[HN Gopher] Lessons from the golden age of the mall walkers
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Lessons from the golden age of the mall walkers
        
       Author : flummox
       Score  : 65 points
       Date   : 2022-06-09 22:57 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloomberg.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloomberg.com)
        
       | avsteele wrote:
       | For my wife its mostly about being able to walk in the air
       | conditioning. Hot outside
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | There are plenty of locations that actually have reasonable
         | parks and so forth where a lot of people just don't want to
         | walk outside for a decent chunk of the year.
        
           | colineartheta wrote:
           | Can you expand on this? Are you describing areas outside that
           | people walk in? Or some other area?
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Yes, parks are areas outside. There are other walkable
             | outdoor areas in many places too of course. However, fairly
             | large swaths of the US are very hot or hot/humid in the
             | summer or cold/snowy in the winter. You can still go
             | outside of course but it may not be the best conditions for
             | a pleasant walk.
        
       | Gravityloss wrote:
        
       | antiterra wrote:
       | I think the anti-mall narrative is generally misplaced.
       | 
       | Suburban malls were a mitigation of sprawl but are somehow viewed
       | more as a direct symptom. Strip malls continue to thrive, and the
       | form where there are residences atop the commercial storefronts
       | does little to improve the need to flit from parking lot to
       | parking lot like consumerist pollinators. In Austin, there's a
       | huge amount of development at the mixed-use outdoor Domain, some
       | calling it a second downtown. Yet, the thing is peppered with
       | crowded roads. And, it does little to escape triple digit
       | temperatures. It isn't much of an improvement.
       | 
       | Enclosed urban shopping areas have been around for a long time,
       | from covered arcades and indoor markets to underground malls in
       | cities.
       | 
       | The PATH system in Toronto and RESO in Montreal create
       | decentralized malls that are also ways to navigate a city on
       | foot. Their creation was likely due to harsh winters more than
       | concern about pedestrian traffic mixing with vehicles. They are,
       | admittedly, kind of ugly and sometimes claustrophobic, but they
       | are functional. I know there are underground malls in Manitoba
       | cities for similar reason, but have never been.
       | 
       | I love transit oriented developments like the little villages
       | along the MAX light rail in Portland, but I don't think there's
       | any where near enough momentum to spark a fully transit based
       | pattern of development like there has been in Japan. (Some
       | possible reasons/differences are covered in
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235214652...)
        
         | xg15 wrote:
         | > _Yet, the thing is peppered with crowded roads_
         | 
         | Not from the US, but: NYC has crowded roads crossing right
         | through downtown. So does Paris and many other famously
         | "walkable" european cities.
         | 
         | I think while traffic is certainly relevant and it's always an
         | improvement if it can be reduced, it's not what blocks an area
         | from becoming walkable. It's more how much space the area
         | affords for pedestrians _next_ to the traffic: Can you get from
         | A to B without detours and without danger? Can you cross the
         | busy roads? Are there enough spaces to get away from the
         | traffic?
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | The Domain seems to be better off than Barton Creek mall. Went
         | there recently and a lot of stores were empty. Even Starbucks
         | moved out.
        
           | antiterra wrote:
           | I agree, it is doing much better, it has hotels, large office
           | spaces and housing. What it's really missing is a larger car
           | free area. The roads aren't well designed for the volume of
           | traffic they carry: busy crosswalks at four way stops. The
           | drivers are also tense and frustrated and on the edge of road
           | rage when it's really busy.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Malls are generally dependent on anchor stores drawing
           | traffic. And a lot of the historic anchor stores--in many
           | cases department stores--have gone out of business or
           | downsized. One pretty dead mall near me had a Penney's, a
           | Sears, and a Macy's.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | The real lesson of mall walking is that it came about because in
       | many places there's literally nowhere else you can walk. Non-
       | Americans may be vaguely aware that America has a sickness of car
       | dependency but may be unaware of the extent of it.
       | 
       | I present to you the 26 lane Katy Freeway in Houston, Texas [1].
       | 
       | Non-Americans may not realize just how large these cities are
       | geographically. I believe one end of the Houston metro area to
       | the other is _almost_ as far as London to Birmingham.
       | 
       | Many Americans live in the suburbs. This is complete car
       | dependence. Children in particular often can't go anywhere
       | without being driven.
       | 
       | It's actually depressing what a soulless barren dystopia most of
       | the US actually is.
       | 
       | [1]: https://charlesandcharles.co.uk/f/take-a-look-at-the-katy-
       | fr...
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | FYI: that "highway" is a photoshop fake.
         | 
         | Note the pattern of dark heavily driven lanes - that is the
         | most used slow lane copied again and again. See other comment
         | pointing to reddit discussion.
        
         | hoppyhoppy2 wrote:
         | Growing up in northern New England, a lot of mall walkers chose
         | it not because we have too many freeways or lack bike paths,
         | hiking areas, or nature trails, but because walking outdoors
         | can be unpleasant in the dark, frigid, snowy, and often-
         | slippery depths of winter. An icy path may not be a huge deal
         | for someone my age, but the risks are greater for an older
         | person falling from a standing height (e.g.: one in three
         | adults age 50+ dies within 12 months of getting a hip
         | fracture).
         | 
         | I imagine people in very hot climates appreciate being able to
         | exercise in air conditioning, and you can also schedule it with
         | others (say, every Tuesday and Thursday at 10am) regardless of
         | inclement weather. But I would guess a lot of it has been
         | supplanted by going to the gym (there are a lot more gyms, at
         | least around here, than there were a couple decades ago).
         | 
         | I agree about Texas. When I stayed a night in Amarillo I was
         | astounded not only by the fact that everyone there drives a
         | giant tank, but that there weren't any sidewalks, even though
         | my hotel was within walkable distance of various stores, etc.
        
