[HN Gopher] The Return of Industrial Warfare
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Return of Industrial Warfare
        
       Author : paganel
       Score  : 54 points
       Date   : 2022-06-23 19:28 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (rusi.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (rusi.org)
        
       | pm90 wrote:
       | Maybe unpopular opinion: Its actually good that we may not have
       | the industrial capacity to supply large scale conflicts for great
       | lengths of time.
       | 
       | There's a simple solution to prevent conflicts like the one in
       | Ukraine: expand NATO membership. It has turned out to be a n
       | effective tool at preventing land wars in Europe.
        
         | LAC-Tech wrote:
         | If you put on your realist hat, there are two options.
         | 
         | One is for NATO (or another European military alliance) to be
         | so powerful and cohesive in their relations to Russia, that
         | Russia have no choice but to deal with it. This was presumably
         | the false assumption that lead to the current war. (I really,
         | really hope it was a false assumption).
         | 
         | The other option would have been to thaw relations, perhaps
         | acquiescing to a few demands and showing more compromise. Say
         | what you want about Russia - and there's a lot bad to say. But
         | much worse actors have received much nicer treatment by the
         | west. Think about everything that's been done to accommodate
         | China since the end of the cold war, to say nothing of the
         | likes of Saudi Arabia.
         | 
         | Instead a middle path was picked, and now we have war.
        
         | corrral wrote:
         | - Expanding membership of a mutual-defense alliance is risky.
         | If you let someone in who's good at picking fights, you can end
         | up in a situation that you really didn't want to, and that may
         | not have happened in the first place if they hadn't had the
         | treaty to make them feel more secure with e.g. brinksmanship.
         | 
         | - Shifts in political alignment of members can, similarly, do
         | strange things and lead to bad situations. Take Hungary--right
         | now they just look maybe just a _tad_ down the path toward
         | authoritarianism, but what if that turned into a civil war?
         | What if the government that you 're allied with gets into a bit
         | of the good ol' genocide? Serb/albanian type situation, or
         | maybe just your run of the mill widespread political purges? On
         | the one hand there's some moral obligation to intervene, plus
         | the legitimate interests of neighboring states in countering
         | severe violence and instability in their vicinity; on the other
         | hand now you and anyone else who's considering intervention, in
         | the alliance or not, has a bit of a dilemma on their hands. It
         | complicates an already complicated situation.
         | 
         | - As an alliance grows stronger it invites reaction from
         | opponents. This doesn't make those reactions "right" (I'm very
         | aware that this is one argument for why Russia invaded) but
         | it's a fact. The reaction needn't be war, but might be creation
         | or expansion of opposing alliances. Larger alliances, more
         | shared borders in more places... that's a recipe for world war.
         | 
         | Every member you add is, in a sense, a long-term liability and
         | threat to the stability of the alliance. These arrangements are
         | _not_ purely beneficial, in practice, including for members.
        
         | WillPostForFood wrote:
         | _There's a simple solution to prevent conflicts like the one in
         | Ukraine: expand NATO membership_
         | 
         | I agree, but it is too late to do any good for Ukraine now. We
         | need to industrially produce an end to the conflict, or give it
         | over to Russia.
        
         | negus wrote:
         | Did this simple solution prevent a war between two NATO members
         | (Greece and Turkey) in past?
        
           | gambiting wrote:
           | No, but it has prevented anyone attacking NATO countries from
           | outside. It is not a solution for NATO countries fighting
           | each other, however.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | gunfighthacksaw wrote:
         | But that would undermine Russia's security to invade
         | neighbouring countries, install kleptocrats and subjugate the
         | population! You can't just have a unified bloc of prosperous,
         | (mostly) democratic countries right there; how scandalous! /s
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | Lowest-cost scenario: No capacity to fight a large-scale war;
         | no need to fight a large-scale war.
         | 
         | Lower-middle-cost scenario: Capacity to fight a large-scale
         | war; no need to fight a large-scale war.
         | 
         | Upper-middle-cost scenario: Capacity to fight a large-scale
         | war; a need to fight a large-scale war.
         | 
         | Highest-cost scenario: No capacity to fight a large-scale war;
         | a need to fight a large-scale war.
         | 
         | (It'd be nice if NATO memberships were magical anti-war
         | talismans. The reality is far more complex.)
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > expand NATO membership
         | 
         | How could the cause of a conflict be the solution to preventing
         | that conflict? Doing almost anything _except_ attempting to
         | expand NATO membership would have prevented the conflict in
         | Ukraine.
        
           | wbl wrote:
           | No it would not have. Ukrainian protest in 2014 was driven by
           | wanting EU membership and trade ties. Russia responded with
           | an invasion.
        
