[HN Gopher] No-one knows what they are doing
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       No-one knows what they are doing
        
       Author : charly357
       Score  : 264 points
       Date   : 2022-06-20 06:54 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (successfulsoftware.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (successfulsoftware.net)
        
       | LeonM wrote:
       | I stopped reading the original article when the OP started
       | including politics.
       | 
       | Invoking anger by reminding your audience that some 'current'
       | government of $random_country that they are not 'having a clue'
       | is a really cheap trick to grab attention of lesser informed
       | people. Of course it only applies to the 'current' government,
       | because everything was obviously better in the past.
       | 
       | It makes me sad, and angry at the same time to see that even on
       | forums like HN, people fall for it. This thread is mostly
       | hijacked by a 'discussion' about politics, completely ignoring
       | the subject of the OP.
       | 
       | What's even more sad, is that if you look at the 'social proof'
       | section of perfecttableplan (the company the author is promoting,
       | and where he is CEO), you'll see that they serve loads of
       | government organizations. So here is the 'CEO' of a company,
       | making cheap shots at their own customers, just to get some
       | eyeballs on his content marketing.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | There is a kind of subtle clickbait title style well suited for
         | the HN audience and this article had it. Appealing to
         | intellectual curiosity to read more, promising something like a
         | PG essay but not delivering anything like that. It is the one
         | weird trick of the HN world.
        
         | 0xRusty wrote:
         | It is a pointless piece of writing. It says nothing. It's a
         | thinly veiled advert for OP's software, clickbaited by a
         | unprovable political opinion. This type of thing should be
         | removed from HN.
        
       | TedShiller wrote:
       | > Just look at the current British government
       | 
       | LOL I think he means the US government
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | Did Biden face, and somehow win, a vote of no-confidence from
         | his own party after photographic evidence emerged that forced
         | the police to fine him for violating regulations that he had
         | personally introduced, publicly supported, and denied
         | violating? Because that's the state of the British government
         | at the moment.
        
           | KSteffensen wrote:
           | In democracies the populations get the politicians they
           | deserve. It's not like it's a surprise to anyone that Boris
           | Johnson's sole political project is Boris Johnson, but people
           | still voted for him.
        
           | blibble wrote:
           | US presidential system doesn't have votes of no confidence
        
       | minimilian wrote:
       | > Most of us who are running businesses had no real idea what
       | they were doing when they started
       | 
       | Who are they?
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | "No-one knows what they are doing"
       | 
       | Thanks. I'll tell my boss and let you know how my performance
       | review goes...
        
       | sylens wrote:
       | I think realizing this was the biggest disappointment of my adult
       | life. As a kid, you think that there are people looking after the
       | world, looking out for the best interests of society, etc. When
       | you get enough and can see behind the curtain, it's very
       | depressing.
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | I think it's not depressing but wonderful. All software sucks,
         | nobody knows what they're doing, etc, yet the world keeps
         | chugging along and there's all these incredible things to do,
         | amazing foods to eat and marvels of technology to play with.
         | Imagine if we actually knew what was going on! Rather than
         | feeling depressed that there's nobody with an actual plan, why
         | not be amazed that all these things can come out of such chaos?
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | I call this the hyper-competence fallacy: the mistaken idea that
       | some group of people (usually the ones in charge) are
       | consistently and significantly more likely to have their shit
       | together than the median person. I've met extremely smart people,
       | and extremely competent people, but they were only smart at
       | certain things, and only sometimes. They still made lots of
       | mistakes, even basic ones.
       | 
       | Some people are certainly better at their jobs than others, but
       | that you shouldn't just assume that the people in charge are
       | right without thinking things through and raising your hand to
       | ask questions.
       | 
       | Much more common are the people who are typically _incompetent_ ,
       | but who manage to make people think they know what they're doing.
       | People want to believe somebody knows the way. It can be hard to
       | spot incompetent leaders until it's too late, which is all the
       | more reason to be politely skeptical of anybody who acts like
       | they aren't playing catch up most of the time.
        
       | ardit33 wrote:
       | Not true at all at things that need practice and that are
       | recurrent.
       | 
       | From sports, to many other activities that have repetition,
       | people know what they are generally trying to do. That doesn't
       | mean that there is not a large degree of randomness, and some
       | improvisation. Eg:
       | 
       | 1. A penalty kicker knows what he/she is trying to do. Power over
       | placement, what corner they want to shoot it, etc. They have
       | practiced many times. Same with the goalie. The goalie will try
       | to guess, left, right, center, etc...
       | 
       | They have practiced this many time as well. Both parties know
       | what they are doing (at a professional level), yet there is
       | always a degree of randomness, and improvisation.
       | 
       | 2. A cop knows that in some corner it is much easier to catch
       | people that are speeding, and they can give tickets easy.
       | 
       | 3. A dentist has seen a root canal many times, and it is easy for
       | him/her to just fill another one. All teeth are different, yet
       | they are similar at the same time. Practice makes perfect. First
       | time doing a root cannal, or an extraction must be tough/nerve
       | racking. 10th time, a bit easier. 100th time, just another
       | routine day.
       | 
       | Anyways... but these type of articles are really good feel good
       | articles.
        
         | hermitcrab wrote:
         | I don't think running a business is anything like kicking
         | penalties. So many more variables and unknowns.
        
         | jstummbillig wrote:
         | If the goal is clear, and the rules are clear, the knowing-
         | what-to-do-level can be relatively high. As an example, a
         | typical game can be won with executing on the set rules with
         | skill. You can measure the success of your actions by looking
         | at the outcome. This seems so obvious that I don't think the
         | author would argue against it.
         | 
         | I think what the author is talking about is the space where
         | things become so complex that it's hard to attribute any action
         | to the outcome or, even worse, you can't even realistically
         | measure the outcome.
         | 
         | Applying this to your penalty kicker: Sure, you practice, you
         | get better. But so does everyone else. The question then is:
         | How and what to get better than the other guys? Why does one
         | guy succeed and the other doesn't? Yeah sure, because they hit
         | the ball in such a way that it enters the designated space -
         | but how do they set themselves up to accomplish that? How many
         | of the 24 hours you have in a day do you spend kicking the ball
         | from the penalty point? How much of it is recovery? When do you
         | get up? Planing and theory? Mental strength exercises? Food
         | intake? Massages, strength or balance workouts?
         | 
         | The failure is simply defined: You did not hit the ball in such
         | a way that it entered the goal. Sure - but why? How do you
         | adjust your routine in such a way that next time it's going to
         | be better, relative to everyone else, who is also trying to
         | improve?
         | 
         | In reality it's obviously more complex even still, because
         | there is no "penalty kicker" in football. So to become the best
         | possible soccer player, how much of your time should be
         | allocated to penalty kicking at all? And then how does your
         | penaltykickability scale while working on the other stuff that
         | you are also looking at?
         | 
         | And then, when we are exiting game space, it gets really
         | complicated, because all of a sudden it's not even clear what
         | winning even means. In soccer a win is neatly defined. It's
         | usually not the case in the real world. Is it a win to provide
         | health care to all? Is Bitcoin a win for humanity? Is it a good
         | goal to get people out of poverty or is the goal something else
         | and we trust that this will be a side effect of that goal? You
         | and I might agree on an answer, and then there is millions or
         | billions of people who don't, in theory or at least in
         | practice.
         | 
         | It's messy stuff.
        
       | jiggawatts wrote:
       | _Some people do_ , but they're the minority, and you might not
       | even notice them in the crowd.
       | 
       | I've seen well over a hundred organisations, small and large, in
       | my careers as a consultant. They're all run by the 90% that have
       | no idea what they're doing. They're chair warmers. Paper pushers.
       | Project mismanagers.
       | 
       | Then there are the 10% that keep the lights on, put the fires
       | out, have the brilliant ideas, and keep science and society
       | progressing.
       | 
       | Generally they're under-appreciated and under-paid. Sometimes
       | they're not noticed at all. That doesn't mean they don't exist!
       | 
       |  _Someone_ figured out all of the amazing things that you take
       | for granted in your life. The x-ray lasers use to make your
       | iPhone. The 5G protocol that lets it get gigabits while you 're
       | standing at a bus stop. The encoding that lets you stream your
       | own personal "TV channel". The chemistry that made up the OLED
       | panel that is bright enough to see in sunlight. On and on...
       | 
       | Companies... including startups... are like this. There are the
       | 90% that just keep treading water, and then there's the 10% that
       | push the boundaries.
        
         | niko001 wrote:
         | I don't think that necessarily contradicts what the author is
         | saying. Even you describe how these top 10% performers are
         | often underpaid, so in some areas (getting noticed, managing
         | office politics, switching companies to get pay rises) they
         | seemingly "don't know what they're doing". A lot of people are
         | brilliant in one particular area and at the same time fail
         | basic life tasks, even though to someone from the outside it
         | looks as if they've got everything figured out.
        
         | manmal wrote:
         | I guess if everybody were pushing the envelope, things would
         | get unstable quickly. Humanity survives on a lot of dumb grunt
         | work.
        
       | thom wrote:
       | Blast from the past! I used PerfectTablePlan for our wedding,
       | tweaked by the far superior 'do what your better half tells you'
       | algorithm. We used the same approach later when naming our first
       | child, I built a complicated machine learning system to learn
       | what names and sounds we liked, then we settled on my wife's
       | first choice.
       | 
       | The thing I've learned in life (and especially in sports
       | analytics where variance can dominate) is that "knowing what
       | you're doing" isn't any number of instances where you got
       | something right first time. It's having a process (or even a
       | process-creating-process!) that you're willing to stand by even
       | when individual results don't work out. The question isn't "would
       | you do it all again, knowing what you know now?" it's "would you
       | learn the same way in the future?" I think being open about this
       | with kids is pretty helpful.
        
         | thathndude wrote:
         | This second paragraph is consistent with advice from a piece on
         | HN about a month ago, describing how playing poker can make us
         | better at life. And one of the key principles was being process
         | oriented.
        
       | nahuel0x wrote:
       | _Can you remember when you first started to read? Doubtless you
       | thought that some day you would find in books the truth, the
       | answer to the very puzzling life you were discovering around you.
       | But you never did. If you were alert, you discovered that books
       | were conventions, as unlike life as a game of chess. The written
       | word is a sieve. Only so much of reality gets through as fits the
       | size and shape of the screen, and in some ways that is never
       | enough. . . . Most of the real difficulty of communication comes
       | from social convention, from a vast conspiracy to agree to accept
       | the world as something it really isn't at all._
       | 
       |  _Literature is a social defense mechanism. Remember again when
       | you were a child. You thought that some day you would grow up and
       | find a world of real adults -- the people who really made things
       | run -- and understand how and why things ran. . . . Then, as the
       | years went on, you learned, through more or less bitter
       | experience, that there aren't, and never have been, any such
       | people, anywhere. Life is just a mess, full of tall children,
       | grown stupider, less alert and resilient, and nobody knows what
       | makes it go -- as a whole, or any part of it. But nobody ever
       | tells._
       | 
       |  _Henry Miller tells. Andersen told about the little boy and the
       | Emperor's new clothes. Miller is the little boy himself. He tells
       | about the Emperor, about the pimples on his behind, and the warts
       | on his private parts, and the dirt between his toes. Other
       | writers in the past have done this, of course, and they are the
       | great ones, the real classics. But they have done it within the
       | conventions of literature. They have used the forms of the Great
       | Lie to expose the truth._
       | 
       | / Kenneth Rexroth.
        