           | occz wrote:
           | >Growing up in northern New England, a lot of mall walkers
           | chose it not because we have too many freeways or lack bike
           | paths or nature trails, but because walking outdoors can be
           | unpleasant in the dark, frigid, and often-slippery depths of
           | winter. An icy path may not be a huge deal for someone my
           | age, but the risks are greater for an older person falling
           | from a standing height (e.g.: one in three adults age 50+
           | dies within 12 months of getting a hip fracture).
           | 
           | This sounds to me like a matter of infrastructure - street
           | lights and plowing + puttin gravel on walking infrastructure.
           | 
           | >I imagine people in very hot climates appreciate being able
           | to exercise in air conditioning, and you can also schedule it
           | with others (say, every Tuesday and Thursday at 10am)
           | regardless of inclement weather. But I would guess a lot of
           | it has been supplanted by going to the gym (there are a lot
           | more gyms around here than there used to be).
           | 
           | And this also sounds to me kind of like a matter of
           | infrastructure - planting trees to provide shaded paths and
           | cooler microclimates could remedy this issue. This one is
           | less solvable though on account of the ongoing climate
           | catastrophe, but it can at the very least be improved.
        
             | hoppyhoppy2 wrote:
             | Those infrastructure improvements sound great, don't get me
             | wrong, but walking in a snowstorm in windy 10-degree-
             | Fahrenheit weather would still be considered unpleasant by
             | a lot people even with good plowing and lighting. (I hike
             | and run all through winter, but some people just want a
             | comfortable place to walk.) Maybe climate catastrophe will
             | "help" "solve" that issue, but in the meantime I think a
             | lot of folks around here will continue to walk in malls and
             | gyms when it's cold out.
        
               | occz wrote:
               | >Those infrastructure improvements sound great, don't get
               | me wrong, but walking in a snowstorm in windy 10-degree-
               | Fahrenheit weather would still be considered unpleasant
               | by a lot people even with good plowing and lighting. (I
               | personally hike all through winter, but some people just
               | want a comfortable place to walk.) Maybe climate
               | catastrophe will "help" "solve" that issue, but in the
               | meantime I think a lot of folks around here will continue
               | to walk in malls and gyms.
               | 
               | The key to this is that there's no 10F snowstorm every
               | day. It's perfectly feasible to optimize for the case
               | where it's a simple and pleasant snowy day.
               | 
               | I don't think the climate catastrophe is likely to remedy
               | the problem of unpleasant weather up north,
               | unfortunately. It's liable to just get more extreme.
        
           | Aloha wrote:
           | In Texas, walking outdoors can the unpleasant or outright
           | dangerous in summer or frankly winter (in Amarillo
           | certainly). We drive giant tanks because distances are vast
           | here between towns and cities - also because gas tax is low.
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | This is a bizarre take. Most suburbs I've seen is actually
         | _amazing_ for walking in.
         | 
         | Sure if there is no sidewalk it sucks, but if you walk where
         | people live usually there is a nice walking path, minimal
         | traffic, lots of families around. I've lived in dense urban
         | centers and walking can suck with the crowded sidewalks, always
         | having to cross streets with cars, the noise.
         | 
         | People aren't walking in malls because of car culture. Usually
         | they walk in malls because it's too damn hot/cold outside.
        
           | phil21 wrote:
           | > People aren't walking in malls because of car culture.
           | Usually they walk in malls because it's too damn hot/cold
           | outside.
           | 
           | People (most) are walking in malls entirely due to car
           | culture. No one where I live in Chicago is going to the mall
           | to walk - because they walk every day just by default to get
           | things done.
           | 
           | When you use a car to go literally everywhere, you don't have
           | that exercise baked in. It's difficult to commute here and
           | walk less than a mile a day, usually much more. When I lived
           | in the suburbs this might be measured in hundreds of feet.
           | 
           | Very few people go walking for the sake of it, regardless of
           | location or weather. If you're not walking on a daily basis
           | simply for practical reasons - odds are you don't walk
           | regularly at all.
           | 
           | The rest is subjective - but I highly prefer "pleasure walks"
           | in the city as well. After a month or two in the suburbs
           | you've seen literally everything there is to see within a 1
           | mile radius of your home, and it almost never changes. A
           | living city is a much different experience, and it's rare a
           | walk won't result in some novel discovery or meeting a
           | neighbor. This personally motivates me walking new routes far
           | more than the endless sterile lawns in the suburbs.
           | 
           | Not to mention how insanely anti-pedestrian many suburban
           | populations are - you will absolutely be harassed unless you
           | are on designated walking trails in my experience. I did live
           | in one inner-ring suburb that was a far better experience,
           | but I feel most here would consider that to be light urban
           | vs. suburban.
        
           | morsch wrote:
           | Nice places for a walk: the forest, a river bank, a park,
           | walkable (zero car) city center. Poor places for a walk:
           | anywhere there are cars, anywhere that is indoors. I get that
           | there are places with inhospitable climate where it's too hot
           | even in a shady forest or too cold even with the right
           | clothes. Those places just don't have truly nice places for a
           | walk.
        
           | pnutjam wrote:
           | This is simply not true, and it was less true in the
           | 80's/90's.
        
             | coastflow wrote:
             | There might be two separate assertions under discussion.
             | One is that it is typically difficult in a suburb to get to
             | a landmark destination (e.g. to the grocery store, to the
             | gym, to a coffee shop, and to work) just by walking,
             | without a car.
             | 
             | This is true. At the same time, suburbs with low rates of
             | crime are typically nicer to walk around without a
             | destination in mind. It's typically easier to go outside
             | for a jog or run in a suburb than in downtown, as there are
             | fewer cars on the road and other pedestrians on the
             | sidewalk.
        
