[HN Gopher] Shortsightedness has become an epidemic
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Shortsightedness has become an epidemic
        
       Author : nilsbunger
       Score  : 468 points
       Date   : 2022-06-12 06:17 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | jboogie77 wrote:
       | Anyone have an unlocked link?
        
         | spidersouris wrote:
         | Here you go: https://arxius.io/f/e9c469eb
        
           | ayewo wrote:
           | Thanks, but the contents of your linked PDF, which is just
           | plaintext, no images, is different from the Archive copy of
           | the article shared up-thread here
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31712453
           | 
           | Did the Economist show you a different article with the same
           | title due to your location?
        
             | spidersouris wrote:
             | Sorry about that! I used the website of my academic library
             | which collects articles from a variety of newspapers, but
             | it seems they got the wrong one.
        
               | ayewo wrote:
               | No worries :)
        
       | john-doe wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/4i9OA
        
       | stackbutterflow wrote:
       | I noticed my eyesight gets better after many hours outside not
       | looking at any screen. And worsen after many hours in front of a
       | screen. Is there a name for that?
        
         | rnd420_69 wrote:
         | have you verified that it actually gets better and that you're
         | not just getting used to it?
         | 
         | I used to think the same thing when I just tried not wearing
         | glasses for a while. I could swear that it was awful at first
         | but over time my no-glases eyesight improved tremendously. I
         | then did a really simple distance reading test and it was
         | obvious that it didn't improve at all and the effect was
         | imagined.
        
         | KVFinn wrote:
         | I think it's multiple things.
         | 
         | Your eye is a muscle, focusing only at close range keeps the
         | range of motion tight. Just like your back and neck might get
         | stiff sitting all day.
         | 
         | Sunlight means smaller pupil, wider depth of field, just like a
         | camera.
         | 
         | (My speculation) More light gives you brain more information to
         | clean up or upscale a blurry image. This effect even seems to
         | last when you leave sunlight, for awhile. It's like I fine
         | tuned my neurons to prioritize blur reduction, and it takes
         | awhile for them to fall back into normal processing. If this is
         | true, my guess is that I might be trading off contrast or color
         | details for sharpness.
        
         | misslibby wrote:
         | Could it just be dryness of the eyes?
        
         | thiht wrote:
         | Eyestrain
        
         | d13 wrote:
         | Probably because your pupils dilate in bright sunlight, which
         | improves focus?
        
         | plonk wrote:
         | Some websites call it "computer vision syndrome" [1], but it
         | just seems like eyestrain to me.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-
         | conditions/c...
        
         | Aulig wrote:
         | There is indeed, cilliary spasm and near induced transient
         | myopia (nitm).
        
         | tamrix wrote:
         | My parents would call it square eyes lol
        
         | AndrewDucker wrote:
         | Tiredness of the eye muscles after many hours forcing the focus
         | to a short distance.
        
       | chasil wrote:
       | Allow me to say this, _emphatticaly no!_
       | 
       | "Governments are well placed to solve such collective-action
       | problems..."
        
         | atq2119 wrote:
         | Who would you say is in a better position?
        
       | seltzered_ wrote:
       | See also https://www.nature.com/news/the-myopia-boom-1.17120
       | (2015)
        
       | carapace wrote:
       | Everything in nature is fractal-shaped, while most things in our
       | artificial environments are made of flat surfaces. If you think
       | of light as a kind of "food" for the eyes, we are effectively
       | eating junk food all day every day.
        
         | alar44 wrote:
         | Lol that's just rediculous.
        
           | carapace wrote:
           | You misspelled ridiculous.
           | 
           | It's a metaphor. Eyes evolved to process much more intricate
           | light fields than we typically get in our
           | homes/schools/offices. That has an effect?
        
       | Stratoscope wrote:
       | I've written about this before, but it bears repeating. However
       | good your vision is when you're young, it will change as you get
       | older.
       | 
       | Most people become more farsighted as they age. Typically it
       | starts when you are around 40 and changes rapidly for the next
       | decade. After that it tends to settle down.
       | 
       | More importantly, the lenses in your eyes become more rigid,
       | losing their ability to focus at different distances.
       | 
       | When I was younger, one eye was a bit nearsighted and the other a
       | bit farsighted. This allowed me to get away without glasses
       | longer than I should have. Even if I wasn't seeing clearly with
       | both eyes, I could see at most distances with one eye.
       | 
       | As my eyes' focus distance lengthened, my nearsighted eye
       | attained close to normal vision, and my farsighted eye was
       | focused past infinity. Not good.
       | 
       | When I got my first pair of prescription single vision computer
       | glasses, it was life-changing. Now I could see my laptop screen
       | perfectly. I told my optometrist I wanted something like single
       | vision reading glasses, but adjusted for the distance to my
       | laptop screen, about 20", unlike the typical 16" focus distance
       | of a reading prescription.
       | 
       | In fact, this started to make me fussy about using high-DPI
       | displays (~200 DPI) instead of the low-DPI displays (~100 DPI)
       | I'd previously used. On a low-DPI display I could see the pixels!
       | 
       | It does mean that when I use external monitors with the laptop, I
       | need to have them also at this 20" distance. So to augment the
       | laptop screen, I have a 24" 4K monitor in landscape mode
       | immediately above it, and a second 24" 4K monitor in portrait
       | mode to the left.
       | 
       | Both of the external monitors are at about the same 20" distance
       | from my eyes, and each of the three displays is angled
       | differently so the center of the monitor is aligned with my
       | vision: the laptop display at a typical laptop angle, the one
       | above it closer to vertical (but still tilted a bit), and the one
       | on the left at an in-between angle. The bottom of this monitor is
       | about a half inch above my desk, just enough room to let cables
       | run under it.
       | 
       | This is a fairly glorious setup. All three displays are in focus
       | for me, and the portrait display is great for reading
       | documentation, especially PDF files that are so awkward on a
       | landscape display.
       | 
       | The key to this is the single vision glasses. I have seen so many
       | people try to use progressive lenses with their computers, and
       | they are always craning their neck back so they can see through
       | the lower part of the lens that has a closer focus distance.
       | Single vision lenses let everything be in focus at once,
       | especially with the portrait mode monitor.
       | 
       | Another key is that the computer glasses should have a fairly
       | tall profile, not the truncated rectangular lenses that are so
       | popular. This greatly improves the field of view.
       | 
       | On my last visit to the optometrist they suggested lenses with a
       | blue light filter. I said no thanks on that. Sometimes I do photo
       | editing, and the blue light filter shifts everything to a warmer
       | color. The way I solve the problem of too much blue light is that
       | I simply don't turn my monitor brightness up so high. It is set
       | so a white background is about the same brightness as a piece of
       | white paper in the same lighting.
       | 
       | I also have progressive glasses that I use for everything else
       | when I'm not at the computer. These have magnetic clip-on
       | sunglasses, which are pretty great. Indoors I can leave the
       | sunglasses off and just use the progressives on their own.
       | Because I wear aloha shirts with a pocket, I can keep the
       | sunglass lenses in my pocket and I hardly know they are there.
       | When I step outside or go driving, I just snap on the magnetic
       | clip-ons and I'm good to go.
       | 
       | The frames with magnetic clip-ons are a bit uncommon these days,
       | but they are well worth finding.
       | 
       | If anyone is curious I can look up the brand and exact model
       | number for both the round single vision and the progressives I'm
       | using.
        
         | ayewo wrote:
         | Please share links, thanks.
        
       | gtsnexp wrote:
       | Myopia has been an epidemic for many years now. And the future
       | prospects look grim. Fortunately, there are research groups
       | tackling this issue hoping to develop some gene-therapy approach.
        
         | jart wrote:
         | What? Why do we need to genetically engineer people for wearing
         | glasses?
        
           | harshreality wrote:
           | Myopia is a risk factor for floaters, retinal detachment, and
           | glaucoma. It's objectively not neutral, despite that glasses
           | exist.
           | 
           | Glasses are also inconvenient, cost money, can be lost or
           | broken, and don't cover the entire field of vision, and
           | contacts have their own problems.
        
             | jart wrote:
             | I can't believe you're serious. I wear glasses and there's
             | nothing wrong with me. Last thing I want is to live in a
             | world where I'm pressured to be genetically engineered for
             | having the wrong kind of eyes.
        
               | d_tr wrote:
               | I have around -10 dioptres in both eyes, like my father.
               | I am also amblyopic. It is a minor inconvenience for me
               | right now, but the risks for serious problems in the
               | future are real.
               | 
               | The problem, if I understand correctly, is that myopia
               | correlates well with eyeball elongation, which puts
               | stress on the retina, thus sharply increasing the risk of
               | macular degeneration and retinal detachment as you get
               | older. Other complications are also more likely to occur.
               | 
               | I was only vaguely aware of this until recently but I am
               | a bit worried now and going to a doctor soon to asses the
               | situation and manage the risks if possible.
        
               | jcims wrote:
               | Not to scare you or anything but to just reinforce the
               | fact that you should incorporate regular retinal exams.
               | My daughter is also around -10 and in a recent eye exam
               | they did the retinal imaging thing (that i always thought
               | was just an upsell scam). Well they found what they
               | thought was retinoschisis. They referred her to a retina
               | center (which of course took nearly a month).
               | 
               | At that exam they found that her left eye had substantial
               | retinal detachment and scheduled her for a scleral buckle
               | procedure the following Tuesday to avoid any further
               | progression. Aside from seeing some sparks every now and
               | then there were no symptoms. Ocular migraines run on both
               | sides of the family so she wasn't too worried about it.
        
               | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
               | I wear glasses and there's nothing wrong with me at the
               | moment either, and I hope it keeps being that way, but
               | the augmented risks mentioned by the GP are real and
               | well-attested.
               | 
               | In fact, many ophtalmologists consider LASIK and their
               | ilk to be cosmetic surgery, because it gets you rid of
               | the glasses, but not of all the other consequences of
               | myopia.
        
               | trashface wrote:
               | You can get glaucoma later in life. I was diagnosed in my
               | mid-40s, now I have to take drops for the rest of my
               | life. And still might go blind. Some people with open-
               | angle glaucoma don't even know they have it, which is why
               | it is referred to as "the silent thief of sight". I'd
               | definitely take a genetic cure for this if one existed.
               | 
               | There might be nothing wrong with you now, but there is
               | no guarantee it will stay that way.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | If there's nothing wrong with you, why are you wearing
               | glasses? I wear hearing aids because my hearing is
               | flawed. I would be ecstatic if there was a genetic
               | solution.
        
               | jart wrote:
               | I'm sorry to hear about your hearing. From what I've
               | heard, hearing aids help but they are not a satisfactory
               | solution. So if you still feel something is wrong, then
               | the way _you_ feel is what matters.
               | 
               | There's nothing wrong with my vision because I wear
               | glasses. I like my glasses. I consider glasses to be a
               | satisfactory technology that solves the problem I used to
               | have before I got them. I see myself as one with the
               | technologies I use. If someone thinks I should adopt the
               | GE technology instead of the optical glassware
               | technology, then fine, but no one has the right to tell
               | me I have a problem.
               | 
               | Ideally what I'd want are glasses that let me see the
               | things normal people can't see, like electromagnetic
               | radiation other than the narrow part of the spectrum for
               | visible light, such as infrared, gamma rays, and hidden
               | colors, etc. Superhuman vision would be real progress
               | imho and a whole lot less creepy than what's being
               | proposed here.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | They are called "corrective lenses" because they are
               | correcting your flawed vision. You have a problem you
               | address with glasses. It's no different than any other
               | medical technology to address a life altering flaw.
               | 
               | You can be happy with the solution, but there is still
               | something wrong with your eyes. Someone offering a
               | solution that actually fixes your eyes shouldn't be
               | offensive and you most certainly shouldn't be
               | discouraging it. It's like someone getting in a huff
               | about a diabetes cure because they see their insulin
               | needle as a part of themself.
        
               | gcbirzan wrote:
               | Not the wrong kind, but broken. And, while your vision
               | might be fine, the other issues are still there.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | gspr wrote:
           | Because glasses suck, and we don't wanna condemn future
           | generations to wear them if they don't have to (and they
           | still can if they so choose, of course).
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | They're good if you don't like stuff flying into your eyes
             | when you're outside.
        
               | gspr wrote:
               | Luckily you can still use them for that even if you no
               | longer need them for vision correction :-)
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | and those are cheaper
        
       | nilsbunger wrote:
       | I didn't realize the evidence is strong that daylight keeps kids
       | from becoming near-sighted. Making young kids study all the time
       | is killing their eyesight!
        
         | OskarS wrote:
         | Yeah, I hadn't heard about this "daylight" thing either. I've
         | been nearsighted since I was a kid, and back then people said I
         | got it because I read to much, focusing on things too close to
         | my face. I thought that was a pretty fair trade-off, since I
         | liked reading, and didn't particularly mind wearing glasses.
         | 
         | This sunlight thing makes a lot of sense though. I kept hearing
         | proposals during the pandemic about holding classes outside if
         | the weather allowed for it. Might not be such a terrible idea
         | in climates where it's suitable.
        
