[HN Gopher] California Right to Repair Bill Dies in Senate Commi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       California Right to Repair Bill Dies in Senate Committee
        
       Author : pabs3
       Score  : 378 points
       Date   : 2022-05-30 13:45 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (calpirg.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (calpirg.org)
        
       | tigen wrote:
       | This committee is the following seven people:
       | Senator Anthony J. Portantino (Chair)       Senator Patricia C.
       | Bates (Vice Chair)       Senator Steven Bradford       Senator
       | Brian W. Jones       Senator Sydney Kamlager       Senator John
       | Laird       Senator Bob Wieckowski
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | abledon wrote:
         | Throng of GPT-3 powered complaint emails coming in 3...2...1...
        
         | wyrm wrote:
         | _Thank_ you. Exactly the info I was looking for.
         | 
         | Now, where did you find it, so I can look there next time?
        
           | tigen wrote:
           | listed on https://sapro.senate.ca.gov
        
         | Drunk_Engineer wrote:
         | You would think if anyone understood the problem of eWaste it
         | would be Sen Laird. From his Bio:
         | 
         | "Laird served as a member of the State Integrated Waste
         | Management Board from 2008 to 2009 and taught state
         | environmental policy at University of California Santa Cruz."
        
       | mijoharas wrote:
       | As someone that doesn't have a strong understanding of american
       | politics, can I check my understanding?
       | 
       | This means that a majority of senators voted to oppose the bill,
       | (after it had been approved by the house). Is that correct?
       | 
       | Are there common websites where you can see exactly how
       | individual senators vote on specific issues? (in the UK we have
       | publicwhip.org.uk where you can search anything that you care
       | about and see if your mp voted in a way you agree with).
       | 
       | What method do americans tend to use to check that their
       | politicians are voting in their interest?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tylermac1 wrote:
         | > What method do americans tend to use to check that their
         | politicians are voting in their interest?
         | 
         | Sadly it's usually directly correlated with how much money you
         | give them.
        
         | Avshalom wrote:
         | Before a bill goes before the full Senate it gets
         | debated/edited in a relevant committee, if the committee votes
         | against the bill it never goes up for the full vote.
        
           | wiz21c wrote:
           | Does it mean that whoever selects (controls) the committee
           | pretty much selects the fate of the bill ?
        
             | glowingly wrote:
             | Not really. In CA, if h/a really wanted something, they
             | could gut and amend an existing bill that did make it out
             | of committee.
             | 
             | Or use the proposition system (public vote), but that
             | system is just as captured, IMO.
        
             | Avshalom wrote:
             | The committees are generally permanent, not instantiated
             | per bill, and the senators on the committee doesn't change
             | often (the majority party does get to have a majority
             | membership in all the committees) but yeah, committee
             | membership can be really powerful and gets used as a
             | reward/threat by party leadership.
        
           | donthellbanme wrote:
        
         | pvg wrote:
         | _This means that a majority of senators voted to oppose the
         | bill, (after it had been approved by the house). Is that
         | correct?_
         | 
         | No, the bill did not get to a vote by the full CA senate.
         | Senate committees deal with the bill before that and this one
         | did not get through that hurdle on the way to becoming law.
         | 
         | https://www.senate.ca.gov/committees
        
         | ianbutler wrote:
         | If they vote against your interests you don't vote for them
         | again and try to not get them re-elected. However, through
         | writing their own rules, heavy campaigning and the two party
         | system making a vote for your favorite team better than letting
         | the other guy get in this in effect no longer works on either
         | side. It requires a fairly unified effort to get someone out
         | but the majority of voting attention is squarely captured on
         | both sides leading to the same hackery voted in again and
         | again.
         | 
         | It's one of the many reasons why I don't see changes in the
         | American political system happening without real rebellion type
         | actions but the pain isn't felt enough yet to make thinking
         | like that completely palatable.
         | 
         | And not to mention the voting body of the united states is
         | completely polarized and divided.
        
           | busterarm wrote:
           | > It's one of the many reasons why I don't see changes in the
           | American political system happening without real rebellion
           | type actions but the pain isn't felt enough yet to make
           | thinking like that completely palatable.
           | 
           | Parties have changed in this country's history before without
           | rebellion.
           | 
           | It will happen again. I imagine soon (25 years or less),
           | even.
        
             | rob74 wrote:
             | IIRC the last time that happened was in the 1850s, when the
             | Whig party
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States))
             | lost its significance and was replaced by the Republican
             | party? That's more than 170 years ago, so I'm not holding
             | my breath waiting for it to happen again...
        
               | colinmhayes wrote:
               | The republican party just in the last 10 years changed
               | from Reaganism to populism. Even if the name is the same
               | their platform absolutely is not. When a party realizes
               | their platform is a loser it'll change its tune.
        
             | ianbutler wrote:
             | I think fundamental elements of the system are broken such
             | that we even landed on a two party system in the first
             | place and it's more of those types of changes I'd like to
             | see. In terms of ideology Parties change all the time. Look
             | at the transformation the GOP has had over the last 10
             | years even. That I'm not worried about, but issues like
             | term limits to prevent the effective gerontocracy we have,
             | ranked choice voting, stopping arbitrary district
             | restructuring, effective representation by population and
             | more are things that benefit both existing parties
             | regardless of their current ideology and so they don't
             | stand to change.
             | 
             | I also go back and forth on the electoral college in the
             | case of the president but I'm not quite at the point where
             | I want it to disappear without having an alternative.
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | > leading to the same hackery voted in again and again.
           | 
           | Or being replaced by an isomorphic sock puppet.
        
