[HN Gopher] Cheat sheet for if I'm gone
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Cheat sheet for if I'm gone
        
       Author : protonbob
       Score  : 431 points
       Date   : 2022-06-15 02:43 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (thoughtscollected.tech)
 (TXT) w3m dump (thoughtscollected.tech)
        
       | titoelquecome wrote:
       | or you can use this startup: https://thepostage.com
        
       | sircastor wrote:
       | I have a document covering all the basics of our tech stuff in
       | the house in case I've died or are otherwise incapacitated.
       | Everything from what our router is and how to use it to where our
       | bitcoin is.
       | 
       | I put it together after my wife wrote a brief "if I'm dead here
       | is what's important to me" and I was reminded of a friend who
       | passed several years ago and left his family in an awkward tech
       | state because of his nerdy idiosyncrasies.
        
       | throwaway892238 wrote:
       | If you're not married or a domestic partner you might want to
       | talk to a lawyer. You don't know what your partner or friend
       | might not be allowed access to depending on your local laws or
       | the business's requirements. But power of attorney will remain
       | with.... your attorney.
        
       | sema4hacker wrote:
       | A friend of a relative had their house burglarized over a
       | weekend. The burglars took their time and took apart everything,
       | cutting all pictures out of their frames, etc. If a written
       | password existed, they would have found it.
       | 
       | The "give it to an attorney" plan would also worry me, unless I
       | knew exactly who/what/when/where/why/how access was controlled
       | and GUARANTEED (after all, an attorney's system could break down
       | as easily as any other).
        
         | wnkrshm wrote:
         | My parents had a break-in as well but they collect all kinds of
         | paper notes and irrelevant stuff, magazines etc. Their
         | documents are organized according to some eldritch principle -
         | it's all there but you'll need some time to find it. The
         | burglars gave up and only took a camera.
        
         | javbit wrote:
         | You could probably use Shamir Secret Sharing so you'd need to
         | have k out of n parts to recover the information. Downside is
         | that this complicates what is supposed to be simple.
         | 
         | edit: I see other commenters shared this idea too.
        
           | t_mann wrote:
           | It'd increase security vis-a-vis burglars, but for it to work
           | for this use case you'd need relatives who can recover Samir
           | secrets.
        
             | adrianN wrote:
             | If they don't care enough to find someone who can recover
             | them then whatever is protected by the secrets is probably
             | not that important to them.
        
               | t_mann wrote:
               | Also true. Slightly weird instruction though :D "Here are
               | 5 keys for 5 people, if something happens to me you'll
               | need any 3 of those keys, then the neighbor kid will be
               | able to help you get the password".
        
           | jeffparsons wrote:
           | We "just" need a way for secret sharing to become mainstream
           | enough that it no longer matters that it's complicated or
           | unusual.
        
         | protonbob wrote:
         | Ideally this should be stored at a safety deposit box in that
         | case. There are certainly risks with having this information
         | all in one place like you said.
        
           | tallanvor wrote:
           | Unfortunately safe deposit boxes aren't available everywhere
           | - newly built banks often don't have them, and some banks
           | that have them no longer accept new customers. --They're
           | expensive to build and maintain, and they're seen as being in
           | a somewhat grey area with regards to KYC laws.
           | 
           | Having a safe at home is an option, but it needs to be
           | mounted properly to prevent a burglar from being able to
           | simply carry it out and try and access later.
           | 
           | At the end of the day, your best bet is to keep instructions
           | on accessing your data (minus the actual code that is needed)
           | somewhere it can easily be found by your family, and make
           | sure that one or more family members have copies of the code
           | but don't know the full details of where to use it without
           | those instructions.
        
         | korfuri wrote:
         | Just give the attorney a sealed printed list of 10,000 numbered
         | passwords. Someone with the passwords won't know what they are
         | for. Even if they can guess that one of them is for your email
         | account and they know your email account, they'll have to try
         | thousands of passwords before they find the right one.
         | 
         | In your house, and maybe with trusted friends, keep the
         | instructions sheet with logins and a reference to the relevant
         | password number. "To access my email account, username is
         | foo@gmail.com and use password #5122 from the password list".
        
           | ericpauley wrote:
           | You could also use a simple one-time-pad here to split the
           | password. Generate two alphabetic passwords, one for your
           | attorney and one for a trusted friend. Actual password is
           | these mixed with alphabetic rotation character-by-character
           | (anyone ought to be able to figure out how to do this given a
           | short guide).
           | 
           | Simple, and provably useless to an adversary unless they have
           | both passwords (aside from knowing password length/format
           | with one).
        
         | jszymborski wrote:
         | What would the purpose of cutting pictures out of frames be?
        
           | gaws wrote:
           | Some of those pictures could be the only copies. Losing them
           | could be devastating, depending on the person.
        
             | jszymborski wrote:
             | Of course, I understand their value to the homeowner, but I
             | fail to see what value they might have to a burglar.
        
               | gaws wrote:
               | A random act of cold and calculated malice, or the
               | burglars know the homeowner and wanted to destroy as much
               | property as possible.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > The burglars took their time and took apart everything,
         | cutting all pictures out of their frames, etc. If a written
         | password existed, they would have found it.
         | 
         | That seems astonishingly thorough, as if it must have been
         | targeted? The burglaries I've heard of locally just grab the
         | most reachable items, especially car keys.
         | 
         | > GUARANTEED
         | 
         | The thing with giving it to an attorney is you would have an
         | contract, and I would expect them to explain very clearly what
         | liability they would have in the event of this kind of mistake.
         | I would also expect them to be good at keeping paper secrets in
         | boxes, that's a very traditional practice.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | zs234465234165 wrote:
       | Am I the only one that opened this hoping it was a dang post?
        
       | jimmcslim wrote:
       | The big problem with this that I don't have a good answer to...
       | we've been told to use a password manager and have it secured
       | with a long passphrase... and now we write down the
       | username/passphrase on a piece of paper or somewhere else easily
       | accessible - how to adequately secure that?
       | 
       | Maybe encrypt the passphrase under an m of n scheme and
       | distribute to family & friends that you can trust to not
       | collaborate unless you are truly incapacitated?
        
         | missosoup wrote:
         | The answer is shamir's secret sharing algorithm.
         | 
         | Give a chunk of your password to N friends who you trust, with
         | instructions to recombine it.
        
           | sowbug wrote:
           | This repo contains a tool for generating physical Shamir
           | shares relatively easily and with reasonable opsec:
           | https://github.com/sowbug/b39tools
           | 
           | It is geared for a BIP-39 seed phrase, but those also make
           | excellent master passphrases for almost any other
           | application.
        
           | calabin wrote:
           | I've been (lightly) thinking about this with regard to
           | digital identity.
           | 
           | One of the few use cases that I find very compelling with
           | regard to blockchain/web3 tech is as a means of ID/auth much
           | in the same way that many sites now offer options to log in
           | with FB/Google/etc.
           | 
           | One big obstacle (I imagine, I haven't really looked into
           | this that far) is that of the password reset. Some non-
           | trivial amount of people will forget the passwords to their
           | identity tool, and in this scenario there's no central power
           | with the capability to reset it for them.
           | 
           | The simplest option is to designate trusted friends who you
           | could delegate authority to in order to perform some multi-
           | sig reset, but then there's the issue of a FriendCoup. If you
           | strike it big and turn on or ignore your friends, there's
           | nothing stopping them from getting together and performing a
           | takeover. Even if there are individual objectors, because
           | it's blockchain, everything's public, and these are identity
           | wallet contraptions, everyone knows who the hold out is and
           | can lean on them or find some way to get their password, etc.
           | 
           | Even outside of a FriendCoup scenario, a FedCoup scenario
           | where the government just leans on your buddies to grant them
           | control is pretty plausible.
           | 
           | So I guess the question is, what sort of strategy for this is
           | FriendCoup/FedCoup resistant but still grants the necessary
           | amount of delegated power?
           | 
           | Not entirely relevant to the above, as doing this pen and
           | paper for a password manager is a little harder for outsiders
           | to game given that the holders aren't public, but still a
           | question I've been batting around. Curious about anyone's
           | thoughts/ideas or any existing work in this space.
           | 
           | Edit: After thinking about this for an extra minute, if it's
           | not time sensitive a deadman switch could probably do it. If
           | your friends perform the multi-sig and you haven't logged in
           | in X days, then and only then will the reset occur, so you
           | can void an attempt. That said, falls down on the FedCoup
           | scenario since you'd presumably have restricted access to the
           | internet.
        