           | ip26 wrote:
           | Interestingly, reading is usually done indoors.
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | Yes; among other reasons, sunlight reflecting off the white
             | pages of a book is bright enough to injure your eyes.
             | 
             | The basic Kindle model is grey and can be comfortably read
             | in sunlight, and yet somehow people are convinced that the
             | "PaperWhite" model is better...
        
               | manmal wrote:
               | The Paperwhite is called that because it has background
               | lighting via weak LEDs.
        
               | _ph_ wrote:
               | What ever the name says, it isn't paper white. Actually,
               | I think there is little difference, the difference is the
               | light, which makes the PaperWhite look whiter in normal
               | light and enables reading in dim conditions.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | Perhaps some people read significantly more indoors or
               | shade than direct sunlight
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | The grey background doesn't make it any harder to read.
               | It's just less bright.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | smeej wrote:
           | I was told reading was my problem too...except I was only
           | nearsighted in one eye. My right eye couldn't focus clearly
           | past the length of my arm, but my left one had no trouble at
           | all. For years, I wore a plain lens for the left eye, and
           | when I was old enough, switched to wearing only one contact
           | lens.
           | 
           | They confirmed it wasn't that I was reading only with my
           | right eye, and it's obviously not like my eyes got different
           | amounts of sunlight, given that they go everywhere together,
           | so I've always been suspicious that that was a lazy answer.
        
           | prox wrote:
           | I can't find the article atm, but read about a school who is
           | trying that out right now, I think they started in the
           | pandemic.
        
           | frereubu wrote:
           | My daughter's primary school teacher recently got a "beach
           | teaching" qualification and she now has one school day a week
           | on the beach, rain or shine. I was really pleased about that
           | anyway as the school doesn't have a lot of outdoor space for
           | the kids to run around, but this gives me even more reason to
           | be happy.
        
             | bbarnett wrote:
             | I scoffed at first, but I guess the qualification is about
             | water safety and things, just in case?
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | You should've stopped at the scoff. Someone qualified to
               | handle children in a classroom and in field trips is
               | already qualified to take them to a beach.
        
               | frereubu wrote:
               | I think you may be misunderstanding, which is perhaps
               | understandable given that I didn't unpack what it meant -
               | see my sibling comment. But scoffing without asking for
               | more information isn't a great strategy for learning.
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | I grew up in a beach town and gone to the beach in
               | kindergarten all the time with the school without any
               | special certifications. In the event kids go into the
               | water there's always a lifeguard on duty already so
               | otherwise it's the same as any other school outing, I'm
               | not sure what the difference would be from leading a
               | group of children in a city walk for example which to me
               | looks way more dangerous.
        
               | throw0101c wrote:
               | > _But scoffing without asking for more information isn
               | 't a great strategy for learning._
               | 
               | See the dart game scene from _Ted Lasso_ :
               | 
               | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZ4YSXv6Xkg
        
               | excalibur wrote:
               | Making kids go to the beach in the rain isn't a great
               | strategy either.
        
               | engineer_22 wrote:
               | Rain is a good thing
        
               | frereubu wrote:
               | I know what you mean - I also had a bit of a similar
               | reaction at first - but as I understand it's how to run
               | lessons on a beach without classroom teaching materials
               | to hand, how to use things on the beach in the context of
               | certain subjects etc. Also, I said "qualification" which
               | probably makes it sound grander than it is - she just
               | went on a 3 or 4 day course.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | If we manage to have a kid, long walks everyday are planned :)
         | More movement, less screen time is always good for health,
         | parents' and kids' alike.
         | 
         | Also, getting used to all sorts of weather improves the immune
         | system. By spending too much time indoors we are becoming
         | glasshouse flowers.
        
           | mattlondon wrote:
           | Good luck with the plan :)
           | 
           | Under the age of about 1 to 1.5 then you get to call the
           | shots of what happens when. Walk as mu h as you like.
           | 
           | After that age, the kids start to get their own opinions and
           | won't always just do what you want them to do. _You_ may want
           | to go for a long walk, but the kid wants to do something
           | else. They 'll spend 95% of the time trying to escape the
           | buggy/stroller or trying to run off or just sit on the floor
           | if they're walking.
           | 
           | At that age we've found that it is best to not have any plans
           | for things you _need_ to do - e.g. don 't plan to "walk to
           | the store", because it might take you 25 minutes to go about
           | 200 meters because you need to stop to look at a traffic
           | light or a store front or a car that is red or whatever -
           | i.e. you'll never get to the store without a fight. That
           | said, they usually love the playground though so swings and
           | slides and stuff can replace being a docile lump that you
           | cart around.
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | It very much depends on the relationship you have with your
             | kids. Respect and trust are really important.
             | 
             | However beyond that IMHO frankly it's critical safety
             | imperative that children do what their parents tell them
             | when it matters. If you're in the street near traffic a
             | child disregarding parental instructions is a life and
             | death issue. There are other safety critical situations
             | too. This is why I feel it's vital that children and
             | parents have a relationship of trust and respect, in both
             | directions, that allows for that. It's not easy, I know.
        
               | mattlondon wrote:
               | Your kids can trust and respect you, but they still get
               | curious and still get bored. They won't always want to do
               | what you want them to do, especially when they are
               | toddlers.
               | 
               | You need to let kids be kids (while being safe which I
               | obviously agree with)
        
               | ayewo wrote:
               | With respect to building respect and trust with young
               | kids, this video might be useful
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHvm1J9HVLo
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | Dr. Paul Jenkins is great!
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | It is not necessary that bad. I had some fights with kids
             | at that age, but it definitely was not every single time we
             | walked. You are exaggerating how bad it is.
             | 
             | What you do is normal at that age. If you walk to store
             | frequently it is normal routine and lead to fights only
             | occasionally. And while kid stops to look at boring things,
             | it is not like they would stop for hours, most of time you
             | nudge them after few seconds and they go.
             | 
             | It is slower then adult speed, but not that impossibly
             | slow.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | > I had some fights with kids at that age, but it
               | definitely was not every single time we walked. You are
               | exaggerating how bad it is.
               | 
               | Every child is unique. Some are more stubborn than
               | others. This is a challenge with any parenting advice
               | because there is so much variance. My experience is my
               | kids do fight or linger every time despite the routine
               | and nudges.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Sure. But the whole "heh your plan to have daily walks
               | with kids is impossible" is just not true. Families with
               | kids walk to places.
               | 
               | Plus, there are millions of single parents around the
               | world who don't have cars and walk+public transport their
               | kids to daycare daily.
        
             | PebblesRox wrote:
             | Yes, when my oldest was 1 1/2, I took him on a lot of short
             | walks where I had no particular destination in mind. It was
             | great for teaching him sidewalk safety and for giving him
             | freedom to practice whatever gross motor skills he was
             | working on, like climbing up and down steps without holding
             | on to stuff.
             | 
             | Unfortunately I didn't do nearly as much of this kind of
             | walk with his little brother, because it's not safe if your
             | attention is divided between multiple kids.
             | 
             | https://bancosparenting.wordpress.com/2018/05/24/freedom-
             | wit...
        
             | couchand wrote:
             | Kids are crazy. One second they'll be yelling in your face
             | about how completely different from you they are, then the
             | next minute they're repeating you verbatim to a friend.
             | 
             | You can absolutely get a kid excited about a long walk. It
             | sounds like in your case your kid was enjoying it more than
             | you were ;)
        
           | chronci2901 wrote:
           | > By spending too much time indoors we are becoming
           | glasshouse flowers.
           | 
           | Efficiency vs anti-fragility. Pick one, but not both.
        
             | knob wrote:
             | I love that you used anti-fragility correctly! =)
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | Everyone thinks this, until they pop out a second one and
           | there is no time or energy to do anything outside work, cook,
           | clean, and all the baby/toddler tasks.
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | Huh? Walks outside with the toddler are the best. Stick him
             | in either the stroller or bike seat and it's the only time
             | they sit still.
             | 
             | Guess it's a bit hard to combine with a baby <6 months, but
             | eventually they should both fit.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | It is rough if both parents are working. Lining up all
               | the schedules and breastfeeding and whatnot is harder
               | than it sounds, especially in northern (and southern)
               | areas with less daylight hours. Just cooking and feeding
               | and cleaning up after a picky toddler and baby learning
               | how to eat can kill an evening. And then at least one is
               | bound to be sick every other week if they are in day
               | care...the list goes on for why plans have a low tendency
               | to work out. See also mattlondon's comment.
        
               | throwawayarnty wrote:
               | It has been pretty easy on our end. We live walking
               | distance to work and daycare.
               | 
               | so it's no problem to even have both of us pick the kids
               | up, walk home to eat lunch, walk kids back to daycare,
               | and go back to work.
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | Yep... focusing (as in, your eyes keeping focus) on a thing
         | that's at a fixed distance infront of you for extended periods
         | of time seems to be very bad for your eyesight... "back in my
         | times", the parents used to blame stuff like this on screens
         | (tv back then), but books do the same thing. Basically all the
         | workplace safety trainings here include the "stare at something
         | in the distance every now and then", so you focus on something
         | else, not just the screen <1m away from your face.
        
         | rhinoceraptor wrote:
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | Wisdom teeth used to just be a problem that either killed
           | you, or you lived with lots of pain from, or you paid a guy
           | to try and do _something_ about them.
           | 
           | I don't know why people are so big on "we used to not need X
           | in the distant past" tropes: yes we did, but we also just let
           | _lots_ of people die from it, or live a life of agony or
           | being shunned as ugly /unclean/unable.
        
             | Nitramp wrote:
             | Crooked teeth really didn't exist in the farther out past.
             | If you look at the jawbones of Neolithic people, they all
             | have perfectly aligned teeth.
             | 
             | The theory is that we're not chewing hard enough food,
             | which leads to insufficient jawbone growth as a kid,
             | leading to not enough space for your teeth.
        
               | idlehand wrote:
               | I guess I should thank my mom and her well-done steaks
               | for my decent jaw and relative lack of dental issues.
        
             | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
             | Only Americans are afraid of wisdom teeth. 90 percent of
             | the rest of the world keep them with no problems
             | whatsoever.
             | 
             | (Something something medical cartel...)
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Where you got that from? They are surgically removed
               | outside of USA regularly when they grow bad and cause
               | infections.
        
               | davidgay wrote:
               | I think the difference is the US is very likely to remove
               | them preemptively.
        
             | coffeeblack wrote:
             | If they killed that many people, how did they escape
             | natural selection?
        
               | jen729w wrote:
               | They didn't kill you. You needed them, after your second
               | teeth - what we call your 'adult teeth' - had rotten and
               | fallen out.
        
               | wiseowise wrote:
               | Killed<>eradicated.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | If it happens after the person has a chance to raise
               | offspring to a sufficient survival age, then it would not
               | adversely affect natural selection.
        
           | wiseowise wrote:
           | > It is abnormal for humans to need glasses. It's also
           | abnormal for humans to need braces and to need their wisdom
           | teeth surgically removed.
           | 
           | It's not. Just because there wasn't a documented cases of
           | weakly sighted people doesn't mean that they didn't exist. Or
           | do you seriously believe all prehistoric humans had 20/20
           | eyesight?
           | 
           | And unless your teeth are crooked line vines you _probably_
           | don 't need braces from medical standpoint. Unless it causes
           | issues to your jaw. Same with wisdom teeth.
           | 
           | > The list of maladies caused by modern diet and lifestyle is
           | infinite and unknowable.
           | 
           | What exactly in modern diet and lifestyle causes issues that
           | you've listed?
        
             | lr1970 wrote:
             | > Or do you seriously believe all prehistoric humans had
             | 20/20 eyesight?
             | 
             | The prehistoric realities were harsh and nearsighted
             | individuals had little chances of survival and procreation
             | (natural selection). In the modern society perfect eye-
             | sight is not as important for survival as in the
             | prehistoric society, thus more tolerance to its greater
             | variability.
        
               | idlehand wrote:
               | Sunlight exposure has been shown to be protective of
               | eyesight, and we spend more time indoors focusing on
               | screens.
               | 
               | The timespan is too short for evolution to have had a
               | considerable impact.
        
               | lr1970 wrote:
               | > The timespan is too short for evolution to have had a
               | considerable impact.
               | 
               | I am not talking about evolution as in developing new
               | species but about survivability of naturally occurring
               | variations. Modern humanity timespan is not enough in
               | developing new genetic traits but long enough to alter
               | effects of natural selection. BTW, due to advances in
               | medicine nowadays we have children born and survive into
               | adulthood with medical conditions that were terminal just
               | 100 years ago. Survival variability (in developed world)
               | is much broader that it was in recent historic past (e.g.
               | middle-ages). This is a plain fact.
        
               | idlehand wrote:
               | But the timeline is too short even for that. The number
               | of children who survive today, despite genetic issues,
               | who would not have survived 100 years ago, is miniscule
               | compared to the extent of nearsightedness today.
        
             | inkblotuniverse wrote:
             | Soft foods cause crooked teeth. Ancestral humans ate raw
             | tubers and other very chewy things that exercised their
             | jaws, and the growing human body needs this
             | resistance/exercise. If you look at modern hunter-gatherer
             | tribes with traditional diets, they have a far lower rate
             | of crooked teeth we'd solve with braces than the developed
             | world.
             | 
             | Sterile environments/too-low pathogenic load causes
             | allergies. The immune system expects a base-rate of
             | infection; if it doesn't see that, it upregulates.
             | Allergies are a first-world disease; they're far less
             | prevalent in less developed countries, and you even see the
             | effect in immigrants- their allergy rates go up after a few
             | years of living in a developed country.
        