             | ceeplusplus wrote:
             | Russia responded with an invasion because an EU state on
             | their border would be like Mexico being an ally of China on
             | the border of the US. Not saying Russian actions in the war
             | haven't been despicable but if this happened to the US they
             | would invade too.
             | 
             | I think the most likely outcome of this war is Ukraine gets
             | split into 2 buffer states, one as a client to Russia and
             | the other as a client to the EU/US. US can't afford to
             | spend the hundreds of billions it would take for Ukraine to
             | win (1000's of tanks, artillery pieces, IFVs, etc) and
             | Putin can't back down now or he'll lose face and be toppled
             | from leadership.
        
               | spamizbad wrote:
               | I'm not sure if you've been paying attention to the
               | current political situation in Mexico but AMLO has no
               | problem strengthening ties to various countries that
               | "threaten" US interests. And he's free to do so! Mexico
               | is a sovereign country and is allowed to build diplomatic
               | bridges to any nation it chooses. It would be completely
               | inappropriate for the US try an annex Baja California or
               | something in retaliation.
               | 
               | Just imagine if the international community took a firmer
               | line on the US during GWOT - half a million lives
               | could've been saved.
               | 
               | Edit: Was the US justified in fomenting death squads
               | Latin America because those countries embraced socialism
               | against the wishes of the United States? No? Then why is
               | Russia entitled to a full-scale invasion over Ukraine's
               | western aspirations?
        
               | jonnybgood wrote:
               | There are already EU and NATO member states that border
               | Russia and haven't been an issue for Russia. Russia/Putin
               | in all likelihood really invaded because they believe
               | Ukraine is ran by Nazis.
        
               | ceeplusplus wrote:
               | You don't really think Putin believes that? Pretty sure
               | that's just Russian propaganda for their domestic
               | audience to justify the invasion. The real reason is
               | preventing a EU ally on their border and gaining access
               | to the gas fields in the Black Sea.
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | _" You don't really think Putin believes that?"_
               | 
               | He seems to. Putin's clear goal is "Make the Russian
               | Empire Great Again". He's been grumbling since the fall
               | of the USSR that, for the first time in centuries, Russia
               | is a second-rate, "or even a third-rate" power. He wants
               | to turn that around. His role model is Peter the Great.
               | His model of world power is the 19th century, when the
               | British Empire, the Imperial German Empire, the Austria-
               | Hungarian Empire, the Russian Empire, and France had
               | multiple medium-sized wars over land.
               | 
               | This is a guy who was personally hammered by the fall of
               | the USSR. The USSR had huge national security
               | organizations and most of them were laid off. Putin
               | himself was driving a cab for a while around 1990.
               | There's a mindset amongst the former national security
               | tough guys that they are supposed to be in charge. Now
               | they are again. The strong rule; the weak cower. Such is
               | the way of the world.
               | 
               | Post-USSR capitalism was a disaster for Russia. People
               | starved. The population dropped. That produced demand for
               | a "strong leader", a long-standing theme in Russia. Weak
               | Russian leaders have been disasters. (Kerensky,
               | Gorbachev, etc.) Now, Russia again has a strong leader
               | who bows to no one. Putin is popular.
               | 
               | He can't afford to lose a war, though. Russian leaders
               | who lose wars do not live long. He wouldn't survive to
               | retire to a golf course in a warm climate.
               | 
               | This is hugely oversimplified, and someone who knows more
               | Russian history could do much better.
        
               | 13415 wrote:
               | No, this is not about Nazis. Putin simply always
               | considered Ukraine to be part of Russia's legitimate
               | "sphere of influence" and tried to steer it into becoming
               | a pro-Russian vassal state. It's part of his incorrect
               | views as a hobby historian. As a psychopath, or at least
               | sociopath, he calculated that the 2014 invasion would not
               | meet any strong resistance and was right. So he
               | calculated in 2022 that grabbing more territory would
               | work, too, and was wrong.
               | 
               | The problem with dictators like Putin is that they
               | _always_ overestimate their own judgments and nobody
               | tells them when they 're wrong. You could be the smartest
               | guy of the world, if you run a whole country, are
               | insanely rich, and constantly surround yourself with Yes-
               | men, then your perception of reality will fail at some
               | point. It's inevitable.
        
           | verve_rat wrote:
           | Bullshit.
        
           | JanSolo wrote:
           | I think you're being facetious here. NATO expansion was
           | Russias stated cause of the Ukrainian Conflict. However,
           | Putin's statements since then have made it clear that the
           | real objective is more of an ideological one. He wants to
           | expand and build into a sort of neo-russian empire. Ukraine
           | was considered the easiest target because of the ongoing
           | Donbass conflict. However it could easily have been Georgia,
           | Khazakstan, Azerbaijan or others.
        