             | unboxingelf wrote:
             | I think blockchain keys could work for identity, but you
             | need another layer for authentication. Perhaps a smart
             | contract could be used to generate and authenticate one
             | time access codes?
        
             | e63f67dd-065b wrote:
             | I think that blockchain is not the solution here. The
             | fundamental problem is trust: do you or do you not trust n
             | other parties with the information required to take over
             | your digital life, no amount of fancy crypto engineering
             | will get around that.
             | 
             | No amount if crypto will stand up to a Russian mobster with
             | a crowbar and some creativity, like the xkcd
             | https://xkcd.com/538/.
             | 
             | What you need is to develop a threat model and then select
             | an appropriate solution that matches your threat model. If
             | the threat is the KGB might torture me and my buddies, then
             | kill switches are appropriate. Otherwise it's no solution.
             | 
             | Perfect security doesn't exist, it's all about tradeoffs.
        
           | cornel_io wrote:
           | That has failure modes, though, especially death on one of
           | the N (might seem unlikely but I just had to help a friend
           | unfuck a family member's finances after he died in a car
           | accident next to the one trusted associate who had all his
           | logins saved in an account locked behind 2FA secured by his
           | iPhone which he didn't leave the unlock code to with anyone).
           | I know there are other schemes where you only need M of N to
           | turn the key, but really...
           | 
           | Leave. Your. Passwords. With. An. Attorney. And also your
           | phone unlock code. A reputable attorney (preferably attached
           | to a big firm) won't lose your stuff, and if they die or go
           | out of practice they will have procedures in place to make
           | sure you are set. This is not a situation where you want some
           | clever DIY scheme that might fail and leave your loved ones
           | scrambling to sort your finances when they are already
           | devastated and mourning.
        
             | avereveard wrote:
             | Two attorneys. One attorney has failure modes too.
        
               | dividedbyzero wrote:
               | Better use three attorneys on at least two continents,
               | one of them in the other hemisphere. Otherwise a single
               | medium-size asteroid could easily wipe out all your
               | backups and what then.
        
             | highwaylights wrote:
             | "Oh my, Smith Partners LLC, what big teeth you have"
        
             | selcuka wrote:
             | > I know there are other schemes where you only need M of N
             | to turn the key
             | 
             | That's what OP suggests (Shamir's Secret Sharing).
        
         | ozzydave wrote:
         | LastPass has a reasonable solution to this - your trusted
         | person can request access, and you have a configurable amount
         | of time to decline.
        
         | stevenjgarner wrote:
         | Actually LastPass has a solution to this they call Emergency
         | Access. You set up loved ones, heirs, colleagues etc with their
         | own LastPass account, and at any time they can challenge your
         | account. After a given (variable) waiting period, if you do not
         | cancel their challenge, the credentials in your account revert
         | to their account. The credentials are inherited. In the case of
         | your own cheat sheet (I have something similar), you can save
         | the actual cheat sheet as an attachment to a Note saved in
         | LastPass. Every now and then we test it, and it works great.
        
         | yardstick wrote:
         | Leave it in escrow with a lawyer, along with a copy of your
         | will.
         | 
         | If you are super cautious, leave an encrypted copy (or half the
         | passwords etc) with one lawyer/escrow, and have a separate
         | lawyer/escrow hold the decryption key/other half of the
         | passwords etc. Along with easy instructions on how to decrypt!
         | 
         | End of the day, if I die at an old age, my heirs will also be
         | old and possibly not into computers/tech. I prefer a simple
         | approach that requires minimum skill/effort on their part aside
         | from presenting the relevant death certificate/paperwork to the
         | lawyer.
        
           | Hellbanevil wrote:
           | Get a Revocable trust too. A will needs to be witnessed by
           | two people. A trust just needs to be notarized, and make sure
           | to fund it.
        
         | 7402 wrote:
         | What about keeping the passphrase in a safe deposit box in a
         | bank? In the best case, you have a trusted person with whom you
         | can share access to the box. Otherwise your executor or a court
         | could gain access, but at least the info wouldn't disappear.
        
         | latchkey wrote:
         | https://www.deadmansswitch.net/
        
           | itake wrote:
           | How do you know this website will last longer than you?
        
             | latchkey wrote:
             | I read the help page.
             | 
             | https://www.deadmansswitch.net/help/
             | 
             | How can I be sure you'll outlive me?
             | 
             | We don't have to outlive you! If the service shuts down
             | while you're alive, we'll send you an email well in advance
             | so you can switch services. That said, the service has been
             | running successfully since 2007.
        
               | robjan wrote:
               | If the owner of the website dies, the site may shut down
               | due to not paying the bills.
        
               | teel wrote:
               | For such case, if I were to use this service I would hope
               | the owner's own dead man's switch has been set up
               | properly.
        
             | taylorportman wrote:
             | In the spirit of the OP, and finding an enduring
             | solution... something like the deadmans switch should be
             | implemented in a de facto utility like browser password
             | recovery but extended with a weighted audience tied to the
             | time elapsed. Why not have that same function that keeps up
             | with your authentications notify X audience in Y time - 30
             | minutes even or 30 years with an emphasis on how perpetual.
             | Reasonably I say we all got a good hundred years to plan
             | for.
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | In the very least, if you use google, setup the inactive
               | account manager...
               | 
               | https://myaccount.google.com/inactive
        
             | t_mann wrote:
             | Sounds like an actual use case for web3. There are some
             | blockchains like NEAR built for hosting web apps.
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | Contact me please @gmail
        
       | RalfWausE wrote:
       | To add another layer: It could also youself who might need such
       | an 'cheat sheet': My dad suffers from an previously undiagnosed
       | heart problem which escalated pretty badly last year, with a
       | multi month long stay in hospital, coma etc.. He is now back and
       | well, but time in a coma can do bad fuckery to your brain, in
       | part to ones memory... He simply lost some significant parts and
       | now he is pretty good occupied untangling the 'insane security
       | fuckup' (his words) he had constructed around his passwords, bank
       | accounts and investment schemes...
       | 
       | So... keep it simple and be NOT the 'Family patriarch silver
       | back' who is the only one who has full knowledge ;-)
        
         | protonbob wrote:
         | Wow I had not thought about losing my own memory. This is my
         | first step in untangling that mess that I have made whole also
         | reducing dependencies on myself.
        
         | lentil_soup wrote:
         | A similar situation can arise under duress. On the contrary to
         | what people claim online, in dangerous places you want to
         | cooperate with criminals, not get in between them and your
         | stuff.
         | 
         | Under that type of stress it's very easy to forget passwords
         | which might make criminals believe you're not cooperating.
         | Having some things writen down (probably not all?) has come in
         | handy for me personally.
        
           | RalfWausE wrote:
           | It sounds like an interesting (the horrifying kind of
           | interesting) story looms behind this post...
           | 
           | But besides this, yeah, this may also be a valid case for
           | some simple recovery strategy.
        
             | lentil_soup wrote:
             | yeah, long story short, I was unfortunately kidnapped in
             | Caracas 13 years ago. Thankfully everything turned out
             | "fine", a ransom was paid and I was released.
             | 
             | But, in the middle of the ordeal and panic I had to give
             | them access to my car which had a security code to be able
             | to turn the engine on. My family had prepared for this (the
             | reality of the city at the time) so we had the code writen
             | down somewhere in the car. I just gave them the piece of
             | paper to avoid errors or hesitation as I was quite nervous,
             | I didn't want ANY mistakes :/
        
       | tbran wrote:
       | Check out Get Your Shit Together [0]. It was started by a woman
       | who lost her husband in an accident, suddenly becoming a widow
       | and single mom to two young children.
       | 
       | She has abridged [1] and long checklists [2] that everyone should
       | complete. Most of us probably don't even think about these
       | things:
       | 
       | - will
       | 
       | - power of attorney (in varying forms)
       | 
       | - what happens to pets
       | 
       | - what happens to kids
       | 
       | - money
       | 
       | - burial/funeral wishes
       | 
       | - insurance
       | 
       | - living will
       | 
       | - etc.
       | 
       | [0]: https://getyourshittogether.org/
       | 
       | [1]: https://getyourshittogether.org/wp-
       | content/uploads/2021/04/G...
       | 
       | [2]: https://getyourshittogether.org/wp-
       | content/uploads/2021/04/G...
        