         | ejb999 wrote:
         | >>Making young kids study all the time is killing their
         | eyesight! reply
         | 
         | I very much doubt kids 'studying too much' is the problem -
         | staring at iphones all day watching tiktok and playing video
         | games is more like it.
        
           | saiya-jin wrote:
           | That doesn't certainly help, but there was already a
           | disproportionate army of myopic asian (mostly chinese IIRC)
           | kids that were spending their entire young lives burried in
           | books, way before modern world glued their eyesight to those
           | tiny crappy screens.
        
             | Qem wrote:
             | Now wonder if Chinese children must spend more time buried
             | in books because their writing system is more time-
             | demanding to learn (~4000 logograms vs. a few dozens
             | letters in languages with alphabetic writing systems).
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > I very much doubt kids 'studying too much' is the problem -
           | staring at iphones all day watching tiktok and playing video
           | games is more like it.
           | 
           | Civilizational myopia is not a new phenomenon. It is much
           | older than iphones or video games.
        
           | grapeskin wrote:
           | I'm thinking it's the heavy metal that the rapscallions these
           | days are hipping and hopping to.
           | 
           | The reality is near-sightedness is a massive problem in
           | countries with insane childhood studying hours, eg all across
           | east Asia.
        
           | tootie wrote:
           | Staring at a book or a chess set has the exact same effect.
        
           | toastal wrote:
           | I bet not long before that the old folks were complaining
           | about the kids watching too much TV, reading too many comics,
           | or playing too much backgammon.
        
         | wiseowise wrote:
         | I spent all my childhood outside and still near-sighted.
        
           | donthellbanme wrote:
        
           | charles_kaw wrote:
           | One person's anecdote does not qualify or disqualify a
           | concept.
        
             | wiseowise wrote:
             | Never said that it disqualifies a concept. Just stating
             | that there might be something else, give my anecdote. And
             | given amount of upvotes on my comment, I'm not the only
             | one.
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | Same and I am very near-sighted.
        
           | chasebank wrote:
           | My friend has never had a vaccine and brags he's never gotten
           | measles...
        
           | tomp wrote:
           | I spent all my childhood (and continuing into adulthood)
           | staring at a computer screen and I've 20/20 vision.
        
         | FooHentai wrote:
         | Anecdata, but I lived in a low light environment for most of my
         | life (North UK), then spend the last ~15 years in a much
         | brighter environment (NZ). My prescription has dropped from a
         | mid -5 to a low -4 in that time, which is a fairly large and
         | uncommon improvement for someone middle aged. The optician put
         | it down to where I've been living.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | Decreased myopia is very common in middle-aged people. Mine
           | went from -2 to 0 in my 40s. I did not move to New Zealand.
        
         | _the_inflator wrote:
         | In earlier years, this was correlated with highly giftedness,
         | because IQ kids used to suck in more information which means
         | reading a lot: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19127804/ ;)
        
           | achenet wrote:
           | "nerds wear glasses, study finds"
        
         | solarmist wrote:
         | I thought this was relatively well known.
        
         | Simon_O_Rourke wrote:
         | It'd be interesting if someone could try and relate this
         | statistic to the typical solar index for an area -
         | https://globalsolaratlas.info/map
         | 
         | I thought it would have been to do with the consumption of
         | starches and carbs
         | https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2003/sep/21/shoppin...
        
         | etaioinshrdlu wrote:
         | I sometimes wonder if UV protective glasses block some possible
         | benefit of UV light to eyes.
        
           | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
           | I have often wondered this myself, but the dangers of UV
           | light seem to be well documented, with no benefits.
           | 
           | If you wear UV protective glasses most of the time you can
           | almost elimate cataracts.
           | 
           | The UV index here in southern Australia tends to be high to
           | extreme most days during the warmer months, so I tend to wear
           | UV protective sun glasses anytime I'm outside.
        
           | InvaderFizz wrote:
           | I'm not sure there are any known benefits that outweigh the
           | costs of UV exposure.
           | 
           | That said, there is emerging research that the lack of NIR
           | light is very detrimental to all kinds of health
           | conditions[0].
           | 
           | Over the past two years, I've moved to ensuring that I get
           | plenty of indirect sunlight. As NIR can go through most
           | clothing and foliage produced shade, it's quite pleasant and
           | relaxing to spend time in it.
           | 
           | I also have large concerns with the move to thermal
           | insulation efficiency that we now have. Indoor Air and quite
           | easily become stagnant due to lack of outdoor exchange and
           | the the low-emissivity glass used in high end windows block
           | most NIR. Couple that with a lack of NIR emitters
           | (incandescent is gone, camp fires are gone), and I think we
           | are in for a world of hurt, even more so than today.
           | 
           | Indoor Air quality can be mostly solved with use of ERVs to
           | cycle the air with minimal energy loss.
           | 
           | I'm not sure how you solve for low-emissivity glass other
           | than not using it and designing your structure to limit
           | direct sunlight exposure for the window itself and use
           | shade/curtains/blinds for thermal control when needed.
           | 
           | 0: https://doi.org/10.32794/mr11250016
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | If this was the case people living far north should be in a
         | really bad spot for nearsightness.
         | 
         | Maybe it is that if pupils are outside they focus far away when
         | looking up, rather than sun light?
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | I think (weakly) the nearsightedness issue is indeed from not
           | exercising focusing rather than sunlight.
           | 
           | But apparently there is an issue where mothers with low
           | vitamin D in Scandinavia (especially immigrants from sunnier
           | places) are more likely to have autistic children.
        
             | nalllar wrote:
             | Anecdote, I started fidgeting by varying eye focus and
             | depth - can't get forced to sit still if your fidgeting is
             | barely perceptible - at a very young age and have the best
             | range of accomodation of anyone I know. Can also easily
             | perceive chromatic aberration/my eyes needing a different
             | focus setting for different wavelengths.
             | 
             | I'd love to know if some sort of focus training exercises
             | for eyes starting as children would help everyone.
        
           | gspr wrote:
           | Or maybe the effect takes years of sustained lack of light to
           | work, and northern summers compensate?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | bookofjoe wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/ZuYlY
        
       | kamaal wrote:
       | Pretty sure in the recent times COVID has worsened this. I do
       | exercise often these days. But its nothing like the morning
       | workout, lunch time socialising, and tea time walks with
       | colleagues before COVID.
       | 
       | These days apart from the workout in the morning I get no outdoor
       | activity, its just staring at every decreasing(sizes of) screens.
       | I'm showing early symptoms of Shortsightedness. Several other
       | colleagues tell me the same, there's also additional problem of
       | people getting obese staying at home.
       | 
       | Though schools have opened. Last two years were equally worse for
       | kids, no play, classes on smartphones and laptops.
       | 
       | Humans have not evolved to live like this.
        
       | 0dayz wrote:
       | This has me perplexed, if it has to do with sunlight, wouldn't
       | then Nordic countries have a very high level of shortsightedness?
        
         | kwhitefoot wrote:
         | Outdoor activities are very common in Norway winter and summer.
         | The skies are often quite clear too.
         | 
         | And, at least where I live, kindergartens have the children
         | playing outside most of the time, summer and winter, rain or
         | shine.
         | 
         | My impression is that short-sightedness is in fact rarer in
         | Norway than in the UK but it's not something I actually have
         | statistics for.
         | 
         | I fear that it might be changing now as so many children, boys
         | in particular, spend so much time using computers.
        
       | FollowingTheDao wrote:
       | Is dopamine playing a role? Like social media use on top of less
       | sunlight? Some of the genetics linked to myopia involve dopamine:
       | 
       | https://www.revieweducationgroup.com/ce/how-environment-and-...
       | 
       | "Some of the loci identified include those involved in dopamine
       | and light processing. These genetic findings provide further
       | support for mechanisms of myopia development involving light
       | exposure, defocus and contrast.
       | 
       | Despite these important findings informing potential genetic
       | locations and mechanisms of myopia development, these studies
       | have identified less than 5% of the variation in refractive error
       | due to genetic variants.42 Clearly, the dramatic rise in myopia
       | cannot be due to genetics alone, but is likely due to a
       | combination of both genetic susceptibility and increased
       | environmental triggers."
        
       | xapata wrote:
       | But too much sunlight will cause retinal damage. Damned if you
       | do, damned if you don't.
        
         | unbad505 wrote:
         | It isn't recommended to stare directly at the sun, and I think
         | the suggested amount to spend outside each day as a child to
         | prevent myopia is ~2 hours, but don't quote me on that.
        
       | cityzen wrote:
        
       | Aulig wrote:
       | Honestly, myopia is not complicated (Kepler pretty much had it
       | right in 1604 already). There's countless studies showing that
       | axial length (eyeball length) changes in both directions, where
       | elongation increases myopia. How do you change it? You get
       | defocus (blur) which makes the eye adjust in the direction to
       | reduce the blur.
       | 
       | Practically: use weaker (around 1.5 diopters) or no glasses
       | during close-up work (reading, computer work, smartphones) and
       | your regular or .25D weaker glasses for distance vision. Always
       | use your full strength glasses for driving and safety critical
       | activities.
       | 
       | You can expect around a .75D decrease in myopia per year.
       | Personally, I started with around -5.5D and am now (1.5 years
       | later) at -2.5D.
       | 
       | Obviously I didn't come up with this myself, there's a huge group
       | over at https://endmyopia.org
       | 
       | Don't get put off by the sarcastic tone of the website. Look into
       | the studies regarding axial length, pseudomyopia and lens induced
       | myopia if you'd like. You can find plenty of studies linked as
       | well as the practical steps on endmyopia. Note: You don't have to
       | buy the guy's courses, just read his blog and free email guide.
        
         | planarhobbit wrote:
         | Hard to believe after all these years EndMyopia is not only
         | being promoted on HN, but is consistently one of the most
         | upvoted things on the subject. I figured the pros here would
         | slice and dice and find issues with the research and
         | recommendations and explain in depth why it's snake oil (if it
         | is), but it's been a fairly forgiving topic.
        
           | alar44 wrote:
           | It's bullshit because there are a ton of reasons why you
           | would need corrective vision. This will work for a small
           | subset but for most will not. And for those who it does help,
           | they'll still need glasses. It's pointless.
        
             | Aulig wrote:
             | It's more likely that it works for a large majority. If you
             | were born myopic or had an accident or something similar,
             | yea it most likely wont work for you. But most myopes do
             | not fall in those categories. I'm very open to hearing your
             | arguments backing up your statement though.
        
               | alar44 wrote:
               | My arguments are that if that were the case, we'd already
               | be doing it. I work in the optical industry. To suggest
               | that opthalmologists just haven't figured this out yet is
               | just pants on head retarded, sorry.
        
               | kinjba11 wrote:
               | We live in a world where not long ago smoking was
               | considered fine by doctors. Where fat is demonized on
               | nutrition labels while obesity surges. Where leaded
               | gasoline was banned in gas not that long ago. Where a
               | dozen diseases are increasingly prevalent and we have no
               | idea why. To suggest that medicine hasn't figured
               | something out is completely sensible. It can be argued
               | that mRNA vaccine breakthroughs might not have happened
               | without COVID, before that we didn't have it figured out.
               | How many ophthalmologists are doing research, and how
               | many are doing their job and going home because research
               | doesn't pay? In every age many are convinced we've
               | reached the pinnacle of science and have everything
               | figured out, and that is pants on head retarded.
        
               | alar44 wrote:
               | There's just no evidence for it. It's that fucking
               | simple.
        
           | canjobear wrote:
           | There was some good discussion with experts here:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31360653
        
         | atombender wrote:
         | Is there a single step-by-step guide that shows what to do?
         | 
         | All I can find on that (frankly quite awful) site are ways to
         | sign up to a course by email, lots of podcast episodes,
         | testimonials for people that improved their eyesight, and
         | endless photos of what I assume is the site's creator. The
         | "Guides" page doesn't actually have any guides, just more of
         | the same.
         | 
         | From what I can tell, the guy really wants to _sell_ you a
         | course, but at the same time, they are all  "sold out".
        
         | nealabq wrote:
         | This probably works for most people. But I've used 2-diopter
         | weak glasses for the last 40 years, whenever I'm indoors. I
         | think it helped slow the worsening of progression of my
         | nearsightedness, but didn't stop it and certainly didn't
         | reverse it.
        
       | mattlondon wrote:
       | I wonder if indoor lighting at the appropriate temperature would
       | help prevent this?
       | 
       | In the UK we don't get a lot of sunlight in the winter months. It
       | would be nice to know that we can turn on a "sun lamp" or
       | whatever for homework time to help alleviate the issues.
        
         | stevebmark wrote:
         | Nope! Myopia isn't related to natural light. It's the eye
         | growing in response to over focusing in peripheral vision.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | Is it really an issue though? My glasses have saved me from
         | injuries to the eye multiple times by flying objects, I'm
         | actually thankful I have them.
        
         | eastbound wrote:
         | > In the UK we don't get a lot of sunlight in the winter months
         | 
         | Thus, are more people nearsighted in UK than in the South of
         | France?
        
