[HN Gopher] Coffee drinking linked to lower mortality risk, new ...
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       Coffee drinking linked to lower mortality risk, new study finds
        
       Author : mistersquid
       Score  : 128 points
       Date   : 2022-06-02 13:24 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nytimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nytimes.com)
        
       | guerrilla wrote:
       | How many times has this been replicated? We should probably just
       | flag science posts that haven't been at this point.
        
       | paskozdilar wrote:
       | I've been a caffeine user for my whole life - started drinking
       | energy drinks as a kid, took caffeine powder/pills in college for
       | studying, drank a lot of coffee at work - and I've stopped about
       | a month ago.
       | 
       | I find that caffeine made me anxious, so much that all the energy
       | wasn't even worth it anymore, as I couldn't focus on anything
       | from anxiety. After stopping, my anxiety has went down so much
       | that I feel I'm able to do much more work then before, even if
       | I'm doing it slower, because I can just relax and focus on what I
       | need to do, without being distracted by every single intrusive
       | thought I have and without the crash that inevitably comes every
       | day after caffeine wears off.
       | 
       | I don't care about "health benefits" of coffee, to be honest.
       | Caffeine is a crappy drug (for me), so nowdays I only save it for
       | situations where I have to stay awake for longer than I usually
       | can.
        
         | triyambakam wrote:
         | I recently quit caffeine, too. It is interesting how I was so
         | habituated with the rush of it that I didn't consider the
         | anxiety. Now whenever I consider having some tea I tell myself,
         | "I really want to become extremely anxious" and so far it
         | hasn't been worth it to take any tea after that.
        
         | neves wrote:
         | The study result isn't about caffeine and dying, but about
         | coffee and dying. There's a lot of substances in coffee beyond
         | caffeine.
        
         | jcadam wrote:
         | To deal with caffeine-exacerbated anxiety, switch from coffee
         | to wine sometime in the afternoon (easier with a remote job,
         | mind you) :D
        
         | smachiz wrote:
         | This sounds like you were on the very extreme end of caffeine
         | consumption...
        
           | paskozdilar wrote:
           | In college, yes.
           | 
           | I've always had issues with focus, and first year of college
           | was overwhelming. I cut out all unnecessary time sinks, and
           | I've found that I lack enough "focus" in a day - at some
           | point I'd just read, but be unable to engage with any words
           | I'm reading.
           | 
           | Caffeine pills helped me study for longer, however, the
           | tolerance made me take more and more until at some point I
           | was taking up to 2000mg of caffeine a day. I was barely
           | functioning from anxiety, but I managed to be amongst better
           | students on my year.
           | 
           | At work we have an espresso machine, so it's very easy to
           | just "grab a cup" when I feel tired while working on an
           | important task. It wasn't strange for me to drink 5-6 cups
           | per day.
           | 
           | Nowdays, I'm only drinking coffee if it's a social event, and
           | I keep a hard limit of one cup per day.
        
         | troydavis wrote:
         | The study covers this, as does the NYT article. From the
         | article: "The mortality risk remained lower for people who
         | drank both decaffeinated and caffeinated coffee."
        
       | pazimzadeh wrote:
       | What if people who drink coffee get more done, people who get
       | more done are more fulfilled, and people who are more fulfilled
       | live longer?
       | 
       | Edit: doesn't explain that the effect also worked with decaf.
       | Maybe coffee contains other compounds and secondary metabolites
       | which have health benefits
        
       | zwieback wrote:
       | Bummer, I'm in my fifties now and used to love coffee but now I
       | just don't really enjoy it that much. Mostly switched to tea, is
       | there a study that tea is even better?
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | Quick Theory: The regular coffee drinkers are (on average) folks
       | with more energy/time/money (which keeping up a coffee habit
       | requires), or working (free & convenient coffee at the office),
       | or other things that correlate with better physical & mental
       | health.
        
         | stimpson_j_cat wrote:
         | yes, this is mentioned in the article
         | 
         | > there may be other lifestyle factors contributing to that
         | lower mortality risk among people who drink coffee, like a
         | healthy diet or a consistent exercise routine
        
         | yourusername wrote:
         | Coffee is dirt cheap. A kilo of coffee is around EUR8 and you
         | can make ~16 liters or 80 cups with that.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | That must be for people who hate coffee, or hate themselves,
           | or both. Even the cheapest grocery store brand ground coffee
           | that comes in buckets sells for $0.4/oz which is about twice
           | the price you mentioned. Anything worth drinking costs $1/oz
           | where I live.
        
       | alexk307 wrote:
       | People can argue about the design of the study all they want, but
       | 170k people followed over 7 years is enough evidence for me that
       | drinking black coffee is beneficial to my health.
        
         | pigeonhole123 wrote:
         | A systemic problem in the study will not get better by running
         | more data through it.
        
         | mikkergp wrote:
         | The researchers themselves state they're not sure if coffee is
         | good for you or it is indicative of other lifestyle factors.
        
           | alexk307 wrote:
           | Right, but it's highly correlated to drinking coffee. Enough
           | for me to continue drinking my 2 cups of black coffee a day.
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | Even if a real causal relation between coffee consumption and
       | longevity was proved, I feel that the benefit of that finding
       | would be limited as long as the actual mechanism isn't
       | understood. Few people who don't like drinking coffee will start
       | drinking it because of that, and those who like coffee drink it
       | anyway (they'll just feel even better doing so, maybe).
        
       | rsync wrote:
       | Alternative interpretation: neither the coffee nor the caffeine
       | is helpful.
       | 
       | Instead, coffee consumption is so pervasive that coffee drinkers
       | are "normal" and many people that don't consume coffee do so
       | because it's actually hurtful or uncomfortable ... and that
       | likely correlates to other weaknesses.
       | 
       | The same interpretation should be considered for all of those
       | moderate drinking studies... I am quite certain nobody is getting
       | a health benefit from alcohol.
        
         | keybored wrote:
         | Is that your interpretation of the data that they used?
        
         | stimpson_j_cat wrote:
         | Yes this is mentioned in the article
         | 
         | > the data cannot conclusively prove that coffee itself lowers
         | the risk of dying; there may be other lifestyle factors
         | contributing to that lower mortality risk among people who
         | drink coffee, like a healthy diet or a consistent exercise
         | routine
         | 
         | ...and controlled for in the study
         | 
         | > lifestyle, sociodemographic, and clinical factors
        
           | carbocation wrote:
           | I would just caution people to understand that saying that
           | something is "controlled for" in an observational study
           | (which is something I do all the time, I'm not saying it's
           | bad) is not the same as saying that we've eliminated
           | confounders, leaving a causal effect.
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | > all of those moderate drinking studies... I am quite certain
         | nobody is getting a health benefit from alcohol.
         | 
         | The effect where moderate alcohol use is beneficial have
         | disappeared after better studies. It didn't prevent it from
         | becoming "common wisdom".
        
           | mrits wrote:
           | I'm still on a small glass of wine with my meal diet. I'm
           | also a big fan of 6-7 meals a day.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | tragictrash wrote:
             | Does this mean you consume 6-7 small glasses of wine a day?
        
