? If so, what other virus
           | families we are unaware now and why aren't we spending lot of
           | money to prepare for all of them?
        
           | rdl wrote:
           | Airborne was always known; debate was droplet vs aerosol
           | (particle size and thus dwell time/radius). Not really a
           | binary distinction anyway; a matter of degree.
        
             | timr wrote:
             | I agree it's not binary -- and the SARS CoV2 debate, in
             | particular, became a theater of the absurd -- but the
             | categorical distinction is not entirely crazy: some viruses
             | are much more sensitive to drying out or exposure to the
             | environment and simply cannot transmit efficiently in tiny
             | aerosols.
             | 
             | Tons of work has gone into weaponizing smallpox, for
             | example. It's a non-trivial thing, even though smallpox is
             | _technically_ already a virus that transmits via aerosol.
             | Many viruses will exist in saliva, and will happily
             | transmit through direct contact, but won 't transmit well
             | via the air (mononucleosis comes to mind).
        
             | rhino369 wrote:
             | A fair large degree though. However, as I understand it, it
             | wasn't a misconception unique this particular coronavirus.
             | But that the entire medical field just had a longstanding,
             | bad understanding of dynamics. So its not like the Wuhan
             | lab was sitting on some crucial information, they almost
             | certainly had the same misunderstanding.
        
             | ChemSpider wrote:
             | > Airborne was always known
             | 
             | In the early days China even claimed even that this thing
             | is NOT contagious - and yet they already started isolating
             | patients at this time.
        
           | stetrain wrote:
           | I meant the consequences and response to the COVID-19
           | pandemic in 2020-2021.
           | 
           | Of course there are longer term and big-picture consequences
           | if it was a lab leak. Which is why I said it was important to
           | research and understand the origin. I just get why it wasn't
           | top priority during the actual pandemic response.
           | 
           | Edit: And of course there are geopolitical implications. I
           | think the same point applies, at the time the focus was on
           | the response and avoiding inciting a political battle over
           | something that wouldn't have a near-term benefit.
        
           | eric_cc wrote:
           | > If this was a lab leak, it means that this kind of research
           | is far more dangerous than we've been lead to believe
           | 
           | Even if it wasn't a lab leak, it could have been. So whether
           | it was or was not should not change your opinion about the
           | danger of this type of research.
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | > That could have saved millions of lives
           | 
           | But that still doesn't change the consequences or response to
           | the pandemic. That's coulda-woulda-shoulda reasoning.
        
             | _aavaa_ wrote:
             | Of course it does. It will impact other countries
             | relationships with china. And it would impact the kind and
             | level of scrutiny over this kind of research.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | > It will impact other countries relationships with
               | china. And it would impact the kind and level of scrutiny
               | over this kind of research.
               | 
               | I think the point is that neither of those would have had
               | an effect _on the pandemic_. By the time it was major
               | news in the US, it was too late for any of that to matter
               | _in terms of what to do about this pandemic_. Not the
               | next one, or our future relations with China, but with
               | _this_ pandemic.
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | A) I guess I interpreted "consequences" more generally to
               | also include the consequences beyond the disease itself.
               | 
               | B) I still believe that it would have been important. If
               | it escaped from a lab, then those working in the lab
               | could potentially have important information to share
               | with the world about it. E.g. is it airborne, how much
               | does it mutate, etc. They would have been studying it for
               | a reason.
        
           | ikiris wrote:
           | I'm going to be blunt here. No one with medical training
           | thought this wasn't airborne.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | rhinoceraptor wrote:
             | The communication at the beginning was that it was only
             | spread through respiratory droplets, so therefore the
             | combination of social distancing and cloth/surgical masks
             | would be sufficient.
             | 
             | Airborne/aerosol transmission was only acknowledged by the
             | WHO and CDC in May of 2021, over a year after the pandemic
             | was declared. And taking that long to acknowledge it makes
             | me think it wasn't just a strategic lie to preserve the
             | supply of respirators for medical staff.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | That was debunked here on HN right from the start though.
               | And this is hardly a specialist medical community. I
               | think the parent is right in asserting that the medical
               | community knew this all along. Probably they didn't know
               | for absolute certain, but it was considered highly
               | likely. And that then got spun into a confusing message
               | by the media. The WHO and the CDC were useless, but
               | plenty of medical bodies around the world did much better
               | than them.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | CDC updated its site in Oct 2020 to acknowledge airborne
               | spread. There is still something of an argument in the
               | scientific/medical community about what "airborne" means.
               | A lot of folks lived through https://en.wikipedia.org/wik
               | i/1976_Philadelphia_Legionnaires... which is scary
               | because if there's just another infected person in the
               | building, they can infect people far away!
               | 
               | and when the initial scientific articles about COVID air
               | spreading
               | (https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/7/20-0764_article)
               | came out, many policy makers were truly terrified of
               | making announcements that would cause worldwide panic.
        
             | themgt wrote:
             | July 10, 2020:
             | 
             |  _The new coronavirus is likely spreading through the air
             | to some degree, the top U.S. infectious disease official
             | said on Friday, one day after the World Health Organization
             | urged further studies on the ways the virus is
             | transmitted._
             | 
             |  _"Still some question about aerosol but likely some degree
             | of aerosol," Anthony Fauci, the head of the U.S. National
             | Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said by video
             | during a panel session at a COVID-19 conference organized
             | by the International AIDS Society._
             | 
             |  _Fauci on Thursday had said it was a "reasonable
             | assumption" that airborne transmission was occurring even
             | though there was not a lot of solid evidence behind it. The
             | WHO urged more studies on the issue._
             | 
             | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-
             | meetin...
        
             | bragh wrote:
             | Funny then how for the first few months of the pandemic the
             | emphasis and public guidance was on desinfecting hands and
             | surfaces and endless debates about how if masks actually
             | help.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | propagandist wrote:
               | That was deliberate disinformation in order to save masks
               | for the "frontline workers". Fauci has stated that in one
               | of the hearings.
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | It wasn't disinformation. It was no secret that one of
               | the reasons masks weren't recommended for general public
               | use was that hospitals and clinics should be supplied as
               | a priority.
               | 
               | If you got a different impression than this message,
               | blame wherever you get your news from.
        
               | pseudo0 wrote:
               | What, the US Surgeon General? https://archive.ph/KgfXW
               | 
               | > Seriously people- STOP BUYING MASKS!
               | 
               | > They are NOT effective in preventing general public
               | from catching #Coronavirus, but if healthcare providers
               | can't get them to care for sick patients, it puts them
               | and our communities at risk!
               | 
               | It's hard to get more direct than that. It wasn't just
               | about preserving supply for healthcare workers, high-
               | level government officials were explicitly stating that
               | masks were not effective for the general public.
               | 
               | Fortunately we have archives of all this stuff, as many
               | statements (like this one) were later deleted.
        
               | ssully wrote:
               | Seriously. I can find social media posts of friends in
               | April of 2020 sewing cloth masks to donate to
               | hospitals/medical clinics to help them backfill their
               | mask shortages.
        
               | daveevad wrote:
               | I'm not sure that is correct. In a subsequently FOIA'd
               | email, Fauci told a colleague on February 5, 2020.
               | 
               | > Masks are really for infected people to prevent them
               | from spreading infection to people who are not infected
               | rather than protecting uninfected people from acquiring
               | infection.
        
               | LordDragonfang wrote:
               | That's a well known fact about how masks work in general,
               | yes. They have a large effect on transmission _from_ the
               | wearer and a comparatively small effect in preventing
               | transmission _to_ the wearer.
               | 
               | However, when you have a limited supply of masks, it's
               | impossible to give them out to every potentially-infected
               | person, so saving them for high-risk people (like
               | healthcare professionals, who also have the highest risk
               | of becoming infected themselves) is still rational.
        
               | runnerup wrote:
               | That was the worst strategy the administration could have
               | used.
        
               | leppr wrote:
               | I distinctly recall a virologist on public television
               | early in the pandemic saying the hands and surface
               | disinfection rituals were for psychology. He was not
               | recommending masks either because there weren't enough to
               | go around for everyone.
               | 
               | The debates about masks in the west, even after
               | production ramped up, were a consequence of the initial
               | confusing messages from officials. I've never seen it
               | debated in Asia where they had masks available from the
               | start.
        
               | ikiris wrote:
               | No one competent has debated that masks help.
        
               | Lionga wrote:
               | The German authority's namely RKI said they do not help
               | for a long time. Until they flipped 180
        
           | friedman23 wrote:
           | This pandemic was raging inside China for months before it
           | reached the US. What the Chinese government did by not
           | allowing international observers and researchers and
           | preventing the spread of information DID result in millions
           | of lives lost. We could have had the vaccine available MONTHS
           | in advance.
        
           | thenayr wrote:
           | What...literally everyone knew there was AT LEAST airbone
           | risk of infection. Not sure where you got your pandemic
           | information?
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | > If there was a lab leak and a coverup, this meant that the
           | Chinese government likely knew earlier and had more
           | information about the nature of the virus and how it spread.
           | That could have saved millions of lives.
           | 
           | The lesson here is not "we need to prove it was a lab leak,"
           | the lesson is "we need better visibility inside China." Which
           | is also true for viruses that arise naturally inside China.
           | 
           | Do you think that if you could prove with total certainty
           | that it was a lab leak in 2019, that would change China's
           | approach to secrecy in the future?
           | 
           | > If this was a lab leak, it means that this kind of research
           | is far more dangerous than we've been lead to believe and
           | continuing without appropriate safeguards puts us at great
           | risk.
           | 
           | Do you think we can stop secret viral research in China if
           | they want to do it?
           | 
           | One of my frustrations with the "lab leak theory" is that it
           | seems to cause fuzzy thinking about future preparedness.
           | 
           | We can't control other nations and we can't stop natural
           | viral evolution. Future preparedness is the same as past
           | preparedness: detect and respond. We just did a bad job of it
           | with COVID-19. The lesson is: do a better job.
        
             | ShannonLimiter wrote:
             | > The lesson here is not "we need to prove it was a lab
             | leak," the lesson is "we need better visibility inside
             | China." Which is also true for viruses that arise naturally
             | inside China.
             | 
             | The WIV was conducting research with US financial and
             | technical support. The lab in question regarding a
             | potential leak was funded in part to look for early signs
             | of outbreaks.
             | 
             | If there was a lab leak and it was inadvertently caused by
             | this lab, would you suggest that we continue to fund and
             | provide support with no changes?
             | 
             | > One of my frustrations with the "lab leak theory" is that
             | it seems to cause fuzzy thinking about future preparedness.
             | 
             | I can't speak to what you've seen elsewhere, but future
             | preparedness should involve more transparency, safeguards
             | that samples are being tested with the right safety levels
             | and actual independent oversight.
             | 
             | It seems crazy to continue funding a bad faith actor
             | without those conditions.
        
         | fleddr wrote:
         | Your "no priority" stance doesn't hold ground if the article is
         | to be believed. The lab leak theory wasn't just low on the
         | agenda, it was actively avoid altogether.
        
         | Trufa wrote:
         | Concerning number 1) that is doesn't change the Consequence I
         | agree, but the response I thoroughly disagree unless you means
         | strictly short term.
         | 
         | Came or not from a lab, SynBio and gain of functions
         | experiments have the potential of re-doing this of way worse.
         | 
         | So basically the only truly important response that is not
         | damage containment is to prevent this from happening (or happen
         | again).
         | 
         | Honestly beside fringe groups I don't see any initiatives
         | happening, if it was up to me I'd kick gain of function
         | experiments into the same realm as chemical weapons.
        
           | stetrain wrote:
           | I meant how we were dealing with COVID-19 as it spread, not
           | future consequences which I agree do matter.
           | 
           | Once we identified and sequenced the virus, knowing the
           | origin wasn't going to change how many people were on
           | ventilators in hospitals.
        
           | closeparen wrote:
           | There are a variety of natural phenomena and human activities
           | that are liable to create new dangerous viruses and/or bring
           | humans into contact with them. Gain of function research
           | presumably belongs in this category; so do certain food and
           | livestock handling practices, development at the wildland-
           | urban interface, climate change, and a host of other things.
           | 
           | The question is how much incremental risk do these activities
           | expose us to, what is the cost/benefit of curtailing them,
           | and what can we feasibly curtail. The risks are what they
           | are, and while we might be misjudging them, knowing the
           | origin of a single event is not especially helpful in
           | recalibrating.
           | 
           | Nature breeds extremely serious viruses all by herself; a
           | depressing possibility here is that humans just don't have
           | that much influence over the risk of another pandemic no
           | matter what we do.
        
             | jtbayly wrote:
             | > The question is how much incremental risk do these
             | activities expose us to, what is the cost/benefit of
             | curtailing them, and what can we feasibly curtail. The
             | risks are what they are, and while we might be misjudging
             | them, knowing the origin of a single event is not
             | especially helpful in recalibrating.
             | 
             | If only we had responded this way to the virus.
        
         | daxfohl wrote:
         | I don't even think it's that different from nuclear. The fact
         | that Iraq had no WMDs (and I have doubts that anybody in the
         | intelligence community really thought they did) got swept under
         | the rug too, after a ton of civilian deaths there and military
         | deaths on both sides. People just make stuff up and then it's
         | too late.
        
         | dpbriggs wrote:
         | We already had intense media speculation about the source of
         | the virus at the start of the pandemic because _people wanted
         | to know_. It would have been nice to have a proper
         | investigation at the start of the pandemic as they may have
         | caught evidence before it could have been destroyed.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | user3939382 wrote:
         | I guess I'm more cynical, maybe even conspiratorial. My theory
         | is that NIH was possibly, even if indirectly, contributing
         | funding to the research that caused the outbreak, and that the
         | major corporate media networks are there to shill for the
         | establishment forces in the government and hushed this story as
         | not to humiliate Fauci and the NIH.
         | 
         | I've seen Rand Paul credibly grilling Fauci on this issue a
         | number of times and each time, the propaganda machine on reddit
         | came out to damage control for Fauci.
         | 
         | The larger problem, beyond whether we funded this or not,
         | whether or not it was a bat, is that the media and leaders in
         | the government have repeatedly shown themselves to be
         | completely undeserving of trust and so you're left guessing
         | what the truth is with whatever limited information you have
         | access to.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | > I also understand why it wasn't a media fixation during the
         | pandemic itself.
         | 
         | You list some reasons, and I have in my mind a different
         | reason.
         | 
         | There was a media blackout on the lab leak hypothesis because
         | China put the kibosh on it, and since the US is dependent on
         | Chinese exports for healthcare, PPE, defense and other critical
         | supply lines, we did not want to piss them off.
         | 
         | Direction to the media for this blackout came from the US State
         | Dept, and Mike Pompeo confirmed as much in semi-public comments
         | that I will link if I ever find them again.
         | 
         | edit: this isn't the source I was thinking of, and it fingers
         | the IC not State. I will keep looking
         | https://www.newsweek.com/mike-pompeo-intel-officials-wuhan-l...
        
         | 127 wrote:
         | Wasn't SARS-1 stopped largely with contact tracing? You're
         | saying that understanding the origin of the virus does not help
         | the production of a vaccine in any way?
        
           | stetrain wrote:
           | Knowing where the virus is, how it spreads, and its genetic
           | sequence are of course important. But I don't think CNN
           | running segments about whether it came from a lab or a bat in
           | 2020-2021 would have helped with any of those points.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Big difference between the two: with SARS-1 you first got
           | symptoms then become contagious, with COVID-19 it was the
           | other way around. Obviously the second one is much harder to
           | control, and if that had not been the case there is a fair
           | chance that the pandemic would have been stopped in the
           | initial phase.
        
       | malikNF wrote:
       | Wait the article says there's 200k cases in the U.K everyday now?
       | Why is google reporting way lower? [1]
       | 
       | [1]https://i.imgur.com/u6KABa5.png
        
         | peteradio wrote:
         | You are misquoting, its estimated infections not cases. Not
         | everyone who has an active infection gets a test and reports
         | it, in fact its a small fraction.
        
         | __alexs wrote:
         | Presumably it's based on the ONS estimates.
        
         | abainbridge wrote:
         | I guess it is because the UK stopped doing as much testing.
         | Presumably Google is reporting the number of positive tests (or
         | something) and many people with covid don't bother getting
         | tested any more.
         | 
         | The ONS is still doing random sampling and extrapolating to say
         | how many people in the country are infected. "Around 1.7m
         | people in the UK had coronavirus in the week ending 18 June" -
         | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-51768274
        
       | Melatonic wrote:
       | While I 100% am most invested in the idea it was from some type
       | of wild animal (probably a bat - scientists have been warning us
       | for YEARS that when we encroach and destroy habitats of animals
       | we are pushing our luck for exposing new diseases) I did/do have
       | a pretty niche theory that I saw almost nowhere else. So to be
       | clear - obviously - I do not actually think this is likely:
       | 
       | September 2019 there was a large explosion at one of Russia's top
       | viral research labs (supposedly also bioweapons) in Siberia due
       | to large natural fires in Siberia - link below
       | 
       | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49727101
       | 
       | Officials then declare the explosion and lab not to be an issue
       | and everyone moves on.
       | 
       | Is it not possible that something was accidentally leaked from
       | this lab? I am not implying intent here - just that we could be
       | dealing with an accident caused by the huge, huge fires. This is
       | the same lab that later develops the Russian COVID vaccine.
       | 
       | At the time the only other reference I could find to this was a
       | joke made by a comedian in Russia which they very quickly cracked
       | down on:
       | 
       | https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/04/07/russia-opens-crimi...
       | 
       | I posted about this once before on Hacker News and got a TON of
       | downvotes. Not trying to spread misinformation or something here
       | at all.
        
         | jaywalk wrote:
         | Your Russia theory is on par with the one from the Chinese
         | government saying the virus came to Wuhan from the US via some
         | frozen food.
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | A hypothesis is something that can be disproven. Lab leak was
       | never a hypothesis. It was never more than a talking point. Even
       | just looking at the inconclusive evidence, there was zero
       | indication it was true (the genetic changes between covid 19 and
       | it's natural cousins were random for instance, not targeted as
       | they would be for a man made pathogen).
        
         | affgrff wrote:
         | Lab leak does not require that the pathogen is man made.
        
       | sixQuarks wrote:
       | Let's not forget that talking about the lab leak hypothesis last
       | year resulted in censorship among social media platforms and
       | YouTube
       | 
       | This is why free speech is important, it is impossible to rely on
       | "fact checkers".
        
