[HN Gopher] A mystery of the ketogenic diet: benevolent pseudo-d...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A mystery of the ketogenic diet: benevolent pseudo-diabetes (2019)
        
       Author : JPLeRouzic
       Score  : 113 points
       Date   : 2022-06-15 16:24 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
        
       | eternityforest wrote:
       | Do we have any evidence it's benevolent? I thought there were
       | studies showing keto people were a bit more likely to die?
        
       | Melatonic wrote:
       | I've done Keto and for some periods of time I liked it. But I
       | think what really happens is that most people are not eating Real
       | Food (which is an actual term btw) and when they switch to Keto
       | they cut out a ton of processed crap and wheat/corn derivatives
       | and that is actually what makes them feel better.
        
         | dawnerd wrote:
         | You can eat heavily processed keto food too. Dirty Keto still
         | works and not going to lie I do it a lot and still end up
         | feeling better.
        
         | GeekyBear wrote:
         | I lost a ton of weight and have kept it off for a decade by
         | cutting out sweetened drinks, getting rid of refined
         | carbohydrates, and learning to cook my own food from scratch.
         | 
         | I make no effort to count calories or control portions.
        
           | Darkphibre wrote:
           | Love the anecdote, wish it applied to me!! I constantly drift
           | upwards, even when eating crazy healthy. My "caloric
           | rheostat" is just dialed in a bit high, so I have to accept I
           | need to eat less than I think is correct... so I have to
           | watch my macros religiously.
           | 
           | But, that's what healthy living habits are: Finding what
           | works for you!
        
       | hoofhearthed wrote:
       | I'm a 30 year old male, running a little over my third
       | 'diaversary', don't have any other type 1's in the family so
       | diagnose was really surprising at first.
       | 
       | Have always thought my Ketogenic diet period, which I ran for
       | about 9 months approx 1.5 years before diagnose, could have had
       | something to do with me 'developing' type 1. Did discuss this
       | with my doc, she assured me they found the markers in my blood
       | work indicating auto immune disease etc.
       | 
       | Still intrigued by these kind of papers that seem to relate the
       | different topics.
        
         | oifjsidjf wrote:
         | Could you write what your keto diet was like before the
         | diagnosis? Eg meats, oils, what kind of fats..? Also how much
         | did you eat? Do you exercise?
        
       | thepasswordis wrote:
       | Just an anecdote: keto diets for control of obesity are so
       | effective it feels like a hack.
       | 
       | It's really interesting to see the diet industry attack this.
       | Calling it a "fad diet" as if eating low carbs is somehow a fad.
       | Other things I've seen are essentially "keto diets are for
       | treating epilepsy, not for losing weight!" Etc.
       | 
       | Keto diets don't require you to buy any products or books or take
       | any courses or anything. Just literally read the nutrition facts
       | and eat 20-50 carbs a day.
       | 
       | If you are struggling with obesity I _highly_ recommend trying a
       | low carb diet.
        
         | freetanga wrote:
         | Almost all Keto programs include some minerals you might be
         | missing out from limiting your food selection- zinc and
         | potassium come to mind.
         | 
         | While I generally agree with you, I think many people have a
         | strong rebound after a few months, that does not teach adequate
         | portion size for later on, and after some age and some health
         | conditions, it can put stress on kidney / liver
        
           | stjohnswarts wrote:
           | they don't have to. you can get those from plants and adding
           | in potassium salt. It's not a big deal.
        
         | RobertRoberts wrote:
         | I don't think you even need to go full keto to get benefit from
         | this idea. I often just eat eggs and some veges for breakfast
         | on weekends (knowing full well I will be hungry for lunch) and
         | this has helped me control my appetite, be satisfied/satiated
         | and not gain weight. (I practice IF as well though during the
         | week)
        
         | chinchilla2020 wrote:
         | The diet industry makes their money on the perpetually-
         | overweight. They don't make money off of someone who modified
         | their eating habits and is now physically fit.
         | 
         | Physically fit people don't buy their magic pills and weight
         | loss programs.
        
           | GameOfFrowns wrote:
           | >Physically fit people don't buy their magic pills and weight
           | loss programs.
           | 
           | You would be amazed by the amount of supplement pills and
           | powders with which many "fit and healthy" people fill up
           | their cabinets, while paying 1000s of dollars for beach body
           | DVD programs, apps, overpriced kitchen appliances and branded
           | gear. It's just a different industry that is selling you the
           | illusion.
        
