[HN Gopher] Probiotics can support the effect of antidepressants
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Probiotics can support the effect of antidepressants
        
       Author : NickRandom
       Score  : 174 points
       Date   : 2022-06-17 12:24 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.unibas.ch)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.unibas.ch)
        
       | SaintGhurka wrote:
       | Sample size of 1 here, but just hear me out.
       | 
       | Probiotics are a cheap and low-risk. If you have any general
       | inflammation type issues that don't seem to have a cause, it
       | might be worthwhile to just try probiotics.
       | 
       | My Dr. told me to try them for a digestive issue - and they sort
       | of helped that.
       | 
       | But a handful of other things unexpectedly improved. Acid reflux
       | went from really bad to barely noticeable, and my skin really
       | cleared up. I had red, flaky skin on my face for 20 years and
       | suddenly it's gone within 48 hours of starting probiotics.
       | 
       | Yeah... post hoc ergo propter hoc, but it's a cheap and harmless
       | shot in the dark.
       | 
       | Worst case scenario, it doesn't work and you're out $10.
       | 
       | Edited to say "low risk" instead of "risk free".
        
         | AmateurLeader wrote:
        
         | pazimzadeh wrote:
         | Probiotics will compete with whatever is in your gut. If you
         | have a messed up microbiota, then that would be a good thing.
         | If you have a healthy microbiota, then taking probiotics could
         | backfire. Taking probiotics can slow down the recovery of your
         | original microbiota, after taking antibiotics:
         | 
         | https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)31108-5
        
         | giancarlostoro wrote:
         | > But a handful of other things unexpectedly improved. Acid
         | reflux went from really bad to barely noticeable
         | 
         | What are you even buying if you don't mind me asking? I don't
         | get acid reflux often, but I definitely want to prevent it
         | happening so often, because it continues for days when I do get
         | it. There's all sorts of things that say they have / are
         | probiotics, including a few different sodas out there.
        
           | SaintGhurka wrote:
           | Culturelle. Just their basic "Digestive Daily Probiotic".
           | It's a single strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus. My Dr.
           | suggested either that or Align.
           | 
           | The first thing I tried worked so I haven't tried anything
           | else. A friend of mine had the same problem and he buys
           | generic bulk acidophilus from amazon and he says it works for
           | him.
           | 
           | I didn't expect it to work, but I didn't want to wonder if it
           | failed because I cheaped out, so I went for the expensive
           | stuff.
        
             | philliphaydon wrote:
             | Definitely going to try this too. I go though periods of
             | acid reflux and it wakes me up. I sleep with 2 pillows so
             | raise my head and shoulders to prevent it waking me which
             | helps most of the time. But will give the probiotics a try.
             | Thanks.
        
               | SaintGhurka wrote:
               | Good luck. I hope it works for you.
        
               | stainforth wrote:
               | Curious - are you a back sleeper? (Or what type of
               | sleeper are you?)
        
               | philliphaydon wrote:
               | Sometimes sleep on my left side. Sometimes on my back.
        
         | Darkphibre wrote:
         | What's the brand/dosage you use? There's so many different
         | brands out there.
        
           | SaintGhurka wrote:
           | Culturelle Digestive Daily Probiotic. It's dosage says 40 mg
           | and "10 Billion CFUs". It also has Inulin in it, whatever
           | that is.
           | 
           | I take one every other day.
        
             | saxonww wrote:
             | Inulin is classified as a dietary fiber. It's an
             | indigestible polysaccharide that ends up being eaten by
             | microbes in your gut.
             | 
             | A lot of packaged foods that are high in fiber that you
             | wouldn't expect to be, have inulin. I remember buying some
             | plain 'greek' yogurt for a while that was advertising fiber
             | per serving, and it had added inulin. Anything containing
             | chicory or jerusalem artichoke is probably high in inulin.
             | 
             | If you're not used to eating it - and this is true of a lot
             | of dietary fibers and prebiotics - be prepared for gas.
             | Like potentially uncomfortably large amounts of it. That
             | side effect is supposed to lessen as your gut adjusts to
             | the change, though.
        
         | klohto wrote:
         | What was the bacteria you introduced to your system? I'm on the
         | market for some.
        
           | SaintGhurka wrote:
           | Lactobacillus rhamnosus. It's the strain in Culturelle.
           | Expensive compared to others but still cheap.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > Probiotics are a cheap and risk-free.
         | 
         | Not entirely risk-free, but the side effects of a negative
         | reaction don't last too long at least.
         | 
         | I felt notably worse for about a week after trying one of the
         | mainstream probiotic brands with strange brain fog I couldn't
         | shake. This effect was repeatable and I could start the malaise
         | again by resuming the probiotic. The same effect didn't happen
         | with another antibiotic with different strains.
         | 
         | Probiotics could be worth trying, but you have to go in with
         | the understanding that the possible outcomes are more than just
         | "no effect" and "improved health". Worsening is also a real
         | possibility.
        
           | toshk wrote:
           | It's hard to believe something can be as powerful as to
           | relieve depression, while at the same time not having any
           | downside or risk.
        
           | jessermeyer wrote:
           | The brain fog could have been a consequence of the ensuing
           | biological war you started by introducing a new strain of
           | bacteria to your digestion for which your metabolism had yet
           | to adapt to.
        
             | PragmaticPulp wrote:
             | More likely that it's the case that more bacteria in your
             | stomach isn't necessarily a better thing.
             | 
             | These negative effects have been noted in the literature,
             | too, so I'm not alone:
             | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6006167/
        
               | jessermeyer wrote:
               | I did not imply probiotics were a panacea. Difficult to
               | imagine such a biological war playing out in every host
               | beneficially. Although the study you mention is concerned
               | with an unusual fermentation process, which may be caused
               | by a different biological mechanism.
        
               | PragmaticPulp wrote:
               | The link was about probiotics causing or contributing to
               | intestinal bacterial overgrowth. It's a real risk.
        
               | jessermeyer wrote:
               | I read the study. The risk is real tho uncommon, but the
               | study was unable to determine if bacterial overgrowth was
               | the underlying condition responsible for the symptoms,
               | because they appear the same as those from D-lactic
               | acidosis, caused by the same bacteria as found in common
               | probiotics.
               | 
               | So whether the issue is too much bacteria or poor
               | compatibly with a host remains unanswered by your linked
               | study.
        
           | challenger-derp wrote:
           | I believe it's not risk-free. For example, I read that
           | immuno-suppressed people should avoid consuming kombucha,
           | kefir, etc.
        