         | sickcodebruh wrote:
         | _See, that will all make sense when I am older
         | 
         | So there's no need to be terrified or tense
         | 
         | I'll just dream about a time
         | 
         | When I'm in my age of prime
         | 
         | 'Cause when you're older
         | 
         | Absolutely everything makes sense_
         | 
         | - Olaf the Snowman, Frozen 2
        
       | seaerkin wrote:
       | I like this post a lot, and I can certainly relate to this
       | working in the business technology sector as a developer and as a
       | generalist technology consultant for a large firm. Contracts get
       | signed, and half the time, the seller doesn't understand what
       | they're selling, and the buyer is buying an idea and truly
       | doesn't get it either, then it's up to the technical consultants
       | to take their best stab at it while being billed out as an
       | "expert."
       | 
       | Then you have professions that are much more black and white,
       | mainly the trades and non-technology engineering. Their survival
       | is contingent on knowing what they're doing, most of the time and
       | they gain more profit by being efficient with tasks they've seen
       | time and time again. Think of a plumber or garage door repairman
       | whose seen your specific problem hundreds of times before. A good
       | tradesperson will know precisely what they are doing.
       | 
       | I'm not sure where I'm going with these rambles, but the
       | encouraging view of what the author is writing about here can
       | almost be described as embracing uncertainty in the business
       | world where the rules aren't clearly defined. Much different than
       | the trades or non-tech engineering, where the end deliverable is
       | something that is more concrete (no pun intended) and easily
       | understood by the average person.
        
       | taylodl wrote:
       | Actually people do know what they're doing. They're simply making
       | decisions with incomplete and/or probabilistic data. They want to
       | make decisions maximizing the most likely scenarios while
       | minimizing the most negative outcomes. That's why it's called a
       | balancing act and there's various techniques one can utilize for
       | making decisions in such an environment.
       | 
       | This is a reason why many businesses fail. Sure, just about
       | everybody can make good decisions if you have accurate and
       | complete data with which to make those decisions. That just
       | doesn't typically happen too often when running a business. It's
       | a far cry though from saying "nobody knows what they are doing."
       | That's just simply not true.
        
       | Hoasi wrote:
       | That's when "you don't know what you are doing" that you can do
       | your best work. If you know what you are doing all of the time,
       | it means you are not learning new things.
        
       | iamdamian wrote:
       | The Gervais Principle shows up every once in a while on Hacker
       | News and seems relevant:
       | 
       | https://www.ribbonfarm.com/the-gervais-principle/
        
       | EnKopVand wrote:
       | I'm going to let you in on a little secret. I spent almost a
       | decade in public sector digitalisation in Denmark, and those
       | politicians who look like they don't know what they are doing in
       | the media, well, they absolutely know what they are doing. Not
       | only that, but they get advice from a bureaucracy full of well
       | educated, really smart people, who also know what they are doing
       | and have known so for decades. One of the things that struck me
       | going in was just how much people know exactly what they are
       | doing, and, to my own discredit, just how engaged and well
       | meaning those people are. What eventually led me to leave the
       | public sector is that there is a very big difference between
       | knowing what you're doing and doing the "smart/right" thing,
       | especially when you're held accountable by an entire country, if
       | not the world.
       | 
       | I've seen the same sort of thing in the private sector. Once you
       | zoom out enough to understand decisions from the perspective they
       | are being taken from, they very often make perfect sense. That
       | doesn't mean those very same decisions aren't a load of bollocks
       | from a lot of perspectives, but they are rarely just "fake it
       | till you make it" sort of deals.
       | 
       | I think this author suffers from childhood delusion in that the
       | author still thinks adults are supposed to have the answers for
       | everything, which isn't true. There is a lot to be said about
       | figuring things out a long the way, but it's not like people
       | don't know what they are doing, because we learn, we adapt and we
       | very often plan ahead. I mean, the author even sort of
       | contradicts the title or the article in the discussion on whether
       | to do more SEO, YouTube, and/or, networking because that is
       | already knowing a lot, just not everything.
       | 
       | A more accurate way to view the world would be that most people
       | don't know exactly how they are going to execute their long term
       | plans, but almost every successful adult I have ever met did have
       | both a plan and a genuinely good idea on how to execute it. From
       | everything to their careers to raising their children, and I
       | think it's very easy to see when someone actually doesn't know,
       | because often they are either drowning, looking for help or both,
       | or, alternatively never even beginning on the thing they want.
        
         | durnygbur wrote:
         | The bureaucrats one has to deal with as taxpayer, insuree,
         | petent, or immigrant are different kind of bureaucrats from
         | those holding high positions and advising to them. That's how
         | one gets idea that they don't know what they're doing, they job
         | is to push you away, hold you back. The second kind though...
         | yes it takes enormous volume of cunningness, insight, non-
         | public information to acquire and expand position of power.
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | Well digitalization in Denmark is an absolute train wreck of
         | ill thought out decisions. To such a degree that the people in
         | charge of it are either dumb or have ulterior motives. Having
         | worked with bureaucrats as an external consultant and as
         | someone that provided information to the answers for minister
         | questions, I have a much different opinion of our dear
         | bureaucrats.
         | 
         | They might be smart, but it has no impact on the quality of
         | their work. Right or wrong, good or bad, non of that has any
         | bearing on how they do their work. They want to get stuff done.
         | Without getting in any political trouble. In a way that can be
         | claimed as a win (if it actually is a win is immaterial).
        
           | m0llusk wrote:
           | Sometimes the idea is to do things wrong and then use that
           | experience to do things correctly later and if possible use
           | events to sweep aside the current political order.
        
           | EnKopVand wrote:
           | > Well digitalization in Denmark is an absolute train wreck
           | of ill thought out decisions.
           | 
           | Yes, and it's also competing with Estonia at being the best
           | in the world.
           | 
           | One of the things that burned me out was actually the poor
           | decision making, from my technical point of view mind you.
           | I'll simplify what I mean by a made up example of a platform
           | selection process. Your organisation needs a headless CMS,
           | your external consultants tells you this, your tech staff
           | tells you this and even your friends from competitors that
           | you network with privately tell you this. The issue is that
           | your company strategy is to rely as little on internal IT
           | resources as possible, and any available headless CMS
           | (because you can't outhouse the data) requires technical
           | talent. So what do you do? Well, you pick something else,
           | like Wordpress, the Microsoft powerplatform or similar, and
           | you do fine. The solution is shit technically, but it also
           | works good enough while achieving its primary strategic goal
           | within your organisation.
           | 
           | Public sector digitalisation is that, except a billion times
           | more complicated and with the added bonus of having changing
           | political leadership. For a few years we had a designated
           | minister in Sophie Lohde, who setup a branch of the
           | digitalisation ministry to build a cross sector national
           | enterprise architecture inspired by the one they run in the
           | municipalities (KL) called rammearkitekturen. The group had
           | an extreme amount of talent and improved on the 20 years of
           | KL work so much it was like the whole thing went from the
           | stoneage to the spaceage in less than a year. Then Sophie
           | Lodhe got a different job, the task force was disbanded and
           | everything related to governance went back to the
           | municipalities (KL and KOMBIT) whom through out the process
           | had suffered from an extreme inability to kill their
           | darlings.
           | 
           | I mean, that's just a glimpse of it, but you don't have to
           | work with other European countries for very long until you
           | relive just how awesome digitalisation is in Denmark by
           | comparison. Part of my current job is dealing with the fact
           | that FTP is still a very common data transfer channel in
           | Germany and France, and I didn't miss that S in SFTP, because
           | that's something even massive tech companies that shall
           | remain unnamed hadn't heard about until I asked them why it
           | wasn't encrypted.
        
         | hermitcrab wrote:
         | That the UK government basically knew what they were doing may
         | have been true 5 years ago. Today, not so much.
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | Do you think? They're starting to cut into our human rights,
           | and workers rights, they've brought in measures to stop
           | democratic protests, stripped public services, they've
           | increased tax on the poor and removed tax from business/rich
           | (cutting tax on Champagne whilst lecturing the populace on
           | the need for austerity was a particularly evil-villain
           | twist); they straight up funneled PSBillions out of the
           | Exchequer under the guise of PPE payments and then just said
           | that the whole scandal want going to be investigated, they
           | clearly had arrangements with the Met to allow them to avoid
           | the law ... they seem to be doing exactly what they intend,
           | making oodles of money.
           | 
           | They removed EU oversight and loaded top civil service
           | positions with yes-men.
           | 
           | They've achieved a lot, all to the detriment of the country
           | and regular people. What makes you say they don't know what
           | they're doing?
        
             | hermitcrab wrote:
             | I don't disagree with any of the above. But it is probably
             | at least as much down to incompetence as greed. Please
             | don't try and tell me that Nadine Dorries is some sort of
             | evil genius.
        
         | tpoacher wrote:
         | I think this largely depends on the definition of "know".
         | 
         | E.g., when I used to work as a doctor in hospital, the last
         | thing I would describe my colleagues as would be incompetent or
         | un-knowing. They all "knew" stuff. Heck, they had to pass
         | stringent exams, and were still accountable to several agencies
         | to ensure being up to date.
         | 
         | The thing is, 50% of what they "knew" was wrong. And if you
         | looked a bit under the surface, what one person "knew" was very
         | different, and often contradicting what the other one "knew",
         | even though they both "knew" stuff. And after many years, I've
         | come to the conclusion that the number one cause of modern
         | disease is iatrogenic, but most doctors seem not to want to
         | admit this, and stick to what they "know" from textbooks
         | instead. This is something I now "know".
         | 
         | And that doesn't even take the whole "is 'know' a binary or
         | fuzzy concept, and if it's the latter, how much 'know' counts
         | as actual 'know'" argument into account to begin with.
         | 
         | So, I hear the argument that "maybe OP is just an impostor
         | projecting their views in a world full of experts" (wildly
         | paraphrasing, obviously), but I also think you're perhaps being
         | a bit too rigid here in discounting that expertise is a
         | relatively fuzzy term.
        
