[HN Gopher] In a small trial, drugs seemed to rejuvenate the bod...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       In a small trial, drugs seemed to rejuvenate the body's 'epigenetic
       clock' (2019)
        
       Author : tayne
       Score  : 222 points
       Date   : 2022-06-04 02:32 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | gdudeman wrote:
       | Before you run out to get some growth hormone, you should be
       | aware that metformin seems to extend health span and life span
       | quite effectively alone.
       | 
       | Even people with diabetes live longer on metformin than a control
       | group that is not on metformin.
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25041462/
        
         | altgeek wrote:
         | The issue with metformin is your own personal gastrointestinal
         | sensitivity to it. If you're tried it in the past and quit,
         | people have reported success with the time-released variant.
         | See https://www.drugs.com/pro/metformin-extended-release-
         | tablets...
        
       | asimpleusecase wrote:
       | I'm no fan of death, but death (by natural causes - age, sickness
       | , accident) has been how different generations have gotten rid
       | some of the worst despots.
        
         | mrcartmeneses wrote:
         | "The hate of men will pass and dictators die. And the power
         | they took from the people will return to the people. And so
         | long as men die, liberty will never perish."
        
         | richardw wrote:
         | Similarly:
         | 
         | "Science progresses one funeral at a time".
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck%27s_principle
        
         | D-Coder wrote:
         | "Give me liberty AND give me death"?
         | 
         | I'd prefer to solve the despot problem in a way that doesn't
         | involve me getting dead.
         | 
         | Several countries have managed to not have despots for long
         | periods.
        
         | Dudeman112 wrote:
         | Sounds like a self solving problem.
         | 
         | I reckon people will start caring about their despots if they
         | expect to live a millennium under the despots' boot
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | I suspect people not caring is not the main underlying cause
           | of despots.
        
             | DarylZero wrote:
             | Despots make sure the people who care are killed off (or at
             | least marginalized, say in prison), leaving only people who
             | don't.
        
           | r3drock wrote:
           | I would not be so sure about that.
           | 
           | If you were expecting to live a much longer life, people
           | might grow more fearful about the consequences of speaking up
           | against a dictator.
        
       | johnlbevan2 wrote:
       | Presumably 6 months later you'll have to put your body clock
       | forwards again in time for Spring.
        
         | swader999 wrote:
         | Depends where you live.
        
       | cerol wrote:
       | If a cheap, reliable technique of halting or slowing down the
       | "epigenetic clock" hits the market, and assuming its main effect
       | on a population level is increased life span, wouldn't it make
       | the demographics of most developed countries even worse?
       | 
       | It's still unclear whether or not "automation" will compensate an
       | ageing population, and prevent a demographic collapse. But having
       | a pill that makes people live longer (even if it's 5 to 10
       | years), wouldn't it be like throwing an entire gas station into
       | the fire?
        
         | forum_ghost wrote:
         | > throwing an entire gas station into the fire?
         | 
         | Why? Longer span can also mean longer healthspan.
        
         | stevenjgarner wrote:
         | If an ageing population has increased health span, they will
         | also be able to work and contribute longer. "Population growth
         | has declined mainly due to the abrupt decline in the global
         | total fertility rate, from 5.0 in 1960 to 2.3 in 2020. The
         | decline in the total fertility rate has occurred in every
         | region of the world and is a result of a process known as
         | demographic transition." [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_decline
        
         | Qem wrote:
         | Depends on where the additional years are added. Around the
         | middle of life or in its end.
        
       | jamesblonde wrote:
       | Epigenetics is fascinating. I just came back from a project
       | meeting, where i work with people who discovered that HRT
       | (hormone replacement therapy) slows down epithelial cell aging.
       | Epithelial cells are the cells that cover all your vital organs,
       | so they are important for aging.
       | 
       | Now, there are even commercial companies that measure Epigenetic
       | age of cells with a technique called DNA methylation.
       | 
       | References:
       | https://investinaustria.at/en/news/2022/03/epigenetic-clock-...
       | 
       | https://www.mydnage.com/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwheyUBhD-ARIsAHJNM-Mrk...
        
         | realitsflat wrote:
         | DNA methylation is not a technique that can be applied. It is a
         | biological system present in your cells silencing expression of
         | genes that are not useful for a cells current behavior.
         | Differently differentiated cells have different "genes
         | methylated" and thus inactivated which govern their behavior
         | and potential for further sub-differentiation. Indiscriminately
         | "reversing methylation" would probably lead to a lot of
         | "cancering".
        
           | jamesblonde wrote:
           | You don't apply DNA methylation - it is the basis for
           | measuring epigenetic age. I mentioned HRT as one way of
           | reducing epigenetic age for epithelial cells.
        