           | SaintGhurka wrote:
           | Thank you. I should have said "low risk" instead of "risk
           | free".
        
         | pcarolan wrote:
         | Can you recommend at good product at that price point?
        
           | SaintGhurka wrote:
           | The only one I've ever taken is "Culturelle Digestive Daily
           | Probiotic". It comes to $0.50 per pill. There are much
           | cheaper generics but I haven't had the guts (no pun intended)
           | to switch away from what's working to try them.
        
         | lr4444lr wrote:
         | Brand? Dosage?
        
           | SaintGhurka wrote:
           | Please see my answer to this sibling comment.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31780214
        
         | dan_quixote wrote:
         | Mind sharing the brand/product?
        
           | SaintGhurka wrote:
           | Not at all, although I'm beginning to feel like a bit of a
           | shill for the company.
           | 
           | I use "Culturelle Digestive Daily Probiotic".
           | 
           | My Dr. suggested either that or "Align". His comment on that
           | was that they are delivery systems that are designed to let
           | the bacteria survive the trip through the extreme environment
           | of the stomach.
        
             | dan_quixote wrote:
             | Thanks. This is the problem with unregulated supplements -
             | internet strangers sharing recommendations is just about
             | the best heuristic we've got!
        
         | chasebank wrote:
         | I have a sample size of 1 as well. Probiotics didn't help me
         | but I've dealt with digestive issues for the last 4 years after
         | a bout of food poisoning. I used to think gut flora /
         | microbiome was quackery but I recently did an oral FMT (fecal
         | microbiata transplant) the results were unreal.
         | 
         | For reference, I'm a 37 y/o fit male and donor was 18 y/o
         | female. After 2nd week I got the deepest sleep since I was a
         | child (slept for 11 hours straight - went to bed, teleported to
         | the morning) and woke up with this hard to describe feeling. I
         | literally felt like I was 16 again. This sort of optimism /
         | happiness I hadn't felt in years. And I'm a generally happy
         | dude! All my symptoms went away and the euphoric feeling
         | persisted. Whatever the bacteria did was truly remarkable. The
         | bad news is a few weeks after the FMT was finished, things went
         | back to the way they were before. I'd continue to do them
         | forever but it was very expensive, $1400 for the month. Fwiw, I
         | tried it again with another donor with zero results so I could
         | have been a fluke.
         | 
         | I do think I'll try it again with the original donor. It was a
         | spectacular month. I really think the microbiome is a major key
         | to our health and wellness. Remember the blood boy from Silicon
         | Valley? I bet we see 'fecal boys' for rich people in the near
         | future.
         | 
         | If you're interested, I'll link the source and study I based my
         | dosage off below. The guy who runs the fmt operation very
         | passionate about the concept.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.humanmicrobes.org/
         | 
         | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7866462/
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | _I have no medical training. This is speculation only.
           | Consult a doctor._
           | 
           | Assuming the translated gut flora to be the cause of your
           | improvement then I'd look at two things. What bacteria the
           | beneficial transplant contains, you can have it assayed (I
           | believe it's called a bacterial culture test) and then find a
           | cheaper source for that bacteria. Two, what the diet of the
           | donor is, so you can try to replicate the beneficial
           | environment in which those particular bacteria flourish.
           | 
           | AIUI, your own bacterial flora are in competition with the
           | transplant. So, I wonder if a doctor would prescribe
           | antibiotics (or something else) to wipe out your own flora,
           | then the new flora (possibly with a diet change) would have a
           | greater chance of taking hold?
           | 
           | I wonder also if the causal flow is different here, that
           | there's maybe an underlying condition that is causing the gut
           | flora to not prosper (like making an excessively acid
           | environment).
        
             | l-albertovich wrote:
             | According to books such as "!Es la microbiota, idiota!"
             | (ISBN 8413440688 but I don't know if it's available in
             | english) it's not that simple, I think they said that not
             | all the strains are identified and even then there are
             | strains that aren't easy to grow in vitro (I'm NOT a
             | scientist, don't quote me on this, I just listened to the
             | audiobook).
             | 
             | What they make a point on is diet, she insists on the
             | importance of having a diet that gives desirable bacteria
             | strains an environment where they can thrive to achieve a
             | balance.
             | 
             | IIRC she also mentions how it's not as simple as having
             | "good" and "bad" strains and how balance is key.
             | 
             | It's a really interesting and funny book to listen to if
             | you have a few hours for it.
             | 
             | So in the case of OP I think you're right about finding out
             | more about the donors diet and replicating it as well as
             | adjusting anything necessary for the newly arrived colonies
             | to last through time.
             | 
             | I don't know sh!t about it nor do I intend to sound like I
             | do so please correct me if I'm wrong.
        
           | SaintGhurka wrote:
           | Are you sure you don't have sleep apnea? I did... or rather I
           | do, but if I sleep with a CPAP machine, I wake up with a
           | feeling like you describe.
           | 
           | I hate that machine, but it works.
        
             | chasebank wrote:
             | I'm pretty sure I don't. I suppose I could try one out or
             | get a test.
        
               | SaintGhurka wrote:
               | You said you're fit, but it's still possible to have
               | sleep apnea.
               | 
               | Incidentally I had it and never knew about it until I had
               | the sleep study. I never woke up gasping for breath or
               | anything like that.
        
           | SaintGhurka wrote:
           | Thank you for that. I've wondered if those transplants stick.
           | 
           | Hopefully this becomes an area of major research because all
           | the anecdotes sound so promising.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | This is what doctors call "the honeymoon phase", and it can
           | happen with various drugs and supplements.
           | 
           | If it stops working, and you can't reproduce it the second or
           | third time, then it's probably better to give up and look for
           | another solution.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | This would have been the strangest placebo I've read so
             | far.
        
           | joedevon wrote:
           | I've been fascinated by FMT, but it also grosses me out. I'm
           | super curious, was it tough mentally to take the pill if it
           | was a pill?
        
           | loufe wrote:
           | This was a fascinating read, thank you for sharing. Were
           | there really no lasting effects? I'm curious why the
           | introduced bacteria didn't flourish and permanently change
           | your microbiome. Can anybody weigh in?
        
             | Mountain_Skies wrote:
             | It might be that they have to hit a certain critical mass
             | to become self-sustaining. Or they require a particular
             | environment to thrive, which exists in the donor but not in
             | the donee. It's such a new field, at least for prescriptive
             | medicine, that it'll probably be a while before we get a
             | good base of understand of what lives in our gut, what it
             | does, and how to keep it healthy.
        