         | MisterBastahrd wrote:
         | Let's not forget that the lab leak hypothesis was championed by
         | political figures who were embarrassed that they were woefully
         | clueless about how to implement pandemic response plans, even
         | though their agencies already had those plans in place for
         | years, and that their aligned media pushed these conspiracies
         | without evidence.
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | The lab leak hypothesis was also pretty tightly coupled with
         | the bioweapon/intentional release theory which is part of why
         | it received so much push back.
         | 
         | Also I don't recall the specific fact check messages but if
         | they were in line with "there's no hard evidence of a lab leak"
         | I'd say that's still pretty accurate.
        
           | rhino369 wrote:
           | It was tightly coupled to that stuff by fact checkers and
           | other opponents to silence any questions.
        
             | polynomial wrote:
             | Despite being made of flimsy material, some of these straw
             | men are actually quite effective, it seems.
        
             | rtkwe wrote:
             | A lot of what I saw were channels pushing both at the same
             | time. An accidental leak of an attempted bioweapon or
             | something like that was pretty popular in some circles.
        
           | enchiridion wrote:
           | That's not a justification. You're just saying that some
           | speech you approve of was tied to some speech you disapprove
           | of, so both should be censored.
           | 
           | No speech should be censored.
        
             | giantrobot wrote:
             | The owner of a service has no requirement or duty to carry
             | _anyone 's_ speech. A person's freedom of speech doesn't
             | override anyone else's freedom of association. So a private
             | company can censor or reject any speech using their service
             | unless otherwise mandated by law (common carrier etc).
        
               | adamrezich wrote:
               | ok, so what's the impetus for censoring it then
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | It's inflammatory, outright disinformation, outright
               | _mis_ information, or just something the service owner
               | doesn't want to carry. Discussion a lab leak hypothesis
               | is not the same as claiming COVID leaked from a bioweapon
               | laboratory or was intentionally leaked for <reasons>.
               | 
               | That being said, social media sites _flagging_ posts is
               | very different from outright censorship. It 's not
               | uncommon for someone to actually get censored/removed
               | from a site claiming its censorship over discussing some
               | topic when really it was a history of dipshit behavior
               | and flagrant TOS violations.
        
               | adamrezich wrote:
               | > It's inflammatory, outright disinformation, outright
               | misinformation
               | 
               | so, the vast majority of social media then? what makes
               | this issue so special? why did all of the major social
               | media networks censor/"flag" anyone publicly speculating
               | only certain speculations about this issue?
        
               | eric_cc wrote:
               | Practically everybody knows this already and yet this
               | comment shows up every time freedom of speech is
               | discussed.
               | 
               | Censorship is bad even when legally permissible. And we
               | should still fight corporations acting unethically even
               | when the law is on their side.
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | What is unethical about not wanting to carry speech you
               | don't agree with, is inflammatory, or outright
               | misinformation?
        
               | eric_cc wrote:
               | Large platforms (twitter, YouTube, etc) banning views
               | that they don't agree with gives them power to truly
               | shape society by controlling acceptable discourse.
               | 
               | What they deem outright information may in fact be true.
               | And even allowing clear misinformation (1+1=3) is
               | important. We need people to learn to process information
               | not protect them from it. Using 1+1=3 analogy, wouldn't
               | you want people to rally around tooling people to learn
               | math?
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | > We need people to learn to process information not
               | protect them from it.
               | 
               | Flagging misinformation _is_ attempting to educate
               | people.
        
         | giantrobot wrote:
         | Lets not forget most "discussions" of the lab leak hypothesis
         | are racist screeds about an _intentional_ lab leak or other
         | conspiratorial bullshit. No social media site can really flag
         | posts in a nuanced way. So everything gets flagged.
         | 
         | Post flagging didn't just happen in a vacuum because social
         | media was against some particular viewpoint.
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | I've followed quite a lot of the lab leak discussion and I
           | wouldn't say that's true. If anything the most popular people
           | to point fingers at are Daszak and his associates who are
           | mostly pretty white.
        
           | yonaguska wrote:
           | Ever considered the possibility of discussion being stifled
           | due to intentional "false flagged" information. We don't want
           | an idea being talked about. Let's just create a socially
           | unacceptable similar conspiracy theory, then censor
           | everything related.
           | 
           | Think Alex Jones talking about nanobots in the vaccines, well
           | now you can't be taken seriously with any vaccine related
           | discourse or you get lumped in with the nanobots, 5g crowd.
        
             | LordDragonfang wrote:
             | ...Except, Alex Jones is pretty much the opposite of a
             | false flag - if anything, he's one of the duly appointed
             | flag-bearers of that political slant. If you're bringing
             | him up in a discussion about "false flags", it goes to show
             | just how little relation the term has with reality.
        
       | quattrofan wrote:
        
       | aftbit wrote:
       | One thing I've noticed as a result of the pandemic: there are
       | many people who think that Listening to Experts is the same thing
       | as Doing Science. Everyone who has strong feelings about the lab
       | leak hypothesis (in either direction) would do well to remember
       | the Litany of Tarski:                   If SARS-COV-2 escaped
       | from the WIV,         I desire to believe that SARS-COV-2 escaped
       | from the WIV;         If SARS-COV-2 did not escape from the WIV,
       | I desire to believe that SARS-COV-2 did not escape from the WIV;
       | Let me not become attached to beliefs I may not want.
       | 
       | Just because the CDC or some other experts say it didn't happen
       | doesn't mean it didn't. Just because Fox or some other conspiracy
       | theorist says it did happen doesn't mean it did.
        
       | vic_nyc wrote:
       | "Covid cases are rising again. In the UK, they have broken
       | through the 200,000 infections-a-day threshold for the first time
       | since April. " -> where are they getting this data? All data
       | online is showing about 18K cases per day.
        
       | WalterGR wrote:
       | The gang's all here.
        
       | animanoir wrote:
       | Too good to be truth. People will always blame others, even
       | animals, never themselves.
        
       | karmasimida wrote:
       | They claimed they can investigate without Chinese cooperation,
       | then complained in the end that Chinese obfuscation prevented
       | them from getting their conclusion?
        
       | jiggawatts wrote:
       | I initially dismissed the lab leak hypothesis because _surely_
       | nobody would be stupid enough to make new SARS virus strains on
       | purpose. They're worthless as biological weapons, and the risks
       | are insane.
       | 
       | Then it turns out that that is precisely the type of research the
       | Wuhan lab does regularly.
       | 
       | And then when our prime minister merely suggested an
       | investigation, China put punitive tariffs on billions of dollars
       | of our exports to them.
       | 
       | Because clearly, that's how innocent governments with nothing to
       | hide act.
       | 
       | Immediate, massive retaliation for merely suggesting that someone
       | should look into things.
       | 
       | But everybody should believe the Chinese government! They told
       | you: it came from a pangolin in the market. Why would they lie?
       | 
       | They lied about the reason for the punitive tariffs, sure, making
       | up some insane story about centrally orchestrated "dumping".
       | 
       | Okay, so they lied. But not about Wuhan! That would be
       | unethical...
        
         | MilnerRoute wrote:
         | They lied, and it's been documented - but that cuts both ways.
         | They also lied about wild animals being sold at their market.
         | 
         | From Bloomberg:
         | 
         |  _When an international group of experts organized by the World
         | Health Organization traveled to Wuhan, China, earlier this year
         | to research the origins of the coronavirus that sparked the
         | ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, they visited the Baishazhou market,
         | which is larger, but perhaps less well-known (internationally,
         | at least) than the Huanan market, where many people initially
         | believed the virus first jumped from wild animals to humans.
         | 
         | The research team was told only frozen foods, ingredients, and
         | kitchenware were sold there. But a recently released study that
         | had previously languished in publishing limbo showed, thanks to
         | data meticulously collected over 30 months, that at least two
         | vendors there regularly sold live wild animals, Bloomberg
         | reports. Bloomberg also notes that one of the earliest recorded
         | COVID-19 clusters in Wuhan [December 19th] involved a Huanan
         | stall employee who traded goods back and forth between the two
         | markets."
         | 
         | It seems likely to Goldstein that some authorities didn't want
         | the presence of a thriving wildlife trade to become public
         | knowledge. "It seems to me, at a minimum, that local or
         | regional authorities kept that information quiet deliberately.
         | It's incredible to me that people theorize about one type of
         | cover-up," he said, likely referring to the hypothesis that the
         | virus actually leaked from a nearby government-run lab, "but an
         | obvious cover-up is staring them right in the face."_
         | 
         | https://news.yahoo.com/virologist-suggests-coronavirus-origi...
        
         | warning26 wrote:
         | I think the more likely case is Hanlon's Razor -- Chinese
         | government officials figure it _could_ have leaked due to their
         | lax safety standards, and just don't want to look into it for
         | fear of someone conclusively proving this.
        
         | rhino369 wrote:
         | Even if it wasn't the lab leak this time, it seems like an
         | awfully dangerous practice for limited scientific value.
        
         | SkittyDog wrote:
         | > ...because surely nobody would be stupid enough to make new
         | SARS virus strains on purpose. They're worthless as biological
         | weapons, and the risks are insane.
         | 
         | If we wait until the _next_ pandemic hits, we will be months or
         | years behind the curve, trying to understand it and develop
         | treatments. Millions more people will die because we 'll have
         | been caught on our back foot.
         | 
         | Lucky for the human race, viruses are statistically more likely
         | to mutate, over time, in particular ways. So it's possible to
         | make _pretty good_ guesses about where future would mutations
         | might occur. So if we deliberately create those mutants in a
         | laboratory, we can study which strains look particularly
         | virulent and /or dangerous.
         | 
         | Yes, there ARE risks to this strategy, in terms of lab leaks.
         | But the vast majority of virologists and epidemiologists have
         | known for decades that deadly worldwide pandemics of novel
         | Coronaviruses are an inevitably in the 21st century... It's
         | just a matter of time. We will definitely see several more
         | pandemics, at least as damaging as COVID-19, befor the century
         | is out.
         | 
         | So even without a lab leak, we would only save ourselves a
         | couple more years before nature did the job, itself... And it
         | will keep happening, over and over with new Coronaviruses, for
         | the foreseeable future. The human race can do very little to
         | slow it, let alone stop it.
        
       | xadhominemx wrote:
       | It's because there was a series of scientific papers that pointed
       | very strongly to a zoonotic origin:
       | https://mobile.twitter.com/angie_rasmussen/status/1499406148...
        
         | EA_itsinthegame wrote:
         | The Proximal paper was used by Chinese disinformation bots to
         | skelch any debate about a lab leak. I take that as a Streisand
         | effect. Same when Fauci strongly and publically rebuked the
         | Indian bioinformatics pre-print paper talking of the GP-120 HIV
         | inserts. That is how I came to know about those inserts and
         | their interesting history.
         | 
         | So strangely, the grossly unscientific propaganda effort that
         | was the Proximal Origins paper may have had the reverse
         | effects, at least, it had on me.
         | 
         | Anyone contributing to this virology conspiracy (why they were
         | put in charge to lead the investigation and theory building,
         | and not the way more qualified biosecurity experts?), including
         | voluntarily, like Angie Rasmussen, has Chinese propaganda
         | tainted blood on their hands.
        
           | xadhominemx wrote:
           | What's your scientific criticism of the paper?
        
             | fortuna86 wrote:
             | Also, it's not either/or. COVID could have come from
             | nature, captured and studied in a lab, then escaped.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | Indeed. It could also have come from nature and while it
               | was being studied in the lab, a similar strain made a
               | jump to humans.
        
               | xadhominemx wrote:
               | Did you click on the link and read the thread?
        
               | fortuna86 wrote:
               | Yes but in that case, why would it emerge in Wuhan,
               | hundreds of miles away from Southern China, where
               | Coronaviruses actually exist in nature ?
        
               | warning26 wrote:
               | Considering this literally happened before at the Wuhan
               | lab (among a group of sample collectors), this is, I
               | think, the most likely scenario.
        
               | fortuna86 wrote:
               | I agree. What is the previous case you mentioned, do you
               | have a citation ?
        
               | warning26 wrote:
               | Ah, of course! I was thinking of this incident
               | specifically, though it seems I remembered the details
               | wrong; the miners who died seemingly did so _before_ the
               | WIV got involved:
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-
               | pharmaceuticals/...
               | 
               |  _> From 2012 to 2015, WIV researchers identified as many
               | as 293 coronaviruses in and around the mine. (...) The
               | institute in November 2020 disclosed the existence of
               | eight other  "SARS-type" coronavirus samples taken from
               | the site._
        
               | ikrenji wrote:
               | not for wuhan but lab workers got infected with
               | coronaviruses in the past...
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC416634/
        
             | EA_itsinthegame wrote:
             | It makes conclusions it cannot make. It is biased research
             | with a foregone conclusion. It was used as ammo by
             | propaganda campaigns. It abused science in the most gross
             | way, by making speculation sound like scientific consensus,
             | making other scientists afraid to speak out. It uses weasel
             | words. Its researchers had severe compromised integrity.
             | Its researchers are involved in a coverup. And there is
             | more.
             | 
             | But as a piece of propaganda attacking truth and
             | investigation it was a heavy duty piece. I do hope it was
             | motivated by CYA and securing funding, not in cooperation
             | with the Chinese, because if so, it would come close to
             | treason for me (giving material aid to the enemy's effort
             | to destabalize your nation).
             | 
             | Glad that Nature went along with it, so we may gauge how
             | deep the corruption goes.
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | That's not how you do scientific criticism. Your comment
               | is unsubstantiated opinion/accusation.
        
               | mw888 wrote:
               | It's an order of magnitude more information than you or
               | the other commenter provided. Saying: "Wrong, I don't
               | like that." is saying nothing at all. Be specific you
               | fool.
        
               | SiempreViernes wrote:
               | If you know anything about how arguments work, and you
               | actually read the parent to the comment you attack you
               | would see that saying "that's not actually how you do it"
               | is a perfectly fair response.
               | 
               | What EA_itsinthegame posted was a series of disconnected
               | statements that only form a cohesive whole by virtue of
               | the layout rules in a html rendering engine. It's
               | certainly not anything approaching a criticism of the
               | tweet thread as it never even manges to quote from it.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | Would that exclude a mishap during a specimen-gathering field
         | trip?
        
           | xadhominemx wrote:
           | Did you read the thread?
        
       | martythemaniak wrote:
       | Two years and I have yet to read an explanation of what this
       | hypothesis is. Were they careless with a natural virus? Did they
       | modify viruses? Did they release a nature virus on purpose? Did
       | they accidentally release a modified virus? What's modified even
       | mean here, studying random mutation? Engineering things?
       | 
       | It's Schrodinger's Argument. It's all of them and none of them
       | and it always shifts depending on who you're talking to. So I've
       | concluded it's the largest, dumbest motte-and-bailey argument
       | there is.
       | 
       | But at least we can all agree, whatever it is, there's no
       | practical lessons to be taken from it.
        
         | UIUC_06 wrote:
         | > at least we can all agree...
         | 
         | No, we can't all agree. On anything.
         | 
         | Given that the Chinese have shut down investigation, how would
         | you expect anyone to tell you exactly how it happened?
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | The article tries to define it:
         | 
         | > an accident in a laboratory or during a research field trip
         | 
         | Which, yes, is incredibly vague. I give them credit for at
         | least ruling out the "Evil Chinese Scientists intentionally
         | create and release deadly virus!" bullsh*t.
         | 
         | One plausible "lab" scenario: A baggage-hauling laborer caught
         | the proto-COVID-19 virus in a bat-filled cave during a routine
         | "collect samples of germs from bats" expedition, then
         | unknowingly spread it back in Wuhan.
         | 
         | My opinion: For useful-fact-oriented folks, the Lab Hypothesis
         | is mostly a tedious waste of time. For those motivated by hot-
         | button emotions, attention-seeking, etc., the most lurid and
         | cartoonish versions of the Lab Hypothesis are by far the best.
         | If they can conjure such images in the minds of their audience
         | - withOUT having to spell them out, for reality-checkers to
         | attack - then all the better. Hence the remarkable scarcity of
         | Lab Hypothesis explanations.
        
       | ricardobayes wrote:
       | When the first sentence is factually incorrect, it's tough to
       | read on. The UK doesn't have 200k cases a day, it's less than a
       | tenth of that.
        
         | peteradio wrote:
         | Estimated infection != cases.
        
         | letmevoteplease wrote:
         | The figure is based on this study, which currently puts it at
         | 241K cases per day: https://health-study.joinzoe.com/data
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | Their source links to https://health-
           | study.joinzoe.com/post/covid-incidence-uk
           | 
           | Which says:
           | 
           | > According to the latest COVID Symptom Study app figures,
           | there are currently 1,472 daily new cases of COVID in the UK
           | on average over the two weeks up to 04 July 2020 (excluding
           | care homes) [*]. The data suggests no decline from last week
           | (1,445 cases). The latest figures were based on the data from
           | almost 3 million users, 11,639 swab tests done between 21
           | June to 04 July (a full regional breakdown can be found
           | here).
           | 
           | The 241K number is total gibberish. The 7-day average of new
           | cases in the UK topped out at about 214K at the beginning of
           | January, at the top of their Omicron wave, and has been
           | nowhere near that since. It's around 13K right now.
        
             | kgwgk wrote:
             | How is that link relevant? We're not in 2020.
        
           | kgwgk wrote:
           | Is it?
           | 
           | I assume it's based on the official surveys:
           | 
           | https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthan.
           | ..
        
         | kgwgk wrote:
         | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/24/covid-infectio...
         | 
         | "Overall, it is estimated 1.7 million people in private
         | households across the UK had the virus last week - the highest
         | figure since the end of April."
         | 
         | With less than 20k cases per day you would need to accumulate
         | them for 3 months to get 1.7 million cases.
        
       | mathieubordere wrote:
       | A lab specialized in investigating Coronaviruses in the city
       | where the first outbreak was, is at least suspicious imo. The
       | fact that the Chinese authorities weren't exactly helpful (to my
       | knowledge) in debunking the lab-leak hypothesis is extra
       | suspicious. But then again, if they really would have wanted to
       | cover it up, they might have looked for another city to point to
       | as the source of the outbreak, I don't know how feasible that
       | would have been though.
        
         | affgrff wrote:
         | It is a little suspicious, but also not too far fetched: Where
         | would you put a lab researching Coronaviruses? Somewhere near
         | where it exists in the wild.
        
           | water554 wrote:
           | No. It's not where they exist in the wild. The closest
           | related virus (RATG-13) to n-cov-2 come from northern china
           | (Yunnan), where they were imported to the Wuhan virology lab
           | to study. What a coincidence!
        
