[HN Gopher] Rejecting data demands, ExpressVPN removes VPN serve...
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       Rejecting data demands, ExpressVPN removes VPN servers in India
        
       Author : noufalibrahim
       Score  : 205 points
       Date   : 2022-06-02 10:18 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.expressvpn.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.expressvpn.com)
        
       | deostroll wrote:
       | Suppose a GoI website is geo-blocked such that only the citizens
       | of India can access it.
       | 
       | Now that a global vpn company has removed its servers out of
       | India, does it mean its customers (while using that vpn service)
       | is blocked from accessing the said website?
       | 
       | Or is there some other implication here?
       | 
       | Curious to know.
        
         | EwanToo wrote:
         | They'll register (or purchase) IP address blocks that are
         | marked as Indian in the various GeoIP databases, then assign
         | those IP addresses to servers hosted outside India.
        
       | lizardactivist wrote:
       | Owned by Kape, and only accepts data demands when they come from
       | the U.S. or Israel.
       | 
       | When it comes to VPNs, stick to the ones that are wholly owned,
       | based, and operated in the EU.
        
       | lapser wrote:
       | > With virtual locations, the registered IP address matches the
       | country you have chosen to connect to, while the server is
       | physically located in another country.
       | 
       | How does this work then? How can you have a Indian IP address,
       | while the server is located in the UK?
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | How does Geo-location from IP work anyway? From my knowledge
         | it's just figuring out the ISP the IP-block is assigned to, and
         | finding out the address of the ISP. But technically a computer
         | anywhere in the world can have any IP? Or since I don't know
         | anything about routing: are there routing rules that would
         | think "This is an Indian IP, I'm going to forward this data
         | towards India"?
        
           | mulmen wrote:
           | Cross reference with billing address? Your ISP knows where
           | you live, and what IP you have. Do you trust them not to sell
           | that data?
           | 
           | Any delivery of anything on your phone at least goes to a
           | nearby cell tower but probably exits on your IP from your
           | wifi, and has your address as a requirement. Seems very easy.
           | 
           | Uber Eats, Doordash, etc all know the address of your ip as a
           | requirement to perform their services.
        
           | jaywalk wrote:
           | Any computer can't have any IP, but the routing rules have
           | nothing to do with physical location. Routers advertise to
           | their neighbors the IP block(s) that they serve.
           | 
           | As a super high level example, your ISP's core router would
           | advertise to other ISP's routers that it serves 10.123.x.x
           | IPs, so any IP address in that block gets sent to that
           | router. Then within your ISP, the router in your area would
           | advertise that it serves 10.123.45.x, so it receives packets
           | for IPs in that more specific block from the core router. So
           | your IP would have to be within the 10.123.45.x block,
           | because that's what the router serving you is assigned.
        
           | petercooper wrote:
           | I think it goes deeper than that. Even here in the UK with
           | its heavily centralized PoPs it's possible for geolocation
           | tools to narrow a consumer down to a specific town (my cable
           | connection tends to get geolocated to a big town 20 miles
           | from me though) so I assume databases of locations of PoPs
           | are maintained somewhere too.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Jamie9912 wrote:
         | ExpressVPN does this a lot for their "European" servers. If you
         | ping them it ends up in the UK (as far as I can tell), even for
         | their countries like Serbia and Montenegro
        
         | bragr wrote:
         | They must control ranges of "indian" IP addresses but announce
         | BGP routes for them in Singapore and the UK. GeoIP says India,
         | BGP takes you somewhere else. Easy peasy
        
           | elij wrote:
           | not true -- your prefix location is a BGP tag which is
           | appended based on where you're physically connected (which T1
           | carriers will do). Obviously you can get around it with an
           | overlay network but you'll need some trivial PoP in India.
        
             | ev1 wrote:
             | Nah this is all just fake whois entries announced
             | elsewhere. Has no connection to IN outside of that.
        
               | elij wrote:
               | interesting that they're having so much success with
               | false RIPE/ARIN entries. Proper geolocation (as in with
               | visiblity of most T1s) would trivially identify the
               | origin of traffic.
        
               | ev1 wrote:
               | There is less success than you would expect, but it's
               | mostly just there to tick a box, not really used much.
        
         | stevewatson301 wrote:
         | Fake WHOIS records, you can typically populate anything there.
         | Some geolocation providers blindly trust the values that you
         | put in there (for example, Maxmind); others do triangulation
         | based on trace routes and ping times to deduce if the
         | advertised location is actually correct (ipinfo, DB-IP).
        