               | xeromal wrote:
        
               | yunohn wrote:
               | Yes, and I think they were just being sarcastic.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | Seems ridiculous to assume there aren't any health benefits
         | from at least some types of alcohols at some levels of
         | consumption. Just because the ill effects are better documented
         | doesn't preclude the existence of benefits.
        
           | frazbin wrote:
           | yeah but just from mechanisms.. small organic solvent
           | molecules aren't like, a promising target for antiaging
           | treatments.. most solvents are bad for you, for obvious
           | reasons, that is, they interfere with cellular chemistry and
           | they have to be metabolized by the liver in large quantities.
           | seems ridiculous to think alcohol would have any positive
           | effects-- as a drug, it's just so shitty. I mean, you have to
           | take 20g+ to get a physiological effect. The whole experience
           | of having it in your system is dominated by the processes
           | trying to get it /out/ of your system!
           | 
           | Folks who drink alcohol should consider taking safer and more
           | powerful drugs.
        
             | wing-_-nuts wrote:
             | Bah. I try to limit myself to a 6 pack a week, well under
             | guidelines, but alcohol doesn't have a dramatically bad
             | effect on mortality until you're in the 20 drink / week
             | range.
             | 
             | I don't think alcohol is somehow _better_ than anything
             | else, but I don 't think it's that harmful either until you
             | get well beyond the 14d / wk max recommendation.
             | 
             | There are plenty of other factors like meat consumption and
             | exercise habits that have a bigger effect. I'm not giving
             | up one harmless vice for an infinitesimal benefit. We're
             | all going to die of something.
        
             | hirvi74 wrote:
             | > The whole experience of having it in your system is
             | dominated by the processes trying to get it /out/ of your
             | system!
             | 
             | That is not exclusive to alcohol though. I am not extremely
             | drug-savvy, but I do believe this is true for psilocybin
             | mushrooms and a few other hallucinogenic plants/fungi.
             | 
             | > Folks who drink alcohol should consider taking safer and
             | more powerful drugs.
             | 
             | This is often an issue with legality and sourcing for many,
             | not to mention the cultural acceptance of alcohol by many
             | cultures.
        
           | hirvi74 wrote:
           | For the common person, the potential health benefits do not
           | outweigh the potential damage -- especially when there are
           | other ways to get the same health benefits with less risk. At
           | least, that is the stance I believe the medical community has
           | adopted.
        
         | danschumann wrote:
         | So the correlation is like a societal strength test of
         | worthiness?
        
           | tragictrash wrote:
           | No, if coffee bothers your digestive system, you don't drink
           | it. The reason it bothers your digestive system is you have
           | other health problems that are undiagnosed/medicine doesn't
           | understand yet. Those other health problems could contribute
           | significantly to all cause mortality.
           | 
           | Not saying I agree, but thats my interpretation.
        
         | plsbenice34 wrote:
         | Yes this seems extremely obvious. People with anxiety, sleep
         | and/or heart problems are probably more likely to avoid coffee.
        
         | waterhouse wrote:
         | In fact, it says that decaf coffee also has that association,
         | so that would mean it's not the caffeine.
         | 
         | It also says they don't make the same conclusion about
         | artificially sweetened coffee (the study says it's "less
         | consistent"--seems I need to pass the paywall to see the
         | numbers on that). One wonders if they believe that the
         | artificial sweeteners are killing people, or that they
         | interfere with the benefits of coffee, or if they'd say this
         | reveals that selection effects are strong here.
        
           | plsbenice34 wrote:
           | Decaf coffee still typically contains some caffeine: https://
           | www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/10/061012185602.h...
        
       | leonroy wrote:
       | I wonder if it's because coffee as an appetite suppressant causes
       | colorific reduction in people - effectively, they eat less.
       | Fasting has recently been proven to also lower mortality risk by
       | a large amount.
       | 
       | > Coffee suppresses your appetite because it contains chlorogenic
       | acids which are a type of phytochemical compounds that help
       | control hunger pangs and suppress your appetite. Because of this,
       | you don't need to drink caffeinated coffee to integrate it into
       | your weight loss program; decaffeinated coffee will do just fine.
       | 
       | Source for the quote: https://energeticlifestyle.com/how-to-use-
       | coffee-as-an-appet...
       | 
       | Pubmed source which corroborates coffee as an appetite
       | suppressant:
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6683100/
        
       | baby wrote:
       | As usual I will ask: could this mean that people who can stand
       | coffee have stronger hearts?
       | 
       | I can't drink coffee because my heart will go crazy. Does that
       | make me more at risk according to this study?
        
         | jacobsimon wrote:
         | Yeah this is the main question everyone should be researching.
         | Basically does caffeine (in)tolerance predict health issues.
        
         | dcolkitt wrote:
         | Similar studies have found that decaf coffee is associated with
         | similar if not larger health gains.
        
           | jacobsimon wrote:
           | Oh really? I'll search for that but if you have the link
           | please share
        
             | albertgoeswoof wrote:
             | The article in question states this
        
         | somenameforme wrote:
         | The latest word is that this is where the previous idea about a
         | cup of wine a day being good for you came from (it's not).
         | Studies pursuing this question generally did not sufficiently
         | control for the fact that people regularly drinking alcohol are
         | in a state of health where they _can_ regularly drink alcohol.
         | It 's not as easy to control for as it sounds because somebody
         | might defer for reasons tied to possible health issues, but
         | without even knowing it. Instead, just like you're talking
         | about here simply not liking how it makes them feel.
        
       | dncornholio wrote:
       | On another note, I always break sugar cubes in half and even a
       | half is sometimes too much. I don't understand how people can
       | drink coffee with 1 or even 2 cubes.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | m348e912 wrote:
       | Black coffee, even with a teaspoon or sugar has to be better than
       | soda or the sugary monstrosities from Starbucks that are excluded
       | from the study. One can of coke contains 39g (~7 teaspoons) of
       | sugar. This study seems to be less about the benefits of coffee
       | but rather the health risks of sugar.
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | > sugary monstrosities from Starbucks
         | 
         | Does Starbucks add sugar to the coffee? Or what do you mean.
         | The ice coffee?
        
           | rngname22 wrote:
           | Coffee-flavored milkshakes / cups of syrup and foam and
           | whipped cream and caramel.
           | 
           | They serve coffee also.
           | 
           | If you google 'starbucks unhealthiest drinks', you'll find
           | references to stuff like 'cinnamon roll frappucino blended
           | coffee' which apparently had 85 grams of sugar in its largest
           | size and 510 calories. If you're familiar with the 'packets'
           | of sugar people sometimes sweeten coffee or tea with, 85
           | grams is like 20 packets. The 'sweetened cup of coffee'
           | referenced in the study referred to a coffee with about 5
           | grams of sugar added.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | The majority of what they serve are coffee-spiked desserts.
        
         | vangelis wrote:
         | No one is forcing you to order a frappuccino. You do realize
         | you can get drip coffee (actually pretty good) and espresso
         | drinks without added sugar there, right?
        