           | BiteCode_dev wrote:
           | If Ukraine had been in NATO, Russia wouldn't have invaded.
           | 
           | They did because Ukraine was in the verge of joining, knowing
           | that once it was done, they would not be able to attack
           | anymore.
           | 
           | Plus, NATO being historically a shield, not a sword, Russia
           | stance was basically the equivalent of stating "to look for
           | safety or we kick your ass".
        
             | dmitrygr wrote:
             | > was in the verge of joining
             | 
             | Where did you get this incorrect information? Joining NATO
             | non-negotiably requires checking a few boxes, one of which
             | is having all your borders settled and under no dispute.
             | Ukraine did not fit this requirement and thus could not
             | have been on the verge of any such thing.
        
             | LAC-Tech wrote:
             | NATOs operations have frequently involved air campaigns
             | against states that pose no direct threat to any of its
             | members. Quite a bizarre shield.
             | 
             | You can tell me the operations were justified. I'm yet to
             | be convinced that the Russian regime should not feel
             | threatened by them.
        
           | soperj wrote:
           | What caused Russia to invade Georgia in 2008 then?
        
             | dmpk2k wrote:
             | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/apr/01/nato.georgia
             | 
             | Five months later the Georgia war happened.
        
               | corrral wrote:
               | There's... a bit more background than that. Russian
               | activity to fracture the country and outright threats of
               | resolving the situation with military force, date back
               | years before Georgia sought NATO membership, and indeed,
               | before the '03 pro-western shift in their government.
               | Which, gee, I wonder why they might have decided they
               | want allies opposed to Russia.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | omginternets wrote:
         | It's only a good thing if nobody develops these capabilities
         | unilaterally.
        
         | barry-cotter wrote:
         | > Its actually good that we may not have the industrial
         | capacity to supply large scale conflicts for great lengths of
         | time.
         | 
         | If WW1 Germany and France had the industrial capacity then any
         | modern developed country does. The dislocation will just be
         | more wrenching. Dislocation can include losing the war.
        
       | aftbit wrote:
       | History shows that peacetime nations frequently underestimate the
       | cost of war. If you haven't seen them yet, Perun on YouTube has
       | done a number of good videos on the economics of war & the Russo-
       | Ukranian conflict in particular.
       | 
       | Here's one in particular that deals a bit with ammo shortages:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2ptG1IxZ08
        
         | skmurphy wrote:
         | The Perun video series is well researched and well presented.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | Id love to see a full accounting of the War on Terror.
         | Trillions of dollars spent, millions of lives impacted, and for
         | what.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | > Trillions of dollars spent, millions of lives impacted, and
           | for what
           | 
           | 1 - trillions of dollars funneled to friends in the defense
           | industry
           | 
           | 2 - fear induced in gullible sections of the populace to make
           | them easier to gull.
           | 
           | Mission accomplished!
        
       | spywaregorilla wrote:
       | I'm not convinced. This is a weird war. Russia has an enormous
       | supply of really shitty vehicles, indifference to losing tens of
       | thousands of soldiers, and indifference to slaughtering civilians
       | at will. Dumb artillery and cheap shells are a good solution for
       | this. Will we ever see such a situation again? Russia is the only
       | country that can do this as far as I can tell.
       | 
       | This is a war in large part being fought with tech from 50 years
       | ago. The new stuff is only just reaching the front. I'm not sure
       | how relevant the lessons to be learned are.
       | 
       | The javelins are a weird case. Yeah they probably did burn
       | through javelins quickly. That'll happen if your enemy is
       | careless with its troops and tanks. We can still make javelins a
       | lot faster than Russia can make tanks, they just had a lot of
       | tanks to begin with. We're now seeing russia roll out tanks from
       | 60's. I'm inclined to believe that supply is rapidly running out.
        
         | golemiprague wrote:
        
         | topspin wrote:
         | > I'm not convinced.
         | 
         | Me either. Seems like this article characterized about the last
         | month of the conflict. Things are about to change.
         | 
         | Precision weapons are arriving, with trained crews and Western
         | ammo supply. By the end of June being a Russian artillery crew
         | anywhere near the front in Ukraine will be a _bad_ idea with
         | HIMARS crews hunting you. Then UK M270s come online. German
         | MARS GMLRS are apparently on the horizon as well. German PzH
         | 2000 will be firing on Russians by about end of this week.
         | 
         | Added up this should blunt the one meaningful advantage the
         | Russian's still have; massed cold war artillery. Take that away
         | and what's left besides nukes? A horde of undersupplied Russian
         | contract soldiers and whatever remains of their stock of PGMs.
         | That's not sufficient to defeat Ukraine.
        
