[HN Gopher] A look at search engines with their own indexes (2021)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A look at search engines with their own indexes (2021)
        
       Author : tintedfireglass
       Score  : 255 points
       Date   : 2022-06-21 05:12 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (seirdy.one)
 (TXT) w3m dump (seirdy.one)
        
       | ddtaylor wrote:
       | I'm glad others are interested in this topic and there is ongoing
       | research. The current state of search engines is abysmal. My
       | "plan" was to support DuckDuckGo as the alternative to Google,
       | since they declined in quality so rapidly in the last few years
       | with most results just pushing their own services or funneling
       | you into product ads. But, DDG has been making a lot of misteps
       | recently as well. Despite all the chest pounding they do about
       | privacy, they still load tracking scripts on their domain and I
       | feel their communication about it has been really poor and gives
       | of scummy vibes.
        
         | tintedfireglass wrote:
         | DDG is completely dependent on Microsoft for both the search
         | results and their ad revenue. This causes a lot of problems as
         | whenever Microsoft stops supporting DDG,the company is
         | basically dead. In my opinion I think this is why DDG is taking
         | a lot of "missteps" as they don't want to sour their ties with
         | Microsoft. This is just my theory.
        
           | wiz21c wrote:
           | I was about to report the note 2 of the article:
           | 
           | > DuckDuckGo's help pages claim that the engine uses over 400
           | sources; my interpretation is that at least 398 sources don't
           | impact organic results.
           | 
           | ouch and I thought DDG was clean... But yet, it doesn't mean
           | that DDG tracks us, does it ?
        
             | tintedfireglass wrote:
             | Your reply made me read DDG privacy policy.
             | 
             | > > Similarly, we may add an affiliate code to some
             | eCommerce sites (e.g. Amazon & eBay) that results in small
             | commissions being paid back to DuckDuckGo when you make
             | purchases at those sites.
             | 
             | Why was there a big backlash against brave for doing this
             | but no one bats an eye when DDG does it?
        
               | smotched wrote:
               | theres a massive ddg bias on hw, see this thread for
               | example https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31492505
        
       | LukeEF wrote:
       | I bounce from default engine to engine (most recently startpage
       | as a 'better' google) but so far always find myself back with
       | google search. Last time I went elsewhere, I recorded the
       | occasions when I appended the URL bar search with @google. Quick
       | info on a business (address, telephone # etc.) and maps
       | dominated. I haven't used another engine that can deliver
       | similar. I also realized how much time I spend looking at maps
       | and street viewer...
       | 
       | The knowledge graph and maps are a massive search moat.
        
       | freediver wrote:
       | By the looks of it, we are witnessing the "Cambrian explosion" of
       | web search.
       | 
       | Search engines will evolve and those that do not adapt might be
       | up for a nasty surprise by the end of Mesozoic Era, no matter how
       | big they are.
        
       | uniqueuid wrote:
       | There's one important aspect of search engine evaluations that
       | many people forget.
       | 
       | A key part in user satisfaction are _re-searches_ (up to 50%, if
       | I recall correctly from a paper from Teevan et al.)
       | 
       | This means that people expect a search engine to find the same
       | results they found in the past for a given query. That's a huge
       | part of lock-in in the ecosystem.
        
       | ta8903 wrote:
       | >Two engines were excluded from this list for having a far-right
       | focus.
       | 
       | Does this mean like extremist terrorism or regular right wing
       | stuff? Would be interesting to see.
        
       | marginalia_nu wrote:
       | I think a big part of why Google has such sticking power is that
       | on the one hand they actually are pretty good at some things
       | (even though they visibly flounder with others), but web browsers
       | are heavily designed around leveraging the particular tasks
       | Google is really good at.
       | 
       | This is manifested by turning the URL bar into a search bar by
       | default, making URLs difficult to manually edit (especially on
       | mobile), making bookmarks inaccessible and difficult to manage by
       | requiring multiple clicks to access, and having an interface that
       | makes it easy to accidentally bookmark the wrong websites. I
       | don't believe there's some big conspiracy where Google has
       | orchestrated this, but it's probably more like an effort for
       | every web browser to mimic Chrome without realizing why that has
       | problematic knock-on effects.
       | 
       | I really sort of wish there were good alternative web browsers
       | that weren't ostensibly waging war on user agency, or at least
       | gave more than token customization abilities.
        
         | trh0awayman wrote:
         | > This is manifested by turning the URL bar into a search bar
         | by default
         | 
         | I'm so far gone at this point that I can't even imagine an
         | alternative.
         | 
         | I use search for basically everything - even just going to
         | websites that I go to frequently.
         | 
         | I have maybe 10 - 20 sites I visit everyday, followed by
         | technical questions that I Google, followed by general
         | questions that I Google (with "reddit" appended).
         | 
         | I sometimes browse the web (clicking on link after link), but
         | it takes some effort to find a piece of yarn to follow that
         | doesn't end up in one of the walled gardens.
        