             | BeefWellington wrote:
             | Firstly, Yunnan is in the southwest of China.
             | 
             | Secondly, other Coronaviruses have appeared in southern
             | China -- notably the original SARS' first known case was in
             | November of 2002 in Guangdong.[1] Wuhan is well-placed
             | (relatively centrally) to do that kind of research.
             | 
             | Thirdly, RaTG13 likely isn't the closest related known
             | virus anymore.[2][3]
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20030411/sars-
             | timeline-of-ou...
             | 
             | [2]: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02596-2
             | 
             | [3]: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/14/science/bat-
             | coronaviruses...
        
               | rory wrote:
               | Quality comment. That person is confused about a couple
               | things, but the main point that Wuhan is 1-2000km from
               | the most likely places to find such a virus in the wild.
               | 
               | It could have been brought to Wuhan in a human, in an
               | animal to eat, in an animal to study, or in a culture. I
               | don't see how newer evidence eliminates any of those
               | possibilities.
        
           | nickff wrote:
           | Well, the level of coincidence also depends on the number of
           | coronavirus research facilities, and the number of cities. If
           | there aren't very many coronavirus research facilities, and
           | there are many cities, it becomes an unlikely coincidence.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | There are obviously some conspiracy theory versions of this but
       | the main origin of a more sane lab leak theory is by exclusion,
       | which is to say that it existed because no other theory had
       | definitive proof.
       | 
       | The most obvious alternative candidate is zoonotic origin. To
       | many this is still the leading theory and it's likely the most
       | plausible. But the smoking gun for zoonotic origin is finding the
       | wildlife population of origin. This hasn't happened yet. Given
       | the attention, that's a little weird but it's not that weird.
       | Sometimes it takes years.
       | 
       | The most plausible form of the lab leak theory is that this was
       | an accidental leak of a strain they had. Even that raises
       | questions. If it's a strain they had, where did it come from? You
       | run into the same issue as zoonotic origin. Could it be the
       | result of gaint of function or similar research that would've
       | modified a wild virus? That's possible too.
       | 
       | The only evidence here is circumstancial. China had, for example,
       | not cooperated with WHO early on in investigations. Any
       | investigations have been limited in their terms of reference.
       | There was a DNA database of coronavirus strains that was taken
       | down in 2019. Kind of weird timing but no tdamning. When I last
       | looked into it this hadn't been examined by third parties. Maybe
       | that's changed now?
       | 
       | So what's happened? Nothing. Because there hasn't been
       | significant movement here on this or any other theory.
        
       | kernal wrote:
       | >We co-authored a book, Viral: The Search for the Origin of
       | Covid-19, on this topic in 2021 and it proved to be an odd
       | experience. Eschewing speculation and sticking to what we could
       | prove, we delved deep into the evidence and wove together the
       | threads that linked bat viruses from southern China or Southeast
       | Asia with an outbreak in Wuhan in late 2019. We concluded that it
       | was impossible to be sure yet, but two theories were plausible:
       | spillover from an animal to a person at a market, or an accident
       | in a laboratory or during a research field trip.
       | 
       | > Our book received praise from readers: we received letters and
       | emails from senior scientists, politicians, businessmen,
       | journalists, and others commending it as a non-fiction whodunnit.
       | 
       | >All that was gratifying. But it stood in marked contrast to the
       | reaction in much of the media. CNN invited us on to discuss the
       | book then cancelled at the last minute -- at the behest of their
       | health editor. The BBC simply ignored the book altogether, as did
       | the other mainstream US and UK networks.
       | 
       | The mainstream media is the enemy
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | What I really want to know is "so what?" I mean, it would be
       | great to learn _about_ the origin and then take steps to reduce
       | the chance of the same thing happening in the future.
       | 
       | But it appears most people just want to point the finger and that
       | no change would result.
       | 
       | In fact one could imagine potential improvements for either case,
       | some of which might be worth doing regardless of the actual
       | origin.
        
         | rory wrote:
         | The change is that western countries could put a halt on
         | transferring incredibly dangerous technology to mainland China,
         | since they have developed a track record of carelessness and
         | coverups.
         | 
         | (Wish I didn't have to say this, but this is not a racial
         | comment-- BSL-3 and BSL-4 labs in the US are filled with
         | ethnically Chinese people and have much stronger safety
         | records.)
        
       | Cupertino95014 wrote:
       | > Reviews were mostly bad -- in both senses of the word. That is
       | to say, they were highly critical and inaccurate. In some cases,
       | the authors said things that made clear they had not read the
       | book but had made up their minds to dislike it. Not one but two
       | virologists told us on Twitter that the book was full of lies --
       | and that they had not read it. An odd thing for anybody to admit
       | to, especially a scientist.
       | 
       | If you call yourself a "scientist" you have an ethical duty to
       | follow the evidence wherever it leads. Perhaps not in the formal
       | sense of a doctor's Hippocratic oath, but in the tradition of
       | Galileo and Copernicus.
        
       | Terry_Roll wrote:
       | > But what has disappeared is any real or urgent interest from
       | the media and the scientific establishment in finding out how it
       | started.
       | 
       | It is the biological weapon that cant be proved it is a
       | biological weapon.
        
       | affgrff wrote:
       | There is an episode of Lex Fridman's Podcast with Jamie Metzl on
       | the topic: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=K78jqx9fx2I Metzl is
       | highly confident of a lab-leak. However, lab-leak doesn't require
       | that the virus has been tampered with and I somewhat agree that
       | is important to know if the virus escaped due to inadequate lab
       | safety.
        
         | fortuna86 wrote:
         | Exactly. People yelling "censorship" forget that the lab leak
         | theory was mostly about how COVID was engineered as a
         | bioweapon, which still remains a conspiracy.
        
           | initplus wrote:
           | On the other hand, existence of this conspiracy has been used
           | to shut down perfectly reasonable discussion around a less
           | outlandish lab leak for months.
           | 
           | Even in this post opponents of the lab leak theory are still
           | bringing up this bioweapons conspiracy - but I can't see a
           | single lab leak proponent suggesting it's an engineered
           | bioweapon.
           | 
           | The issue is the existence of this outlandish fringe theory
           | was used to censor all reasonable discussion on the lab leak.
        
       | pb9494 wrote:
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | The unfortunate fact is that the only plausible consequence of a
       | public acceptance (by government officials) of the lab-leak
       | hypothesis, is that funding for research into viruses would get a
       | lot more restrictive. Maybe not less funding, but it would go to
       | far fewer labs, which have the highest levels of containment.
       | 
       | The profession which knows enough to settle this question, thus
       | has a massive conflict of interest. We cannot expect bankers to
       | say that the response to the GFC should be to break up banks. We
       | cannot expect generals after a war to say that they screwed up.
       | We cannot expect intelligence agencies to say that they should
       | have less power and more oversight. Scientists are human, they
       | want to keep their job and not have to move to another city to do
       | it.
       | 
       | What is actually going to happen, is nothing, until and unless a
       | second lab leak kills a lot of people.
        
       | tehjoker wrote:
       | It's amazing that ppl still consider China a "bad actor" when
       | they fairly promptly (a little delay but still months of lead
       | time) warned the world and completely stopped the virus within
       | their borders to this very day. The bad actors are the western
       | governments with millions of dead on their hands trying to point
       | the finger anywhere else.
        
         | jaywalk wrote:
         | If your post was meant as sarcasm, you should probably call
         | that out.
         | 
         | If it wasn't... wow.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | bparsons wrote:
       | I am surprised at how little publicity Jeffrey Sachs comments on
       | this issue has garnered.
       | 
       | There is a good interview here:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZa5k87ByOk
        
       | spamizbad wrote:
       | I will just say this:
       | 
       | Interest in developing and deploying nuclear power dramatically
       | declined after Three Mile Island and the Chernobyl incidents.
       | This lead to an increased reliance on carbon-based energy sources
       | like Coal and Natural Gas, likely killing hundreds of thousands
       | over the years.
       | 
       | I think skittish virologists rightly concluded that a lab-leak
       | mea culpa would have a similar effect on virology and perhaps
       | broader medical research. The author disagrees, but history has
       | shown us what happens.
       | 
       | If Three Mile Island and Chernobyl had been covered up and left
       | to conspiracies the earth would be several degrees cooler right
       | now.
        
         | sto_hristo wrote:
         | Total nonsense. Chernobyl was covered up by the most brutal and
         | inhumane regime ever. It's this exact cover up and lack of
         | responsibility that disgusted a lot people and lead to the
         | hatred and fear nuclear energy is drowning in.
         | 
         | There will always be cavemen that will fear what's beyond the
         | cave exit, but they are powerless, albeit vocal, and are not
         | responsible for the stagnation of nuclear research.
        
         | UIUC_06 wrote:
         | Excuse me, but scientists are not public policy makers. Their
         | job is to follow the evidence, not publish based on what they
         | think will happen if they do.
        
           | spamizbad wrote:
           | Scientists are members of society too. They are not
           | automatons.
        
             | oyashirochama wrote:
             | And typically scientists are part of the portion of
             | commettes that are unelected that help determine policy
             | designs in the US.
        
             | UIUC_06 wrote:
             | They have one job. It's called "science." They go to school
             | for that.
             | 
             | Other people, including the voting public, have the job of
             | determining policy based on what they find.
        
             | voakbasda wrote:
             | If scientists do not publish their unbiased results and
             | instead bend their results to fit personal or public
             | expectation, their credentials should be revoked in the
             | name of science itself. There is no greater crime against
             | humanity that to conceal or compromise scientific truth.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | Let us know when you have an "unambiguous truth detector"
               | so we can start to revoke credentials. In the meantime,
               | let's understand that scientists frequently allow their
               | personal biases to leak into their papers.
        
               | voakbasda wrote:
               | I'm not talking about absolute truth. I am pointing my
               | finger at those "scientists" that falsify or cherry-pick
               | data sets, do not publish results that contradict their
               | organization's agenda, and similarly commit flagrant acts
               | of dishonesty.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | Ah, well, the best you can do is read RetractionWatch and
               | see that a subset of those scientists have been
               | identified, and fired.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jahewson wrote:
           | If they follow this particular line of evidence (which
           | requires them excepting their own gross negligence) then not
           | only would they be out of a job but may find themselves in
           | jail.
           | 
           | "It is difficult to get a man to understand something when
           | his salary depends upon his not understanding it." - Upton
           | Sinclair
        
       | fguerraz wrote:
       | It's not that the origin story is not important, it's not that
       | people don't care, it's that it is a distraction.
       | 
       | It doesn't help solve the crisis.
       | 
       | The article makes the comparison with a nuclear bomb. This is a
       | bad comparison. If we were attacked by a sentient creature, we
       | could reason with it and mitigate further damage or escalation.
       | 
       | In the case of a virus, it's good to know to prevent future
       | pandemics maybe, and there is an academic interests, but it
       | doesn't help with the current situation.
        
         | 127 wrote:
         | Hiding the cause also prevents anyone from fixing the cause.
        
         | specialp wrote:
         | Finding the root cause of an unprecedented disaster might not
         | reverse the history of that disaster, but it would help prevent
         | future similar disasters. Now we are clearly aware of the
         | costs. It isn't a distraction to look into the cause of a
         | disaster as we are able as a society to work on many different
         | problems at the same time.
         | 
         | It does help with our current situation of being very
         | vulnerable to highly contagious respiratory diseases. COVID is
         | probably never going away. To have another one join if this
         | could have been prevented would be far worse for us.
        
         | phatboyslim wrote:
         | The origin story is paramount to preventing future outbreaks
         | and to the loss of, and disruption to, our way of life. The US
         | took the same position on combating terrorism when it rooted
         | out Al-Qaeda. To stop future loss of life, the root cause needs
         | to be identified and dealt with. I vehemently disagree with the
         | assessment that the origin is not instrumental to the defense
         | of future outbreaks.
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | No it is not, because it is undisputed that viruses can
           | evolve to infect humans.
           | 
           | If we had 100% solid proof SARS-COV-2 originated in a lab, it
           | would not change our approach to detecting or mitigating
           | future outbreaks. We _always_ have to prepare for either.
           | 
           | It's not like it never occurred to anyone before that
           | dangerous infectious agents could escape a lab. It was a
           | well-known possibility and was incorporated into U.S. federal
           | pandemic preparedness planning since at least the George W
           | Bush administration.
           | 
           | An accidental leak from a lab must still be detected, and
           | once detected, public health measures initiated. The
           | procedures are the same as for a natural origin.
           | 
           | The fundamental lesson from COVID-19 is that we cannot let
           | our guard down. The Trump administration did in many ways,
           | and so were not able to detect or respond fast enough.
        
             | eric_cc wrote:
             | > The Trump administration
             | 
             | It was Trump's fault!! /s
             | 
             | So what you're saying is we should be more concerned with
             | defense and accept that viruses will be engineered. I don't
             | disagree with this line of thinking but I also believe we
             | must be on the offensive too. We can't just accept that
             | labs will build viruses.
        
           | arrosenberg wrote:
           | It seems like you are using the US War on Terror as a good
           | example? It didn't stop the loss of life, it just changed the
           | arena. Orders of magnitudes more people died as a result of
           | that than from the attack that spawned it.
        
         | notacoward wrote:
         | > It doesn't help solve the crisis.
         | 
         | It doesn't help solve the crisis _and_ it doesn 't change
         | attitudes toward gain-of-function research. The pandemic
         | itself, regardless of origin, highlighted the possible
         | consequences. Even without a connection to research - and even
         | more so with the mere possibility - it heightened concern about
         | lab safety, and made the risk/reward calculations around GoF
         | research even less favorable than they already had been. The
         | community of people capable of performing or funding such
         | research was already on top of it - again, regardless of
         | origin. Public finger-pointing is only likely to rile up
         | nationalist sentiments which would _interfere_ with
         | establishing better procedures and protocols governing
         | virological research.
         | 
         | The lawyers and diplomats have some work to do, but (especially
         | in light of today's news) I suggest that the rest of us
         | including the media have some higher priorities for how to
         | spend our time/energy.
        
         | robbomacrae wrote:
         | I think this is correct. I also think the point being made is
         | that we SHOULD spend more time learning lessons and applying
         | them to try and prevent some of the future pandemics. Imagine
         | if we can prevent just one out of the next 10 pandemics through
         | investment here. That would be millions of lives saved!
         | 
         | Part of the problem with the covid pandemic is how much we let
         | our guard down. For example, the Global Health Security and
         | Biodefense unit -- responsible for pandemic preparedness -- was
         | established in 2015 by Barack Obama's National Security
         | Advisor, Susan Rice [0].
         | 
         | This was then disbanded under Trump and its head Timothy
         | Ziemer, top White House official in the NSC for leading U.S.
         | response against a pandemic, left the administration [1].
         | 
         | Jon Oliver has a good segment on why we need to focus on
         | preventing future pandemics [2].
         | 
         | [0]: https://time.com/5806558/administration-officials-fight-
         | crit...
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-
         | health/wp/2018/0...
         | 
         | [2]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_v-U3K1sw9U
        
         | bredren wrote:
         | If this is true, it seems like science trying to have it both
         | ways.
         | 
         | Usually, there's desire for media to share scientific evidence
         | in ways that are engaging to the public to recognize our best
         | scientific conclusions.
         | 
         | What I'm taking from your portrayal is scientists know best
         | what ~"helps the current situation."
         | 
         | Despite the origin being important, and that the public wants
         | to know about it science doesn't want evidence on this matter
         | and doesn't want it covered by the media or for it to influence
         | the thinking of the public.
         | 
         | These seem like political behaviors, not scientific ones.
        
         | eric_cc wrote:
         | > it is a distraction. It doesn't help solve the crisis.
         | 
         | This is extremely naive. Do you really believe it won't happen
         | all over again?
         | 
         | The real crisis is not Covid. It's how easy something even
         | worse than Covid could be started today.
        
       | rob_c wrote:
       | But don't worry the 'scientific hive mind of the internet' will
       | now come to correct this, except it's no longer a pointlessly
       | political topic. It's fairly set in stone the blame lies with the
       | chinese state.
       | 
       | Also it's extremely unlikely to kill you if you're under 50 to
       | the point of being not a statistically significant cause of death
       | (unlike guns). But we still need to acrew so much national debt
       | that we might as well have put humans in a space colony as a
       | species...
        
       | mountainriver wrote:
       | We need some sort of international protocol on how to do gain of
       | function research. Something like putting these labs in remote
       | places with strict quarantine protocols. This whole business of
       | doing stuff like this in city centers is absolutely insane
        
       | juanani wrote:
        
       | stillbourne wrote:
       | I was full of holes.
        
       | status200 wrote:
       | I have tried to get a biologist / someone with more scientific
       | knowledge than me to either help peer review, confirm or debunk
       | this paper by Steven Quay:
       | 
       | https://zenodo.org/record/4642956
       | 
       | It seems so scientific and created a buzz when it came out, it
       | has been the most thorough explanation of the lab leak theory,
       | but I never saw a decent discussion that either helped confirm or
       | debunk the ideas within.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | I think it's kind of rubbish but 140 pages long and most
         | serious scientist have better things to do than going through
         | all that.
         | 
         | But at a glance he seems to be using bayesian analysis in a not
         | very valid way.
        
       | stjohnswarts wrote:
       | It's on the trash heap of nutter conspiracy theories that didn't
       | pan out.
        
       | daxfohl wrote:
       | We're in a post-truth society. Whether something is true or not
       | is irrelevant.
        
       | dekhn wrote:
       | With the lack of any really strong unequivocal data supporting
       | any real hypothesis, I think people got tired of arguing about it
       | and recognized that throwing around huge claims with massive
       | implications was probably irresponsible.
        
         | bitshiftfaced wrote:
         | If a claim has massive implications, then it would be even more
         | irresponsible to not recognize that possibility. The world
         | can't learn from the past if we're not able to even consider
         | what might have happened in the past.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | That won't stop a number of them from trying to warm it up
         | again every now and then.
        
       | alkjl4l4tl wrote:
        
       | synergy20 wrote:
       | Based on what China's reaction to the source-chasing-efforts, I
       | have no doubt it is where this is originated.
       | 
       | Wuhan is a huge city with the only lab on earth that works with
       | SARS, virus-leak is not uncommon in China over the
       | years(including SARS-1 that was leaked a few times but was
       | contained quickly), after COVID China issued lots of new policies
       | including stricter lab management, and new leadership from
       | military to be in charge of Wuhan lab, and hide the initial
       | samples of COVID, and started a diplomatic propaganda to paint
       | USA as the virus maker.
        
         | bayesian_horse wrote:
         | Lack of transparency in China proves nothing. CYA is standard
         | operating procedure there, regardless if there is any guilt or
         | not. Up and down the chain they will cover for each other, if
         | not for the simple reason they themselves don't know what shit
         | their superiors or underlings are up to...
         | 
         | And it is entirely rational, even when they believe that there
         | hasn't been a lab leak, to shut down any investigations into
         | it, because all such work or information would just add fuel to
         | the fire, regardless the "objective" outcome.
        