         | troydavis wrote:
         | > This study seems to be less about the benefits of coffee but
         | rather the health risks of sugar.
         | 
         | The control was not drinking coffee, and far lower all-cause
         | mortality was observed in both black coffee and coffee with a
         | tiny bit of sugar.
         | 
         | Or: Yes, adding a ton of sugar to anything is unhealthy, but
         | this study provides far more information than that. Although
         | it's observational, the observed effect is huge. From the
         | study:
         | 
         | "Compared with nonconsumers, consumers of various amounts of
         | unsweetened coffee (>0 to 1.5, >1.5 to 2.5, >2.5 to 3.5, >3.5
         | to 4.5, and >4.5 drinks/d) had lower risks for all-cause
         | mortality after adjustment for lifestyle, sociodemographic, and
         | clinical factors," [then repeats for lightly sugar-sweetened
         | coffee, but not artificially-sweetened coffee].
        
           | goda90 wrote:
           | "Nonconsumers" didn't factor soda drinking, energy drinking,
           | etc. So it lumped people who were drinking larges amounts of
           | sugar with people drinking little sugar(tea, water), and
           | compared them to coffee drinkers, which are low to moderate
           | amounts of sugar.
        
       | RobertRoberts wrote:
       | These studies are known for excluding unhealthy people,
       | especially those with heart conditions.
       | 
       | Edit: by "these studies", I mean caffeine, cigarettes/smoking,
       | alcohol, coffee and generally any food or "health" study. If you
       | don't know the exact make up of the test group, then I just
       | assume it's rigged to get a certain result.
        
         | troydavis wrote:
         | What is "These studies"? Are you referring to all studies? All
         | observational studies? Something else?
         | 
         | While I can't debate "These studies" without knowing what
         | you're referring to, this specific study provides a clear
         | explanation of the study cohort and there's no sign that anyone
         | was excluded or otherwise cherry-picked.
        
           | RobertRoberts wrote:
           | I updated my comment, I realize I was definitely vague in my
           | criticism.
           | 
           | I've found that digging deeper into studies in the past that
           | they would leave out people with heart conditions
           | (specifically with caffeine studies) and not state that
           | _anywhere_ in documentation. And this only came out from
           | investigations.
        
           | Blackcatmaxy wrote:
           | I know there were studies about eating organic food that at
           | deeper levels of observation just mirror income inequality.
        
         | stimpson_j_cat wrote:
         | Does your general comment have to do with _this_ specific
         | study? They mention controlling for all the things you
         | mentioned.
        
           | RobertRoberts wrote:
           | Studies I've read in the past have claimed the same thing,
           | yet still excluded people that would skew their results
           | without reporting it.
           | 
           | I have a friend who does statistical analysis for a living,
           | and we have a game where he points out the flaws that are
           | only obvious to those that know statistics and research well,
           | and us laymen are oblivious.
           | 
           | A medical doctor once told me "coffee must be good for you
           | because I drink it!". It seems common that people just want
           | science to agree with them, and they don't care how or why.
           | 
           | I can't prove my point on this article (not enough
           | time/energy/will) but I have watched health articles for
           | years and you can go back to news sites and find this same
           | exact study done over and over, reported in news
           | organizations as if it's new every time.
           | 
           | One stupid example, articles from just CNN going back to 2010
           | just on one page of search results:
           | 
           | https://duckduckgo.com/?t=ffsb&q=site%3Acnn.com+coffee+good+.
           | ..
        
       | rhacker wrote:
       | A lot of people that don't drink coffee have heart issues. Even
       | ones that don't know they have those kinds of issues don't drink
       | coffee because it makes them feel bad. It's typically the heart
       | doing uncomfortable things for them.
       | 
       | And since they already have heart issues - ding ding ding.
       | Correlation. It's not that coffee is making people healthier,
       | it's just a substance that is addictive that people that don't
       | have heart issues drink.
        
       | keybored wrote:
       | The culture around me is to drink black coffee or lattes. No
       | added sugar or cream. Most people in my office space who seem to
       | drink coffee as their hot beverage of choice.
       | 
       | There's not a lot of chatter about coffee being healthy or
       | unhealthy. The only unhealthy thing that people tend to want to
       | avoid is being unable to sleep due to drinking too much of it or
       | too late.
       | 
       | Another cultural thing is to joke about the first cup of joe
       | being mandatory if you want to wake up properly (at the office).
       | In that light it makes sense to not really consider whether it is
       | healthy or unhealthy; it's as if your body needs it anyway so you
       | either gotta get it or sleepwalk through the day.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | Caffeine is habit forming. If you're in the place where you
         | "have to" have a cup of coffee every morning just to feel OK
         | you can probably get over it after about two weeks of
         | abstinence. Probably the hardest time is the second day.
        
           | thirtyfivecent wrote:
           | Habit forming? This is obviously a physical dependence like
           | any other drug. There are thousands of case reports on
           | /r/decaf outlining a recovery period of months and years with
           | horrible side effects like anhedonia, panic attacks, sleep
           | issues, brain fog, cramping. The hardest day is day 2?? You
           | honestly believe that is sufficient payback for the years of
           | being buzzed up and artificially interested in boring and
           | pointless office work by drinking this poison?
        
       | jb1991 wrote:
       | The interesting bit here is it seems even more beneficial to add
       | a little sugar to your coffee. It doesn't make much sense to me,
       | considering all the negative news about sugar in general.
        
         | 323 wrote:
         | Maybe adding sugar allows you to drink more coffee.
         | 
         | Like how children medicine is sweetened to increase compliance.
        
         | Jaygles wrote:
         | I wonder if the little bit of sugar kicks off some digestive
         | processes that can bring in more of the beneficial things
        
       | Johnny555 wrote:
       | _Those who drank 1.5 to 3.5 cups of coffee per day, even with a
       | teaspoon of sugar, were up to 30 percent less likely to die
       | during the study period than those who didn't drink coffee._
       | 
       | I wish coffee studies would report results in ounces (or better,
       | ml) instead of ambiguous "cups"
       | 
       | The Coffee industry uses 6 ounce cups, the USA standard "cup" is
       | 8 ounces, and the imperial cup is 10 ounces (the study was based
       | on UK data).
       | 
       | I drink around 12 oz of coffee a day and I drink it out of a
       | single large coffee cup, is that 1 cup, 2 cups, 1.5 cups, or 1.2
       | cups?
        
         | bufferout wrote:
         | A lot of the world drinks espresso. Mg of caffeine probably the
         | appropriate measure here?
        
       | resters wrote:
       | Does instant coffee count?
        
       | troydavis wrote:
       | Study: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M21-2977
       | 
       | And before someone asks "But what if it's .. instead?": Yes, they
       | controlled for lots of things:
       | 
       | > lower risks for all-cause mortality after adjustment for
       | lifestyle, sociodemographic, and clinical factors
       | 
       | The patient data is from UK Biobank, which has quite a bit about
       | each participant. While they can't control for everything (like
       | factors that aren't documented), they can control for a lot -
       | probably including whatever possible confounder someone jumps to.
       | 
       | Although it's still subject to the limitations of an
       | observational study, 171,616 people is a big cohort, mortality is
       | clearly measurable, and the observed effect is really large. It's
       | worth paying attention to.
        