         | koningrobot wrote:
         | > Just an anecdote: keto diets for control of obesity are so
         | effective it feels like a hack.
         | 
         | I'm genuinely fascinated that you prefaced this clearly-not-an-
         | anecdote with "just an anecdote". If it had been an anecdote,
         | it would have been fine without the preface. Instead it's a
         | sweeping claim that at best requires several anecdotes to
         | support it.
        
           | thepasswordis wrote:
           | How is my sharing my experience _not_ an anecdote?
           | 
           | >a short amusing or interesting story about a real incident
           | or person.
           | 
           | >keto is so effect [for me] that it feels like a hack [to
           | me].
           | 
           | This is literally an anecdote.
        
             | koningrobot wrote:
             | You made a statement about "keto diets" in the plural, and
             | "for control of obesity" in general. An anecdote would be
             | you relating which of this plurality of keto diets you
             | tried and what results you found with each of them. "Keto
             | diets [...] are effective" is a conclusion one may or may
             | not take away from such anecdotes, but it is not itself an
             | anecdote.
        
         | omega3 wrote:
         | Isn't the ratio between fats and proteins also important?
        
           | stjohnswarts wrote:
           | Yeah, it's like 85% fat, 10% protein, 5% carbs. low carb
           | doesn't really go like that, it's basically "just don't have
           | sugar and carbs" but doesn't propose a ratio of perfection
           | for fats vs protein.
        
         | nerdawson wrote:
         | Couldn't agree more!
         | 
         | Keto is EASY compared to any other diet I've tried for one key
         | reason: you don't feel hungry.
         | 
         | You can eat as much as you want, whenever you like. Soon enough
         | though the effects kick in, your hunger is supressed, and you
         | have to remind yourself to eat at times.
         | 
         | No matter how enthusiastic you are at the start, hunger quickly
         | erodes willpower. I failed miserably at the typical low-fat
         | diet. Keto was the cheat code.
        
           | _zoltan_ wrote:
           | I loved keto when I did it - just step on the scale in the
           | morning, see results, and voila, positive feedback loop.
           | 
           | The only downside that I can think of it was really, really,
           | really, REALLY boring.
           | 
           | so boring in fact that after a while I did not look forward
           | to eating - while normally I am a foodie and just love to
           | eat, when I did keto that wish to eat was gone.
           | 
           | however I still would very much recommend keto if you can
           | find the life setting that supports you doing keto, because I
           | can guarantee you that other members of your family will not
           | want to eat what you eat- once or twice, MAYBE, but not all
           | the time.
        
             | saurik wrote:
             | Maybe life is supposed to be boring. That, or maybe we
             | should all try heroin?
        
               | rrssh wrote:
               | If your life is boring and you have tried everything you
               | should try heroin.
        
           | Aerroon wrote:
           | The second reason why keto is easy is because it produces
           | "results" very quickly. Your scale will drop rapidly in just
           | a few days. You haven't _actually_ lost that amount of fat,
           | you 've lost a bunch of water in your cells, but the scale
           | still tells you that the number went down. And the number
           | changing for the better is what can help us keep at it.
           | 
           | This is also a "hack" to get into clothes that are a little
           | too tight way faster. Your body basically shrinks a little.
        
             | biomcgary wrote:
             | Just make sure you supplement potassium since that tends to
             | be lost with the water.
        
         | candiddevmike wrote:
         | They're a hack because they're indirectly calorie deficient, as
         | it's incredibly hard to overeat on calories without carbs
         | (unless you're eating a ton of fat). If you did while on a keto
         | diet, you'd still gain weight.
         | 
         | Weight gain = calories in - calories out
        
           | oh_sigh wrote:
           | This completely disregards the question of _why_ is it easier
           | to overeat on carbs than it is on protein /fats?
           | 
           | Protein is as calorie dense as carbs, and fat is twice as
           | calorie dense as carbs. So it isn't mere volume of food in
           | the stomach that causes the difference - if it was, it would
           | be easier to overeat on protein/fats than on carbs.
           | 
           | Basically, it sounds like you're treating the human body like
           | some black hole that calories get thrown into, when in
           | reality there is a very complex feedback loop taking place
           | based on what your bodily inputs and outputs are.
        
             | biomcgary wrote:
             | As an evolutionary biologist, I suspect that mammals (and
             | likely other animals) are primed to take advantage of
             | sugary, transiently available food (i.e., fruit) by storing
             | it as fat. Fructose in particular bypasses most of the
             | feedback loops that control glucose.
        