         | dvtrn wrote:
         | _Are there common websites where you can see exactly how
         | individual senators vote on specific issues?_
         | 
         | From the article, where it is linked "SB 983", clicking that,
         | and clicking the tab that says "Votes" will show who voted yay
         | and nay for this bill[1]. There are many sites, yes, but you
         | can also just get this directly from state legislatures.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xht...
        
         | MafellUser wrote:
         | house.gov and senate.gov both have public tallies on bills.
         | 
         | https://clerk.house.gov/Votes
         | https://www.senate.gov/legislative/votes_new.htm
        
           | colejohnson66 wrote:
           | Not for California bills
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | atty wrote:
         | The link is right in the article:
         | https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml...
         | 
         | It shows the history of the bill including votes. Each state
         | does this differently, as well as the federal government. As
         | for what happened to this bill, it never made it to a full
         | senate vote, it died in a sub-committee, essentially.
        
           | CodeWriter23 wrote:
           | Yes but the recent Senate Committee votes for this bill have
           | yet to be published on the site.
        
         | phrz wrote:
         | "Dying in committee" means that the bill did not go to the
         | entire California Senate for a vote, but that a majority of the
         | committee to which the bill was assigned were unable to support
         | the bill to move it onto the floor. It looks like the article
         | links to the site that tracks bill status, but it appears that
         | site does not record how a committee voted.
        
           | CodeWriter23 wrote:
           | It just hasn't been updated yet. You'll be able to see it
           | when the update happens, here https://leginfo.legislature.ca.
           | gov/faces/billVotesClient.xht...
           | 
           | The Rules Committees from both chambers have required Roll
           | Call votes, primarily so CADEM can punish its members who go
           | off message.
        
           | black_puppydog wrote:
           | > it appears that site does not record how a committee voted
           | 
           | Do you know if that information will be public record in any
           | way? If not, this seems like an awful lot of power in very
           | few, non-accountable hands...
        
             | jfengel wrote:
             | They're accountable in the sense that they're all up for
             | reelection. You can show up and demand an explanation of
             | the bill status and the role they played. If you don't like
             | it you can vote for someone else.
             | 
             | In practice I suspect very few people care all that much.
             | Some do, of course, but for most it won't be top of their
             | priority list.
             | 
             | This is the real challenge of democracy. We think of it in
             | terms of yeah no votes, but the real work is done by the
             | people choosing from millions of options to put the final
             | up-down choice in front of you. Nobody has yet found a good
             | way to do collaboration on that scale.
        
               | black_puppydog wrote:
               | > demand an explanation of the bill status and the role
               | they played
               | 
               | That's just what I meant. Can you know which senator
               | voted how _within_ that committee? Otherwise it 'd be
               | easy for them to say "well _I_ voted for it of course! "
        
               | jfengel wrote:
               | It likely didn't come to a vote. They were probably still
               | working on coming up with text to vote on.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | franczesko wrote:
       | What does it mean "it dies in Senate Committee"? What's the
       | process here?
       | 
       | Does lack of "right to repair" essentially block someone from
       | repairing his/her device or is it simply lack of legislation in
       | regard to this matter?
        
         | hoppyhoppy2 wrote:
         | It's referring to a bill (a proposed law) in California "which
         | would have significantly expanded Californians' access to the
         | parts, tools, and service information needed to fix consumer
         | electronics and appliances."
         | 
         | So California state law remains the same as it has been. No
         | changes (other than less hope for improvement via California
         | state law in the near future).
        
       | diebeforei485 wrote:
       | Collect signatures and put it on the ballot.
        
       | onphonenow wrote:
       | Massachusetts already did a limited form of right to repair.
       | 
       | I know at least Subaru and Kia now don't sell with certain
       | features in MA as a result.
        
       | 88j88 wrote:
       | So if I am reading this correctly, a majority of votes
       | (unanimous) were cast to pass the bill, but this was held in some
       | subcommittee instead of moving to senate floor? Who is this
       | subcommittee, and why do they have more power than the people,
       | plus the senators who voted unanimously?
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _why do they have more power than the people_
         | 
         | How did you conclude this?
        
       | knowmad wrote:
       | What is the easiest way to find out who voted against this bill
       | so I can put them in my "don't vote for these people" list?
        
         | goldstone43 wrote:
         | It's required by California state law to post all bills online
         | along with associated vote tallies in committee and floor
         | votes. The vote types are as follows:
         | 
         | - Ayes (in favor), - Noes (against), - and No Vote Recorded
         | (NVR; the equivalent of abstaining).
         | 
         | Looks like the [most recent committee vote referred in the
         | article for SB 8](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/bill
         | VotesClient.xht...) is not online but will likely be by mid
         | week.
        