         | mikkergp wrote:
         | So, in the abstract, they say they controlled for "lifestyle"
         | but then the researchers are paraphrased in the article as
         | saying "This is an observational study, which means the data
         | cannot conclusively prove that coffee itself lowers the risk of
         | dying; there may be other lifestyle factors contributing to
         | that lower mortality risk among people who drink coffee, like a
         | healthy diet or a consistent exercise routine."
         | 
         | On the one hand I get what they're saying about their own study
         | design, on the other hand, it might be good to get more info
         | about lifestyle vs lifestyle.
        
           | sdfhdhjdw3 wrote:
           | That's because 99% of the time when a study says "we found an
           | effect in Y even after we controlled for X" it just means
           | that they included X in their multi-variate regression and
           | error analysis in their study of Y. "controlled for" sounds
           | like it has something to do with ruling out the effect of
           | something from causality, but it doesn't.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | Did they compare against what the non-coffee drinkers were
         | drinking instead? It's not surprising that coffee is
         | substantially healthier than cola, but is it statistically
         | healthier than tea or water?
        
           | cgh wrote:
           | If you look at the study, you can see they compared with
           | "nonconsumers", among others.
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | Access isn't available without an account. What's a
             | "nonconsumer"? Everybody drinks something.
        
           | troydavis wrote:
           | I don't know any more about this study than is in the links.
           | The NYT reporter covers some of that, though:
           | 
           | > Scientists don't know exactly what makes coffee so
           | beneficial, Dr. Goldberg said, but the answer may lie in its
           | antioxidant properties, which can prevent or delay cell
           | damage. Coffee beans contain high amounts of antioxidants,
           | said Beth Czerwony, a registered dietitian at the Cleveland
           | Clinic's Center for Human Nutrition in Ohio, which can help
           | break down free radicals that cause damage to cells. Over
           | time, a buildup of free radicals can increase inflammation in
           | the body, which can cause plaque formation related to heart
           | disease, she said, so dietitians recommend consuming foods
           | and beverages that are rich in antioxidants.
           | 
           | > There's also the possibility that coffee drinkers tend to
           | make healthier choices in general. They might opt for a cold
           | brew or a cup of drip coffee instead of a less healthy source
           | of caffeine, like an energy drink or soda, Dr. Goldberg
           | added. "If you're pounding Mountain Dew or Coca-Cola or Red
           | Bull or all these other drinks, they have tons more sugar,
           | all the artificial stuff -- versus coffee, which is a
           | generally unprocessed food."
           | 
           | (Side note: if someone else read this and started drinking
           | coffee because of it, they'd probably be replacing an
           | existing beverage choice as well. IOW, even if substitution
           | effect was the cause or a contributing factor, people acting
           | on the conclusions may still see the effect - and certainly
           | would at public-health scale.)
        
         | mjb wrote:
         | Emily Oster has a useful post about why, despite the effort,
         | its is difficult to control for everything that matters in
         | observational studies:
         | https://emilyoster.substack.com/p/coffee-definitely-either-k...
         | 
         | Specifically:
         | 
         | > As result, in the data, sugar starts to look...a lot worse
         | for you over time. In the earliest period of the data there is
         | no observed correlation between the sugar measure and BMI (see
         | below) but by the latest period, it's hugely correlated. The
         | "sugar-makes-you-fat" story only shows up in the last few
         | years, coincidentally during the period when sugar is less
         | consumed by individuals who exercise, do not smoke and are
         | better educated.
        
           | rhacker wrote:
           | I'm kinda "done" with observational studies. It seems like
           | for the last 10 years that's all we get. And every time the
           | studies come out they contradict that last one. When are we
           | going to see the actual coffee atoms attack bad viruses and
           | shit (kinda a joke but seriously, when are we going to have
           | that visibility into exact pathologies).
        
             | rajin444 wrote:
             | That kind of work is hard, expensive, and likely to be
             | fruitless. And in the case of many softer sciences it would
             | more or less remove the need for the field (in their
             | current forms). Sociology is a band aid until we understand
             | biology better.
             | 
             | That being said I agree with you entirely and we shouldn't
             | shy away from hard problems because of this.
        
               | AussieWog93 wrote:
               | >That kind of work is hard, expensive, and likely to be
               | fruitless.
               | 
               | Don't forget that the "fruit" for scientists is fame, not
               | the truth. Anything that can get headlines and conference
               | talks is a good thing, regardless of whether or not the
               | methodology even makes sense.
        
             | hdjjhhvvhga wrote:
             | Would we be ever able to conduct such a study? We'd need to
             | have clones bred for that purpose since birth in exactly
             | the same conditions - and even if we had that, you'd never
             | be sure it would transfer well onto people living free
             | lives. So, these weak observational studies are all we
             | have.
        
           | PheonixPharts wrote:
           | It's also important that people understand what "control for"
           | means in an observational study.
           | 
           | Nearly all observational studies that you read draw their
           | conclusions from regression analysis (or something, such as a
           | ANOVA, which is a can be trivially implemented as regression
           | analysis).
           | 
           | This just means that a linear model such as this is used:
           | 
           | outcome ~ b_coffee * drinks_coffee + b_income_level *
           | income_level ....
           | 
           | Then, unlike in machine learning, researchers look at the
           | value of the coefficients and most importantly the confidence
           | in the coefficient value. In a simplified example:
           | 
           | years_of_life ~ b_coffee * drinks_coffee + b_intercept
           | 
           | Where b_intercept will represent the life expectancy in
           | general. Then b_coffee (since drinks coffee is binary here)
           | will represent whether or not coffee adds to your years of
           | life. If it's negative it means drinking coffee reduces your
           | life expectancy and if it's positive it means it increases
           | it. In statistics we also look at how certain we are in
           | b_coffee in terms of standard error and p-values. For example
           | if b_coffee is say 5, meaning it adds 5 years to your life,
           | but our standard error in this estimate is 4 (ie 95% chance
           | that the real impact is between -3 and 13 years). In this
           | case the p-value for this coefficient will be higher than
           | necessary to conclude "statistical significance".
           | 
           | But suppose the standard error is very small, like 1 year,
           | where we are virtually certain that coffee does improve life
           | expectancy. To control for say, college education, we just
           | add that coefficient to our model.
           | 
           | years_of_life ~ b_coffee * drinks_coffee + b_college +
           | has_degree + b_intercept
           | 
           | The magic of regression analysis is that if, in fact, people
           | that go to college life longer and people that go to college
           | also drink more coffee, the our coefficient for b_coffee will
           | change in this new model to reflect this. If for example it
           | were to become negative now (with a low p-value) what we
           | would conclude from this model is that coffee is in fact bad
           | for you, and college is good for you and it just happens that
           | a lot of people who go to college also drink coffee.
           | 
           | Just as even the most advanced AI is often just a lot of
           | matrix multiplication with non-linear transforms, the vast
           | majority of observational studies are drawing conclusion
           | using linear models. In practice, as you add more variables
           | to your model, you tend to get a lot of tricky to interpret
           | results. Regression analysis is a remarkably powerful tool,
           | but it is important to remember when you see publications
           | this is what is really happening and there is a lot of room
           | for subtlety when interpreting these models.
        