       | night-rider wrote:
       | What if you spin up a VPS based in India and install
       | OpenVPN/Wireguard on it? Surely they can't demand logs of a box
       | you operate yourself?
        
         | stevewatson301 wrote:
         | The law that they're talking about also mandates cloud and
         | server providers to maintain IP allocation histories and
         | validate customer identities by way of KYCs.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jaywalk wrote:
         | A lot of services (like Netflix) block datacenter IPs to
         | prevent this sort of thing.
        
         | 0des wrote:
         | They'd tell the provider not you
        
         | Renaud wrote:
         | What makes you think you can operate in a country without
         | obeying its laws, however detrimental to privacy they are ?
        
           | antihero wrote:
           | Disregard for laws. Can be good, can be bad, but never
           | underestimate the empowerment of disobedience.
        
           | hirako2000 wrote:
           | I got some for you: - principles, and going as far as
           | extending freedom even if you personally already benefit from
           | it - civil desobedience is a thing, even though some stances
           | are questionable.
           | 
           | And, I thought the debate for more needs of privacy, and
           | given the threats have been proven to even come from
           | governments (snowden/NSA, pegasus), was settled, visibly it
           | isn't if even on HN such argument is given in the context of
           | such a clear subject. The overstepping body there is the
           | government, not the busines imo.
        
           | Aperocky wrote:
           | > With a recent data law introduced in India requiring all
           | VPN providers to store user information for at least five
           | years
           | 
           | By not being a VPN provider? A private VPN isn't hard to
           | make.
        
         | wonderbore wrote:
         | Yeah but what's the point? A single-user VPN means all traffic
         | is already attributable to them.
         | 
         | If the intent is just to access the Indian web, then sure. I'm
         | sure there are plenty other non-privacy-aware VPNs that let you
         | do that though.
        
         | danesparza wrote:
         | Do you really think you operate the VPS host box in a foreign
         | country? And you really think a foreign government doesn't have
         | sovereignty over their own soil?
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | marcthe12 wrote:
         | The law includes data request for owner and IP of VPSes too. So
         | maybe no logs but the IP address and the VPS will be tied to
         | your real identity anyway so no improvement
        
       | 0daystock wrote:
       | > Not only is it our policy that we would not accept logging, but
       | we have also specifically designed our VPN servers to not be able
       | to log, including by running in RAM.
       | 
       | Do people really believe this bullshit? Empty claims of servers
       | running "in memory" as a meaningful defense against surveillance?
        
         | ntoskrnl wrote:
         | Going diskless is not a complete defense (nothing is), but it
         | still helps against certain attack vectors. Borrowing from
         | Mullvad's blog post on the topic[1]:
         | 
         | - If the computer is powered off, moved or confiscated, there
         | is no data to retrieve.
         | 
         | - Running the system in RAM does not prevent the possibility of
         | logging. It does however minimise the risk of accidentally
         | storing something that can later be retrieved.
         | 
         | https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2022/1/12/diskless-infrastructur...
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | Microsoft used to crow about this stuff a lot of with respect
         | to O365. I remember getting a dirty look when I laughed at the
         | rep.
         | 
         | Their services terminate TLS locally for most tiers of service
         | (Even with the "Government Community Cloud"), so you need to be
         | careful and use VPNs in any scenario where a foreign interest
         | may be interested in what your employees are up to.
        
         | sodality2 wrote:
         | Non-persistence of any data is a positive in terms of data at
         | rest, how is that not a defense against surveillance?
         | Regardless of the fact that it's not verifiable, assuming it
         | were true, would it not be a good thing?
        
           | 0daystock wrote:
           | How is an anonymous, non-attributable, non-verifiable
           | statement, from a company trying to sell you a product, worth
           | anything? Why assume it's true when it is so contrary to even
           | basic common sense, for anyone who has ever stood up a LAMP
           | stack?
        
             | sodality2 wrote:
             | I don't mean to assume it's true to validate their
             | advertising. For the sake of argument, if a server uses
             | only a RAM disk, is that an improvement over having disks?
             | Of course a network can still have sneaky equipment in
             | between but that is still possible without RAM disks, so is
             | it not beneficial to have a RAM disk?
             | 
             | Please note that I am not arguing in favor of their
             | advertising or to say that it is successfully avoiding
             | surveillance. But, do you believe that no-disk boot,
             | assuming it actually takes place, is a positive thing, or
             | not?
             | 
             | I admit I misconstrued your original comment to be a
             | criticism of the technology rather than the fact that this
             | VPN company advertises as such. Nonetheless I do think no-
             | disk-boot is not useless as a technology and if you have
             | any disagreement I would love to hear it, as someone who
             | uses a VPN (not expressVPN) that says they use the same
             | setup.
        