         | hungrigekatze wrote:
         | I found this site which is for nation-wide tallies of how
         | (state) representatives voted:
         | https://openstates.org/about/subscriptions/
         | 
         | It's free to subscribe. But - IMO - it is likely that the
         | OpenStates.org site monetizes the subscriber data somehow.
         | 
         | As far as CA-specific 'follow what a piece of legislation is
         | doing' there's this site from the California state government:
         | https://www.assembly.ca.gov/informationtohelpyoufollowthepro...
        
       | squarefoot wrote:
       | What if FOSS an Open Hardware related pages would show links to
       | the pages of those opposing the law, whether politicians or
       | companies, along with "don't vote" or "don't buy" alerts?
       | Sometimes, just sometimes, they fear bad advertising.
        
       | gcoguiec wrote:
       | It's sad, but not only because it means people are forced to buy
       | new too often or because of the atrocious increasing e-waste
       | associated with it.
       | 
       | It's sad because folks will be less and less interested in fixing
       | their things or simply opening their devices to understand how
       | they work. It'll be general knowledge that it's "dangerous" to
       | attempt a repair, and they're impossible to fix anyway.
       | 
       | Attempting a repair is one of those sparks that nurture
       | curiosity. It's the same spark that ultimately gave us Apple and
       | many other great businesses. Why are we indirectly undermining
       | ingenuity and inventiveness? Is it a false perception? Or maybe
       | Hanlon's razor?
       | 
       | On the other side, China has relatively affordable access to
       | parts (low-level components included), schematics, extensive
       | tooling and a growing hacker/maker culture.
       | 
       | Sometimes, I feel we (occidentals) are going into reverse.
        
         | nonrandomstring wrote:
         | Don't worry. Defeated this time, but it will keep coming back
         | again, and again, and again until it's made law, no doubt about
         | it. We're in a different era now, and e-waste is very topical
         | [1]. A vote against "right to repair" is a clear vote against
         | ecological common sense. California is unfortunately in a
         | vulnerable position with respect to climate impact. Another
         | season of wildfires and droughts will help the naysayers see
         | some sense.
         | 
         | [1] Here's an interview I did recently:
         | 
         | https://www.thisishcd.com/episode/andy-farnell-perils-of-e-w...
        
           | twblalock wrote:
           | The average person has spent about zero seconds in their life
           | thinking about e-waste.
           | 
           | If you want to sell this bill, show voters how it will impact
           | their wallets.
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | > On the other side, China has relatively affordable access to
         | parts (low-level components included), schematics, extensive
         | tooling and a growing hacker/maker culture.
         | 
         | Having had repairs made in Beijing in hole in the wall E shops,
         | no thank you. You have to watch the repairs being done like a
         | hawk, or they will "fix" what wasn't broken with some flaky
         | parts they want to get rid of in addition to making your
         | repair. The Apple Store is much more reliable in comparison,
         | while being price competitive.
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | It's not the American Way (tm) to have congress force this. Let
         | The Markets Decide (c)
         | 
         | Yet, now, we have Farmework laptop and OEM parts for Apple
         | products. We're better in those ways, but worse in others, for
         | sure.
         | 
         | I only hope soon these concepts catch on. The image of small
         | car repair shops working on teslas both scares and inspires me.
         | Or the future of a handyman with a laptop to debug a washing
         | machine both infurates me and gives me hope.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | It's possible, however sad, that there are societal stages
         | where China is in a stage we saw in early Americana when
         | farmers were often the "techies" that kept engines and
         | equipment functioning. They had tools and learned from doing,
         | repairing, making.
         | 
         | But as we went from farm to factory and our wages got us a
         | higher standard of living, we preferred to buy new things
         | rather than keep old things working.
         | 
         | If China follows the path of the U.S., Japan, Korea, they too
         | will grow a middle class that no longer want to work for low
         | wages in factories and will look for cheaper labor elsewhere in
         | the world to meet the needs of their growing consumption.
         | 
         | Just my armchair observations.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | > Attempting a repair is one of those sparks that nurture
         | curiosity
         | 
         | I appreciate the sentiment, but repairing an iPhone only gives
         | you a very superficial understanding of how it works. It's
         | about as technical as setting up a computer with a discrete
         | monitor, webcam, UPS, case, speakers, etc.
        
           | actually_a_dog wrote:
           | Indeed, it requires more physical dexterity than technical
           | skill to repair an iPhone. The technical skill is really
           | limited to being able to follow instructions, and basic
           | things like ESD control.
        
           | FastMonkey wrote:
           | I don't think he's saying that the repair will teach you the
           | first principles of phone design. It's that by taking the
           | step of actually opening the device, you significantly lower
           | the hurdle to any next steps.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >It's sad because folks will be less and less interested in
         | fixing their things or simply opening their devices to
         | understand how they work
         | 
         | those days are long gone. you might be able to disassemble a
         | turntable to figure out how it works, but disassembling a phone
         | isn't going to tell you much when all the magic is in the
         | silicon. all you get from disassembling it is a circuit board
         | with random bumps.
        
           | okr wrote:
           | Hm, these markets in Shenzhen seem to offer different
           | stories. Youtube is full of those, you can replace/upgrade
           | displays, memory, storage of your phone or even assemble your
           | own.
           | 
           | And in my country you have these little shops as well, where
           | you pay a premium, but you dont have to buy a new phone.
           | 
           | So, unless you really want to fix something very integrated,
           | i am rather positive about the situation.
           | 
           | And from my own history, mainboard was never really a
           | problem, it was always something attached or plugged or
           | solded onto it.
        