           | platz wrote:
           | what is an example of a modern disease whos main cause is
           | iatrogenic
        
             | mellavora wrote:
             | I was also curious, so looked it up on Wikipedia:
             | 
             | > Iatrogenesis is the causation of a disease, a harmful
             | complication, or other ill effect by any medical activity,
             | including diagnosis, intervention, error, or
             | negligence.[1][2][3] First used in this sense in 1924,[1]
             | the term was introduced to sociology in 1976 by Ivan
             | Illich, alleging that industrialized societies impair
             | quality of life by overmedicalizing life.[4] Iatrogenesis
             | may thus include mental suffering via medical beliefs or a
             | practitioner's statements.[4][5][6] Some iatrogenic events
             | are obvious, like amputation of the wrong limb, whereas
             | others, like drug interactions, can evade recognition. In a
             | 2013 estimate, about 20 million negative effects from
             | treatment had occurred globally.[7] In 2013, an estimated
             | 142,000 persons died from adverse effects of medical
             | treatment, up from an estimated 94,000 in 1990.[8]
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrogenesis
        
               | platz wrote:
               | I know the word has a definition.
               | 
               | I wanted to know what tpoacher's lived experience and
               | personal observation was to cause him to make the
               | statement.
        
           | quickthrower2 wrote:
           | Doctors are great if you have a problem doctors are great at.
           | Otherwise for something like CFS the best resources are CFS
           | communities and a doctor without all the answers, willing to
           | help you explore.
        
             | geoduck14 wrote:
             | >Doctors are great if you have a problem doctors are great
             | at.
             | 
             | This is tantological- but it has some great depth. I'd like
             | to quote you on this, if I may.
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | Almost tautological: because it is not "doctors are great
               | at helping with any medical problem". And by great I
               | don't mean cure anything, but give the best outcome
               | possible with technology and budget for the person.
        
           | t-0 wrote:
           | I appreciate that you are using exageration to make a point,
           | but it's worth noting for the record that iatrogenicity is
           | hardley the number one cause of modern disease. Having a
           | medical problem is a prerequisite to the chance of iatrogenic
           | harm after all. Furthermore, a patient can suffer from
           | iatrogenic harm even if everything was done correctly, and
           | does not imply that someone didn't "know" something
           | correctly.
        
             | tpoacher wrote:
             | It is not intended as an exaggeration. Though I fully admit
             | I'm using 'iatrogenic' in the broader sense of "things
             | people do or have done to themselves for the sake of
             | treating or preventing a condition, perceived or
             | otherwise". This includes alternative therapies, over the
             | counter medications, etc. So I fully agree if your
             | perception of iatrogenic was only things like "removed the
             | wrong kidney", then I can see why you might have thought I
             | was exaggerating, since that is indeed pretty rare, and
             | there are safeguards in place for that kind of thing.
             | 
             | The statement is not intended as an attack against the
             | medical professions or the effectiveness of medicine. It is
             | intended as pointing out my observation that, typically, a
             | doctor would list such iatrogenic causes very low on their
             | list of differentials to consider, preferring to consider
             | 'textbook' causes first. However, my own experience (which,
             | is medical, but admittedly "anecdata") is that at present,
             | iatrogenic causes are very relevant, and at least as
             | likely, if not more, to yield a relevant diagnosis compared
             | to textbook stuff in a high proportion of presentations.
             | 
             | A classic example of this is doctors treating symptoms by
             | adding more medication/treatment options, rarely removing
             | medications/treatments that may be causing those symptoms
             | in the first place. Especially if that medication was
             | started by a different specialist. It usually takes several
             | rounds of inconclusive investigations and experimenting
             | with treatments before altering an existing medication is
             | even considered.
             | 
             | At the very least, having a "exclude iatrogenic causes
             | first, before moving on to 'classic' stuff" is a good
             | mindset to have.
             | 
             | > Furthermore, a patient can suffer from iatrogenic harm
             | even if everything was done correctly, and does not imply
             | that someone didn't "know" something correctly.
             | 
             | There's a popular quote often said to medical students when
             | they start: "50% of what we'll be teaching you will have
             | become obsolete or proven wrong by the time you graduate;
             | unfortunately we don't know which 50%.".
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | > adults are supposed to have the answers for everything, which
         | isn't true
         | 
         | That's the gist of all of it. No one knows what are they doing
         | because the adults actually don't have all the answers, on the
         | other hand smart people know what they want to achieve and they
         | have idea and a plan for it and simply try their best. They
         | know what are they doing in the context of their understanding,
         | idea and desires, it's just that their understanding and ideas
         | have limits.
        
         | p0d wrote:
         | I also prefer your comment to the post. The most successful
         | people in business I know are very bright and hard workers. I
         | like the fact that the writer of the original article is
         | showing some humility. I don't think we should signal however
         | that anyone can succeed in business by bluffing it. I say, have
         | a go at business but don't give up the day job if you can't
         | afford it.
        
         | hermitcrab wrote:
         | Ex-British politician, Rory Stewart, said that (paraphrasing
         | from memory) that every time he started to understand about a
         | ministerial appointment, he would get promoted to another
         | department.
        
         | hyperpallium2 wrote:
         | Politicians, on politicized issues, come across as children.
         | But I was amazed to discover, in a document discussion non-
         | politicized legislation, they were well-informed and sensible,
         | and, as you say, supported by extremely capable members of a
         | bureaucracy. Each conclusion was tempered by how confidence
         | levels in its supporting material. In other words, it was just
         | what you'd want it to be. Also, clearly written and a pleasure
         | to read.
         | 
         | They are only idiots on stage. Which says something about our
         | democracy.
         | 
         | OTOH mathematically speaking, if you don't perfectly know what
         | you are doing... _you you don 't know what you're doing_.
        
           | smitty1e wrote:
           | > They are only idiots on stage. Which says something about
           | our democracy.
           | 
           | 1. Savvy across the organization adds like resistance in a
           | parallel circuit: the org as a whole is slightly less savvy
           | than the biggest doof therein.
           | 
           | 2. Restated: people scale poorly.
           | 
           | 3. In the government case, minimizining flailing and tyranny
           | equates to minimizing the size of government.
           | 
           | 4. We seem to trend the opposite direction from (3).
        
             | audunw wrote:
             | > 3. In the government case, minimizining flailing and
             | tyranny equates to minimizing the size of government.
             | 
             | Whoa there. There are plenty of very small governments that
             | have plenty of flailing and tyranny. In the limit, if
             | government is just one guy, he clearly won't have clue
             | about 99% of what he's doing, and will be extremely easy to
             | corrupt since he has no-one else to hold him accountable.
             | 
             | If you want to have even a chance of having a competent
             | government you need at least three fully independent
             | branches of government with their own internal systems of
             | accountability.
             | 
             | I could just as easily argue that you need to maximize the
             | size of the government.
             | 
             | The problem is you hit issues both at the small and the
             | large end. It's like goldilocks. You shouldn't minimize or
             | maximize. You should aim at _just the right size_ for the
             | country /region you're trying to govern.
             | 
             | What's WAY, WAY more important is HOW you govern.
             | 
             | What's really scary these days is how many people think
             | we'll solve all our problems if we just make government
             | smaller and smaller. I guess so much time has passed since
             | the various parts of our government was set up that we've
             | kind of forgotten why the government is the way it is.
             | 
             | Not that we shouldn't have a process that trims down parts
             | of government that has become redundant. But we should have
             | a deep understanding of the problem that part of the
             | government is solving before doing so.
        
               | smitty1e wrote:
               | > What's really scary these days is how many people think
               | we'll solve all our problems if we just make government
               | smaller and smaller.
               | 
               | You said "solve". I said "minimize". Details matter,
               | boss.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | > What's really scary these days is how many people think
               | we'll solve all our problems if we just make government
               | smaller and smaller.
               | 
               | And what's really really scary is how many people, at
               | least in the US, worry about government being too small
               | when in reality it has been almost monotonically growing
               | since the 1960s. Non defense federal spending as a share
               | of GDP is bigger than the 1960s. And state and local
               | government spending has grown twice as fast as GDP since
               | 1960.
               | 
               | I think people confuse Reagan's rhetoric with the reality
               | that Democrats controlled the House, and thus spending
               | bills, his entire presidency. The Reagan era was a period
               | of government retrenchment in the same sense as Biden is
               | the second coming of FDR.
        
               | 10000truths wrote:
               | As with other things, quality matters more than quantity.
               | A village elder or city mayor are just as fallible as a
               | parliament, or a king and his council. The mechanism of
               | corruption may vary with historical circumstance,
               | culture, and/or technology. But at the end of the day, if
               | the "people in charge" are unaccountable and have no
               | desire to exercise their power for the common good, there
               | is no system of checks and balances that will save such a
               | government from collapse.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | > the org as a whole is slightly less savvy than the
             | biggest doof therein.
             | 
             | I've seen about 220 'orgs' from the outside in, interviewed
             | a few thousand people in those orgs and have done the write
             | up on the state of affairs. I've yet to find a single
             | example that would support this claim, where did you get
             | this from?
        
               | smitty1e wrote:
               | Personal observation of Congress.
        
             | adrianN wrote:
             | >Savvy across the organization adds like resistance in a
             | parallel circuit: the org as a whole is slightly less savvy
             | than the biggest doof therein
             | 
             | That seems like a very bold premise to me.
        
         | raducu wrote:
         | > well, they absolutely know what they are doing
         | 
         | My grandfather had neighbours whom he routinely looked down
         | upon because of their alcohol problem.
         | 
         | Very late in the life of one of their children I talked with
         | him and found out he was a really smart guy, knew a lot of IT
         | stuff, 3D design an all, but he simply lucked out in late 90's
         | Romania, used a lot of alcohol and could not pull himself out
         | of it. He died because he was drunk and after loading a wagon
         | of wood for my grandma he struck his head on the pavement. My
         | father insisted he went to the hospital because he has not
         | feeling well but the guy refused. He died a couple of days
         | later because of brain hemorrhage, in his early 50s.
         | 
         | Another guy in the village, a really helpful fellow, you would
         | never believe it by his appearance or demeanor, but he was a
         | retired secret-service officer and used to brief the president.
         | 
         | A female child development therapist that made a bad impression
         | on myself(she seemed fixated on puzzle solving) was later
         | recommended by others as an expert in her field.
         | 
         | So yes, everybody can have a bad day and its really easy to
         | misjudge someone by their appearance.
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | I'm reminded of when I was in college in Model U.N., there
           | was one guy in the group who presented very socially awkward
           | (his posture made him look like a question mark in profile,
           | he was kind of physically awkward, didn't participate in the
           | social activities of the club). My senior year, I was the
           | secretary-general1 of the club. We'd finally let him chair a
           | committee at our annual conference that we held for Southern
           | California high school students. I was walking from committee
           | room to committee room during the conference checking on how
           | things were going and when I looked in on his committee--
           | well, he was totally rocking it. I realized we had squandered
           | his talents for four years because of surface appearances.
           | 
           | [?]
           | 
           | 1. The pretentious way that Model U.N. clubs name what's
           | effectively the president.
        