       | duxup wrote:
       | > But what has disappeared is any real or urgent interest from
       | the media
       | 
       | How do we determine this? Isn't that just normal?
       | 
       | So many stories are just unseen until someone can prove
       | something. If they haven't been able to then there you go, it's
       | not much of a story.
       | 
       | Yeah there's lots of speculation in the media but it comes and
       | goes and no surprise that something so far unproven faded from
       | view.
        
       | Tycho wrote:
       | "What happened to it" - as far as I can tell it has passed into
       | common acknowledgement.
        
       | throwawaymaths wrote:
       | The lab-leak hypothesis is meta-scientific. When it was first
       | tossed around, the lab leak hypothesis generated two predictions:
       | 
       | 1. We would find evidence that someone was doing experiments on
       | furin cleavage sites in coronaviruses.
       | 
       | 2. We would find that the furin cleavage site matched a known
       | sequence.
       | 
       | We did not find 2, which should have been easy to find.
       | Eventually, we found 1, since a rejected DARPA grant proposal
       | affiliated with the lab in Wuhan emerged.
       | 
       | Then, we found 2!! with a plausible explanation of why no one had
       | found it earlier -- you had to turn on "patented sequence search"
       | on NCBI blast, which is turned off by default. An easy mistake to
       | make. As a professional biochemist for a decade I had no idea
       | that blast had a patent sequence search, much less that it was
       | turned off by default (which, btw is a sensible setting).
       | 
       | The scientific method says given a model it should make
       | independent predictions (ideally unlikely) which are later
       | verified. The evidence for a lab leak should be considered
       | relatively strong.
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | Someone should contact the patent holder and let them know
         | they're being infringed upon. ;)
        
           | throwawaymaths wrote:
           | That would be, ironically, moderna. Will the patent court
           | award them negative damages?
           | 
           | On a more serious note, to stave off conspiratorial thinking,
           | it should be "not crazy" that a moderna furin sequence
           | appear. If I told a biochemist to go and insert a furin
           | cleavage site into a virus, that grad student would do an
           | NCBI blast search and get a list of all sequences. Maybe they
           | are more knowledgeable than me and _did_ know that patent
           | search was enabled (or maybe they were used to ripping off
           | parents :| -- I 'm anti-patent myself so this is not an
           | indictment of the general process). Then that library of say
           | a few hundred sequences is applied. Then the grad student,
           | say, drops the 96-well plate with the virus samples, and gets
           | infected -- It should not be surprising that the moderna
           | sequence is the winner in the competition amongst the viruses
           | in that grad students body because moderna has engineered
           | that site to be a _very_ effective site, and we know that
           | having the furin cleavage site is correlated to virulence, so
           | "natural selection" kicks in.
        
             | EA_itsinthegame wrote:
             | Is the founder of Moderna meta-scientific for claiming that
             | COVID leaked from a laboratory? Or would that be too
             | ironic?
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | > On a more serious note, to stave off conspiratorial
             | thinking, it should be "not crazy" that a moderna furin
             | sequence appear. If I told a biochemist to go and insert a
             | furin cleavage site into a virus, that grad student would
             | do an NCBI blast search and get a list of all sequences.
             | 
             | The weird part is, prior to 2020, a BLAST search _only_
             | results in Moderna patents. There wasn 't anything there
             | for them to copy from.
             | 
             | https://arkmedic.substack.com/p/how-to-blast-your-way-to-
             | the...
        
               | throwawaymaths wrote:
               | I presume moderna had a small army of DNA synthesizing
               | robots to cover and optimize the shit out of that
               | sequence from whole cloth.
        
         | antiverse wrote:
         | Back up a bit. What the fuck is "meta-scientific"?
        
           | __alexs wrote:
           | It's a polite way of saying that it was nonsense.
        
             | rwmj wrote:
             | But the comment seems to go on to say it's not nonsense.
        
           | decebalus1 wrote:
           | It means pseudo-scientific bullshit
        
             | nopenopenopeno wrote:
             | It's literally a hypothesis. It's in the name.
        
           | throwawaymaths wrote:
           | I'm using it to refer to applying the scientific method to
           | the process of science itself.
        
             | EA_itsinthegame wrote:
             | You are intellectually and scientifically dishonest by
             | presenting the lab leak like this.
             | 
             | Take your own theory and argument for it. You could only
             | stare at a honest list of for and against regarding the lab
             | leak, and conclude that lab leak is meta-scientific.
             | 
             | When you call for evidence, remember the information
             | blackouts and destruction of samples ordered by the
             | Chinese. Chinese citizens and scientists were dissapeared
             | for following the science and doing proper journalism. To
             | conclude their legacy as meta-scientific is ugly. That is
             | not my science, but maybe that is your job here...
        
               | droopyEyelids wrote:
               | Are you replying to the right comment string?
               | 
               | Metascientific means a scientific investigation into the
               | practice of science. There is no value judgement there,
               | it's a description of how the investigation is being
               | conducted.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | Your comments have been breaking the site guidelines. We
               | ban accounts that do that. Could you please review
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and
               | stick to the rules when posting here? That means no name-
               | calling, no personal attacks, and generally avoiding the
               | flamewar style.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | That seemed to be an unnecessary label in the context of
             | your post, especially since it's also just a normal
             | scientific hypothesis.
        
           | hbarka wrote:
           | It's like metadata. If metadata is data about data, metasci
           | is science about science.
        
             | jessaustin wrote:
             | It could be that "Meta" the company is nothing about
             | nothing?
        
         | kolanos wrote:
         | From June 9:
         | 
         | > Over two years after the coronavirus was first detected in
         | China, and after at least 6.3 million deaths have been counted
         | worldwide from the pandemic, the World Health Organization is
         | recommending in its strongest terms yet that a deeper probe is
         | required into whether a lab accident may be to blame.
         | 
         | > That stance marks a sharp reversal of the U.N. health
         | agency's initial assessment of the pandemic's origins, and
         | comes after many critics accused WHO of being too quick to
         | dismiss or underplay a lab-leak theory that put Chinese
         | officials on the defensive.
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.wivb.com/news/world/who-covid-origins-unclear-
         | bu...
        
         | flobosg wrote:
         | You can BLAST that furin cleavage sequence and find matches in
         | other non-patented sequences, though. Here's one from 2011
         | (bases 286 to 304, reverse complement):
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/DN616748.1
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | >> The lab-leak hypothesis is meta-scientific. When it was
         | first tossed around, the lab leak hypothesis generated two
         | predictions:
         | 
         | When and where were those two predictions published? Can you
         | give a link?
        
         | fabian2k wrote:
         | I don't find any arguments around the furin cleavage site
         | convincing. This kind of cleavage site is pretty small and the
         | number of variations that have good efficiency is limited. The
         | presence of a specific furin cleavage site is not clear
         | evidence of genetic manipulation.
        
           | throwawaymaths wrote:
           | Evidence comes with context. We're asserting that something
           | like this would be found. Then we found it! After not finding
           | it initially, even. The inability to find it initially should
           | tell you something about the general evolutionary drift
           | around these sites to begin with.
        
         | ttpphd wrote:
         | Sorry but the post above is unscientific sophistry. Science is
         | about weighing competing theories by examining the relative
         | strength of evidence. The evidence is strongly in favor of
         | zoonotic origin. What's posted here is an exercise in
         | confirmation bias, not rigorous scientific thinking.
        
           | secondcoming wrote:
           | Aren't you assuming that you're being shown all the evidence?
        
             | ttpphd wrote:
             | I'm very clearly and obviously doing the exact opposite
        
           | throwawaymaths wrote:
           | Given that I used to believe the zoonotic hypothesis the
           | assertion of confirmation bias is a bit surprising to me.
        
             | ttpphd wrote:
             | The comment this is a reply to is what's known as rhetoric.
             | The goal of rhetoric is to persuade the audience in the
             | absence of logic or evidence.
             | 
             | The comment is offering "testimony of conversion" which is
             | not scientific.
        
         | bandyaboot wrote:
         | I haven't been fixated on this by any means but I remember
         | reading an article months back that looked at the timeline and
         | locations of the early cases and compared them against the
         | locations of the market and the research facility. I came away
         | thinking that the animal market hypothesis seemed much more
         | likely than the lab leak.
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | Yep - there are a ton of such points of evidence. The strict
           | "lab leak" proponents have essentially made an unfalsifiable
           | hypothesis akin to the intelligent design people's "God of
           | the Gaps" where each time there's new research that disproves
           | a core assumption, that just means the conspiracy goes
           | deeper.
           | 
           | I linked it above, but aside from the fact that every other
           | pandemic we've seen came about the same way, there's a ton of
           | specific evidence from this pandemic:
           | 
           | https://protagonistfuture.substack.com/p/natures-
           | neglected-g...
           | 
           | Including the timeline/locations of the earliest cases:
           | 
           | https://zenodo.org/record/6299600#.YjSWqDUxmUk
           | 
           | One thing the lab leak crew haven't been able to answer is
           | how there could possibly be two different lineages at the
           | market -- which you'd 100% expect from multiple spillover but
           | is essentially impossible if your working theory is that an
           | infected lab worker brought it to the market.
        
             | secondcoming wrote:
             | Brought what to the market? Themselves or animals from a
             | lab?
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | > _Infected_ worker
               | 
               | To be honest, I hadn't even encountered the idea that lab
               | employees were what, selling infected animals at the
               | market? Is this a real thing people are arguing? Who even
               | comes up with this stuff.
        
               | secondcoming wrote:
               | It doesn't necessarily need to be a lab employee, it
               | could be someone reponsible for disposing of dead animals
               | choosing to make a quick buck
        
               | coupdejarnac wrote:
               | That's been my pet hypothesis for a few years, but I
               | wouldn't argue for it. I just base it on some of the
               | disgusting, unethical things I saw while living in China.
        
           | throwawaymaths wrote:
           | There is also allegedly a Wuhan CDC facility meters away from
           | the market where disposal of lab animals happened (I cannot
           | confirm this myself), so if that's true, that's certainly
           | another possibility.
        
         | gmiller123456 wrote:
         | Rather than just saying "we found..." and expecting people to
         | take it at that, provide sources. If I went and looked up
         | everything anyone claimed, that's all I'd ever do.
        
         | nopenopenopeno wrote:
        
         | TameAntelope wrote:
         | We did not "find" 1 from any rejected DARPA grant proposal,
         | that's nonsense and completely unsupported by the actual grant
         | proposal. You _cannot_ presume one leads to the other, that 'd
         | be like trying to cite a patent on a perpetual motion machine
         | as conclusive proof perpetual motion machines exist.
         | 
         | I would argue that continuing to state what you have here
         | qualifies as disinformation, and think HN should remove it
         | immediately, lest HN become yet another breeding ground of this
         | kind of anti-intellectual memetic drivel.
        
         | edvards wrote:
         | Can you tell more about 1 and 2, maybe with some sources added?
         | this is pretty big
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | 2: https://arkmedic.substack.com/p/how-to-blast-your-way-to-
           | the...
           | 
           | Search for "moderna" then scroll up a bit.
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | "Using BLAST is easy". Yes, it's very easy to use BLAST to
             | convince yourself of something that is not correct. It's a
             | power tool being used by idiots most of the time, no wonder
             | fingers get cut off.
        
               | throwawaymaths wrote:
               | Before implying it's not correct, do the math yourself.
               | Calculate the relative drift among natural sequences and
               | see if the moderna sequence is an outlier. How many
               | single point mutations would it take to get from a known
               | sequence to the moderna one.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | Do what math now? I spent 10 years as an academic doing
               | bioinformatics, with deep expertise in BLAST (I helped
               | demonstrate that BLAST E-values accurately represent
               | homology).
               | 
               | If you look, he shows some pages with resuults where the
               | E-value is 282. Normally, an evalue should be 1e-2 or
               | better (ideally 1e-6) before you start making ANY claims.
               | 
               | I've seen hundreds of examples where a person did the
               | math, convinced everybody they were right, and either
               | subtle errors or mistaken assumptions meant the work was
               | useless. These days, if somebody starts with "Here, I'll
               | show you how to use blast to demonstrate that the lab
               | leak hypothesis is true", my priors say "most likely just
               | garbage".
        
               | throwawaymaths wrote:
               | But this is not a homology exercise with natural
               | selection. I can show you where I did a blast search,
               | panned for "select amino acid substitutions of interest"
               | and from the library out popped out a more efficient
               | enzyme.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | Sure, show us.
        
               | flobosg wrote:
               | The amount of people that use BLAST every day and cannot
               | define E-values (despite being explained in its FAQ! [1])
               | is baffling.
               | 
               | [1]: https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?CMD=Web&PAG
               | E_TYPE=B...
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | Yep! In my work we had a golden labelled set of known-
               | homologous proteins, as well as sets of unknown-
               | relationship and known-not-to-be-homologous (based on
               | superfamily). We blasted all-vs-all and after dealing
               | with a number of BLAST issues finally demonstrated that
               | the searches produce false positives at the expected
               | rates. I gained a lot of respect for the folks who
               | implemented the statistical framework behind blast
               | E-values.
               | 
               | I had another advisor who thought they were good at
               | homology, so they'd take protein matches with an E-value
               | of 10 (almost certainly random chance) and munge the data
               | to make up a story. Most of my work was about using very
               | stringent blast searches to make profiles, but all that
               | work is superseded by HMMER now.
        
             | Zeratoss wrote:
             | Please dont spread misinformation.
             | 
             | The HIV paper has been withdrawn and was total bunk.
             | 
             | See comments on the paper:
             | 
             | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.927871v1
             | ?...
        
         | NationalPark wrote:
         | Can you link some sources here? Call me skeptical, but if the
         | evidence is as convincing as you make it sound, then it implies
         | a pretty widespread conspiracy among experts (of many countries
         | and affiliations) who would understand the implications yet are
         | deliberately mis-communicating via their podcasts, news
         | appearances, papers in famous journals, etc. Are there any
         | papers published on this or is it just in the book that the
         | authors of this article are selling? I'm not sure if I'm
         | confusing this author with a Matt Ridley who seems to be an
         | eccentric but minor British noble who writes about fringe
         | climate change ideas?
         | 
         | Edit: Ok I figured out the source of the claims, it's the Alina
         | Chen (I didn't realize she was co author) stuff. And it is
         | indeed the Viscount Matt Ridley himself!
        
           | throwawaymaths wrote:
           | You can find the primary source for the DARPA leak on hn; if
           | you care to verify that the sequence comes from a patent
           | yourself directly from primary sources, you can find
           | instructions on how to do that on hn too. I've done the
           | search myself, it's real.
           | 
           | I can't provide direct sources for the fact that these
           | predictions preceded the discoveries, but I can tell you they
           | ran through my head, and others I talked to, and the lack of
           | a sequence match bothered me. If you want to get meta-meta-
           | scientific I would not be surprised if there was at least a
           | blog post by someone out there saying "if it was a lab leak,
           | where's the sequence match?" Out there that preceded the
           | sleuth who found it hidden in plain site (behind an NCBI
           | search option)
           | 
           | Edit: I have not read the ridley/chen book, I know most of
           | the stuff from when they were emergent reports by reading
           | this site and applying my intuition as a former biochemist
           | (and some of my actively working biochemist friends) ti judge
           | relative merits of hypotheses.
        
             | etcet wrote:
             | If you've done it could you link to or provide instructions
             | on how we may reproduce your findings rather than just
             | saying "the truth is out there"?
        
               | throwawaymaths wrote:
               | Yeah, sorry, here it is:
               | 
               | https://arkmedic.substack.com/p/how-to-blast-your-way-to-
               | the...
        
             | Bromeo wrote:
             | I assume the DARPA leak is this thread:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28644428
             | 
             | ~700pts, ~450 comments, with the source published 23.
             | September 2021.
        
               | adamrezich wrote:
               | man I forgot all about this. so much has happened in the
               | past couple years it's been impossible to keep it all
               | straight.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | 2020 and 2021 were each at least five years long.
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | Fortunately, 2022 has been pretty quiet and uneventful.
        
           | macondo wrote:
        
           | sumy23 wrote:
           | This article from Vanity Fair does a good job collection the
           | circumstantial evidence surrounding the lab leak theory:
           | https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/03/the-virus-hunting-
           | no...
           | 
           | The tl;dr is that there is a group called EcoHealth Alliance
           | that was working with the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV)
           | making novel coronaviruses by modifying the furin cleavage
           | site of coronaviruses taken from bats. The WIV (along with
           | EcoHealth Alliance and also potentially the Chinese military)
           | was also making chimeric viruses from the viruses responsible
           | for SARS and MERS. They were then using these viruses to
           | infect "humanized" mice (mice with human lung tissue). The
           | head of EcoHealth Alliance, Peter Daszak, was one of the
           | first to denounce the possibility of a lab leak (without
           | disclosing the work he was doing at WIV of course). Daszak
           | was later kicked off the Lancet's COVID-19 commission because
           | he refused to share old progress reports on the work he was
           | funding at WIV.
           | 
           | All of this evidence is circumstantial, but it's really a bit
           | suspicious that this outbreak started just a few kilometers
           | where this exact type of virus was being created.
        
             | encoderer wrote:
             | Thank you for the write up. I'll add a funny line from Jon
             | Stewart: if an outbreak of chocolate goodness happens
             | outside Hershey, Pennsylvania you don't need to search for
             | the bat that ate the cocoa bean. It's the factory, stupid.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | letmevoteplease wrote:
           | "We do know that the insertion of such FCS sequences into
           | SARS-like viruses was a specific goal of work proposed by the
           | EHA-WIV-UNC partnership within a 2018 grant proposal
           | ("DEFUSE") that was submitted to the US Defense Advanced
           | Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (25). The 2018 proposal to
           | DARPA was not funded, but we do not know whether some of the
           | proposed work was subsequently carried out in 2018 or 2019,
           | perhaps using another source of funding.
           | 
           | "We also know that that this research team would be familiar
           | with several previous experiments involving the successful
           | insertion of an FCS sequence into SARS-CoV-1 (26) and other
           | coronaviruses, and they had a lot of experience in
           | construction of chimeric SARS-like viruses (27-29). In
           | addition, the research team would also have some familiarity
           | with the FCS sequence and the FCS-dependent activation
           | mechanism of human ENaC a (19), which was extensively
           | characterized at UNC (17, 18). For a research team assessing
           | the pandemic potential of SARS-related coronaviruses, the FCS
           | of human ENaC--an FCS known to be efficiently cleaved by host
           | furin present in the target location (epithelial cells) of an
           | important target organ (lung), of the target organism
           | (human)--might be a rational, if not obvious, choice of FCS
           | to introduce into a virus to alter its infectivity, in line
           | with other work performed previously."
           | 
           | https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2202769119
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | A loose conspiracy of a bunch of social media
           | scientists/journalists? Wouldn't the overall size and
           | diversity of the field mean that there would be at least a
           | few dissenters presenting more factual alternatives?
           | 
           | You should just read the book. It's not very convincing. The
           | most likely explanation for the lack of interest in
           | identifying the origins is primarly a lack of data.
           | Speculating about conspiracies does not help the discussion,
           | either.
        