       | kenbolton wrote:
       | I wore glasses for a few years in high school because I had
       | trouble seeing the blackboard from anywhere but the front row. I
       | started hiking and kayaking every day, especially in places where
       | I could see for many miles. I also migrated from CRT to LCD to
       | LED screens, and more recently to e-ink devices when possible.
       | Very fine print in a dark space is hard to read, but I can read a
       | moving US license plate from six blocks away. Yesterday I
       | recognized a friend a mile and a half away by their paddle-
       | stroke. I am able to differentiate a bald eagle from an osprey at
       | two miles based on the shape of the wings, and see a fish in
       | talons at about a mile. (Friday I observed an osprey dive, catch
       | a fish, head towards the nest, then get chased for thirty minutes
       | by a bald eagle. Nasty, opportunistic birds, bald eagles. I get
       | why Benjamin Franklin held them in such contempt. I lost the pair
       | when they went behind a mountain about three miles away.) In
       | speaking with ophthalmologists, there is wide support for my
       | hypothesis that the near-daily outdoor activity and frequent
       | change of focal distance-from a nautical chart on my foredeck to
       | the bow wave of a tanker eight miles out-has preserved and likely
       | improved my vision. The data: 20/20 in primary school, 20/23 in
       | high school, 20/20 during my higher education, and 20/13 and
       | improving as I approach retirement. A fun trick is to describe an
       | approaching vessel before others have seen it.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | This makes me wonder: is there a lens that you could use
         | instead of glasses that will make your computer screen appear
         | as if it is further away? Could it help people regain their
         | far-sight?
        
       | mrkramer wrote:
       | I usually don't agree with The Economist but I agree with them on
       | this one, people spend too much time indoor and that's why there
       | is an epidemic of shortsightedness.
       | 
       | I would actually call it pandemic because it is affecting all
       | developed countries because majority of their workforce works
       | indoor and then goes home or to the gym....again indoor
       | environment.
        
         | teknopaul wrote:
         | I heard it said that it's lack of UV that does the damage,
         | glass filters out UV. Sounds like it might be a resolvable
         | problem without having kids take class outdoor.
        
           | unbad505 wrote:
           | Not a lack of Ultra Violet light, but a lack of Violet light,
           | which also needs to be quite bright in order to have a proper
           | effect.
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8179197/
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5233810/
        
       | mrbonner wrote:
       | I paid nearly $1500 for my kid myopia treatment plan: specialized
       | drop, checkin every 2 months. Nothing helps. They now recommend I
       | do contacts for my 9 year old and I kindly say hell no. I think
       | this is scammy at best.
        
       | silisili wrote:
       | I feel like this has always been a rather obvious thing...for at
       | least what nearly a century or more? The whole trope of glasses
       | are for nerds. Kids who spend time reading a ton are nearsighted.
       | I understood this in elementary school, when the only kids with
       | glasses were the smart ones. (I hated reading, and did not wear
       | glasses, so was not a 'smart one').
       | 
       | I became nearsighted not long after getting a home computer, for
       | similar reasons. My father, an avid farmer and naturist, is
       | farsighted. It seems pretty obvious your eyes adjust to whatever
       | you spend all day looking at.
       | 
       | That all said, is it bad? Mine was cured with a rather cheap PRK
       | procedure...and I sure wouldn't give up all I've learned for
       | perfect natural eyesight.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | If you don't read, you don't need glasses. If you don't use
         | glasses and need them, you end up not reading and end up having
         | trouble in school - being treated as dumb.
        
         | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
         | It was kind of common knowledge that something related to being
         | a nerd was causing myopia, but I'd say most people assumed that
         | the culprits were things like reading and screens, rather than
         | being indoors.
         | 
         | Hindsight is 20/20.
        
           | mattlondon wrote:
           | I often thought that glasses and people who do a lot of
           | reading etc was a side effect rather than a cause - i.e. that
           | people who read more noticed they needed glasses and we're
           | happy to wear them, but kids who would rather do sports
           | perhaps didn't notice so much and/or were less inclined to
           | wear glasses when playing cricket or whatever
        
           | silisili wrote:
           | I replied elsewhere...I disagree that light type is the
           | culprit. If so, why do people in areas without electricity
           | become myopic? That strongly feels like correlation rather
           | than causation at its finest.
           | 
           | My brother and I were kids with mostly similar habits. We
           | spent a lot playing outside, but he loved reading his
           | Goosebump books, while I mainly watched TV at a distance. He
           | needed glasses as a kid, and I didn't until we got a computer
           | in my teen years. It completely feels like it's a focusing
           | distance issue.
        
             | gcbirzan wrote:
             | You disagree with science based on a 'feeling'. Myopia in
             | children is what we're talking about, and sunlight exposure
             | is not the only factor. Similarly, having similar habits
             | doesn't mean you will get the same result.
        
               | silisili wrote:
               | I get your point, I'm not going to tell you I'm right.
               | 
               | But realize the article says 'researchers think' and
               | 'evidence suggests.' Far from proven science. If it's
               | more firmly established, I'll gladly admit I'm wrong.
        
             | doliveira wrote:
             | The reasoning is supposed to be statistical, so your
             | counterpoint "why do people in areas without electricity
             | become myopic" doesn't even make sense. A proper
             | counterpoint would be "people in areas without electricity
             | have the same chance of being myopic as people in areas
             | with electricity", and well, data seems pretty clear they
             | don't.
        
         | gcbirzan wrote:
         | But that's not happens, it's not that your eyes get adjusted to
         | only seeing things closer, rather they don't develop well
         | unless they are exposed to sunlight. Which just goes to prove
         | it hasn't really been obvious all along.
        
         | Lio wrote:
         | This is very anecdotal.
         | 
         | I've been using computers since I was 4 years old, starting
         | with a Commodore PET.
         | 
         | I'm longsighted, so what do I draw from that?
         | 
         | Only that we should use stats properly lest we become
         | superstitious.
        
           | GordonS wrote:
           | As another single data point, I started using a Commodore 64
           | when I was 5 years old, and have been besotted with computers
           | ever since.
           | 
           | 35 years on, and my eyesight somehow still remains fine - I'm
           | slightly short sighted in one eye, slightly long sighted in
           | the other (how does that even happen?!), but opticians always
           | say I don't need glasses.
           | 
           | I think you're right - there are simply way too many factors
           | to control for, and statistics is the way.
        
       | just-tom wrote:
       | As I suggested in the past, it would be helpful to add [PAYWALL]
       | before or after titles for links that have a paywall.
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | Well, it's The Economist, very evident in the title line (it
         | would be news if they removed the protection). And,
         | incidentally but importantly, it uses a "payfence", not really
         | a paywall.
        
       | tominous wrote:
       | Almost all children are born hypermetropic (far-sighted). The
       | growth of the eyeball is calibrated by the amount of defocus
       | (blur) experienced. More defocus, more growth, which reduces
       | hypermetropia.
       | 
       | My hypothesis is that less sunlight means wider pupils and more
       | defocus (contrast to a pinhole camera), so more eye growth.
       | 
       | Even with perfect eyesight, there's a 2-diopter difference
       | between focussing blue light and red light due to chromatic
       | aberration. Only narrow pupils can reduce this blur in white
       | light.
       | 
       | I'm also curious whether older TVs with big blurry pixels (or low
       | res images upscaled and smeared onto newer screens) trigger the
       | same mechanism. These days I certainly feel physically
       | uncomfortable looking at media like that, like my eyes aren't
       | focussing quite right.
       | 
       | The other problem is that once eyes have grown too long and are
       | myopic (near-sighted) they experience even more defocus and grow
       | more. See for example [1] which discusses how _under-correction_
       | of myopia accelerates progression.
       | 
       | [1] https://reviewofmm.com/does-the-undercorrection-of-myopia-
       | in...
        
         | Hellicio wrote:
         | Mine is genetic.
         | 
         | I have very similiar values than my mother.
         | 
         | So i'mnot sure if / how your theory is correct or not.
         | 
         | Also there are a lot of normal people in the world who live
         | outside and also don't have perfect eye sight at all. This goes
         | back a long time.
         | 
         | Can you also elaborate on your 2 diopter difference between red
         | and blue light? For one i find that number very very big but
         | i'm very good in seeing full color without any chromatic
         | aberration.
         | 
         | The effect of your theory would need to be less relevant than
         | other factors.
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | Genes can cause or prevent myopia. However, genes do not
           | spread rapidly and therefore cannot cause an epidemic.
           | Obviously environmental factors are the major cause.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > Mine is genetic.
           | 
           | > I have very simil[a]r values than my mother.
           | 
           | Well, everything is genetic. The amount of sunlight you're
           | exposed to is no less a genetic effect than how tall you grow
           | to be. Without genes, you wouldn't have any behaviors or
           | phenotypes at all.
           | 
           | So the interesting question is not "is this phenomenon
           | genetic?", because the answer to that is always "yes". The
           | interesting question is "what can influence this
           | phenomenon?". In this case, we already know that (1) within a
           | given culture, genetics are a strong predictor for myopia;
           | and (2) once you do a cross-cultural comparison, the effect
           | of culture absolutely overwhelms genetic measurements. Most
           | people who become nearsighted in modern cultures would never
           | become nearsighted in premodern cultures.
        
             | throwaway202022 wrote:
             | This is 100% true. Genetic predisposition to something !=
             | inevitability.
        
               | jamal-kumar wrote:
               | All of my immediate family members need glasses but me,
               | which is pretty interesting.
        
               | tchvil wrote:
               | My wife is -3 myopic, I'm -6 from childhood. And our 3
               | kids of 19, 17 and 10, have all a perfect sight.
               | 
               | They went outside often but nothing extreme. We have big
               | luminous windows. And they spend a fair amount of time on
               | screens too.
               | 
               | It can be so multifactorial, I have no idea why this
               | luck. As I was convinced they would all wear glasses.
        
           | tominous wrote:
           | Not denying that there are many ways in which development can
           | go wrong, whether that's genetic or the environment. What I'm
           | responding to is the sudden change seen in many populations
           | as per the article.
           | 
           | Re: the chromatic aberration spread, see e.g.
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3716229/
           | 
           | They measured 1.82 diopters between 420nm and 660nm. Visible
           | light is a bit wider, 380nm to 720nm, so 2 diopters is about
           | right.
           | 
           | You easily can see this in a dark data centre. If your vision
           | is perfectly corrected (which normally means perfect for red-
           | green light) you won't be able to focus on a blue LED unless
           | you are about 50cm away.
        
             | californical wrote:
             | Huh, I always wondered why blue LEDs that were further away
             | would be hard to look at & make me dizzy, that's crazy!
        
         | jeffreyrogers wrote:
         | Something like this is beginning to be accepted. At least
         | that's the impression I got from the eye doctor when I had PRK
         | surgery. FWIW I had 20/15 vision until starting college and
         | consequently being indoors in the dark much more often (staying
         | up late to program).
        
       | geoffmanning wrote:
       | I read the title and immediately agreed, but i had misinterpreted
       | "short-sightedness" as the inability to consider the long-term
       | effects of our choices and habits, at least to the effect of
       | making positive changes, rather than the ocular deficiency.
        
         | baron816 wrote:
         | The Economist has another article this week that's basically
         | about that: https://www.economist.com/united-
         | states/2022/06/09/miamis-su.... It's about Miami and how local,
         | county, State, and Federal governments are just totally
         | incapable of planning long term for climate change.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tharne wrote:
         | > I read the title and immediately agreed, but i had
         | misinterpreted "short-sightedness" as the inability to consider
         | the long-term effects of our choices and habits
         | 
         | I had the exact same reaction, and was genuinely surprised when
         | I clicked through.
        
         | xiamx wrote:
         | Same. And opening the page and seeing that it talks about
         | myopia is a surprise
        
         | mathgeek wrote:
         | First I have ever encountered the term used in this context.
         | Have always understood it to be near-sightedness, but that may
         | just be cultural.
        
           | jacobolus wrote:
           | _Short-sighted_ , _near-sighted_ , and _myopic_ mean the same
           | thing. Both _short-sighted_ and _myopic_ are often used
           | figuratively (to mean acting on short-term interests without
           | considering long-term effects) while _near-sighted_ seldom
           | is.
        
         | productk wrote:
         | The same, only reason I clicked the link.
        
         | qiskit wrote:
        
           | DharmaPolice wrote:
           | The Economist is a British publication and in the UK we use
           | "shortsighted" more than "nearsighted"
           | 
           | E.g. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/short-sightedness/
        
             | qiskit wrote:
             | Don't care. It's a global publication. America sets the
             | standard in english so use the standard. That goes for
             | spelling 'favor/labor/etc' correctly.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > I guess the geniuses at the economist don't know the
           | difference between being shortsighted and being nearsighted
           | 
           | It's funny when people who speak American mock the British
           | for speaking English instead.
        