           | throwamon wrote:
           | I mean, they could probably start by having actually useful
           | keyboard shortcuts, instead of 2 pairs of shortcuts that do
           | exactly the same thing (`Ctrl+L` and `F6`; `Ctrl+K` and
           | `Ctrl+E`), and the four together doing almost exactly the
           | same thing (the first two focus the omnibar, the latter focus
           | the omnibar and set it to search mode, which is equivalent to
           | focusing the omnibar and typing "?" then pressing `Tab` or
           | typing "<default search engine alias>" and pressing Tab).
           | 
           | At least from my own usage, I can identify many common usage
           | patterns that would benefit from shortcuts that focus the
           | omnibar _and set it to some special mode_ , just like the
           | VSCode command palette does (e.g. `Ctrl+Shift+P`, `Ctrl+P`,
           | `Ctrl+Shift+O`, etc.). In fact, I don't know how a
           | WebExtension-enabled VSCode-based browser hasn't popped up
           | yet.
        
         | buo wrote:
         | I think this paragraph on the difficulty of building good
         | independent indexes should not be overlooked. What's going on
         | with Cloudfare?
         | 
         | > When talking to search engine founders, I found that the
         | biggest obstacle to growing an index is getting blocked by
         | sites. Cloudflare is one of the worst offenders. Too many sites
         | block perfectly well-behaved crawlers, only allowing major
         | players like Googlebot, BingBot, and TwitterBot; this cements
         | the current duopoly over English search and is harmful to the
         | health of the Web as a whole.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | CloudFlare isn't _that_ bad in my experience. They were
           | really aggressively blocking me when I started out, but there
           | are some hoops[1] you can jump through to make them recognize
           | your bot. Goes a long way.
           | 
           | It does depend on the sites' settings though. Some are set to
           | block all bots, and then you're kinda out of luck.
           | 
           | In general, I've found that like 99% of the problems you
           | might encounter running a bot can be solved by just finding
           | the right person and sending them an email explaining your
           | situation. In almost all cases, they'll let you through.
           | 
           | [1] https://blog.cloudflare.com/friendly-bots/
        
             | buo wrote:
             | That's good to know -- thanks!
        
         | ColinHayhurst wrote:
         | > it's probably more like an effort for every web browser to
         | mimic Chrome without realizing why that has problematic knock-
         | on effects.
         | 
         | I agree with your points in the first sentence here (URL/serch
         | bar) etc. However this is by design. It protects Google search
         | with a moat, which in turn protects the lucrative Apple-Google
         | search deal. Microsoft (with Edge and Bing) complete the three-
         | party monopoly in OS-browsers-search [0].
         | 
         | Yes, we need good alternative browsers and browser innovation.
         | There are plenty around, but none of them apart from Firefox
         | (and forks) support search diversity, as they do with the
         | search box [1].
         | 
         | Our own, search engine app, has a way of supporting similar one
         | click search choice: Search Choices [2]. Users love it. Why be
         | bound into the one-search-to-rule-them-all paradigm?
         | 
         | But watch out, browsers are being circumvented. The moat now
         | being built is around how search links with the operating
         | system and voice assistants. How do these three companies play?
         | And do they play fair? Who cares you may say. As Tim Wu has
         | said [3] "it is not a crime to be a monopolist; it is a crime
         | to abuse your monopoly power." How will he view how they play
         | together?
         | 
         | Microsoft ignores your choice of search engine in Edge with
         | searches from Windows [4]. If you have chosen Ecosia, or set-up
         | Ecosia as your search preference in Edge, that choice will be
         | ignored and Bing will be used. Your choice is overrided.
         | 
         | Apple does something similar with Spotlight [5]. Suppose you
         | chose Mojeek or Ecosia as your search preference in Chrome. And
         | Chrome is your default browser on your Mac or iPhone. If you
         | have Google as your search preference in Safari (and remember
         | that is the default which Google pays $billions for), then the
         | Spotlight directed search will be done with Google search in
         | Chrome, not Mojeek or Ecosia. Your choice is overrided.
         | 
         | Google have Android. What can you do with the Search widget?
         | 
         | [0] https://blog.mojeek.com/2022/05/gatekeepers-of-the-
         | western-w...
         | 
         | [1] https://blog.mojeek.com/2020/12/popping-filter-bubbles-in-
         | fi...
         | 
         | [2] https://blog.mojeek.com/2022/02/search-choices-enable-
         | freedo...
         | 
         | [3] https://newrepublic.com/article/111650/why-does-everyone-
         | thi...
         | 
         | [4] https://blog.mojeek.com/2021/11/how-microsoft-sucks-
         | people-i...
         | 
         | [5]
         | https://twitter.com/ColinHayhurst/status/1533854896633544704
        
           | ldng wrote:
           | That. And it's not just the search: https-everywhere, HTTP/2,
           | QUIC, HTTP/3 ... all that is be design and it molds the
           | internet to favor big cloud providers. The all too familiar
           | embrace and extend basically.
        
         | Terry_Roll wrote:
         | Google and Bing have got using state psychological warfare on
         | their users with the results they deliver and the adverts that
         | get delivered on various websites including Youtube.
         | 
         | Its a legal form of harassment and intimidation imo, but I
         | think some people already know this because of the big emphasis
         | on mental health being pushed out by the media and various
         | govts.
        