             | realitsflat wrote:
             | Right, just wanted to clear up the concept.
             | 
             | The reference you gave measure blood or urine samples which
             | would probably not be representative of epithelial cells.
             | Also i like non-descriptive but professional looking stock
             | photos of multi-pipettes and the ubiquitus vortex genie 2.
             | Extra points for consecutive photos of the same tip-rack in
             | obviously proffessional use.
        
         | aaaaaaaaaaab wrote:
         | Time to hit up my gymrat brother for some testosterone I guess!
        
           | moonchrome wrote:
           | Not sure riding high on dirty test (dosing TRT levels off
           | toilet test going around gyms will be next to impossible)
           | will slow down ageing - but it will probably make you juicy.
           | Make sure to hit the gym to double the gainz.
        
             | aaaaaaaaaaab wrote:
             | Oh, forgot to add that my brother is also an MD resident ;)
             | Although he's doing opthamology :/
        
       | random_upvoter wrote:
       | Isn't it weird how we were created by a supposedly "dumb"
       | universe but yet we can't find the cheat code?
        
         | mft_ wrote:
         | Quite the opposite, I think?
         | 
         |  _Because_ the process is 'dumb' (as you put it) we evolved via
         | chaos rather than order. It therefore follows that how we work
         | is complex and disordered - and an easy 'cheat code' doesn't
         | exist.
        
       | giardini wrote:
       | What are the 3 ingredients? HGH, possibly metformin and what
       | else? The article does not clearly state.
        
         | ceasesurthinko wrote:
         | dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
        
         | donthellbanme wrote:
        
         | LinuxBender wrote:
         | DHEA, Metformin and HGH.
         | 
         | My personal preference is to replace Metformin with Berberine
         | since I can get it online or grow it in a greenhouse and it is
         | less likely to induce lactic acidosis. One can fast for 72+
         | hours to get a massive spike in HGH. I am not a doctor and this
         | is not medical advice.
         | 
         | I also consume desiccated Thymus in capsule form following the
         | "like improves like" theories.
         | 
         | Here is a video discussing the latest results the article is
         | talking about [1].
         | 
         | [1] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KukRAXnNOJM
        
           | giardini wrote:
           | Thank you.
           | 
           | Are you seeing results? And does it improve healing (skin and
           | knee injuries here) ?
        
             | LinuxBender wrote:
             | I use these and many other molecules so my answer would be
             | far from scientific. Anecdotally I can say that I heal
             | faster than anyone I know of at or near my age. I also look
             | and feel younger than anyone I know of at or near my age. I
             | do not get sick and have no age related pain. There are too
             | many confounding processes and molecules to attribute my
             | results to these specific things however.
        
           | giardini wrote:
           | LinuxBender says
           | 
           |  _> " One can fast for 72+ hours to get a massive spike in
           | HGH."<_
           | 
           | Relevant URL:
           | 
           | https://hrtguru.com/does-fasting-really-increase-hgh-levels/
           | 
           | referenced articles therein say fasting 48 hours causes a
           | 5-fold increase in HGH, fasting 5 days causes a 10-fold
           | increase, but that 5 days of fasting also _makes the cells
           | unable to utilize the extra HGH_ :
           | 
           |  _" Despite the fact that fasting may increase your growth
           | hormone, it actually suppresses the anabolic effects of HGH.
           | That's because fasting lowers the sensitivity of your cells
           | towards HGH, and decreases its main anabolic mediator called
           | Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
           | 
           | Thus you will not experience the benefits of increased HGH on
           | muscle mass, energy levels, etc. ..."_
        
             | LinuxBender wrote:
             | Agreed. One has to cycle the fasting / exercising /
             | rebuilding. Each trainer and nutritionist appear to have
             | their own preferences to maximize this effect but they also
             | have many confounding treatments and are usually already
             | quite healthy.
             | 
             | I would suggest researching this more on the PubMed nih.gov
             | site as they get into a little more details and usually
             | have decent controls in place in some of the studies. Their
             | search function is awful so I suggest using the following
             | on google to get better results:
             | site:nih.gov "search terms"
        
       | __warlord__ wrote:
       | I'll be happy if two things happen:
       | 
       | 1. I can have "better years" in the same lifespan. Lots of energy
       | at 90 for instance.
       | 
       | 2. I can increase the lifespan of my dog by 50 years :)
        
         | more_corn wrote:
         | I think daily exercise can get you #1 As for #2 Totally. We'll
         | only show that we deserve longer lifespans if we solve it first
         | for dogs.
        
         | xiphias2 wrote:
         | 90 is still an exceptional lifespan even if you take care of
         | yourself. Human system breaks down randomly after the age of
         | 70, and the complete breakdown depends on luck.
        