         | rawbot wrote:
         | I agree with you. One other point I would like to make is that
         | it seems a lot of decisions are made after a lot of fatigue-
         | inducing processes, which just seem to lead to a lot of
         | compromises nobody really wants, but that also no one wants to
         | rebuke, since the process to arrive to the decision was already
         | too drawn-out.
        
         | nathias wrote:
         | They know what they are doing in their immediate context, they
         | follow the rules of their bureacuracies but have no idea nor
         | possible idea of the consequences of their policies. And their
         | being "well-meaning" has a very narrow scope limited to their
         | immediate social and economic class.
        
         | NewEntryHN wrote:
         | The author is not talking about the same standard. "Knowing
         | what you're doing" means that you're familiar with a situation
         | and you know exactly the correct course of action. This is not
         | the case for most things in adult life (especially politics),
         | in which every problem is a new problem, for which you use
         | heuristics to converge to a solution, that isn't perfect, but
         | at least tries something out.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | The person drowning looking for help can become the person in
         | the know with a plan. Easy to forget we were all babies once
         | and learned everything from others. Attitude of course makes a
         | difference. So does luck.
        
         | kortilla wrote:
         | > be that most people don't know exactly how they are going to
         | execute their long term plans
         | 
         | That's "not knowing what you're doing" and not really different
         | from "fake it until you make it" either.
         | 
         | If you don't have a really concrete plan to achieve a certain
         | goal, you quite literally don't know what you're doing.
        
           | hermitcrab wrote:
           | "Fake it until you make it" involves bluffing and deception.
           | Which is very different to asserting that we are all just
           | muddling along, doing the best we can.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | spupe wrote:
         | > A more accurate way to view the world would be that most
         | people don't know exactly how they are going to execute their
         | long term plans, but almost every successful adult I have ever
         | met did have both a plan and a genuinely good idea on how to
         | execute it.
         | 
         | Yes, absolutely. I think there is a specific niche of
         | motivational "you can do it!" stuff which basically boils down
         | to "everyone is winging it, so fuck it", and it's dishonest.
         | Few hard things are achieved with this attitude, even if
         | sometimes it's true that you improvise a lot.
         | 
         | Beautifully written post by the way, it really nails down some
         | major points that I find more motivational than the original
         | post.
        
           | mypastself wrote:
           | Another one I've seen is interpreting the statement "if you
           | have an imposter syndrome, you can't be an imposter" as "if
           | you _feel like_ an imposter, you can't be an imposter". I'm
           | sure that approach can have the effect of temporarily helping
           | someone's self-esteem, but it's based on highly questionable
           | reasoning.
        
         | roenxi wrote:
         | Here we run into the philosophical question of what it means to
         | "know what you are doing".
         | 
         | On the one hand people may have the best of advice and make
         | decisions that are extremely clever in a specific context. And
         | on the other the world is fundamentally too chaotic - the most
         | important factors are generally unknowns or unanticipated.
        
         | benjaminwootton wrote:
         | I've been fairly close to the digitalisation agenda in UK
         | public sector, and apart from pockets, I find it hard to be so
         | generous.
         | 
         | Horrible outsourcing deals with the usual suspects and enormous
         | failed programmes are still the default.
        
           | nonrandomstring wrote:
           | Reading the parent comment about Denmark made me sad. I feel
           | that in the UK we have smart, dedicated, well intentioned
           | people just like Denmark, but if the NHS RiO system and
           | Track-and-Trace are anything to go by we are plagued by
           | massive corruption in the IT sector.
           | 
           | This is the country of Alan Turing, Sir Tim Berners-Lee and
           | Acorn RISC Machines. We need a new broom on public IT. I
           | think we also need an outright ban on using Microsoft and
           | other Big Tech contracts and a policy to rebuild skills and
           | bring them back in.
           | 
           | One of the most disgraceful episodes of late was the UK
           | basically outsourcing our whole intelligence show to Amazon.
           | Our corrupt minister Priti Patel sold out MI5/6/GCHQ. For
           | over a year she has refused to answer questions on the
           | decision, her connections and kickbacks.
        
             | shrikant wrote:
             | FWIW, I've done some work in the UK public sector,
             | including but not limited to the NHS.
             | 
             | In my experience, any time the tech folks were in-house,
             | the "doer class" (i.e. the boots-on-the-ground engineers)
             | were some of the smartest, most motivated individuals I've
             | worked with, who pretty consistently gave great output (for
             | e.g., shipping products, system design, software
             | architecture, balancing tech debt with delivery velocity)
             | in the face of almost uniformly painful obstacles, like the
             | tooling they could work, or being jerked around by changing
             | political priorities.
             | 
             | OTOH, any time the tech folks were a long-term outsourced
             | arrangement, you could expect to find (WITHOUT EXCEPTION)
             | ridiculous amounts of cruft, hacks and frankly unacceptable
             | shortcuts in the tech systems and interfaces, and the few
             | people of this ilk that I did deal with, were entirely
             | focussed on Goodhart's Law-ing their way to their next gig.
             | (TBH, I can't really blame the individuals as they're
             | merely responding in the most rational manner to their
             | incentives).
             | 
             | > I think we also need [...] a policy to rebuild skills and
             | bring them back in.
             | 
             | Absolutely 100% agreed, but I suspect we lack the political
             | will/vision, and the requisite leadership/management
             | abilities to be able to do this in a manner that doesn't
             | just result in the next round of useless bungs to
             | politically connected mates.
             | 
             | P.S.: Entirely off-topic -- do you compose your replies in
             | Emacs or something like that? Or at least resort to using
             | semantic line breaks? (https://sembr.org/) I ask because
             | your comment looks fine on the website, but shows line
             | breaks after sentences in an HN reader app that I use.
        
               | nonrandomstring wrote:
               | > In my experience, any time the tech folks were in-
               | house, the "doer class" (i.e. the boots-on-the-ground
               | engineers) were some of the smartest, most motivated
               | individuals I've worked with
               | 
               | Lions led by donkeys as they used to say.
               | 
               | > I suspect we lack the political will/vision, and the
               | requisite > leadership/management abilities
               | 
               | I'll differ a little here. I think we _can_ have capable
               | people at all levels and I am generally confident in the
               | UK to come through in the end. We can do good leadership
               | too. The reason the donkeys won 't carry their load is
               | that they're corrupt, undisciplined and disloyal. They're
               | there to serve us but we forget who holds the stick.
               | 
               | > manner that doesn't just result in the next round of
               | useless bungs > to politically connected mates.
               | 
               | Precisely. My guess is Nick Clegg and Priti Patel are the
               | tip of a gargantuan iceberg. We're becoming a vassal
               | state to the third richest "nation state" on Earth [1],
               | because they have our politicians in their pockets.
               | 
               | [1] The combined wealth of Google, Microsoft, Apple,
               | Amazon and Facebook now places them collectively above
               | Russia as the number three "superpower".
               | https://www.wired.co.uk/article/big-tech-geopolitics
               | 
               | > P.S.: Entirely off-topic -- do you compose your replies
               | in Emacs or something like that? Or at least resort to
               | using semantic line breaks? (https://sembr.org/) I ask
               | because your comment looks fine on the website, but shows
               | line breaks after sentences in an HN reader
               | 
               | Yes, Emacs, Well spotted. Yet another fingerprint to
               | watch for! :)
        
             | benjaminwootton wrote:
             | I think the bigger problem is the consultancies and system
             | integrators.
             | 
             | The government sign huge outsourcing which propose large,
             | expensive, long waterfall style projects with outdated
             | architecture etc.
             | 
             | Time and time again these programmes fail, but the
             | government money just keeps on flowing.
        
             | DanBC wrote:
             | RiO isn't an NHS product, it's made by Servelec who sell it
             | to some NHS organisations. Yes, it's terrible.
             | 
             | https://www.servelec.co.uk/product-range/rio-epr-system/
        
         | radu_floricica wrote:
         | Danmark vs Britain. From what I read occasionally in Dominic
         | Cumming's blog, Boris isn't particularly good at using the
         | bureaucracy.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | Not to defend Johnson, but DC has an axe to grind.
        
           | alvperez82 wrote:
           | Absolutely true, the most realistic post about business that
           | I've red in time
           | 
           | you are complaining about Boris, you have to see here in
           | Spain to Pedro Sanchez, it's a completely mess
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Given even just Johnson's COVID history -- banned
             | unnecessary gatherings under penalty of fines with a large
             | publicity campaign, attended at least eight of the at least
             | sixteen unnecessary gatherings at No. 10 (including his
             | birthday and a Christmas party), caught COVID and almost
             | died from it, repeatedly asserted that there had not been
             | any party and that if that no rules wrote broken, was fined
             | for breaking the rules, and still hasn't resigned -- I
             | dread to think what you have in mind for Mr Sanchez.
        
               | bluefone wrote:
               | What's this fuss about parties and rules? If these are
               | biggest issues you worry about, then your country is
               | being run by some very good politicians who ensured that
               | there are no other bigger problems for you to worry
               | about.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | That's an interesting take on subverting the rule of law.
               | Most law breaking in Western Democracies by first
               | ministers is probably not as obvious?
               | 
               | Johnson also, with the help of the Queen, unlawfully
               | prorogued (ie ended the session of) parliament in order
               | to avoid democracy acting against him.
               | 
               | He lost two previous jobs for lying (in politics and
               | journalism; you have to try really hard to lose a post
               | for lying in either occupation it seems). Apart from his
               | handlers I can't see how anyone would employ him for any
               | role.
               | 
               | He's very bright, his team manipulate the news/news cycle
               | in similar way to Trump, and it's documented fact that he
               | purposefully plays the fool.
        
               | bluefone wrote:
               | first world problems. lol
        
         | lbriner wrote:
         | Yes I agree, that it is easy to assume people are not clever
         | but you only have to see most Politicians after they leave
         | Government to hear how (usually) perceptive, articulate and
         | intelligent they are - which presumably is how they convinced
         | people to vote for them.
         | 
         | However, Government is like a big corporation with extreme
         | levels of power and corruption in every country. It is also
         | largely unique in that the Prime Minister/President can't just
         | get rid of people they don't like or are not very good at their
         | job, the voters recruited them! So then you balanbce priority,
         | idealism, party politics, saving-face, money, making yourselves
         | look powerful to the world, trade agreements and loads of other
         | things. To be fair, it is remarkable we get anything useful out
         | of it.
        