             | vorpalhex wrote:
             | Yet all you have to do is miss a factor and you've ended up
             | with correlation.
             | 
             | As a simple question, what about people who have weak
             | stomachs or hearts? My mother doesn't drink coffee because
             | it "makes her heart beat too hard". How, with no actual
             | medical data for "coffee makes my heart beat hard", do you
             | control for that? Is that something to control for?
             | 
             | This is the "caffeine and healthy pregnancy" problem. We
             | know women who consume less than ~200mg of caffeine tend to
             | have healthier pregnancies.. but if you can drink 5+ cups
             | of coffee while pregnant and not get overtaken with nausea,
             | that might indicate something is already wrong.
        
           | TameAntelope wrote:
           | Yes, science is really hard, and it's a good point by Oster,
           | but you've got to think about the idea that the folks who
           | conducted this study know as well how hard science is, and
           | for them to publish this anyway means they (and their
           | reviewers) did a pretty good job dealing with this issue (and
           | many others).
           | 
           | None of this is conclusive to the point where no further
           | study is necessary, but I'm guessing this study will make
           | some institutions think/rethink their guidance on coffee
           | consumption.
        
             | jaybaxter wrote:
             | >but you've got to think about the idea that the folks who
             | conducted this study know as well how hard science is, and
             | for them to publish this anyway means they (and their
             | reviewers) did a pretty good job dealing with this issue
             | (and many others).
             | 
             | What makes you say that about this paper specifically?
             | Certainly in general there are career incentives for
             | authors to publish papers which are not very conclusive,
             | and we know that relatively useless observational studies
             | do get published.
        
             | rajin444 wrote:
             | > for them to publish this anyway means they did a pretty
             | good job
             | 
             | The standard shouldn't be "we did the best we can" for the
             | sake of publishing. It should be "is what we're doing
             | useful".
             | 
             | > I'm guessing this study will make some institutions
             | think/rethink their guidance on coffee consumption.
             | 
             | This is the major issue with all these kinds of studies.
             | The absolute last thing they should be doing is influencing
             | public policy. Data that's more or less garbage but you
             | treat it like it's solid because it's "science" is harmful.
        
               | TameAntelope wrote:
               | I'm sorry but I completely disagree; the standard
               | _absolutely_ should be  "we're doing the best that is
               | currently possible to determine how things work". Asking
               | for more is entitled and completely misunderstands the
               | nature of science.
               | 
               | We need to have a way to figure out what to tell people
               | to do, and we're doing that, whether you like it or not,
               | with imperfect information.
               | 
               | Also not for nothing, this data is not "more or less
               | garbage". This is about as good as we can do in science
               | right now, and honestly your tone is pretty terrible. It
               | sounds like you want religious levels of certainty and
               | you feel you _deserve_ that.
               | 
               | Science doesn't get much more certain than this (and this
               | is far from very certain in any sense), there is no
               | "better" way to do things that the researchers just
               | lazily didn't follow here, and your suggesting that such
               | is the case is ignorant and selfish. You should feel bad
               | for what you've written here.
        
               | jtc331 wrote:
               | > Science doesn't get much more certain than this
               | 
               | A well designed RCT isn't much more certain than this?
               | 
               | Observational studies are hardly the peak for scientific
               | knowledge.
        
               | guelo wrote:
               | A decades long rigorously controlled RCT in human
               | nutrition science is practically impossible. Even if it
               | were possible the scientist would still have to choose
               | variables to control for in their population selection.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ryandvm wrote:
         | I decided to go the other way and ignore all the potential
         | confounders and just cargo-cult the hell out of all of this
         | stuff. I'm bound to hit a few of the actual factors.
         | 
         | Now if you'll excuse me I need to go drink my coffee and glass
         | of red wine while doing yoga/meditation, then eating
         | Mediterranean meals during my intermittent fasting period while
         | making more that $75K per year, sleeping 8 hours a day and
         | living in a "blue zone".
        
         | falcolas wrote:
         | > And before someone asks "But what if it's .. instead?": Yes,
         | they controlled for lots of things
         | 
         | On Reddit's /r/science board, there's a base rule that
         | "criticism of published work should assume basic competence of
         | the researchers and reviewers".
         | 
         | I think it would benefit HN if we all made the same assumption.
        
           | FastMonkey wrote:
           | I don't think it's questioning anyone's competence to suggest
           | that a single scientific result might have confounding
           | factors. This is one study done by one team. If the result
           | was repeated in several studies, all coming at it with
           | different viewpoints then I'd start to believe the result. In
           | this particular case though, there seems to be new research
           | coming out every few months saying coffee is good or bad for
           | you. If the results look like that then it's hard to put much
           | weight on any single one of them.
        
             | falcolas wrote:
             | > I don't think it's questioning anyone's competence to
             | suggest that a single scientific result might have
             | confounding factors
             | 
             | Honestly - I do. Basic competence in creating a study would
             | definitely include identifying confounding factors that are
             | directly relevant to the study being conducted. It's a
             | basic part of the scientific method - both in creating the
             | hypothesis and creating a test against that hypothesis.
        
           | vorpalhex wrote:
           | As someone who reads a lot of published research, no, that is
           | a terrible rule and a lot of garbage gets published. Both
           | historically and now there is no shortage of bad science that
           | gets published, or good science that gets really misreported.
        
             | falcolas wrote:
             | If you don't trust studies at such a fundamental level,
             | what is the value in reading and commenting on such
             | threads?
        
               | vorpalhex wrote:
               | Studies don't have value just because they are a study.
               | 
               | Put another way, just because Cosmo publishes an article
               | doesn't mean it's true - but Cosmo does also publish true
               | articles.
               | 
               | Plenty of studies are great and move our understanding
               | forward. More studies answer a very narrow - but
               | important - question. Some studies are just inconclusive,
               | but have value too.
               | 
               | You should read studies. You should evaluate the quality
               | of studies as part of integrating them and their
               | conclusions. At the same time just because something was
               | "a study" or got published doesn't make it true or good
               | or useful, anymore than being written in blue ink makes
               | something truthful.
               | 
               | The value of science is that it does not require faith.
        
               | JoshuaDavid wrote:
               | Not OP but
               | 
               | If someone were advocating making policy decisions based
               | on astrological charts, I would read and comment in such
               | threads despite not trusting astrology on a fundamental
               | level.
               | 
               | I personally would go _quite_ as far as to say that
               | purely observational studies have as much predictive
               | value as astrology, but  "observational studies are as
               | reliable as astrology" is a better first-order
               | approximation of my opinions than "observational studies
               | are as reliable as large-n randomized controlled trials".
        