             | sieabahlpark wrote:
        
             | aksss wrote:
             | > at least a few dissenters presenting more factual
             | alternatives?
             | 
             | Are there not?
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | There are dissenters, but it's definitely unclear their
               | claims are more factual.
               | 
               | My point is that it's really impossible to run a loosely
               | organized large-scale conspiracy. There are too many ways
               | for the conspiracy to fall apart.
        
             | throwawaymaths wrote:
             | That's, like, just your opinion, man.
             | 
             | Meanwhile the natural sources hypothesis has made one
             | prediction not found yet (animal zero) and the lab leak has
             | made two. Unfortunately, judgements about this are made
             | difficult because "relative believability" is inherently
             | subjective, so we can endlessly argue about the relative
             | merits of competing hypotheses it is while the biggest
             | suspect is under suspicion of having destroyed key data --
             | because they did suppress information in the early stages
             | (and are refusing credible audits now). Meanwhile, entropy
             | is happening making further revelations from bioinformatics
             | progressively unlikely. Shrug.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | khazhoux wrote:
       | Jon Stewart's classic lab-leak rant on Colbert's show:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSfejgwbDQ8&t=178s
        
         | BiteCode_dev wrote:
         | I dig it because it's like a summary of half of the Marvel
         | movies, where the protagonists spend the entire adventure
         | solving a problem they caused themselves.
         | 
         | Like, without the Thanos thingy, iron man is not a bloody hero,
         | he is a villain. He is responsible for so much death and
         | destruction it's not even funny. Black Mamba, killer. Black
         | panther ? Maintains in place a political system that clearly
         | allows any psychopath to access absolute power. Hulk, a time
         | bomb. Thor ? He let his genocidal brother of the hook as soon
         | as he is nice for 2 minutes. Spiderman ? Give an deadly bot
         | swarm to the first father figure that smiles at him. Dr Strange
         | ? Accept the request to GHB the planet and almost destroys it
         | because a kid ask for it for 30 seconds.
         | 
         | It's a well known trope in sups stories, but for some reasons a
         | lot of viewers really believes they are heroes. Even as a kid I
         | though Batman was stupid for spending times fighting one
         | criminal at a time with all his money.
         | 
         | Now, we are seeing a lot of this in today's IRL world.
         | 
         | Progress is saving you by giving you drugs for all the diseases
         | it increases: diabetes, cancer, obesity, hormonal dysfunctions,
         | etc. It's giving you a car so that you can you can go work in a
         | remote place you would never have to work to without progress.
         | It gives you software to organize your day to fit all the thing
         | you would not have to do without progress.
         | 
         | Ok, it's tongue in cheek. I love progress.
         | 
         | But still.
        
           | jessaustin wrote:
           | It is common for popular fiction to replicate themes and
           | situations that people observe in life but cannot freely
           | discuss.
        
         | OrvalWintermute wrote:
         | Jon Stewart has a rare talent of imparting both logic and
         | comedy simultaneously. Ridiculously awesome guy.
        
         | walls wrote:
         | There's all these tornado research facilities in the same place
         | we keep getting tornados!
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jaywalk wrote:
           | Unlike a virus, you can't just grab a tornado and move it
           | somewhere else to study it. If you want to study tornadoes,
           | you have to be where tornadoes occur.
        
         | danesparza wrote:
         | Thank you for this. I hadn't seen it.
        
       | mikeyouse wrote:
       | For those with a bit more background in the sciences, there's an
       | increasingly massive amount of evidence to support Zoonotic
       | origin. Philipp Markolin has a good rundown:
       | 
       | https://protagonistfuture.substack.com/p/natures-neglected-g...
       | 
       | Most of the "evidence" for lab leak is just weird insinuation --
       | it's increasingly hard to pin down what the advocates for that
       | position are even arguing (e.g. whether it's a natural virus that
       | escaped or an engineered one, how different lineages showed up at
       | the market, which lab it allegedly escaped from since the WIV
       | campus is much further from the market compared to the CCDC, etc
       | etc).
       | 
       | China is a bad actor and definitely contributed to the conspiracy
       | madness around the virus by being so shut-down and performing
       | such a half-assed investigation but unfortunately they would have
       | done the same whether the virus came to be via the same animal
       | trade that caused the last SARS outbreak or if there was some
       | secret Wuhan project.
        
         | MilnerRoute wrote:
         | I feel like Unherd's article is actually misstating things. For
         | example, "no infected animal on sale in the market or elsewhere
         | in China has been found..." In fact, Bloomberg reported:
         | 
         |  _" Disease detectives arriving from Beijing on the first day
         | of 2020 ordered environmental samples to be collected from
         | drains and other surfaces at the market. Some 585 specimens
         | were tested, of which 33 turned out to be positive for SARS-
         | CoV-2... All but two of the positive specimens came from a
         | cavernous and poorly-ventilated section of the market's western
         | wing, where many shops sold animals."_
         | 
         | The Unherd article also claims: "There is no evidence of
         | exposure to SARS-like viruses among Wuhan market traders prior
         | to the Covid outbreak." But CNN reported:
         | 
         |  _Research helped [Michael] Worobey come up with a map of the
         | earliest cases that clusters them all around the market. "That
         | so many of the more than 100 COVID-19 cases from December with
         | no identified epidemiologic link to Huanan Market nonetheless
         | lived in its direct vicinity is notable and provides compelling
         | evidence that community transmission started at the market," he
         | wrote.... "The virus didn't come from some other part of Wuhan
         | and then get to Huanan market. The evidence speaks really quite
         | strongly to the virus starting at the market and then leaking
         | into the neighborhoods around the market.... So many of the
         | early cases were tied to this one Home Depot-sized building in
         | a city of 11 million people, when there are thousands of other
         | places where it would be more likely for early cases to be
         | linked to if the virus had not started there.""_
         | 
         | https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/18/health/covid-origins-market-t...
         | 
         | Interestingly Worobey actually signed a letter demanding the
         | lab leak theory be investigated. But he now believes there's --
         | in his words -- "a big red flashing arrow pointing at Huanan
         | Market as the most likely place the pandemic started."
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | The unherd article just advertising for the author's book.
           | This is a cry for attention.
        
           | eduction wrote:
           | These are simply not contradictions. To restate what you've
           | posted:
           | 
           | -Unherd says no infected animal has been found on sale in
           | China.
           | 
           | vs.
           | 
           | -Disease detectives found Covid positive environmental
           | samples at the animal market
           | 
           | --------
           | 
           | -Unherd says no market traders were found to have been
           | exposed to Covid
           | 
           | Vs
           | 
           | -A researcher found 100 Covid cases from the same month in
           | the vicinity of the market.
           | 
           | -------
           | 
           | Animals vs environmental samples. Infected animal traders vs
           | infected people living near the market. It's apples and
           | oranges and does not support the claim that the Unherd piece
           | misstated the things you quoted.
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | Yep. Ridley and Chan wrote their book when the lab leak idea
           | was vaguely more plausible, but even then it really
           | overstated the evidence. It's aged very poorly.
        
           | Symmetry wrote:
           | I don't think anybody doubts that the first superspreader
           | event happened at the Hunan market. The question is whether
           | the first human/animal crossover happened there. With a high
           | _k_ disease like Covid-19 you might very well have a chain of
           | transmission many links long before it starts going
           | exponential as in, for example, what contact tracers
           | uncovered about how the virus first got into France.
        
             | mikeyouse wrote:
             | Unfortunately, tons of people dispute it still. There's
             | prominent people insisting Covid was in Italy in mid 2019
             | among other ridiculous things. Unfortunately they're common
             | travelers with the more intellectually honest lab leak
             | folks so it's hard to separate them.
        
         | bayesian_horse wrote:
         | Of course it is zoonotic in origin. Otherwise it wouldn't have
         | been novel. Viruses don't appear from thin air.
        
         | kneel wrote:
         | >Most of the "evidence" for lab leak is just weird insinuation
         | -- it's increasingly hard to pin down what the advocates for
         | that position are even arguing
         | 
         | No it's pretty easy to see that they're pointing towards GoF
         | research performed at Wuhan Institute of Virology, a lab very
         | proximal to the origin of the outbreak.
         | 
         | The intercept has done a great job FOIA'ing chains of emails
         | showing real concerns with the veracity of a lab leak.
         | 
         | https://theintercept.com/2022/01/12/covid-origins-fauci-reda...
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | You do realize that in opposition to my point about it being
           | weird insinuation, you posted a bunch of weird insinuation
           | promoted by some of the dimmest people in congress? There was
           | a legitimate debate in 2020 about the origin of the virus,
           | which the emails "released" by the House adequately
           | demonstrate. Now nearly all of the people in those emails
           | have updated their priors to favor zoonosis, which is given
           | as evidence of conspiracy instead of just people learning
           | more about a novel virus.
        
             | ChemSpider wrote:
             | > all of the people in those emails have updated their
             | priors to favor zoonosis,
             | 
             | According the to released FOIA'ed emails, these scientists
             | changed their mind within 1-2 days from "wow, could really
             | be a lab leak" to "lab leak is a conspiracy theory" - why
             | that?
             | 
             | None of them can explain what made them change their mind
             | on this short time frame in spring 2020. Was there new
             | knowledge? A break thru experiment? They refuse to say.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | > None of them can explain what made them change their
               | mind on this short time frame in spring 2020.
               | 
               | Really? Can you point to interviews with these people
               | that have no answer when asked why they change their
               | mind?
               | 
               | It's quite a strong statement to say what you said, and
               | it would surprise me to see an entire group of people
               | refuse to answer a question. That would be quite
               | something.
               | 
               | But I suspect a more likely description of the scenario
               | is that you just don't want to accept their judgements,
               | and replace their actual answer with "no answer." I'd
               | love to have my suspicions proven to be wrong! Show the
               | evidence.
        
               | _jal wrote:
               | So, more weird insinuation.
               | 
               | Got it.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | You are downvoted, but it appears to me that you are
               | accurate in your assessment. I haven't followed this
               | debate much, but every time I look I to it I see weird
               | insinuations, misrepresentations, and "obvious"
               | assertions that are not in any way obvious. It seems like
               | a gigantic waste of time, like debating creationists.
               | I'll wait for my scientific peers to blow the whistle if
               | any of the claims have credibility.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | > None of them can explain what made them change their
               | mind on this short time frame in spring 2020. Was there
               | new knowledge? A break thru experiment? They refuse to
               | say.
               | 
               | Again, this isn't true. Plenty of them have explained it.
               | Just not up to the standards of the conspiracy theorists.
               | This goes beyond the "lab leak vs. natural origin" debate
               | and is now, what, including American scientists in
               | covering up the lab leak to aid the Chinese?
               | 
               | Spell out specifically what you are implying here.
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | A lot of them thought that no sarbecoviruses had a furin
               | cleavage site and when they were first exposed to the
               | issue by the headlines they assigned an overly high
               | estimate to the FCS as being evidence of human tampering.
               | 
               | Then other experts pointed out that isn't uncommon at
               | all, and they all adjusted their thinking.
               | 
               | "Woah, that's a million to one odds, that can't be by
               | chance!"
               | 
               | "No, it's actually really common, here's a pile of
               | similar viruses with an FCS."
               | 
               | "Oh, nevermind."
               | 
               | Experts can leap to conclusions and run their mouths off
               | just like everyone else, doesn't take some radical world-
               | wide conspiracy that "got" to them (other than the
               | radical conspiracy theory of "well-informed truthful
               | information").
        
               | cameldrv wrote:
               | I don't think that there are any Sarbecoronaviruses other
               | than SARS2 that have an FCS. This paper from 2021
               | supports that conclusion [1]. There are other
               | Coronaviruses that have an FCS, but not
               | Sarbecoronaviruses, and none of them use PRRA. Those
               | twelve amino acids have essentially come out of nowhere.
               | 
               | [1]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7836551/
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | None of the FCS in that paper are the same: RRAR, RTAR,
               | RSVR, RVRR, RSGR, RRSRR, RRSR, RAKR, RAHR, RRKRR. There's
               | clearly an awful lot of functional sequences that we know
               | of that produce an FCS and uniqueness there isn't
               | special.
               | 
               | You're right that I wrote sarbecoviruses when I meant
               | beta-coronaviruses. We still don't know of any
               | sarbecoviruses with an FCS, but MERS has an FCS and the
               | bat beta-coronaviruses HKU4 and HKU5 have an FCS.
        
         | mw888 wrote:
         | This is garbage appeal to authority designed to make people
         | embarrassed to hold an opposite view. I learned nothing from
         | your comment and was simply told to trust this source you hid
         | any arguments behind. It's not fostering discussion and it's
         | strawmanning those you disagree with.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | The fundamental premise here is that most people who are
           | arguing about COVID origins simply don't understand enough
           | about known factual biology to make informed arguments. The
           | appeal to authority is important because, in the case where
           | we're not particularly knowledgeable, we should use
           | authorities as guidance on how to reason.
           | 
           | I agree with what the parent said although I wouldn't say the
           | evidence is "overwhelming". The important point is: China's
           | government is so secretive we can't tell if they were
           | intentionally covering something up, or just destroying all
           | the evidence without any knowledge of what it said, to avoid
           | people speculating from the documents.
        
             | dariusj18 wrote:
             | Another important fact. China has everything to lose from
             | cooperation and nothing to gain. An unfortunate reality in
             | geopolitics is to give no control to other countries of
             | your own fate. If they were to grant access and attempt to
             | be completely forthcoming, how are they to know that some
             | group wouldn't attempt to fabricate evidence or muddy the
             | waters further.
        
         | elif wrote:
         | What makes you put on evidence in quotes?
         | 
         | The deletion of the bat coronavirus database at Wuhan institute
         | of virology prior to the pandemic is an undisputed and central
         | fact. Your quotation marks do nothing to diminish this fact
         | alone's inherent demand that Occam's razor be inverted.
        
           | rzz3 wrote:
           | Sure, but Occam's is a logical shortcut, not a method of
           | scientific conclusion. I personally suspect a lab leak
           | origin, but I can't say I have conclusive evidence. I just
           | find it extremely likely based on a myriad of circumstantial
           | evidence, and a lack of any conclusive evidence of natural
           | origin.
        
             | bayesian_horse wrote:
             | I find it extremely unlikely given what I know about
             | biology and how viruses and epidemiology works.
             | 
             | Lack of transparency in China is no proof, it's standard
             | operating procedure. They'll try to CYA even if they didn't
             | do anything wrong, maybe especially then.
             | 
             | The simplest and most probable way the pandemic started
             | really is the way pandemics usually start: by a pathogen
             | jumping from an animal species to Humans, without passing
             | through a lab whatsoever.
        
               | nescioquid wrote:
               | Like rzz3, I am suspicious of a lab leak (but reserve
               | judgement). You say the lab leak is unlikely, but do you
               | know better than the WHO? From the article:
               | 
               | > In this we are in line with the US government, the G7,
               | the World Health Organisation and the general public, all
               | of whom are on record as saying that they think a leak
               | from a Wuhan virology lab is a strong possibility that
               | deserves to be investigated. The latest WHO report two
               | weeks ago confirms this, saying that it is important "to
               | evaluate the possibility of the introduction of SARS-
               | CoV-2 into the human population through a laboratory
               | incident".
               | 
               | China's behavior is suspicious, but as you point out
               | there could be any number of reasons for this. However,
               | that's hardly a basis for exoneration. In either case,
               | China's behavior is surely a confounding factor in
               | understanding what actually happened.
        
               | ikrenji wrote:
               | it is really not extremely unlikely. mainly because it
               | happened multiple times previously in china with sars
               | epidemic. there is a precedent
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC416634/
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | This is exactly what I mean about insinuation.
           | 
           | Spell out specifically what you think a deleted database
           | proves and the sequence of events that would lead to it being
           | deleted.
           | 
           | The timeline of this stuff is extremely important to
           | disproving some of the sillier claims. This database that's a
           | "Central Fact" was deleted several months before the first
           | case of a virus with an unmitigated R0 of >5.
           | 
           | They would have to know there was a novel coronavirus
           | spreading for _months_ before the rest of the world. Aside
           | from the rest of the obvious ways everyone else would know,
           | DNA phylogeny of all known cases disproves this.
           | 
           | The conceit falls apart immediately.
        
         | jahewson wrote:
         | That's a very well researched article you link to, but
         | assumptions are tricky things:
         | 
         | > The fact that there were two distinct lineages early on is of
         | critical importance, as this could imply a hidden community
         | transmission for months (lineage A could've evolved into
         | lineage B) before the outbreak at the Huanan market.
         | Alternatively, the two lineages could have evolved in an animal
         | reservoir from a shared MRCA before separately jumping into
         | humans at the market. Option one is compatible with a lab leak
         | scenario, option two is not.
         | 
         | Option two assumes that the lab had only one lineage of the
         | virus - but it collected samples out in the wild and could
         | easily have collected both together, mixed and stored them, and
         | leaked them together. So the wonderfully detailed analysis
         | rests on this assumption.
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | > Option two assumes that the lab had only one lineage of the
           | virus - but it collected samples out in the wild and could
           | easily have collected both together, mixed and stored them,
           | and leaked them together. So the wonderfully detailed
           | analysis rests on this assumption.
           | 
           | They were two lineages of the same virus, commonly seen in
           | repeated spillover transmission. Explain specifically how you
           | think they would "leak" both of them together - because the
           | theory in your comment eliminates the option of an infected
           | worker spreading the lab virus.
        