               | Darkphibre wrote:
               | My money is indeed on the environment. You'd want to know
               | what that donor was eating, and try to replicate it.
        
             | z3t4 wrote:
             | We are what we eat. Could try changing to the same diet as
             | the donor...
        
           | wtetzner wrote:
           | I wonder if it would be worth finding out about the donor's
           | diet, and trying to replicate it after the transplant in an
           | effort to maintain the gut flora.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | The problem I have with "take probiotics" is that there are
         | hundreds or even thousands of species of bacteria that could be
         | classified as "probiotics". Which ones of these have positive
         | influence on mood or physical health? How can a person know
         | what to expect from a bottle of stuff at Whole Foods or where-
         | ever?
        
           | AuryGlenz wrote:
           | I wonder if prebiotics are a better choice, with fecal
           | transplants done for when you have a real issue.
           | 
           | For what it's worth, and doctors obviously don't suggest
           | this, you can easily do a fecal transplant at home. By
           | "easily" I mean that the process is simple, not that it isn't
           | super gross.
        
             | Darkphibre wrote:
             | No lie, I've done exactly this before.
             | 
             | Something was coming up that'd wipe out my intestinal
             | flora, and I'd been feeling _extremely_ healthy lately. So
             | I preserved a chilled sample of the  'good stuff.'
             | 
             | Usually I'd have all sorts of problems as the gut bacteria
             | sorted itself out, but this time it was... smooth sailing.
             | 
             | Sure, it's... WEIRD in the extreme to actually perform. But
             | I can't argue with the results.
        
             | ada1981 wrote:
             | Having dirty sex with happy people is how our species has
             | done this since the Dawn of man.
        
               | phkahler wrote:
               | I didn't even want to joke about that on HN, but it did
               | cross my mind. Find a happy healthy person and (somehow)
               | ask them for some fecal matter and do a transplant. Or
               | _just_ start licking butts... ugh
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | I think they found out when studying maternal vaginal
               | swabbing for seeding microbiota Caesarean newborns that
               | the bacteria were actually either airborne from the
               | maternal fecal route or somehow getting into the baby
               | from there
        
               | zrail wrote:
               | Pooping during delivery is a thing. So that's entirely
               | believable.
        
               | Hellbanevil wrote:
               | I don't think licking butts would do it. The gastric
               | acids in the stomach might kill most of the good stuff?
               | 
               | Now a turkey baster with a partner whom has no STD's
               | might be doable.
               | 
               | I once had a perpetually happy virginal, before me,
               | girlfriend whom would have made a perfect donor.
        
               | midislack wrote:
               | Sadly 40% of US adults already have an incurable STD so
               | this isn't really good advice.
        
               | Hellbanevil wrote:
               | Is it 40%?
               | 
               | I guess it's herpes for most of that number?
        
               | halfnormalform wrote:
               | Moralizing is probably a sadder tragedy, though.
        
               | midislack wrote:
               | Not saying you're immoral for having an STD. Just
               | spreading one.
        
           | pygy_ wrote:
           | In the absence of more precise evidence, I'd recommend to aim
           | for diversity, you're more likely to pick up what you're
           | missing that way. You can also try diy lactofermented
           | veggies.
        
           | pinko wrote:
           | This may not be the answer you're looking for, but a good
           | start is just to go with the ones that humans have been
           | eating for millennia: whatever's in yogurt, sauerkraut,
           | natto, fermented pickles, etc.
        
         | edejong wrote:
         | Probiotics are not necessarily low risk when used during or
         | after antibiotics usage.
         | 
         | Quoting directly from [1] "Effect of Probiotic Use on
         | Antibiotic Administration Among Care Home Residents: A
         | Randomized Clinical Trial"
         | 
         | "...participants who were randomized to the probiotic group
         | were administered significantly more antibiotics for lower
         | respiratory tract infections, had small but statistically
         | significant lower self-reported generic well-being/capability
         | scores at 3 months, and a prespecified sensitivity analysis
         | found a significant increase in cumulative systemic antibiotic
         | days.
         | 
         | These findings should be interpreted with caution, given
         | multiple testing. However, this study does not rule out harm
         | from probiotics. Certain probiotics may delay the return of the
         | host gut microbiome to its normal state after antibiotic
         | treatment,[2] and a retrospective single-center study found
         | probiotic exposure was associated with C difficile infection in
         | hospitalized patients.[3]"
         | 
         | [1] Butler CC, Lau M, Gillespie D, et al. Effect of Probiotic
         | Use on Antibiotic Administration Among Care Home Residents: A
         | Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020;324(1):47-56.
         | doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8556
         | 
         | [2] Suez J , Zmora N , Zilberman-Schapira G , et al Post-
         | antibiotic gut mucosal microbiome reconstitution is impaired by
         | probiotics and improved by autologous FMT. Cell.
         | 2018;174(6):1406-1423.e1416. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.047
         | 
         | [3] Carvour ML , Wilder SL , Ryan KL , et al. Predictors of
         | Clostridium difficile infection and predictive impact of
         | probiotic use in a diverse hospital-wide cohort. Am J Infect
         | Control. 2019;47(1):2-8. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2018.07.014
        
         | cortic wrote:
         | There is a risk here we are not talking about; Some significant
         | number of people die every year trying low risk solutions to
         | high risk problems, while not being qualified to judge risk.
         | 
         | Probiotics, tinctures, vitamins and a gluten free diet
         | basically killed a friends mother who spent years on these
         | things while her undiagnosed stomach cancer spread everywhere.
         | 
         | The issue as i see it, is that there is profit to be made
         | stringing people along from one 'cheap and harmless shot in the
         | dark' to the next.
        
           | encryptluks2 wrote:
           | I don't think people are advocating to not see a doctor and
           | discuss issues, but that there are intermediary steps that
           | can be tried. Sorry to hear what happened to your friend's
           | mom. I've seen the opposite where doctors will over prescribe
           | and rarely ever test and that ends up killing people too.
           | There is absolutely nothing wrong with trying supplemental
           | treatments and it is really no different than OTC remedies
           | that people spend billions on each year.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Was that OTC probiotics? Most of them seem to need
         | refrigeration, and I'm surprised they are not sold as such
         | (just placed on non-refrigerated shelves in stores or sent by
         | mail in a normal box without cooling).
        
           | SaintGhurka wrote:
           | Yes it's OTC. My box just says to store in a "cool dry place
           | away from sunlight". It doesn't specify a temperature range.
        