         | gdudeman wrote:
         | If you have a large dog, you can sign up for a lifespan
         | extension study now with rapamycin.
         | https://dogagingproject.org/
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | steeleyespan wrote:
       | Exercise, fasting, and saunas are probably the strongest things
       | we can control here.
        
       | xwdv wrote:
       | What does it really mean to rewind a persons age? Does hair get
       | less gray, does skin get less wrinkly, does cartilage regrow?
        
         | elihu wrote:
         | This is a good question:
         | 
         | > Horvath used four different epigenetic clocks to assess each
         | patient's biological age, and he found significant reversal for
         | each trial participant in all of the tests.
         | 
         | Presumably the "epigenetic clocks" are correlated with age, but
         | it's not clear if changes to the epigenetic clocks causes
         | aging, or aging causes changes to the epigenetic clocks. (Maybe
         | it's both?) Is this like overhauling the engine in an old car
         | to make it function like new, or is it more like rolling back
         | the odometer to make it seem new?
        
           | refurb wrote:
           | Exactly. And this is why the FDA won't approve drugs based on
           | changes to biomarker (which is what these "epigenetic clocks"
           | are) unless a direct link between that biomarker and a
           | beneficial outcomes has been proven.
        
             | moh_maya wrote:
             | unless its for Alzheimer's? [0]
             | 
             | 'The FDA's eventual decision to ignore the advice of its
             | advisory committee and approve the drug, it says, was based
             | on aducanumab's ability to lower levels of amyloid plaques
             | in the brain -- protein clumps that some scientists think
             | cause Alzheimer's.'
             | 
             | ...
             | 
             | With aducanumab, the agency has shown that it is willing to
             | push the paradigm to a broader set of people. One reason
             | that decision has attracted criticism is that decreased
             | levels of amyloid plaques are an unvalidated and
             | contentious marker of a drug's activity.
             | 
             | In large trials of other Alzheimer's drug candidates,
             | amyloid lowering has not led to cognitive benefits, and
             | this has made it a sticking point for researchers.' [0]
             | 
             | [0] https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01763-9
        
               | nick__m wrote:
               | I wonder if those amyloid lowering drugs could have a
               | prophylactic effect while having no curative effects. I
               | would love to see a trial in people at high risk of
               | Alzheimer...
        
             | swader999 wrote:
             | And human lifespan, the best meaningful outcome, is too
             | long for any study to use.
        
       | hericium wrote:
       | I was expecting the article would be about nicotinamide
       | mononucleotide (NMN)[1]. "Lifespan..."[2], a book on the subject,
       | and more recent publications also mention rapamycin[3][4][5] and
       | metformin[6][7][8].
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinamide_mononucleotide
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifespan:_Why_We_Age_%E2%80%93...
       | 
       | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirolimus
       | 
       | [4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3972801/
       | 
       | [5] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6814615/
       | 
       | [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin
       | 
       | [7] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7990352/
       | 
       | [8] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31405774/
        
       | SubiculumCode wrote:
       | I thought for a second that this was a branch off of R.
        
       | mtw wrote:
       | Did they continue tracking health effects years after they study
       | ? It's possible the drugs reversed the body clock but will
       | accelerate it after. Much like coffee gives you a temporary
       | boost, then makes you crash later
        
         | beanjuice wrote:
         | By what basis do you make this estimation? The factors for
         | aging and feeling awake arent exactly comparable.
        
           | DarylZero wrote:
           | They're both cyclical.
        
             | lallysingh wrote:
             | How's aging cyclical?
        
       | darkerside wrote:
       | Can we add (2019) to the title?
        
       | awsrocks wrote:
        
       | narrator wrote:
       | You can do this at home, except for the little inconvenience that
       | growth hormone is a scheduled drug. I wonder what the results
       | would be with just growth hormone. Let's ask Sylvester
       | Stallone[1] who looks great for 75 and got caught trying to get
       | into Australia with illicit Growth Hormone a while ago[2].
       | 
       | [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone
       | 
       | [2]https://abcnews.go.com/Health/ActiveAging/story?id=3176015
        
         | pseingatl wrote:
         | It has to be refrigerated, which makes travel difficult. Not to
         | mention the hypodermics needed for intramuscular injections.
        
           | thelittleone wrote:
           | Growth hormone can be injected subcutaneously. They now come
           | in convenient pens with adjustable dosage that are so fine
           | you can't feel the prick. But yes, they must remain
           | refrigerated.
        
         | chefandy wrote:
         | GH by itself decreases insulin sensitivity, aggravates insulin
         | resistance, and may significantly increase cancer risk.
        
           | thelittleone wrote:
           | Insulin sensitivity and resistance are a non-issue if
           | combining HGH with a low carb diet (such as keto) and
           | fasting.
        