         | otagekki wrote:
         | From what I can see, the right to repair suffers when "buying
         | brand new" becomes significantly less expensive than "buying
         | only the parts you need and spend some time fixing it". The
         | former is always cheaper in developed economies, and the latter
         | is often cheaper in third-world countries. Economic tradition
         | like planned obsolescence is the single biggest culprit
        
           | II2II wrote:
           | > The former is always cheaper in developed economies
           | 
           | Is it?
           | 
           | It seems cheaper in developed countries because the cost of
           | labour is high, the cost of goods is low, and serviceability
           | is rarely a consideration. Yet those factors have more to do
           | with this point in time than the distinction of being a
           | developed economy. If you went back in time 20 years: a cell
           | phone with a dead battery would be user serviceable,
           | regardless of that user's skill level; a computer with a dead
           | hard drive would be user serviceable, to anyone who could
           | handle a screwdriver. Fixing the socket on most devices would
           | require a learned skill, soldering, but would be accessible
           | to most people. The reason why I selected those examples is
           | because they are easily diagnosed by the end user and don't
           | require much technical sophistication to fix, so the cost of
           | labour is cut out.
           | 
           | These days, something as trivial as replacing a battery or
           | hard drive requires a great deal more skill. Heck, in many
           | cases it takes a great deal more skill to non-destructively
           | open the enclosure simply to peek inside. None of that has
           | anything to do with developed or developing economies. It has
           | to do with how products are designed.
           | 
           | (And if you were to go back yet another 20 years, the
           | contrast is even more stark.)
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | I completely agree with your point on skill level, and also
             | think parent's point is true at the same time.
             | 
             | We had a washing machine die on us after 5 yers. After
             | searching for repair manuals, we got the probable cause,
             | and the part number of the controller board to replace (or
             | test the chips and replace and resolder the parts that
             | died, which goes to your point on skills). Except the price
             | of the controller board was 90% of a new washing machine.
             | And we'd still be taking the risk to either botch the
             | repair, or have something else fail after we fix the
             | controller.
             | 
             | Same way, looking at the pixel 4a replacement screens, they
             | retail around 170$, shipment not included, and you can buy
             | a decent second hand pixel 4a at a bit less than 200$. The
             | price difference doesn't make it worth it to try to repair
             | the screen, except to spare reinstall time perhaps.
             | 
             | I expect most of our appliances to have that core part that
             | just costs almost as much as the whole device to repair,
             | though from a material mass/role perspective it doesn't
             | make any sense.
        
               | mjevans wrote:
               | If the software were supported closer to decades rather
               | than years, I suspect it'd be worthwhile to have a
               | refurbishment center that carefully scraps the major bits
               | apart, re-tests them, and re-assembles a working device
               | out of the non-failed parts. (Ideally with a fresh
               | battery and replaced storage chip.)
        
           | squarefoot wrote:
           | Your point is valid, however we shouldn't forget that right
           | to repair doesn't mean being forbidden from buying new
           | products. That is, people wanting to buy their new device
           | wouldn't see any difference, until the day they're forced to
           | buy a new product because either repairing it from only
           | authorized shops is too costly, or because there are no
           | documentation and spares available at all. A right to repair
           | law would be a win-win scenario for everyone, except greedy
           | beancounters of course.
        
           | jotm wrote:
           | That would be the case if for some reason, the third world
           | countries would be getting repairable stuff. But no, they get
           | the same shit that's popular in developed countries, even
           | worse - because the main reason for soldering and gluing
           | everything shut is cost reduction. And there are no parts.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | I just don't see "planned obsolescence" as a top-down
           | directive.
           | 
           | Has any engineer come forward to say management told them to
           | make specific changes to cause a thing to become obsolete in
           | some period of time? I am not aware of any.
           | 
           | Rather what looks like planned obsolescence can generally be
           | explained by other factors -- not the least of which might
           | just be the fickleness of consumers.
        
             | nonrandomstring wrote:
             | I think you're right. Planned obsolescence has perfectly
             | sensible bottom-up explanations that revolve around the
             | linear algebra and optimisation of MTBF in mixed source
             | components. Indeed, planned obsolescence is no problem
             | whatsoever if you have a "Right To Repair". Even better if
             | you _Design for Repair_
        
             | otagekki wrote:
             | Looks like a top-down directive to me. Just look at the
             | lightbulb cartel.
             | 
             | From an engineering perspective, some designs simply don't
             | make any sense if not for planned obsolescence: on a quite
             | famous printer brand, the printer stops working after X
             | pages printed [1]. You can fix that with soldering and chip
             | reprogramming, but it may or may not be trivial. In the
             | end, warranty is really short and is void the minute you
             | open the product to see its guts, so it's not exactly for
             | safety reasons.
             | 
             | Some people blame planned obsolescence on the consumer, but
             | in fact that's just blame shifting. The truth is rent-
             | seeking, at the expense of the environment.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.ft.com/content/4a965dc0-f27c-11db-a454-000
             | b5df10...
        