         | gojomo wrote:
         | Overfocusing on the market cluster is an error. First, because
         | viruses travel easily - so even if 100% of early cases were
         | around the market, it could have reached the market via a lab
         | worker. And second, early overemphasis on the market cluster
         | caused authorities to search for every case there, and _ignore_
         | cases elsewhere - just as in the US, authorities missed early
         | community spread because they didn 't even consider/test people
         | who hadn't recently returned from China.
         | 
         | If the crossover was zoonotic, and didn't involve
         | EcoHealth/WIV/etc institutional actions, it should've been
         | possible to find intermediate hosts, or viruses, in an earnest
         | search.
         | 
         | Instead of finding those - in any of the hypothesized animals,
         | anywhere from bat caves to Wuhan - we've instead found yet
         | another bat virus that's closer-to-SARS-CoV-2 (BANAL) in
         | exactly the Laotian caves where EcoHealth was collecting
         | hundreds of viruses to bring to Wuhan (& elsewhere) for study
         | _and gain-of-function-enhancement_. Researchers were routinely
         | making such viruses more human-adapted, and researchers had
         | _specifically_ had sought money to add the same  'furin
         | cleavage' functionality that a BANAL-like virus needed to
         | become SARS-CoV-2.
         | 
         | It's not just China that was suspiciously half-assed in the
         | early days, when the evidence either way for lab-leak or
         | zoonosis could have been clearer. Fauci & Collins at the NIH
         | were suspiciously half-assed too, & sent a clear message to
         | everyone dependent on US federal research funding: "don't
         | entertain this speculation if you want to be on our team".
         | 
         | Fauci was energetic in sending that message even when he was
         | still downplaying the risk & saying masks couldn't help. That
         | is: they were prioritizing narrative control over either
         | investigation or pandemic control. Very fishy!
        
           | jjoonathan wrote:
           | Lab-leak was a sensational "whodunnit" and the entire purpose
           | of promoting it (true or not) was to distract from the far
           | more important "what should we do about the pandemic." The
           | people pushing for this distraction A. wanted to do nothing
           | (economy in an election year) and B. once they realized that
           | doing nothing was unwise, needed to cover for having pushed A
           | too hard, with too many "aged like milk" statements and
           | actions. It was the public health policy equivalent of
           | shouting "look, a squirrel!" Re-focusing the narrative away
           | from the squirrel and back onto the pandemic wasn't only not
           | sinister, it was a gigantic face-palm that it had to be done
           | in the first place.
           | 
           | That's also why interest evaporated: the two real reasons to
           | push the story both expired in 2020. Now all that remains is
           | idle curiosity. As far as I'm concerned: indulge. Go nuts.
           | Now that you aren't worsening a public health crisis by
           | pushing an election agenda, it really is just a fun little
           | detective story, and I'm as curious as the next guy.
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | Both of your points are directly and conclusively addressed
           | in the post..
           | 
           | > _First, because viruses travel easily - so even if 100% of
           | early cases were around the market, it could have reached the
           | market via a lab worker_
           | 
           | There were two distinct lineages at the market with a cluster
           | of positive environmental samples in the wild animal section.
           | I would love to hear a plausible theory on how two unrelated
           | lineages came to be present there after human-human
           | transmission.
           | 
           | > _And second, early overemphasis on the market cluster
           | caused authorities to search for every case there, and ignore
           | cases elsewhere - just as in the US, authorities missed early
           | community spread because they didn 't even consider/test
           | people who hadn't recently returned from China._
           | 
           | Not remotely true. I'd encourage you to read this paper:
           | https://zenodo.org/record/6299600#.YjSWqDUxmUk
        
             | gojomo wrote:
             | The prior linked post is a gish-gallop of overconfident
             | motivated reasoning.
             | 
             | "Two lineages" in rapid-succession is weird - but no better
             | explained by two zoonoses (that left no hints in any animal
             | population) than two lab-leaks.
             | 
             | Worobey et al's analysis is at the mercy of Chinese data
             | sources, and even if _all_ early cases were exclusively in
             | the market, and even the live-animal section, that doesn 't
             | disprove lab origin.
             | 
             | It might slant things slightly against it - but when no
             | other animals, anywhere from Laos to Wuhan, have revealed
             | any of these supposed intermediate forms - that somehow
             | zoonosed _twice_ , only _after_ reaching Wuhan, with a
             | dangerous new viral feature Wuhan researchers had proposed
             | splicing into bat viruses?!? - the slant remains very much
             | in the other direction.
             | 
             | But you don't have to trust me; even the WHO now wants a
             | better investigation of the prematurely-suppressed lab-
             | origin possibility:
             | https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/06/09/who-sago-
             | cov...
             | 
             | There's a field-wide _omerta_ about gain-of-function risks
             | - who wants to ruin their relationship with the NIH,  &
             | admit research that's pretty typical across many leaky labs
             | worldwide, may have killed 20 million people (and
             | counting)?
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | > _" Two lineages" in rapid-succession is weird - but no
               | better explained by two zoonoses (that left no hints in
               | any animal population) than two lab-leaks._
               | 
               | I mean, everyone can stop reading here... This is
               | patently false. Multiple Spillover is a readily
               | reproducible phenomenon that perfectly explains the dual
               | lineages.
               | 
               | Again, spell out specifically the route how two distinct
               | lineages would be present at the market under the lab
               | leak scenario.
               | 
               | > _It might slant things slightly against it - but when
               | no other animals, anywhere from Laos to Wuhan, have
               | revealed any of these supposed intermediate forms - that
               | somehow zoonosed twice, only after reaching Wuhan_
               | 
               | You literally only need one animal shedding virus - it's
               | how literally every other pandemic started. The market
               | was shut down weeks after it was clear that a pandemic
               | was underway and only after that did the authorities
               | start looking for infected animals. Absence of evidence
               | here isn't remotely a substitution for evidence of the
               | absence.
               | 
               | > _with a dangerous new viral feature Wuhan researchers
               | had proposed splicing into bat viruses?!? - the slant
               | remains very much in the other direction._
               | 
               | This part is just false and belies your lack of
               | understanding of the science and the direction of
               | causality. The reason scientists proposed studying the
               | FCS is because it was identified a decade+ ago as both
               | dangerous for zoonosis and readily possible with natural
               | mutation.
               | 
               | All of these virologists studying coronaviruses weren't
               | doing it out of the blue, but because everyone knew that
               | it was the single greatest zoonotic risk we faced.
        
               | gojomo wrote:
               | A lab worker who was careless (if not
               | depressed/malicious) could just as easily carry out two
               | variants as one.
               | 
               | One animal shedded... two variants of virus? How did the
               | animal get it, when no other nearby wild or market
               | animals in the (lackluster) investigation around Wuhan,
               | or since elsewhere, have shown candidate SARS-
               | CoV2/precursor viruses?
               | 
               | They proposed adding the FCS to existing viruses where
               | FCS hadn't been seen before - and yes, the motivation was
               | because that was considered a potential natural risk. But
               | that doesn't mean it was a natural inevitability. Isn't
               | the proximity of the proposal, "add FCS to a bat
               | coronavirus to see how much worse it makes it", to the
               | appearance of SARS-CoV2 at least a _little_ suspicious?
               | 
               | They & others have published lots of work that
               | specifically made existing viruses more transmissable, or
               | more severe - often in labs with a history of leaks. This
               | can be done via evolutionary pressures - serial passage
               | forced-evolution - or via explicit engineering of new
               | chimeric viruses.
               | 
               | Coronavirus crossover was theorized to be a major risk,
               | after SARS/MERS. That didn't mean that actually outracing
               | nature to make the hypothesized worse viruses in
               | accelerated lab processes was a good risk-reducing idea!
        
               | SiempreViernes wrote:
               | > One animal shedded... two variants of virus
               | 
               | Maybe, but more likely two different ones out of the many
               | millions of poorly documented animals in the East Asia
               | animal trade. Certainly more plausible than a single lab
               | engineering two very distinct linages for no good reason.
               | 
               | > That didn't mean that actually outracing nature to make
               | the hypothesized worse viruses in accelerated lab
               | processes was a good risk-reducing idea!
               | 
               | Presumably you can link to the papers published about how
               | they did just such work, or evidence it in some other
               | authoritative way since you make the assertion so boldly?
        
               | gojomo wrote:
               | How would two different non-bat animals shed two
               | different (but closely-related) bat viruses, in a market
               | with no bats, and far away from the bat caves where
               | related viruses are documented? And further, manage this
               | with _no_ evidence of any other animals infected with
               | related viruses in that region, nor along the trade
               | routes any such animals /viruses must have followed?
               | 
               | Those were the _two_ luckiest bat-viruses ever!
               | 
               | On the other hand, the research lab across town had
               | collected hundreds of such bat viruses from far away -
               | suspiciously never fully catalogued.
               | 
               | EcoHealth belatedly reported in late 2021 _to the NIH,
               | its funder_ that it had already, prior to May 2019:
               | 
               | * created a new, chimeric SHC014-WIV1 virus that was more
               | virulent in human tissue than the (relatively benign)
               | natural WIV1 virus
               | 
               | * took a natural virus that was already highly deadly,
               | MERS, & added new binding sites
               | 
               | You can read an overview from The Intercept at
               | <https://theintercept.com/2021/10/21/virus-mers-wuhan-
               | experim...>, or a (partially-redacted) suspiciously-late
               | EcoHealth report to the NIH at <https://www.documentcloud
               | .org/documents/21089573-priority-gr...> which describes
               | these experiments.
               | 
               | Note also that per The Intercept, an EcoHealth spokesman
               | had previously denied any such MERS gain-of-function
               | experimentation had occurred - claiming instead it was
               | only "suggested as an alternative and was not
               | undertaken".
               | 
               | So: EcoHealth lied.
               | 
               | What if someone's secret budget, or pre-grant
               | investigational work, had helped WIV do _exactly the FCS
               | addition_ they 'd already asked for funding to do? That'd
               | be a sufficient, and straightforward, way to get a SARS-
               | CoV2-like virus from less-human-adapted viruses in
               | nature.
               | 
               | And while this route isn't proven - perhaps because those
               | involved have been suspiciously uncooperative - this
               | hypothetical origin has more supporting evidence than
               | "luckiest bat viruses ever snuck to Wuhan from a thousand
               | miles away, zoonosed in Wuhan twice in rapid succession,
               | leaving no sick animals or people anywhere else, despite
               | a giant search".
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | > There's a field-wide omerta about gain-of-function
               | risks - who wants to ruin their relationship with the
               | NIH, & admit research that's pretty typical across many
               | leaky labs worldwide, may have killed 20 million people
               | (and counting)?
               | 
               | Claims like this, without evidence, reallt detract from
               | any other point you want to make. Because it seems that
               | your thumb is pretty heavy in the scale, without any
               | evidence.
        
               | gojomo wrote:
               | When there are massive institutional incentives to
               | proclaim X, it is only wise to discount, somewhat,
               | proclamations of X.
               | 
               | In Vanity Fair's lab-leak theory story, there was an
               | illustrative detail:
               | 
               | *> Inside the NIH, which funded such research, the P3CO
               | ["Potential Pandemic Pathogen Care and Oversight"]
               | framework was largely met with shrugs and eye rolls, said
               | a longtime agency official: "If you ban gain-of-function
               | research, you ban all of virology." He added, "Ever since
               | the moratorium, everyone's gone wink-wink and just done
               | gain-of-function research anyway."
               | 
               | A whole field wants certain research to happen, with
               | minimal limits. They don't want to admit, or even let
               | themselves believe, that their peers' accident killed 20
               | million people. It's a hard pill to swallow!
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | That's reading an awful lot into an unattributed quote,
               | which includes a direct refutation attributed quotes
               | right above it.
               | 
               | It's clear that there have been moratoriums on GoF
               | without stopping "all of virology," so whatever was meant
               | by this "wink wink nudge nudge" is really unclear.
               | 
               | Also, in the prior paragraph, the reporter talks about
               | "details of proposed experiments being secret" but that's
               | just standard practice for literally all government
               | funding of science. As if they shouldn't be secret for
               | some reason in this case.
               | 
               | If this the sort of weak sauce, I mean, come on.
               | 
               | Just a bunch of weird insinuations, and having read more,
               | saying there's "omerta" on this seems even less likely.
               | 
               | How about at least a little bit of real meat?
        
               | pbreit wrote:
               | No heavier than your thumb on the zoonosis scale.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | Where have I put my thumb on the zoonosis scale?
        
             | tripletao wrote:
             | These "two distinct lineages" are separated by exactly two
             | single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). For comparison,
             | omicron differs from the original Wuhan virus by more than
             | fifty SNPs. SARS-CoV-2 averages something around a third of
             | an SNP per human-to-human transition.
             | 
             | https://mobile.twitter.com/jbloom_lab/status/15346306072207
             | 1...
             | 
             | It's overwhelmingly likely that something around two months
             | of cryptic spread occurred before the market super-spreader
             | event, regardless of whether the origin was natural or
             | research-related. That's plenty of time for these "two
             | distinct lineages" to develop. They could also have
             | developed at the market, either in a single transmission
             | with two mutations, or in two transmissions with an
             | intermediate lineage that died out before it could be
             | sampled.
             | 
             | Were you previously aware that the two lineages were just
             | two SNPs apart? It's bizarre to me that the "two lineages"
             | have received so much press as evidence of natural
             | zoonosis, when they could have arisen so easily in human-
             | to-human transmission.
        
             | pbreit wrote:
             | Two lineages do not preclude lab origin.
             | 
             | And the data collection was absolutely biased to the
             | market.
        
             | lamontcg wrote:
             | > There were two distinct lineages at the market
             | 
             | No there were two distinct lineages in two separate
             | crossover events, the market was just one of them.
             | 
             | Which is even worse for the lab-leak hypothesis.
        
         | tomp wrote:
         | What's your explanation for the fact that Moderna patented the
         | very specific 19-nucleotide sequence that codes Sars-COV-2
         | furin cleavage site in 2018?
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | Just think about what you're claiming here with this silly
           | question. You honestly think _Moderna_ patented a sequence
           | multiple years ago, and then what, shared their research with
           | the Chinese to unleash a virus and create demand for a
           | vaccine they hadn 't invented yet? Why in the world would
           | they patent it before that?
           | 
           | It's literally the dumbest nonsense.
           | 
           | A more direct refutation though is that the authors were
           | extremely out of their depth and didn't remotely understand
           | the results from their BLASTing. The moderna sequence is the
           | reverse complement and doesn't even encode proteins. In the
           | DNA repair context for which Moderna the patent covers, it
           | codes for a specific (Non FCS protein) and can even be found
           | in birds. Did Moderna invent birds too?
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/emmecola/status/1468569894245572612
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/MGerdol/status/1496130768854212624
        
             | salawat wrote:
             | ...The entire point of patents is the spread of knowledge.
             | What, you think researchers, people that are by definition
             | expected to be well acquainted with the cutting edge state
             | of the art, _aren 't_ trolling patent streams for
             | inspiration?
             | 
             | I'm not even that much a cutting edge guy (I try to bring
             | yesterday's innovation that no one noticed to people not
             | even aware they should be looking at it) and I dig through
             | the odd patent that catches my interest.
        
             | nostrebored wrote:
             | Yes, Chinese academia and business has no history of IP
             | theft!
             | 
             | To be clear I agree with the rest of your sentiment. I
             | think the nucleotide sequence as evidence is very weak.
             | It's the same amount of randomness as a 42 bit sequence
             | assuming independence in both
        
             | tomp wrote:
             | Thanks for a sensible counterargument!
        
             | Iwan-Zotow wrote:
             | Patent, by definition, is shared and public knowledge (but
             | not a public ownership)
        
             | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
             | > Did Moderna invent birds too?
             | 
             | Maybe they did...
             | 
             | https://birdsarentreal.com/
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | No. This is how you end up with flat earthers.
        
           | jahewson wrote:
           | The answer is that the Sars-COV-2 cleavage site, while novel
           | for a coronavirus, is not novel biologically. It's seen
           | elsewhere and corresponds to the inverse of the human protein
           | MSH3, which plays a role in certain cancers.
           | 
           | It is not, as some people here are alleging, related to SARS-
           | Cov-1.
        
           | qbasic_forever wrote:
           | You realize COVID-19 is the second major SARS coronavirus
           | outbreak the world has seen, right?
           | 
           | Much of the research on the spike protein for COVID-19 came
           | directly from SARS 1 research a decade ago. The fact we were
           | able to have vaccines ready in 12 months is because of this
           | research on SARS 1 and the spike protein.
        
           | culi wrote:
           | Uhhh do you think it MIGHT have something to do with the fact
           | that Sars-COV-1 had already caused an outbreak and the WHO
           | already had already placed these viruses on their watchlist
           | of viruses with the most potential to cause a pandemic...
           | 
           | EDIT:
           | 
           | > The SARS-related coronavirus was one of several viruses
           | identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 as
           | a likely cause of a future epidemic in a new plan developed
           | after the Ebola epidemic for urgent research and development
           | before and during an epidemic towards diagnostic tests,
           | vaccines and medicines. This prediction came to pass with the
           | COVID-19 pandemic.
           | 
           | https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/after-
           | ebola-...
           | 
           | EDIT2:
           | 
           | The research effort to predict future outbreaks evolved into
           | some really cool stuff like this:
           | 
           | https://spillover.global/ranking-comparison/
           | 
           | Inevitably one of these will result in another outbreak and
           | inevitably there will have been a lab trying to study it in
           | preparation and inevitably another big-brain is gonna find
           | some patent or paper that predates the outbreak and use it as
           | "evidence" for their conspiracy
        
         | vfclists wrote:
         | Doesn't the article have a table of contents?
         | 
         | What happened to plain HTML documents with a table of contents
         | at the top that enables to get an idea of the structure of the
         | document and jump back and forth between the sections?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | > China is a bad actor and definitely contributed to the
         | conspiracy madness around the virus by being so shut-down and
         | performing such a half-assed investigation
         | 
         | It definitely seems that the default reaction of any
         | authoritaian/police-state environment like mainland China is to
         | clamp down on things and restrict information _whether or not
         | it 's necessary_.
         | 
         | One needs to only look at the many examples of various
         | scandals/disasters that have gone very briefly viral on Chinese
         | language social media before the censors get to them (often
         | within 8-12 hours of the breaking news) before everything gets
         | deleted.
        
           | bragr wrote:
           | >whether or not it's necessary
           | 
           | The thing is they've studied the revolutions of 89 and the
           | more recent ones too. They know they don't know what will be
           | the thing that will finally get people out in the streets so
           | they clamp down on everything. Who could know before hand
           | that Mohamed Bouazizi setting himself on fire would trigger
           | the Tunisian revolution, and that that would help trigger the
           | Arab Spring? China is very worried about potential Mohamed
           | Bouazizis.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Bouazizi
        
           | robonerd wrote:
           | > _It definitely seems that the default reaction of any
           | authoritaian /police-state environment like mainland China is
           | to clamp down on things and restrict information whether or
           | not it's necessary._
           | 
           | That tactic loses them the benefit of the doubt across the
           | board. As long as their default reaction is to suppress
           | everything, my default assumption is that they're guilty of
           | every accusation they suppress.
        