         | cycrutchfield wrote:
         | Ask Dave Polumbo
        
         | nick__m wrote:
         | You can significantly boost your growth hormone level by using
         | nicotinic acid (Niacin) and exercise, have a look at figure 3
         | in this paper
         | https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysio...
         | .
         | 
         | According to that paper it doesn't have a significant effect on
         | the performance during exercise but it has a large effect on
         | the serum level of GH. However it should be noted that this
         | experiment was conducted on young healthy men and I have no
         | idea if Niacin have the same effect in women or older men.
        
       | monus wrote:
       | They're conducting a Phase II trial now with 85 participants, the
       | completion date is set to November 2022.
       | 
       | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04375657
        
         | losvedir wrote:
         | I'm getting somewhat interested in this topic. How did you know
         | about this trial? I'm curious what good news sources are to
         | follow so I can see when the results are out.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Teever wrote:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31577871
       | 
       | This was a recent story that I wish had gained more traction.
        
       | epicureanideal wrote:
       | I saw this article recently that also claimed something called E5
       | could roll back aging a bit. No idea of the merits of it.
       | 
       | https://liveforever.club/blog/harold-katcher-s-e5-elixir-you...
        
       | davidedicillo wrote:
       | For anyone interested in the topic, I'd encourage reading
       | "Lifespan" by David A. Sinclair. As someone with little to no-
       | knowledge about aging (other than feeling the effects of aging on
       | myself) I found it very instructive on how our aging clock works
       | and what are some of the ongoing studies to slow down or revert
       | aging.
        
         | jeppebemad wrote:
         | I can the recommend recent interview with him on the The
         | Knowledge Project podcast. Had a lot of aha-moments listening
         | to that.
        
           | bredren wrote:
           | Thanks for the tip.
        
         | jamesblonde wrote:
         | Sorry, but he oversells his work. He has not contributed so
         | much on epigenetics, but rather nad as a supplement. He
         | oversells nad as a longevity aid. However, he advocates
         | intermittent fasting, and i heard from a epogenetics research
         | leader that there is an ongoing trial for intermittent fasting
         | reducing your epigenetic age. So sinclair is not wrong on that,
         | probably.
        
       | astrange wrote:
       | This article is a bit old (like the other comment about missing
       | year tag says).
       | 
       | I think there's newer news that AKG, an easy to get and cheap
       | supplement, has anti-aging effects with no known issues.
       | 
       | https://www.science.org/content/article/bodybuilding-supplem...
        
         | hilbertseries wrote:
         | Anti-aging effects in mice*
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | We've got to be careful or we're going to end up with super-
           | intelligent immortal mice!
        
             | donthellbanme wrote:
        
             | more_corn wrote:
             | As long as we pair the world domination seeking, brilliant
             | one with a lovable doofus we'll be ok.
        
             | sam_lowry_ wrote:
             | Put flowers on their grave
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowers_for_Algernon
        
               | CPLX wrote:
               | Don't forget Mrs. Frisby
        
               | zeristor wrote:
               | And her backing band the Rats of NIMH
        
             | altgeek wrote:
             | I always think of Don Bluth's "The Secret of NIMH" when
             | experimental pharmaceuticals edge those lil' squeakers
             | closer to being an uber-rodent.
        
             | oldgradstudent wrote:
             | Super intelligent, immortal, and free of cancer, diabetes,
             | Alzheimer, and MS.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | And with a single giant ear on their back. Don't forget
               | the giant ear.
               | 
               | (Weirdly, just saw a breathless article talking about how
               | 3D bioprinting obviates the use of rib cartilage that the
               | human-ear-on-a-mouse 25 years ago was also supposed to
               | end).
        
               | gwern wrote:
               | Not sure why you're skeptical. That ear is physically on
               | the human woman:
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/02/health/ear-
               | transplant-3d-... Even if it's rejected or otherwise
               | fails later on, that's a long way from just-in-mice
               | breathless talk.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | It's not so much scepticism as cynicism; it works, what I
               | think it doesn't do is represent a radical (rather merely
               | an incremental) improvement.
        
               | Phrenzy wrote:
               | Shh....! They can hear you!
        
             | EarlKing wrote:
             | Yes, but then we might get the answer.
        
               | bornfreddy wrote:
               | Getting the question might be a bit more challenging
               | though.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | zeristor wrote:
             | Super intelligent?
             | 
             | Meh, don't you mean Hyper-Intelligent pan-dimensional mega
             | beings who commissioned the Earth?
             | 
             | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/1MmQjXrkwp98jNdc1
             | 7...
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | If we make these mice strong, smart, and immortal enough, we
           | may convince them to find anti-aging drugs for humans as
           | well!
        