         | borroka wrote:
         | I had very different experiences.
         | 
         | I worked for an acronym company in which the majority of
         | "leaders" were smart, driven, capable, and despite mistakes
         | that anyone can make, it would have not been fair to call them
         | incompetent.
         | 
         | Some were incompetent, they got promoted into positions of
         | responsibility and power when the company was scaling up so
         | fast that they could not hire externally for those positions
         | fast enough, and the internally vetting was weak. Then, they
         | created their "network of power" within the company and they
         | went on working incompetently for a few years. And then there
         | were people like my former boss who are idiots with an academic
         | title of some weight. Many such cases.
         | 
         | I then worked for a huge company, but not an acronym one, and
         | at the Director/VP/C- level there are pockets of incompetence
         | that are difficult to explain to others and to accept as
         | possible.
         | 
         | CTOs that know little about technology, VPs that ask LinkedIn
         | for surveys of employer retention to make the case that they
         | were not losing more people in a year than, say, Google, but
         | not accounting for the fact that we could not hire anyone for
         | months while Google is so worried about false positives that
         | they reject plenty of very viable candidates. The same slides
         | presented at each all-hands meetings not to reinforce the
         | vision or goals, but because they are too lazy to prepare new
         | slides for an audience of 500 people, who looked at themselves
         | asking: again?
         | 
         | One might say that they are competent at navigating company
         | politics, which is like saying that the employee sleeping with
         | their bosses are competent at getting promotions.
         | 
         | When I worked in academia (not in the US, if that matters),
         | there were plenty of tenured professors that I would say were
         | in the bottom 5 or 10% in terms of competence, research plans,
         | management of students and postdocs, when compared to all
         | postdocs in the same research area. Useless professionals that
         | schemed their way through academia. And everybody knows that,
         | but people who are inside have nothing to gain by exposing
         | them, and people who leave academia they say, well, not my
         | problem anymore, f them.
         | 
         | In my home country, the vast majority of politicians are
         | incompetent outside of their core competence, which is getting
         | votes.
         | 
         | I was under the impression, when I was younger, that I was
         | wrong whenever I saw someone in a position of power, be it in
         | the private sector or public office, who I saw as incompetence.
         | How is it possible, I was asking myself, that somebody can get
         | promoted, assigned huge responsibilities, be accepted by their
         | peers when they are not at their level or at the level of
         | competence required by their position. But it is very possible
         | and in reality quite frequent.
        
         | _zamorano_ wrote:
         | >>> when you're held accountable by an entire country...
         | 
         | This is blatantly untrue.
         | 
         | Heck, the infamous trifecta Bush-Blair-Aznar led their
         | countries on a war that destroyed a country and costed many
         | human lifes, based on what we know were lies and invented data.
         | What consecuences did they face?
         | 
         | And that's just an example. I can show you as many corruption
         | cases as you want, and see how the subjects go on with their
         | careers untouched.
        
           | lbriner wrote:
           | OP wasn't saying that all people are always held accountable
           | for all of their actions but the Iraq war caused a massive
           | problem for Labour at the polls that they never really
           | recovered from. Also, the incessent onslaught of media
           | vultures trying to stir trouble for a headline will certainly
           | make it harder for people to make decisions that they believe
           | to be right because most people won't understand all of the
           | variables and will cause massive criticism.
           | 
           | Until we are front page news for being "naive", "stupid",
           | "arrogant", "monster", we can't really understand the
           | pressure that Governments are under.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | _> When I was a child I assumed that all the adults running the
       | world knew what they were doing. Now that I am an adult, I am
       | under no such illusions. Just look at the current British
       | government. They clearly don't have a clue. A more mediocre bunch
       | of individuals would be hard to find._
       | 
       | I remember viewing an interview with John Cleese, and he said
       | almost exactly the same thing.
       | 
       | I feel as if I have a "heuristic" for life, as opposed to
       | "rules." It helps that whole "making up as we go along" thing.
        
       | travisgriggs wrote:
       | If you accept the adage "the greater my sphere of knowledge, the
       | greater my contact with the unknown" (I do), you can see how the
       | author's sentiment exists even as we age and even grow in wisdom
       | and knowledge.
       | 
       | One of my realizations is that it's harder to telegraph what you
       | don't know than what you do know. It's easy to see that older
       | people have journeyed the paths were on, and seem to "know what
       | they're doing." In reality, what they know (to some degree) is
       | what _we_ (the less traveled) are experiencing. But they, having
       | thought they were coming to the end of their journey, have found
       | their is yet more to learn and sometimes pop up in moments like
       | this to exclaim "guys, this journey just keep going! I still
       | don't _know_! Acquisition of knowledge and experience has no end
       | game!" It's humbling.
        
         | polynomial wrote:
         | Great adage. It's from David Christian in Origin Story: A Big
         | History of Everything, but really it's just a paraphrasing of
         | Einstein, who compared knowledge to a circle, and referred to
         | the circumference of darkness, rather than the unknown.
        
       | rpmisms wrote:
       | I know what I'm doing, I just don't always know how to do it. But
       | I know how to find out, and I have the mental framework to pick
       | it up quickly. That's what juniors should understand about how
       | this works. You'll never know everything, but you should know
       | _how_ to know.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | hkon wrote:
       | Having worked many places and looked at various technical
       | solutions developed and used, I can understand where the author
       | is coming from. Many things work and get the job done, but it's
       | clear that the creators had little knowledge about how to solve
       | the problems they solved from a mere technical know-how
       | perspective.
       | 
       | I read him as don't think you need to know everything about
       | something to start doing it.
        
         | rockbruno wrote:
         | Agreed that this is a thing, but this is not what the article
         | is about. Running a business and having software engineering
         | prowess are two different problem areas.
        
           | hkon wrote:
           | I know, it was just an example of the same in another area.
        
         | hermitcrab wrote:
         | "don't think you need to know everything about something to
         | start doing it" is probably a more accurate title, but less
         | snappy. Also it doesn't hurt for the title to be a bit
         | polarizing. ;0)
        
       | c03 wrote:
       | Why is this so far up on hacker news? It's 3 paragraphs of
       | groundless whining and self-promotion with absolutely no
       | substance.
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | Give me a second, let me check the "reason" field next to each
         | upvote in the HN database real quick.
        
           | js8 wrote:
           | To save you writing the DB query: I sometimes upvote based on
           | the discussion itself.
        
         | blibble wrote:
         | because it's attacking the tories
        
       | hansword wrote:
       | I agree with the sentiment that adults are much better at
       | projecting confidence than actually knowing what the heck they
       | are doing or even making smart decisions.
       | 
       | The advice of just founding a company without a plan? Not so
       | much....
        
         | lbriner wrote:
         | I don't know who said it but "Failing to plan is planning to
         | fail, however, no war was ever won by planning alone".
         | 
         | In other words, most of business (as well as life) is both
         | strategic and tactical. My strategic plans are needed because
         | things take time and investment and we need a direction to give
         | assurances. However, things change every day and the tactical
         | side is working out how to deal with those.
         | 
         | I certainly think adults are better at projecting confidence
         | but I also think as you grow older, you are more likely to be
         | realistic about how messy things are.
        
       | websitescenes wrote:
       | Sounds like a complete lack of recognition for expertise,
       | specialization and experience. Same attitude that leads people to
       | distrust science.
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | People know what they're doing the second and third time that
       | they launch the same product.
       | 
       | Like when you see founders of large VC backed companies go off to
       | launch the same thing.
       | 
       | Or why business practices calcify and people aren't open to a new
       | theoretically efficient process, they have already failed at so
       | many other things that they don't want to risk again. Its not
       | arbitrary why people become this way, there is a lot of crap out
       | there.
        
         | hermitcrab wrote:
         | Even if you are launching a near identical product a second
         | time, the market, staff and technology will be different. You
         | can't stand in the same river twice (Heraclitus).
        
           | tylergetsay wrote:
           | Why can't I hire the same people, use the same technology,
           | and sell to the same market? This is basically the story of a
           | lot of small business owners; they learned from somebody and
           | then applied that for their own. If I only make 50% of what
           | the previous company made but own 5x as much, it might look
           | like a failure to some but net I am better off.
        
       | ball02488 wrote:
       | only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." -socrates
        
       | freiherr wrote:
       | What people know is just practical knowledge of their immediate
       | surrounding and a bit of theoretical models of what is outside.
       | If by "knowing what they are doing" you mean deep understanding
       | of everything from the big picture then it's impossible. Doing
       | your own local stuff as good as possible is the best we can get
       | and it usually works reasonably well. Until we get a dictator in
       | an information bubble, but well that's just life.
        
         | lbriner wrote:
         | That's not quite true. There is a difference between e.g.
         | making a really nice design "as good as possible" but producing
         | something that is not best-practice, doesn't solve the problem
         | well, isn't a standard look for whatever it is that you are
         | designing.
         | 
         | There are many people who at least think they are working hard
         | and well but the piece that is missing is the context that the
         | work needs to fit into and the ability to evaluate it. There
         | are a gazillion different ways to do marketing (and to do it
         | "well") but most of those will either have little or no effect
         | in a certain context so the true person who knows what they are
         | doing knows the landscape, knows the costs, knows the trade-
         | offs and knows how to measure success.
        
       | mr_gibbins wrote:
       | Of course, it depends on the context. As a casual chess player,
       | it's fine that I don't really know what I'm doing, and that I'm
       | apt to be roundly beaten 7 times out of 10. There are no
       | consequences to being bad at chess, except for feeling a bit sad
       | if I lose too many games in a row.
       | 
       | As a senior DBA, it is absolutely unacceptable if I do not know
       | what I am doing. I look after software which runs a fairly
       | important part of the machinery of government. There is not much
       | tolerance for incompetence in my little niche, although granted
       | that no-one dies if I get it wrong, the consequences for the end-
       | consumers of my little bit of the world can be life-changing.
       | 
       | Same applies (in a more important sense than just DBA work) for
       | e.g. paediatric heart surgeons, rail drivers, airline pilots,
       | people whose incompetence can kill. Skill and professionalism are
       | very much key, and cannot be hand-waved away with platitudes to
       | make people feel better about their own inabilities.
        
         | BarryMilo wrote:
         | A valid point, I think the sentiment is more common in the
         | development world because things change so fast you can't
         | really master the entirety of even a very specific domain for
         | very long.
         | 
         | However, it seems IT over time has grown to be (or aim to be)
         | "incompetence proof". That is, even if you mess up, there
         | should be mechanisms in place to prevent a catastrophe, so that
         | at least two people must be majorly incompetent to create a
         | disaster. I guess we call it redundancy.
         | 
         | Compare with medecine, if your doctor is bad you can die. And
         | people frequently do. I tend to prefer our base assumption that
         | everyone is incompetent, that way we're prepared when someone
         | makes a mistake.
        
       | ball02488 wrote:
       | only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing. .. -socates
        
       | GistNoesis wrote:
       | I think the classic scene from Armageddon can sum-up this feeling
       | pretty well. https://youtu.be/qk9MK5smzVE?t=397 "Couldn't read
       | the plans right and did a piss-poor job of putting it together."
        
       | j7ake wrote:
       | The pilot flying your airplane would disagree.
       | 
       | The chefs cooking your meals at restaurants would disagree.
       | 
       | Your surgeon would definitely disagree.
       | 
       | I could go on.
        