               | marcus0x62 wrote:
               | Dr Richard Johnson has researched this extensively and,
               | yes, fructose consumption triggers increased fat storage
               | in almost all humans. He summarized his research findings
               | in a book[1] and has discussed his findings in a number
               | of interviews [2]. I highly recommend the linked podcast
               | if this is a topic that interests you.
               | 
               | 1 - https://www.amazon.com/Fat-Switch-Richard-J-Johnson-
               | ebook/dp...
               | 
               | 2 - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rick-johnson-m-
               | d-metab...
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | Because it is processed garbage. If you want to get fat on
             | fat use highly concentrated oils.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | Keto is about making your body regulate body weight on its
           | own.
           | 
           | Why exactly do I need to know this equation? My body can do
           | that for me automatically.
        
           | crazy1van wrote:
           | Certainly it's possible to overeat even without carbs and
           | still gain weight. However, there is more to fat storage than
           | just calories. Like many systems in the body, fat storage is
           | controlled by hormones. Hormones are affected by the types of
           | food you eat. Therefore, what you eat can also influence the
           | amount of fat you store.
        
           | gotstad wrote:
           | It is actually not only because Keto is calorie deficient,
           | but also because it encourages ketogenic metabolism, which
           | means that while you are calorie deficient you are more
           | effective at burning fat. Compared with a standard calorie
           | deficient diet, you have more stable energy levels throughout
           | the day, because the body adapts to not getting carbs.
        
           | notum wrote:
           | There's also the loss of appetite, as there's one less
           | component to the "Fat+Carb" compulsive eating trigger.
           | 
           | I've had incredible success with keto, but I did yo-yo back,
           | the downside of keto being so easy is that it's hard to get
           | back into it, knowing that you'll almost effortlessly get
           | results eventually, so I'm nutritionally procrastinating.
        
             | tbihl wrote:
             | Yeah, me too. Bread consumption is like a dial of 'do I
             | really care enough to lose weight?'
        
             | mrandish wrote:
             | > the loss of appetite
             | 
             | I've been strict keto now for over five years. Prior to
             | that I was clinically obese for decades. I tried lots of
             | different dieting approaches and most of them "worked" to
             | lose weight to some extent. The issue was I would _always_
             | regain the weight because I couldn 't maintain the diet due
             | to the constant hunger and sense of deprivation. While all
             | diets, including keto, ultimately "work" through calorie
             | reduction. The unique aspect of keto for me was it was the
             | only approach that allowed me to reduce calories without
             | hunger or deprivation.
             | 
             | N=1 and individual metabolisms and preferences are
             | different, so I don't try to extrapolate my results to
             | everyone. All I can say is that after struggling for so
             | long with so many other approaches, keto worked for me so
             | fast, so easily and so well - it does feel almost like a
             | hack.
        
           | tokamak-teapot wrote:
           | Trust me, I can easily overeat calories without carbs - on
           | keto - and gain weight. It's a lot easier to choose not to,
           | however.
        
             | mrandish wrote:
             | I've been strict keto for over five years and intend to
             | continue for life due to the weight loss, health, emotional
             | and cognitive benefits I experience. A little while back I
             | did a casual experiment where I intentionally increased
             | caloric intake while remaining strict keto. I did
             | ultimately start to gain weight, of course (because --->
             | physics).
             | 
             | What was impressive though was how long it took and how
             | slow the gain progressed. Because keto calories tend to be
             | so satiating, it almost felt like I had to _work_ at
             | getting my energy balance to stay meaningfully positive.
             | When I 'm full on natural fats, it's hard to keep eating.
             | The other interesting thing was, even though I gained some
             | weight, I maintained most of the non-weight related
             | benefits (cognitive, emotional balance). My guess is this
             | may be due to keto calories being almost all fresh,
             | unprocessed foods.
        
         | screye wrote:
         | At the end of the day any rigid diet the restricts processed
         | sugars is excellent. Keto indirectly ends up addressing this,
         | and the rigidity of it makes it particularly effective.
         | 
         | I find that keto excludes a huge portion of the population that
         | is not willing to give up complex carbs in some capacity. As
         | long as they drop outright sugars and grains, a person should
         | still be able to get the advantage of keto while being on a
         | more follow-able keto-lite.
        
         | jazzyjackson wrote:
         | there's a table somewhere of all the different fad diets and
         | what food they tell you to avoid
         | 
         | a third column of "how it works" is the same for all rows:
         | "calorie restriction"
         | 
         | I've been doing a half-hearted keto and losing weight because
         | I'm just eating a lot less by skipping pizza and breakfast
         | bagels and honestly just don't have many meals in my cooking
         | repetoire, so it's either protein shake or meat on top of
         | salad.
        