         | yojo wrote:
         | I went down this rabbit hole a little. It does seem like the
         | specific formulation of AKG _may_ matter. The commonly
         | available supplements are L-Orthinine Alpha-Ketogluterate (OKG)
         | and Arginine-Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AAKG).
         | 
         | The study in question used Calcium Alpha-Ketoglutarate (CAAKG).
         | 
         | There are a few sellers of CAAKG, but it is an order of
         | magnitude more expensive than the others. (~$1.50/gram for
         | CAAKG vs ~$.08/gram for OKG and ~$.05/gram for AAKG)
         | 
         | There have been studies in the past (for non-aging conditions)
         | that have demonstrated a difference between OKG and AAKG, so
         | it's reasonable to assume there may be a difference between
         | CAAKG and the others as well. Without a study, who knows.
         | 
         | Also as other commenters have mentioned, the only evidence so
         | far for aging related benefits is in mice. Of the human trial
         | studies I could find for OKG use, it does seem like there were
         | no reported side effects, so it might not hurt you, but it also
         | might not do anything for you.
        
         | nick__m wrote:
         | That article says that AKG was 2% of those mice diet, that a
         | lot of supplements if the dosage transpose linearly to humans!
        
         | mbreese wrote:
         | The actual paper is here [1]. And it's not quite as conclusive
         | in mammals yet. But it sounds like there is a clinical trial to
         | actually study the supplement, which is a welcome thing in the
         | anti-aging world. I'm happy to read that this work came out of
         | the Buck Institute in Novato, which is a solid research
         | institution. It's also a beautiful campus.
         | 
         | Disclaimer: I was there for a short stint as a postdoc a while
         | back and not connected to this paper at all.
         | 
         | [1] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.004
        
           | gniv wrote:
           | That articles says "Alpha-ketoglutarate is a key metabolite
           | in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and its levels change
           | upon fasting, exercise, and aging."
           | 
           | But there is no citation for this statement. Any idea where
           | to read about how these levels change naturally?
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | 01100011 wrote:
       | IIUC the epigenetic clock theory is BS. It's pushed by quacks
       | like David Sinclair but is basically a red herring.
       | 
       | i.e.
       | https://twitter.com/CharlesMBrenner/status/14317765988275404...
        
         | meowkit wrote:
         | 1) There is no "epigenetic clock theory". There is an
         | epigenetic clock though, and it's a well established system[0].
         | They are talking about measuring a cellular "age" by measuring
         | the methylation/acetylation tags on DNA and histones. These
         | tags are essential for specialized cellular function and a core
         | part of Horvath's/Sinclair's "epigenetic theory of aging".
         | 
         | 2) Sinclair is not a quack, and to depict him as such doesn't
         | help whatever opinion you're parroting. The guy has quite the
         | resume, and obviously playing the social media game doesn't
         | mean you should dismiss that.
         | 
         | 3) Linking a tweet that essentially says "no you're wrong" is
         | adding to the noise and isn't helpful. Brenner is saying
         | reversing epigenetic age isn't going to make you immortal,
         | which is true. It doesn't mean Sinclair's work is BS.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetic_clock
        
       | throwaway742 wrote:
       | Am I the only one who thinks immortality is a nightmare? I don't
       | understand people who want to live forever.
        
         | jallen_dot_dev wrote:
         | I don't understand people who don't want to at least have the
         | option. I mean, if it turns out you don't like living longer
         | you could just opt out?
         | 
         | As far as I can tell, "I don't want to live forever anyway" is
         | just cope.
        
         | lottin wrote:
         | Getting old is a nightmare. You must be very young if you don't
         | understand that.
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | When the supply of something is unlimited, it's value tends to
         | approach zero.
        
         | WHA8m wrote:
         | Depends on how you'd define 'immortality' in your though
         | experiment.
         | 
         | I'd actually disagree with you - under the premise, you'd be
         | able to end your life as you will.
         | 
         | In that case, hell yes, I'm in for that. I'm in my mid 20s and
         | the past years have been filled with burn-out, depression and
         | literal still stand career-/ education- wise. I can now really
         | grasp how short life actually is. It's so easy (I did it!) to
         | actually waste a notable portion of your life span.We're
         | talking more than half a decade. It gives me shivers. I have so
         | many interests and I'm never bored. I can find interesting
         | topics in any domain and if I could, I'd stay in university my
         | whole life. So, to make this short, I'd be the ultimate dream
         | of mine to not have to care about what to fill my life with. It
         | steamrolls me and I get a lot of fear out of it. But not the
         | fear that drives you, the fear that paralyzes.
        
         | the__alchemist wrote:
         | You say this now. How will you feel as your body gradually
         | breaks down, and you stare into the void?
        