         | sumy23 wrote:
         | Any competent estate attorney will do this for you.
        
           | efsavage wrote:
           | Indeed. It's not cheap, but it's mostly a one-time cost* and
           | the big binder we have that covers all sorts of scenarios and
           | contingencies offers us considerable peace of mind. If you
           | have enough assets that anyone would bother fighting over
           | them**, it's worth doing.
           | 
           | * Not including divorces or if you change how you want to do
           | things.
           | 
           | ** If you haven't been involved in settling an estate, that
           | bar is probably far lower than you'd expect.
        
           | telesilla wrote:
           | Indeed, mine covered all this when I last updated my will.
        
           | yeetsfromhellL2 wrote:
           | Key word: ESTATE attorney. Preferably belonging to a large
           | and well respected firm. Don't get just any attorney willing
           | to do it, they won't be equipped for it and shit will go
           | wrong, and things going wrong in the legal world is
           | potentially catastrophic. For you, your family and anyone
           | within a 1000 feet of you.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | This is excellent. The issue with these (always), and the author
       | mentions it, is that they can go out of date.
       | 
       | There's no ultimate solution. The closest that I have, and it is
       | far from perfect, is that I have a family subscription to
       | 1Password, and a _very_ private shared vault, that my wife has
       | access to, containing the most important stuff. She has a PDF and
       | printed emergency access sheet for the 1Password account.
       | 
       | Here is something that a friend of mine posted on Facebook (She's
       | a professional writer), a couple of years ago. She had to deal
       | with a number of things:                   The first time a
       | doctor told me to "get my affairs in order," I didn't know
       | whether that meant to do the bills or clear my browser history.
       | (Both are a good idea.) I've had to do it a few times now, and
       | apparently this is unusual. In what follows, I'm going to lay out
       | my decidedly non-professional but overly experienced guide to
       | "getting your affairs in order."          This isn't just what
       | you do when you're gonna die. If you think you might be out of
       | commission for a while, you'll want to make sure (as best you
       | can) that when you recover, you can resume your life as you know
       | it.         What follows are some basics. Some of this won't
       | apply to you, and I'm sure I missed some things. If you have
       | sizable assets or a complicated life, consult an attorney. (My
       | attorney friends strongly suggest that you talk to them about any
       | of this. I am SO not a professional. This is just my experience.)
       | This is going to seem overwhelming, but you can actually get it
       | handled in an afternoon - while you're healthy and clear.
       | So here we go:          Make sure someone has keys to your house.
       | Pull some cash, in case you need to send people to the grocery
       | for you etc.         File for a tax extension and an absentee
       | ballot NOW. You probably won't need it. Just in case.         Is
       | your ID/passport/car registration due to expire soon? Maybe get
       | that handled.          Create a "RED FILE" that's easily findable
       | but not out in the open. I use an actual red file folder.
       | In it, place the following: I'll explain below.
       | Contingency plans for pets/kids (and any guardianship docs you
       | need for that)         Copy of your insurance card and ID
       | Relevant medical history         Meds list (include supplements,
       | gym stacks, and mood stabilizers)         allergies
       | Medical Power of Attorney         Advance Directive         POLST
       | Financial Power of Attorney         SEALED ENVELOPE with PIN
       | A DIFFERENT SEALED ENVELOPE  with passwords and a list of email
       | accounts, social media accounts, etc.         copies of credit
       | cards         list of bills that need to be paid and how
       | a will, if you have one         Bills - If you have bills like
       | car payment, mortgage, etc that will have consequences for late
       | payment, pay a little early if you can and/or set to autopay.
       | Autopay absolute minimums on everything you can - you need your
       | money to last, but you also don't want to return to a credit
       | apocalypse (I did. Credit apocalypse is treatable -- but
       | expensive.) Make a list of all your bills and how they're paid,
       | in case someone has to take over for a while.           I am
       | brutally aware that most of us don't have a financial cushion.
       | Thinking about how to triage in a catastrophe is a lot easier
       | when you're not in the middle of it. Make the best decisions you
       | can. But make the decisions, so these things are not surprises
       | when you're not in a place to think them through. Many places are
       | agreeing to suspend utility cutoffs for now. Student loans can go
       | on forbearance. You may be able to deal with lapsed credit cards
       | better than a vehicle repo. Think it through.          MPOA,
       | FPOA, POLST, Advance Directive, Will: These docs should be signed
       | and notarized. That's not a big deal; bring them to your bank
       | *unsigned,* and if they won't notarize them free or for low cost,
       | they'll refer you to someone who will. You'll sign them in front
       | of the notary; s/he has to witness that.         Medical Power of
       | Attorney is a form that designates who makes medical decisions
       | for you when you can't. It doesn't have to be a family member,
       | and it helps if everyone knows ahead of time who that is. But
       | they should know your wishes, and have the fortitude to carry
       | them out. If they will be a pushy advocate, even better. Don't
       | choose your nicest friend. Choose the one who won't be afraid to
       | kick ass, or pull the plug.         An Advance Directive is a
       | legal document in which you articulate what your wishes are if
       | you're really sick or injured and can't speak for yourself. You
       | can google a form or write something out (I do a combination).
       | A POLST is a medical form that gets super specific about the
       | above. The acronym stands for Physician's Orders for Life
       | Sustaining Treatment. Some doctors like it filled out onsite, but
       | a notarized one in the hands of your MPOA will help even if they
       | have to copy from there onto a fresh form (annoying, but lots of
       | things about health care are annoying). There's a single form
       | most states use; google your state to make sure you have the
       | right form. NOTE: Filling this out will make your stomach hurt.
       | You only have to do this once in your life, unless you change
       | your mind about something - and remember, you will probably never
       | need it.         Financial Power of Attorney (also called Durable
       | Power of Attorney) allows someone access to all your assets (they
       | should know what they are, and how to access what they might
       | need (insurance policies, for example). At very least, they
       | should be in a position to pay your bills, deposit checks, and
       | get some cash if it's needed, and to suspend your autopay gym
       | membership while you're not using it. If you have Venmo or Paypal
       | or Bitcoin, they should know how to access it. If arrangements
       | for pets/dependents have a financial component, they should be
       | able to handle that. Make sure it's someone you trust BIG. Don't
       | worry about hurting feelings when you make this decision.
       | Will: If you have simple assets, pull a simple will from
       | LegalZoom or suchlike, and get it notarized when you take in the
       | rest of your forms. Any assets that are registered - your car,
       | even if it's a hoopty; your retirement account, if you have such
       | a thing; house, etc - all of it is much more easily transferred
       | if there's a will.  For smaller things - you might simply want to
       | write down in a separate, informal note that Lola gets your party
       | dresses and you'd kinda like it if your books were donated to the
       | prison library, or whatever. It might not matter. But if you know
       | your brothers are gonna fight over your bicycle, do everyone a
       | favor and make that decision for them. They don't have to know
       | unless - it's that time.         In your red file is a *sealed*
       | envelope addressed to your FPOA with your PIN numbers, online
       | banking password, etc. DO NOT WRITE ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE
       | ENVELOPE WHAT IS CONTAINED IN IT. JUST ADDRESS IT TO YOUR FPOA.
       | DON'T MAIL IT AND DON'T GIVE IT IN ADVANCE.          If there is
       | more than one person involved in your plans, make sure they all
       | have each other's contact info. You might consider creating a
       | group chat that says something like, "Hi everyone, I just want to
       | make sure you all have easy access to each other in case of an
       | emergency. Heather, my dogsitter, has the house keys; Jamil is my
       | medical POA and makes decisions for me when I can't..." etc.
       | Someone needs to have your social media life in their hands. You
       | don't need to notarize or pull forms, but there should be an
       | envelope addressed to this person. Include the passcodes to your
       | phone and computer, and if you use a password wallet, how to
       | access that. Are you on Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn? Grindr? No
       | judgment. Just make sure someone can protect your identity -and
       | your brand, if you're social-media intensive - while you're away.
       | Don't want them to know you're on, um, Petfinder? Delete now,
       | just in case. (It's no time for a hookup, anyway.)  Also
       | delete/destroy any docs you don't want someone else to find,
       | including old journals. Also, consider clearing out anything else
       | in the house you don't want people to find. You can buy a new
       | (whatever it is) later. And clear your browser history!
        