               | alphabettsy wrote:
               | > At the same time, suburbs with low rates of crime are
               | typically nicer to walk around without a destination in
               | mind.
               | 
               | I have to disagree here. In the suburbs there is nowhere
               | to go and nothing to discover. Walking around the city I
               | see new people, restaurants or other businesses that I
               | find interesting. The suburbs where I grew up were always
               | the same thing.
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | > _The suburbs where I grew up were always the same
               | thing._
               | 
               | Hence the title of the book _The Geography of Nowhere_ :
               | 
               | > _The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of
               | America 's Man-Made Landscape is a book written in 1993
               | by James Howard Kunstler exploring the effects of
               | suburban sprawl, civil planning, and the automobile on
               | American society and is an attempt to discover how and
               | why suburbia has ceased to be a credible human habitat,
               | and what society might do about it. Kunstler proposes
               | that by reviving civic art and civic life, we will
               | rediscover public virtue and a new vision of the common
               | good: "The future will require us to build better
               | places," Kunstler says, "or the future will belong to
               | other people in other societies."_
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Geography_of_Nowhere
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | I have been in plenty of suburbs without sidewalks or
               | almost worse where there are bits and pieces of sidewalks
               | that don't connect to each other. Walking on the road is
               | possible, but can be quite dangerous in such places.
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | > One is that it is typically difficult in a suburb to
               | get to a landmark destination (e.g. to the grocery store,
               | to the gym, to a coffee shop, and to work) just by
               | walking, without a car.
               | 
               | > This is true.
               | 
               | Could you post a few map links to suburbs (not rural)
               | where you can't walk to, say, a grocery store or a coffee
               | shop?
        
               | matwood wrote:
               | Yeah, people tend to take the worst suburb setup and
               | compare it to the best city setup. The reality is,
               | there's a lot in between.
               | 
               | I live on the coast in a suburb about a 1/2 hour outside
               | the downtown area. The long edge of my suburb is banked
               | by a river with neighborhood supported docks, and large
               | green spaces along the river. There's a grocery store at
               | the entrance to the neighborhood (along with cleaners,
               | bars, etc...) that people walk and ride bikes to. There
               | are other large green spaces where kids play sports plus
               | there's tennis and basketball courts, golfing, pools,
               | etc...
               | 
               | I'm not saying where I live is perfect, but as I started
               | with, people like to take the worst mid-west suburban
               | hell and compare it to the best city like NYC. When I see
               | these discussion what I hear is all the more reason why
               | people are migrating to the coasts.
        
           | Ar-Curunir wrote:
           | While the streets are quiet, it's really not fun to walk in
           | neighborhoods where every house looks the same, and where
           | there's no visual variety.
           | 
           | Personally I find a 15-minute walk in my suburban
           | neighborhood feels much longer than a 15-minute walk in the
           | town where my college was located.
           | 
           | The other extremely irritating part is the completely ass-
           | backwards design of suburban neighborhoods that makes walking
           | to places much longer than necessary. Eg: there's a grocery
           | store _literally_ right behind my house, but without a door
           | in my backyard, it would take me 5+ minutes to walk there.
        
             | listenallyall wrote:
             | How is it ass-backwards for a grocery store not to install
             | a door and entrance for the custom use of a single
             | household?
        
               | Ar-Curunir wrote:
               | None of the houses on my street have easy access either.
               | The point of that anecdote wasn't that everyone should
               | have backyard doors, but rather that the street design
               | should make it easy to get to places, and not require
               | circuitous routes that make life difficult for
               | pedestrians.
        
           | gsk22 wrote:
           | This is true in certain American suburbs, but definitely not
           | all. Older and less affluent suburbs, in particular, often
           | have abysmal walking infrastructure.
           | 
           | I'm not sure this fits the prototypical suburb -- but I have
           | spent a lot of time in southern Texas, and look at this
           | amazing pedestrian infrastructure: https://www.google.com/map
           | s/@26.1413614,-97.9581625,3a,75y,3...
           | 
           | They recently (past ~5 years) installed new ADA-compliant
           | pedestrian crossings from which you can walk...nowhere. But
           | you can circle the 4 corners of the intersection all day!
           | 
           | (Incidentally, the restaurant on the SW corner of the
           | intersection is amazing!)
        
             | joebob42 wrote:
             | There's also what looks like a perfectly lovely park a few
             | blocks away
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | I mean that area almost looks rural - if you go over to
             | where the houses are they actually have some sidewalks.
             | 
             | The street names also imply it's rural or was rural very
             | recently.
        
               | gsk22 wrote:
               | Yeah, I'm not sure the right terminology for the type of
               | urban landscape it is.
               | 
               | There's uninterrupted development for a 30 mile stretch
               | between McAllen and Harlingen, with densities ranging
               | from suburban to exurban. So not quite typical American
               | suburbia, but similar sprawl and car uber-dependence.
        
           | muti wrote:
           | I think the point about suburbs promoting car dependence over
           | walking is more about walking _somewhere_
           | 
           | Sure, it can be nice to go for a walk around the
           | neighborhood, but mostly only in a loop, there is no
           | destination. One of the reasons I moved where I live is due
           | to the walkability. I'm technically in the suburbs of a
           | medium sized city, but happen to live close enough to a small
           | retail center that I can walk to shop for groceries, get a
           | hair cut, go to a pharmacy and many other things.
           | 
           | It's _really_ nice to be prompted to go for a nice walk
           | instead of hop in a car when I need to run an errand.
        