         | throwaway2a02 wrote:
         | Since there are people who end their own lives early, i.e.
         | suicides, that position is clearly not unique.
         | 
         | But I think it boils down to where you are in life. No-one
         | would like endless suffering.
         | 
         | As for my own stance on this, i wouldn't want this to happen
         | simply because it will greatly exacerbate the gap between the
         | haves and have-nots, the poor and the well-off. It will
         | completely throw the current social equilibrium out of the
         | window.
         | 
         | And I'm mainly talking about life extension, since i find
         | immortality a foolish/impossible goal.
        
         | krageon wrote:
         | I like to look at it holistically. If you don't want to live
         | forever, your life is a rounding error anyway. May as well die
         | today. Don't want to do that? Why do you imagine you want to do
         | that in ten years?
        
         | pawelmurias wrote:
         | I don't understand fearing immortality and wanting to actually
         | get old. It's a common theme in silly trite science fiction but
         | never seen a good argument for why it's something to fear.
        
         | swader999 wrote:
         | Increasing functional span is compelling.
        
         | jeppester wrote:
         | One thing I rarely see mentioned in regards to living forever
         | is that during a life you will accumulate mental scars.
         | 
         | My wife has lost a sister, and she's witnessed a murder.
         | Neither she nor I are the same after those experiences. I don't
         | think we will ever be.
         | 
         | If we lived forever I think we would all become more and more
         | anxious and excentric as time progressed and our souls
         | inevitably became more "scarred".
         | 
         | Maybe it's a "challenge" that will also be solved - with memory
         | erasure or what not - but it seems like an overlooked issue to
         | me.
        
           | derbOac wrote:
           | I agree.
           | 
           | I am starting to think we might reverse biological aging
           | before we resolve psychosocial crises associated with it.
           | 
           | It wouldn't be the first time humanity has introduced
           | physical tools they weren't ready for.
        
           | nonrandomstring wrote:
           | It's an interesting point. I forget the exact quote and
           | source, but it's something like: living to a very old age
           | requires great emotional strength, and is lonely, because you
           | will see all those you love die.
           | 
           | Getting to know your grandchildren and embrace their changing
           | world is probably a good defence in this regard.
           | 
           | To the extent I agree with the parent commenter about it
           | being "a nightmare", the danger lies in exacerbating
           | inequality. As with all medicines, those with access to life-
           | improving medicines will be first world, wealthier people.
           | 
           | But of course that's no good argument against progress, just
           | an unfortunate short-term side effect of it.
        
           | krageon wrote:
           | > eccentric
           | 
           | This is good. I always say rich people can't be weird, only
           | eccentric. And chances are if you live for a long time, you
           | have more money :)
        
             | swader999 wrote:
             | Or the difference between genius and insanity is the amount
             | in your account.
        
           | pawelmurias wrote:
           | Time heals mental scars.
        
             | jeppester wrote:
             | It gets better over time, but not to the point of complete
             | recovery.
             | 
             | I think PTSD is a good example of that.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > If we lived forever I think we would all become more and
           | more anxious and excentric as time progressed and our souls
           | inevitably became more "scarred".
           | 
           | Not sure, you could apply the same reasoning to people who go
           | thru active wars: the first time they see someone die, they
           | care, but by the time they see hundreds of people dead it
           | does not matter to them anymore.
        
             | goldenkey wrote:
             | It matters to them but they tuck it beneath the surface.
        
           | avgcorrection wrote:
           | Isn't this Cartesian Dualism? The brain is part of the body
           | and it might be possible to reverse damage to it.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | This is at best eternal youth, not resistance to all injuries
         | and illnesses.
         | 
         | We'd all still die at some point -- at current rates, even
         | without ageing, 0.1% would die in any given year, though it
         | isn't clear how that would change long term -- we just wouldn't
         | get age-associated degeneration such as Alzheimer's and forget
         | the concept of left and how to count past four like my mum did:
         | https://kitsunesoftware.wordpress.com/2018/01/31/alzheimers/
         | 
         | I don't know what you're imagining that makes you see a
         | nightmare.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > Am I the only one who thinks immortality is a nightmare?
         | 
         | Who's talking about immortality anywhere? It would be already
         | great if you could die in great shape, not stuck on a
         | wheelchair for years.
        
         | philjohn wrote:
         | Altered Carbon, and to a lesser extend Upload! touch on this
         | dystopian part - the great leveller is that every billionaire
         | will one day die - imagine if that wasn't the case, and they
         | could keep hoarding wealth and having undue political
         | influence.
        
           | thelittleone wrote:
           | What a pleasure to see Altered Carbon mentioned here. Amazing
           | show.
        