           | Stevvo wrote:
           | Much of the benefits of any diet are actually not specific to
           | the diet itself. Just being on a diet, any diet, is better
           | than not for health.
        
           | stjohnswarts wrote:
           | "calorie restriction" is far from the only thing in a diet.
           | You won't get anywhere without a mindset. Keto absolutely
           | helps with your appetite. That's every bit as important as CR
           | over the long haul, despite what naysayers say. They like to
           | limit the conversation, so they can preach CICO as if nothing
           | else matters.
        
           | scarecrowbob wrote:
           | I've been doing keto and am fairly athletic. I also am doing
           | it because I find it hleps my moods and affect, and I have a
           | stable weight when I am on this diet.
           | 
           | I don't think that you have to be calorie-restricted to
           | benefit from a ketogeneic diet.
           | 
           | The climber Dave MacLeod has a 4-hour long video that seems
           | (to my untrained eye) to have a number of good sources. He
           | also has a masters degree in nutrition and is a professional
           | athlete.
           | 
           | He describes how underfeeding was indeed a problem with his
           | early experiments with this approach to diet, but how it's
           | been quite effective after being careful to eat enough.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9dtfNZahKw&t=46s
        
             | jazzyjackson wrote:
             | Fair enough, thanks for the link
        
         | vladvasiliu wrote:
         | > It's really interesting to see the diet industry attack this.
         | Calling it a "fad diet" as if eating low carbs is somehow a
         | fad. Other things I've seen are essentially "keto diets are for
         | treating epilepsy, not for losing weight!" Etc.
         | 
         | > Keto diets don't require you to buy any products or books or
         | take any courses or anything. Just literally read the nutrition
         | facts and eat 20-50 carbs a day.
         | 
         | But that's the issue, isn't it?
         | 
         | Sometimes I feel like changing my usual snack of apples with
         | some kind of biscuit / cookie. It's next to impossible to find
         | anything below 500 kCals / 100 g at my local grocery store. And
         | when I look at the ingredients, there's always a ton of sugar
         | in there.
         | 
         | The only lower-ish processed food I can easily find is sorbet.
         | But that's impractical to deal with at work (we don't have a
         | freezer).
         | 
         | So most of the time, I end up buying nothing if I don't feel
         | like an apple. Why would "big ag" cheer me in going this route?
         | 
         | I should note I'm not even into Keto or anything, just paying
         | attention to how many calories I eat.
        
           | ajhurliman wrote:
           | There are plenty of snacks that are keto-friendly: beef jerky
           | (no sugar added), boiled eggs, celery + peanut butter, smoked
           | oysters... the list goes on. Yes, cookies are not included in
           | that list, if that's a deal-breaker for you then it seems
           | like this diet wouldn't work for you I guess.
        
             | nerdawson wrote:
             | I've done keto a handful of times and found some really
             | great snacks. Low carb cheesecakes, macaroons, peanut
             | butter cookies, brownies with walnuts. They certainly don't
             | taste as good as the regular version but they'll fill a
             | craving.
             | 
             | Typically you're swapping flour for almond flour and sugar
             | for erythritol.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | tbihl wrote:
             | Cookies are one of those rare foods that most diets can
             | agree you shouldn't eat, so that doesn't really have
             | anything to do with keto. The only space for debate about
             | cookies is whether you should have little or none (other
             | than for high-power people who need to cover an energy
             | deficit, which sounds like it would be a nice problem.)
        
             | vladvasiliu wrote:
             | I used cookies to mean "generic sweets", as opposed to
             | fruit. I don't particularly like "actual cookies".
             | 
             | I'm in France, so the only time I've seen beef jerky in my
             | life was when some dude I used to know brought some from
             | the US. Furthermore, I'm really not sure if we have
             | anything similar over here.
             | 
             | Note, I said I wasn't doing keto (never have) so I don't
             | specifically look for no-carb options. I just realize that
             | those foods are more like "cravings", so they won't make me
             | eat less during the regular meals. If I want to reduce my
             | calorie intake, I need to cut somewhere. So I usually look
             | into cutting the calories of the snacks. While I love
             | almonds and other dried fruits (and their butter), they
             | typically have a lot of calories. IIRC, pistachios have
             | something like 600 kCals and I can easily eat way too many.
        