       | sytelus wrote:
       | I think it is super important that you give this information to
       | lawyer who makes your will and no one else. Especially not your
       | spouse. Why? Statistically, 30% of spouses cheat and get deeply
       | enamored in affairs where anything can happen. It's one of the
       | most fascinating facets of human relationship. Most people think
       | it will never happen to them but it is extraordinarily random
       | with no rhyme or reason. There are people who donated their
       | kidney to their spouse and even that didn't prevent affairs. So,
       | when it comes to spouses, you are _always_ tossing a biased coin,
       | _every day_. In Western world, the chanced that you will be
       | _eventually_ end up divorced is 50%. The smartest and most
       | desirable people, everyone from von Neumann to Brad Pitt, have
       | ended up in affairs and divorces.
        
         | orangepurple wrote:
         | The cheating and divorce rate probability density function is
         | much more dense for men in the dimensions of physical
         | appearance and economic stability when they are both average or
         | low.
        
       | tjr225 wrote:
       | I thought this was going to be interesting but it's a markdown
       | file of information your partner should already have.
       | 
       | The lesson from this markdown file is that if your partner can't
       | figure this stuff out on their own you need to sort it out
       | yesterday. I doubt that the information being open source or
       | being in markdown format is going to help out your partner
       | whatsoever.
        
         | ageyfman wrote:
         | This is valuable in the sense that it accomplishes like 80% of
         | what you need to think about when establishing a doc like this,
         | and the open source nature of it is novel because you can
         | crowd-source updates more effectively than via a comment
         | section.
        
         | paranoidrobot wrote:
         | > your partner should already have
         | 
         | There's an increasing number of single people and lone-livers.
         | 
         | > if your partner can't figure this stuff out on their own you
         | need to sort it out yesterday.
         | 
         | I don't know how common it is, but I know there are some
         | couples who just don't think of this kind of stuff, at all,
         | until it's too late.
         | 
         | Mostly I've heard of it through a sudden death - the other
         | person now has to figure out what and how all the things are
         | paid for and handled.
         | 
         | I know of another where one partner got ownership of a small
         | business after a divorce, but had no idea how to handle
         | personal or business taxes/paperwork/etc. Had never done much
         | more than sign their name under tax records, or whatever - and
         | suddenly had to figure out all of that on their own.
        
       | petercooper wrote:
       | Also consider what happens if someone is incapacitated but not
       | dead. Getting into email, bank, etc. is one thing, but what if
       | you own property with someone who is suddenly and irreversibly
       | brain damaged? I strongly recommend filing a lasting power of
       | attorney in advance if your risk of this is non-negligible. My
       | mother is living a nightmare due to it right now as she assumed
       | being someone's spouse would let you take responsibility for an
       | incapacitated spouse.. wrong!
       | 
       | My father had a stroke so debilitating that he lost language
       | entirely, lives in a brain care unit 24/7, and has zero chance of
       | regaining even the most basic idea of a life. But by not being
       | biologically "dead" he retains a lot of legal protections that
       | don't really suit his situation and my mother is unable to sell
       | her home without the permission of the Court of Protection. We
       | filed for said permission 14 months ago.. and, you can guess the
       | rest. With a lasting power of attorney, she'd have been able to
       | organise her life properly within weeks.
        
         | kingcharles wrote:
         | Not just incapacitated, but also unable to reasonably
         | communicate. I was suddenly and unexpectedly thrown into jail.
         | How do you communicate all of this information to people on the
         | outside? Especially as your communications are monitored at all
         | times, so reading out logins over the phone can be very
         | detrimental.
         | 
         | I lost all but one of the hundreds of domains I owned, 10 years
         | of email, and of the thousands of online accounts I had when I
         | was locked up, only about 3 were accessible after I got out due
         | to changes in security policies or email addresses (I'm looking
         | at you Gmail) that I could no longer log into despite having
         | the username and password.
         | 
         | This problem is only going to get worse as more sites,
         | sensibly, require MFA. As long as you are _compos mentis_ and
         | have physical access to your devices everything is grand, but
         | once that breaks down, you (or your loved ones) might be
         | screwed.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | It's likely that there's no real way to solve this _without_
           | a trusted associate, but it has to be an associate you 'd
           | literally trust with everything in your life.
           | 
           | Then you can give them access to 1Password or similar in some
           | way.
        
         | giancarlostoro wrote:
         | Not sure if anyone on HN knows: do wills work for medical
         | emergencies too? Because I would assume you could setup an
         | emergency power of attorney for such a scenario. It is
         | ridiculous that you cannot sell your home if your spouse is
         | incapable of consenting.
        
           | larrywright wrote:
           | Not a lawyer, but in the US there are typically separate
           | power of attorney documents for financial vs medical
           | decisions. If you search for your state and medical or
           | financial power of attorney you should find standard forms
           | for them and see what they cover.
        
           | petercooper wrote:
           | I imagine it varies by jurisdiction. Here in the UK you can
           | create something called a "living will" but it's mostly about
           | how you want to be treated in terms of your health (think DNR
           | type stuff) and living arrangements and isn't legally
           | enforceable on its own like a regular will - certainly not
           | for something like selling jointly owned property:
           | https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/money-
           | legal/lega...
           | 
           | I imagine if we ever get around to accepting euthanasia as a
           | society the idea around a living will need to become
           | formalised. For decades my dad was _very_ clear he would
           | prefer to be dead than exist in the state he is now but sadly
           | the law insists he, or whatever is left of him, must suffer.
        
           | hnhn wrote:
           | I can only speak for the UK, but here, there are two types of
           | power of attorney: the health one designates someone to make
           | decisions about medical treatment if the subject is unable
           | to; the finance one allows the attorney to manage the assets
           | of the subject when needed.
           | 
           | The key point is that the whole process should be far easier
           | if these things are setup in advance, while the person is
           | still able to make their wishes clear, i.e. while they can
           | still say who they trust to make decisions for them.
        
         | yeetsfromhellL2 wrote:
         | I won't go into details but I'm dealing with a somewhat similar
         | situation. If you love your family and want them to make
         | decisions for you when you're incapacitated instead of
         | strangers who will likely be trying to take advantage of the
         | situation, GET AN ESTATE ATTORNEY. One at a large and respected
         | firm with a solid track record. You will be making a minuscule
         | investment compared to the cost of things going sideways. So
         | much trouble for you and your family will be saved during an
         | already difficult time.
        
         | Insanity wrote:
         | I'm sorry you are going through this. My family went through
         | this as well, with my grandfather.
         | 
         | His stroke was one of the emotionally hardest times of my life.
         | He had lost language entirely as well - and most movement.
        
         | hnhn wrote:
         | Most valuable comment on here so far.
         | 
         | Fundamentally, the OP isn't faced with a tech problem. People
         | need to start with greater awareness of power of attorney,
         | wills, and probate.
         | 
         | In a probate situation, your loved ones don't have to know all
         | your passwords and so on. They do need to know where your
         | assets are so they can contact the right organisations to claim
         | them. And you can make that process easier for them by avoiding
         | having small accounts all over the place.
        
           | protonbob wrote:
           | I agree that this isn't a tech problem. The only part that
           | the tech is for is for having feedback on the document. It is
           | meant to be printed out and not stored online. There is a
           | spot on the document for a power of attorney in fact.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | theshrike79 wrote:
         | This is something you should bring up with your bank. In
         | Finland if you have a joint account with your spouse there is a
         | difference if the account is listed as "X and Y" vs "X or Y".
         | 
         | In the first case the account is inaccessible for a fair bit of
         | time if either X or Y dies. In the latter case both can always
         | access it.
         | 
         | My partner's aunt got hit by this when her husband was 100%
         | incapacitated and hospitalized. She couldn't even pay her rent
         | or buy groceries, because she couldn't prove her husband agreed
         | with the spending.
         | 
         | We switched our account to the "or" style really fast after
         | that.
        