         | mrelectric wrote:
         | I would guess they're simply clearing the stock
        
         | fock wrote:
         | well, if you look at GDP, russias industry is about the same
         | size as the one of Germany. Germany has a lot less workers (and
         | gas ;)) for that amount of $ and they produce millions of cars.
         | I guess Russia (which I don't know for any consumable
         | industrial output) might be able to produce quite a few tanks
         | (also look at numbers e.g. for BMP-3, which were all produced
         | after 1990).
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | Russian manufacturers rely on foreign imports to make both
           | tanks and cars
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/business/us-official-says-export-
           | cur...
           | 
           | Which seems to be supported by russian car sales falling off
           | a cliff, though not anything 1:1 as those cars would have
           | included imported cars too
           | 
           | https://www.intellinews.com/russia-s-car-sales-drop-84-in-
           | po...
           | 
           | Things like artillery shells are probably fine for them to
           | continue to produce in large quantities unfortunately. It's
           | hard to estimate how many working vehicles russia has because
           | a lot of them are poorly maintained, or missing parts or
           | whatever. A lot of early analysis suggested many russian
           | tanks were either lacking a gunner or the main gun just
           | didn't work.
           | 
           | Wikipedia suggests russia should have comissioned 700 BMP-3
           | units for itself. Open source intel has confirmed losses of
           | 109 of them. I would tend to tack on about 30%. How many of
           | the remaining 560 are out there? A good question.
           | 
           | A more useful answer might be what do we actually see russia
           | using in the field to get a better clue.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | > well, if you look at GDP, russias industry is about the
           | same size as the one of Germany.
           | 
           | On a nominal basis Russia's economy is less than half
           | Germany's and not much larger than Australia's. On PPP basis
           | it's closer to Germany, but the industries of all three
           | countries depend on foreign imports (Russia's especially) so
           | PPP is less useful when considering industrial production.
        
           | nemo wrote:
           | Germany's GDP: 3.8 trillion USD Russia's GDP: 1.4 trillion
           | USD
           | 
           | they're not that close in size...
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | An excellent article when it comes to throwing a dry fact into
       | the face.
       | 
       | An even greater commentary been provided by this tweet:
       | https://twitter.com/kamilkazani/status/1539623100144295936
       | 
       | How did America pump out liberty ships faster than even China can
       | build ships today during the WW2?
       | 
       | US military production was a byproduct of its great civilian
       | heavy industry. US tanks, ships, airplanes, bomber, guns were
       | mostly made by factories repurposed from making civilian goods.
       | So when the demand for them waned, so did the raw military
       | potential. This was in contract to USSR, where civilian
       | manufacturing was a byproduct of weapon production.
       | 
       | American military planners knew that all well during the late
       | cold war, and its pursuit of "smart weapons" was an attempt to
       | substitute quality for quantity, and capitalise on American
       | leadership in electronics. This paid out extremely well. Even
       | first generation smart munitions were many times more efficient.
       | 
       | After the Cold War, US peacetime military planning started to
       | stagnate, and finally disappeared due to obsession with "special
       | operations" during the War on Terror, and military procurement
       | becoming a business like operation. By only allowing expensive
       | toys winning procurement competitions, the military pigeonholed
       | itself into extremely uncompetitive purchasing position.
       | 
       | While USA has no rivals in arms exports for things like fighter
       | jets, nearly no brand new weapon systems developed after year
       | 2000 are bought by US allies. As you see even now, most bought US
       | hardware today is still from the Cold War era, which is a proof
       | of the above. Look at the super expensive titanium M777 howitzer:
       | they wanted to restart its production recently, but... surprise!
       | They have to buy its titanium from Russia. F35's titanium
       | bulkheads are now turning into a similar issue.
       | 
       | US electronics is no longer an edge for its military industry,
       | and more likely a liability. What however the West can deny
       | China, and Russia are high grade machine tools, and other
       | implements for the heavy industry: modern Chinese steel industry
       | was built by Dutch, car industry by Germans and Italians,
       | materials by Japan, electronics assembly by Taiwanese, and heavy
       | machinery by Koreans.
        