         | higgins wrote:
         | Strategic title to get more clicks
        
         | lemoncucumber wrote:
         | How myopic of you
        
       | kosyblysk666 wrote:
       | no, the real epidemic is MENTAL shortsightedness
        
       | underwater wrote:
       | My child is following in my footsteps and has been prescribed
       | glasses for nearsightedness. Her optometrist told us she should
       | be watching TV rather than reading books. This was both
       | surprising and upsetting, especially since she loves reading.
       | 
       | This lead me on an interesting deep dive into existing research.
       | What surprised me were the massive gaps in understanding.
       | Scientist have _at best_ established correlation between close up
       | work and nearsightedness, and a negative correlation with
       | spending time outside. The actual mechanism in play is unknown,
       | for example the theories about sunlight are still untested. The
       | specific types of close up work that cause issues is unknown.
       | Some scientists have proposed that it 's the contrast between
       | white pages and black text that actually causes issues with
       | reading.
       | 
       | My conclusion was that anyone who confidently asserts that $x
       | causes nearsightedness is wrong (this thread is a case in point).
        
         | trashface wrote:
         | After being diagnosed with glaucoma I did a fair amount reading
         | about that condition. My conclusion is that aside from some
         | specific cases (head/eye injury) nobody really knows what
         | causes it, there are probably multiple reasons, it could be a
         | downstream effect from other health problems, and there just
         | isn't a lot of research to sort it out.
         | 
         | Cynically, I feel like there is a lot of money being made just
         | by treating eye disorders the same way its been done for
         | decades. For example, right now, the main treatment I use for
         | glaucoma is eye drops, which is the same treatment given to my
         | grandmother when she was diagnosed in the 1960s. And those
         | drops are not covered by insurance, rather expensive, and I
         | have to take them every day forever, along with twice a year
         | eye exams and visual field tests.
        
         | nealabq wrote:
         | In my nearsighted family (parents, 2 kids) we've concluded that
         | reading printed-pages makes you get nearsighted faster than
         | reading words on a computer screen.
         | 
         | This seems to work for us. Don't know about anyone else. I'm
         | very nearsighted (-14 diopters), but I grew up reading books on
         | paper.
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | Cast ebook to TV.
        
         | lukeschlather wrote:
         | I'm not going to speculate on the exact cause but I'm
         | comfortable saying children should have 2-3 recess periods
         | outside totalling at least an hour (preferably 2 or 3) and that
         | the recess periods should be structured to ensure that children
         | spend time focusing on a variety of things at a variety of
         | distances. There's certainly a possibility this won't have the
         | intended effect but it will doubtlessly have a lot of net good
         | effects assuming air quality cooperates.
        
         | Projectiboga wrote:
         | Sunlight onbthe retina helps form Serotonin. Has to be direct
         | or through eyelids, not through any glass. A doctor told me a
         | leading theory about how outside time helps is by shifting
         | focus from faraway to close and back. So look at things up at
         | top of buildings or upper canopy of trees then into some nearby
         | detail back and forth my. It's a kind of excersize for eye
         | focus. My son's eyes have held close to 20/20 into High School.
         | We have good views for this from our apartment. I've taught him
         | to check cornices and close details as he walks to and from
         | school.
        
       | atlgator wrote:
       | Read the headline and thought the article would be about
       | something different. How ironic.
        
       | mikewarot wrote:
       | Pet peeve about language use:
       | 
       | I thought it was obvious that short-sightedness (Exclusively
       | Short term thinking) is an epidemic, nobody on Wall Street can
       | see past the next Quarter's numbers. I don't need the economist
       | to point that out.
       | 
       | Nearsightedness is what this article is about... a completely
       | different thing. I've dealt with that my entire life... and just
       | went through the knock-on effect of retina detachment, and
       | surgery to correct the same. Having a bubble of C3F8 gas in your
       | one good eye is pretty damned effective at taking you out of
       | commission for about 4 months. Looking down hurts! I hope to be
       | up and about, and able to drive again by the start of September,
       | once the bubble has gone, my eye has stabilized, the surgeon has
       | made a final check, and finally after I get new glasses.
       | 
       | I strongly suspect the amount of light outdoors is NOT really the
       | issue. If you're always focused on things close at hand (as the
       | above mentioned folks on wall street), you never allow the eyes
       | to focus on the far horizon for an appreciable fraction of the
       | time.
       | 
       | I'm surprised to learn that there's no consensus on how the eye
       | actually focuses on objects at various distances[1]. It is also
       | well know that the smaller an iris in a camera (or eye), the
       | larger the range of distances that appear in focus. It seems
       | reasonable to me that if you spend your time looking at only
       | nearby objects (like above mentioned Wall Street residents),
       | you'll lose the ability to see things further out that might be
       | coming to get you.
       | 
       | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_(eye)
        
         | danielfoster wrote:
         | I also made the same mistake and assumed the article was about
         | shortsighted thinking. But I've also always found the term
         | "nearsighted" to be very confusing as well. I always confuse
         | the meaning with "farsighted," ie not being able to see things
         | near you.
        
         | Angostura wrote:
         | Would that pet peeve be regarding British publications using
         | British English? https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/short-
         | sightedness/
        
         | bigmealbigmeal wrote:
         | > _I strongly suspect the amount of light outdoors is NOT
         | really the issue. If you 're always focused on things close at
         | hand (as the above mentioned folks on wall street), you never
         | allow the eyes to focus on the far horizon for an appreciable
         | fraction of the time._
         | 
         | Then you need to read more on the matter.
         | 
         | Studies on chicks, tree shrews and rhesus monkeys show that
         | simply increasing the amount of indoor light intensity has a
         | protective effect on myopia. Scientists can induce more myopia
         | in chicks simply by reducing light intensity. See
         | https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2164963
         | and
         | https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2355431
         | 
         | The leading hypothesis is that light stimulates the release of
         | dopamine in the retina, and the dopamine blocks the elongation
         | of the eye during development. One study showed that injecting
         | a dopamine-inhbiting drug into the eyes of chicks abolished the
         | protective effect of bright light, and myopia increased. See
         | https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2126968
         | 
         | Your particular confidence on this ("strongly suspect") bothers
         | me because it has an influence on others, yet it is totally
         | ignorant of what current scientific findings suggest.
        
           | mikewarot wrote:
           | All of the experiments you mentioned happened indoors. How
           | can you have far field (> 100 meters distant) objects inside
           | a laboratory? None of those experiments rule out my
           | hypothesis.
        
           | cassandratt wrote:
           | Does it? This isn't a scientific journal, nor is this a hard
           | science forum. So the expectations that a layman conform to
           | the standards of a field to have a conversation about a
           | fairly esoteric subject is asinine.
           | 
           | I can't know the top science in every field, so that bars me
           | from discussion, lest I be slammed for having a thought.
           | 
           | This isn't just anti-science, it's ignorant of social
           | interactions, and the conversations that lead to greater
           | understanding. You aren't nearly as smart as you think you
           | are.
        
         | itsoktocry wrote:
         | > _nobody on Wall Street can see past the next Quarter 's
         | numbers. I don't need the economist to point that out._
         | 
         | This funny to read on a tech oriented website.
         | 
         | I agree that the quarter by quarter financial goals _can_ be a
         | "shortsighted", and I think the problem is even worse when it
         | comes to the 4 year political cycle (2 years if you consider
         | the fact the Houses can change hands).
         | 
         | But Wall Street is _still_ filled to the brim with public
         | companies espousing some future fantasy profits that may or may
         | not _ever_ come. We are as far away from shortsightedness there
         | as we 've ever been. One only has to looks at ARKK research to
         | see this.
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | From an optical perspective, focusing on something a few meters
         | away is basically infinity for the eye. Even indoors you do
         | that a lot, which makes the "focus close -> loose infinity"
         | theory less plausible compared to light levels, which we know
         | have a very significant impact on the whole body. Focusing very
         | closely all the time (again, optically speaking, a screen 1
         | meter away is closer to infinitely far away than to a
         | smartphone in the face) might do and explain something.
        
         | msk-lywenn wrote:
         | I have very bad eyesight too. May I ask what is your
         | correction? (Not sure it's the proper word in English, but the
         | thing measured in dioptres?)
        
           | CydeWeys wrote:
           | Not him, but myopia is the correct medical term. It only has
           | one meaning, whereas "short-sighted" has a widely used
           | metaphorical meaning that it is easily confused with.
        
             | teamonkey wrote:
             | 'Myopic' is certainly used to describe short-term thinking
             | or a restricted viewpoint
        
             | shellac wrote:
             | From very start of the article: "Leaders | What to do about
             | myopia".
             | 
             | However 'myopic' is certainly used metaphorically. This is
             | one of those cases where you just have to read the article.
        
               | mattnewton wrote:
               | I would find "Near sightedness less ambiguous, in
               | American English at least. I can't remember having heard
               | that used for anything other than a physical difficulty
               | to focus your eyes at longer distances.
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | msk wanted to know thethe guy's prescription
        
         | xioxox wrote:
         | Short-sightedness is the eye problem in British English:
         | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/short-sightedness/ We also use
         | long-sightedness.
        
           | veltas wrote:
           | Funny you say that because I'm British and only hear and say
           | "near-sightedness". I certainly wouldn't be offended by
           | "short-sighted" but instead confused because it has dual
           | meanings.
        
             | dhzhzjsbevs wrote:
             | It's not really a dual meaning, shortsighted in relation to
             | thinking is a metaphor.
        
           | ricardo81 wrote:
           | Yes, that's the definition I've always held. Had 20-20 vision
           | but through working online (and likely smoking) my vision is
           | not 20-20 any more. Short sighted, long sighted - is a bit
           | counter intuitive but covers it.
        
         | alexalx666 wrote:
         | It's very true that there is nothing to focus on that is
         | further than the next tall building in that area, add it to
         | looking at the screen like its life or death all day
        
         | robinduckett wrote:
         | This feeds into my pet peeve that Americans assume the world
         | revolves around them and that all use of non American English
         | is invalid despite the stereotype being that British English
         | speaking people are worse for this.
        
           | inopinatus wrote:
           | I believe there is a Will Self story in which a geological
           | probe reaches the Earth's core and finds the compressed
           | remains of an American around whom the planet is in fact
           | revolving.
        
           | starkd wrote:
           | You need not be disturbed by this. Every nation/culture tends
           | to think in terms of the world "revolving" around them. A
           | people need a frame of reference to view the world that is
           | provided by one's culture. I don't think the OP intented to
           | treat British English as inferior or invalid.
        
           | jaqalopes wrote:
           | It's not so much invalid as confusing. For Americans to call
           | someone "shortsighted" has a well-known usage and negative
           | connotation about their intellectual integrity. As someone
           | who had never encountered the British usage prior to this
           | headline, I don't think it's out of line to remark on this as
           | a weird curiosity of our shared (but also frequently as in
           | this case not shared) language.
        
             | peoplefromibiza wrote:
             | the definition it's literally in every American dictionary
             | though
        
         | JoBrad wrote:
         | I am from the US, and have heard "shortsighted" used as a
         | synonym for "myopia" all my life. "Nearsighted" is more common,
         | but not exclusive to non-US English. Wikipedia backs up the
         | idea that they are all synonyms, as well.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia
        
         | peoplefromibiza wrote:
         | > Pet peeve about language use
         | 
         | My first thought was about shortsightedness as the medical
         | issue.
         | 
         | because that's what the term means
         | 
         |  _short-sightedness_
         | 
         |  _noun: shortsightedness_
         | 
         |  _the quality of being short-sighted; inability to see things
         | clearly unless they are relatively close to the eyes._
         | 
         | AKA _myopia_
        
         | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | _moof wrote:
         | _> I thought it was obvious that short-sightedness (Exclusively
         | Short term thinking) is an epidemic, nobody on Wall Street can
         | see past the next Quarter 's numbers. I don't need the
         | economist to point that out. Nearsightedness is what this
         | article is about... a completely different thing._
         | 
         | Is it ironic or just poetic that this is a myopic take on the
         | meaning of the word "shortsighted"?
        
         | martyvis wrote:
         | Sorry, but in Australian English, those with myopia are always
         | referred to as being short-sighted. The metaphor, having lack
         | of foresight, is also referred to by the same expression.
        
       | eastbound wrote:
       | Why can we have 2-lense glasses that move the focus to infinity?
       | 
       | ELI5: In opticals, "rays" coming from a near object (=mobile
       | phone) are angled, while rays coming from afar (=end of a
       | landscape) are parallel. The job of pupils is to bend the rays
       | from the focal point ahead to the focal point on the receptors in
       | the eye. The eye is a rest when looking afar, because rays come
       | parallel, and thus there isn't much to do. The eye is strained
       | when trying to focus one something closer.
       | 
       | I've always wondered why we all had that UV filter on screens and
       | never took care of making the rays from the computer screen
       | parallel, using a lense.
        
         | tmplurkr wrote:
         | How would it work? Where would you put the two lenses?
         | Consider:
         | 
         | - You can't really have two lenses cemented together. That'll
         | correct for chromatic aberration but, other than that, the
         | lenses would behave as one (except for deviations from thin
         | lens approx.)
         | 
         | - You can't have glasses mounting two lenses "d" apart for two
         | reasons. 1) Having parallel lenses would terribly
         | uncomfortable, heavy, and awkward 2) More importantly your eye
         | and the two lenses would never be aligned (as soon as you move
         | your focus away from the one spot the glasses were aligned for,
         | the optical system performance would collapse)
         | 
         | - The best you could do, then, is contact lenses + eyeglasses.
         | But then you have all the bother of wearing glasses and
         | eyeglasses. Also, it's not obvious to me it would work since
         | the contact lenses are in contact with your cornea, the pair
         | behaving like a single lens.
        