           | hellofelicia wrote:
           | I'm in Finland as well and have never heard of it! Would you
           | mind sharing the Finnish names for these types of accounts?
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | One of the terms I've seen in the US is "Joint Tenants With
             | Right of Survivorship (JTWROS)" but check the details.
             | 
             | It's much rarer now because checks are basically gone, but
             | you used to be able to get accounts that would require
             | _both_ signatures on the check, not just one.
        
             | theshrike79 wrote:
             | Basically an account can have either one owner and one
             | person with a permission to access it OR it can be co-
             | owned.
             | 
             | If you just have the access permission and the main owner
             | is incapacitated or dead, your access is not valid anymore
             | and it's a huge hassle to get access to the funds.
             | 
             | You want the co-owned style where both have equal rights to
             | the funds on the account. The easiest way to check it is
             | just to contact your bank and make sure it's set up that
             | way the exact terminology seems to vary a bit between
             | banks.
        
         | LinuxBender wrote:
         | I can only speak for people in the United States of America but
         | another option is a living trust. This avoids giving power of
         | attorney until a medical professional has declared one unable
         | to consent. The document can have well thought out instructions
         | created far in advance detailing who has what powers and what
         | properties/items may be transferred in advance of and/or upon
         | ones mortality. This avoids some family drama when people make
         | sub-optimal decisions. A living trust can mitigate _some_ of
         | the drama and legal battles. Assigning trust managers can also
         | mean there are people looking out for you and /or family
         | members when you are incapacitated, limiting how much money is
         | paid to whom at what intervals typically limited to a number of
         | years after your passing. A lawyer can walk one through the
         | most common issues specific to them and ensure it is in the
         | legal documents. This is also a good way to protect properties
         | and bank accounts but that is a whole topic in and of itself.
        
       | BooneJS wrote:
       | I've got one of these in 1Password that is shared with my wife.
       | It's a great idea.
       | 
       | When my mom passed away 18 years ago, we looked high and low for
       | every paper and file to help my dad start to become competent
       | with the household finances. It was a big challenge at an already
       | challenging time.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | One weird problem I learned of is that you shouldn't store your
         | will in your safety deposit box, because it will be tied up in
         | legal wrangling when it is needed the most.
        
           | nickstinemates wrote:
           | Also safety deposit boxes tend to disappear as a service all
           | too frequently, without adequate warning. Make sure if you do
           | get one to visit it often.
        
       | nasir wrote:
       | What would be the best and seamless way to host this cheat sheet?
        
         | 0x264 wrote:
         | Have an electronic version of it (the main version)
         | 
         | 1. Update it every year or so, and 2. Everytime you update it
         | you print a copy version and distribute that as needed.
        
       | fareesh wrote:
       | Whenever I think of this problem I figure it would be best to
       | have a key that you split into N parts and give it to N people
       | you trust. That way if you're gone they come together and unlock
       | it. More secure because if any of them is individually
       | compromised, your information is still safe.
        
         | wohfab wrote:
         | That also means higher risk of failure, doesn't it? If just one
         | of the N people isn't able to attend for whatever reason, your
         | stuff is gone for good. If I give the key to my spouse, they
         | can just use it. If I give it to 5 people, chance, one of those
         | is unreachable when I'm gone, is 5 times as high.
        
           | omazurov wrote:
           | That's why there should be another parameter: you should
           | split the key into N parts so that any M <= N can open the
           | lock. You can increase M adding people you don't trust 100%,
           | say to 8, but leave N at your comfortable level, 5. Even if
           | those 3 conspire, they would still be 2 people short of being
           | able to break the lock. You can do 12:5, give 5 parts to your
           | spouse and spread the remaining 7 among your relatives and
           | friends. There will still be a single point of failure,
           | though, if somebody steals all 5 parts from him/her. You can
           | decide to decrease allocation to only 4 parts so that your
           | spouse would need to cooperate with any of the other trusted
           | parties. The point is there is enough room for designing a
           | scheme that is both secure and reliable.
        
       | dlsa wrote:
       | Good idea. Also needed as part of a disaster recovery or
       | continuity plan. Eg every business should have one.
       | 
       | For those who use a domain with a catchall on it for various
       | purposes... do you have a plan for dealing with what happens if
       | you die and all those many many aliases inadvertantly get handed
       | to some new domain owner?
        
       | nikeee wrote:
       | Also consider setting a successor on GitHub:
       | 
       | > We recommend inviting another GitHub user to be your successor,
       | to manage your user owned repositories if you cannot
       | 
       | https://docs.github.com/en/account-and-profile/setting-up-an...
       | 
       | The successor has only access to the public repositories after
       | presenting a death certificate.
        
       | t_mann wrote:
       | I think the best place for most of that information is a keepass
       | file stored in an E2E-encrypted cloud (the non-sensitive stuff
       | should be known to more than one person in the household anyway -
       | but if you're single it can be a good idea to leave a printed
       | sheet with contacts for all the electricity,... suppliers
       | somewhere in your flat). The main question is how do you keep the
       | master password both safe and accessible in emergencies?
       | 
       | I see some people here suggested Samir Secret sharing which
       | sounds like a great idea. But how do you make that practical for
       | non-technical relatives?
        
       | hamter wrote:
       | Dashlane actually has a deadman's switch feature. You can give it
       | a list of accounts who can request access and if/when they
       | request access you have 24 hours to decline them. After that they
       | get access.
       | 
       | Too bad they got rid of their native apps....what a pain. I wish
       | 1password had a feature like that.
        
       | alex_duf wrote:
       | My partner and I agreed to put under seal the password of our
       | respective password managers and laptop and phone logins. That's
       | 90% of it already.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | I am lucky to have offspring and friends who know how to drive a
       | keystore so my version of this starts with: "ask one of <x> to
       | unlock the device, or if need be use the backup keystore in
       | technology <z> and here is the passphrase"
       | 
       | And then the rest is the set of URLs which point to the various
       | things, having a key/URL in the keystore, which own the DNS, the
       | VM, the mailboxes, the bank accounts, you-name-it
       | 
       | the keystore also has QR codes to restore the 2FA. It has the
       | unlock for the devices which are live on the 2FA codes, but can
       | recover most of them. The exception is a single bank token which
       | seems to use the secure region on my phone to bootstrap its one-
       | time state, and so you have to re-initialize through the bank.
       | 
       | Since the only account of merit is a joint account, either I'm
       | survived by the person who has access anyway, or we're both gone
       | and legally the account is frozen.
       | 
       | What it also says is "FOR GOODNESS SAKE DO NOT TELL <FAANG> I AM
       | GONE" because they will lock things up: Better to gain access,
       | learn what you need torrid or not, and then let them do it.
        
       | innocenat wrote:
       | This resonate deeply for me.
       | 
       | My dad unexpectedly passed away recently, and there were a lot of
       | problems because we didn't even know his phone unlock PIN (to be
       | fair, he did told us several time, just that none of us bothered
       | to remember). But one of the main problems is that tons of
       | research fund is tied up in my dad account, so it's basically
       | frozen until we can execute his will.
       | 
       | My mom manage my dad tax return so at least we think we know
       | where all his money and debts are.
       | 
       | This event prompted most of my dad co-worker to create something
       | like this cheat-sheet.
        
         | NamTaf wrote:
         | I would be surprised if you were legally allowed to go and
         | modify assets before the will is executed.
         | 
         | I know when my partner died that I was _not_ supposed to log in
         | to her accounts and just transfer shit around; banks instead
         | have very well defined processes for working out who is the
         | legally correct person to do that and then empowering them to
         | do so.
         | 
         | Remember, banks and other big companies deal with this all the
         | time. They necessarily must have robust processes for doing it
         | with the existing societal/legal systems of establishing who is
         | the 'right person'.
        
           | innocenat wrote:
           | It's perfectly legal to do that in my country as long as no
           | benefactors is unhappy. In fact, we are encouraged (by the
           | bank) to do that as the execution of will is painfully slow
           | (at least 6 months).
        