               | 0daystock wrote:
               | It depends entirely on the threat model. If three-letter
               | agencies are the adversary, moving logging to RAM is
               | unlikely to be a meaningful deterrent - they probably
               | already have a root shell or direct access to the VM
               | hypervisor. So if it doesn't protect against nation
               | states, whom are we defending against? Another law
               | enforcement agency raiding the server room and taking
               | hard drives? But I thought ExpressVPN doesn't log
               | anything, so why would that matter? Let's just be real
               | and practical about what problem this is actually
               | purported to solve, else we should call it theater
               | because it's what it is.
        
               | ImPostingOnHN wrote:
               | the question was, is it better (than running off-disk),
               | rather than "is it good enough for X"
               | 
               | the answer is, yes. even an infintesimally smaller attack
               | surface is better than an infinitesimally larger one, all
               | other things being equal
        
             | bragr wrote:
             | Because it's pretty easy to set up a ready only server that
             | runs off read only storage and that doesn't include any
             | writable storage. The fact that it could be done doesn't
             | really require extreme proof. They could still be lying but
             | it's not a hard or unusual thing to do.
        
         | throwaway0x7E6 wrote:
         | these claims aren't necessarily empty, but pointless because
         | ISPs still log everything, as they're required by law pretty
         | much everywhere. it would require a bit more digging to
         | through, but the data is still there - even with some clever
         | routing with on-premise equipment, there's still more than
         | enough data to deduce which inbound connection corresponds to
         | which outbound connection
         | 
         | if your threat model is three letters agencies, vpns and tor
         | are a fig leaf
        
           | cloutchaser wrote:
           | I agree a VPN won't help against a three letter agency. But
           | it will help against an ISP, who has a legal right to sell
           | your browsing data in the US.
           | 
           | This is one of the use cases for why you might want a VPN, if
           | you trust a VPN company more than your ISP.
           | 
           | A VPN is just paying for putting your trust in a VPN brand
           | rather than an ISP brand. I don't see why that's such an
           | offensive business to so many HN users.
        
             | 0daystock wrote:
             | > I don't see why that's such an offensive business to so
             | many HN users.
             | 
             | Because the assertion VPNs - apparently unlike every other
             | ISP - do not log or monetize your data is simply laughable,
             | especially as so many are based in third-world countries,
             | set up by shell entities and have almost no accountability
             | for any of their claims.
        
               | cloutchaser wrote:
               | Their entire business model is premised on the fact that
               | they don't. If they ever were found to be, their hundred
               | million dollar businesses (expressvpn) would vanish.
               | 
               | When express has their servers seized in turkey, there
               | was no usable data on them.
               | 
               | I know you are super paranoid, but that still doesn't
               | make my point wrong, or using a VPN wrong. Again, if you
               | trust a vpn more than your ISP, that's pretty legitimate
               | in many countries.
        
               | jayrot wrote:
               | I'm as generally skeptical as anyone, but I think you've
               | seen that it's essentially impossible to rationally
               | debate with someone who believes in a conspiracy to the
               | point that evidence against it can just be dismissed as
               | part of the conspiracy itself. It's frustrating.
               | 
               | I certainly wouldn't trust my life to an unaudited VPN,
               | but I think your two main points are pretty compelling --
               | 1) the business model is of large VPN companies is based
               | on trust. They have very explicit, business interest in
               | not violating that trust. 2) in one case we know of, when
               | seized, the servers didn't have actionable information on
               | them.
               | 
               | Does that mean every VPN company is trustworthy? Of
               | course not. Does it mean that things could change at any
               | time? Of course.
        
               | 0daystock wrote:
               | Your trust is based on baseless promises and one
               | isolated, possibly even manufactured, incident. I find
               | this to be super naive.
        