       | yborg wrote:
       | This points out the fact that ceding your technical manufacturing
       | base to other countries, especially your possible enemies, is
       | good way to lose geopolitical relevance in a hurry. The implicit
       | assumption has always been that nuclear weapons trump everything,
       | but realistically this only is useful if an enemy believes you
       | are willing to invoke Armageddon to resolve a conflict. Is the US
       | going to risk annihilation over Taiwan? If the answer is 'no',
       | then relative conventional combat strength will determine the
       | victor, and when your opponent owns your industrial base, you
       | have already lost.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mormegil wrote:
         | Yeah, this is basically the stability/instability paradox.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stability%E2%80%93instability_...
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | For all the article's talk about military supply businesses
       | closing down when the government isn't regularly buying enough,
       | it fails to mention the long history of government-owned,
       | government-operated armories and arsenals. Most major nations
       | developed, maintained, and operated those, for _centuries_.
       | Because staying ready to produce arms and ammunition - at scale,
       | when needed - was always a poor fit for private industry.
       | 
       | EDIT: Add one simple example - "The Springfield Armory, more
       | formally known as the United States Armory and Arsenal at
       | Springfield located in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts,
       | was the primary center for the manufacture of United States
       | military firearms from 1777 until its closing in 1968. It was the
       | first federal armory and one of the first factories in the United
       | States dedicated to the manufacture of weapons." (
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_Armory )
        
       | otikik wrote:
       | > Luckily for the US, its gun culture ensured that small arms
       | ammunition industry has a civilian component in the US. This is
       | not the case with other types of ammunition, as shown earlier
       | with Javelin and Stinger missiles
       | 
       | I am trying to keep an open mind and see where this person is
       | coming from, but I don't think "Luckily" is the right word to
       | use. If I was feeling particularly charitable I would call it a
       | "Mixed bag".
       | 
       | It's a bit ridiculous, but imagine for a second if Javelin and
       | Stinger missiles did have a civilian component.
       | 
       | > If competition between autocracies and democracies has really
       | entered a military phase, then the arsenal of democracy must
       | radically improve its approach to the production of materiel in
       | wartime
       | 
       | That is _one_ option, there are others. We could, for example,
       | decide to take preventive economical measures against
       | autocracies, and thus preventing them from capital they could use
       | to build their own arsenal. Everyone having smaller arsenals is
       | good for everyone (except the Military Industrial complex, of
       | course).
        
         | musingsole wrote:
         | > imagine for a second if Javelin and Stinger missiles did have
         | a civilian component.
         | 
         | You mean if rocket clubs were free to pursue their interests to
         | a much further extent than the toys they're restricted to now?
         | Rockets don't always have to be weapons.
        
           | BiteCode_dev wrote:
           | Not to mention fireworks show it can be a perfectly safe
           | endeavor with the proper legal framework. Even kids can use
           | them.
           | 
           | No, I'm way more worried about the fact a terrorist could
           | come at my door with a tank at any moment and I have no way
           | to defend myself. And what if it's not a terrorist ? What if
           | I have to defend myself against the state itself ?
           | 
           | At least we should be able to equip the schools to protect
           | our children, if not directly our homes.
        
           | Arubis wrote:
           | Maybe those rocket clubs would benefit (in the narrow,
           | ignoring undesired side effects sense) by classifying their
           | toys as munitions and seeking support from the NRA. I know
           | there's folks that've wondered the same about protecting
           | encryption via that path rather than by trying to classify it
           | as protected speech.
           | 
           | I can't say I love the priorities and values our current
           | systems in the states represent.
        
         | palmetieri2000 wrote:
         | RE missiles and civilians (Non-US person here with a few
         | questions):
         | 
         | I've never really understood why citizens in the US aren't
         | allowed these items, if the fundamental purpose of the 2nd
         | Amendment is to allow the citizenry to fight tyranny then why
         | aren't the citizens allowed the appropriate arms to do so? How
         | are the laws that allow the US gov to exclude citizens from
         | owning these not 'un-constitutional'? I imagine the answer
         | probably lies somewhere in the "too much risk for accidents or
         | deliberate hostile use" territory.
         | 
         | I hope this isn't inflammatory, not my intention, given what we
         | continue to see re mass shootings, and the gun control
         | proposals that happen afterwards it seems a bit like you have
         | the worst of both worlds.
         | 
         | Put differently, there are enough citizen firearms with enough
         | firepower to facilitate individuals attacking soft targets with
         | horrendous effect but not enough firearms or firepower for
         | civilians to actually have any remotely likely potential of
         | defeating a tyrannical US military (or even police force).
        