           | krageon wrote:
           | If you take a step back you see that when they currently die,
           | someone with roughly their money takes over. Good families
           | keep generational wealth, so you will always be under the
           | influence of some rich person. It is our modern royalty after
           | all.
           | 
           | Given that is the case and everything else being equal, I
           | would prefer that exact scenario with an opportunity to live
           | forever. Even if that means someone I don't like gets to try
           | that too.
        
           | ALittleLight wrote:
           | Would you really want your parents to die, your loved ones,
           | your family, your children, and yourself, all so you could
           | have the satisfaction that at least rich people, and their
           | loved ones, would suffer and die too?
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Many people are fundamentally motivated by fairness, and
             | knowing someone else is getting more than they seem to
             | deserve can violate that. Schadenfreude is a thing.
             | 
             | Myself, I think that longevity treatments are unlikely to
             | remain unaffordable to the poor for very long after they
             | are invented -- even in a cynical world where the rich are
             | greedy enough to try and keep it for themselves, old-age
             | healthcare is _really_ expensive, so societies which cause
             | this to be cheap will outperform those that keep it for
             | just the powerful.
        
               | D-Coder wrote:
               | I suspect that in any society where this exists, the
               | government will end up making it available for
               | everyone... or will be voted out / overthrown for a
               | government that will.
        
             | fleetwoodsnack wrote:
             | The individual rich are irrelevant, and this is a
             | mischaracterization of the sentiment.
             | 
             | Elite capture under the parameter of current human
             | lifespans is extant and difficult to counteract. It stands
             | to reason those negative consequences associated with elite
             | capture would only be exacerbated under longer lifespans.
             | 
             | It's simply an acknowledgment of a likely negative
             | consequence.
        
         | karmakurtisaani wrote:
         | You might change your mind when you're older. And wealthier.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | celim307 wrote:
         | If my quality of life remains high and I can still choose to
         | end things when I want, I don't see an issue. Then again
         | there's probably psychological cost and I may end up a
         | sociopath
        
         | bowsamic wrote:
         | HN is the only place where I've seen people purpose immortality
         | as a legit goal. I think it's because of lack of religion. If
         | you are existentially scared of death and you are a techie, it
         | makes sense
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | Immortality is literally the carrot that religion holds in
           | front of its followers.
        
             | steeleyespan wrote:
             | That's "opiate of the masses" claim, but rather its removal
             | of suffering and imbuing life with permanent meaning and
             | purpose which isn't lost at the point of death (theosis).
             | 
             | What is the point and purpose of life, beyond avoiding
             | suffering and seeking pleasure? Even the ancient pursuit of
             | honor and memory is rather ephemeral and lame.
        
             | bowsamic wrote:
             | I'm talking about the physical life, not the spiritual one
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | Sounds like a distinction without a difference to me.
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | Why? They seem quite distinct to me
        
           | veltas wrote:
           | Not to self-own or anything but I'm religious and lots of
           | religions have a message of immortality for the virtuous,
           | e.g. Christianity, Islam. But our method of achieving it is
           | spiritual, not technical. I think pretty much every normal
           | person fears death right up to the end, unless they're
           | seriously suffering in their body.
        
             | bowsamic wrote:
             | I'm a Buddhist and fear of death is one of the first things
             | we work to get rid of
        
               | inkblotuniverse wrote:
               | I'm just not interesting in brainwashing myself to be
               | suicidal
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | Spiritually suicidal maybe, but not physical suicide
        
               | pawelmurias wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokushinbutsu - never
               | underestimate how stupid some people are
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | Why is that stupid? Someone who is enlightened can no
               | longer create karma, so it isn't really suicide
        
           | DeWilde wrote:
           | Why do you think fear of death is the only thing that
           | motivates them? Have you considered other motives, like joy
           | of live?
        
             | inkblotuniverse wrote:
             | Isn't the joy of life what makes its end scary?
        
               | krageon wrote:
               | I enjoy candy but that doesn't mean I want the taste to
               | last forever.
        
         | desertraven wrote:
         | I tend to agree with you. In saying that, I wouldn't mind an
         | extra 100 years. If we could invent a mechanism to avoid
         | concentrated power/resources [1], I think humanity would be
         | better off; for if we can mostly agree that "with age comes
         | wisdom", we would surely be collectively wiser.
         | 
         | [1] - The mechanism to avoid concentrated power is a drop in
         | for many other things. For example, I believe if societal
         | structures could effectively optimise for ethical behaviour,
         | individuals would be less likely to crave for power lust and
         | greed.
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | I can't help but feel there is an element of self-justification
         | in that sort of view.
         | 
         | We can't stop death, therefore we tell ourselves its ok and
         | something that we actually want, in order to cope with the
         | terror of death.
        