       | zoom6628 wrote:
       | This is great. My father had a file we all knew about called
       | "When I Die" (yes he had morbid sense of humour) with
       | instructions about things like belongings assets, funeral etc.
       | Writing this out for us took so much weight off our shoulders
       | knowing that we were able to deal in an organised fashion with
       | things according to his wishes.
       | 
       | Another commenter talked about lasting PoA and they are good to
       | have too in case of incapacitation. But it should also be
       | accompanied with guidelines so people know how to give care for
       | both the indisposed and those most immediately affected.
       | 
       | All of this boils down to this being a document that shows your
       | survivors how much you love them by dealing with this while you
       | can.
        
       | ComodoHacker wrote:
       | Multiple printed copies of password manager's master password? Is
       | he serious?
        
         | bluehatbrit wrote:
         | What else do you propose when trying to solve for this
         | scenario? If all your passwords are within your password
         | manager and you're suddenly incapacitated or dead, at some
         | point a family members will need access. You can push people to
         | use password managers themselves but sometimes that's just not
         | going to happen, in particular if you're in a position where
         | your next of kin might be older or just generally less
         | technical and willing to adopt that kind of thing day to day.
         | 
         | I'm not saying it's perfect, but you're dealing with people and
         | sometimes you need to make things simple rather than perfect to
         | get the job done.
        
           | ComodoHacker wrote:
           | Copy necessary data to a separate vault, at least. Don't put
           | everything at risk.
        
       | mattmurdog wrote:
       | My partner doesn't even know what Github or markdown is. I'm
       | better off writing it in plain English and putting it in a bank
       | safe.
        
         | dangus wrote:
         | One of the main value propositions of Markdown is that it's
         | readable as plain text.
        
         | alexchamberlain wrote:
         | I think this was more to inspire a rough contents and format,
         | rather than actually proposing GitHub is a good place to store
         | this stuff - print it out and stick it in a safe.
        
         | protonbob wrote:
         | That is the intended use for this as well. The markdown is just
         | for a template that is easily extensible.
        
         | 10729287 wrote:
         | This is the way :
         | 
         | keepass database with passwords and secrets, paswword protected
         | archive of 2FA qr codes, on usb drives, in two locations.
         | 
         | Master key and phone pin in the safe at the bank
        
       | ellen364 wrote:
       | I wonder about the legal position of recipients of these
       | cheatsheet. In particular, how much trouble can they get into for
       | using the passwords?
       | 
       | Say probate is taking a long time, so someone logs into the bank
       | account and withdraws money for everyday essentials. That's
       | probably one reason the deceased person left the cheatsheet. But
       | what happens when a bank notices money being withdrawn from the
       | bank account of a dead person? Presumably it gets flagged as
       | fraud. And if the estate is still going through probate, the
       | person withdrawing money might not have a legal right to do that.
        
         | hnhn wrote:
         | Yes, even if the recipient thinks they will eventually have the
         | legal right of access, until they do it's not legal to try and
         | move funds.
         | 
         | For a couple, this is one reason to think carefully about which
         | assets are in joint names and which are separate. Ideally, they
         | should have enough money in joint, liquid accounts to cover
         | however long it may take to be granted probate.
        
         | NamTaf wrote:
         | This, a million times. Tech nerds love cooking up elaborate
         | technical solutions to this problem (I've seen it here in
         | several threads over the years) but completely ignore the legal
         | requirements and expectations around establishing next of kin
         | and executing probate.
         | 
         | My recommendation always remains the same: don't over
         | complicate it and work with the existing societal processes.
         | Society deals with people dying all the time. All major
         | companies, industries, etc. have means for dealing this which
         | have established legal precedent and won't get anyone in the
         | shit by following them. Let those processes unfold and instead
         | focus on providing your loved ones with the means of having
         | what they need to do so.
        
       | yosito wrote:
       | I live an internationally nomadic lifestyle. Most of the info in
       | this doc doesn't apply to my life. I also have no dependents, so
       | if I die, it's up to the corporations to deal with the loose ends
       | I leave. I don't really have a reason to leave them a cheat
       | sheet.
       | 
       | However, recently I've heard some horror stories from friends
       | about losing access to their phones or being detained in
       | immigration or other places with little access to the outside
       | world. So I've created a document with important information in
       | the case of emergencies that I've shared with trusted contacts.
       | It includes how to access copies of my identity documents,
       | contacts of key people in my life, my last known address,
       | upcoming travel plans, contact information for my clients. I'm
       | considering automating some parts of it, but for now it's
       | basically just a text document in a cloud drive.
        
       | rob_c wrote:
       | neato, would be interesting if someone would host a secure easy
       | to access resource similar to this.
        
         | saalweachter wrote:
         | Eh, if I have a document somewhere that explains how to access
         | all of my personal accounts and finances, it's a not-very-well-
         | known target for a very targeted attack with limited payoff.
         | 
         | If I'm running a service that manages these documents for
         | thousands, millions of people I know have a well known target
         | appealing to a wide array of actors with nearly unlimited
         | payoff.
        
       | indianmouse wrote:
       | This has been around for a long time. I personally maintain all
       | the information in the following format. I hope someone finds it
       | useful.
       | 
       | https://lifehacker.com/organize-your-familys-essential-infor...
       | 
       | and what my family should know incase if something happen to me.
       | 
       | https://ussvicb.org/documents/What%20My%20Family%20Should%20...
       | 
       | Somethings like the above. I've added more info such as 2FA etc
       | in a separate sheet and saved all QR Codes for all the 2FA in my
       | Authenticator apps, and printed them and kept two copies of it in
       | two different locations known to family members. Updates are
       | added as additional sheets to the binder as new codes are added
       | and as a practice, one full dump around a 6 months to 8 months is
       | also added.
       | 
       | You never know what emergency might come in.
        
         | DavideNL wrote:
         | [offtopic]
         | 
         | I'm always surprised to see the amount of external trash/bloat
         | scripts loaded by some websites. Thank god for uBlock Origin
         | 'Medium Mode'...
         | 
         | [/offtopic]
        
       | vietvu wrote:
       | I have planned something like this when I was mentally down years
       | ago. Basically a dead man switch, where it would send an email to
       | my family if I did not extend it every 3 months. Yeah, I might
       | forget, but I am a neat and good with memory and it didn't happen
       | trigger. I turned it off after about a year, after I got better
       | and finally see it as meaningless.
       | 
       | Even now, I always think: After all, nothing would matter if I am
       | gone. Why bother with all of that?
        
         | memling wrote:
         | > After all, nothing would matter if I am gone.
         | 
         | To you, perhaps; but I would guess most everyone else would
         | disagree.
         | 
         | > Why bother with all of that?
         | 
         | It's not for you.
         | 
         | Consider that relationships among your heirs and assigns are
         | not always good, and death and money have a way of making
         | things worse.
        
         | protonbob wrote:
         | I am glad that you are doing better. The purpose for this is to
         | reduce stress on my loved ones. Including in something that I
         | might recover from like a coma or potential degradation of
         | cognitive skills.
        
         | bartvk wrote:
         | You don't have kids? My significant other is an adult, but I
         | definitely have savings that needs to end up with the kid.
        
         | alimov wrote:
         | A loss of one of us is a loss for all of us. I'm glad you are
         | in a better place.
        
         | Beltiras wrote:
         | For the sake of people you care about. Speaking from recent
         | experience. Loved ones have an easier time grieving if they
         | don't have to tackle banks/government/vendor issues as well. I
         | feel it incumbent on me to maintain my affairs in such a manner
         | that they are less of an issue for people I love, should I
         | unexpectedly kick the bucket.
        
       | wnkrshm wrote:
       | I feel for this kind of stuff, you want to have a local, air
       | gapped computer, maybe a Raspberry that has an encrypted drive. A
       | little computer that is just going to work X years down the line.
       | 
       | Edit: Or alternatively, keep a printed document and copies of all
       | of that in a bank vault. Document lockers cost less than 100EUR
       | per year.
        
         | jperry wrote:
         | Printing seems safest. I wouldn't want to gamble on a pi not
         | corrupting the boot SD card or something of the like.
        
         | protonbob wrote:
         | That was the plan here at least for the truly sensitive data.
         | Print it out with spaces and write on it by hand and store in a
         | safe location.
        
         | pi3rre wrote:
         | The problem with bank safes is that the moment you die, it's
         | going to be frozen and will only be opened when you have
         | probate. That's why it's not recommended to keep your will in a
         | bank safe.
        