               | eurleif wrote:
               | >void the minute you open the product
               | 
               | That's not legal (in the US).
               | https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-
               | way/2018/04/11/601582169...
        
               | otagekki wrote:
               | Legality indeed varies, but even if it's illegal hardware
               | vendors easily away with it, and will still bill you the
               | repairs if they want to repair it at all.
        
             | convolvatron wrote:
             | as someone who repairs things for myself and others its
             | really hard to explain some of these failures as anything
             | other than planned obsolescence. board-mounted fuses.
             | sacrificial plastic gears in the drivetrain. chillers with
             | the filler tube folded over and brazed.
             | 
             | the most charitable explanation is cost reduction. but
             | $0.05 savings on a $500 retail item isn't helping anyone if
             | it means my mixer lasts 1 year instead of 20 like the ones
             | they used to make.
        
               | jotm wrote:
               | That explanation, as dumb as it seems, can be the actual
               | and only reason for many designs. Barely functional
               | heatsinks in laptops, using 0.1mm metal backsides in
               | keyboards instead of 0.25 or something (the fucking thing
               | _bends_ and keys stop working!), plastic clips instead of
               | screws, etc.
               | 
               | Yeah, we say "it's just $0.05, I'll gladly pay that for
               | higher quality!". But somewhere, a new CxO is saying "we
               | have saved $10,000,000 on production this year". And it's
               | a big number, indeed.
               | 
               | But what about the users? Well, fuck the users. They will
               | buy overpriced parts from the company or a new device
               | from the company or the few competitors who do the same
               | thing. They could be in cahoots, but it's more than
               | likely they all decided saving tens/hundreds of millions
               | a year is worth far more than a small number of
               | disappointed buyers.
        
         | lasc4r wrote:
         | I don't think it's a stretch to assume malice, billionaires are
         | running the show and they aren't nice people that want to build
         | a better world. If they want a population of poor, ignorant and
         | unengaged worker drones they're doing great though.
        
           | ospzfmbbzr wrote:
           | Its the trillionaires that are the problem -- why don't you
           | know their names? Because they don't want a better world for
           | you just for them and their 'better' world keeps their
           | insanely high living standard at the expense of us the little
           | people getting to exist at all. The only people that believe
           | the very rich want a better world are still watching
           | television.
        
           | boringg wrote:
        
           | mdavis6890 wrote:
           | If Billionaires are running the show, why to they have to
           | keep showing up to congressional subpoenas and kowtowing to
           | government bureaucrats of various types and stripes?
           | 
           | Power and money are frequent bedfellows, but power trumps
           | money every single time.
        
             | deltaonefour wrote:
             | It's more complex then them running the show. But for sure,
             | billionaires run more of the show then non-billionaires.
             | 
             | >Power and money are frequent bedfellows, but power trumps
             | money every single time.
             | 
             | Power and money are bedfellows? They are synonyms. Power
             | trumps money only because money was involved with the
             | power.
             | 
             | Are you a billionaire?
        
             | femiagbabiaka wrote:
             | Congressional subpoenas are pure kayfabe. To win their
             | districts, congress members need money. And the more of it
             | they get the happier they are. So money is power.
        
             | typon wrote:
             | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-
             | poli...
             | 
             | Conclusion:
             | 
             | "Despite the seemingly strong empirical support in previous
             | studies for theories of majoritarian democracy, our
             | analyses suggest that majorities of the American public
             | actually have little influence over the policies our
             | government adopts. Americans do enjoy many features central
             | to democratic governance, such as regular elections,
             | freedom of speech and association, and a widespread (if
             | still contested) franchise. But we believe that if
             | policymaking is dominated by powerful business
             | organizations and a small number of affluent Americans,
             | then America's claims to being a democratic society are
             | seriously threatened."
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | Is this just cherrypicking results?
               | 
               | > strong empirical support in previous studies for
               | theories of majoritarian democracy
               | 
               | What do those other studies say? Why not quote them?
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | Money _is_ power.
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | It is a stretch to assume it. Billionaires generally do well
           | in countries of hard-working, educated people. And they
           | aren't running the show, although they might run a little bit
           | of it.
        
             | scottLobster wrote:
             | Benign malice is still malice. Billionaires do well in
             | countries of hard-working, educated people the same way
             | parasites do well in a healthier host. They often aren't
             | contributing to said health, merely profiting from it by
             | chance.
             | 
             | Don't get me wrong some Billionaires are legitimately
             | moving the ball forward, or at least trying to, but for
             | every Elon Musk (despite the man's many flaws he's at least
             | snapped the space launch and EV markets out of decades of
             | stagnation) there's a few Sacklers who seemingly exist
             | solely to abuse the populace for their own benefit, and are
             | only shaped by how much effective resistance they are met
             | with, resistance they will obsessively attempt to
             | overcome/circumvent until they die.
             | 
             | People at that level tend to care about themselves and only
             | about themselves, or at least that's what many of their
             | actions would suggest. They're predators, and even if the
             | wolf can't control what it is you generally want to keep it
             | away from the flock.
             | 
             | That said I have nothing actionable to offer. Short of mass
             | collective action it's hard to see how we deal with them,
             | and mass collective action requires lots of mass collective
             | pain for enough people to be motivated in a single
             | direction. I'd imagine most of the billionaires are well
             | aware of this and are betting that the breaking point will
             | occur after their death, or they arrogantly think that they
             | can be insulated from it somehow. Seems they get away with
             | blatant malfeasance time and again.
             | 
             | Frankly I'm surprised the Sacklers haven't been shot at
             | yet. If I was a broke West Virginian who's family had been
             | torn apart by opioids and I had nothing to lose, I'd be
             | saving my pennies for a bus ticket and take my hunting
             | rifle to their next public appearance.
        