           | csydas wrote:
           | I'm not sure this is a universal experience.
           | 
           | The suburbs my family lived in were quite hostile towards
           | pedestrians, as the lack of sidewalks had two primary
           | outcomes:
           | 
           | 1. People just rarely walked
           | 
           | 2. As a result of 1, drivers became unaccustomed to
           | pedestrians and adjusted to a driving style that assumed no
           | pedestrians
           | 
           | I absolutely don't really fault the drivers too much, as it's
           | reasonable -- the road is for cars and in most situations
           | with roads it's not expected to have pedestrians except at
           | crosswalks.
           | 
           | But it's not universal that suburbs are pedestrian friendly.
           | Especially growing up in the midwest, even suburbs with
           | sidewalks were not very pedestrian friendly. Despite laws
           | requiring maintenance and upkeep of the sidewalks (including
           | snow shoveling during winter), it's not feasible for able-
           | bodied persons to walk across many suburbs because of how
           | awful the upkeep of the public sidewalks are, neverminding
           | people persons with disabilities or injuries.
           | 
           | The heat is inconsequential -- where I live now, since about
           | May it's been 34o or higher real temperature (feel is close
           | to 40o or higher), and yet everyone is accustomed to it and
           | still out and walking. It's easily changeable, but the main
           | difference is the city has many walkable elements, many small
           | parks with shade, public fountains to cool off, and so on.
           | Getting to a shop to get a cheap bottle of water (or beer,
           | why not?) is a matter of walking 50 meters in any direction;
           | the last US city I lived in, even though it was better than
           | _many_ US cities, it was still almost 2 Km to get to the
           | nearest store that had anything small to drink/refresh
           | yourself (and you had to cross an 8 lane road that fed into
           | I5, so it was pretty busy).
           | 
           | My takeaway as a US native is that US cities really did get
           | ruined by the influence of car culture, and the cities are
           | exceptionally hostile towards pedestrians. Even the quaint
           | suburb-style cities ( < 500k population) which advertise
           | their closeness and small town feel are ostensively
           | pedestrian hostile just due to poor planning which prevents
           | you from getting around by foot or by reliable, cheap, and
           | safe public transportation.
        
         | sampo wrote:
         | > I believe one end of the Houston metro area to the other is
         | almost as far as London to Birmingham.
         | 
         | One end of the London metro area to the other (say, from
         | Reading to Southend-on-Sea) is almost (half of the distance) as
         | far as London to Birmingham.
         | 
         | Both London and Houston seem to have metro areas of maybe
         | almost 100km in diameter.
        
         | joeamroo wrote:
         | Living in Katy is hellish when you don't drive and want to
         | hangout on the weekends as a broke college student:
         | 
         | A. you are surrounded by aliens (cars) who look at you
         | strangely for _not_ riding a car B. There 's not a place to
         | hangout and talk to people in the street
        
         | msandford wrote:
         | That's not an actual picture of the road in the article. I'm
         | also not sure one should count the feeder or access road as a
         | part of the freeway. If you can't go freeway speeds it's
         | probably not a freeway.
        
           | fourthark wrote:
           | I counted 40 lanes in that picture!
        
             | red369 wrote:
             | I think that photo might not be of a real place - here is a
             | discussion trying to locate it:
             | 
             | https://www.reddit.com/r/whereisthis/comments/iss0vj/where_
             | i...
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | jfk13 wrote:
           | While that picture doesn't belong with the article (it's not
           | the Katy freeway mentioned, if indeed it's a genuine photo at
           | all and not a photoshop job), the real thing in Texas seems
           | dystopian enough in its own right: https://www.google.com/map
           | s/@29.7847495,-95.5325233,3a,75y,2...
        
             | frosted-flakes wrote:
             | Seems pretty similar to the 401 in Toronto, which is 18
             | lanes wide on some parts (not including merge lanes or
             | access lanes):
             | 
             | https://www.google.ca/maps/@43.64726,-79.6370771,631m/data=
             | !...
        
         | bcrosby95 wrote:
         | Not all suburbs are complete car dependence. Plenty of kids
         | biked in their suburbs in the '80s and '90s. In the '90s I
         | would alternate between biking and walking to and from a school
         | that was 2.5 miles away. And within that 2.5 miles there was
         | plenty of things for me to do.
         | 
         | Since then, I've lived in about 7 different US suburbs. All had
         | things to do within about 1.5 miles of where I lived, and I
         | wasn't exactly aiming for mobility.
         | 
         | This last year, I walked my kid to elementary school every day.
         | It's a 10 minute walk. My 3 neighbors, whose kids go to the
         | same school, drive them.
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | I lived in a subway like you describe. The slightly newer
           | suburbs didn't have sidewalks, and had non-leveled, unmowed
           | (easy to twist your ankle in your 20's) green space moats
           | between each housing subdivision and shopping strip mall.
           | 
           | The poor folks had to cross a narrow, 4 lane car bridge to
           | get to work. There was a bike fatality on that bridge every
           | six months or so.
           | 
           | This was in a city with above average transit and bike trails
           | for the US, but most housing was still gratuitously car
           | dependent.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | In the area where I live, the schools are in easy walking
           | distance. I never see kids walk or bike to school.
        
             | frosted-flakes wrote:
             | Maybe because you're not out right before or after school?
             | 
             | I know that at least where I live in Ontario, if you live
             | within 3 km (elementary) or 5 km (secondary) of the school
             | you are not entitled to bus pick-up. Maybe some parents
             | drive their kids, but most kids walk, and a few bike. Also,
             | if you live farther away than that, the bus stop could be
             | as far away as 0.5 km where the bus picks up a lot of kids
             | at one time (unless you live on a busy highway, in which
             | case it will be at your driveway).
             | 
             | Related: late last night I sent an email to my city
             | councilor to see about getting bike lanes added to some of
             | the roads in the neighbourhood of two schools. One of my
             | arguments was that it would make it more viable for kids to
             | bike to school. I've had this thought _years_ ago, but only
             | now did I decide to actually see if I could get it done. To
             | my surprise, the councilor _and_ the mayor responded early
             | this (Saturday) morning, both in agreement and said they
             | would add it to the agenda for discussion and invited me to
             | send further comments to their Master Transportation Plan
             | that will soon be meeting (I believe this is something they
             | do every 10 years). We 'll see if it actually gets done,
             | but I'm hopeful.
        