       | onetokeoverthe wrote:
        
       | darepublic wrote:
       | Good advice. A moral oft repeated in stories. They said it well
       | in Kung-Fu Panda: there is no secret ingredient.
       | 
       | I remember as a junior developer caring a ton about programming
       | but constantly feeling like my skills weren't up to par. I read
       | some quote from Ray Bradbury about how he wrote for 10 years
       | before he created anything he himself liked. I mulled over that
       | idea and it gave me hope. Years later I am now writing code that
       | I think is good. Hopefully more than the senility kicking in.
        
       | shantnutiwari wrote:
       | I dont know why this is getting so much hate, I agree with it.
       | 
       | Engineer types want everything to be neat and tidy, well planned
       | and thought out. But this doesn't work in the business world,
       | which is messy and chaotic. If you can't live with th chaos,
       | starting a business is a bad idea. (And I say as someone who had
       | failed to start a profitable-compared-to-day-job business)
        
         | pier25 wrote:
         | I agree. It's true for many things in life.
         | 
         | I don't think surgeons are winging it, at least in the
         | operating room, but in life the majority of things are chaotic
         | and unpredictable. Specially running a business.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | s/business/kids/ and it is also true!
        
       | marban wrote:
       | _The opinion of 10,000 men is of no value if none of them know
       | anything about the subject._
       | 
       | Marcus Aurelius
        
       | throwaway14356 wrote:
       | i too as a child thought the grownups knew what they were doing.
       | I decided that my ignorance about all things would make for a
       | great opportunity to imagine how i would organize all things.
       | Unbothered by previous art i could have original ideas all the
       | way!
       | 
       | big mistake, the grownups didn't know, they didn't want to
       | know.... wtf
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | This is a very comforting fiction to tell yourself when you're
       | faced with new and unfamiliar challenges. However, it's not
       | really true. Plenty of people within an industry or field know
       | enough of what they're doing because they've gone through it
       | before and/or done all of the heavy research to prepare for these
       | situations.
       | 
       | I see the "nobody knows what they're doing" fiction brought out
       | as an easy antidote for impostor syndrome or as comforting words
       | to people struggling to learn. While intentions might be good, it
       | had an unintended side effect of creating an illusion that
       | expertise doesn't exist or that everyone's knowledge is equal
       | regardless of their level of experience.
       | 
       | The dark side of this mentality is that it creates the same
       | situations whereby people believe their own intuitions are equal
       | to professional scientific research. If you believe no one knows
       | what they're doing and all adults are just making it up as they
       | go, why would you listen to experts instead of inserting your own
       | opinions based on your Facebook research or some quip you saw
       | online?
       | 
       | The real key is to identify who really knows what they're doing
       | and to what degree, then leverage those people for advice as much
       | as possible. Going through life assuming everybody is equally
       | incompetent will leave you blind to these huge opportunities to
       | learn from other people's expertise and experience.
        
         | louthy wrote:
         | I think a better phrase is "everybody is winging it", because
         | once you get good at something, then you tend to end up working
         | on something that's at the edge of your current understanding,
         | either through promotion or some sense of seniority in the
         | industry.
         | 
         | This isn't necessarily true for all jobs, but I think it's
         | especially true in the software industry. I've been a CTO for
         | 17 years, but I still feel like I'm winging it. It doesn't mean
         | I don't know what I'm doing, I have enough experience to make
         | good judgements; but to be the best at something you often have
         | to be on the edge of your understanding at any one point in
         | time.
         | 
         | I don't remember exactly when I realised that everybody is
         | winging it (to one extent or another), but it made it easier to
         | trust my own judgement, it made it easier to push for something
         | I believed in, but it also gave me a sense of how little I
         | still know - which helps me to not get too arrogant about my
         | current abilities.
        
           | frostwarrior wrote:
           | "Real impostors don't have impostor syndrome"
           | 
           | To me, that is even better.
           | 
           | It means that you care and you are in an uncomfortable zone,
           | which means you are probably growing.
        
           | zelos wrote:
           | Could it be that the more you know, the more you realise how
           | much more there is to know? That would explain the feeling of
           | impostor syndrome in more senior people - they're judging by
           | different standards.
        
           | zcw100 wrote:
           | I'm going to go with "Not everything is designed, or planned.
           | Sometimes the result is just the sum of a bunch of not
           | necessarily coordinated decisions."
           | 
           | Some people know a lot about what they are doing and are
           | highly skilled. A concert pianist doesn't just walk up on
           | stage and wing it. What I think you realize when you grow up
           | is not every decision or outcome was deliberately thought out
           | and coordinated. Sometimes things just happen. They can even
           | be the result of a collection of individual people who each
           | is highly knowledgeable about their individual contributions
           | with no single person responsible for the ultimate outcome.
           | I'd imagine this is the way something like an automobile is
           | designed.
        
             | vharuck wrote:
             | >Some people know a lot about what they are doing and are
             | highly skilled. A concert pianist doesn't just walk up on
             | stage and wing it.
             | 
             | If I may torture your example to defend the GP, concert
             | pianists trying to improve will wing it during the steps
             | leading up to the stage: negotiating with a venue,
             | exploring new ways to practice, writing or choosing music
             | pieces, and the all the other tasks unknown to this layman.
        
             | hermitcrab wrote:
             | Ruuning a business is like playing a piano at a concert,
             | except the keys sometimes change position and sometime
             | disappear completely.
        
               | halostatue wrote:
               | I think that's life, except that sometimes the piano
               | becomes a cello, then a pair of bongo drums.
        
             | jagged-chisel wrote:
             | > A concert pianist doesn't just walk up on stage and wing
             | it.
             | 
             | The concert pianist couldn't wing it with an oboe, violin
             | or trumpet. But that's what the full stack dev does. Wing
             | it with this service, that framework, some other language,
             | etc
        
             | tacon wrote:
             | >A concert pianist doesn't just walk up on stage and wing
             | it.
             | 
             | Well, sometimes they have to. There is the famous example
             | where a professional concert pianist realizes when the
             | orchestra starts that she practiced the wrong piece. They
             | happen to have been making a documentary, so we get to see
             | her face as she realizes what is happening. And then she
             | "wings it", and manages to play very well anyway.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJXnYMl_SuA
        
               | grujicd wrote:
               | This is trully amazing!
        
               | zcw100 wrote:
               | I was going to add something about improvisation and
               | jazz. While it's not planned out you wouldn't describe
               | them as "not knowing what they're doing" nor are they
               | just blindly mashing the keys.
               | 
               | They're feeling their way through a dynamic situation
               | guided by skill, experience and luck.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | That's not what is normally meant by "winging it" though.
               | That's applying deep, rigorous expertise, just faster
               | than normal.
        
             | lostcolony wrote:
             | >> Not everything is designed, or planned. Sometimes the
             | result is just the sum of a bunch of not necessarily
             | coordinated decisions.
             | 
             | I'll go one further. Almost always. Organizations are
             | basically distributed systems; you theoretically could have
             | fully coordinated decisions with an elegant and efficient
             | network topology (i.e., the decisions involve only those
             | people with relevant information, and don't pass through
             | umpteen unrelated routing layers), but I've yet to see
             | that. Invariably those orgs favoring coordination (CP from
             | a CAP perspective) are slow and inefficient, with too many
             | meetings seeking signoff from stakeholders who have no
             | relevant knowledge or responsibility. The more 'agile' orgs
             | (including suborgs routing around that kind of
             | inefficiency) end up with eventually consistent systems,
             | more AP, and, well, yeah, they're necessarily not
             | coordinated. Hopefully they still have clearly defined
             | areas of responsibility, interfaces, and useful sets of
             | abstraction, but those abstractions are leaky, and the
             | interfaces themselves developed as needs arise.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | kurthr wrote:
             | I like this take. A lot of times for an experienced team
             | there are multiple solutions to a problem that will work
             | and you can quickly start with the one that seems to best
             | fit the circumstances... if circumstances change (and
             | you'll notice if you've been doing it a while) then you can
             | often (and with some hard work) transition to a different
             | solution and still hit timeline (or immediately warn of the
             | miss). If they team works together well, this happens
             | quickly, if not seamlessly. If you don't have experience,
             | just figuring out which way to start is a huge effort and
             | changing direction even a larger struggle, and you're
             | almost guaranteed to take longer, with higher risk, or
             | worse product.
             | 
             | What I found making a few hundred sourdough loaves over the
             | last 2 years, is that there is a recipe (or several), and
             | you should follow it... but then unexpected things happen
             | (changing starter/temp/gluten, humidity/hydration, forgot
             | something or want to add something, different size loaf or
             | tools/oven, not enough time, missed alarm) and the skill is
             | in knowing quickly what to do and how to work with it to
             | make things right. Rarely do I make what I consider a
             | perfect loaf, because I don't make 100/day every day... but
             | even though I often make one/two mistakes or changes,
             | recovery is automatic and almost imperceptible in the final
             | product.
        
         | lowercased wrote:
         | > The dark side of this mentality is that it creates the same
         | situations whereby people believe their own intuitions are
         | equal to professional scientific research. If you believe no
         | one knows what they're doing and all adults are just making it
         | up as they go, why would you listen to experts instead of
         | inserting your own opinions based on your Facebook research or
         | some quip you saw online?
         | 
         | Or folks on your own team?
         | 
         | I've got a colleague with over 20 years of software/web/dev
         | experience, working as a contractor on a poorly run team.
         | Routinely there are questions about "how should we do X?".
         | 
         | My colleague has done much of these X situations for 10+ years,
         | and says "we need to do it like Z. I've done Z for 8 years and
         | this is the normal pattern for this scenario".
         | 
         | There's always regular pushback from others on the team with
         | "well, I read $foo which says Z can't scale!" and similar
         | things. These are typically coming from people with ... 1-2
         | years experience. One guy just graduated high school last year,
         | but the PM gives everyone's views equal weight because "well,
         | no one can know everything, and everyone's got a right to their
         | opinion!"
         | 
         | Just because the 20 year old doesn't know how to do X, or read
         | that Z is 'slow' does not mean their views are equally as valid
         | as someone who has actually _done_ X multiple times over years,
         | and in some cases has already implemented the X on a project.
         | 
         | He's likely not going to be there much longer - he's already
         | splitting time with other projects, and will ramp down if
         | there's not some bigger changes on that team.
        