             | remram wrote:
             | That's fair but doesn't help us find out what happened
             | though.
        
         | jiveturkey42 wrote:
        
         | richm31415 wrote:
        
         | nraynaud wrote:
         | And saying that China would have an interest in spreading the
         | virus seems fishy to me too, they almost decapitated the
         | Communist Party by having a giant dinner at the onset of the
         | pandemic.
        
         | johndfsgdgdfg wrote:
         | Thank you for posting this. WHO-China report found that COVID
         | almost certainly came out of China and the market is just the
         | amplifying venue. It's the racist and xenophobic groups that
         | are trying to incite hatred against China by spreading
         | propaganda.
        
           | honkdaddy wrote:
           | You post this viewpoint all the time, I've seen you comment
           | it before. Which report are you referring to exactly?
        
           | aksss wrote:
           | China gives its critics plenty to work with. And, no, critics
           | of China are not automatically or even likely racist and
           | xenophobic.
        
             | treeman79 wrote:
             | Guide to politics.
             | 
             | If you don't support A. This means you are B,C,D...Z.
        
             | msla wrote:
             | > And, no, critics of China are not automatically or even
             | likely racist and xenophobic.
             | 
             | Especially since some people refuse to distinguish between
             | people talking about the PRC and people talking about
             | people of Chinese ethnicity. It's an obvious enough tactic
             | once you're looking for it, but damn if it can't throw a
             | smoke grenade into the discussion.
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | Hard to see lab-leak as intrinsically anti-China giving that
           | it was NIH financing those GoF experiments which produced the
           | coronavirus in Wuhan. That same story for example is pushed
           | in Russia, who is making friends with China, as anti-
           | American. So basically the story is interpreted as anti-
           | something depending on your political orientation.
        
             | mikeyouse wrote:
             | To be clear - the NIH never financed any GoF experiments in
             | Wuhan. There was a proposal that was never funded, and even
             | in that proposal, the GoF work would happen in Baric's
             | North Carolina lab.
        
               | trhway wrote:
               | To be clear - during 2014-2019 NIH actually paid $3.6M to
               | EcoHealth Alliance under the grants clearly specifying
               | the coronavirus GoF experiments in Wuhan with the "Human
               | subjects included" checked. EcoHealth naturally kept
               | about 75% of it as "commission/management fee/whatever"
               | because conducting those experiments at BSL2 in Wuhan was
               | much cheaper than the original experiments in US at BSL3+
               | (in those original experiments they were able to increase
               | virality of the deadly, yet low viral original SARS by
               | inserting spike protein to allow for ACE2 based cell
               | entry - the hallmark of the coronavirus - and after that
               | the research was moved to Wuhan
               | https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/06/29/1027290/gain-
               | of-...).
               | 
               | It was the 2018 proposal for additional money - EcoHealth
               | naturally trying to double dip - for those GoF
               | experiments in Wuhan to insert very human specific gene
               | sequences into the coronavirus which was rejected as
               | "Hell no, that is too risky!" by .. wait for it ...
               | DARPA. Well as DARPA rejected it was still funded after
               | that by the Fauci's NIAID.
               | 
               | And the rest is history - in November 2019 the
               | coronavirus magically "naturally" jumped onto humans
               | supposedly in the Wuhan market a thousand kilometers from
               | the natural habitat of its closest natural siblings. We
               | are all free to choose our Morpheus' pill, blue or red :)
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | Aside from he rest of the weird conspiracy insinuation
               | I've come to expect - you should probably know that
               | horseshoe bats are endemic to the caves around Wuhan and
               | were studied by virologists in the hills above the
               | biggest animal trade in Hubei.. So it's probably best if
               | you stop making the silly claim about them being 1,000km
               | away if you want to bolster your case.
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7824899/
        
               | trhway wrote:
               | If you didn't notice you're pushing the 2021 work by that
               | same Wuhan institute. It is as trustworthy in that matter
               | as that EcoHealth Aliance's owner/PI Daszak's conclusion
               | that the coronavirus wasn't of their making.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | Yes, the WIV does indeed study the bats that we're
               | questioning. I'm not sure what point you're trying to
               | make? The claim you're questioning is "There are
               | horseshoe bats near Wuhan".
               | 
               | Do you think they just invented the bats? I mean...
               | they're on video...
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovnUyTRMERI&t=185s
        
               | Nimitz14 wrote:
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | The rest of the comment is the same exact meritless
               | insinuation I've replied to 100 other times in this
               | thread. It's tiring replying to people who don't
               | understand the first thing about biology or virology
               | because you have to retrace _so much ground_ just to get
               | them to the point where they can comprehend why they 're
               | 'not even wrong'.
               | 
               | But sure, I'll bite. Aside from the completely false
               | claim there aren't horseshoe bats near Wuhan. A small
               | grant (only $1.5M was ever paid) to a lab studying
               | coronaviruses after a huge coronavirus outbreak (SARS)
               | isn't remotely interesting and especially isn't evidence
               | of a lab leak. And the "human subjects" was literally
               | just to run PCRs on people who live near bats to try and
               | catch viruses early.
               | 
               | More to the point, it's not difficult to see whether a
               | virus was engineered or manipulated with GoF research and
               | this one wasn't. So all of the silly distractions about
               | right-wing bogeyman like Peter Daszak secretly funding
               | Chinese bioweapons are irrelevant.
        
               | trhway wrote:
        
               | dang wrote:
               | Could you please make your substantive points without
               | name-calling and swipes? It's against the site
               | guidelines. It's also not in your interest, since it
               | weakens your case.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | trhway wrote:
               | thank you, i appreciate it, overwatching Big Brother :)
               | Sometimes one just gets carried away.
        
               | trhway wrote:
               | >A small grant ... isn't evidence of a lab leak
               | 
               | The grant is evidence of research not of the leak.
               | 
               | >And the "human subjects" was literally just to run PCRs
               | on people who live near bats to try and catch viruses
               | early.
               | 
               | we don't really know what was done with the "subjects".
               | The IRB document would have been useful here. When you're
               | doing GoF by specifically increasing human targeting
               | virality by creating chimera viruses in the lab, the
               | "PCRs on people who live near bats" sounds a bit sideway.
               | 
               | > it's not difficult to see whether a virus was
               | engineered or manipulated with GoF research and this one
               | wasn't.
               | 
               | really depends on how GoF is done. So far such
               | conclusions in this case came from the people coopted and
               | prompted by Daszak while those people weren't aware of
               | the conflict of interest that Daszak has here.
               | 
               | >So all of the silly distractions about right-wing
               | bogeyman like Peter Daszak secretly funding Chinese
               | bioweapons are irrelevant.
               | 
               | that is strawman argument. The facts of Daszak
               | involvement is clearly and widely documented. As to his
               | motivation or final target - it is clearly a matter of
               | interpretation and scale of fantasy of the one doing
               | interpretation, and as i already mentioned in Russia for
               | example it is interpreted as US building bioweapons.
               | (Note: in my interpretation i see no bioweapons or the
               | likes, just a somewhat dangerous research performed with
               | a bit of corner cutting, and instead of looking into the
               | mistakes and how to make such research safer - i think
               | such research is unavoidable - the issue got highly
               | politicized with no any useful outcome as a result)
        
               | jpeloquin wrote:
               | > during 2014-2019 NIH actually paid $3.6M to EcoHealth
               | Alliance under the grants clearly specifying the
               | coronavirus GoF experiments in Wuhan with the "Human
               | subjects included" checked.
               | 
               | Is this is the grant you're referring to? https://reporte
               | r.nih.gov/search/me9X23pZWEigATS-4XTBfA/proje...
               | 
               | From your comment it was unclear to me what the human
               | subjects component was. It appears to have been
               | population surveillance using PCR and antibody testing,
               | with the intent to detect prior infection by previously
               | unrecognized coronaviruses. Which is low-risk.
               | 
               | From the public project details, it is not clear that the
               | scope of the work as described to the NIH included gain
               | of function experiments. Perhaps you were referring to a
               | different project description? And of course EcoHealth
               | Alliance may have done gain of function experiments that
               | were not described in their proposal.
        
         | harshreality wrote:
         | Most of the "evidence" against lab-leak is just weird
         | insinuation.
         | 
         | Speculation about how the virus wasn't created wholly
         | synthetically: nobody is seriously arguing it was, or it
         | wouldn't be SARS-family.
         | 
         | Arguments that the spike protein binding domain wasn't
         | synthetically engineered: it didn't have to be. It could have
         | been serial passage in humanized mice, _considering that 's
         | what Daszak and co had literally proposed years before the
         | outbreak_.
         | 
         | Arguments that because the original SARS-CoV-2 wasn't perfectly
         | optimized to bind to ACE2, it obviously didn't come from a lab:
         | Obvious nonsense. Why would you expect serial passage through a
         | small number of humanized mice be as effective at optimizing
         | binding to ACE2 as an epidemic sweeping through tens, then
         | hundreds of millions of humans?
         | 
         | The Laos expedition is interesting, but having only just
         | skimmed it I'm not yet convinced it means anything. Any samples
         | with very similar spike proteins collected AFTER SARS-CoV-2
         | became an epidemic could indicate that SARS-CoV-2 had
         | recombined with existing bat coronaviruses, rather than being a
         | zoonotic _source_ of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
         | 
         | The sloppiness and drumbeat nature of these anti-lab-leak
         | essays makes me not trust them. The lab-leak argument is
         | speculative, sure, but we've sent people to prison for murder
         | based on speculative inferences from circumstantial evidence;
         | meanwhile, none of the arguments _against_ lab-leak are solid.
        
           | rzz3 wrote:
           | Very well put. One thing I'd add, is that this entire debate
           | regarding the lab leak hypothesis is entirely politicized,
           | and I feel few people actually have legitimate scientific
           | interest in discovering the truth. Either theory is perfectly
           | viable given the evidence we currently have.
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | > _and I feel few people actually have legitimate
             | scientific interest in discovering the truth_
             | 
             | Not to be glib, but what _would_ be a legitimate scientific
             | interest in discovering the truth?
             | 
             | That this _plausibly_ could have been of natural origin
             | would seem to override any value in discerning where it
             | _actually_ came from.
             | 
             | If it was a lab leak, "Oops." We hastened it occuring
             | naturally by some amount of time. Lots of people died, but
             | that would have happened in an inevitable spillover event
             | anyway, albeit farther in the future.
             | 
             | If it wasn't a lab leak, well there we are.
             | 
             | Or, in other words, what would we do _differently_ if it
             | were a lab leak? Increase biocontainment protocols? Okay,
             | so we 've made human-origin less likely. We still have to
             | deal with naturally-occurring in the future.
        
               | est31 wrote:
               | You raise good points, but note that not everyone is
               | rational here. Covid has in fact shown irrational so many
               | people are, even in the 21st century.
               | 
               | If it were discovered to be a lab leak from something
               | previously discovered in the wild, especially from a NIH
               | funded lab, hell would break lose and it would hurt many
               | aspects of biological and medical research.
        
               | incrudible wrote:
               | You underestimate the time value of _not_ having a
               | pandemic today, as opposed to perhaps hundreds of years
               | in the future. Serial passage through humanized mice is
               | not exactly something that happens in nature.
        
             | mikeyouse wrote:
             | That doesn't mean each are equally likely.. hence the huge
             | section in the article I linked about bayesian priors.
        
               | byecomputer wrote:
               | I sort of lost faith in the article's willingness to take
               | lab leak seriously when they threw this map up[0] and
               | inexplicably did not label where the Wuhan Institute of
               | Virology is on it. For reference[1].
               | 
               | [0] https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_
               | webp,q_...
               | 
               | [1] https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Huanan+Seafood+Market
               | ,+Fazha...
               | 
               | It's not at all far-fetched to think the virus
               | piggybacked 10 miles before finding a nice home for
               | itself at a wet market, after which it went gangbusters
               | and infected lots of people. Obviously the virus
               | proliferated in the market, but that doesn't necessarily
               | make the market the origin. The two bottom 'Weibo data'
               | maps from the first link show clusters on both sides of
               | the rivers and also very close to the lab.
               | 
               | That's just the most obvious bit of bias, but I'm
               | confident that article isn't being as fair-handed as it's
               | pretending to be.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | You do realize that your two points are in direct
               | contradiction?
               | 
               | You're mad at the author for not pointing out the WIV
               | (Which had 0 confirmed cases anywhere near it until much
               | later in the pandemic which is what the two bottom charts
               | are referring to) but then you also grant that it looks
               | like the market was the center of spread?
               | 
               | In any case, they directly address this;
               | 
               | > _Importantly, even pneumonia cases that had no
               | association whatsoever with the market (no work, travel,
               | visits, or contacts there) still centered around the
               | Huanan market and could not have been subject to
               | ascertainment bias. The market was the only place in
               | Wuhan where early cases had a clear association. There
               | are no other epidemiological links to any other place in
               | the city, other clusters only started forming later in
               | Jan-Feb (Weibo data, shown above) and became more
               | representative of the city's population density._
               | 
               | > _It is worth mentioning here that the Wuhan Institute
               | of Virology (the alleged 'escape' laboratory working on
               | CoVs, not shown in map) is located on the other side of
               | the Yangtze River, South West of the Dong Hu lake, more
               | than 16km away from the Huanan market, and no sickness
               | clusters of cases were shown anywhere close in December
               | 2019._
               | 
               | As for:
               | 
               | > _It 's not at all far-fetched to think the virus
               | piggybacked 10 miles before finding a nice home for
               | itself at a wet market, after which it went gangbusters
               | and infected lots of people._
               | 
               | You still need to explain how there are two distinct
               | lineages at the market among the first cases!
               | 
               | Picking and choosing one data point to be skeptical of is
               | useless, the totality of the evidence needs to be
               | weighed.
        
               | pbreit wrote:
               | Two lineages does not preclude a lab leak. And only B was
               | centered at the market. The market hypothesis is lacking.
        
               | byecomputer wrote:
               | > You're mad at the author for not pointing out the WIV
               | 
               | Yes, an article comparing two possible originating
               | locations should obviously show both on that graphic
               | (especially when both places are well-within the frame of
               | the image); I can't see any good reason for the author to
               | have omitted that.
               | 
               | > but then you also grant that it looks like the market
               | was the center of spread
               | 
               | Yes. And that's not contradictory to the lab leak idea,
               | because people aren't trees and they go places after
               | work. I think it's entirely reasonable to hypothesize
               | that the virus escaped from the lab on a person and ended
               | up successfully taking root in a less-than-sanitary wet
               | market just across the river. If two-headed turtles
               | started showing up at a Popeye's 20 minutes away from the
               | Turtle Experiment Laboratory, would you say that Popeye's
               | was the source of the two-headed turtles?
               | 
               | > You still need to explain how there are two distinct
               | lineages at the market among the first cases!
               | 
               | Again, there's no reason both theories can't be true
               | here. The caged, dirty animals definitely seemed to be
               | the virus' first stronghold, but that doesn't mean that
               | the new bat virus couldn't have come from the New Bat
               | Virus Laboratory 20 minutes away from the wet market.
               | 
               | > Picking and choosing one data point to be skeptical of
               | is useless, the totality of the evidence needs to be
               | weighed.
               | 
               | My point is that it made the bias of the author nakedly
               | apparent. It's an pro-wet-market argument piece, not an
               | objective look.
        
             | themitigating wrote:
             | Is each theory equal in terms of probability based on the
             | evidence? That's much more important than stating that both
             | could be true
        
               | pb9494 wrote:
        
               | kristjansson wrote:
               | GIGO
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | acdha wrote:
             | > I feel few people actually have legitimate scientific
             | interest in discovering the truth. Either theory is
             | perfectly viable given the evidence we currently have.
             | 
             | This has been extensively investigated by scientists - it'd
             | be a career making move if you could prove something that
             | juicy! - but the problem is that the conclusions aren't
             | completely certain but rather comparing probability & the
             | limited evidence to conclude that the lab leak hypothesis
             | is increasingly unlikely. That doesn't make the news and it
             | especially won't convince conspiracy theorists when there's
             | a raging political battle.
        
               | thereddaikon wrote:
               | Scientists aren't going to prove lab leak one way or the
               | other because the evidence isn't going to be in the virus
               | itself.
               | 
               | The for or against lies with the lab and the staff
               | working there and the PRC is not going to allow an open
               | and honest investigation to either prove or discount it.
               | 
               | So unless it can be proven to have come from somewhere
               | else, you are likely never going to settle whether it was
               | lab leak.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | But we've pretty much established that it was a virus of
               | natural origin - all of our molecular techniques leave
               | signs, so an honest discussion would foreclose that
               | possibility. That doesn't eliminate the possibility that
               | it was a natural virus which had been collected and
               | subsequently escaped due to bad lab technique but the
               | former is too attractive a conspiracy theory to let go..
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | Modern molecular techniques don't really have to leave
               | signs. Indeed scientists synthesised a copy of sars-cov-2
               | from the sequence data a few months after the sequence
               | was published:
               | 
               | "it is possible for researchers to reconstruct the virus
               | in a lab, using either fragments of virus from patients,
               | or fragments of DNA that are synthesised chemically by
               | biotech companies. "
               | https://www.varsity.co.uk/science/19172
               | 
               | It seems you can basically type any sequence you want and
               | have it made up.
        
               | cameldrv wrote:
               | This is not true. Ralph Baric developed (and patented) a
               | seamless technique to assemble coronaviruses in 2002 [1].
               | Baric was a close collaborator of the Coronavirus group
               | at WIV.
               | 
               | Since then there has been even more progress. Since 2015
               | or so it's been possible to "print" DNA of any sequence.
               | 
               | In fact as COVID started to spread in China and the
               | sequence was released, a Swiss lab used this technology
               | to print the genome of SARS2, inject it into some yeast
               | cells, and voila, you have the virus. They wrote this up
               | in Nature [2].
               | 
               | If you wanted to change a naturally sampled virus using
               | this technique, say, to insert a Furin site, swap out an
               | RBD, whatever, you can literally do it with a text editor
               | and copy and paste.
               | 
               | [1] https://patents.google.com/patent/US7279327B2/en
               | 
               | [2] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2294-9
        
               | byecomputer wrote:
               | > insert a Furin site, swap out an RBD, whatever, you can
               | literally do it with a text editor and copy and paste.
               | 
               | Saved a lot of money this year making Covid-19 at home
               | using the SARS viruses I already have. Takes like 2
               | seconds
        
               | scarmig wrote:
               | > That doesn't eliminate the possibility that it was a
               | natural virus which had been collected and subsequently
               | escaped due to bad lab technique but the former is too
               | attractive a conspiracy theory to let go..
               | 
               | For some reason most discussions claiming that the lab
               | leak hypothesis is a conspiracy theory focus 90% of their
               | effort arguing against being a bioengineered weapon and
               | little time arguing against the actual strongest lab leak
               | hypothesis: a zoonotic virus was collected and brought to
               | a virology lab, where it was passed through humanized
               | mice, a worker contracted it, and accidentally spread it
               | in the city the virology lab was based.
               | 
               | The fact that people can pick out whackadoodles in
               | Congress who argue for stupid theories doesn't make the
               | strong theory weaker.
        