       | __alexs wrote:
       | I noticed when reading the Amazon reviews of probiotics recently
       | that a lot of people claim they improved their mood a lot too.
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | I suppose there's also an inverse correlation with, let's say,
         | "bathroom frequency"
        
       | kudzoo wrote:
       | A healthy gut microbiome has a diversity of bacteria. You want to
       | have a healthy gut microbiome because it has an incredible number
       | of interactions with your nervous system, which can impact mood,
       | energy, and brain function.
       | 
       | Below is a quick rundown of the essential tools for feeding one's
       | gut microbiome.
       | 
       | - Prebiotics: Carbohydrates and fiber that our body can't digest
       | but act as food for the bacteria in our gut.
       | 
       | - Active culture foods: Yogurt, sauerkraut, kimchi, etc that
       | contain active bacteria which support the growth of other
       | bacteria.
       | 
       | - Probiotics supplements: contain live active cultures.
       | 
       | If you have a depleted gut microbiome due to stress, disease or
       | recent usage of antibiotics, probiotics are useful to restart the
       | gut microbiome but probably aren't needed for maintenance.
       | Instead, you may be better off eating a diet that contains a
       | healthy amount of prebiotics (fiber, complex carbs) and fermented
       | foods.
        
         | midislack wrote:
         | This is a GPT post, right?
        
           | jb1991 wrote:
           | I was thinking something similar -- says a lot without saying
           | much.
        
             | midislack wrote:
             | Looks like it was just lifted from some article somewhere.
        
       | mfer wrote:
       | About 90% of serotonin is made in the gut [1]. This is one of
       | those things that helps us with being happy and an unhealthy gut
       | produces less. So, this makes sense.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22572-seroton...
        
         | zymun wrote:
         | Does this serotonin make its way to the brain?
        
           | jasongill wrote:
           | Seratonin is produced in multiple places in the body (not
           | just the brain, and apparently, most of the seratonin in your
           | body is not produced in the brain), but doesn't appear to
           | cross the blood-brain barrier.
           | 
           | I'm not a doctor but I think what that means is "seratonin in
           | your gut probably doesn't make it's way to the brain; but,
           | the rest of the body is already awash in seratonin, so
           | additional production in the gut can help increase those
           | levels, which may have some sort of yet-to-be-understood
           | action that has an impact on depression"
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | How does serotonin in a pill reach the brain then? :)
             | 
             | Is there some special delivery mechanism behind it?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | There is no serotonin in pills. SSRI stands for selective
               | serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It is a chemical that
               | modifies how certain cells reabsorb serotonin.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptak
               | e_i...
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | The serotonin in your brain doesn't come from the gut.
         | 
         | Serotonin isn't just a "happy chemical". The body uses it in
         | different places for different functions.
        
       | kache_ wrote:
       | n=40, seems a bit small. But this fits into a lot of anecdotal
       | accounts I've heard. Gut flora is very complex and not well
       | understood.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | What is an adequate sample size depends entirely on the effect
         | size.
        
           | kache_ wrote:
           | Yep. I wouldn't eat a mushroom that killed someone, sample
           | size being 1
        
         | Kakashi4 wrote:
         | I've also had anecdotal experience in agreement with this.
         | There have been many studies on this but most of them have a
         | similar small sample size. Wonder why it hasn't been conducted
         | with a larger sample size yet, or maybe it has but didn't find
         | anything so it's not being posted on HN -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | woliveirajr wrote:
       | > Probiotics maintained microbial diversity and increased the
       | abundance of the genus Lactobacillus, indicating the effectivity
       | of the probiotics to increase specific taxa. The increase of the
       | Lactobacillus was associated with decreased depressive symptoms
       | in the probiotics group. [0]
       | 
       | So, yogurt everybody ? [1] [2]
       | 
       | [0] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-022-01977-z [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt#Health_research [2]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probiotic
        
         | 0daystock wrote:
         | As long as it's not cow's milk yogurt, sure.
         | 
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20389060/
         | 
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23415826/
         | 
         | Also, the citations in the wikipedia article are hilariously
         | biased.
         | 
         | > Presented at the satellite symposium "First Global Summit on
         | the Health Effects of Yogurt." The conference was organized by
         | the ASN, the Nutrition Society, Danone Institute International,
         | and the Dairy Research Institute
         | 
         | Another paper was straight up one paid consultant writing an
         | industry-funded article. Here's who edited and reviewed it:
         | 
         | > Editorial assistance was provided by Chill Pill Media LLP,
         | which was contracted and funded by Danone Institute
         | International.
         | 
         | It's hilarious how desperate the dairy industry is to cook
         | science.
        
       | Ozzie_osman wrote:
       | I read this take somewhere that we are basically a vessel for our
       | microbiome / gut Flora. Our moods, what food we crave, how social
       | we are might all be impacted by them, in which case they do have
       | some sort of control over not just how we feel, but how we
       | behave. For instance if you eat a lot of sugar, you will crave
       | more sugar, and the argument would be that it's the bacteria that
       | have developed in your gut that are causing you to crave that
       | sugar because that is what they consume (vs the more human-
       | focused evolutionary argument of "sugar was rare and so humans
       | have evolved to crave as much of it as they can get").
       | 
       | Reality is probably a mix of both (ie we are a complex system
       | with wants/needs influenced by both our own body and the Flora
       | that live within it).
        
         | 0daystock wrote:
         | The literature couldn't be more clear in support of what you
         | wrote. It's actually a fairly well researched topic in
         | nutritional science.
         | 
         | https://nutritionfacts.org/video/microbiome-we-are-what-they...
        
       | 0daystock wrote:
       | Almost as if the gut microbiome (and by extension, the food we
       | eat) has massive influence over our mood, health and autonomy.
       | Crazy how that's a novel concept to people still.
        
       | ianstormtaylor wrote:
       | Anyone have recommendations for which probiotics are the best
       | ones to buy?
       | 
       | I always get confused while looking at all the various options,
       | and this seems like a good place to find someone who's done a lot
       | of research.
        
         | willseth wrote:
         | Visibiome has OTC and rx-only probiotics products, the latter
         | of which is used to treat severe IBS and ulcerative colitis.
         | Their OTC products are also very high potency and regularly
         | recommended by doctors as well.
         | 
         | Also, nicer grocery stores typically have a refrigerated
         | probiotics section, and those are typically good brands as well
         | (Garden of Life is one). Generally, shelf stable probiotics are
         | less potent and varied in cultures than ones requiring
         | refrigeration.
        