           | mgdlbp wrote:
           | I think GP is mistaken about two physical lenses being needed
           | (until it's the future and we're all wearing expensive smart
           | glasses, in which case you do want an additional
           | interchangeable lens for this purpose). When _designing_ the
           | system, it can be thought of as a lens that corrects for
           | refractive error of the relaxed eye (moving the eye 's far
           | point to infinity) stacked on top of another lens that makes
           | light coming from an object parallel (producing an image of
           | the object at infinity for the first lens and eye to
           | receive); to _implement_ it, you only need one lens with the
           | combined power of the two.
           | 
           | Edit: GP might also be talking about eyeglasses with
           | adjustable focus, which apparently are already available.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjustable-focus_eyeglasses
        
         | occamrazor wrote:
         | Assuming that it's technically practical, the results would be
         | very unsettling: the phone screen would look like a window with
         | the content "behind " the window, very far away.
        
           | saurik wrote:
           | I doubt that effect would be very strong as the effect of a
           | magic eye massively dominates any feeling we have to notice
           | that our eyes aren't having to do as much of whatever you'd
           | call this lensing work.
        
             | eastbound wrote:
             | ...But geometric aberrations might be annoying: The image
             | is perfect in the center but blurry/rainbowed 10deg from
             | the center, etc.
        
         | mjay23 wrote:
         | I think you get the effect you desire by wearing glasses with +
         | when in front of a computer. anecdote: i started with -0.5
         | (10-15 years ago), per ophthalmologist "advice" wore glasses
         | all the time (including computer), got to -1.75. then one
         | summer spent some time without any glasses (just because i
         | wanted to use the sunglasses) and at the end of the summer the
         | vision went back to -1.50. This got me thinking that wearing
         | glasses all the time is not that good. 4 months ago started to
         | experiment, no glasses all the time and +0.5 when in front of
         | the computer. Started with -1.25, and now I am at -0.50/-0.75
         | ... take it as you want.
        
         | geeB wrote:
         | You can do that cheaply by picking up a pair of reading
         | glasses, or glasses with lower power if you are already
         | nearsighted. Roughly, infinity will be at 1/diopters in meters,
         | so +0.5 glasses will make 2m away at infinity, +1.0 at 1m, and
         | so on, and similarly if you are at -3, -2.5 will make 2m
         | infinity, etc. It's not exact because they are not thin lenses
         | and there is a separation between lens and eye, but it should
         | be pretty close.
         | 
         | I've been using one less diopter correction for a while most of
         | the time, with an additional pair of glasses with the full
         | prescription for driving. Not sure if it does anything or my
         | nearsightedness just naturally stopped progressing though, but
         | since it's working and not bothering me I have no interest in
         | finding out.
        
         | mgdlbp wrote:
         | You and I and a few others around the web all have had this
         | idea of making screens look farther away, by changing focus
         | with positive lenses and and binocular convergence using
         | prisms. I actually wrote this comment with the math for
         | determining the required prescription (since you can simply
         | order them online) just a month ago.[1] I then found that the
         | concept isn't uncommon when I discovered an older comment with
         | the same idea, which I've misplaced, but a search turns up
         | another thread revealing that this already exists as a product
         | marketed for gaming.[2]
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31349629
         | 
         | [2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21742229
        
           | sbf501 wrote:
           | Around 1995 I wrote a DirectDraw text-editor that would
           | render two images and force you to defocus your eyes like the
           | op-art-3d puzzles: making the viewer have to focus far away.
           | It worked for images but not for reading small text.
        
           | JackMorgan wrote:
           | You might enjoy checking out https://endmyopia.org/
           | 
           | There's calculators on his site also for astigmatism. I think
           | also a list of optometrists who will understand if you want
           | weaker lenses.
        
             | mgdlbp wrote:
             | Good info on refractive error there, though I don't see
             | much on prism lenses used for this purpose. While
             | searching, I did discover this book, the _Myopia Manual_ ,
             | which they're hosting a copy of. It looks quite thorough
             | and does have a chapter on using prisms to match vergence
             | with accommodation in plus lenses. The book also has its
             | own site http://www.myopia-manual.de/
             | 
             | I also found an older myopia submission where a comment
             | links several related sites.[1] frauenfeldclinic.com now
             | redirects to endmyopia.org; archive.org confirms that the
             | old domain was the same site, but oddly the new domain has
             | an exclusion applied. As one reply noted, myopia.org really
             | is an excellent display of the Time Cube design
             | language.[2]
             | 
             | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9230093
             | 
             | [2] http://www.myopia.org/conspirators.htm
        
               | Aulig wrote:
               | There's people in the endmyopia forum using base in prism
               | with their plus lenses - look for espantoso and nycmao :)
               | 
               | Personally, I just use plus lenses without prism.
        
       | drited wrote:
       | I'm hopeful that the shift to VR from PC gaming and perhaps also
       | office productivity will help with myopia. Might seem counter-
       | intuitive given the VR lens is next to the eye but focus in VR is
       | in the distance. Even productivity in VR is usually done on huge
       | screens further away from the user than traditions pc screens.
        
       | hk1337 wrote:
       | The different usage of words and their meanings in English is
       | interesting and makes me think this weird miscommunication is why
       | we have so many arguments. In my everyday, the article would be
       | referring to nearsightedness, short sighted would be when someone
       | doesn't think through all the possible things, lacking foresight.
       | By definition it's both but in every day use it's not.
        
         | ultra_nick wrote:
         | Homographs are a pain for natural language processing.
         | 
         | Homophones are a pain for us bad spellers.
        
         | martyvis wrote:
         | In everyday use in this part of the world you never hear the
         | word near-sighted. In Australia and I think a lot of other
         | British English countries, short-sighted is the plain English
         | term for myopic. (But the thing is most of us know that the US
         | uses the other term)
        
         | zymhan wrote:
         | Yeah, given that this is an Economist article, I assumed they
         | meant "lack of foresight", since they often write similar
         | titles
        
           | wrycoder wrote:
           | That's the article I was expecting, also. Lack of foresight
           | these days is a serious problem - with the mis-education
           | current in the US, the younger cohorts are losing the
           | historical perspective developed so painfully over the last
           | four thousand years. What to do is not so important as what
           | not to do.
        
       | ldx1024 wrote:
       | It may just be a pet peeve, but it rankles me a bit when the term
       | "epidemic" is used to describe widespread conditions that are not
       | communicable/infectuous. Looking at the dictionary it appears the
       | usage here is legitimate, but my guess would be that it is a
       | misuse that has become accepted, like using the term "begging the
       | question" to mean suggesting the question.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | Given that it was used this way consistently for over hundred
         | years including back in Homer text, one could argue it is not
         | misuse at all.
         | 
         | Medicine started to use already existing word, which is fine,
         | but it does not mean original meaning must be erased.
        
           | mdp2021 wrote:
           | The medical use is not strictly tied to infection, as the OP
           | would have expected. In Hippocrates, "epidemic" vs "endemic"
           | is akin to "temporary" vs "permanent".
           | 
           | Please do also see the sibling post from member 'one-more-
           | minute'.
        
         | lock-the-spock wrote:
         | I don't know about shortsightedness but for instance obesity is
         | a legitimate epidemic. Whipe it is behavioural it is well known
         | that social groups influence each other on this, so like a
         | virus it spreads between people. The same may be true for
         | shortsightedness too to some degree.
        
         | one-more-minute wrote:
         | Epidemiologists study health at the population level in
         | general, not just communicable diseases. So at least in that
         | sense the "epidemi-" prefix isn't limited to infection. Is
         | there any better term for a health issue with rapidly
         | increasing prevalence?
         | 
         | A dictionary of medicine from 1882 suggests that common usage
         | of the word has become more narrow, not less, and that there
         | was some level of debate about the technical meaning [1].
         | Stedman's Medical Dictionary (1920) gives a more modern
         | definition, "a disease attacking nearly simultaneously a large
         | number of people", without restriction to infectious diseases.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/A_Dictionary_of_Medic...
        
         | HidyBush wrote:
         | >but it rankles me a bit when the term "epidemic" is used to
         | describe widespread conditions that are not
         | communicable/infectuous
         | 
         | but short sightedness caused by lack of sunlight exposure _is_
         | infectuous.
         | 
         | why do you think kids are being kept at home? because of their
         | parents. and why do the parents keep them at home? because of a
         | cultural and societal shift in behavior. and why is this shift
         | happening? because some ideas floating around have infected a
         | large enough number of people.
         | 
         | human ideas (or memes if you like) are _precisely_ like
         | viruses, and if short-sightedness is caused by some ideas being
         | spread then it 's no different than it being an actual virally
         | caused disease.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | All novel linguistic constructs are 'misuses' in some sense or
         | another that have become accepted.
         | 
         | In this case that's not so though, the etymology is from the
         | Greek '(upon|near|against) the people, and does not necessarily
         | refer only to disease.
        
           | Asraelite wrote:
           | Etymology in interesting, but has almost zero relevance in
           | determining how acceptable a use of a word is.
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | You should probably leave it to the Academies, given that
             | others take the opposite general stance.
             | 
             | What the server /accepts/ is left to configuration (some
             | still recommend, "Strict in formulating the output, loose
             | in interpreting the input"). What is "legitimate" is
             | another matter, and will have to consider the term's
             | curriculum, also because other proposals are faulty (e.g.
             | conventionalism: "/whose/ convention?").
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | That's precisely the point of the first line of my comment.
        
               | Asraelite wrote:
               | Oh sorry, I misinterpreted.
        
           | ldx1024 wrote:
           | The term does appear to have a long history. This source
           | states that using it as a term for widespread non-infectuous
           | conditions is relatively recent:
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3373038/#!po=96.
           | ..
        
         | occamschainsaw wrote:
         | I agree, the usage of the word "epidemic" has become an
         | epidemic.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | When I was a kid, we had a "no TV when the sun is up" rule. That
       | included computer screens, which were literally TVs when I was a
       | kid. Of course I violated that rule when my parents weren't
       | looking, but for the most part I spent a lot of time playing
       | outside, especially in summer.
       | 
       | This is of course anecdotal, but I'm 45 and still don't need
       | glasses.
       | 
       | I'm trying to do the same with my kids, but sometimes it's just
       | too easy to hand them an iPad when I want to get something
       | done....
        
         | lisper wrote:
         | When I was a kid we didn't have a computer. Home computers
         | didn't exist until I was in my teens. We had one 12-inch black-
         | and-white TV that received four channels when the rabbit ears
         | were set up properly. I spent a lot of time outdoors.
         | 
         | This is of course anecdotal, but I have needed glasses since
         | before fifth grade.
         | 
         | (I got my first pair of glasses in fifth grade, but in
         | retrospect it was clear that I needed them much earlier. I can
         | still vividly remember the first I ever tried on my new glasses
         | and being astounded at the level of visual detail that existed
         | in the world. Stars! Leaves on trees! Wow! I had no idea.)
        
         | wrycoder wrote:
         | When I was a kid, we didn't have TV, and computers had just
         | been invented.
         | 
         | But, I read a lot, often in bed at close distance, and I was
         | astigmatic and near-sighted when I was young. Now, I'm mostly
         | just astigmatic and presbyoptic.
        
       | fillerInk wrote:
       | Not just with light, spending more time indoors means kids don't
       | have to focus their eyes on longer distances these days. There
       | would be a correlation between the amount of time spent indoors
       | during the formative years and the chances of becoming myopic in
       | the future.
        
         | silisili wrote:
         | Agreed. My wife had no electricity for her child life, but is
         | nearsighted... probably from reading books all the time as a
         | kid. I don't believe that light has anything to do with it.
        
           | stevenhuang wrote:
           | You don't think reading in a low light environment has
           | anything to do with it...?
        
             | stevebmark wrote:
             | It's not related to light, it's related to over focusing,
             | especially in peripheral vision. Keeping things close to
             | the face keeps things in focus, making the eye thinking
             | it's over focused, so it grows longer to defocus. It's
             | called emmetropization and it's how the eye grows.
        
       | spiffytech wrote:
       | In my early teens I had 20/15 vision. By the time I went to
       | college I was wearing glasses for nearsightedness.
       | 
       | I'm pretty sure it's because I got interested in computers, and
       | started spending all day staring 3ft ahead instead of glancing
       | around outdoors.
       | 
       | Some friends in my computer science program passed around each
       | other's glasses and found we all had nearly the same
       | prescription. That didn't seem like a coincidence.
        
         | underwater wrote:
         | There are also theories that the cause and effect are actually
         | in the other direction: kids with poor distance vision are more
         | likely to spend time reading and studying rather than be
         | outside playing sports.
        
           | hbarka wrote:
           | Mudslides cause rain
        
         | plonk wrote:
         | I spent 10 hours a day on computers when I wasn't at school
         | during middle school. Started at the end of primary school and
         | continued until now. I pass the letter-reading tests at the GP
         | when I'm not too tired, so I think I have pretty good vision.
         | 
         | Maybe that's because I didn't always have a computer nearby and
         | had to spend time outside too as a kid.
        