         | 9dev wrote:
         | Has anyone ever done experiments on alternative URL input
         | fields? We continue to treat URLs as arbitrary strings,
         | although they are composed of very well defined components, say
         | for `https://foo:bar@news.ycombinator.com/item?id=
         | 31820149#31821636`:                 - Transfer protocol
         | (https://)       - Optional credentials (foo@ or foo:bar@)
         | - Mandatory hostname (news.ycombinator.com)       - Optional
         | path name (/item)       - Optional parameters as key-value
         | pairs (id=31820149)       - Optional document anchor
         | (#31821636)
         | 
         | This is easily imaginable as a form, even if that would
         | obviously by inconvenient. It feels to me like there is a
         | middle ground between "enter every URL part into a separate
         | input box" and "let users handle an arbitrary serialisation
         | format completely on their own".
        
           | kevincox wrote:
           | The closest I had was Vimperator (RIP) which had `gu` for "Go
           | Up" which would go to the page referenced by either a <link
           | rel=up> or chop the last path component off the url and <C-a>
           | <C-x> which would follow rel=prev or rel=next or increment or
           | decrement the last number in the URL.
        
         | tintedfireglass wrote:
         | Yes,These days most people think that GOOGLE=INTERNET and look
         | on GOOGLE for the nearest hotel or ask GOOGLE today's weather.
         | Google has basically become so big that for most people Google
         | is the manifestation of the internet.
         | 
         | This reliance on web search as a gateway to the internet also
         | started with google as in the days of IE we had separate URL
         | bars and search bars, toolbars and bookmark tabs were the norm
         | and there were many different ways people used to obtain their
         | news,talk to friends and in general consume content on the
         | internet.
         | 
         | But Google basically turned the browser into a funnel that
         | sends all internet users to https://google.com and as chrome
         | has most market-share in both desktop and mobile(thanks to
         | android). Most browsers adopted the SEARCH-ENGINE route in
         | their browsers leading to the position we are in.
         | 
         | Today the average person visits a website only in two ways
         | 
         | 1.Auto-fill on their URL...sorry search bar 2.Type the name of
         | the website on the google search engine.
         | 
         | I have no clue why the feds don't care about big tech
         | monopolies the way Microsoft was attacked back then for IE
         | which is basically child's play compared to what companies(even
         | Microsoft with Edge) are doing today.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | > I have no clue why the feds don't care about big tech
           | monopolies the way Microsoft was attacked back then for IE
           | which is basically child's play compared to what
           | companies(even Microsoft with Edge) are doing today.
           | 
           | People forget just how _big_ Microsoft was at the time (big
           | fish /small pond) but it was some obscenely high percentage
           | of "personal computer desktops", and even then it took
           | something like four or five years to come to trial. This was
           | before Android, before smart phones at all, and the Mac was
           | on life-support and nearly dead, and Linux was a joke as a
           | desktop which is where the "Year of Linux" came from.
           | 
           | Google is big but nowhere near as "dominant" and they've been
           | careful to mitigate so as to fly under the radar. It also
           | helps that basically nobody is trying to sell software in the
           | areas they "compete" in so the "harm" is harder to argue.
           | 
           | I wonder about whether Apple has a skunkworks project working
           | on search, just like they did for the x86 and M1; it's one of
           | the large areas they still directly depend on another company
           | for.
        
           | bil7 wrote:
           | > basically turned the browser into a funnel that sends all
           | internet users to https://google.com
           | 
           | Exactly right and completely intentional. I saw they also pay
           | Apple $15bn to be the default search provider on iOS [0].
           | Annually.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.macrumors.com/2021/08/27/google-could-pay-
           | apple-...
        
           | ColinHayhurst wrote:
           | > Google basically turned the browser into a funnel that
           | sends all internet users to https://google.com
           | 
           | It's two multi-layer funnels [0]:
           | 
           | - Android device > Android OS > Chrome > Google search/ads
           | 
           | - Apple device > macOS/iOS > Safari/Chrome > Google
           | search/ads
           | 
           | > These days most people think that GOOGLE=INTERNET
           | 
           | Definitely not the case in some countries. I am confident
           | that there are a good number of failing democracies where you
           | could easily conclude that FACEBOOK=INTERNET. I have deep
           | knowledge of one where this is very apparent, to those in
           | that country who stop to think and care.
           | 
           | [0] below https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31822014
        
           | Hackbraten wrote:
           | > I have no clue why the feds don't care about big tech
           | monopolies the way Microsoft was attacked back then
           | 
           | You have to give some credits to the feds because tapping
           | into half a dozen backends is obviously easier than having to
           | tap into a few thousand.
        
             | ColinHayhurst wrote:
             | The catchphrase of Francis Urquhart springs to mind.
        
       | boyter wrote:
       | Alas my poor entry into the ring https://bonzamate.com.au is
       | missing. It is Australia specific though which might explain
       | that. It is running its own index though, so might be interesting
       | to some.
        
         | cookie_monsta wrote:
         | Sweet as.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | Sort of have unfortunate similarities to BonziBuddy with that
         | name.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | metadat wrote:
           | I thought it was intentional, as a half joke / nod to the
           | BonzaiBuddy of old.
        