               | cloutchaser wrote:
               | You clearly have 0 trust in your life. Might want to work
               | on that.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | You might as well just treat everything as manufactured
               | then. Even this thread must just be manufactured by Big
               | VPN.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | dncornholio wrote:
       | > Rest assured, our users will still be able to connect to VPN
       | servers that will give them Indian IP addresses and allow them to
       | access the internet as if they were located in India. These
       | "virtual" India servers will instead be physically located in
       | Singapore and the UK.
       | 
       | Wondering why anyone is still using ip-based geolocation. The
       | most popular use for VPN's is mocking your location to Steam and
       | Netflix. Could be these players allow mock locations because it
       | gives them revenue..
        
         | hirako2000 wrote:
         | Cat and mouse game seem to be nowhere near its end. And totally
         | agree, businesses will happily play it forever.
         | 
         | Why geo ip? Naivety/ignorance coupled with the outdated
         | business logic that segmenting audiences to skim customers to
         | the max will continue to be the winning strategy. It rarely
         | come from within IT brainstorming, those in denial or sticking
         | to short sighted green are the business strategists also being
         | vaguely sold that controlling can be done (and to some degree
         | yes it can be so long as consumers bases don't in their
         | majority adopt privacy measures and moan when being
         | unlegitimately denied access) On the more forgiving side, it
         | does help easily monitor kiddy attacks altogether, if there is
         | no market in Takjistan, why bother looking at false vs true
         | positives coming from there, dumb scripts are dumb but can
         | still be costly for the network management team.
        
         | kevincox wrote:
         | It seems pretty clear to me at least for the Netflix case.
         | 
         | - Content providers care because they want to sell exclusive
         | per-region licenses.
         | 
         | - Netflix doesn't really care, in fact the may benefit from
         | more content available to their users.
         | 
         | The end result is that Netflix will do the bare minimum to keep
         | the content providers satisfied.
         | 
         | Steam is more of a concern because they have different prices
         | per region. But IIRC they use your billing address, not your IP
         | location which is harder to spoof.
        
           | manquer wrote:
           | That is also true for Netflix and they do care. Indian
           | monthty subscription is much lower priced and starts ~2$ than
           | U.S. that costs like $20[1]
           | 
           | Geolocation is largely a feature in products and in licensing
           | because there is big purchasing power difference between rich
           | and poor countries.
           | 
           | Netflix has been more tolerant in the past of region bypass
           | than others for the same reason they didn't crackdown on
           | password sharing but won't be in the future.
           | 
           | [1] The actual prices we pay might vary in both countries
           | depending on promotion and tie ups etc, but these are list
           | prices of which those components would be applied.
        
         | jorams wrote:
         | > Wondering why anyone is still using ip-based geolocation
         | 
         | I don't think there's a reasonable alternative. If you ask
         | users for their location they can just lie, if you use the JS
         | geolocation API they can trivially deny or spoof it. If you
         | base it on billing address you're locking out people who are
         | traveling, which seems unwanted (especially for long-term
         | travel).
         | 
         | So instead they end up playing a cat and mouse game to try to
         | block VPNs.
        
       | hklwarp wrote:
       | ExpressVPN now belongs to Kape Technologies, which has a colorful
       | history:
       | 
       | https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/what-is-kape...
       | 
       | https://www.reuters.com/technology/kape-technologies-buys-ex...
        
         | paradite wrote:
         | I assume all VPN providers as honeypots by default, until they
         | are proven otherwise.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | Realistically, these things are mainly used to pirate and
           | break the ToS of various websites ("Netflix from other
           | countries", "buy games at cheaper rates"). With ISPs in some
           | countries selling their customers' browsing data to
           | advertisers, I don't think these shady VPN companies are much
           | worse than not using them for a shockingly large amount of
           | people.
           | 
           | Mullvad seems to come out pretty clean whenever these shady
           | VPN providers show up on the news again. Being able to use
           | them by just transferring some crypto to the right address
           | without even needing to enter a username or email address
           | seems pretty good. If you ever forget your account number,
           | you're out of a month's worth of service at most and can just
           | generate a new account when needed. It's the only commercial
           | VPN I put a moderate amount of trust in, even though I've
           | never used their service.
        
             | headmelted wrote:
             | I see these posts, and my gut feeling is that Mullvad is
             | probably fairly trustworthy at this moment in time, but the
             | more word of their service spreads the more likely I would
             | assume it is that they get approached by the type of
             | government representatives you don't say no to.
             | 
             | (I.e. I assume success to be a death knell for a service
             | like this.)
             | 
             | I'm not a customer, but I've considered it from a privacy
             | perspective (in that I could just route general browsing
             | through it to block a layer of data harvesting). The
             | problem is that I don't know what authority they have to
             | push back if pushed by the right actor (who inevitably will
             | knock on the door at some point).
        