         | cozzyd wrote:
         | I still have 20/15 vision at 35, despite probably averaging
         | over 8 hours a day staring at computer screens for over 2/3 of
         | my life... But maybe I'd have superhuman vision otherwise?
        
         | 300bps wrote:
         | I got my first computer at 10, was 20/40 vision at 16 and am
         | probably around 20/80 right not.
         | 
         | Honestly I'm glad that I am now that I'm in my 40s. Without
         | glasses or contacts, I can read something right up against my
         | nose. Makes it so much easier to work on electronics and other
         | small items - I just take my glasses off and I see up close
         | perfectly well.
        
         | _uy6i wrote:
         | Gross generalization, but my suspicion is that it's not the all
         | day staring at computer (that's most adults these days) but
         | also many CS types spend their free time in front of a screen
         | as well...
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | C types, not CS types.
        
         | t_von_doom wrote:
         | I wonder how much that might be explained by variance around
         | the mean
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | That may just be lucky coincidence. I've been a computer nerd
         | spending way too many hours in front of my computer since I was
         | a teen. Last eye exam I had was a few years back when I turned
         | 45. 20/20 in one eye, but after I made a remark about having
         | been 20/15 when younger, the tech said "let's try!" and I could
         | still do it. Barely. In only one eye now. But still, after all
         | these years.
         | 
         | But really it's presbyopia that's bothered me. I'm glad my
         | distance vision is great, but the loss of close-up focus is
         | massively inconvenient. Reading glasses make me want to throw
         | up within a matter of minutes. Not sure what my long term plan
         | is aside from suffer.
        
           | moron4hire wrote:
           | Use a large screen TV as your computer monitor, placed far
           | away from you.
        
           | satellite2 wrote:
           | You get used to the distortion pretty quickly. Otherwise you
           | can invest in more expensive exams/glasses that correct for
           | it.
        
       | Brajeshwar wrote:
       | https://archive.is/4i9OA
        
       | sandstrom wrote:
       | For several decades it has been known that myopia
       | (nearsightedness) and intelligence are correlated[1][2].
       | Initially it was speculated that reading caused nearsightedness,
       | and through that higher intelligence. There is probably some
       | truth to that.
       | 
       | But with modern DNA sequencing techniques researches has found
       | genes that seem to affect both[3][4].
       | 
       | The hypothesis is that one (or a set of) genes affects both eye
       | size growth (myopia is often caused by the eye being "too long")
       | and neocortical size (associated with intelligence).
       | 
       | Although this probably won't surprise anyone in this research
       | field, I recently read about it -- with my non-nearsighted eyes
       | :) -- and found it interesting. So I wanted to share, since it's
       | somewhat related to this topic.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-a...
       | 
       | [2] https://europepmc.org/article/med/2904062
       | 
       | [3] https://www.nature.com/articles/srep45977
       | 
       | [4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19127804/
        
         | viktoracoric wrote:
        
           | EnKopVand wrote:
           | The beauty of science is that you don't have to "believe" in
           | it.
        
             | volfied wrote:
             | The beauty of science is that you don't "blindly believe"
             | in it.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | Plenty of people do blindly believe it (hence the
               | catchphrase "believe science"). Best to combine your two
               | statements: you don't have to "blindly believe" in it.
        
           | nend wrote:
           | That's the cool thing about science, it can't be refuted by
           | one person's anecdotal experiences.
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | Science is the adaptive theoretical system digesting
             | anomalies.
        
           | zackees wrote:
           | This. I realized that it wasn't necessarily genetic I may
           | just have my monitor too close. I swapped it for a 70inch 4k
           | monitor/tv six feet away and my eyesight improved by a
           | quarter point over the next year.
        
           | yial wrote:
           | Number 3 is interesting , it's a twin study. I still have to
           | read more, but their best fit model has the same p value as
           | storks delivering babies, if that helps you.
           | 
           | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227763292_Storks_De.
           | ..
           | 
           | Edit: I do wonder how some recent studies on myopia fit in
           | with these other findings:
           | 
           | " The decrease in heritability and the increased myopia
           | prevalence in our sample may not be related to the age of the
           | sample, but with the year of birth and the changes in the
           | environment in what these subjects developed during the last
           | two decades. Due to the higher academic skills of our study
           | population, it can be considered that they have been highly
           | exposed to one of the myopia risks factors related to abuse
           | of near work and large periods exposed to low luminance
           | environments11,19,20. Many studies showed an increasing trend
           | of myopia incidence as we are approaching the era of modern
           | industrialization along with increasing education
           | level3,11,19,20. The older twin sample34 had in average a
           | lower education level and possibly less prolonged near task.
           | This may signify the connection of these trends with our
           | obtained results with greater environmental influence on
           | refractive error variance among studied millennials. The
           | change in myopia prevalence is happening across the last few
           | decades, where the increased offset cannot be explained by a
           | change on genetic factors, as genetic evolution cannot take
           | place in such short time span. On the other hand, less than
           | 10% of the variance of refraction could be accounted for
           | Genome-wide studies, where studies have identified, so far,
           | more than 150 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
           | associated with myopia44. Alternatively, the high
           | heritability of refractive error observed in most of the twin
           | studies can be a result of heritability overestimation by the
           | classical twin study model. From any perspective, we must
           | understand that heritability is the combined result of
           | genotype and environment on a certain phenotypic trait.
           | Hence, it appears that the sudden increase in myopia
           | prevalence is a result of higher interaction with the
           | environment."
           | 
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65130-w
        
         | nickbauman wrote:
         | I thought the increase in nearsightedness originated in kids
         | not playing outside as much (and thereby not focusing their
         | eyes over longer distances) resulting in eyesight that's more
         | attuned to shorter distances.
        
           | stevebmark wrote:
           | This is correct and how myopia works. Not because of an
           | increase in natural light. There's ample evidence for this.
        
           | dsego wrote:
           | I've read that the amount of natural light is important, and
           | that the light inside buildings and houses is not sufficient.
           | Children should spend more hours outside.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | If you have a light meter (on a camera or phone or
             | standalone) it's amazing how "dim" even the brightest
             | indoor lights are.
             | 
             | Full flood wash on a stage is nothing compared to the power
             | of the sun.
        
               | wlesieutre wrote:
               | Some example values here
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lux#Illuminance
               | 
               | Office lighting: 250-500
               | 
               | Direct sunlight: 32,000-100,000
        
           | delecti wrote:
           | At least if wikipedia's summary is to be believed, that's one
           | of the less supported of many potential theories.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia#Environmental_factors
           | 
           | Their summary seems to suggest that the biggest factor is
           | exposure to daylight. So then even reading outside ought
           | theoretically protect against nearsightedness.
        
             | sumy23 wrote:
             | > People, and children especially, who spend more time
             | doing physical exercise and outdoor play have lower rates
             | of myopia,[30][29][31][32][33] suggesting the increased
             | magnitude and complexity of the visual stimuli encountered
             | during these types of activities decrease myopic
             | progression. There is preliminary evidence that the
             | protective effect of outdoor activities on the development
             | of myopia is due, at least in part, to the effect of long
             | hours of exposure to daylight on the production and the
             | release of retinal dopamine.
             | 
             | That sounds like a fair bit of support to me.
        
               | delecti wrote:
               | > The near work hypothesis, also referred to as the "use-
               | abuse theory" states that spending time involved in near
               | work strains the intraocular and extraocular muscles.
               | Some studies support the hypothesis, while other studies
               | do not.[3] While an association is present, it is not
               | clearly causal.[3]
               | 
               | This is what I meant. The GP comment included "and
               | thereby not focusing their eyes over longer distances",
               | which I interpreted to be in contrast to spending time
               | indoors and looking at things close to you. So it's not
               | that things far from you are protective, but specifically
               | variety seems to be. So I think we mostly agree.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Can't find it now, but there is also a comparative
               | development study showing myopia and indoor
               | electrification setting in together in different
               | countries. Though that paper speculated blue light
               | content, with a developing eye hard coded to "tune" its
               | length on the assumption of sunlight.
        
           | ezfe wrote:
           | I played outside all the time when I was younger and here I
           | am with my glasses :)
        
         | adverbly wrote:
         | I heard somewhere that the speculation was that the cerebral
         | cortex is physically next to your eyes, so a big brain stunts
         | your eyes... anyone know if there was any truth to that?
        
         | zamiaf wrote:
         | The issue with these types of studies though is that there's no
         | way to really parse out correlation vs causation, either
         | between these two variables or with social factors at large.
         | Especially in this case there was no molecular work done to
         | validate the hits or establish causal pleiotropic effects. The
         | authors are incentivized to tell a story but as readers I think
         | we can be a little more skeptical and evaluate the likelihood
         | of those kinds of claims (there's positive selection on genes
         | that both increase "intelligence" and alter eye shape) versus
         | like, environmental and social factors induce a correlation
         | between needing glasses and reading...
        
           | yial wrote:
           | I agree with this...
           | 
           | I don't think other studies on myopia fit this same
           | narrative. (However I may be wrong!)
           | 
           | Example: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65130-w
        
         | d0mine wrote:
         | This should be easy to answer: we are not smarter in the recent
         | decades (the opposite is likely true due to the leaded petrol).
         | The natural selection for smartness is too weak in humans (it
         | does not take much brain to reproduce nowadays).
         | 
         | The hypothesis in TFA is much more likely (regular exposure to
         | bright daylight in children)
        
           | delecti wrote:
           | On the contrary, IQ has been increasing decade-over-decade
           | basically since IQ was invented. So we _are_ smarter in
           | recent decades.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect
           | 
           | (Though because IQ is standardized around a mean of 100, it's
           | probably more accurate to say that the IQ of people in the
           | past has retroactively gotten lower)
        
             | d0mine wrote:
             | https://www.newscientist.com/article/2311082-leaded-
             | petrol-m...
        
               | delecti wrote:
               | The flynn effect is well documented. The negative effect
               | of leaded gas on intelligence just means that average IQ
               | "should" have been raising even more throughout the 20th
               | century.
        
             | ByteJockey wrote:
             | It's considered to have ended (and possibly started
             | reversing) in developed countries starting in the mid
             | 1990s.
             | 
             | Your link even covers it: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly
             | nn_effect#Possible_end_of_p...
        
         | JoBrad wrote:
         | The last study says "myopic children regardless of their IQ
         | gain better school achievement". This makes me think the
         | difference is cultural vs genetic.
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | Does it mean they are more obedient? Not meaning that as a
           | put down, but being good in school has a lot to do with
           | behavior.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | I think it's more likely that people treat people who wear
             | glasses like they're smarter, and they feel pressure to
             | live up to that.
        
               | dymk wrote:
               | Wearing glasses certainly shaped my hobbies - more
               | reading and computer time. On top of that, being
               | nearsighted (pre glasses) made it hard to catch a ball,
               | so less time spent doing sports.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bstar77 wrote:
         | And here I am thinking my perfect eyesight at 45 is a good
         | thing :(
        
         | abledon wrote:
         | > For several decades it has been known that myopia
         | (nearsightedness) and intelligence are correlated[1][2].
         | 
         | Funny, this was also documented in sanskrit medical texts
        
         | aaron695 wrote:
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | julianbuse wrote:
       | When I read the title, I thought they meant not thinking ahead.
       | This makes much more sense though!
        
         | SkyMarshal wrote:
         | Same, though to me the title still made complete sense that
         | way.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ekianjo wrote:
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | According to the dictionary this is a valid use of the word
         | 'epidemic'.
         | 
         | It's also probably the best word to convey what is happening to
         | a general audience.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > According to the dictionary this is a valid use of the word
           | 'epidemic'.
           | 
           | That's circular logic because dictionaries keep changing
           | their definition to match what ignorant people use.
        
             | drekipus wrote:
             | Not even dictionaries are safe from judgement
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | >definition matches what people use
             | 
             | That is indeed how this "language" thing works.
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | Etymological dictionaries are immune to that problem.
             | 
             | https://www.etymonline.com/word/epidemic -- "epi-demos",
             | "among the people".
             | 
             | If you hold close what the term says, and regard the use as
             | a derivation, you develop an aware, rooted terminology.
             | 
             | But then, you'd lose the grounds to embrace a conventional
             | derivation as what the term means - which is what you just
             | condemned.
        
         | danschuller wrote:
         | This is a common figurative use of the word. The etymology
         | comes from the Greek meaning "upon/on people", so nothing in
         | the root connects the meaning to how something develops or
         | spreads.
        
           | GameOfFrowns wrote:
           | Then why not call it a "pandemic"? Shortsighteness has become
           | a global phenomenon with more than one local maximum, hasn't
           | it?
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | From the article: << _East Asia_ has seen a stunning rise
             | in the rate of short-sightedness>>.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | Each pandemic is also epidemic. Pandemics are subset of
             | epidemics. The word pandemic existing does not make the use
             | of word epidemics incorrect.
             | 
             | Also, pandemic is not normally used in non medical context
             | while epidemics is frequently used that way and was for
             | years. The journalist probably decided to use the common
             | words in their common meaning instead of going for obscure
             | usages.
        
             | nicoburns wrote:
             | Because it's not a common figurative use of the word
             | pandemic.
        
         | timClicks wrote:
         | > Journalists are completely illiterate these days.
         | 
         | Was this intentional? You just made the same error.
        