               | tuatoru wrote:
               | I don't know what value vorpalhex gets from doing so, but
               | I got value from the gp comment.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | This is a fundamentally wrong rule because, as we have
           | learned, researchers and reviewers basic competence has come
           | into play repeatedly. The further you get from quantitative
           | physics, the worse it gets.
           | 
           | That said, if you _are_ going to criticize something based on
           | the idea  "this result doesn't agree with my preconcieved
           | notions so I'm going to say that their sample size was too
           | small, the effect size was too small, or they made some sort
           | of incorrect calculation, and conclude the paper can't be
           | trusted", you owe it to yourself to read the paper carefully
           | enough that you can make the determination they made a major
           | error.
           | 
           | Unlike most people, I read the conclusion, then the methods
           | section. For most papers I can't get enough from the methods
           | section to conclude that I trust the authors to make their
           | claim, because most methods sections are missing major
           | details on how the corrections/controls were made.
        
             | falcolas wrote:
             | Should we also look at final code assuming the programmer
             | and their code reviewers lack basic competence? Or do we
             | assume they made a best effort given their abilities and
             | may have still made mistakes?
             | 
             | I believe the latter, and the rule I mentioned also leads
             | to that assumption. Otherwise, why read the studies at all?
             | But that's not what people here do.
             | 
             | > missing major details on how the corrections/controls
             | were made
             | 
             | I also make an assumption that some corrections/controls
             | are so obvious within their field of study that they aren't
             | worth documenting - that it's only "average joe" readers
             | who assume they aren't being done.
             | 
             | It is, in a way, akin to asking why programmers didn't
             | document how their JWT is secured.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | I don't compare software engineers and scientists by the
               | same metrics. The important thing about a code review
               | request is that it contains everything required for me to
               | reproduce the effects of the code change in my own hands.
               | Science does not require that- instead, the methods is
               | typically the "least descriptive and helpful
               | representation of what was done" (especially in the case
               | of very complex biological experiments) and can't be
               | reproduced with nontrivial effort.
               | 
               | BTW I've definitely gone into code reviews assuming the
               | programmer lacks basic competence and been right. Other
               | times, I've had to rollback other people's code (or stop
               | a rollout) because an ostensibly genius programmer who
               | made a change (and got a review from a starry-eyed
               | junior) wasn't using their basic competence or testing
               | their change at all.
        
               | eurasiantiger wrote:
               | Bad example. While the tokens themselves can only be
               | secured in a handful of ways, JWT auth implementation is
               | notoriously tricky. Even the official docs of some well
               | known packages promote insecure practices such as storing
               | tokens in browser localStorage.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > On Reddit's /r/science board, there's a base rule that
           | "criticism of published work should assume basic competence
           | of the researchers and reviewers".
           | 
           | Since most studies/publications cant be replicated, I'd say
           | basic competence is not warranted.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | > And before someone asks "But what if it's .. instead?": Yes,
         | they controlled for lots of things:
         | 
         | I'm no experiment designer but I fail to see how you can
         | control for variables when the field of the experiment is
         | "life". There are an unlimited number of variables, wouldn't
         | you find tonnes of meaningless correlations ?
         | 
         | The set of variables is unlimited and the focus of the study is
         | so precise that I have a real hard time to understand how
         | meaningful these results can be.
         | 
         | > there may be other lifestyle factors contributing to that
         | lower mortality risk among people who drink coffee, like a
         | healthy diet or a consistent exercise routine.
         | 
         | Yeah no shit. Or like getting 8+ hours of sleep, or winning the
         | genetic lottery, or working at a desk instead of on a
         | construction zone, &c.
         | 
         | If it's all self reported it's kind of garbage to begin with, I
         | know people who think they eat healthy diets, they don't
        
         | SkyMarshal wrote:
         | _> 171,616 people is a big cohort, mortality is clearly
         | measurable, and the observed effect is really large._
         | 
         | This should be a criteria for posting studies in general -
         | large cohort, controls for every known factor, clearly
         | measurable outcome like all-cause mortality, and large observed
         | effect.
        
       | carbocation wrote:
       | As someone who also heavily uses UK Biobank in my research, I
       | would just encourage people to think about this effect size and
       | ask whether it's plausible. If true, coffee has a more powerful
       | effect on your risk of all-cause death than any drug for most
       | diseases. It's wildly implausible. The results are confounded.
       | There is no causal anchor.
       | 
       | Having said that, coffee is great.
        
         | troydavis wrote:
         | > There is no causal anchor.
         | 
         | While it's closer to speculation than science, past discussion
         | of health benefits from coffee focused on antioxidants. Coffee,
         | green and black tea, and cocoa have relatively high antioxidant
         | content[1], particularly after adjusting for quantity consumed.
         | 
         | I haven't seen any breakdowns of how the average person ingests
         | antioxidants, but it's not like everyone eats 3 oz of
         | blueberries a day :-) Beverages might be a major source.
         | 
         | Again, this is pretty close to speculation, but it's not
         | nothing.
         | 
         | [1]: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11453788/ (a quick
         | citation - IANA expert)
        
           | 323 wrote:
           | Note that there is a suspected link between anti-oxidants and
           | cancer. The mechanism is pretty simple: oxidative stress is a
           | warning system to the cell that initiates various repair
           | mechanisms, up to apoptosis. Too much anti-oxidants suppress
           | this warning system, thus allowing a damaged cell to go on.
           | 
           | One paper, there are many:
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674247/
        
           | carbocation wrote:
           | Yours is perfectly fine speculation for a message board. I
           | just think that the result is likely confounded, and there is
           | no reason to reach for a biological mechanism when the study
           | wasn't causal in the first place.
           | 
           | I tend to think along the lines of `rsync:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31595857
        
         | 323 wrote:
         | > _a more powerful effect on your risk of all-cause death than
         | any drug for most diseases_
         | 
         | But these people were mostly healthy.
         | 
         | I'm sure that coffee doesn't work better compared to medicine
         | if you are diseased,
        
           | carbocation wrote:
           | My point is that most drugs don't work this well for your
           | disease, if you are diseased. If this result were
           | mechanistically true, then we could instantly prolong human
           | lifespan dramatically.
        
             | 323 wrote:
             | But my point is that when you're healthy, the mortality
             | risk is so low, that it doesn't take much to make it even
             | lower.
             | 
             | Even more impressive result, exercise reduces all cause
             | mortality by 40%:
             | 
             | > _Using a large nationally representative sample of US
             | adults, we found that those who engaged in both aerobic and
             | muscle strengthening activities consistent with the
             | recommended 2018 physical activity guidelines for Americans
             | showed a reduced risk of all cause mortality (40%
             | reduction)._
             | 
             | https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m2031
             | 
             | > _instantly prolong human lifespan dramatically_
             | 
             | But that doesn't follow. It's conditional. More accurate
             | follow would be _" instantly prolong human lifespan
             | dramatically AS LONG AS YOU DON'T GET DISEASED"_
             | 
             | Example: having a fire extinguisher in your house decreases
             | risk of losing your house in a fire by 30% before a fire.
             | But if your house is on fire I bet it's much much lower.
             | There are two different populations, two different
             | distributions.
        