               | lolc wrote:
               | Beef jerky is just a form of cured meat. You can also eat
               | salami :-)
        
           | flyinglizard wrote:
           | Try Quest Nutrition Chocolate Chip cookies. They are awesome
           | (like most of the things Quest makes), and less than 1g of
           | carb per unit.
        
             | vladvasiliu wrote:
             | I'll try to find some, but I've never seen that brand
             | around here (France).
             | 
             | I usually tend to buy protein bars from a sporting goods
             | store, which have the benefit of making me feel full after
             | one or two, and make me eat noticeably less at the
             | following meal. But said store is quite out of my way, so I
             | don't always have those on hand, and they do have a bit too
             | much sugar for my taste.
        
               | flyinglizard wrote:
               | iHerb ships those internationally.
        
           | bujak300 wrote:
           | You can try baking your own cookies, biscuits and dry stuff
           | like that. It's one of the really easy things to bake,
           | they're durable, you can make them exactly to your
           | preferences, add fiber etc. And if you want to geek out
           | tuning the recipes and stuff, there is a lot of potential for
           | that.
        
             | vladvasiliu wrote:
             | I usually do either that, or eat fruit. But sometimes I
             | haven't had the time to bake, the fruit at the local store
             | doesn't look all that great, etc.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | fshbbdssbbgdd wrote:
         | Something I found kind of oddball about the keto diet community
         | is that they aren't just recommending low carbs. They push
         | people to eat more fat. I've seen a friend fail to lose weight
         | on keto and he was eating tons of stuff like cheese and bacon.
         | 
         | The "eat less carbs" message is great IMO but I think a lot of
         | people need to eat less period. Personally I found that
         | intentionally eating high-protein foods was a good way for me
         | to be satiated with less carbs. A protein bar will fill me up,
         | a chunk of cheese with twice as many calories won't.
         | 
         | But I also acknowledge that people are different. I'm sure
         | there people who are easily satiated by fat and can therefore
         | eat unmetered fatty foods and lose weight.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | If you cut carbs and just eat more protein instead you can
           | literally die [0]. AIUI you're _supposed_ to be replacing the
           | carbs with fat when doing keto.
           | 
           | I've known a few heavy people over the years who claimed to
           | be eating keto and never seemed to be losing any weight.
           | Whenever we hung out they would use their purported keto diet
           | as a green-light to get extra meat and cheese in whatever we
           | were doing, and inevitably they would also eat carbs. French
           | fries, beers, late night donuts, ice cream, the usual slip-
           | ups.
           | 
           | If a person lacks self-discipline, a keto diet turns into an
           | _extremely_ fattening diet. It does not degrade gracefully at
           | all. You have to either stick to it and stay in ketosis, or
           | reel in your fat consumption something fierce because it 'll
           | all get stored as fat when you're running on glucose.
           | 
           | It's kind of a major flaw with ketogenic diets IMHO. The diet
           | inherently gets a person into a habit of consuming rich,
           | fatty foods. But when they slip up, which let's be honest,
           | most people will. It becomes something along the lines of the
           | most fattening diet possible.
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit_Starvation
        
           | ra88it wrote:
           | Keto community generally recommends replacing carbs with fat
           | and keeping protein constant. Protein consumption is almost a
           | constant (with some variability due to workout regimen, etc).
           | 
           | I think of it like a see-saw, with protein level being the
           | axis of rotation (ie., it stays the same). Now you have 2
           | remaining macro variables: carbs and fat. If you decrease
           | one, you need to increase the other or else caloric intake
           | might be too low.
           | 
           | Keto community generally refers to the diet as Low Carb High
           | Fat because not eating enough fat can cause problems on the
           | diet.
           | 
           | Edit: To be clear, assuming sufficient consumption of
           | protein, if calories are still deficient, keto community
           | recommends making up the deficit with fat rather than
           | protein.
        
       | rpmisms wrote:
       | I read this as: "Humans and rodents have different metabolisms".
       | 
       | It's still very good data and very interesting, but it raises
       | more questions then it answers, and effectively points out that
       | we have no clue how these metabolic pathways actually operate
       | outside of specific circumstances.
       | 
       | Edit: I'm in no way condemning this paper, on the contrary, I
       | think it's great. This is good science.
        
       | codeulike wrote:
       | In Mice
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/justsaysinmice
        
       | lbarrera94 wrote:
       | What I got was "Humans and Mice have different results on Keto".
       | So is keto good or bad for humans?
        
         | AmericanChopper wrote:
         | Probably the biggest keto advocate/promoter is a guy called
         | Jimmy Moore. Google some photos of him prior to considering
         | whether you want to take his weight loss advice.
        