           | boyter wrote:
           | Never even considered that. Although as an Australian it's
           | not even close.
        
         | Seirdy wrote:
         | Thanks, added. Diff:
         | https://git.sr.ht/~seirdy/seirdy.one/commit/ae3e26e5928a9f0f...
        
       | verisimi wrote:
       | I'm using presearch - https://presearch.io/about
       | 
       | and I like it.
        
         | tintedfireglass wrote:
         | Presearch is nice but the crypto token is stopping me from
         | using it.
        
           | verisimi wrote:
           | I don't use the token stuff (I don't even log in).
           | 
           | It has decent results, and all the main search engines are
           | available, if needed, on the side.
        
       | Linda703 wrote:
        
       | mavhc wrote:
       | Why aren't more of them using Common Crawl? Is it flawed?
        
         | snowwrestler wrote:
         | I found it weird that the author references the Common Crawl a
         | couple of times but it does not have its own entry on the page.
         | 
         | I'm not familiar with what it is... guess I'll just Google it.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | Can only speak for my self, but I use my own dinky crawler
         | because CC doesn't really solve any problems I have operating
         | my search engine, and its unwieldy size creates new problems I
         | didn't have doing my own crawling.
         | 
         | Crawling just isn't the hard part of building a search engine.
         | Sure there are pitfalls and obstacles, but they're all fairly
         | solvable.
        
       | hubraumhugo wrote:
       | Google won because they started early and had the right
       | algorithm. Back in 1998, Google's PageRank was an innovative
       | algorithm that calculated relevance based on counting backlinks
       | instead of parsing the word counts in embedded HTML text like
       | other search engines. This made Google way better than any other
       | available search engine back then (Lycos, Yahoo, AltaVista,
       | etc.), and within weeks, everyone was switching to Google. Google
       | then had the scale to grow with the internet.
        
         | flatdog wrote:
         | PageRank was and still is mostly marketing, there's no way
         | Google was so much better due to PageRank. It's more likely due
         | to their method of indexing inlinks as pseudo terms within
         | documents that gave them the initial edge.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | It's a one-two punch. PageRank does undeniably help the
           | underspecified case, indexing anchor texts adds more keywords
           | and makes more searches underspecified.
        
         | Nuzzerino wrote:
         | Definitely the right algorithm if you want search results that
         | are driven by marketing teams.
        
       | langsoul-com wrote:
       | Do Chinese search engines have their own index engines? They're
       | censored, but if you could remove that, would they be as good as
       | Google, Bing, yandex?
        
         | Seirdy wrote:
         | Yes, I listed several. Scroll down a bit.
        
       | mysterydip wrote:
       | I know a common complaint is search engine x fails at finding
       | info for knowledge domain y, usually something technical that in
       | the overall lexicon is ambiguous with something more
       | generic/popular. I wonder if a good solution to this is to use
       | one of the smaller open engines in a private instance and just
       | submit the handful of sites you know have the relevant info?
        
       | aberoham wrote:
       | No DDG?
        
         | therealdrag0 wrote:
         | It's there under bing
        
         | Kiro wrote:
         | They don't have their own index so they are listed under Bing.
        
       | jfoster wrote:
       | For most software, there is an open source attempt aimed at
       | producing something more or less equivalent. Is there any such
       | thing trying to attempt the same level of scalability as Google
       | or Bing?
       | 
       | I'm aware of Apache Lucene, Elasticsearch, etc. The thing is,
       | those all seem aimed toward indexing a lot fewer orders of
       | magnitude less stuff than Google does.
       | 
       | I'm guessing that perhaps anyone capable & attempting to
       | implement such a thing just automatically gets fast-tracked into
       | a job at Google (or similar company). Is that why it doesn't
       | exist?
        
         | oever wrote:
         | > Let's create a better way to search the internet
         | 
         | > We want to make searching the internet open and transparent.
         | Our goal is to provide a wide range of independent and free
         | options for navigating the web. This is relevant for all
         | organizations and people who want to boost Europe's digital
         | sovereignty, a greater variety of search engines, and
         | independent search results. We can make this possible by
         | cooperating with existing data centres and by using open source
         | principles and public moderation. We may not be able to do it
         | as individuals, but we can do it together.
         | 
         | https://opensearchfoundation.org/
        
           | pyronik19 wrote:
           | Will it censor "vaccine misinformation", "election
           | misinformation", "russian disinformation" and all the other
           | mainstream topics that google actively suppresses in favor of
           | the narrative or is your moniker of "open" just mean "open to
           | the ideas we support".
        
         | native_samples wrote:
         | How would you even test that? Open source projects typically
         | have a budget of near zero. There are lots of things that the
         | open source approach can't handle but commercial development
         | can, large scale search engines are one.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | I guess hypothetically you could go for a wikimedia-style
           | model and set up a foundation that operates the thing, but
           | that would require a lot of funding, which would require
           | decent utility up front. Vicious circle there.
           | 
           | I'm struggling with how to run even a small scale search
           | engine as an open source project. I haven't really found any
           | good projects to model for how to go about an open
           | development process for a system that actually requires
           | decent hardware to run, so right now it's just me developing
           | in public, which is fine I guess, but not much different from
           | how it was before I open sourced it.
        