       | aunlead wrote:
       | I'm banking on the emergency access feature [1] of Bitwarden
       | (available in self-hosted version too [2]).
       | 
       | The "how it works" section has more information [3] but it
       | essentially boils down to trusted individuals requesting access -
       | which can be manually approved by account holder or they are
       | automatically granted access after a pre-defined wait time.
       | 
       | Bitwarden (paid version) also claims this - "If your premium
       | features are cancelled or lapses due to failed payment method,
       | your trusted emergency contacts will still be able to request and
       | obtain access to your Vault. You will, however, not be able to
       | add new or edit existing trusted emergency contacts."
       | 
       | [1] - https://bitwarden.com/help/emergency-access/ [2] -
       | https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden/wiki/ [3] -
       | https://bitwarden.com/help/emergency-access/#how-it-works
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | This means that the time delay could be theoretically bypassed
         | by someone other than you (as time delay access is not a
         | cryptographic construction), which means that someone else has
         | access today (likely Bitwarden the company), which means the
         | end-to-end encryption has been circumvented to enable this
         | feature, which means they could be issued a search warrant to
         | yield all of your passwords to law enforcement immediately,
         | prior to your being convicted of a crime.
         | 
         | Self host with Vaultwarden and do not use this feature.
        
           | pprotas wrote:
           | But the wait time process only bypasses the manual approval
           | step, not the private key step right? So you would still need
           | a private key to initiate the time delay
        
           | DavideNL wrote:
           | How did you come to this conclusion?
           | 
           | I would assume that only the " _trusted individual(s)_ " - a
           | spouse or whatever - has the "private key" of the vault, so
           | only that person can access it (not Bitwarden, and nothing
           | can be circumvented.)
        
             | ben-schaaf wrote:
             | That just circumvents the other part of the feature; the
             | timeout. It also means you have to trust that individual's
             | security.
        
               | Epa095 wrote:
               | Can't it be handled e.g by the spouse having "half" the
               | key, bitwarden the other "half", which they only gives
               | out after the timeout. Ok, bitwarden and your "trusted
               | one" can collude to open it before, but they must both be
               | in on it.
        
               | danuker wrote:
               | Cutting a key in half doesn't halve its security, but it
               | reduces it exponentially.
               | 
               | 256 bits = 2^256 possibilities for bruteforcing
               | 
               | 255 bits = 2^255 possibilities for bruteforcing, or half
               | the security of 256 bits
               | 
               | 128 bits = 2^128 possibilities, or 1/(2^128) the security
               | 
               | But you can have encryption schemes requiring N-of-M
               | private keys to decrypt.
        
               | chipsa wrote:
               | You can cut a key in half without literally cutting it in
               | half. Like: generate random 256bit number, xor with the
               | key, and hand the random number to one party, and the
               | xor'd value to the other party.
        
               | nonameiguess wrote:
               | The link to the feature provided here explains how it
               | works. Your Bitwarden client has a master key that opens
               | your vault. This is your own private key. Bitwarden the
               | server doesn't have a copy of it. If you choose to
               | designate a trusted successor in the case of your
               | incapacitation, you send a request to that person. If
               | they accept the request, Bitwarden the client will
               | generate a public/private key pair for them. They keep
               | the private key in their client. Bitwarden the server
               | gets a copy of their public key and sends it to you. Now
               | your Bitwarden client encrypts your private key with
               | their public key and Bitwarden the server gets a copy of
               | that. In the event of your incapacitation, they send a
               | request to get a copy of that encrypted key. After the
               | timeout period, Bitwarden the server will send your
               | encrypted master key to them. Then their copy of
               | Bitwarden the client, which has their private key, can
               | decrypt it, and now they have a copy of your private key
               | as well.
               | 
               | At no point does Bitwarden the server have a copy of
               | anyone's private key. And no splitting of keys is
               | necessary. This is just the normal way asymmetric
               | encryption works.
               | 
               | This, of course, all breaks down if you don't trust
               | Bitwarden the company, since they provide you the client.
               | As far as I understand, US law enforcement doesn't have
               | the legal ability to force a company to modify their own
               | software to make it malicious (as opposed to doing
               | something much simpler like forcing them to turn on IP
               | logging on a VPN server). But if your threat model
               | includes the possibility of US covert intelligence
               | services MITM-ing Bitwarden the company and sending you
               | their own malicious client, then yeah, keep your secrets
               | in a physical vault guarded by people willing to die in a
               | shootout with the FBI before betraying you. Make sure
               | they'll answer to your successor if you die.
        
               | smaudet wrote:
               | Better just not to encrypt anything like that.
               | 
               | If you have a house, which has windows, your locks do not
               | provide security against someone smashing open the
               | window. Key cutting schemes are a bit like this - no key
               | offers security, only one of several access routes.
               | 
               | Having multiple access routes may be desirable and
               | simultaneously a concern - a fireman smashing through
               | your window to save your life is desirable, a burglar
               | slitting your throat after smashing through your window
               | is not.
               | 
               | Encryption is more like a lockbox or a safe room - having
               | a burglar compromise your safe room is undesirable, and
               | going into one during a fire is also undesirable. But you
               | do want to use one in the event of a burglary.
               | 
               | A key cutting scheme may be useful in the case of mutli
               | tenancy, but it is not a reasonable dead man switch - if
               | your data needs to be re-encrypted either the keys
               | themselves must be related (calling into question the
               | security of the keys), or the encrypting party must multi
               | encrypt the data, meaning whomever does the encrypting
               | has full access to all the key data.
               | 
               | If e.g. you are yourself encrypting the data, you must
               | multi encrypt - it would be faster just to share the key
               | yourself, as you already have all the keys. If the third
               | party is encrypting, this means they have side channeled
               | your data such that they can decrypt at any point.
               | 
               | Again, even in the case there are e.g. two mathematically
               | related keys, you cannot then enforce a timeout without
               | first referencing and thus controlling the original key.
               | You MUST distribute your keys yourself to your 3rd
               | parties, or your data cannot be secure.
        
               | danuker wrote:
               | > A key cutting scheme may be useful in the case of mutli
               | tenancy
               | 
               | No. Cutting a key in half doesn't halve its security, but
               | it reduces it exponentially.
               | 
               | 256 bits = 2^256 possibilities for bruteforcing
               | 
               | 255 bits = 2^255 possibilities for bruteforcing, or half
               | 
               | 128 bits = 2^128 possibilities, or 1/(2^128) the security
        
               | vageli wrote:
               | You can split up a key using something like
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamir%27s_Secret_Sharing
        
               | AgentME wrote:
               | You could instead construct a key by appending two
               | securely-long passphrases together (which will then go
               | through a KDF in any good encryption software). Give each
               | passphrase half to one person. Recombining them is as
               | simple as typing both of them into the passphrase input
               | in the decryption software.
        
               | kilotaras wrote:
               | 1. Key is 256 bits K
               | 
               | 2. Half of K is a random 256 bit X
               | 
               | 3. Other half is (K xor X), still 256 bit
               | 
               | Having half of key is still 256 bit bruteforcing.
        
           | wodenokoto wrote:
           | This is the paradox. You want trusted parties to have access,
           | only when you are unable to access it yourself, in cases such
           | as your death, or Alzheimer.
           | 
           | But you _don't_ want trusted parties to be able to access
           | this in case you are incapable due to being arrested, or
           | choosing to simply elope.
        
             | spurgu wrote:
             | Yup. If I were to use it I'd set it to something like 4
             | weeks, to be sure to cover most scenarios where I'm still
             | alive.
        
         | Pilottwave wrote:
         | FYI: Bitwarden premium costs 10$ a year!
        
           | alostpuppy wrote:
           | Oh? Do we like it better than last pass?
        
             | 88840-8855 wrote:
             | significantly better than lastpass. moved 3 years ago, got
             | the 10 usd premium subscription just to support the
             | project.
        
             | Pilottwave wrote:
             | I used KeePass with google drive sync before, so cant speak
             | to LastPass.
             | 
             | What got me interested is that Bitwarden is open-source and
             | empowers you to self-host, which for me goes a long way for
             | establishing trust. It has a modern interface through
             | desktop, browser extensions and CLI. You can choose to
             | cloud-host your vault on bitwarden servers, for
             | convenience, with a very generous free tier. Which is what
             | i've been doing for years now, no complaints really.
        