               | bcrosby95 wrote:
               | In my experience, a lot of these people (mayor's, etc)
               | are huge transit nerds. The problem is getting the
               | citizens and budget behind it.
        
         | mgdlbp wrote:
         | > Critics say that the road will simply attract more traffic,
         | but the way in which it is managed means that traffic is
         | dispersed and therefore means there is less congestion than
         | your average motorway.
         | 
         | What's the incentive for a UK construction talent agency to
         | defend it? I don't actually grok any road traffic science aside
         | from repeatedly seeing induced demand[0] mentioned; is there
         | any truth in that?
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_demand
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > [...] _induced demand[0] mentioned; is there any truth in
           | that?_
           | 
           | RAND Europe 2018 study for the UK Department for Transport,
           | "Induced travel demand: an evidence review":
           | 
           | > _The objective of this study was therefore to review the
           | empirical evidence on induced demand, with a view to
           | understanding the size of the effect and where and under what
           | conditions it occurs. In practice, measured induced traffic
           | effects will depend on the time period over which they are
           | measured, the geographical area and whether short-run or long
           | run effects, particularly on land use, are included. While
           | the impact of background growth is not included in this
           | review, empirical studies of induced travel need to control
           | for background traffic growth, as well as traffic changing
           | route (reassigned traffic)._
           | 
           | [...]
           | 
           | > _The evidence reviewed in this study supports the findings
           | of the SACTRA (1994) report that induced traffic does exist,
           | though its size and significance is likely to vary in
           | different circumstances. It was not possible to obtain any
           | qualitative understanding about the composition of induced
           | traffic in terms of new trips, redistributed trips, transfers
           | between modes and trips associated with new developments.
           | There remain wide variations in the quantitative evidence
           | that make it difficult to draw conclusions about the
           | magnitude of the impact of induced demand from road capacity
           | improvements on the Strategic Road Network. However, we draw
           | some tentative conclusions:_
           | 
           | * https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/induced-travel-
           | de...
           | 
           | * PDF: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/up
           | loads/...
           | 
           | 2021 follow-up, "Induced travel demand: analytical research":
           | 
           | * https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/induced-travel-
           | de...
           | 
           | From the Netherlands:
           | 
           | > _The increase in traffic volume that arises after opening
           | of new road infrastructure, is often attributed to 'induced
           | demand'. The objective of this study is to provide
           | empirically derived insights in this phenomenon, in the
           | amount of induced demand and in the benefits that adding road
           | infrastructure has for users. Based on multivariate analyses
           | of detailed data in The Netherlands from 2000-2012, it is
           | concluded that the amount of induced demand in total is
           | relatively low and that the relatively large increase in
           | traffic volume during peak hours on roads that were congested
           | before adding lanes mainly has been caused by shifts in route
           | and departure time. The benefits of the new infrastructure
           | for users have been calculated in terms of savings of travel
           | time and travel time reliability. Implications for cost-
           | benefit analyses of road investments have been reviewed._
           | 
           | * https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.008
           | 
           | Huge amounts of academic literature on this.
        
             | mgdlbp wrote:
        
         | larryett wrote:
         | It is absurd to say there is no place to walk in the suburbs.
         | People just walk on the suburban streets. Most suburban streets
         | are obviously not the highway. I just got back from a walk in
         | the suburbs and passed 5 other people out for their morning
         | walk. I don't think I even passed a car.
         | 
         | My impression of mall walking is that it was largely used by
         | people when the weather was bad.
        
           | bluejekyll wrote:
           | One thing missing in a lot of suburban places is the ability
           | to walk to do chores.
           | 
           | Out of curiosity, what destinations do you have within 15
           | minutes of walking? Can you buy milk? Go to the bank? Have
           | access to a coffee place? Etc.
           | 
           | It's nice to have walking paths, but so many new developments
           | in the US seem to actively make walking a poor option (beyond
           | exercise). The roads in many of these areas even if there is
           | a store nearby are upwards of four or five lanes across, and
           | then the stores are setback behind huge parking lots without
           | much protected walking from the street to the store.
        
             | jjav wrote:
             | > One thing missing in a lot of suburban places is the
             | ability to walk to do chores.
             | 
             | Within 15 minutes walk of my very suburban house there are
             | two supermarkets, two pharmacies, many restaurants (some
             | fast food but also real restaurants), multiple coffee
             | shops, movie theaters, library & post office, hardware
             | stores, other misc stores, multiple banks & credit unions
             | and other things I'm forgetting to list.
             | 
             | One question I've asked in these threads in the past is
             | where are these suburbs where you can't get to anything
             | except by driving half an hour? I'd be curious for specific
             | place names that I can look up in maps to get a sense of
             | what they're like. Because having mostly lived in suburbs,
             | I've never experienced that. There's always walkable
             | destinations in all suburban areas I've seen. Could someone
             | post a few addresses of these unwalkable suburbs?
             | 
             | I've also lived in a rural area, and yes there a car was
             | essentially a must to go anywhere. I could and did
             | sometimes walk (was young and bored) but it was more than
             | an hour walk to anywhere. But that was definitely rural, we
             | had many acres of forest, certainly not a suburb.
        