       | dhruvarora013 wrote:
       | I've been keto on and off for the last year and I've found it
       | incredibly effective for weight loss. I understand the principles
       | for effective weight loss, and while a lot of dieticians hate on
       | keto, there is one thing that it taught me that no other diet did
       | - read the label on packaged products in the store.
       | 
       | Simply because of how strict keto is I began to read the
       | breakdown for every single thing I purchase in the store. This
       | may seem obvious to all but I never did it to the degree I do
       | now. There is sugar in everything and the serving sizes are often
       | completely ridiculous - I saw a protein bar where the serving
       | size was half the bar! Other diets teach you food groups to eat
       | and encourage but don't seem to have this side effect of teaching
       | you just how messed up some packaged foods are.
        
         | anothernewdude wrote:
         | I had a similar thing, but without going full Keto. I still
         | have pasta, potatoes and wholemeal bread for instance, but I
         | fast 16 hours so I still have some ketosis going.
         | 
         | I was trying to avoid sugar (i.e. Sucrose + Fructose, except
         | for actual fruit), and replace oils and butter with olive oil.
         | And for breakfast/lunch (because I still want to eat a normal
         | dinner with my family) I eat the best possible versions of
         | those. Porridge, Greek yoghurt, fruit and nuts.
        
         | mbeex wrote:
         | Those are the things that I learned as well. And some other
         | related aspects like change in taste: sensitivity to unwanted
         | sugar, eating (and enjoying!) chocolate with more than 90%
         | cocoa, unsweetened whipped cream, etc. Control of cravings, and
         | the claimed increase in concentration (but costs creativity as
         | a downside) also occurred and were good experiences.
         | 
         | I still think most people should not follow the diet without
         | breaks, deficiencies simply exist in this one as well. I like
         | my apple and also could not stand the sight of broccoli and
         | cauliflower for a long time after finishing it.
         | 
         | I'm living now according to some kind of relaxed low carb
         | method, combined with occasional interval fasting (also
         | allowing ketosis).
        
           | missingrib wrote:
           | >but costs creativity as a downside
           | 
           | Can you expand on this part? Never heard of this before.
        
         | colpabar wrote:
         | This is exactly what happened to me as well. I did keto for ~8
         | months, lost a bunch of weight, and learned that 99% of what's
         | in an american grocery store has a _ton_ of added sugar. Even
         | milk!
        
           | tekno45 wrote:
           | what milk are you drinking with ADDED sugar?
           | 
           | https://www.usdairy.com/news-articles/does-milk-have-
           | sugar#:....
        
             | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
             | Maybe it was chocolate milk.
        
               | dd36 wrote:
               | Even butter!
        
             | timbit42 wrote:
             | A few years ago I was in New England and sampled a handful
             | of white, whole milks. Half of them had added sugar.
        
             | nightski wrote:
             | Well that article is just flat out wrong. There are
             | significant differences in carbohydrate count in 8 ounce
             | glasses of skim, 2%, whole milk and half & half. At least
             | in the US. I know because I pay close attention to labels.
             | 
             | I use cronometer to track nutrients (macro & micro). It
             | uses data source directly from NCCDB from the University of
             | Minnesota.
        
               | tgb wrote:
               | They have somewhat different amounts of sugars by volume
               | since the fat is removed, but they don't have added
               | sugar. The caloric fraction from sugar will be much
               | higher though, maybe that's what you're reading?
        
               | stjohnswarts wrote:
               | They don't add milk in but processing it can add/take
               | away the amount of sugar. Homogenized whole milk of
               | course is what they start with. The processing is quite
               | interesting if you take the time to read up on it.
               | However nowhere do they add more sugar in.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | skrtskrt wrote:
           | I cook almost everything I eat from whole ingredients from
           | the grocery store, so other than bread (I don't use much
           | dairy at all) I don't have to worry about hidden sugar or
           | fats much.
           | 
           | My problem is simply controlling the portion sizes of my
           | delicious food - it's SO easy to eat large portions, and it
           | takes weeks of ignoring your stomach's rumbling to get
           | yourself used to reduced portions.
        
         | joshgroban wrote:
        
           | foxbarrington wrote:
           | Feel free to correct me with a source, but I don't think
           | there is scientific consensus that keto is the ideal human
           | diet. Why would anyone care that a famous (infamous?)
           | psychologist (as opposed to a medical doctor, nutritionist,
           | etc...) has asserted its benefits? His view might be more
           | relevant than a world-renowned fish tank cleaner, but I don't
           | think he is the authoritative source people need.
           | 
           | For the record, I'm a fan and have noticed benefits in my own
           | life.
        