           | fdgsdfogijq wrote:
           | This is common, and so is the 1-2 years experience dev
           | churning out a ton of code. It gets work done and builds
           | credibility, but then they make some glaring architectural
           | mistake thats tough to rip out. PM can't see it, and eggs the
           | dev on to keep delivering. Sometimes this is great, sometimes
           | not. Depends on the company and the needs of the tech stack
        
             | lowercased wrote:
             | Further to the point above, the 20 year old in this story
             | _does not actually deliver_ anything. But his protestations
             | about  'slow' and 'legacy' and 'best practices' are like a
             | siren song to some other non-tech folks who keep saying
             | "well, sure, we don't want to be slow - we want to scale -
             | let's do what $person is suggesting". Except... nothing
             | gets done. Months have gone by with no measurable progress,
             | but lots of 'review sessions' identifying $newStackX as the
             | gold standard.
             | 
             | If someone wants to challenge or push back on decisions I
             | make (for example), you better be able to deliver something
             | a) good or b) fast. IDEALLY both, but... if you give me POC
             | code _quickly_ with obvious issues BUT demonstrate some
             | improvement - that 's great. We can iterate, if it's quick.
             | Give me some fully fleshed out measurable improvement that
             | takes a bit longer, but has some tests, docs, etc. That's
             | good too.
             | 
             | Sit around and just continually 'back seat dev' on stuff I
             | ship, while literally being incapable of delivering working
             | software of any size, or even supporting your own stuff
             | that you think is 'awesome'... we won't be in agreement on
             | anything.
        
         | Ma8ee wrote:
         | While I agree with most of what you say, I'm almost on a daily
         | basis hit by how clueless many so called tech leads and
         | architects in the field are. A lot of cargo cult programming
         | and blind repetitions of what someone heard on the latest
         | conference.
        
         | ZephyrBlu wrote:
         | I'm pretty junior in terms of YOE, but I hate when I see people
         | say things like "don't worry, I have no idea what I'm doing and
         | I have x YOE. You're fine!" to people on the internet.
         | 
         | I have a decent understanding of what I'm doing, but I worked
         | for it by doing exactly what you described in your last
         | paragraph and then synthesizing that knowledge into an explicit
         | process.
         | 
         | If you don't know what you're doing you're either bad or don't
         | have a conscious understanding of your process. Both are not
         | good.
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | Well said! I would add that, I'd you feel you don't know what
           | you're doing, there's a third possibility: you actually do
           | know what you're doing, in any meaningful sense, but your
           | memory of your past work is dominated by the few cases where
           | there wasn't a clear right answer, and you made a call you
           | couldn't rigorous justify, even though you were doing most of
           | the job very competently.
           | 
           | Those situations make it _seem_ like you're just shooting
           | from the hip /groping in the dark all day ... but that belief
           | is wrong.
           | 
           | Either way, the right response to the feeling of impostor
           | syndrome should _not_ be to shrug and say "oh everyone's like
           | that" (which is how you get the Elizabeth Holmeses of the
           | world); it should be to look for objective heuristics to
           | identify whether you are, in the large, performing
           | competently.
           | 
           | Edit: earlier comment on this issue:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19214749
        
           | abakker wrote:
           | Not to mention that people who say that they don't know what
           | they're doing, but are earning 6 figure salaries are being
           | extremely condescending to everyone else. The idea here is
           | that you get paid for your expertise. If you don't have it,
           | get it!
        
           | bitexploder wrote:
           | I sometimes say it for fun, but yeah, it's weird. I worked
           | very hard over multiple decades to acquire specific sets of
           | skills that are hard to acquire. It's fun to plunge into
           | something and maybe joke about not knowing what you are
           | doing, but the reality is if you spent as much time as I have
           | and don't actually know what you are doing that is very sad
           | indeed.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | > no one knows what they're doing and all adults are just
         | making it up as they go
         | 
         | IMO the most interesting software engineering happens at the
         | edge of the adjacent possible. Where _nobody_ knows what
         | they're doing. Because it hasn't been done before. You're
         | adding net new knowledge to the universe.
         | 
         | Doesn't even have to be a ground breaking new idea or a
         | completely new technique. It's already net new if you're
         | adapting an otherwise well-know solution to a new situation. Or
         | dealing with a unique set of constraints that haven't been seen
         | before. That's _fun_.
         | 
         | But that's not the same as walking into a thing blind and
         | hoping for the best. You can only do that by relying on a
         | wealth of experience and expert intuition that's been honed
         | over a long series of smaller challenges.
         | 
         | The optimal situation is to always aim to work at the very edge
         | of your understanding. Not so easy that it's boring, not so
         | hard that you don't know where to even begin.
        
         | lettergram wrote:
         | "Expertise" is often less and more valuable than perceived,
         | depending on the situation.
         | 
         | Give me a programming related question and I could have solved
         | it a two decades ago on paper. The expertise allows me to solve
         | it with more efficiency today.
         | 
         | Similarly, there are things that lack of expertise help you
         | with. You can see different perspectives. Have to research the
         | topics fresh (find latest frameworks, etc).
         | 
         | I also think expertise is far more transferable than ever. I
         | hadn't driving a tractor in 18 years. But I was able to watch a
         | few YouTube videos for an hour, go out and immediately attach
         | equipment, start one up and get to work.
         | 
         | The internet is still amazing. To your point though, there are
         | things I could miss that would get me killed (using a tractor),
         | so a neighbor helped me with some tips after watching;
         | expertise is still very necessary.
        
           | highwaylights wrote:
           | I feel like "find latest frameworks" as a positive might get
           | you downvoted here. I get what you mean, unless I don't, in
           | which case.. really?
        
             | lettergram wrote:
             | Just mean you don't have any preconceived notions
        
               | abakker wrote:
               | yeah, but, preconceived notions are not necessarily
               | wrong. I think there's a reason why Software companies
               | disrupt each other a lot more than they disrupt other
               | industries. its because of their obsession with the
               | beginner's mind when whole industries have been created
               | and studied for a long time. Sometimes, starting from
               | first principals is a terrible waste of time and capital.
        
           | cupofpython wrote:
           | >expertise is far more transferable than ever
           | 
           | Small nitpick on this statement that makes a significant
           | difference to me. I think the spirit of what you are saying
           | is that "Experts are far more accessible than ever"
           | 
           | The youtube video that helped you, your neighbor, the
           | instruction manual, are all sources of expert information. In
           | earlier times people would have to find the right book in a
           | library, or travel the world in search of an expert.
           | 
           | You are still trusting experts, which implies that they
           | exist, which is different than assuming "well, some guy on
           | youtube could do it - so it cant be that hard ill figure it
           | out myself". you are instead acknowledging that the "guy on
           | youtube" is an expert that you thankfully have access to
           | _because_ of youtube
        
             | lettergram wrote:
             | Fair enough! You're correct
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | I've been around some very successful people and execs at
         | mature companies and you're sorta right but also so is the
         | title. People with experience have more expertise than most
         | people but they're also just much more comfortable making low-
         | information decisions because they know they'll get away with
         | it most of the time and they can recover from a mistake. There
         | is a common misperception that they know exactly what they're
         | doing when they really just know slightly more than the rest of
         | us and are comfortable being decisive.
        
         | danieldevries wrote:
         | This is just an honest assessment of one individuals
         | experience. I've heard it myself from my father who was at the
         | top of Europe's largest corporation. He definitely is an expert
         | in his field, but still had a healthy dose of doubt and was
         | clearly honest with himself. Hubris is a far more dangerous
         | imo.
        
         | stef25 wrote:
         | Wrt to imposter syndrome - I often have this feeling,
         | especially since I don't have any formal training in anything
         | IT related.
         | 
         | Recently a kid showed up at work to do an internship. He's
         | studying computer science, all kinds of advanced algorithm
         | stuff. He's utterly clueless at even beginning to find the
         | cause of a simple bug in a php application. Incapable of
         | interpreting a bug report, finding the class that serves a
         | certain route etc.
         | 
         | Made me really reconsider my imposter syndrome feelings.
        
           | sicp-enjoyer wrote:
           | How long do you think it would take someone who has the
           | learning capability to understand algorithms well, to read a
           | bug report?
           | 
           | I find this sentiment very strange. I think you're right that
           | jobs require a different kind of work than they may have
           | previously encountered, I just don't think it's very
           | difficult.
           | 
           | To put it another way, some developers are not smart enough
           | to understand inductive proofs of algorithms not matter how
           | much time they spend, the reverse is not true. Perhaps the
           | individual you know likes to use a lot of academic vocabulary
           | which gives such an appearence.
        
           | crispyambulance wrote:
           | > ... studying computer science, all kinds of advanced
           | algorithm stuff. He's utterly clueless at...
           | 
           | One thing I notice in some rhetoric (not necessarily yours)
           | is the idea that people are static. That if one is clueless
           | now, they'll always be clueless.
           | 
           | People continuously evolve personally and professionally. The
           | road to mastery and understanding always begins with
           | confusion and uncertainty. It's totally reasonable that a
           | student learning complex theoretical material will have a
           | hard time, initially, with the day-to-day grind of doing
           | practical work in a job.
           | 
           | Many workplaces have unreasonable expectations usually framed
           | around the vaguely militaristic notion that their people have
           | to "hit the ground running". It's based on bull. The only way
           | to progress towards mastery is to periodically do stuff that
           | one is "unqualified" for, sometimes that involves failure,
           | re-tries, wasted time, and being seen as incompetent.
           | 
           | So many folks who are now "ninja's", "rockstars", or
           | "10x-ers" started out as clueless newbs who were willing to
           | put themselves out there, make embarrassing mistakes, be
           | called cargo-cult practitioners, and who nonetheless
           | continued with grit. Along the way, some helped and mentored
           | them and others dismissed them.
        
             | vxNsr wrote:
             | I think the GP's point is that, despite not having a formal
             | education in CS/CE their self taught skills are pretty good
             | and the formal education doesn't appear to be teaching
             | computer engineering in any case. So while this intern will
             | probably have a better understanding of how to traverse a
             | tree or w/e, they're still starting in the same place the
             | the GP did when it comes to actual CE.
        
               | BlargMcLarg wrote:
               | Because people don't understand what a CS degree is and
               | what it isn't, and that's assuming most CS degrees are
               | fairly similar (they aren't).
               | 
               | A CS degree isn't a 3-5 year road to understanding the
               | protocols and nuances of webdev. Personally, I was able
               | to choose courses in webdev and took _zero_ of them. I
               | came out of it with zero knowledge of how routing works
               | in practice, even if I could guess it in theory.
               | 
               | What a CS degree _is_ (or at least _should be_ ), is a
               | set of courses teaching fundamentals, how to think in
               | logic, solutions and pseudocode, and being able to map
               | this decently well to some language. Which means there's
               | a high guarantee they will pick up the skills necessary
               | on the job.
               | 
               | And yes, I know some people get through degrees without
               | being at least okay programmers. I do consider that a
               | failure of the system.
        
             | stef25 wrote:
             | You're right, it's probably unreasonable to expect them to
             | be able to grasp the day to day grind immediately, it's
             | just that 2 months later he still wasn't able to work
             | independently and we had to spend a lot more time with him
             | than we expected. We assumed he had enough common sense to
             | pick things up quicker.
             | 
             | But no doubt, he's probably smarter than I am and will go
             | further in his IT career.
        