               | carbocation wrote:
               | Luckily, there is no signal for harm from coffee, so we
               | can randomize a bunch of healthy people and see if there
               | is an effect. Personally, I'd want to see a higher
               | quality of evidence before spending my time on it, but if
               | people believe it, this is one of the most important
               | studies in the history of human health waiting to be
               | written.
        
         | tqi wrote:
         | Agreed, this doesn't pass the sniff test at all. Makes me think
         | of this article[1]:
         | 
         | > Your estimate will be wrong for a silly, almost tautological
         | reason: if you can only detect large effects, then any effect
         | you detect will be large. If you keep looking for an effect,
         | over and over again, until finally one study gets lucky and
         | sees it, that study will almost necessarily give a wild
         | overestimate of the effect size.
         | 
         | [1]: https://jaydaigle.net/blog/replication-crisis-math/,
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30181696
        
       | 11thEarlOfMar wrote:
       | What are the differences in Cause of Death between the coffee and
       | non-coffee drinkers?
       | 
       | For example, are coffee drinkers less likely to die in a crash
       | commuting to work in the morning?
       | 
       | Or less likely to die from stroke?
        
       | steviedotboston wrote:
       | I dunno, call me skeptical but I think everyone has a 100% risk
       | of dying.
        
         | phabricator wrote:
         | lel this comment is 2 zany 4 me XD
        
         | carapace wrote:
         | I had the same thought. "Coffee is the Fountain of Youth" is
         | not what they meant, eh? :) (Although I often joke that you can
         | actually see me turn from a zombie into a live human being with
         | that first sip in the morning.)
        
       | goda90 wrote:
       | >There's also the possibility that coffee drinkers tend to make
       | healthier choices in general. They might opt for a cold brew or a
       | cup of drip coffee instead of a less healthy source of caffeine,
       | like an energy drink or soda, Dr. Goldberg added. "If you're
       | pounding Mountain Dew or Coca-Cola or Red Bull or all these other
       | drinks, they have tons more sugar, all the artificial stuff --
       | versus coffee, which is a generally unprocessed food."
       | 
       | It sounds like we need a study comparing people who rarely drink
       | anything but water vs coffee drinking vs energy drink/soda
       | drinking.
        
         | mikkergp wrote:
         | It sounds like they didn't cover lifestyle factors, but I'm
         | wondering if you even could. Over 7 years, does 170,000
         | participants means people lying or not remembering things
         | properly cancel each other out? or would the data be too
         | muddied to tell.
        
           | CydeWeys wrote:
           | I'm a habitual coffee drinker and I can tell you with a high
           | degree of certainty that I almost never drink non-diet soda,
           | and haven't for at least 7 years. It's pretty hard to just
           | forget behaviors that are habitual for you.
        
             | mikkergp wrote:
             | While true for habits, I eat cake like maybe 3 times a
             | month four months out of the year? I never drink soda, but
             | I couldn't tell you what my consistent
             | sugar/fat/cholesterol intake is, it varies with the
             | seasons/stress, etc. is it better than average? Worse than
             | average? I dunno. Same with exercise.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | They do? Most coffee drinkers that I know load up on cream and
         | sugar.
        
         | swozey wrote:
         | Also I'm a no-coffee but energy drink (Bang usually) drinker
         | and my energy drinks have either 0-3 grams of sugar... I drink
         | water all day long, no sodas, etc. I'm sure 280 grams of
         | caffeine can't be that great for me, of course.
        
           | antihero wrote:
           | Better than 280 grams of cocaine though.
        
           | ISL wrote:
           | 280 grams would be very bad. 280 mg, substantially better :).
        
             | swozey wrote:
             | Haha, I thought grams sounded weird as I was typing it.
             | Thanks!
        
           | gigaflop wrote:
           | ~300mg all at once is a recipe for a bad time, for me. I'd
           | rather drink 2 Monsters (0-cal, 140mg caff each) than 1 Bang,
           | and space them out further.
           | 
           | But I'll have a C4 once in a blue moon, if I plan to hit the
           | gym very soon after.
        
       | antiverse wrote:
       | I drink anywhere between 0-5 cups of black coffee a day. By cup I
       | mean a standard size coffee cup you'd find in any store.
       | Sometimes I'll throw in a cappuccino (double espresso) because
       | I'm feeling like having one. So far I've lived through studies
       | telling me I will live shorter, and studies telling me I will
       | live longer.
       | 
       | There seems to be an unhealthy neurosis/anxiety built up around
       | staving off death as long as possible - the number of articles on
       | HN, companies started around longevity by people who are, to put
       | it bluntly, scared shitless of dying, is disturbing. You can't
       | lower your risk of dying. If enjoy a cup of coffee, then enjoy a
       | damn cup of coffee regardless of what studies say.
        
       | orblivion wrote:
       | Hopefully it compensates for my increased mortality risk from
       | beer.
        
       | danw1979 wrote:
       | I'll have a guess at the causation here: more coffee consumed =>
       | better code written => higher income => higher standard of
       | living, correlated with better health outcomes.
        
       | karmakaze wrote:
       | I drink coffee because it became part of my routine, then I got
       | to enjoy it, and now it helps me focus while working.
       | 
       | One aspect I notice from my caffeine intake is that it helps me
       | deal with stuff in general--nothing stresses me out. The downside
       | is that I also feel positive things less as well, so I try to
       | limit it to morning/mid-afternoon of weekdays. I can certainly
       | see in my case living a life with less stress promoting longevity
       | but with less richness of experience.
        
       | carlgreene wrote:
       | > The mortality risk remained lower for people who drank both
       | decaffeinated and caffeinated coffee.
       | 
       | Very interesting! I've seen this conclusion many times in the
       | past decade+ but have yet for someone to call out the aspect of
       | caffeine. I wouldn't suspect caffeine to result in lower
       | mortality risk, but you never know
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/L5k9P
        
       | jokoon wrote:
       | so why doctors keep saying to drink less coffee? not to mention
       | sleep problems...
        
         | xeromal wrote:
         | Doctors aren't a monolith and I doubt all of them have read
         | this study yet.
         | 
         | I've found most sleep problems disappear if I stop drinking
         | coffee before 3pm. YMMV.
         | 
         | In college, I could drink coffee at 9pm with a bowl of icecream
         | and it didn't hurt my sleep at all. lol
        
         | Tagbert wrote:
         | Not all doctors say that.
         | 
         | Yes, if you are having sleep problems they might tell you to
         | cut back on coffee and other caffeine sources. Some people are
         | particularly sensitive to caffeine and get jitters and have
         | trouble sleeping. Most people do not have this problem and as
         | long as they don't drink coffee late in the day, it does not
         | cause sleep problems.
        
         | 0daystock wrote:
         | Most doctors receive inadequate nutrition training, if any, and
         | are usually unqualified to speak about these topics.
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | I hadn't heard doctors (and by that I mean: researchers) saying
         | to drink less coffee, except if it's causing sleep problems.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | softwaredoug wrote:
       | A plausible theory is people who CANT drink coffee, or dont drink
       | as much, have health issues that often prevent them from drinking
       | coffee...
        