               | jiveturkey wrote:
               | > at this moment in time
               | 
               | yup. So was The Great Suspender.
               | 
               | This is why privacy is a one-way circuit breaker kind of
               | system. Once you give your privacy away, you can never
               | assume anything about how your data is used. No matter
               | the entity, you simply cannot trust that they will hold
               | your data secure and use it in your best interests. Even
               | Apple, hell even Signal, has leaky bits and "side
               | channels" that can, and you must assume _will_ , be
               | subverted.
               | 
               | VPN services are well off the mark in terms of privacy
               | protection. That the ~~marketing~~ propaganda is so
               | focused on the opposite is an abomination.
        
               | TechieKid wrote:
               | Sidechannels in Signal is news to me. Can you provide
               | some keywords to search for, or any links?
        
               | jiveturkey wrote:
               | The contact discovery services leaks the fact that you
               | are using Signal. It is not optional. It's clear why that
               | is, so I won't spell it out.
        
               | growwrkr6 wrote:
               | They can get download records from Google or Apple to
               | check for Signal downloads.
               | 
               | So there's really no reason for Signal to try and hide
               | one is merely using Signal. Best to focus on securing
               | content.
        
               | jiveturkey wrote:
               | You are missing the attack vector here.
        
               | steve_avery wrote:
               | I assume you are talking about the chrome plugin "the
               | great suspender"; I am not sure what controversy you
               | refer to? What happened to it?
        
               | ar_lan wrote:
               | See https://github.com/greatsuspender/thegreatsuspender/i
               | ssues/1...
        
             | kaetemi wrote:
             | I use VPN services because my ISPs routing has a strange
             | habit of going the wrong way around the globe and making
             | mystery detours through the US. Picking a good point in-
             | between helps to get on less congested paths.
        
               | Blackthorn wrote:
               | I had this problem trying to do online gaming on
               | Frontier. Their routing was both atrocious and
               | mysterious. Using a VPN to get off their network ASAP
               | made games playable.
        
             | paradite wrote:
             | I just pay for the most expensive ISP.
             | 
             | Edit: Not sure why the downvotes but I don't live in the
             | US, if that matters.
        
               | badRNG wrote:
               | What makes you think a more expensive ISP will go against
               | their interests and refuse to maximize their profits by
               | selling access to information that they are legally
               | allowed to share? Are there expensive "privacy"-branded
               | ISPs I'm not aware of?
        
               | paradite wrote:
               | I don't live in the US, but here's a link from eff:
               | 
               | https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/03/small-isps-oppose-
               | cong...
        
               | skinnymuch wrote:
               | That doesn't mean anything. It's the same with Apple
               | pretending to care about privacy right now while it is a
               | competitive advantage.
        
               | paradite wrote:
               | Yes, you are right and I'm wrong.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | You're lucky if you live in an area with more than one
               | ISP. lol
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | How could one prove otherwise? (Assuming you can't send in a
           | 5 Eyes team to audit them, haven't hacked their management
           | network, etc.)
        
             | GordonS wrote:
             | I think sending in a 5 Eyes team to audit them would result
             | in the VPN provider becoming a honeypot even if they
             | weren't before!
        
             | passivate wrote:
             | But what does proof even mean? They can pass any audit you
             | throw at them, and then immediately switch to being bad
             | actors.
        
             | markovbot wrote:
             | One can't really, which is why these absurd claims of "we
             | wont monitor your traffic" should be assumed to be blatant
             | falsehoods.
        
         | cloutchaser wrote:
         | If you want a decent sized paid VPN service, you are basically
         | choosing between Nord and Kape now.
         | 
         | Pepsi and Coca cola.
        
           | xeromal wrote:
           | What are the thoughts on PIA? I've used them for years
           | without issue, but I'm sure they're harvesting my data. lol
        
             | BlueTankEngine wrote:
             | PIA has proven in court multiple times that they don't log.
             | Everyone in this post worrying about Kape is probably not
             | using their vpns for anything illegal in their
             | jurisdiction, and are just obsessed with "privacy"
        
               | poppytaker wrote:
               | Has PIA proven in court not to log subsequent to being
               | purchased?
        
             | mehlmao wrote:
             | They're owned by Kape. I switched to Proton once my 3-year
             | plan ended.
        