             | lasc4r wrote:
             | Betsy Devos isn't interested in quality public schools, she
             | wants to privatize schools and degrade public education.
             | Who knows what a radical Supreme Court will do next?
             | Republicans have had public education in their crosshairs
             | for decades.
             | 
             | Elon Musk wants worker drones that come from the remnants
             | of a functional public education system.
             | 
             | There will always be enough highly educated workers and if
             | they can't get them in the US they'll get them from
             | somewhere else.
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | Believing that these agendas exist simply because they
               | are evil people is reductionist. For example, my parents
               | wholly support private schools because they believe that
               | public education will strip students of their cultural
               | identity and religious beliefs. They aren't evil. Devos
               | and R's respond to those fears to get elected.
               | 
               | The belief itself is probably based on the fact that
               | college grads are extremely likely to have the "other
               | party's" politics. And, that is true because (partly) the
               | higher education system has become quite uniform and
               | (apparently) seeks to squash dissenting opinions among
               | the teaching ranks. How many professors are conservative
               | or openly religious? I suspect those positions are viewed
               | as defacto disqualifications by most on the left.
               | 
               | I recommend everyone read Righteous Mind by Jonathan
               | Haidt. He discusses with nuance and much persuasiveness
               | the importance of returning political representation to
               | higher education. I see it all very differently now.
        
               | idontpost wrote:
        
               | cywick wrote:
               | > How many professors are conservative or openly
               | religious?
               | 
               | At German universities the answer is actually "quite a
               | number of professors", and being conservative or
               | religious is just as normal and accepted as being on the
               | progressive side.
               | 
               | The major difference, however, is that Conservatism there
               | (fortunately) is still very pro-science and you won't
               | find many climate change deniers, creationists, anti-
               | vaxxers, etc. among conservatives, especially not among
               | educated conservatives. Overall, society is also much
               | less scarred by years and years of relentless culture
               | wars, and the majority of the population clusters in the
               | middle of the political spectrum (i.e., in the range
               | "moderate conservative" to "moderate progressive").
               | 
               | In the US, there seems to have been a vicious circle
               | going on for a long time now with conservatives becoming
               | more and more anti-science, because they perceive
               | universities and most scientists as leftists; and
               | scientists becoming more and more hostile to
               | conservatives, because they perceive them to be waging a
               | war on science. I don't know what started this arms race
               | (i.e., whether universities in the US first became
               | hostile to conservatives, or whether conservatives first
               | turned anti-science), but I find this development
               | incredibly depressing and heartbreaking.
        
               | lasc4r wrote:
               | They aren't doing it because they are evil - that's
               | totally silly. They're doing it because they hold what I
               | consider to be bad ideas around supporting the public
               | good and it's simply in their best interest to pay less
               | taxes and have a less educated and more compliant
               | workforce in the process.
               | 
               | Betsy Devos is a billionaire private school activist that
               | Trump appointed. The less they need to worry about public
               | opinion the better, it's the same reason they've
               | succeeded so wildly in controlling the Supreme Court.
               | Their strategy with the Federalist Society has been to
               | work around what is popular, no majority would vote to
               | overturn Roe. Public education is definitely on their
               | minds now.
        
               | cassepipe wrote:
               | Here is an argument about why academia is relatively more
               | left leaning. Would love to hear rebuttals but that's how
               | I think about it for now. https://youtu.be/LwI25UhTtGo
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > Betsy Devos isn't interested in quality public schools,
               | she wants to privatize schools and degrade public
               | education. Who knows what a radical Supreme Court will do
               | next? Republicans have had public education in their
               | crosshairs for decades.
               | 
               | Amway Princess gets a lot of flack for pushing all of the
               | same policies that Arne Duncan and his boss pushed before
               | her. Democratic politicians have been positively
               | energetic in undermining and privatizing public
               | education.
        
       | spicyusername wrote:
       | > The policy had broad, bipartisan support, with 75% of
       | Californians and majorities of both parties supporting Right to
       | Repair.
       | 
       | > "Sadly, the powerful tech manufacturers won out over the
       | everyday Californians and small businesses that would benefit
       | from Right to Repair..."
       | 
       | Can someone elaborate specifically on how something like this
       | failed with, apparently, so much support?
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | The lobbies only have to focus on swaying the committee members
         | because all bills have to make it through the relevant
         | committees before being voted on widely. There are ways for
         | bills in some legislatures to skip the committee process but
         | usually by unanimous votes or large percentages.
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | Oops, I meant to answer you but someone asked the same question
         | [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31559612
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | nness wrote:
         | I don't know how relevant this point is specifically for this
         | bill -- but I've always wondered if politicans simply
         | "supported" a bill or otherwise did not speak out in
         | favour/against because they know it'll be a quiter death if
         | they say one thing/vote another. Rather then begin a drawn-out
         | and public campaign in support/against.
         | 
         | Easier to be disingenious than "make it my issue."
        