               | niftich wrote:
               | Norfolk / Virginia Beach, VA:
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/maps/dir/36.7727569,-76.0409875/Ha
               | rri...
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/maps/dir/36.7651538,-75.9875131/AL
               | DI,...
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/maps/dir/36.695792,-76.2014209/Har
               | ris...
               | 
               | Charlotte, NC:
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/maps/dir/35.1699757,-80.7776553/Pu
               | bli...
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/maps/dir/35.3178445,-80.8026925/Fo
               | od+...
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/maps/dir/35.1256141,-80.764483/Har
               | ris...
               | 
               | Oklahoma City:
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/maps/dir/35.5530786,-97.5514845/Wa
               | lma...
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/maps/dir/35.4038959,-97.5743727/Ca
               | sh+...
               | 
               | Las Vegas:
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/maps/dir/36.2812358,-115.1554982/S
               | mit...
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/maps/dir/35.9958535,-115.1523847/W
               | alm...
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | Great links, thanks!
               | 
               | The North Carolina ones I wouldn't quite consider a
               | suburb, given the large forested areas and huge lots,
               | that's pretty rural already.
               | 
               | The VA and OK ones are good examples! At least the roads
               | seem nice for cycling.
               | 
               | Las Vegas seems particularly hellish, with the heat
               | probably wouldn't even cycle these routes.
        
               | niftich wrote:
               | Perhaps it's a terminology issue. No one in the visible
               | map frames of the Charlotte links would consider
               | themselves to live in a 'rural' area. Sure, their
               | neighborhood might be pleasant and quiet, and there's
               | abundant tree cover, but the mapped path is alongside
               | houses the entire time. The linear density is high. In a
               | rural area, there exist lots with generous road frontage
               | that interrupt the linear sea of homes.
               | 
               | This is a nearby area that those residents would agree is
               | rural: https://www.google.com/maps/@35.3612637,-80.381869
               | 9,5696m/da...
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | Yes, there is certainly terminology ambiguity on what
               | "suburb" is.
               | 
               | To me the huge lots, big setbacks of houses away from
               | street and major forest cover, isn't a suburb. The new
               | link you posted seem more like farmland, not rural
               | housing.
               | 
               | To me a suburb is where houses or townhouses (but no
               | highrises) are packed next to each other in small lots.
               | 
               | But yes, it would be useful to have more specific
               | definitions of housing densities instead of dumping
               | everything that's not farmland or Manhattan into
               | "suburb".
        
             | eropple wrote:
             | _> One thing missing in a lot of suburban places is the
             | ability to walk to do chores. ... what destinations do you
             | have within 15 minutes of walking? Can you buy milk? Go to
             | the bank? Have access to a coffee place? Etc._
             | 
             | This represents in part a terminology clash, I think, and I
             | think it impacts the discussion a lot. "Suburb" means
             | different things in different parts of the country. I live
             | on the edge of what you'd call "suburbs" around Boston, and
             | yes to all of these; my morning routine is to walk about
             | 7-8 minutes down to the nearest convenience store for a
             | morning beverage and maybe a bagel. It's next to my bank,
             | across the street is a coffee shop and a couple of nice
             | bars. Maybe five minutes past that is a liquor store, an
             | Indian food market, and my auto mechanic.
             | 
             | I can be in downtown Boston, by train, in 30 minutes, but
             | unless I throw on a backpack and walk 2.5 miles round-trip
             | I'm not going to the hardware store or to a full-size
             | grocery store. Which I do, when I have the time, but here's
             | where the overlap with more conventional "suburbs" happens:
             | _when I 'm walking somewhere, nobody else is_. It's totally
             | doable and totally reasonable, even in bad weather, but the
             | locals don't have that mindset, so they don't do it.
             | 
             | Much of what folks like Strongtowns talk about is actually
             | represented pretty well in my New England town, but we're
             | the "burbs" because we're outside the city proper. On the
             | other hand, I've been to places like Des Moines, IA, and
             | the suburbs are just car parks as far as the eye can see.
        
         | PebblesRox wrote:
         | Reminds me of this image of the city center of Florence shown
         | to-scale next to a single highway interchange.
         | 
         | https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2019/11/19/visualizing-p...
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | Our mall has 4 busses an hour and it is becoming a non-profit
       | center as stores fade away, the Hospital moved in COVID testing
       | and vaccination and will be moving in more medical officers,
       | other kinds of NGOs such as toy banks are moving in. (E.g. there
       | is no 'toy store' to compete with it, no 'pet shop' to compete
       | with the SPCA, etc.
        
         | al_borland wrote:
         | From what I've seen malls are consolidating. The good ones
         | continue to do well and get even nicer, while all the others
         | slowly die as people make the trek to the good mall. There is
         | no room in the market for average.
         | 
         | It will be interesting to see what happens to them as they die,
         | as they are quite unique pieces of real estate.
        
           | xoxxala wrote:
           | Here in Orange County, CA, they are converting some dead
           | malls to apartment complexes.
        
             | fibonachos wrote:
             | Seems like an amazing opportunity to build a pedestrian-
             | centric community. Include a grocery store, coffee shop,
             | gym, and some green space, with automobile infrastructure
             | exclusively below ground or on the periphery. The idea
             | being that you don't need a car for most of your daily
             | needs. Doesn't sound half-bad to me if I'm a renter (which
             | I was for most of my adult life).
        
             | tomcam wrote:
             | Haven't lived there in 30 years. Which ones? Guessing
             | Orange Mall, maybe some in Garden Grove or Santa Ana?
        
             | al_borland wrote:
             | That would be pretty interesting. Are they mixed use
             | spaces? It would be kind of cool to have an apartment with
             | shops you can just walk to, like a little town square.
             | 
             | It would be quite ironic to live in an old mall, while then
             | needing to drive to get anything.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Where I live there is a shopping plaza that does quite well
           | overall with a _very_ busy chain home improvement store and
           | supermarket. Some other stores like Starbucks that seem to do
           | very well also. But the central mall anchored by largely
           | defunct department stores is effectively dead.
           | 
           | At the same time , as you say, there are vibrant shopping
           | malls within 30-45 minutes.
        