           | thrwy_918 wrote:
           | >Visibiome has OTC and rx-only probiotics products
           | 
           | It's worth pointing out that the actual biotic payload is
           | exactly the same between the two products, only the dosage is
           | different.
           | 
           | In other words, taking two packets of the regular unflavored
           | powder should deliver the same payload as one packet of the
           | rx-only "extra-strength" powder.
           | 
           | I suspect the only reason the higher strength product exists,
           | and is rx-only, is so that it can be covered by health
           | insurance for some people.
        
             | willseth wrote:
             | Sure, I was pointing this out only because it's a signal
             | that their product has gone through a more rigorous
             | approval process to be accepted by insurance
        
         | wtk wrote:
         | I think the market is flooded with supplements, while you can
         | help your gut bacteria with natural products like kefir (kind
         | of buttermilk), kombucha, kimchi like products. I happen to
         | love all those mentioned.
        
           | enviclash wrote:
           | Same here, loving all things fermented! I am surprised people
           | actually spend on probiotics, while kefir cultures (et alli)
           | are so easy to buy.
        
           | 0daystock wrote:
           | Those are all very bad recommendations. Buttermilk is loaded
           | with cholesterol and saturated fat, kombucha with sugar, and
           | fermented vegetables like kimchi have shown to increase
           | prostate adenocarcinoma. You want to regulate your gut flora
           | with a variety of whole plant-based foods, not quick fixes
           | like pills and a jar of stinky cabbage.
        
             | enviclash wrote:
             | You are telling me milk kefir is the cause of health
             | issues? I would suggest limiting it to a few spoons a few
             | times per week, then.
        
               | glogla wrote:
               | How would you make that practical? How long can you keep
               | a bottle of kefir open before it goes bad?
        
               | enviclash wrote:
               | I have half glass of milk with kefir cultures, only, and
               | I keep in the fridge. I use it also ad sauce, because the
               | cultures get big and it gets concentrated and strong.
        
             | monadgonad wrote:
             | Neither dietary cholesterol nor saturated fat nor sugar are
             | bad in moderation, and that's completely orthogonal to the
             | point of them providing probiotics.
        
               | 0daystock wrote:
               | Motor oil could provide probiotics if cultured - wouldn't
               | make it healthy to consume, except in "moderation".
        
         | logankeenan wrote:
         | Disclaimer, I'm a software engineer for Ritual.
         | 
         | Antidotally, I recently started taking a probiotic and have had
         | great improvements in digestive health. I also have a chronic
         | digestive disease.
         | 
         | Ritual recently launched a probiotic which includes the two
         | most studied strains, LGG and BB-12. Our formulation and
         | technology is very much driven by science. Maybe it's right for
         | you.
         | 
         | https://ritual.com/products/synbiotic-plus-for-gut-health
        
           | okdood64 wrote:
           | Off-topic: Please don't take this the wrong way. What sorts
           | of engineering does an engineer at Ritual do? From an outside
           | perspective it's just a website selling healthcare products.
           | Is there some sort of big data driven approach to developing
           | the products?
        
             | logankeenan wrote:
             | None taken and thanks for asking! I'll speak generally
             | about this, at some point eCommerce sites will out grow
             | what Shopify/etc offers. They need better integration with
             | their partners and better control of their data. We rely on
             | data to help measure the outcomes of decisions we make.
             | This is not just engineering, but the whole company. The
             | engineering side operates very much like any other software
             | startup where we iterate on features that will help us grow
             | and support our existing customers.
             | 
             | A fun example is that we did not have the concept of a cart
             | at the very beginning. You don't need a cart when you only
             | have one product, so why spend development time building
             | that? My most recent work has been performance because that
             | was worth spending time on now. Before that, I worked on
             | allowing customers to update their subscriptions via an
             | email magic link for the launch of Synbiotic+ (the
             | probiotic). We then look at our data to see how effective
             | our efforts were in supporting the hypothesis which
             | initially kicked off the work. Hope that helps!
        
         | vecter wrote:
         | I've had bad gas most of my life. I just kind of assumed it was
         | me and there was nothing I could do about it. I started on 10
         | Billion CFUs of Lactobacillus Acidophilus [0] a few weeks ago
         | and my gas went away in literally one day. I take 10B CFUs
         | every day or every other day now (every other is probably
         | sufficient), and it's still gone. I'm literally amazed. I
         | started taking it because I saw a video from Dr. Eric Berg [1]
         | about how to deal with a potential candida overgrowth.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-
         | acidophilus/art...
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9wWC7M0QxI
        
           | pionar wrote:
           | It should be noted that Eric Berg is a known quack and
           | conspiracy theorist. I'd be careful taking what he says as
           | fact.
           | 
           | He is not a medical doctor, he is a chiropractor.
        
           | pkrotich wrote:
           | It's a shame because in the bygone ages you could have been
           | knighted as Touch Wood or Safety champion - flatulence games
           | for those wondering. ;)
        
       | negroni wrote:
       | My wife as been on SSRIs for years. Anecdotally, a few years ago,
       | she noticed when she forgets to order her probiotics she slides
       | into a malaise after a few days. For both of our benefit, I now
       | make sure we never run out. https://www.amazon.com/Probiotics-
       | Billion-CFU-Prebiotics-Aci...
        
       | NickRandom wrote:
       | Note to mods: I 'editorialised' submission title slightly
       | (Original is "Good bacteria to tackle depression") which seemed a
       | bit click-baity
        