         | sjburt wrote:
        
           | pm90 wrote:
           | I would like to see them actually follow through on this
           | absurd threat.
        
             | black_puppydog wrote:
             | Lol yes, after years of actual water shortage and housing
             | shortage being "not great, but you know, we manage" this
             | would certainly push the state over the edge into full-on
             | Mad Max thunderdome mood. :D
        
               | lokar wrote:
               | There is only a water shortage if you insist on
               | irrigation by flooding fields in vast inland desert
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | busterarm wrote:
               | Then you're trading a water shortage for a food shortage.
               | 
               | Rock. Hard place.
               | 
               | There's a long list of fruits and vegetables where
               | California growing is the source of nearly 100% of the
               | nation's consumption.
               | 
               | Celery, Garlic, Walnuts...Spinach is up near 80%...Lemons
               | 50%.
        
               | lokar wrote:
               | And yet they use vast amount water to grow nut trees in a
               | desert, rice as well as alfalfa for export to feed dairy
               | herds in China.
               | 
               | There is plenty of water to grow all of the veggies
               | needed, if it was done responsibly
        
               | rcpt wrote:
               | Beef and dairy use more water than nuts.
               | 
               | We only deflect attention to almonds because the meat
               | industry is excellent at influencing public opinion
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | That's a lazy response. Just charge for water, the cost
               | will be reflected accurately in the food, and people will
               | move to cheaper alternatives. We're nowhere near a food
               | shortage, that's propaganda from California farmers that
               | don't even want you to consider the possibility of
               | touching their draconian water rights.
        
               | lokar wrote:
               | And they don't really grow garlic in Gilroy anymore, it's
               | mostly imported from China for processing
        
           | idontwantthis wrote:
           | There's no way they made that threat. California is the 5th
           | largest economy in the world.
        
             | ksec wrote:
             | I dont know if they made that threat to California,
             | probably not for Apple, since they could get what they want
             | without doing so. But they did made similar threat to the
             | UK and EU. Possibly hinted in AUS.
             | 
             | So it is not the first time Apple did this.
        
           | TrackerFF wrote:
           | With almost 90% of the population in California being over
           | age 10, that would be quite that market to ignore. It's more
           | people than almost all of Scandinavia combined.
        
         | KerrAvon wrote:
         | You know, sometimes bills intended to do something good are
         | actually really bad. I don't know if that's the case here, but
         | two things strike me as red flags on a quick read:
         | 
         | - There are references to specific dollar amounts in the bill
         | with no provision for automatic adjustment due to inflation.
         | 
         | - There is the following passage.
         | 
         | "(2) For products with a wholesale price to the retailer of not
         | less than fifty dollars ($50) and not more than ninety-nine
         | dollars and ninety-nine cents ($99.99), that contains an
         | electronic security lock or other security-related function,
         | the manufacturer shall also make available to owners of the
         | product, service and repair facilities, and service dealers, on
         | fair and reasonable terms, any documentation, tools, software
         | and parts needed to disable the lock or function, and to reset
         | the lock or function when disabled, during the course of the
         | inspection, diagnosis, maintenance, or repair of a product for
         | at least three years after the date a product model or type was
         | manufactured, regardless of whether the three-year period
         | exceeds the warranty period for the product."
         | 
         | That sure seems like a requirement for a secure enclave
         | backdoor.
        
           | Zhenya wrote:
           | So they will sell the dumb lock for $75 and the security
           | insert for $25.
           | 
           | See ya later, legislator!!
        
           | bcrosby95 wrote:
           | > That sure seems like a requirement for a secure enclave
           | backdoor.
           | 
           | Apple uses hardware pairing. Without such a tool you couldn't
           | even swap two genuine parts with eachother.
        
         | bluescrn wrote:
        
           | throwingrocks wrote:
           | > Can someone elaborate specifically on how
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
        
           | spicyusername wrote:
           | I'm trying to understand the specifics of what happened in
           | this particular case. Was it corporate influence? Was it bad
           | policy design? Was it a failure of process? None of the
           | above? All of the above? Something else?
           | 
           | It's all too easy to cynically handwave and parrot platitudes
           | like "politicians are corrupt", "capitalism is bad", etc.
           | Reality is far more complicated than those overly simplistic
           | platitudes let-on and parroting them doesn't meaningfully
           | contribute to the discussion of what to do better next time.
           | 
           | If we want to understand how to implement lasting change
           | through government policy, the context and details matter
           | when seemingly good policies fail.
        
       | baskethead wrote:
       | Anytime anyone says that Democrats are on the right side of
       | morality, please point to things like this. California has been
       | strongly Democrat for decades and this is how things are. They
       | are "progressive" on hot button issues like abortion and gun
       | laws, but for the most part, they don't give a shit about regular
       | people just like Republicans.
       | 
       | We need a third party to disrupt the two party oligopoly that has
       | tricked most Americans into thinking we have a choice. We
       | currently have no choice because both parties don't give a shit
       | about citizens, just how can they perpetuate the ruling class to
       | continue to feed off us.
        