             | native_samples wrote:
             | Well, what you could try is an engine that's designed to
             | crawl specific niches and then allowing people to run their
             | own instances. So you don't run any hardware yourself. You
             | just let other people provide it - they might find a way to
             | make money from it, or their community might find ways to
             | pay for it anyway. It's not necessarily true that every
             | search engine has to search the entire web.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | The problem with this is that you get significant
               | benefits from a larger crawling corpus, even if you index
               | just a small portion of it, the rest will inform that
               | portion.
               | 
               | That's a real problem that is ultimately hard to get
               | around. Like my index is fairly small as it is, but even
               | so it requires more hardware than say a student could
               | afford. Like it's not enough that I'm dependent on
               | external funding, but it's still not something you slap
               | together for fun and then get bored of.
        
             | psychoslave wrote:
             | Wikimedia foundation actually did try to launch such a
             | thing:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_Engine_%28Wikimedia
             | _...
             | 
             | https://www.newsweek.com/wikipedia-takes-google-new-
             | transpar...
             | 
             | Spoiler: it failed.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | From what I understand, they basically built a search
               | function for wikipedia (and related projects). A noble
               | goal since their own search function is kinda shit, but
               | it was never really an internet search engine.
        
           | jfoster wrote:
           | If you're going that far, I guess you might as well set up a
           | commercial search engine or SEO tools business off the back
           | of it. At which point, the thinking may shift away from open
           | source toward something proprietary, unless there were some
           | other substantial differentiators.
        
       | mg wrote:
       | Yay, another person who keeps an eye on the landscape of search
       | engines and tries different ones. I thought I am the only one
       | with this hobby.
       | 
       | I made this page to be able to use a different search engine for
       | every search I do:
       | 
       | https://www.gnod.com/search
       | 
       | (Click on "more engines" to see the full list and chose the ones
       | for which buttons are displayed. But you can also search right
       | from the list by first entering a search query and then clicking
       | on an entry in the list.)
        
         | anjc wrote:
         | This is very handy, thanks
        
         | dhc02 wrote:
         | Suggestions for additions:
         | 
         | Kagi.com Neeva.com
        
           | nitnelave wrote:
           | They are actually listed on the page, ctrl-F for them.
           | They're listed under "mixed index".
        
           | mg wrote:
           | Do you use these?
           | 
           | I tried Kagi and liked the design. Having to log into a
           | search engine to use it is a no-go to me, though. But if
           | there is "demand" for it, I can surely add it. So far, I
           | think I am the only user of Gnod Search.
           | 
           | Neeva does not let me search, no matter what: "We'll get in
           | touch as soon as Neeva is available in your region". Maybe
           | they don't want to deal with users in Europe?
           | 
           | I think for a list of search engines to try, it is best to
           | stick with the open ones. Otherwise, the experience will
           | become cumbersome if every other engine you want to try tells
           | you that you cannot use it for some reason.
        
             | tbassetto wrote:
             | I switched to Kagi recently (and became a paid user!).
             | Somehow DDG never really clicked for me, I find results on
             | Kagi better.
        
             | memorable wrote:
             | You can acually use Neeva without an account by setting
             | your browser's search query to 'neeva.com/search?q=%s'. I
             | use Neeva without an account and not in the US and it works
             | just fine.
        
             | soco wrote:
             | Many people switched to paid Kagi and swear by it. I wasn't
             | impressed at all so didn't pay, then I ran out of free Kagi
             | searches in a few days and switched back to DDG+Google.
        
               | freediver wrote:
               | What left you unimpressed?
        
             | Semaphor wrote:
             | I'm a former DDG user (maybe for 2 years?) who switched to
             | Kagi in December (and have paid for my first month
             | already). I preferred DDG over Google (for most searches,
             | Google was better at rare searches; in addition, DDG got
             | worse over time), but prefer Kagi over both. I almost
             | always get what I need, and the personalization features
             | (specifically ranking sites higher/lower linked to your
             | account) are great. Really need to find the time to play
             | around with lenses, but I have heard good things ;)
        
               | shafyy wrote:
               | Same here! Love Kagi!
        
         | jrumbut wrote:
         | I just want to thank you and the author for these works.
         | 
         | I'm glad you're watching search and surfacing the different
         | efforts in this space!
        
         | tintedfireglass wrote:
         | How is this different from
         | SearX(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Searx) Wont just hosting
         | your own searX instance be an easier thing to do? Curious. :)
        
           | mg wrote:
           | With SearX I would have to maintain a python parser for each
           | engine:
           | 
           | https://github.com/searx/searx/tree/master/searx/engines
           | 
           | Most of which are like 100 lines long:
           | 
           | https://github.com/searx/searx/blob/master/searx/engines/wik.
           | ..
           | 
           | And probably often break:
           | 
           | https://github.com/searx/searx/commits/master/searx/engines/.
           | ..
           | 
           | While the way I do it, all I have to do is maintain a single
           | link per engine:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?fulltext=1&search=hello.
           | ..
           | 
           | So far, none of the links ever broke.
        