         | josiahpeters wrote:
         | I appreciate your editorial take. Thanks for saying no to
         | click-bait titles!
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | zackmorris wrote:
       | I finally beat my digestive issues and chronic fatigue (physical
       | depression) which lasted 3+ years from 2019-2021. Without getting
       | too far into it, here's the stuff that finally worked, weighted
       | by immediacy on a scale of 10:
       | 
       | - 10: Eating a serving of Brussels sprouts, preferably daily
       | 
       | - 10: Taking about 3 psyllium husk capsules occasionally with
       | FODMAP and spicy meals
       | 
       | - 10: Taking a digestive enzyme occasionally with FODMAP and
       | spicy meals (Digest Basic, no affiliation)
       | 
       | - 10: Taking a "stress" B complex with 100% daily, instead of
       | 1000% weekly (Nature Made, no affiliation)
       | 
       | - 10: Avoiding all beans, unaged dairy, whole-grain wheat and
       | most tree nuts for a few months
       | 
       | - 8: Drinking at least twice as much water as I feel that I need,
       | from one big container over the course of the day
       | 
       | - 8: Eating plain giant salads with dressing, preferably spinach-
       | greens mix, several times per week
       | 
       | - 8: Drinking Kefir daily
       | 
       | - 6: Trying several different brands of probiotics occasionally
       | in no particular order
       | 
       | - 6: Eating 1-4 eggs per day, preferably on post-workout days
       | 
       | - 6: Taking an iodine supplement initially, a few times per week
       | until the bottle was gone
       | 
       | I think what kicked this all off was dabbling with keto 5 years
       | ago which might have cost me most of my tolerance to milk, and
       | prolonged dehydration from intense workouts and large servings of
       | protein without proactive hydration. When I lost my gut health, I
       | may have picked up bad bacteria or parasites from food poisoning
       | or raw seafood. I was also under debilitating stress during the
       | last few years at my previous job, so began every morning on an
       | empty tank spiritually. I never listened to my body until my
       | health failed and it made the decision to stop for me.
       | 
       | The biggest change has been that being tired feels ordinary and
       | rare, with no emotional component. Instead of the crushing
       | "universe is against me" sense of being attacked, alone and
       | hopeless knowing there was no end of it in sight, which I endured
       | for many years before my physical health's deterioration finally
       | caught up.
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | How do you know any of that worked?
         | 
         | You can't do all that stuff to yourself - and - go through
         | COVID (and other things) which has caused widespread
         | depression, and assume any of that had an affect one wary or
         | another without a fairly big randomized trial isolating all of
         | those elements.
         | 
         | Even just the notion of 'regime' will change people's psyches
         | via placebo.
         | 
         | I mean, I would certainly 'feel' healthy if I did such a list
         | of 'ostensibly healthy things'.
         | 
         | That said, I wouldn't doubt some of it did, and that we are
         | just barely beginning to understand gut health.
        
         | dontbenebby wrote:
         | I can't give instructions that specific but despite my
         | sometimes spastic post history, having a healthier diet (yogurt
         | in the morning for "breakfast" + 2 small meals, (as in an
         | espresso and a croissant) then a big meal in the evening + no
         | liquid calories (booze counts) helped me drop 50lb.
         | 
         | Another key seemed to be avoiding artificial sugar.
         | 
         | Following these heuristics (not rules - strict diets encourage
         | you to chase losses if you slip up) seemed to help more than
         | any strict diet, though it helps with _depression_ , not
         | _anxiety_ , which is mostly situational.
         | 
         | (This is a news site. The news is not good right now, even
         | here, away from war and famine in the "tech world".)
        
         | mrharrison wrote:
         | I had similar issues. I went and saw a functional medicine
         | doctor, had a stool test and he diagnosed me with candida
         | overgrowth. Which may be what you had. Here is the diet
         | protocol for beating back candida, which is similar to the diet
         | you put yourself on. https://www.thecandidadiet.com/
        
         | alexfromapex wrote:
         | I think the main things here that helped me too are probiotics
         | and B complex (the choline) because they both support healthy
         | bile production
        
         | jstx1 wrote:
         | So difficult to pick out which part of this had what effect
         | though.
        
           | smt88 wrote:
           | Or none of it had any effect, and something psychological or
           | undiagnosed was resolved.
           | 
           | It's a completely meaningless list for us and (possibly) for
           | OP.
        
         | DantesKite wrote:
         | I can give some context for what may have happened because I
         | went through something similar.
         | 
         | My two cents is the biggest factors were the keto and the
         | stress. A low carb, high fat diet does not traditionally
         | feature intact plant cell walls, or what we otherwise know as
         | "fiber". There are literally thousands of different of
         | variations of "fiber" of which we have catalogued only a few,
         | but these structures feed the microbiota in your gut. And they
         | really do depend on fiber in a profound way.
         | 
         | Without this fiber, they tend to starve and adjust to feed on
         | the epithelial lining of your gut. It also gives an opportunity
         | for the pathogens in your gut to "takeover", especially when
         | paired with the stress since most of the "beneficial" microbes
         | will tend to die off.
         | 
         | When you read stories of people who got an autoimmune problem,
         | there's almost always a period of severe stress prior to it. My
         | working hypothesis is this impairs the immune system which is
         | what keeps the pathogenic bacteria in check through several
         | mechanisms (pathogen-associated-molecular-pattern detection or
         | PAMPs for instance).
         | 
         | Through much, much trial and error and a lot of scientific
         | article research, I've found the most consistent way to restore
         | microbiota ratios is with Vitamin D, followed by a clinically
         | tested probiotic like Visbiome, followed by Kefir. The Vitamin
         | D alone at moderate to high doses will get you very far,
         | although it doesn't necessarily restore diversity (since
         | Vitamin D in of itself does not contain any microbes) but it
         | helps shift the balance of microbes through a variety of
         | biochemical functions.
         | 
         | Vitamin D also helps with gum disease in my experience and in a
         | way no other supplement or product has so far. Highly recommend
         | and you don't even have to take a high dosage to see it for
         | yourself. You just have to be consistent.
         | 
         | One last thing I'll say is that for whatever reason taking the
         | supplement seems to work better than exposing yourself to
         | sunlight, which is unusual, but there may be something about
         | the biochemical pathway Vitamin D takes when consumed as a
         | supplement as opposed through the cholesterol-synthesis that
         | happens with UVB.
        
           | jollybean wrote:
           | "Through much, much trial and error and a lot of scientific
           | article research, I've found the most consistent way to ..."
           | etc..
           | 
           | Unless one has done proper, randomized, medical trials, I
           | don't see how anyone could use such unambiguous language.
           | 
           | These n=1 experiences lacking in objectivity and also likely
           | proper measures might help us discover new ground for things
           | that might work (i.e. the basis for a trail), but without any
           | testing it's not something any reasonable person should be
           | walking around saying 'works', unless you mean to indicate
           | you're referring to the literature.
        
         | barrysteve wrote:
         | _- 6: Taking an iodine supplement initially, a few times per
         | week until the bottle was gone_
         | 
         | Iodine related to hypothyroidism?
        