           | FalconSensei wrote:
           | > Insulin is the deadliest hormone known to man.
           | 
           | So diabetics will die without it because?
        
           | 908B64B197 wrote:
           | > Dr. Jordan Peterson
           | 
           | Since when did he get into med school?
        
             | the_jeremy wrote:
             | He has a PhD. Nothing in the parent comment claimed he was
             | an MD (though they are basically just citing a random
             | celebrity as proof).
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | Well it sounds a lot like he's giving medical advices...
               | People have been sued (and lost) for doing that.
        
             | timbit42 wrote:
             | He's the new messiah so, being God, he knows all.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | Ahh... diet advice from a psychologist is like cryptography
           | advice from a game developer: it might be right, but you
           | shouldn't bet your future on it without at least getting a
           | second opinion.
           | 
           | Also, "deadliest hormone" is giving me DHMO vibes. Insulin
           | does many things (way more than I realised before writing
           | this comment), you don't want to eliminate it from your body
           | regardless of you diet: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin
        
         | rajman187 wrote:
         | In most cases, ketogenic diets don't result in actually
         | reaching and sustaining kerosine. It would be best to measure
         | levels, though even that isn't extremely precise.
         | 
         | Diets in general also tend toward caloric deficit, resulting in
         | weight loss.
         | 
         | Ketogenic diets are used to treat epileptic seizures but
         | haven't otherwise been studied in large enough populations to
         | understand the ramifications of long-term glucose deficits in
         | the human body. YMMV just be safe.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | But that's every diet, they're all CICO at the end of the
           | day, but different people need different tricks to get there.
           | Being around people doing different diets the difference
           | seems to be how your body in particular signals hunger.
           | 
           | * For my friends that find Keto effective it seem their
           | bodies seem to find fat/protein super satiating.
           | 
           | * For my friends that find volume eating effective it seems
           | like their hunger is more triggered on "stuff in stomach"
           | where I can't stand that feeling.
           | 
           | * For my friends that like IF their hunger seems to be time
           | based. The common element for my IF friends is that they
           | started their journey very overweight and so it's been years
           | since they were actually hungry.
           | 
           | * For me and my other ED friends we all seem to deal with
           | hunger by getting over the initial pang and then just not
           | eating until our bodies give up trying and then just coast on
           | that. Obviously don't do this.
        
             | passivate wrote:
             | You're 100% correct. Its mostly about finding a system that
             | works for you. As a format fat person I have internalized
             | the fact that my body's hunger signal is broken and that
             | 'eat when you are hungry' leads to weight gain for me.
             | Focusing on the CO part of CICO, especially non exercise
             | expenditure of energy has helped me keep my weight in
             | check.
        
           | XFrequentist wrote:
           | > haven't otherwise been studied in large enough populations
           | to understand the ramifications of long-term glucose deficits
           | in the human body
           | 
           | How's the "long-term glucose surplus" control group doing?
           | 
           | (Kind of kidding, but it's not obvious why the "less
           | exogenous glucose" condition would be a priori the risky
           | one!)
        
         | dawnerd wrote:
         | Did keto for half a year last year and lost almost 50lbs. I'm
         | now doing it semi-regularly (hard to stay on when traveling so
         | I just don't). It's been life changing. People that hate on it
         | are the same ones that just say to exercise. Like ya tried that
         | didn't work for me.
        
       | blakesterz wrote:
       | I was just curious why all studies done on mice don't have "In
       | Mice" at the end of the title? Maybe this is the answer...
       | 
       | "Mice-based studies that omit "mice" from title get 31% more
       | media coverage"
       | 
       | https://www.psychnewsdaily.com/mice-based-alzheimers-studies...
        
         | AaronFriel wrote:
         | Was this determined by studying media in mice?
        
         | apalmer wrote:
         | Well the thing is studies are not really for media or lay
         | people, or even researchers/scientists out of a given field.
        
         | imtringued wrote:
         | Everytime I see dietary studies conducted with Mice I wonder
         | how people end up so lazy they can't convince other humans to
         | eat their diet.
        