       | webwielder2 wrote:
       | The lack of large plazas and walkable streets in the US really
       | bums me out. I wish I was European, there I said it.
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | I've walked all over US cities. Hell I've walked from one side
         | of SF to the other.
        
           | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
           | Same. But those parts of SF tend to be super unaffordable.
        
             | presentation wrote:
             | You also have to know them well enough to avoid the shady
             | areas, not look muggable, not be female, not be small, not
             | carry anything that looks remotely valuable, and only walk
             | during daylight hours or else you're taking a significant
             | risk (though all of that didn't save me from random verbal
             | abuse when walking around the city or taking public transit
             | nonetheless). And you have to be cool with places being
             | totally filthy, and regularly cross 6-lane roads on a
             | regular basis (yes, most of SF is like this). Plus you have
             | to have a thick skin to see the abject horrors of
             | homelessness and drug addiction everyday and convince
             | yourself, "yup, this is normal and totally fine".
             | 
             | Yeah, that was fine for me when I was a 20 year old,
             | relatively large man who didn't know that the rest of the
             | world has much more hospitable places for pedestrians and
             | human beings generally, but no thanks today. Kinda
             | depressing that at least from a walkability standpoint it's
             | about as good as it gets for the USA.
        
         | ars wrote:
         | Europe is pretty small - just pick a small subset of the US
         | that meets your needs and enjoy it. The US has a huge variety.
         | If a small section is good, you don't need the rest to change.
        
           | presentation wrote:
           | Uh, Europe and the USA have similar area (with Europe being
           | slightly larger). Though Europe has 2.5x the population.
        
           | micromacrofoot wrote:
           | There aren't many small sections of america that are walkable
           | like europe, and the small areas that are happen to be very
           | unaffordable
        
         | Godel_unicode wrote:
         | They're taking applicants.
        
       | octokatt wrote:
       | The lesson I'm taking away from this is if the U.S. wanted to
       | support its increasing senior population and improve the
       | loneliness epidemic [1] _and_ obesity epidemic, buying up malls
       | and retrofitting them into public community spaces would be a
       | huge step in the right direction.
       | 
       | [1] https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/loneliness-an-
       | epidem...
        
         | phil21 wrote:
         | Very mixed feelings about this sort of thing.
         | 
         | On one hand, it's practical and seems to immediately offer a
         | minor amount of relief for a very small number of people. Don't
         | let perfect be the enemy of good and all that.
         | 
         | On the other hand, the urban design that caused the social
         | fabric of the country to fall apart will remain, causing the
         | problem to continue unabated. You need to fix this before the
         | people get old to have any meaningful wider impact on the
         | population.
         | 
         | Seems like some form of surface-level McCivics vs. actually
         | building up lasting civic institutions that can endure and
         | strengthen the community throughout all life phases.
        
           | starkd wrote:
           | Building up lasting institutions is only going to happen from
           | the ground up, starting at the local level. I tend to doubt
           | it can successfully be imposed from the top down - especially
           | not by the government.
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | What about the national parks service?
        
               | starkd wrote:
               | Not really a "civic institution". that's a governement
               | agency.
        
             | micromacrofoot wrote:
             | maybe not the federal government, but states could do it -
             | eliminating single-family zoning, for example
        
         | feet wrote:
         | We could even turn malls into arcologies, walkable and highly
         | social housing and amenities
        
           | newaccount2021 wrote:
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | or we could build our cities and towns so they are pleasant to
         | walk around in!!!
        
           | codemonkey-zeta wrote:
           | A fantastic group in this space is strongtowns (.org). The
           | essays on their site have really opened my eyes to the
           | particularities of American infrastructure which make life in
           | those places ... suboptimal. I'm particularly fond of the
           | "stroads" essay
           | https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2017/10/30/the-stroad,
           | and share the term with people IRL, who also seen tickled by
           | it.
        
           | starkd wrote:
           | Most of them were pleasant to walk around in at one time!!!
        
             | iso1631 wrote:
             | Certainly not in the days of the horse and cart
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | tomcam wrote:
       | > Anderson, sitting in for a day, observes the largely male
       | population commenting on ladies' dress and appearance, reading
       | the paper, and, in one case, getting served coffee by a woman
       | acting as mall "wife."
       | 
       | Wut
       | 
       | Couldn't find references on the Web... what is a mall wife?
        
         | throwawayForMe2 wrote:
         | Have you heard of a "work wife"?
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_spouse
        
       | causality0 wrote:
       | One aspect of shopping malls I feel is vastly underappreciated is
       | how they fulfilled the needs of those of us on the spectrum or
       | who are otherwise antisocial. Shopping malls let us immerse
       | ourselves in socializing people without having any responsibility
       | to engage directly with individuals. I found it quite blissful to
       | be in a crowded space and feel like a social participant without
       | expending any "social battery" to do so. These days I still visit
       | my local mall around Christmas time for the feeling. I find it
       | sad today's teenagers don't get the same experience.
        
       | jkingsman wrote:
       | For a bit of a topical giggle, this 1987 woman is... /super/
       | passionate about her mall walking.
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMfPDBahbPI
        
         | hubblesticks wrote:
         | I am having a very hard time telling if this is scripted/ad-
         | libbed or a real person. I hope it's a real person because it's
         | wonderful.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | I'm leaning toward scripted. It's a fairly easy set up for a
           | joke.
           | 
           | Like this sort of stuff, they're shorter than that segment
           | but sort of the same idea:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9hRIjys4Qw
        
             | throw0101a wrote:
             | > _I 'm leaning toward scripted._
             | 
             | This is (allegedly?) a segment from the British documentary
             | series _Equinox_ , from the episode "Malltime":
             | 
             | * https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15434612/
             | 
             | * https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0264241/
             | 
             | * https://tftsarchive.gla.ac.uk/vod/maindisplay/?mid=7203&n
             | id=...
             | 
             | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinox_(TV_programme)
             | 
             | So an actual person it seems.
        