               | chasil wrote:
               | What I will tell you is a thing that I have read, and I
               | hold close:
               | 
               | Forgive one another, and you will be forgiven.
               | 
               | In order to forgive, we must have the truth. Without it,
               | we are in a fog of blind judgement and accusation.
               | 
               | Clarity of the source of this misfortune allows us to
               | forgive.
               | 
               | I cannot say that I hold the full pantheon of the origin
               | of these words to be true, but the four books that
               | imparted this teaching to me have left an indelible
               | imprint, and I cannot escape their mercy, justice, and
               | hope.
               | 
               | I have read many other books, of course, and I believe in
               | compassion. Though great calamity has befallen us, we
               | might find any who have acted wrongly to be worthy of
               | forgiveness.
               | 
               | When we grow beyond apprehension of recrimination, blind
               | to fear of punishment for a cataclysm caused by ourselves
               | and others, and only seek to salve our unwilling harm,
               | perhaps then we will be able to say "move!" to a
               | mountain, and it will move.
               | 
               | Yes, I have loved these books. Sometimes, they are my
               | only solace.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | They're not going to have a video of it jumping, no, but
               | they can look as probabilities as they've done. This has
               | ruled out the bioweapon theory which got a lot of chatter
               | a couple years ago, and it's shown that zoonotic origin
               | is heavily favored as the likely candidate. That doesn't
               | rule out something like a natural virus infecting a
               | worker who made a lab safety error but it hasn't made
               | that look extremely likely, either.
               | 
               | For anyone honest, the big question here is how we
               | prevent this from happening again. The conclusions seem
               | pretty solid: be careful about pushing humans into wild
               | animal populations, better surveillance for emerging
               | diseases, and continue pouring money into research on
               | things like rapid test and vaccine development so
               | response times can shrink.
        
           | arinlen wrote:
           | > _Most of the "evidence" against lab-leak is just weird
           | insinuation._
           | 
           | Trying to refute evidence rejecting a theory is not
           | equivalent to proving a theory, though. It's just broken
           | reasoning.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_conclusion_from_a_.
           | ..
        
           | bayesian_horse wrote:
           | You don't understand biology. It is possible to date the
           | divergence of genomes using a genetic clock. So they know if
           | those spike proteins had been recombinated.
           | 
           | Serial passage in mice can't be ruled out but is quite out
           | there. Lots of theories can't be completely ruled out, but
           | wild speculation like that is not very productive.
           | 
           | For the lab-leak theory to be true, a "pandemicable" zoonotic
           | virus (a VERY rare thing) has to somehow make it into a lab
           | undetected. Additionally and alternatively scientists have to
           | undergo something like this "serial mice passage". Which is
           | not proven that it could work. And then they would need to
           | somehow let the virus escape through an accident even though
           | they knew it could be dangerous. And it would have to
           | accidentally be able to infect Humans extremely well (which
           | is a tall ask still). It's just... highly improbable.
        
             | pbreit wrote:
             | Less probable than such a coronavirus originating in Wuhan
             | of all places?
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | The WIV was in Wuhan due to the proximity of
               | coronaviruses and other bat-borne diseases like
               | rhabdovirusus.. this line of logic is akin to blaming
               | shark research centers in South Africa for nearby
               | attacks.
        
             | dpbriggs wrote:
             | > For the lab-leak theory to be true, a "pandemicable"
             | zoonotic virus (a VERY rare thing) has to somehow make it
             | into a lab undetected.
             | 
             | That's not a necessary condition and it's ridiculous to
             | think that's the only hinge by which the hypothesis stands.
             | Another far more plausible idea is that a mistake occurred
             | somewhere and it was covered up. This has occurred before
             | in authoritarian regimes before.
             | 
             | An input to a molecular clock is a mutation rate, which I
             | imagine would be hard to quantify given the unknown source
             | and the possibility of gain of function research.
        
               | bayesian_horse wrote:
               | Of course it is a necessary condition. In order to leak
               | from the lab, the virus has to be collected and be
               | propagated in the lab. And all the rest isn't plausible
               | if they knew the bat virus they had in their vials had
               | the potential to cause a pandemic. But it must have had
               | some rare "talent" that was as yet undiscovered.
               | Otherwise nothing of the "lab leak" hypothesis makes
               | sense. You can't "gain-of-function" just any virus and
               | end up with a killer pandemic.
               | 
               | You can interpret a molecular clock or a phylogenetic
               | tree qualitatively, and you would expect to see multiple
               | samples with the protein in question, but which have
               | individually acquired so many mutations that they must
               | have diverged before the dynamic. That would mean the
               | protein sequence in question predates the pandemic by a
               | long shot, unless you think the Wuhan lab tested the
               | Virus in Laos...
        
               | dpbriggs wrote:
               | I guess the disagreement is around the word "undetected".
               | It's possible some failure was covered up and I trust the
               | Chinese government to be capable enough to do that.
               | 
               | > virus has to be collected and be propagated in the lab
               | 
               | That's a weaker statement than the one I replied to. I'm
               | referring to the how it's necessary that it needs to a
               | "pandemicable" virus that enters a lab "undetected" and I
               | guess leaves the lab "undetected". There's several
               | possible ways the virus could have made it into Wuhan:
               | 
               | - Improper handling occurs somewhere in transporting the
               | samples from bat caves (w/e) to the lab.
               | 
               | - Improper handling of samples in the lab.
               | 
               | - Improper disposal of samples in the lab.
               | 
               | - Entering a more speculative area; bat samples are used
               | in experiments and improper handling or disposal occurs.
               | 
               | - Deeper into speculation: Improper handling/disposal of
               | viruses used in gain of function research.
               | 
               | And when any of the above occurs, use the state's
               | staggering power to cover it up.
               | 
               | > You can interpret a molecular clock or a phylogenetic
               | tree qualitatively
               | 
               | I'm sure that could work but I imagine the error bars are
               | quite wide as otherwise that's definitive proof and we
               | wouldn't be discussing this online.
               | 
               | > unless you think the Wuhan lab tested the Virus in Laos
               | 
               | Nice attempt at absurd rhetoric. Strengthens the argument
               | doesn't it?
        
               | chiefalchemist wrote:
               | > covered up. This has occurred before in authoritarian
               | regimes before.
               | 
               | To be fair, cover ups aren't exclusive to authoritarian
               | regimes.
               | 
               | Futhermore, in this case, The West seems to be willingly
               | and shamelessly towing the Communist Party line. Can we
               | add conspiracy to the smell being given off?
               | 
               | Science should be obcessed with truth. Geez. Looks like
               | science isn't immune to cover ups and conspiracy either.
               | 
               | "What is the source?" will take a place next to "Who
               | killed JFK?".
               | 
               | p.s. Slightly off topic, but off the media sources
               | mentioned (e.g., CNN) how much of their revenue comes
               | from Big Pharma or Big X that wouldn't fare well if lab
               | leak could be supported?
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | JFK was an obvious government coverup not sure why you
               | would choose to group the two.
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | Obvious?
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | I like that the two sibling comments above are
               | "Obviously, everyone knows {polar opposites}."
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | To be totally honest I don't even believe in my comment
               | but it felt like the right retort, I have literally know
               | clue what OP is saying. Can you flag balderdash?
        
               | neaden wrote:
               | You know we know exactly who killed JFK and it's not
               | controversial by anyone who seriously looks into it
               | right?
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | What does "date divergence of genomes using a genetic
             | clock"? I am curious to learn about such a tecnology. If
             | you mean https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_clock that
             | is highly non-quantitative.
        
               | bayesian_horse wrote:
               | It is quite quantitative, just not very precise. Good
               | enough to tell you if a Virus emerged more than a couple
               | of years ago or not.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | Can you give me a link to a good example of that
               | (ideally, non-covid)? my understanding is that it's only
               | good for relative rates over evolutionary time so I'd
               | like to see a counterexample.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | It's a completely common technique - the same way we're
               | tracing the current Monkeypox outbreak.
               | 
               | https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-
               | events/epidemiological-up...
               | 
               | And is useful from an anthropological perspective on
               | older outbreaks, also for Monkeypox;
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-92315-8
               | 
               | The rate of mutations, especially for a virus as
               | transmissible as Covid is a very strong signal.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | Thanks- personally, based on my experience in functional
               | genomics, they have far too many assumptions to be
               | trusted as "clocks", even relative ones.
               | 
               | Here's the second paper's methods: a molecular clock
               | signal was estimated on the ML tree using TempEst v1.532.
               | BEAST v1.10.433 was used for Bayesian MCMC analysis to
               | estimate temporal nodes. As recommended in Patrono et
               | al., we selected the simplest model: strict clock and
               | constant population size with a HKY substitution model
               | and four Gamma categories7. An MCMC model was run with
               | 50,000,000 generations and a burn-in of 25,000 sampled
               | trees. All other parameters were by default. BEAST
               | executions were completed checking chain convergence and
               | sufficient sampling of the posterior space (ESS > 200)
               | with Tracer v1.7.1. The final chronogram was generated
               | using TreeAnnotator v1.10.433.
               | 
               | I'd call these "time-scaled trees", not molecular clocks.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | Their accuracy is completely subject to stable mutation
               | rate and frequency of sample -- with that second paper,
               | they were working with ~10 samples from 15 years ago vs.
               | thousands of samples with hourly granularity and entirely
               | traceable transmission chains in the early days of Covid.
               | Completely different capabilities arise with Covid-level
               | specificity.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | Thanks, I'll have to give this some deep thought, it's
               | news to me that having that much more data gives you high
               | resolution in real time.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | It's more a matter of decreasing the error bars on the
               | rate of substitution, to have extremely specific dates
               | for the oldest infections in each clade and the ability
               | to run real-time backtesting to make sure your
               | assumptions are solid. The rate of spread of Covid was a
               | curse but was important to this type of work -- when we
               | were looking at contact tracing and trying to assess the
               | rate of substitution on mutations, it was useful to know
               | that e.g. on Jan 1st there was no Covid in NYC and on Feb
               | 1st there was.
        
             | uoaei wrote:
             | > "pandemicable" zoonotic virus (a VERY rare thing) has to
             | somehow make it into a lab undetected.
             | 
             | This is the opposite of what I understood the lab-leak
             | theory to be: that an initially-zoonotic virus was
             | identified and bred in a lab until someone working at that
             | lab with lax security standards accidentally brought it out
             | of the quarantine. This is plausible at face value.
             | 
             | I think a lot of the really extreme vitriolic reactions to
             | lab-leak theory are conflating it with the accusations that
             | a secret cabal purposefully engineered and released this
             | virus to sow harm and discord. But that's not at all the
             | connotation of "leak" IMO -- leak implies a lack of
             | intention.
        
               | bayesian_horse wrote:
               | There's a spectrum... The zoonotic virus would need to
               | have some rare "talent" to start with. Then there is the
               | ominous "breeding" part, which many people describe as
               | reckless or evil. In any case this isn't done in Humans
               | but rather some kind of humanized model (and it's not
               | clear that could work at all). Which is why it is quite a
               | coincidence or accident that this process would end with
               | a virus so well adapted to Humans that it is able to
               | cause a pandemic. It's like winning a chess tournament
               | after training for a Marathon.
               | 
               | It's only plausible if you know very little about
               | biology. Very few people who know a lot about viruses
               | believe that this is possible and even those usually say
               | the zoonosis hypothesis is more likely.
        
               | chiefalchemist wrote:
               | > It's only plausible if you know very little about
               | biology.
               | 
               | Not trolling, series question: what would these same ppl
               | say about the monkey pox outbreaks? Why now? Why so
               | random?
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | > Gain-of-function research is medical research that
               | genetically alters an organism in a way that may enhance
               | the biological functions of gene products. This may
               | include an altered pathogenesis, transmissibility, or
               | host range.
               | 
               | Isn't the goal to end up with an infectious agent? I
               | don't understand why it seems so implausible that they
               | would succeed? Why would someone give a lab money for a
               | truly impossible task?
        
           | peteradio wrote:
           | Don't fall into the trap of taking the opposite stance of bad
           | arguments.
        
       | kazz wrote:
       | > _As you may have guessed from our strange spelling, UnHerd aims
       | to do two things: to push back against the herd mentality with
       | new and bold thinking, and to provide a platform for otherwise
       | unheard ideas, people and places._
       | 
       | Ahh yes, definitely the mission statement of a reputable source.
        
         | barneygale wrote:
         | UnHerd has a following among conspiracy theorists, but its
         | journalism is pretty good! E.g. here's an interview with Sajid
         | Javid (UK minister for health)
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7yZZKlg-m8
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | This isn't journalism by contributors to Unherd - it's an
           | (unconvincing) OpEd published on Unherd by two people who are
           | promoting their book.
        
       | Fargoan wrote:
       | I would like to find all the comments of people saying it was
       | xenophobic or whatever bullshit to suggest it was a lab leak. And
       | then I can say "I told you so"
        
       | buttocks wrote:
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | This turns the issue into a political one and ignores any other
         | parties that might have been involved.
         | 
         | The only thing we should care to do at this point is learn as
         | much as we can about where the virus originated. Everything
         | else makes the task of finding the origin harder.
        
         | ok123456 wrote:
         | yes china bad. Thank you for your contribution to the
         | discussion.
        
         | pphysch wrote:
         | Weird non-sequitor. Chinese people don't obsess over and
         | celebrate those sad days just like American people don't obsess
         | over and celebrate the innumerable crises and human rights
         | abuses of their own, say, the MOVE bombing. A little empathy
         | goes a long way.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | knorker wrote:
       | What happened is that they are clearly lying to us, and they hold
       | all the evidence. What do you want us to do?
       | 
       | Either they're lying to cover up a lab leak, or they're lying up
       | to but not including about lab leak.
       | 
       | Multiple near-nuclear events happened during the cold war,
       | averted several times only by a single Soviet soldier using his
       | common sense. We didn't find out about that until much much
       | later.
       | 
       | Give it a few decades, and we can hope to find out.
       | 
       | Gulf on Tonkin, anyone?
       | 
       | It's not that I don't care, it's that it's not a fight I believe
       | can be won this decade.
        
       | SilverBirch wrote:
       | I think this article is a very good example of the sort of
       | pseudo-compelling argument. It's like one step along the road
       | between 4chan conspiracy to Tucker Carlson. It's lots of stuff
       | that sound like reasonable arguments, but are actually not. It
       | starts by couching itself in the actual concensus - other people
       | concluding that's a possibility! - Yes, that's true, but what
       | they're concluding as a possibility out of a cautious appraoch,
       | you're pushing as actually being true. Then they start marking
       | their own homework - we published our book and everyone
       | reasonable and smart said it was great, and everyone who
       | disagreed clearly didn't read it. Now we go to the greatest hits
       | - the big bad mainstream media.
       | 
       | Now we start mis-representing our opponents. All we want is an
       | open scientific debate! But it's too controversial! That might
       | not at all be true, but we're going to say it anyway. It might be
       | that the actual scientists decided that there weren't merits to
       | your argument to justify inviting you to debate it, but who cares
       | - let's just say they're afraid of controversy.
       | 
       | People are _threatened_ by our work. We 're not extremists! We're
       | moderates! We're perfectly reasonable people who are just going
       | to slip in this laundered conspiracy theory that Fauci funded the
       | Wuhan lab. But don't worry, let me quote this anonymous scientist
       | to back up every worst accusation you could make of scientists.
       | 
       | Everyone is covering this up because of vested interests you see!
       | If you look up the author you'll see that he comes from this as a
       | complete neutral outsider making cold-eyed judgements of the
       | evidence. He's definitely _not_ from the exact far right nutter
       | idealogue ecosystem that you 'd expect him to be from.
       | 
       | There's a nugget of truth in the article - the lab leak is
       | _possible_ as an explanation, and that China isn 't to be trusted
       | to investigate. There's _nothing_ in this article that actually
       | advances any evidence beyond that. The rest of it though is just
       | the same thinly veiled conspiracy theories that have been going
       | around since Trump going on about  "The Chinese Virus".
        
         | choward wrote:
         | Do you realize how ridiculous this sounds to someone who isn't
         | partisan and doesn't watch mainstream media? Besides the
         | blatant lies like saying Fauci didn't fund the wuhan lab you
         | use political terms like labeling people right wingers because
         | they don't agree with you. That's the same strategy as the
         | mainstream media you are defending. Then you mock people for
         | wanting an actual debate. You need to get out of your bubble.
         | Stop mindlessly believing everything you see on CNN without
         | question.
        
           | SilverBirch wrote:
           | The guy writes an article accusing _everyone_ who disagree
           | with him of being corrupt and you take offence to me calling
           | him right wing? Bizarre.
           | 
           | Here's the problem- you accuse me of mindlessly believing CNN
           | (no idea what that had to do with anything, both I and the
           | author are British) but the truth is that I'm just applying
           | the same level of scrutiny to the author as you would have me
           | apply to CNN.
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | Note this also:
         | 
         | >> Imagine if the accidental launch of a nuclear missile had
         | killed 21 million people. It's hard to believe the world would
         | shrug and say: let's not bother finding out how it happened.
         | 
         | In other words, somebody did this and we have to find out who
         | it was!
         | 
         | So much about just asking questions, I guess.
        
       | mlcrypto wrote:
        
         | mikestew wrote:
         | _It has been proven true by anyone with common sense._
         | 
         | I've heard enough bullshit passed off as "it's just common
         | sense" that anytime I hear someone use that as an argument, I
         | take it to mean they don't have any argument other than the
         | random thoughts rattling around in their head.
         | 
         | That's not to say I don't think the hypothesis didn't have some
         | merit. But I could just as easily "it's just common sense" the
         | other side of the argument, too.
        
           | alkjl4l4tl wrote:
        
           | Siira wrote:
           | The Bayes theorem suggests an overwhelming probability that
           | the virus was leaked, just by it being located near such a
           | big lab. Further evidence has actually bolstered the lab leak
           | hypothesis. So it seems correct to say that it is common
           | sense to believe in the hypothesis, unless you believe lab
           | leaks are extremely rare.
        
       | ldjkfkdsjnv wrote:
        
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