         | LinuxBender wrote:
         | I do not believe it is always a nightmare. If one plans for a
         | long health/life span and is always adding forms of diversified
         | income then it is just a matter of hobbies.
         | 
         | One of my personal goals is to tell the great grandchildren of
         | people my age what their great grandparents were like since
         | most of them won't write down the interesting bits of their
         | lives and instagram/snapchat/facebook leaves a distorted image
         | and may not even exist in the future.
        
       | xiphias2 wrote:
       | It was a great validation, that reversing epigenetics is possible
       | in the human body, but using Yamanaka factors to do the same
       | thing has much more investment dollars behind it (billions vs
       | millions), so I believe it will be ready on the market faster.
        
         | krageon wrote:
         | If money was what it took to be correct in medicine, Theranos
         | would be a huge success.
        
           | xiphias2 wrote:
           | Are you really comparing Theranos to the Nobel prize winning
           | Dr Yamanaka, and the amazing group of scientists who have put
           | their lives to work on cellular reprogramming?
           | 
           | Of course it's more than just about money, it looks like it's
           | the more efficient path, but there's a huge need in research
           | to stop cells from losing their identity during partial
           | reprogramming (and cause cancer).
        
             | krageon wrote:
             | > Are you really comparing Theranos to the Nobel prize
             | winning Dr Yamanaka [...]
             | 
             | I was responding directly to what you said, this is a
             | strawman.
             | 
             | > Of course it's more than just about money [...]
             | 
             | This is not the impression I got from your post, because
             | all you talked about was money.
        
               | xiphias2 wrote:
               | I think both approaches are amazing advancement for
               | humanity, and I wish Greg Fahy would get more funding as
               | well.
               | 
               | Before Jeff Bezos came in, the money was really really
               | missing from the longevity field that I have been
               | following for the last 10 years since I've got a serious
               | rare, but not deadly cronic illness.
               | 
               | Maybe I've got a bit sad when you refered money as not
               | the most important thing, because Gregory Fahy said
               | during an interview that they had to stop the experiments
               | because of lack of funding. They needed a few million
               | dollars to run the experiments, which is nothing compared
               | to the value they can provide compared to rejuvenating
               | people. I was thinking of investing personally, but I'm
               | too small to be an investor myself.
               | 
               | Altos Labs being created is a huge deal, because when the
               | technology works (and at this point there's no reason why
               | it wouldn't), it can save the lives of literally billions
               | of people. Maybe it's hard to see through my comments,
               | but I truly care, and I'm hopeful that both of us (you
               | and me) will be able to use it.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | It is not just money, but liberation of creative people
               | from the bureaucracy and limitations that come with the
               | public grant system.
               | 
               | AFAIK the professors in Altos Labs get a million dollars
               | yearly salary and they are free to dig into whatever
               | matter they find interesting, as long as it is somehow
               | related to biology of aging, rejuvenation, regeneration
               | etc. No need to stay within relatively narrow limits of
               | an approved research topic and produce X papers in a
               | year.
        
               | xiphias2 wrote:
               | I didn't think about that part being a slowdown. The only
               | interview I was able to find is that they are building a
               | completely new lab in UK this year (one of the multiple
               | locations), so it takes time to ramp up experiments.
               | 
               | I'd love them to be more public about their plans. mRNA /
               | viral delivery needs to be optimized of course, but there
               | are lots of other parallel experiments they can start,
               | and we probably have to wait for the publications.
        
               | krageon wrote:
               | I agree that having absolutely no money means you cannot
               | do research of any reasonable magnitude. That doesn't
               | mean that money has anything to do with how correct you
               | are :)
               | 
               | > I'm hopeful that both of us (you and me) will be able
               | to use it.
               | 
               | Me too.
        
       | kalimanzaro wrote:
       | Does anybody know if the East German sportsfolk doped HGH?
       | According to a recent HN post, their lifespan got reduced by
       | around a decade.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31591777
        
         | jokowueu wrote:
         | Teens there were give mega doses of multiple anabolics steroids
         | 
         | Also hgh at a young age won't increase life span later in life
         | anyways
        
         | erosenbe0 wrote:
         | HGH seems to increase insulin resistance so without other
         | interventions (e.g. metformin) it may be pro-aging.
         | 
         | Exceptional athletes in general may not have the same lifespan
         | as age-matched healthy counterparts so not a good population to
         | look at.
        
       | mrnotcrazy wrote:
       | So if I am understanding this right, this is turning back the
       | epigenetic clock but not rejuvenating the individual? So it could
       | help prevent aging but not reverse.
       | 
       | As we age does our body act differently to make life easier as we
       | get older? If so could this make life worse?
        
       | machinelearn wrote:
       | Believe this was posted on hn before, but this article is in-
       | depth on the current state
       | 
       | https://www.adanguyenx.com/blog/partial-reprogramming
        
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