             | BlargMcLarg wrote:
             | That's the essence of the issue yes. Learning on the job is
             | considered bad, but learning on the job is how most people
             | learn. So really, we just fake it till we make it[0], and
             | then we start doing what top comment mentions, actually
             | knowing what we're doing.
             | 
             | This is then exaggerated by sayings such as "it takes half
             | a year to get to full speed" in an attempt to either try
             | and lowball learners, or as a defense mechanism as to why
             | society should just cater to the whims of companies so they
             | don't have to carry the risks. Despite the fact most people
             | will be profitable very shortly after they get hired in a
             | job remotely fitting them, if the company has any proper
             | documentation on procedures.
             | 
             | [0]: And this is bad for the more anxious / modest / shy
             | people. "Fake it till you make it" should be good advice,
             | but it doesn't overcome massively inflated "must have but
             | not actually must have" lists discouraging them on the
             | spot, or the hundreds of mismatched job interviews and time
             | wasted. I still don't know who benefits from the status quo
             | aside from middlemen getting jobs that shouldn't
             | realistically exist.
        
           | sdwr wrote:
           | I was that kid not too long ago. All the classes I took
           | started from first principles, most of my assignments began
           | with an empty file. I had very little experience working with
           | existing code or navigating w an IDE. It was humiliating
           | taking hours to make a one-character change, or getting lost
           | looking for a server endpoint, especially when I expected I
           | should already know what I was doing!
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | > The dark side of this mentality is that it creates the same
         | situations whereby people believe their own intuitions are
         | equal to professional scientific research. If you believe no
         | one knows what they're doing and all adults are just making it
         | up as they go, why would you listen to experts instead of
         | inserting your own opinions based on your Facebook research or
         | some quip you saw online?
         | 
         | Well there's a reason to resist this notion on the grounds that
         | knowledge is personal, not transitive. Following John Carmack
         | on twitter does not transfer the ability to design game engines
         | onto me, even though he surely has deep expertise in the area.
         | 
         | My opinions may not be the result of professional scientific
         | research, but that is also true even if I echo the opinions of
         | someone who claims to be a practitioner of such. At least if we
         | accept a definition where justified true belief is necessary
         | for knowledge. Either I know something, or I don't know it.
         | There is no middle ground where I know something by extension
         | of faith in an authority that claims to know it. That's the
         | entire point of science, it isn't doctrinal! The scientific
         | authority may well possess an ability to produce true
         | statements through their knowledge of the topic, but I don't
         | share this knowledge by parroting their true statements; I need
         | to understand _why_ in order to know.
        
         | xorcist wrote:
         | Thank you. I'm hearing enough things along similar lines to
         | feel odd about it.
         | 
         | So many people wear their impostor syndrome with pride I don't
         | know how to handle it. It's supposed to be ok to have no idea
         | what you are doing. Except it's not. We're living in an era
         | where information is more abundant than ever before. Just read
         | the manual. At least get a _basic_ idea how that library or
         | framework works before putting two lines together. If not for
         | the end result then at least for intellectual pride.
         | 
         | It's probably partly down to age, but it's more and more common
         | and I am uncomfortable.
        
           | strgcmc wrote:
           | IMHO, the "don't worry, nobody knows what they're doing"
           | advice, has a sort of "Laffer curve"-esque quality to
           | describe its relative danger (or inverse curve, for utility).
           | 
           | On the lower end of experience/expertise (I acknowledge
           | they're not actually the same thing), it is minimally
           | dangerous and highly useful advice -- in the sense that, it
           | helps lower the barrier to entry for beginners into a field.
           | Making something approachable, is generally worth it, even at
           | the risk of giving beginners undue overconfidence or letting
           | them make early mistakes. Just getting someone to even start
           | (and making it easier for them to stick to something new, and
           | not give up too early because it's hard), is more important
           | than doing "the right thing" (pragmatism > perfectionism)...
           | assuming guardrails exist to prevent beginners from doing
           | fatal damage (not true in all domains).
           | 
           | In the middle range of experience, is where this advice
           | becomes maximally dangerous and minimally useful -- it
           | doesn't just give false confidence, but specifically to those
           | in this range who "know just enough to be dangerous." The
           | advice can become an impediment to learning, if someone comes
           | to believe "I don't need to learn anything more, since no one
           | else knows anything, and therefore nobody can teach me
           | anything." People who get stuck here, are the most dangerous.
           | 
           | At the high end of experience/expertise, the advice actually
           | becomes useful again. The expert can appreciate the dangers
           | of ignorance, while also appreciating the need for them to
           | manage/mentor/guide beginners in the field. Likewise, the
           | expert generally re-learns a certain level of humility,
           | because now that they "know everything there is to know",
           | they also appreciate how little they actually know in the
           | grand scheme of things (e.g. see cosmologists or particle
           | physicists).
           | 
           | I seem to recall some kind of saying, something about how
           | hard and precious/valuable it is, for an expert to be able to
           | re-learn the ability to approach problems with a beginner's
           | mindset, with naive curiosity and unburdened by years of
           | accumulated fears or biases? So anyways, the "nobody knows"
           | advice becomes useful again, and helps experts renew their
           | perspective.
        
         | OtmaneBenazzou wrote:
         | If you really know what you're doing, are you learning
         | anything?
        
           | ZephyrBlu wrote:
           | Knowing what you're doing doesn't mean you're omniscient. In
           | an unbounded domain it might mean you have very good
           | intuition for what to do and you're often directionally
           | correct. There's still a lot of room for learning there.
        
           | MobileVet wrote:
           | Absolutely. There is a massive spectrum between knowing what
           | you are doing and knowing everything there is to know about a
           | subject. We are all constantly adding to our knowledge
           | base... no matter our starting point.
           | 
           | In addition to the base knowledge is the ability to do
           | something well. I know how to do a lot of home maintenance
           | tasks. Due to a lack of practice, I don't have the skill to
           | do them all very well.
        
         | polynomial wrote:
         | I see it as coming from 2 different perspectives. One is as you
         | note, an antidote to imposter syndrome ("no one _else_ knows
         | what they are doing so I 'm not alone"); the other coming from
         | the opposite perspective: the autodidact who realizes no one
         | around them understands the underlying systems and principles
         | as well as they do, and so is frustrated for the opposite
         | reason.
        
         | Gravityloss wrote:
         | Yes, it also degrades the possibility of getting higher
         | confidence from practice and training.
         | 
         | I can recommend Kathy Sierra's book "Badass - Making your users
         | awesome" on a refreshing perspective on learning, teaching and
         | communication
         | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24737268-badass
        
         | enkid wrote:
         | I think the problem is that people will optimize for a task
         | they are incentivized for. Many people are just incentivized to
         | appear competent enough to get a promotion or some sort of
         | reward: votes for a politician, sales for a salesperson, a
         | promotion for a manager. This means they don't actually have to
         | be competent, they just have to have the appearance of
         | competence to who ever is doling out those awards. These also
         | happen to be the most visible professions. These things
         | combined create the impression that no one knows what they are
         | doing, and everyone is faking it.
        
         | throwaway44f1 wrote:
        
         | VoodooJuJu wrote:
         | I think this comment is a comforting fiction as well. Of course
         | "no one knows what they're doing" isn't literally 100% true -
         | it's just hyperbole. The essence of the message remains: the
         | vast majority of people only know just enough to survive (and
         | that's okay!). Survive well enough, long enough, and fortune
         | may favor you.
        
         | mattgreenrocks wrote:
         | In software development, a lot of this sentiment gets thrown
         | around to avoid the perception that one's knowledge is somehow
         | gatekeeping others from entering the profession.
         | 
         | This doesn't actually level the playing field, it probably
         | makes it worse because it discourages people from doing the
         | thing that would cause them to get better at software
         | development.
         | 
         | Spend more time developing and less time signaling.
        
         | systemvoltage wrote:
         | On the contrary, I've been inside of institutions that appear
         | to be a bastion of knowledge and expertise, a castle of wisdom
         | and englightment; only to see the stilts that the whole thing
         | is sitting on after entering inside. Having worked in extremely
         | large corporations and government institutions, leading teams
         | and people, auditing suppliers and vendors; it is humbling to
         | see the contrast between external appearance and internal
         | construction.
         | 
         | I like Peter Thiel's take on this:
         | 
         | Between excessive dogmatism and excessive skepticism, therein
         | lies human progress.
        
         | cgh wrote:
         | The article is specifically talking about starting and running
         | a business, not imposter syndrome in general.
        
         | psyc wrote:
         | I don't know by exactly which route I'm going to reach delivery
         | of X project, but I know that I know how to navigate.
        
         | highwaylights wrote:
         | * Except politics.
         | 
         | It's verifiable that no politician can possibly be qualified
         | for whatever they're doing at any point in time as there exists
         | no threshold of experience for doing any job to which they
         | might be assigned and it (at least in democracies) actively
         | ignores experience and selects for pandering.
        
           | stef25 wrote:
           | Do you think of president Zelenskiy of Ukraine is an
           | exception?
        
             | l33t2328 wrote:
             | Why did you choose him in particular? Do you believe him to
             | be the most capable politician today?
        
               | stef25 wrote:
               | Yes. He certainly shines in the spotlight but maybe
               | that's not how we should judge him.
        
       | twawaaay wrote:
       | I think the problem needs to be thought through separately for
       | individuals and for organisations.
       | 
       | For individuals -- yes, no-one knows what they are doing. Most
       | people, including successful ones, are too embarrassed or
       | insecure to admit this. The world is divided into ones that
       | understand this and ones that do not.
       | 
       | For organisations -- no, that is not true. Some organisations
       | accept the above limitation and rather than ignore it, try to
       | build systems that take it into account. My company does this --
       | CEO knows this, senior leadership knows this, we are working
       | together accepting our individual limitations and trying to find
       | ways to work around them. We hate internal politics and put
       | premium on being honest about problems or capabilities.
       | 
       | Unfortunately this does not seem to work for governments.
       | Governments is all about politics, all about image. It is not
       | fundamentally incompatible with being honest about ones
       | limitations but in practice very close to being so.
        
       | mhb wrote:
       | Competent Elites:
       | 
       | https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/CKpByWmsZ8WmpHtYa/competent-...
        
       | sebastianconcpt wrote:
       | This is what Jordan Peterson refers to when stating that
       | Postmodernist claim about reality having an infinite number of
       | objects that can be interpreted in an infinite number of ways is
       | a fair valid claim.
       | 
       | And nature, somehow, made us evolve with the machinery optimized
       | to adapt to a finite number of interpretations.
       | 
       | Hence, our cognitive machinery is made up of "Maps of Meaning"
       | that with a finite number of meanings, make feasible for us to
       | navigate the infinite sea of ignorance of what we can't make a
       | sensical meaning of.
        
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