         | nxpnsv wrote:
         | I think it is perfectly fair to put that in the abstract.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Seeing_Things wrote:
        
       | thomascgalvin wrote:
       | This "pseudo-diabetes" appears to be fairly straightforward:
       | 
       | 1. Someone stops consuming carbohydrates
       | 
       | 2. This causes them to produce significantly less insulin
       | 
       | 3. In order to preserve ~~insulin~~ glucose for the brain, other
       | insulin receptors are downregulated
       | 
       | 4. Because of this downregulation, the subject is less tolerant
       | of carbohydrates
       | 
       | This is "pseudo-diabetes" and not "diabetes" because a person on
       | a ketogenic diet _isn 't_ producing insulin, whereas a diabetic
       | _can 't_ produce (enough) insulin, or is so desensitized to it
       | that glucose stays in the blood steam.
        
         | sph wrote:
         | I've experienced this: after a month of zero carb, I had a
         | couple bananas and an apple and went into a crazy sugar rush
         | that lasted hours. Then I crashed and felt like shit for two
         | days. But my metabolic system is out of whack from years of
         | abuse, so in general I find the lower the amount of carb I
         | consume, the better I feel.
        
         | tediousdemise wrote:
         | Nailed it. This is also the same mechanism of action for almost
         | any addiction.
         | 
         | 1) Consume external drug
         | 
         | 2) Receptors downregulate (thanks to homeostasis)
         | 
         | 3) Need more of said drug or withdrawals kick in (analogous to
         | needing to take external insulin so body can get rid of excess
         | glucose)
         | 
         | 4) Rinse & repeat
         | 
         | From a United States perspective: What we have is a duopoly of
         | Big Pharma and Big Ag that gets people hooked on sugar and then
         | uses medicine-as-a-service to hook them on insulin forever.
         | There is no money in preventative medicine.
         | 
         | There are other countries in the world that have already taken
         | steps to get junk foods and sugary drinks out of the hands of
         | children [0]. What excuses does the United States have?
         | 
         | [0] https://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/aug/06/mexico-
         | oaxaca-s...
        
           | chiefalchemist wrote:
           | To be fair, the government is complicit in this food pyramid
           | scheme.
           | 
           | People are told time and again that it's healthcare system.
           | Yeah, it's not health / customer focused. But all the more
           | reason to do a decent job at avoiding that system. Instead,
           | the status quo diet + lifestyle persists. (Political) leaders
           | can't risk the push back trying to change the narrative.
        
         | Seeing_Things wrote:
        
         | rhinoceraptor wrote:
         | I would expect any organism that uses glucose derived from
         | gluconeogenesis for glycogen instead of the select tissues that
         | absolutely require glucose, would be selected out quite
         | quickly.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | wyager wrote:
         | The brain runs fine off ketones. Better than on glucose, in
         | many cases. This is why so many of the therapeutic targets of
         | ketogenesis are neurological.
         | 
         | Only red blood cells and a couple other actually need glucose.
        
           | JamesBarney wrote:
           | I'm not so certain a ketogenic diet is healthy. The Inuit who
           | have been eating an almost entirely ketogenic diet for
           | centuries can't effectively produce ketones. The ability to
           | produce ketones was selected our of their population.
           | 
           | I think nature might know something we don't know.
        
             | thebigspacefuck wrote:
             | What do they produce instead?
        
             | whb07 wrote:
             | I do not know what you're referring to, perhaps some
             | supporting data would help.
             | 
             | The current method of testing for ketones is ketones freely
             | available in blood stream. The ketones are released by the
             | liver when it's too full of them and thus they spill over
             | to the blood stream. The consequence therefore is that once
             | you're fully keto adapted, your ketones won't spike too
             | high as your body can efficiently generate the required
             | amount.
             | 
             | Most people who do a long fast, they'll have 1+mmol (higher
             | at 3+) ketones, whereas someone who's adapted maintains sub
             | 1mmol.
             | 
             | Also, if all you're eating is protein and large fats, youre
             | producing ketones otherwise you'd die as there's no
             | carbs/glucose. So yeah, Inuit and carnivore diet people
             | couldn't exist.
             | 
             | live experiments and observations are a thing, and they are
             | happening everywhere if you do a quick search
        
         | jaggs wrote:
         | I think in 3. you mean preserve 'glucose' for the brain?
        
           | thomascgalvin wrote:
           | Yes, that's correct, sorry.
        
       | tediousdemise wrote:
       | Taking this opportunity to raise awareness about metabolic
       | syndrome [0], a condition that is exacerbated by excessive
       | consumption of carbohydrates. Per the CDC, it is estimated that
       | over 30% of the US population has metabolic syndrome [1].
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2017/16_0287.htm#:~:text=By%2...
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-06-15 23:01 UTC)