         | tarentel wrote:
         | The article specifically says there were benefits to people who
         | drink decaffeinated and caffeinated alike.
        
           | dahart wrote:
           | Decaf is still acidic. Caffeine is not the only reason some
           | people can't drink coffee.
        
           | rhacker wrote:
           | There is still caffeine in decaf. Enough that my heart issue
           | brother can't drink that either.
        
             | nomel wrote:
             | According to a quick search, ~2mg vs ~100mg.
        
               | thih9 wrote:
               | I've heard that sometimes ordering decaf will get you a
               | caffeinated drink and that a lot of places disregard or
               | don't pay enough attention to that particular request. I
               | have no source or any numbers though.
        
               | hawk_ wrote:
               | That's why I always order instant decaf so I can look at
               | the packet before dissolving it.
        
               | CydeWeys wrote:
               | It definitely varies wildly. Some methods of
               | decaffeination might leave as much as one-third of the
               | coffee still in the beans.
               | 
               | I'm a regular coffee drinker (and not caffeine
               | sensitive), and I do get a placebo boost from decaf, but
               | without any noticeable effects from actual caffeine.
        
             | eurasiantiger wrote:
             | And a host of other psychoactive chemicals.
        
         | planetsprite wrote:
         | what kind of health issues keep people from drinking decaf
         | coffee
        
           | bena wrote:
           | If you have issues with caffeine, decaffeinated coffee is
           | often off limits as well. Decaffeinated coffee isn't caffeine
           | free coffee. There's a limit to the process.
           | 
           | Also, if you have issues with caffeine and have never drank
           | coffee before, why ever start? It seems like a thing you
           | could just never do and be fine with.
           | 
           | Not to mention, what if the problem isn't with the caffeine,
           | but something else in the coffee. Decaf doesn't fix that.
        
         | jobu wrote:
         | > _Baseline demographic, lifestyle, and dietary data from the
         | UK Biobank were used_
         | 
         | This data is from the UK where coffee is still significantly
         | less popular than tea. Would be interesting to see the
         | mortality risk of coffee vs tea drinkers though.
        
           | 0des wrote:
           | Hot beverages are proven to damage cells which can lead to
           | cancer of the upper digestive tract, regardless.
           | 
           | Also how many people load it up with sugar and cream rather
           | than just the brew itself.
        
             | ancientworldnow wrote:
             | The study found natural sweeteners also had a decrease in
             | mortality (but artificial sweeteners did not - but probably
             | because people choosing those already have health risks).
        
               | 0des wrote:
               | how about no sweetener
        
               | jamal-kumar wrote:
               | I get the sense after living in a country which produces
               | incredible coffee for a while that it's about quality.
               | 
               | Like they're just covering up the bad taste.
               | 
               | You have to pay like 20$ a bag to get something that
               | isn't bitter in North America. Here if you want bad
               | coffee at a low price I guess you can buy instant?
               | 
               | I don't think green tea drinkers are putting many
               | additives in there.
        
             | wincy wrote:
             | Isnt the British method of preparing tea and coffee to load
             | it up with milk and cream immediately? Makes it so you can
             | drink quickly and don't have to wait for it to cool off.
             | (Source: am American and have watched one or two YouTube
             | videos of how to prepare tea the British way)
        
               | meowface wrote:
               | >Isnt the British method of preparing tea and coffee to
               | load it up with milk and cream immediately?
               | 
               | I feel like the potential health risks of doing this
               | every day might be worse than the health risks of cancer
               | caused by exposure to hot liquids, even if it's something
               | as small as a bit of increased weight gain. (Especially
               | since you can just wait for it to cool down a bit.)
        
             | jamal-kumar wrote:
             | I always wait for my coffee or tea to cool down a bit
             | before drinking it for this very reason. Doesn't make it
             | any less enjoyable, I don't understand how people develop a
             | tolerance to scalding hot and won't even finish anything
             | less. Such a weird cultural preference.
             | 
             | Even better on a hot day is iced coffee! Something about
             | letting it end up at room temperature for a while alters
             | the taste but if it just goes straight on ice it's kinda
             | sweet on its own.
        
             | arisAlexis wrote:
             | Only if it exceeds certain Temps
        
         | wincy wrote:
         | Yeah I throw up every time I drink coffee. I mean I don't want
         | to admit it but that's probably a sign that somethings wrong
         | which is a problem. I saw a doctor today and he said "something
         | something interesting parasympathetic system".
        
       | hereforphone wrote:
       | Mortality risk remains 100%.
        
       | travisgriggs wrote:
       | Curious how well they were able to control for economic factors.
       | How are they not sure it's not
       | 
       | "People who can afford to buy lots of coffee can also afford
       | other lifestyle ingredients that lead to longer life,
       | relatively." ?
       | 
       | Latter Day Saints and Adventists don"t drink coffee, and yet they
       | get to brag about better than average longevity too. But that too
       | could just be a canary for economic indicators.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > Latter Day Saints
         | 
         | What's the reason not to drink coffee for them?
        
           | travisgriggs wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_of_Wisdom
        
       | papito wrote:
       | A study described in the Dorito Effect took millions of grocery
       | receipts and analyzed them. Turned out people who had wine in
       | their carts also had an overall healthy selection of food at
       | checkout. The customers who bought beer stuffed their carts with
       | all kinds of junk.
       | 
       | So there is that. So much for "a glass of wine a day is good for
       | your heart".
        
       | sithadmin wrote:
        
       | uhtred wrote:
       | > Those who drank 1.5 to 3.5 cups of coffee per day, even with a
       | teaspoon of sugar, were up to 30 percent less likely to die
       | during the study period than those who didn't drink coffee. Those
       | who drank unsweetened coffee were 16 to 21 percent less likely to
       | die during the study period
       | 
       | Eh? So having sugar in the coffee was better than no sugar? am I
       | reading this wrong?
        
         | ericmay wrote:
         | Yea I thought that was worded a little confusingly as well, or
         | at least my intuition is confusing me versus what was written.
         | 
         | I also wonder if it's just increased consumption of water via
         | coffee that is helpful here. They're saying it's not the
         | caffeine so would it then just be the residue from the beans
         | soaking in the water?
        
         | mikkergp wrote:
         | This effect makes me very curious, because yeah I wouldn't
         | think adding sugar would be better, but one effect could be
         | that - if people are really only using a teaspoon of sugar,
         | maybe people who are able to moderate the sugar intake in
         | coffee are good at moderating diet in other ways as well? I
         | drink black coffee, but, it's not that I'm being healthful,
         | it's I like the dark strong flavor of coffee, and that desire
         | for "strong flavors" means I don't always make the best health
         | choices in other areas.
        
       | alfiedotwtf wrote:
       | Stands up in muscle pose: "I AM INVINCIBLE"
        
         | doctor_eval wrote:
         | Came here to say the same thing. "I'M GONNA TO LIVE
         | FOREVA!!!!!"
        
       | arisAlexis wrote:
       | Amen
        
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       (page generated 2022-06-02 23:01 UTC)