       | harigov wrote:
       | I have always had a significant mood boost from taking probiotics
       | - either from food or as supplements. Some forms of probiotics
       | make me overly happy to the point that it is detrimental to my
       | life. Recently I started taking these probiotics - seed.com - and
       | find them reasonably balanced. You will see improved mood and
       | sleep for a few days but then not much - not sure why it doesn't
       | persist. I am still continuing with these because they seem to be
       | helping with other digestive issues. I also notice way more mood
       | improvement when eating Sauerkraut so try to eat a couple of
       | tablespoons of it everyday. I have experimented enough with
       | microbiome related stuff that I am fully convinced they play a
       | major role in ones health (including mood and energy). That said,
       | there is way more to it than simply the species of bacteria.
       | Where those bacteria are located in the gut (small or large
       | intestine or colon), what other species are there, your genetics,
       | your diet, lifestyle, your psyche, etc., all play a part in their
       | functioning. I wish there was a more "big-data" approach to
       | figuring out things than researching one species at a time.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | InfiniteRand wrote:
       | One thing with depression is that every ache and discomfort gets
       | amplified and seems endless and indicative of the terrible nature
       | of existence.
       | 
       | So taking care of yourself in numerous ways is helpful. Not sure
       | if that's all that's going on with the probiotic link but it's a
       | factor.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, depression saps your will to care for yourself so
       | eating better, exercising, sleeping better are all easier said
       | than done
        
       | sealthedeal wrote:
       | Kombucha is the way
        
       | nope96 wrote:
       | This study scared me away from trying Probiotics:
       | 
       | Probiotics linked to brain fog, severe abdominal bloating
       | 
       | https://www.healio.com/news/gastroenterology/20180808/probio...
       | 
       | "What we now know is that probiotic bacteria have the unique
       | capacity to break down sugar and produce D-lactic acid," he said
       | in the press release. "So, if you inadvertently colonize your
       | small bowel with probiotic bacteria, then you have set the stage
       | for potentially developing lactic acidosis and brain fogginess."
        
       | AmateurLeader wrote:
        
       | getpost wrote:
       | I'm doing a trial of Sugar Shift[0][1], inspired by William
       | Davis[2]. There may be a small improvement in my mood, but not
       | enough to say with certainty. I'm not doing any tests to monitor
       | for the other possible benefits of the supplement. Two weeks into
       | the trial, I have a mouth sore, which is rare for me (less than
       | one occurrence per year). This may be coincidental, but I
       | discontinued the supplement for the time being.
       | 
       | I don't have a blood glucose problem particularly, but I am
       | hoping to reduce inflammation. The manufacturer offers several
       | probiotic supplements, and Sugar Shift seems to be the most
       | comprehensive.
       | 
       | [0] https://biotiquest.com/pages/sugar-shift [1]
       | https://biotiquest.com/blogs/blog/sugar-shift-challenge-the-...
       | [2] https://drdavisinfinitehealth.com/
        
       | cess11 wrote:
       | Leonid Schneider has some interesting background on Lang and
       | Schmidt.
       | 
       | https://forbetterscience.com/2022/06/17/schneider-shorts-17-...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jokoon wrote:
       | The problem is that you have to take them often to colonize your
       | gut, so it becomes a bit expensive, and it won't work on
       | everyone, depending on their gut (since scientists know too
       | little about the gut).
        
         | pbhjpbhj wrote:
         | I've heard that most of a probiotic dies in the stomach. That
         | what you need is probiotics: foods that make the gut more
         | friendly to the right types of bacteria, which basically
         | amounts to 'a range of vegetables'.
         | 
         | I haven't studied this topic however.
        
         | goda90 wrote:
         | My hypothesis is that probiotics also need to be paired with
         | the right diet. Bacteria needs to be fed, and needs to compete
         | with the existing gut flora. If conditions aren't right, then
         | they may never get a foothold.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jokoon wrote:
           | Yeah and honestly I don't think there is a "right diet",
           | because that might be highly dependent on the person, his/her
           | food history, medical past, antibiotics, genetics, physical
           | activity, the "initial gut bacteria" at birth, breast fed or
           | not, etc.
           | 
           | Of course one can expect the usual "less sugar and fat, more
           | macro nutrient", but unless there's proof and proper cause-
           | effect relationships, it's going to be complex to draw
           | conclusions. I'm not really sure that sugar causes a bad
           | balance in the gut bacteria.
           | 
           | Not to mention all the chemicals in food and the environment
           | that makes it almost impossible to track what could work and
           | what would not.
        
           | stephen_g wrote:
           | Yeah, it requires types of dietary fibre classed as
           | 'prebiotic' [1].
           | 
           | 1. https://www.monash.edu/medicine/ccs/gastroenterology/prebi
           | ot...
        
       | awinter-py wrote:
       | actual results are in figure 1 of the linked article
       | 
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-022-01977-z/figures/1
       | 
       | they were using the HAM-D instrument to measure impact. The
       | probiotics group appears to have initial +2 HAM-D (19 vs 17), and
       | have -1 at follow-up (7 vs 8).
       | 
       | This is for relatively small N (21 completed probiotics course,
       | 26 placebo), and the fact that the difference is _smaller_ at the
       | end vs at the beginning says  'within the noise' to me.
       | 
       | results section also notes probiotic group had twice the drop-out
       | rate of the placebo group (30% vs 13%)
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | How to find the best probiotics?
        
         | UI_at_80x24 wrote:
         | I don't know much this topic, but if you are looking for
         | supplements make sure they are refrigerated. Yogurt is probably
         | the easiest/best way to ingest them though instead of specific
         | pills.
        
         | MezzoDelCammin wrote:
         | The original study [1] uses Vivomixx in about double dose.
         | 
         | According to them it's because it is easily accessible and has
         | multiple strains of bacteria in it (they were not trying to go
         | for one strain in particular).
         | 
         | 1 : chapter "Study intervention" of
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-022-01977-z
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | Cenk wrote:
       | Here's a direct link to a PDF of the study:
       | https://oa.mg/pdf/s41398-022-01977-z.pdf
        
       | justsocrateasin wrote:
       | Sample size of 1 here, but hopefully worth the read.
       | 
       | I got food poisoning while abroad shortly after college, and took
       | some shitty OTC antibiotics. I was low-grade sick for ~1 month,
       | and when I came home I started developing IBS which got
       | progressively worse over the next few years. FODMAP saved me, but
       | at the detriment of needing to eliminate a lot of foods that I
       | loved eating.
       | 
       | Recently I started eating 2tbps of chia seeds with some lemon
       | juice and water daily. Chia seeds are incredibly fibrous. Over
       | the next month, my stomach seemed to get permanently better - I
       | can now eat larger quantities of some of those "problem" foods
       | without debilitating side effects.
       | 
       | The bacteria in your gut affect a whole lot of things. And there
       | are competing cultures, all of which like to eat different
       | things. My hunch is that I coaxed the fiber-loving ones back to
       | health, and they in turn did me the favor of repressing the
       | cultures that liked fermenting beans and cruciferous vegetables.
       | There's a lot we don't know about our gut microbiome, but my
       | guess is that eating high-fiber, high-diversity diets is a much
       | better solution than taking a pill.
        
       | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
       | Garbage in, garbage out. Everybody wants a pill or supplement
       | rather than adopting healthy eating habits.
       | 
       | My "chronic" acid reflux disappeared by simply doing what I
       | already knew I should be doing: Eat fruits and vegetables. Fish >
       | chicken > beef > pork. Don't buy snacks or sugary drinks. You
       | aren't hungry, you're bored.
       | 
       | I wish doctors would treat the whole person rather than
       | prescribing a pill. I wish my doctor told me to do these things
       | before prescribing me omeprazole when I had an issue.
        
       | cpncrunch wrote:
       | Hmmm not very impressive. See figure 1. Placebo and treatment
       | group have identical depression scores post intervention, and the
       | small difference at followup is the same amount as the difference
       | between groups.
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | Full paper here:
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-022-01977-z
       | 
       | Skip down to Figure 1 to see the chart. Note that the response to
       | placebo is normally extremely strong in depression studies, so
       | it's normal to see both groups improve drastically like this.
       | 
       | The only thing that jumps out to me is that the probiotic group
       | started with HAM-D depression inventory scores that were notably
       | higher. When measuring absolute reduction of HAM-D scores, this
       | actually leaves the more depressed patients with more room to
       | improve and can therefore inflate the perceived effectiveness of
       | their response, placebo or otherwise. And indeed, both groups had
       | basically identical scores at the end of the trial. They only
       | really diverged at follow-up where the probiotic group had
       | improved slightly more than placebo.
       | 
       | I've seen enough probiotic stories that failed to pan out later
       | that I'd take this one with a huge grain of salt. Trying
       | probiotics might be worthwhile if you can afford them, but the
       | probiotic-depression link never seems to actually play out from
       | online anecdotes of people taking them. Note that we've been
       | seeing small studies about this exact topic for a long, long
       | time.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | enviclash wrote:
         | Very good insights. Still I am surprised by one point: why do
         | you use the verb "afford" for probiotics? Kefir from milk is
         | home-made and 1.5 buck per liter at most.
        
         | cpncrunch wrote:
         | HN users seem to have a habit of posting crap science wrapped
         | up in impressive sounding news stories, and it's kind of
         | annoying. This is meant to be a group of intelligent people who
         | should have the ability to click on the link to the article and
         | look at the actual results.
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | The community has grown a lot. A ton of junk is posted (a
           | ton, browse new for a while) but the real deal here is that
           | sometimes enough people upvote the junk to frontpage it. I
           | don't know why but I think sometimes some people just want
           | certain things to be true.
        
             | encryptluks2 wrote:
             | I'm speaking from anecdotal evidence here but I have seen a
             | lot of research that indicate the digestive tract is
             | basically the primary storage of serotonin. And whenever I
             | get chronically depressed I also get chronically
             | constipated. I don't necessarily think probiotics are a
             | magical cure but I think anything that aids with digestion
             | and moving things through the digestive tract can help.
        
               | guerrilla wrote:
               | > the digestive tract is basically the primary storage of
               | serotonin.
               | 
               | What does this even mean? Monoamines aren't fat or
               | glycogen stored in the body. The digestive tract has
               | serotonin receptors, like the brain, but they differ in
               | purpose entirely. Monamines are just messenger chemicals.
               | Their context determines the actual message. I get it...
               | it makes sense, humans are basically worms and worms are
               | basically digestive tracts, that's our main thing, but
               | taking this fact and making predictive science out of it
               | is not trivial at all and anecdotal evidence means
               | absolutely nothing so please never ever ever ever mention
               | it in public forums.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | cpncrunch wrote:
               | Serotonin does not cross the blood brain barrier. Quite
               | often neurotransmitters are used in different parts of
               | the body and have different purposes.
               | 
               | Gut motility is driven by the autonomic nervous system.
               | The sympathetic nervous system controls colon motility,
               | and the parasympathetic controls digestion and stomach
               | emptying. Depending on the type of depression you have,
               | it can alter the HPA axis up or down. Let's say you have
               | the "don't want to get out of bed and do anything" type.
               | In that case your HPA axis is likely underactive. That
               | results in reduced sympathetic nervous system activation
               | (as it operates in parallel with the HPA axis). That then
               | results in reduced colon motility and constipation.
               | 
               | Sometimes often I get constipation at weekends for this
               | reason. I'm not depressed, but if I don't do much at the
               | weekend after a busy week then (I assume) my HPA axis
               | reduces, and that causes constipation.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | wbsss4412 wrote:
           | HN tends to have a lot of insight into tech topics, and a
           | high level of hubris when it comes to non tech topics.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Also:
       | 
       | https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/news/friendly-gut-bacteria-speeds-lon...
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | I had to go on a probiotic diet due to medication once.
       | 
       | My favorite dish (that I still eat!) was simply mixing powdered
       | baking chocolate with Greek yogurt.
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | When I think of probiotics I think of this song
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnJM_jC7j_4
       | 
       | because probiotics are the "ones that mother gives you [that]
       | don't do anything at all"
       | 
       | (Right up there with Vitamin D supplements. Everything good, like
       | low blood pressure and your team winning the Superbowl seems to
       | be associated with high vitamin D in the population and
       | everything bad is associated with low vitamin D... But when you
       | supplement Vitamin D seems to lower your blood pressure as much
       | as it makes your team win the Superbowl.)
        
         | Alex3917 wrote:
         | > But when you supplement Vitamin D seems to lower your blood
         | pressure as much as it makes your team win the Superbowl
         | 
         | Because you need UVA to convert the vitamin D to nitric oxide,
         | and if you're getting enough UVA to do that then you're also
         | more likely to already be getting enough UVB to create
         | sufficient vitamin D in the first place.[1] Not super
         | complicated.
         | 
         | Taking vitamin D supplements is probably still better than not
         | taking them if you're deficient, but if you understand the
         | mechanism of action then it should be obvious as to why the
         | science is always equivocal.
         | 
         | [1] Or, more precisely, vitamin D regulates nitric oxide
         | synthesis.
        
         | wutbrodo wrote:
         | You're commenting on a post about an RCT that does show
         | probiotics having an effect...? And AIUI, there's plenty of
         | other evidence of a) their efficacy for changing the gut biome
         | and b) the gut biome's causal effect on a variety of health
         | issues.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | An rct with n=40 is better than the junk non-controlled
           | studies that inexplicably get funded and accepted by journals
           | but probably meaningless for something involving something as
           | subjective as mental health.
        
         | PKop wrote:
         | You need to get it from sunlight. Modern man has way too little
         | sun exposure, and the meme of everyone being afraid of sun and
         | using sunscreen obsessively exacerbates the problem.
        
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