             | tintedfireglass wrote:
             | Interesting. Thanks for the insights :)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | kypro wrote:
       | As an English language user Yandex is awful for typical use in my
       | experience. I'd say at least a third of the results it serves on
       | its English site are Russian. That said, I find myself using
       | Yandex quite a bit simply because I can assume it has a Russian
       | bias, or at the very least it doesn't have the same biases you
       | might expect from a search engine operated in the West.
       | 
       | I think a lot of people would be surprised at the extent at which
       | Google and other Western search engines filter their search
       | results today. A lot of content which might be labelled "extreme"
       | or politically problematic I find is now either missing entirely
       | from Google search or pushed so far down in the results that it's
       | practically inaccessible. On Yandex I find I don't have this
       | problem.
       | 
       | As an example during the pandemic Yandex was pretty useful for
       | finding conspiratorial content about Covid-19 which was censored
       | by Google. Not that this is necessarily a good thing for the
       | average user, but it has its uses if you're trying to come to
       | your own conclusions about things rather than relying on the
       | narrative provided by Western media companies. It's obviously
       | also been useful when trying to better understand the Russian
       | side of the ongoing RU/UA conflict which has either been
       | completely absent or very unfairly portrayed by most Western
       | media sources (again, perhaps for good reason, but still).
        
       | tintedfireglass wrote:
       | Inspired by this I have started making a list of alternative
       | search engines and plan to review them once count reaches 100.
       | https://github.com/Tintedfireglass/search-engines
        
       | kristopolous wrote:
       | The realization I made recently is the financial incentive of the
       | page view is the corrupting force that ruins search
       | 
       | The content producer is incentivized to make content as quickly
       | as possible in as little effort as possible and cover it with as
       | many ads as possible.
       | 
       | On the other end, it's within GBYs interest to be slightly
       | confused; by not nailing it, the user engages with the search
       | using different words, potentially hitting an adword and
       | clicking. GBY could be convincing the user that they're just
       | using it wrong and need to execute more searches.
       | 
       | So the financial cost/reward model is configured in a way that
       | gives high margin to spammy trash covered in irritating
       | obstructive ads and search engines that are mysteriously confused
       | by what we ask for. And that's the modern web.
       | 
       | Finally we are taught to tremble in fear if we dare consider
       | touching the sacredness of The Market. So here we are stuck with
       | trash technology to search avalanches of garbage.*
       | 
       | Luckily there appears to be a few search engines that focus on
       | sites without advertising and trackers and they seem to produce
       | nice results
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | * occasionally people like to claim this is just freedom or
       | something so let me clear that field now: being forced to focus
       | on maximizing profit isn't a free society. A free society would
       | permit various missions to be pursued without fear of being
       | squeezed out of existence by those focused exclusively on profit
       | maximization. If priorities are imposed by a p&l tyranny, that's
       | not freedom
        
         | dontcontactme wrote:
         | What are these search engines that focus on sites without
         | advertising and trackers?
        
           | up6w6 wrote:
           | There is also Kagi[1]
           | 
           | [1] https://kagi.com/faq#censoring
        
           | kristopolous wrote:
           | Try https://teclis.com and https://search.marginalia.nu
           | 
           | My test queries are things like "souffle recipe" or "worst
           | celebrity hairstyles" - if it can survive that it can survive
           | anything
        
           | tintedfireglass wrote:
           | https://wiby.me is a good one. I actually found this blog on
           | wiby
        
         | psychoslave wrote:
         | >The content producer is incentivized to make content as
         | quickly as possible in as little effort as possible and cover
         | it with as many ads as possible.
         | 
         | It all depends on the author/producer resources and goals. If
         | resource acquisition doesn't enter in the equation of a
         | specific work, there is no reason to expect the advertisement
         | industry to influence it directly in such a way, does it?
        
           | kristopolous wrote:
           | I don't understand. Can you give some examples?
           | 
           | Let me make the theoretical claim clear first: Regardless of
           | the sentiments of a creator, so long as there's SEO pumpers
           | creating similar content, the creator will be crowded out
           | unless they also play that game.
           | 
           | This theory explains why given say a new scientific finding,
           | often a content factory's misreading of the results as
           | opposed to the official statement from the research institute
           | is what gets passed around.
           | 
           | Essentially there's a requisite to engage with "the game" to
           | capture exposure and connect with those who you wish to
           | communicate with which is reliant on increasing metrics
           | instead of merit.
           | 
           | I've called it the "fast-fooding of content" in other
           | writings on the topic.
           | 
           | Please engage with me if you have counterexamples, I'm not
           | married to any particular idea.
        
       | kjrose wrote:
       | Does anyone know what the search engines that were excluded for
       | "reasons" are?
       | 
       | I like having thorough lists and I am curious what as many as
       | possible are regardless of political silliness or differences in
       | using financial systems.
       | 
       | My guess is the crypto one is presearch, but the others I have no
       | idea.
        