           | arosier wrote:
           | Proton VPN - 70M+ signups across our products. Fairly decent
           | size at this point.(disclaimer I work for Proton)
        
           | WaxProlix wrote:
           | Mullvad?
        
             | cloutchaser wrote:
             | "decent sized"
             | 
             | Lots of small coke companies exist too, to use my analogy
             | again.
        
               | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
               | Mullvad is not small.
        
               | throwaway92394 wrote:
               | Mullvad isn't small, and I'm not sure how Nord
               | specifically compares, but its probaubly worth noting
               | they mostly use 100TB, Tzulo, Quadranet, M247, and 31173.
               | They use a bunch of others but not much.
               | 
               | Mullvad for obvious reasons is used for less... wonderful
               | usecases. It's not uncommon for websites to block you due
               | to abuse from that exit. ASN blocking is rather common
               | with mullvad too though that's less avoidable.
               | 
               | I have less info on Nord, although I can see it has about
               | 4x the ip's. No idea if they are more diverse network
               | wise. Their accepted payment methods suck though.
        
               | ThatMedicIsASpy wrote:
               | I saw NordVPN ads in German TV. At this point I would say
               | they invest all of their money into marketing - my reason
               | for never ever buying their product. I haven't had any
               | issues in terms of blocking on mullvad but my sample size
               | is small since I don't change the servers that often.
        
               | throwaway92394 wrote:
               | Yeah my impression is they're all marketing and care
               | relatively little about privacy. How you can claim to
               | care about privacy but still require an email is beyond
               | me.
        
               | scoopertrooper wrote:
               | Would you accept RC Cola?
               | 
               | - A loyal Mullvad customer
        
               | junon wrote:
               | If mullvad is RC Cola then I'll switch immediately. Love
               | that stuff.
        
               | jchw wrote:
               | True that. IIRC Mullvad was literally the world's largest
               | Wireguard deployment until Cloudflare did Warp. Just
               | because people haven't heard of it doesn't mean it's
               | small. They just don't advertise on shitty podcasts, so
               | it doesn't have the same brand recognition.
        
       | 55555 wrote:
       | VPN providers sell a highly commoditized product and so anything
       | they can do to get good publicity is worth it.
        
       | DarthNebo wrote:
       | Wonder whether the government of India makes any demarcation
       | between corporate VPN or personal VPNs? Or is it just consumer
       | VPN services that need to comply.
       | 
       | Everything from cloud vendors, ZScaler, Cisco AnyConnect are
       | technically offering access to private networks with a mix of
       | public internet &/or intranet
        
         | gbil wrote:
         | Usually such laws target consumer VPNs but I don't have more
         | insights on this specific case
        
           | tendstofortytwo wrote:
           | Here's the specific order: https://www.cert-
           | in.org.in/PDF/CERT-In_Directions_70B_28.04....
           | 
           | Bottom of page 3 says:
           | 
           | > Data Centres, Virtual Private Server (VPS) providers, Cloud
           | Service providers and Virtual Private Network Service (VPN
           | Service) providers, shall be required to register the
           | following accurate information which must be maintained by
           | them for a period of 5 years or longer duration as mandated
           | by the law after any cancellation or withdrawal of the
           | registration as the case may be:
           | 
           | > a. Validated names of subscribers/customers hiring the
           | services
           | 
           | > b. Period of hire including dates
           | 
           | > c. IPs allotted to / being used by the members
           | 
           | > d. Email address and IP address and time stamp used at the
           | time of registration / on-boarding
           | 
           | > e. Purpose for hiring services
           | 
           | > f. Validated address and contact numbers
           | 
           | > g. Ownership pattern of the subscribers / customers hiring
           | services
           | 
           | Seems to me like it would target all of them. But I just
           | searched for "VPN", didn't read the full document yet.
        
             | pmontra wrote:
             | What's an ownership pattern?
        
         | padheyam wrote:
         | After much hullabaloo from the industry, government has
         | clarified that this order does not apply to corporate VPNs.
        
           | randombits0 wrote:
           | And BAM! I'm a corporation! Hey Sai, wanna be in my
           | corporation?
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | I use a VPN service specifically to get around region locking.
       | ExpressVPN has been pretty good in this regard though lately
       | Netflix has stopped working.
       | 
       | When I'm in a hotel or otherwise need to use a local wifi I use
       | the VPN client to connect back to one of my own machines, not
       | that I care a lot if Kape can see my traffic.
        
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