           | lovich wrote:
           | Contrary to much of modern political US discourse the
           | founding fathers did not intend for the Constitution to be an
           | immortal document treated as sacrosanct and inviolable.
           | 
           | Thomas Jefferson[1] wanted the Constitution to be rewritten
           | every 19 years as he did not believe future generations
           | should be constrained by the limited understanding of the
           | past. Given that past history, the government and it's
           | various bodies didn't have a problem with banning weapons
           | more powerful than the founders could have imagined from
           | being in the hands of every civilian.
           | 
           | What is probably confusing you is there is a long simmering
           | but recently rapidly growing religion in the US[2] that does
           | believe that the Constitution is sacred and cannot be
           | altered, and have gained enough political and social power to
           | treat it as such. If I recall correctly the United States is
           | currently in the longest stretch between Constitutional
           | amendments in its history, as a result of this
           | political/religious movement
           | 
           | [1] one of the more famous founding fathers and a major
           | contributor to the writing of the Constitution
           | 
           | [2] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_civil_religion
           | for the simmering portion and Q as the rapidly growing
           | portion
        
             | Throwawayaerlei wrote:
             | You're ignoring the agreement made between the Federalist
             | and Anti-Federalists, the latter led by none other hand
             | Patrick Henry. The Bill of Rights was their price for
             | accepting the Constitution, and nullifications of the
             | former renders the whole compact null and void.
             | 
             | Given that a case can be made for even the Third Amendment,
             | no quartering of soldiers in people's dwellings being
             | abrogated by the surveillance state....
             | 
             | And is sure sounds like you think religion is a four letter
             | word....
        
           | sgjohnson wrote:
           | They are allowed. It's just extremely difficult to acquire
           | them. NFA is a bitch.
           | 
           | And even if you could overcome the obstacle that the NFA is,
           | you're unlikely to find a seller.
           | 
           | The most a civilian can reasonably acquire is a 40mm grenade
           | launcher & grenades for it. The caveat is that each
           | individual grenade (and the launcher itself) would be an NFA
           | item, so a $200 tax stamp.
           | 
           | But yes, all of this should be unconstitutional.
        
           | peyton wrote:
           | What? You can own missiles. Fill out ATF 5320.4 and pay the
           | tax stamp.
        
           | TheAceOfHearts wrote:
           | If you're willing to go through the paperwork and pay for the
           | appropriate permits it's possible to legally own a lot of
           | highly dangerous equipment. I think the only weapons that
           | cannot be legally owned by civilians through any means are
           | things such as nukes and chemical weapons.
           | 
           | Guns are probably a sufficient deterrent against tyranny. A
           | hypothetical tyranical army is unlikely to just start bombing
           | major cities and blindly killing civilians. Guns don't have
           | to enable the citizens to win, they just have to raise the
           | cost of victory high enough to not be worth attacking.
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | > I've never really understood why citizens in the US aren't
           | allowed these items, if the fundamental purpose of the 2nd
           | Amendment is to allow the citizenry to fight tyranny then why
           | aren't the citizens allowed the appropriate arms to do so?
           | How are the laws that allow the US gov to exclude citizens
           | from owning these not 'un-constitutional'? I imagine the
           | answer probably lies somewhere in the "too much risk for
           | accidents or deliberate hostile use" territory.
           | 
           | Because for much of the 20th century, the prevailing
           | interpretation of the 2nd amendment differed from that. Even
           | today, that interpretation is disputed.
           | 
           | 1934 was when the first significant federal restriction on
           | owning any sorts of weapons was introduced, and included
           | restrictions on "destructive devices" which is what e.g. a
           | javelin would be considered. These are _technically_ not
           | banned federally, they must merely be registered (and you
           | need a license to manufacture one). Many state laws have
           | various rules about private ownership of explosives that
           | would ban them though. For anything developed for the
           | military, there are also state-secret rules that may prohibit
           | some of these from being made generally available to the
           | public as well (even when we know that the items are already
           | in adversary 's hands).
           | 
           | As far as being a check on the police, the Black Panther
           | Party would (legally at the time) open carry shotguns while
           | "observing" arrests made as a check on police brutality, and
           | it's largely agreed that the banning of open-carry in
           | California was a response to this. That being said, if it
           | came down to "cops vs. non-cops" in most areas the non-cops
           | are likely to win just due to sheer numbers.
           | 
           | Sale of (new) fully-automatic weapons to civilians was not
           | federally banned until 1986 (in what was an otherwise fairly
           | pro-gun law).
        