         | prophesi wrote:
         | They list out their reasons here
         | https://seirdy.one/posts/2021/03/10/search-engines-with-own-...
         | 
         | Sounds like two were excluded for having a far-right focus, one
         | for crypto payments, and the rest for being small/simple proof-
         | of-concepts
         | 
         | That said, I would also be interested in what engines in
         | particular were excluded, with a small blurb as to why it
         | wasn't included.
        
       | tintedfireglass wrote:
       | Previous discussion post by original author (March 2021):
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26429942
        
       | danskeren wrote:
       | Surprised to see my site removed from the list:
       | 
       | > Ask.moe uses Google Custom Search now, so it's not a search
       | engine anymore; it's a search client.
       | 
       | Not quite sure what a "search client" is, but I don't see why a
       | Bing proxy (using the Bing Search API) is any more of a search
       | engine than a Google proxy (using the Programmable Search
       | Engine).
        
       | slimsag wrote:
       | I think 'general purpose' search engines are often doomed to
       | fail, and this extends to 'web search engines' (which, in
       | reality, do not search the full web and are NOT general purpose.)
       | 
       | This list makes a great list of attempts at general purpose
       | search engines (I would include DDG and Bing) which ultimately
       | fail and are not what the masses want.
       | 
       | There's also precedence for how _only_ domain-specific search
       | engines are valuable  / make sense these days: Google itself is
       | shifting to ML-based answers (attempting to build the holy-grail
       | of general-purpose search engines), and whatever you do isn't
       | going to beat Google at that - even Google hasn't been successful
       | at it yet.
       | 
       | Examples of real-world domain-specific search engines today:
       | 
       | * Image, YouTube, Maps search
       | 
       | * Amazon search
       | 
       | * Code search (Sourcegraph, cs.github.com, cs.opensource.google,
       | etc.)
       | 
       | * Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, TikTok, LinkedIn search
       | 
       | * Documents search (iCloud, Drive, etc.)
       | 
       | * Messenger search (Discord, Slack, Messenger, etc.)
       | 
       | It's really telling how Google has largely only achieved general-
       | purpose search in their domains of data (a Google search turns up
       | YouTube videos, Maps locations) but isn't even complete in that
       | area (Drive, images, etc. don't show up in Google results)
       | 
       | General-purpose search is simply non-viable these days due to (a)
       | data silos and (b) you need to have domain specific search to
       | provide an edge (e.g. regex for code search, or drag-n-drop an
       | image for image similarity search)
        
         | exmadscientist wrote:
         | So, I'm an electrical engineer (these days). I work with parts.
         | Parts have part numbers. I need information about parts. Some
         | of my parts are weird and rareish.
         | 
         | It is _shocking_ how many searches I do which are well
         | described by  "show me _every single thing on the entire
         | Internet_ which matches this string ". (I'd love to match a
         | simple regex, since part numbers have stupid trivial
         | variations, but I'll take what's actually feasible.) Or, I
         | often want to match only PDFs, but that hurdle seems well
         | solved these days. There aren't that many results for a few of
         | these things (and those are often the ones I need information
         | about the most), so I sometimes really do want to see every
         | result.
         | 
         | I don't see any other way to do that than a full-text, full-web
         | index. I just don't. And my job gets a lot harder if that class
         | of search isn't possible anymore. So I'm desperately hoping
         | these indices remain at least somewhat viable.
         | 
         | And yes, I am noticing that Google is lovingly correcting my
         | long part numbers that _do actually match a fair bit of
         | results_ to crap that is useless. _Fuck that bullshit, Google._
        
           | jve wrote:
           | > actually match a fair bit of results to crap
           | 
           | Do you use advanced search features? Like quote things that
           | MUST match. ext:pdf etc.
           | 
           | You can have this interface to help you:
           | https://www.google.com/advanced_search
        
           | capitalsigma wrote:
           | Full text search on the entire web index is not feasible in
           | terms of latency and compute cost
        
             | throwamon wrote:
             | Is it feasible to roughly categorize websites (or parts of
             | websites, e.g. subreddits) and then perform full text
             | search on them only, or at least establish priorities? For
             | instance, it's extremely unlikely OP would find anything
             | useful about part numbers on *.reddit.com/r/funny.
             | 
             | Does anything like that exist today in usable form?
        
               | AndroidKitKat wrote:
               | It's interesting you ask that, because the now-paid Kagi
               | Search has a feature like this called Lenses:
               | https://blog.kagi.com/kagi-
               | features#:~:text=and%20Google.-,L...
               | 
               | I've found them somewhat helpful in getting rid of some
               | of the garbage that pops up when I'm searching for a
               | specific topic. But often, I find myself leaving them off
               | since I sometimes want all the results on anything even
               | slightly related because it might be useful.
        
               | throwamon wrote:
               | This looks awesome. Unfortunately the pricing is like an
               | order of magnitude higher than what my broke ass can pay
               | for, but I'm truly rooting for them.
        