           | wiseowise wrote:
           | In their defense, they're not a journalist.
        
         | mercs wrote:
         | epidemic: a sudden, widespread occurrence of a particular
         | undesirable phenomenon.
         | 
         | You have no idea how language works and provided a weak example
         | that didn't make any sense.
        
         | cute_boi wrote:
         | epidemic, novel, genocide etc. have become diluted due to
         | misuse....
        
         | gambiting wrote:
         | >>If people eat more meat then are we supposed to talk about
         | "tall people epidemic", because the average height of most
         | people increase?
         | 
         | Have you not heard about the "obesity epidemic"?
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | goldenkey wrote:
       | Most cases of myopia (nearsightness), involving progressively
       | worsening vision, are largely due to inaccurate lens
       | prescriptions and bad habits.
       | 
       | An optometrist or optician will have you sit with your head in
       | the phoropter asking "better/worse" while flipping lenses -
       | pretty much a binary search type of approach. But this is often
       | done hastily and results in inaccurate prescriptions.
       | 
       | -----------
       | 
       | Unfortunately, inaccurate scripts are often inflicted upon
       | children which as I will describe later, compounds into worsening
       | vision over time, with the opticians/optometrists prescribing
       | higher and higher power lenses that are only solving an issue
       | that is created by the previous history of inaccuracy! Telltale
       | signs of inaccurate scripts include:
       | 
       | - minor corrections
       | 
       | Eyes are not static objects and vision actually does vary from
       | month to month, day to day, lighting conditions, blood pressure,
       | etc. If a correction is minor, it's almost always unecessary and
       | harmful.
       | 
       | - slightly different prescriptions for left (OS) and right (OR)
       | eyes.
       | 
       | 99.9% of folks have equivalent vision in both eyes. Like I said
       | above, if a difference is minor, a correction would almost always
       | be harmful.
       | 
       | - minor cylinder corrections (astigmatism.)
       | 
       | Astigmatism is extremely rare and when it does occur it's almost
       | never minor. These corrections are especially egregious as they
       | cause distortion compensation.
       | 
       | -----------
       | 
       | So why do eye professionals commit these cardinal acts of eye
       | destruction upon their patients? Well we already discussed
       | hastyness but that is clearly a vice that is going to result in
       | bad outcomes in any profession.
       | 
       | What else? Well, eye professionals are taught to seek out as
       | perfectly sharp an image as possible, and then back off the power
       | a bit to reduce the possibility of eyestrain, headache, and
       | dizziness. Some professionals don't even back off the power
       | though..
       | 
       | In order to accomplish this task of perfect sharp vision, they
       | add all of these minor corrections. When these ill-fitting lenses
       | are worn for months on end, the body has a somatic response. The
       | eyeballs elongate, which pushes the focal plane back, causing
       | further myopia. [1]
       | 
       | The patient goes back to the eye doctor and now receives an even
       | more incorrect script based on the transient state their eyes are
       | in, induced by a cascading patterned history of harmful scripts.
       | 
       | In the worst case, the eye doctor recommends laser eye surgery
       | which shaves the corneal lens of your eye into an artificial
       | lens. Essentially, they carve your current harmful prescription
       | straight into your eyeball. And then guess what happens? The
       | eyeball shortens and often, the patients vision becomes
       | progressively worse again. It can take months, but it does
       | happen. [2] And now the fix that they recommend? More laser eye
       | surgery. It's barbaric.
       | 
       | So please, do not get eye surgery before trying what I recommend
       | below. Surgery on the cornea is advertised as non invasive but it
       | can cause life long issues such as chronic dry eye. Please try to
       | assess whether your vision is actually bad, or just a transient
       | state due to a long history of bad prescriptions and poor habits.
       | 
       | ----------
       | 
       | How do you break the cycle and restore your vision?
       | 
       | 1) First, look at your current script. How asymmetric is it? How
       | small are the cylinder values, if any?
       | 
       | Lower the scripts power and make the prescription symmetric.
       | Remove the minor cylinder values. So for example, if you had -3.6
       | and -3.4 with some small astigmatism corrections, just ask for a
       | script for -3.4 SPH in both eyes.
       | 
       | 2) Make sure the pupillary distance is correct - eye
       | professionals are notorious for fucking this up because the PD
       | needs be to custom set for the frame the lenses will be going in,
       | otherwise you'll have lenses with a focal center that is not
       | aligned with the center of your eyeball. This causes distortion
       | and uneven focus, causing eye strain and worsening vision.
       | 
       | 3) Aspheric lenses - buy good lenses like Seiko double aspherics
       | - just like cinema or photo lenses cost a lot of money because
       | they reduce abberation and edge distortion, your eyes benefit
       | from the same technology. Bottom dollar spherical lenses are
       | okay, but strain is not healthy for eyes, and a good $300 set of
       | Seiko transition lenses with coatings can last 10+ years. It's
       | worth your eye health.
       | 
       | 4) Have multiple pairs of spectacles. Use the weakest usable one
       | (or no specs) depending on the task you are doing. For instance,
       | I'm on my phone in bed, so I am not using any glasses. This will
       | improve your vision over time. You can slowly reduce the power of
       | your scripts if you care about it. I went from -4.75 to -3.5 and
       | I'm happy with what I'm at, so I don't spend any effort trying to
       | lower any further. But if you have the money, the time, and the
       | will, you can get to -1.X territory through judicious use of a
       | set of activity appropriate lenses.
       | 
       | Lastly, buy your own frame, buy your own pupilary distance tools,
       | buy your own trial lens kit and trial frame like the Oculus UB6.
       | Take time and figure out the right prescription for yourself
       | without it being rushed. Test it and have it remade if the center
       | of focus of the lenses is not at the center of your eyes. PD is
       | integral!
       | 
       | -------------
       | 
       | An eye professional who cares and understands these things CAN
       | help and even properly measure these values but they are rare.
       | Sometimes if you want something done right, you kind of have to
       | do it yourself. Or at the very least, guide or give your demands.
       | After all, you are the paying customer.
       | 
       | Hope this helps others break the cycle of worsening vision. If
       | anyone has any question, feel free to reach out.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470669/
       | 
       | [2] https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/news/20030410/some-
       | patients...
        
       | stakkur wrote:
       | > _Sedentary, white-collar jobs are less arduous (and less
       | lethal) than manual work. They also promote obesity and heart
       | disease._
       | 
       | I'm always baffled by the dismissive wave of the "activity level
       | causes obesity and heart disease" trope--because it's mostly
       | wrong. The first world _diet_ is the primary cause of obesity and
       | heart disease, and it 's well-proven. Starch and sugar, processed
       | foods, a diet primarily consisting of carbohydrates. _Diet_ is
       | the driver, not activity level.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | oblak wrote:
       | While I am all for the idea that we need to have more sunlight
       | indoors, I am not at all convinced that's the cause for the
       | condition. TV watching wasn't big when I was a kid, and I didn't
       | have the patience for reading, yet I've got it.
       | 
       | So yeah. I am sure prolonged focusing contributes a lot but not
       | sure it's the main cause.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | It is always nature and nurture. You have have been more prone
         | to being near sighted because of your genetics.
         | 
         | https://www.revieweducationgroup.com/ce/how-environment-and-...
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | Could we just have rooms lit as strongly as outdoors?
        
         | hackererror404 wrote:
         | There's an amazing youtuber/creator I've been following for a
         | while and he does exactly this. Goes into the science of what
         | it takes, and the results are really stunning. I'd love to give
         | something like this a try, just need time.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bqBsHSwPgw
         | 
         | Also there was a breakthrough a while ago with LED ceiling
         | lights that mimic natural sun. I haven't heard much since their
         | release, so I'm sure cost is still a major issue for these
         | sadly.
         | 
         | https://www.zmescience.com/science/physics/artificial-light-...
        
           | Hendrikto wrote:
           | The length people go to in order not to leave the house...
        
             | marvin wrote:
             | These techniques would be very useful in the three darkest
             | months in Scandinavia, where the sun is down both when you
             | leave and return from work, and generally behind clouds
             | otherwise.
             | 
             | Me, I'll climb the floors of the office and stand in a
             | windowed stairwell with the sun in my eyes for ten minutes
             | after lunch every day, when the weather's good, but that's
             | being kind of anal about it.
        
             | idlehand wrote:
             | Where I live we have sun 18-22 hours a day in summer and
             | maybe 4 hours in the winter - the sun doesn't even go
             | halfway up before going down again on those days.
             | 
             | Unfortunately me and my partner both have our families here
             | so moving is not an option. Being able to see decently
             | strong light in December without having to travel would be
             | worth a lot to me.
        
             | xyzzyz wrote:
             | You can't blame him -- he seems to be from UK, they see the
             | sun there maybe 4 times a year.
        
               | memsom wrote:
               | That is really not true.
        
               | JoBrad wrote:
               | True. It's at least 5 times a year.
        
         | Fordec wrote:
         | Short answer, yes.
         | 
         | Long answer, you'll need to really jack up the power
         | consumption. Replicating a thing that in itself an energy
         | source needs waaaay more than just a 60W light bulb.
        
           | coffeeblack wrote:
           | 60W would be some 10 LED lights that each are 100W
           | equivalents to old glow lights. That would probably already
           | do the trick in a small room.
           | 
           | Do people really still use old "light bulbs"?
        
             | PeterisP wrote:
             | > 60W would be some 10 LED lights that each are 100W
             | equivalents to old glow lights. That would probably already
             | do the trick in a small room.
             | 
             | Not really, daylight is not 10 times but much more brighter
             | than a 100w incandescent lamp, such illumination (e.g. it
             | has certain uses to help seasonal depression) exists but
             | it's _very_ bright compared to normal indoors lighting.
             | 
             | The old 100w lamps were ~1600 lumens; outdoors daylight is
             | something like 10k lumens/square meter in shade (direct
             | sunlight would be another order of magnitude more), and an
             | appropriate number for the surfaces of a small room would
             | be in the ballpark of 100 of such LEDs so 600w of
             | electricity.
        
               | coffeeblack wrote:
               | Interesting! Thanks for the correction.
        
         | citruscomputing wrote:
         | Yes! I'm experimenting with this right now with a very bright,
         | color temp adjustable, high-CRI photography lamp, and the
         | difference is, well, night and day. There are several good
         | posts out there on the subject.
        
         | jiggawatts wrote:
         | There's an increasing body of good evidence that bright indoor
         | conditions also lift mood and improve productivity, often quite
         | noticeably.
         | 
         | Since the pandemic and work-from-home, I've been working in a
         | home office where an entire wall is a glass door leading to the
         | balcony, floor to ceiling. I let the light stream in, and it's
         | basically daylight inside. I had to get a brighter monitor (600
         | nit OLED), but now I just can't picture myself going back to
         | work in a gloomy cubicle farm. The grey, dim light would just
         | depress me.
         | 
         | There's a few hobbyists using large LED or OLED panels to
         | achieve the same kind of lighting effect as overhead sunlight.
         | Because of the higher efficiency, it's now possible to do this
         | without an extravagant power bill or excessive heat. This makes
         | the most sense is in places closer to the arctic, where winters
         | are long, dark, and _cold_. So in effect, the  "wasted" heat
         | energy of the lighting simply contributes to heating the
         | workplace or home.
         | 
         | Here on YC News more than a few people have suggested that this
         | might be a nice startup to work on: "indoor sunlight" products
         | and installation services can start small, but can scale up!
         | You can also imagine combo products, such as solar-power +
         | batteries + bright lighting panels.
        
           | wrycoder wrote:
           | I spent 80% of my career in gloomy interior spaces with low
           | intensity fluorescent lighting that beat with the cathode ray
           | tube monitors' scanning.
           | 
           | I was much happier when I could snag a space with a window
           | once in awhile.
        
         | inopinatus wrote:
         | Sometimes, the glass ceiling isn't a metaphor.
        
         | Fire-Dragon-DoL wrote:
         | It would be really fun if the whole reasons why I don't wear
         | glasses is because I keep strong light in my room since I was a
         | kid (I like strong light)
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | For the visible portion, that's around 25-50 W/m2, so around
         | double that for current LEDs. The question becomes: at what
         | illumination do we start to get a significant effect?
        
         | seydor wrote:
         | what about go outside?
        
         | alliao wrote:
         | I looked and even on cloudy days it's orders of magnitude
         | brighter than my brightest light.. so I just went outside
        
       | zeroth32 wrote:
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | shrimp_emoji wrote:
         | ... No... this has been happening for decades.
         | 
         | In East Asia, the vast majority of people are now nearsighted,
         | which has been a fun fact long before anyone even heard of
         | COVID.
        
         | OrwellianTimes wrote:
         | Agree man! Lockdown was just really unjustified on society.
         | 
         | It made no sense for such a minor disease which I'm sure would
         | have been dismissed as flu 60 years ago.
         | 
         | I don't know what caused this overreaction, sure for 30-40 days
         | but this thing has devastated billions of lives, left millions
         | jobless and ruined an entire generation.
         | 
         | It's sometimes necessary to have pandemics and diseases like
         | this to control the population of society.
         | 
         | Europe practically had a renaissance after the black death.
        
           | lifeplusplus wrote:
           | 2 million isn't few lives
        
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