           | leetcrew wrote:
           | not a constitutional scholar, so I can't answer that aspect
           | of your question. I can at least give a "reasonable person"
           | explanation though.
           | 
           | it's not hard to teach someone to safely handle small arms. a
           | responsible twelve year old can be trusted with them, as long
           | as they have been taught four simple rules:
           | 
           | 1. don't point gun at stuff you don't intend to shoot.
           | 
           | 2. always treat gun as if it is loaded.
           | 
           | 3. finger off trigger until ready to shoot.
           | 
           | 4. know target and what's behind it.
           | 
           | with small arms, understanding and following those rules
           | diligently is enough to prevent virtually all _unintentional_
           | injuries. they 're not hard to follow, but some people can be
           | spectacularly irresponsible. I'll leave it as a debate for
           | another time whether/when it is acceptable to _intentionally_
           | injure other people.
           | 
           | the same principles apply to "bigger" weapons, but become a
           | lot harder for your average person to implement. what's a
           | safe direction to point an anti-tank missile in? how do you
           | ensure the safety of people downrange of your artillery piece
           | that can hit targets 70 miles away? you obviously can't use
           | any of these things in self-defense unless you're prepared to
           | also delete your entire house.
           | 
           | tl;dr: it's mostly fine for people to have small arms because
           | it's easy to use them safely. it's not easy to teach someone
           | how to safely use missiles, mortars, etc.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | > I've never really understood why citizens in the US aren't
           | allowed these items, if the fundamental purpose of the 2nd
           | Amendment is to allow the citizenry to fight tyranny then why
           | aren't the citizens allowed the appropriate arms to do so?
           | 
           | That's because it isn't actually the fundamental purpose. It
           | was written at a time where the country didn't have a
           | permanent standing army. That's why the amendment starts with
           | "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of
           | a free State..."
        
             | willcipriano wrote:
             | ", the right of THE PEOPLE to keep and bear Arms, shall not
             | be infringed."
             | 
             | You don't have to take my word for it, here is the latest
             | from the supreme court:
             | 
             | > "Just as the First Amendment protects modern forms of
             | communications, and the Fourth Amendment applies to modern
             | forms of search, the Second Amendment extends, prima facie,
             | to all instruments that constitute bearable arms, even
             | those that were not in existence at the time of the
             | founding."
             | 
             | > "law-abiding citizen's right to armed self-defense."
             | 
             | > "As we stated in Heller and repeated in McDonald,
             | "individual self-defense is 'the central component' of the
             | Second Amendment right.""
             | 
             | https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-843_7j80.pdf
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | That's a different argument entirely.
               | 
               | I'm not arguing against Heller. I'm saying the amendment
               | exists because an armed populace was needed for national
               | security, not overthrowing the government.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | > security of a free State
               | 
               | The arms are required to not only secure the State, but
               | also keep it free.
        
               | lovich wrote:
               | You can't drop half the sentence and have the same
               | meaning. The GP is right that the amendment started with
               | a " A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the
               | security of a free State..."
               | 
               | You can drop that Supreme Court link but the Supreme
               | Court is currently at one if it's lowest trust levels by
               | the public on record and is assumed corrupt by a large
               | portion of the populace due to the fuckery around seating
               | the current Justices and the openly political manner in
               | which their nomination was decided.
               | 
               | The poster farther up the chain was asking about how we
               | are in the current situation re missiles and that
               | judgement had absolutely zero to do with it
               | 
               | Edit: additionally even the section you linked from the
               | amendment refers to the entity "The People" and not
               | "citizens" or "people". There is the implicit assumption
               | by the judicial system that the legislature meant what
               | they put down and so the different terms refer to
               | different entities. Something for "The People" is not
               | automatically agreed by everyone to mean that each
               | individual has the right
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | > You can't drop half the sentence and have the same
               | meaning.
               | 
               | My point entirely.
        
               | lovich wrote:
               | If it was you'd include the entirety of it. How does it
               | being for "The People" work with "Necessary for a well
               | regulated milita" in your mind? Does the word regulated
               | not exist?
               | 
               | Edit: as neither of us have put the full text, putting it
               | here. In the course of getting the exact text I also
               | learned that there are multiple versions of the bill of
               | rights with different punctuation and capitalization(i.e.
               | "The People" vs "the people") which adds even more
               | confusion to the intent. It was not an amendment written
               | clearly enough to convey the specific intent 250+ years
               | in the future and there going to be disagreements about
               | it.
               | 
               | " A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the
               | security of a free State, the right of the people to keep
               | and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | The first part explains the reason for the second part.
               | It's not prescriptive or actionable. Its like saying
               | "When it is hot out, food spoils quickly, in our house we
               | keep the milk in the fridge.", that doesn't mean it's ok
               | to leave the milk out in the winter.
               | 
               | The constitution is designed to be understood by the
               | citizens who are subject to it. If you start to engage in
               | word play you are almost certainly on the wrong track.
               | Same goes for "charging a item with a crime and not a
               | person", justifications for mass surveillance or
               | limitations on press freedom or speech.
        