           | tintedfireglass wrote:
           | Google is running behind NLP(Natural Language Processing)
           | causing problems like this. I feel we should learn to use
           | search engines and not search-engines trying to guess what we
           | want to find using some weird Black Box AI
        
             | carschno wrote:
             | This is exactly the problem of "general purpose" search
             | engines as mentioned by GP. In classic information
             | retrieval theory, a search query is a textual
             | representation of the a user's mental search intent. A
             | search engine's task is to interpret that textual
             | representation in order to serve the user's need.
             | 
             | Basic NLP starts with simple techniques like stemming,
             | synonyms, typo correction etc. But many users expect more,
             | e.g. contextual disambiguation or broader
             | synonym/similarity resolution. These users would see a
             | search engine as dysfunctional if it could not even find
             | pages in which a plural form or a spelling variation of a
             | query term occurs.
             | 
             | However, there is an inherent contradiction to those users
             | who want to find a specific string. Google, Bing and others
             | apply complex algorithms ("weird Black Box AI") in order to
             | interpret the user intent and the meaning of web pages in
             | order to optimize towards the majority of internet users.
             | To some degree, they do try to also serve users of (large
             | enough) minority use cases in which the user feels like
             | they knew exactly what words (strings) they were looking
             | for. But again, the different use cases pose contradictory
             | interests that are probably not resolvable in a "general
             | purpose" approach.
        
               | RugnirViking wrote:
               | I follow that, but I still have to ask: Why does it often
               | ignore the quote marks it suggests to me? It's supposed
               | to search for that exact string, but it never does and
               | shows the same rubbish regardless. The quote marks should
               | resolve the contradition between synonym searching and
               | specific strings and they don't for some bizzare reason
        
               | horsawlarway wrote:
               | Because their products are a complete fucking MESS.
               | 
               | Quotes used to be an exact search, but it now overrides
               | that basically everywhere and continues to search for
               | what it thinks you mean (and has for like a decade now).
               | Even though the "Missing: ___ | Must include: ___" popup
               | just wraps that word in quotes in the search. Which is
               | infuriating, since they know damn well adding quotes
               | won't actually search for that word.
               | 
               | In reality, you need to click "tools" -> "all results"
               | and change it to "verbatim" which does at least still
               | appear to work... for now.
        
               | dave7 wrote:
               | Today I learned... Thank you!
        
               | psychoslave wrote:
               | >Basic NLP starts with simple techniques like stemming,
               | synonyms, typo correction etc. But many users expect
               | more, e.g. contextual disambiguation or broader
               | synonym/similarity resolution. These users would see a
               | search engine as dysfunctional if it could not even find
               | pages in which a plural form or a spelling variation of a
               | query term occurs.
               | 
               | Any morphological variation would already be covered with
               | stemming alone, so this particular point doesn't speak in
               | favor of more advanced interpretations, does it?
               | 
               | Having an path which uses advanced AI powered tools
               | doesn't necessarily imply one should drop any ability to
               | search with more technical query interface for advanced
               | users. And it's doubtful big companies wouldn't have the
               | budget to maintain even two completely distinct tools,
               | would it be required.
        
               | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
               | _pose contradictory interests that are probably not
               | resolvable in a "general purpose" approach._
               | 
               | How are they not resolvable? If Google respected
               | quotation marks (as it used to do, in the old times) that
               | would be enough to accommodate both kinds of users (or
               | rather both kind of search needs - I'm the same person
               | and do both).
        
               | dhimes wrote:
               | Came here to say this. Quotation marks were hugely
               | useful.
        
             | danuker wrote:
             | I'm guessing the following: to index a long tail of
             | infrequently-used keywords (such as part numbers), it takes
             | a lot of storage costs, with little if any financial
             | return.
        
             | imafish wrote:
             | I have had this problem for years in modern user
             | interfaces. Most of the times, when a system is trying to
             | guess what I want to do or find, it guesses wrong.
        
               | danuker wrote:
               | Indeed. Search got along just fine before NLP. You should
               | at least have the option of a "raw" text search.
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | _> whatever you do isn 't going to beat Google at that - even
         | Google hasn't been successful at it yet_
         | 
         | Why not? This seems exactly like the sort of situation where an
         | upstart could be very successful: an industry transitioning to
         | a new approach.
        
         | april_22 wrote:
         | This is what I like so much about you.com They show results
         | from specific, popular sites/apps (I listed some examples
         | below) plus allow you to set preferred sources to see
         | sites/apps you find useful (for me it's reddit) higher/on top
         | of your search results. I find it especially nice for coding
         | cause sites like GitHub and StackOverflow are supported.
         | 
         | https://you.com/search?q=python+pandas+concatenate+two+dataf...
         | 
         | https://you.com/search?q=How+to+care+for+orchids
         | 
         | some supported sites:
         | 
         | - GitHub - Reddit - StackOverflow - Arxiv.org - TikTok -
         | LinkedIn - W3 Schools - Twitter
        
           | rawoke083600 wrote:
           | Is this the one where you _had_ to install an extension first
           | to search ? And the CTO /Owner had a fight with everyone on
           | HN ??
        
             | ffhhj wrote:
             | link or didn't happen
        
         | blowski wrote:
         | I do a lot of those specific searches with hash bangs through
         | DuckDuckGo.
         | 
         | I would love a general purpose search engine. Most websites /
         | web applications have bad search, and behave inconsistently. So
         | I use site specific searches through DuckDuckGo.
        
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