             | hubblesticks wrote:
             | It feels that way too. I was just hoping it might have been
             | authentic! Either way it is lovely. Thanks for sharing it!
        
       | presentation wrote:
       | I used to live in US suburbs, but now live in Tokyo - a lot of
       | older postwar-constructed neighborhoods especially on Chuo Line
       | from Nakano-Kichijoji have covered shopping arcades (shotengai)
       | that are well connected to transit (as one would expect from
       | Tokyo) and really nice to be in - it's like halfway between the
       | accessible/controlled nature of malls (though without air
       | conditioning), and a normal urban setting.
       | 
       | Separately, my suburban hometown in the US seems to be leaning
       | into urbanism, with a (n artificial-feeling) human-scale city
       | development with nice outdoor shopping and mixed use development
       | (apartments, office, and retail space) in the middle of a parking
       | lot and strip mall-dominated wasteland. It feels like that area
       | is boomeing, seems like a trend of these urban islands in the
       | deep suburbs is getting popular (presumably to the detriment of
       | the nearby city itself).
       | 
       | Meanwhile the malls are getting either destroyed, repurposed into
       | other stuff like warehouses, or remain open but have the weirdest
       | niche shops which I don't really understand how they survive. I
       | never liked the feeling of being in a mall, it just feels like a
       | weird commercial dystopia to me when I'm in them, but never
       | thought of them from the perspective of inclusivity and
       | accessibility. Guess the biggest flaw is that they tend to be
       | inconvenient to get to, in places that are inaccessible to start
       | with.
        
       | tomcam wrote:
       | > After police officers removed elderly Korean Americans from a
       | McDonald's in Flushing, Queens -- managers claimed the group
       | overstayed their welcome, buying only coffee and french fries
       | 
       | Before you judge McDonald's... this is a thing in Asia. Talk
       | privately to someone who works in a Shanghai Walmart, IKEA, and
       | so on, and you will learn that massive groups of these
       | freeloading aunties can shut down any business with a free place
       | to sit for hours. They will buy as close to nothing as possible,
       | are rude to employees, and are not averse to clotting up a
       | business for half the day or more.
       | 
       | Sounds vaguely comical but it's severely not fun if you're an
       | employee or prospective paying customer who just wants to park
       | the kids, grab a bowl of noodles and rest your dogs for a few
       | minutes.
        
         | Markoff wrote:
         | Since when job should be fun? Who cares they are rude? It's not
         | like there is some law you must be nice to employee, especially
         | if they are bothering you.
         | 
         | Lived in China for years and yes, IKEA in Beijing is occupied
         | by families enjoying bedrooms and living rooms, sleeping there,
         | hanging there, but I've never seen it as issue and never seen
         | any conflicts, that's just how it works there and I can
         | understand these people considering temperatures in China and
         | some of them not having AC (or saving money).
         | 
         | By your logic you could complain about Chinese/Asians not
         | giving tips or bringing their own drinks to restaurants. These
         | both may seem outrageous to American SJW, but I find it as
         | European actually very nice and logical behavior. Why should I
         | be giving any tips to someone getting salary, do you give tips
         | to policeman, clerk in supermarket or McD staff? Doesn't
         | business ear enough money from the food I order that they need
         | to rob me on drinks as well? Well, I might as well eat at home,
         | if they like it more, if they have problem with me bringing my
         | own drink.
        
           | tomcam wrote:
           | > Since when job should be fun?
           | 
           | I love your attitude, seriously. Many, many people would
           | actually be happier in life if they knew their job doesn't
           | owe them everything.
           | 
           | My use of "not fun" was meant to be understatement, a gentle
           | Way of saying that working conditions are highly unpleasant.
           | And while I don't feel everyone's jobs have to be fun, I do
           | think it's my moral obligation not to darken anyone's days if
           | I can avoid it.
           | 
           | > By your logic you could complain about Chinese/Asians not
           | giving tips or bringing their own drinks to restaurants.
           | 
           | And don't worry, I find those practices to be just as
           | unpleasant. My wife and I laugh about it routinely.
           | 
           | > Why should I be giving any tips to someone getting salary,
           | do you give tips to policeman, clerk in supermarket or McD
           | staff?
           | 
           | You may have chosen the wrong hacker news person for this
           | discussion. It's illegal to give tips to policeman, but I
           | regularly give tips to both clerks in the supermarket and
           | McDonald's.
           | 
           | > Doesn't business earn enough money from the food I order
           | that they need to rob me on drinks as well?
           | 
           | Preach, brother! The whole concept of tips is alien to me
           | because if it's inconsistency in the application. I am a
           | generous tipper but I am completely baffled as to why I
           | should tip some people versus others. But what I do know is
           | that everyone loves to get tips. And if I can afford it, why
           | not make the day a little bit better?
           | 
           | > Well, I might as well eat at home, if they like it more, if
           | they have problem with me bringing my own drink.
           | 
           | Judging from the rest of your message I think that's a great
           | idea
        
           | charlescearl wrote:
           | If the elders and families on the periphery can't catch a
           | break at capitalism's expense in PRC then we are done.
           | 
           | > Doesn't business ear enough money from the food I order
           | that they need to rob me on drinks as well?
           | 
           | Exactly!
        
           | jancsika wrote:
           | > These both may seem outrageous to American SJW
           | 
           | Yes-- for far too long we've been putting up with these
           | insufferable American SJWs and their _reflexive defense of
           | the private property rights of megacorporations to refuse
           | service to loiterers?_
           | 
           | I unironically love this definition of SJW and vow to use it
           | in all future HN posts where I can shoe-horn it in.
           | 
           | Edit: clarification
        
           | [deleted]
        
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