               | lovich wrote:
               | That is not the interpretation I or many others over
               | literal hundreds hundreds of years of documented history
               | believe.
               | 
               | This is all besides the point though, I'm not here to
               | argue about the specifics of the 2nd amendment and
               | interpretations of each clause. The original poster asked
               | how the US got in the situation with missiles not being
               | in civilian hands based on what they currently knew of
               | the US.
               | 
               | The historical reasons behind that are the same whether
               | or not they were made incorrectly
               | 
               | > The constitution is designed to be understood by the
               | citizens who are subject to it.
               | 
               | Even if I were to accept this as truth, that went out the
               | window when the slaves were freed and I do not accept
               | this as true as you needed to be a white land owning
               | male[1] in the original founding to even vote.
               | 
               | There was zero expectation by the founders that everyone
               | subject to the Constitution would be capable of
               | interpreting it correctly. I would need to see some
               | historical evidence before I could have my mind changed
               | on that point
               | 
               | [1] Some exceptions, they were all changed to remove the
               | women's vote at some point up until women's suffrage was
               | passed
        
               | Throwawayaerlei wrote:
               | "You can't drop half the sentence and have the same
               | meaning."
               | 
               | In a very technical sense, but if you understand what a
               | subordinate clause means you'll know what can be dropped
               | with changing the restriction on _everyone_ of the main
               | clause.
               | 
               | The technical sense comes from what the subordinate was
               | politically achieving at that time, the Anti-Federalists
               | were properly suspicious of standing armies and regulars,
               | but the guys who actually got a reputation for the
               | successful prosecution of the Revolutionary War starting
               | with the indispensable man Washington knew the nation's
               | defense could not entirely be left to militias.
        
               | vt85 wrote:
        
               | lovich wrote:
               | Replying to vt85 who got flagged almost instantly.
               | 
               | lol at the "socialist wait I mean democrat" comment.
               | 
               | "Under no pretext should arms and ammunition be
               | surrendered; any attempt to disarm the workers must be
               | frustrated, by force if necessary"
               | 
               | You should look up that quote and find the socialists
               | view on arms. I have zero problems with weaponry and have
               | shot since I was a child. The instant infantile reaction
               | to the idea that not everyone has the same interpretation
               | of an ambiguous sentence is honestly kind of a tiring
               | knee jerk reaction to discussing the second amendment at
               | all.
               | 
               | If you are so concerned about weaponry go learn how to do
               | some basic metal working and chemistry and you can
               | manufacture all the weapons you want with hand tools even
               | and the government won't be able to take the knowledge
               | from you
        
           | chillingeffect wrote:
           | The only government it was ever concerned about was the
           | British. The militia also maintained the slave state, which
           | one reads between the lines is the eminent goal.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | shemtay wrote:
           | If memory serves correctly, after the famous mafia hit "St
           | Valentine's Day Massacre" in Chicago with an at the time
           | shocking body count of 7, civilian access to then state of
           | the art machine guns was restricted, thus setting a
           | precedent.
           | 
           | EDIT: I don't think that really answers your question. The
           | real answer is that, to a certain extent the words as written
           | don't matter so long as enough voters and decision makers
           | decide that they don't.
           | 
           | Moreover it is considered a very right wing viewpoint here to
           | say that the constitution should be enforced strictly as
           | written or originally intended.
        
             | Throwawayaerlei wrote:
             | And as a result our first post-WWII new and first General
             | Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG, TL;DR: barrels are in field
             | quick change consumables) was the awful M60.
             | 
             | Now replaced by a couple of Belgium Fabrique Nationale (FN)
             | models, they're a generally very competent company. Last
             | time I checked they had the contract to make machine gun
             | barrels and ran three hammer forges for this and other
             | guns.
        
           | 20after4 wrote:
           | > not enough firearms or firepower for civilians to actually
           | have any remotely likely potential of defeating a tyrannical
           | US military (or even police force).
           | 
           | This is exactly right. Government is not interested in
           | protecting the rights of it's citizens, especially a right to
           | that would be in direct conflict with the government's own
           | interests.
           | 
           | Individuals with guns pose little threat to the power of a
           | government heavily armed with powerful military weapons and
           | armored vehicles. Of course, the second amendment was written
           | in a time when none of that existed yet.
        
         | spamizbad wrote:
         | Sorry 2nd amendment-hating missle-grabbers: the only way to
         | stop a bad guy with a T72 is a good guy with a Javelin*
         | 
         | * or NLAW, Stugna, AT4, Carl Gustaf, general air superiority,
         | etc.
         | 
         | /s
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Man, can you imagine range days with a Carl Gustaf recoilless
           | rifle?
           | 
           | I can feel the noise ordinances from here!
        
         | kornhole wrote:
         | A for profit weapons industry and a for profit health care
         | industry create other problems such as more war and more sick
         | and indebted citizens.
        
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