               | howlett wrote:
               | If you have been taking exports as backup, be aware that
               | any attachments you have were not exported -
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31702594
        
             | registeredcorn wrote:
             | I can't speak for everyone, but I made the switch after
             | there was some drama with LastPass not reporting security
             | problems in a timely manner a while back
             | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29737973)
             | 
             | I had used LastPass for a few years, and begrudgingly
             | started paying when they went the "desktop or mobile only"
             | option for free accounts - I need both for complicated
             | reasons. The switch made me pretty bitter with them over
             | the whole thing. It was like I was tricked into trusting
             | them to deliver one thing, then they started to charge me
             | for the "privilege", with no tangible improvement to the
             | service they were providing.
             | 
             | After I saw the thread and started to read up a bit on
             | their past issues
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LastPass#Security_issues), I
             | was motivated enough to make the switch.
             | 
             | Personally, I've had nothing but great things to say about
             | Bitwarden since moving over. The import from one to the
             | other was pretty painless.
             | 
             | I still have to interact with LastPass for certain job-
             | related things, and the difference is really very
             | noticeable. Much easier to generate usernames and passwords
             | in the web extensions on BW. Things are laid out a bit more
             | logically, in my opinion. It also feels like BW signs
             | in/loads significantly faster in the browser extension (I
             | might just be imagining things). It just feels less
             | cumbersome than LP is.
             | 
             | The only negative I can think of is that LP is a bit
             | prettier to look at.
        
             | lucaaa wrote:
             | Yes please
        
               | wallaBBB wrote:
               | yes x2
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | That sounds like a lot of work when you can just write down
         | your password somewhere safe?
        
           | spurgu wrote:
           | Where? And how to stop your spouse from spying on you? I
           | suppose notification of "Login from new device" would be a
           | tell. But that would also be a shitty situation if you end up
           | in a fight.
           | 
           | The Bitwarden access request seems cool since it has a
           | "quarantine period" where the owner gets notified of the
           | access request and can deny it, if still alive (against a
           | malicious spouse request).
           | 
           | If you're sure you never face the "malicious spouse"
           | scenario, then sure, but how many marriages end up in divorce
           | again?
        
       | omarhaneef wrote:
       | The valuable part of this document is reminding us what to remind
       | them of.
       | 
       | I would add: Do you have any private investments? Convertible
       | notes or stocks?
       | 
       | Should have a login for AngelList or whatever platform if it's
       | through one.
       | 
       | Then other assets like bank account, brokerage account, deeds to
       | house and car.
       | 
       | And I agree this is stuff that -- if possible -- should be shared
       | and discussed in real time.
        
         | 8n4vidtmkvmk wrote:
         | do you actually need to share bank passwords, or is just the
         | account # enough? then wifey can contact them and tell them im
         | dead. i think i put her as beneficiary on everything
        
           | protonbob wrote:
           | This is true. It might be easier for in the interim while
           | they don't have a death certificate though.
        
       | yrcyrc wrote:
       | Maybe I just don't see it but how do you keep credentials/such
       | sensitive information secret in an .md on Github?
        
         | protonbob wrote:
         | The point is that like an .env file, you won't commit your
         | information. Just copy the file and edit it or print it out.
        
       | philliphaydon wrote:
       | BitWarden has an emergency access feature.
       | 
       | https://bitwarden.com/help/emergency-access/
       | 
       | Essentially you grant another BitWarden user as an emergency
       | access user. They can request access, and you have 7 days to
       | decline access. After 7 days it grants them access to your vault.
        
         | herrvogel- wrote:
         | BitWarden has also Organizations
         | 
         | https://bitwarden.com/help/about-organizations/
         | 
         | Which are perfect for sharing access to logins like utilities
         | or insurance.
        
         | theshrike79 wrote:
         | Better not go for a 8 day off-grid adventure if you don't trust
         | your emergency access user a 1000%
        
           | philliphaydon wrote:
           | Would be a bit weird to give someone you don't trust
           | emergency access.
        
       | byt1e wrote:
       | It should be <<christophercalm/when-im-gone>>, not
       | <<christophercalm/if-im-gone>>. That's not an option.
        
         | Mordisquitos wrote:
         | I would argue that it _is_ an option. As of now the code block
         | inside...                   if(christophercalm_is_gone) {
         | follow_his_instructions();         }
         | 
         | ...will not execute.
         | 
         | On a more serious note though, on a social level, I think <<
         | _if_ I 'm gone>> is much better phrasing than << _when_ I 'm
         | gone>> if the intention is to be prepared for unforeseen tragic
         | events. Unless one is facing a terminal illness or is past a
         | certain age, using _when_ is too melodramatic, especially when
         | the target audience are close loved ones. It doesn 't only
         | imply the inevitability of being gone some day, but also
         | implies the certainty that ones current loved ones will have to
         | face it and must know what to do.
         | 
         | I imagine that the author hopes to live to a ripe old age and
         | probably outlive his "somewhat complex" home setup. In that
         | regard, the _if_ makes more sense, as it is nowhere near
         | certain that anyone will have to deal with his home setup
         | _when_ he is gone.
        
           | protonbob wrote:
           | Thanks. I actually tried to put a lot of thought into the
           | naming of this. For me, "When I'm gone" sounded too much like
           | I was contemplating suicide. Also, I do hope that we will
           | eventually outgrow the mess of passwords and usernames that
           | the web is built on now.
        
         | Bluecobra wrote:
         | Not _yet_ , maybe the OP hasn't ruled out being cryogenically
         | frozen and re-animated by future generations. :D
        
       | AndrewVos wrote:
       | This is scary because my PC is setup with awesomewm, and I highly
       | doubt anyone in my family would even be able to open a browser :/
        
         | gaws wrote:
         | Then put the information on a PC everyone can use.
        
       | kippel wrote:
       | For me the problem with password managers, etc. is that it
       | assumes that there will be a somehow tech savvy partner or
       | relative left behind with all the knowledge of how to open it.
       | 
       | I prefer a method that can work in case me and my partner pass at
       | the same time (e.g. accident). A paper will work for my partner,
       | parents, siblings or an attorney in case of emergency.
        
       | pjc50 wrote:
       | Keeping your money in the bank means the executor of your will
       | can usually get it through a straightforward process.
       | 
       | Keeping your money in crypto means that, by default, it dies with
       | you, unless you take special effort to ensure otherwise, and are
       | willing to trust a solution you can't possibly debug because
       | you'll be dead.
        
         | protonbob wrote:
         | I certainly don't keep my money in crypto. But I do have a
         | certain amount of my investment portfolio in it. I treat it as
         | a physical asset that has to be stored properly. Giving
         | instructions for how to access the seed and how to use it seems
         | to be sufficient but I don't have a large enough amount to
         | probably matter all that much. Also, I have worked at banks and
         | it is a pain to get access to bank accounts. Providing a death
         | certificate can take a long time and I have a large amount of
         | logins.
        
         | deadbunny wrote:
         | What needs top be debugged? Leave instructions of how to access
         | your seed words and they get full access to the funds in the
         | wallet.
        
         | anonporridge wrote:
         | Depending on how much you trust your government, bank, and
         | judicial system, inability for them to access your money after
         | your death is a feature, not a bug, because it means they also
         | can't easily block or steal it during your life.
         | 
         | As people in China who have had their bank accounts frozen for
         | months, and now their health status flagged red when they were
         | planning to protest, are finding out,
         | https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/15/china/china-zhengzhou-bank-fr...
         | 
         | Minorities in America have historically faced similar
         | challenges of unfair treatment under the justice system.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | It's also illegal to transact (but seemingly not to hold?)
           | cryptocurrency in China, which makes it risky to use. You'd
           | have to trust your counterparty not to leak your location to
           | the authorities. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/01/what-
           | s-behind-china-s...
           | 
           | (A conspiracy theory I have no evidence for but might believe
           | is that the US has been very tolerant of cryptocurrency and
           | stablecoins for the same reason as China bans them: enabling
           | capital flight from China to the US.)
        
       | zie wrote:
       | Fidelity has a free program called FidSafe:
       | https://www.fidsafe.com/ That will hand over documents once dead.
        
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