       | kepler1 wrote:
       | Sometimes legislation being worked out dies because the details
       | really can't be squared with reality or practicality.
       | 
       | I have not seen an example proposal of language for such a bill
       | that didn't invite many, many questions about how it would apply
       | to certain manufacturers or products, and raise all sorts of
       | issues about how it would be implemented, both now and in the
       | future.
       | 
       | Remember that legislation, if it is to be sensible, is
       | necessarily a snapshot in time of some set of principles to
       | govern the future. If those principles are sound, they can be
       | stated in some finite and non-specialist text that an agency can
       | go implement (which is their role to do the technical
       | implementation of).
       | 
       | If the legislation is 1000+ pages, something is being legislated
       | at the wrong level, and something has been designed with too many
       | exceptions, special cases, and opportunities for something to
       | slip through a loophole. Or if it's just one page, how will
       | someone figure out from that ambiguity whether something applies
       | to their product?
       | 
       | Some noteworthy fraction of people are in support (although... a
       | certain minority if asked say they are in support of it, while
       | many others have no idea what the issue is), but when it comes to
       | their purchasing behavior it doesn't seem so.
       | 
       | If you were to state the principles by which such legislation
       | should be designed, what would they be? And if you then look at
       | that language objectively, how many times would you have to ask
       | "but what about...<xyz> issue/consideration"? If you, or the
       | industry, have to ask that enough of a proposed bill, it will not
       | work. You can say, well we'll have an agency responsible for
       | working out these details. Ok, well that's how California has
       | 200+ agencies, all paid government employees.
       | 
       | Not everything is corruption and "influence of big money".
       | Sometimes it is, yes. But sometimes it's that it can't be made a
       | sensible law (for the moment).
       | 
       | ---------
       | 
       | I quote some notable passages from the bill that are examples of
       | the above (https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClien
       | t.xhtm...):
       | 
       |  _Every manufacturer of an electronic or appliance product with a
       | wholesale price to the retailer of not less than fifty dollars
       | ($50) and not more than ninety-nine dollars and ninety-nine cents
       | ($99.99), shall make available to owners of the product, service
       | and repair facilities, and service dealers, sufficient service
       | literature, at no charge, and functional parts and tools,
       | inclusive of any updates, on fair and reasonable terms, to effect
       | the diagnosis, maintenance, or repair of a product for at least
       | three years after the date a product model or type was
       | manufactured, regardless of whether the three-year period exceeds
       | the warranty period for the product_.
       | 
       | To be made available at no $ charge? Why? What other publication
       | or service do we mandate people do for no compensation?
       | 
       |  _This section does not require a manufacturer to divulge a trade
       | secret, except as may be necessary to provide service literature,
       | documentation, tools, software, and parts on fair and reasonable
       | terms_.
       | 
       | What constitutes a trade secret? Is it simply up to the
       | manufacturer to declare that something is a trade secret and thus
       | cannot be revealed?
       | 
       |  _This section shall not be construed to require the distribution
       | of a product's source code_.
       | 
       | What is that defined as? What if the ability to repair is tied
       | very closely to something about the source code which should not
       | be revealed for security considerations?
       | 
       | How about if the parts cost such a price as to make repair
       | uneconomical? How about if the repair requires specialized
       | equipment and training that the general public cannot receive
       | feasibly?
       | 
       | The list of questions goes on and on.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | California Civil Code SS 3426.1 defines "trade secret" thus
         | way:
         | 
         | > "Trade secret" means information, including a formula,
         | pattern, compilation, program, device, method, technique, or
         | process, that:
         | 
         | > (1) Derives independent economic value, actual or potential,
         | from not being generally known to the public or to other
         | persons who can obtain economic value from its disclosure or
         | use; and
         | 
         | > (2) Is the subject of efforts that are reasonable under the
         | circumstances to maintain its secrecy
         | 
         | Unless this bill contains its own definition, "trade secret" in
         | this bill will be the same as that.
        
           | kepler1 wrote:
           | So manufacturers are free to declare that the method of
           | putting in some part is a technique covered by trade secrets?
           | How will the bill deal with that, when manufacturers declare
           | that most of the things you want to repair are their
           | proprietary process?
        
       | cosmiccatnap wrote:
       | There are a lot of non Americans asking how a bill that was
       | universally condoned was killed and the answer is sad but not
       | particularly complicated.
       | 
       | American politics primarily works based off of what people see on
       | TV or read in the news and what a politician says and what they
       | do are entirely disconnected. So these politicians publically say
       | whatever is the popular openion which in this case is that right
       | to repair is good but then they placate to companies who don't
       | want right to repair to succeed.
       | 
       | This allows them to have their cake and eat it too. They get to
       | say they tried to push for it but there wasn't support even when
       | you can search and find that they in fact voted against it and
       | are even often on the payroll of many of these companies in a
       | round about way.
       | 
       | How is this possible? Well you don't have too fool every American
       | just most Americans and the overwhelming majority of Americans
       | don't care about any issues that do not effect abortion, gun
       | control, taxation, or jobs. This doesn't directly effect those
       | things in a significant for Californians so it becomes quick
       | forgotten in a month when some other hot topic becomes the news
       | of the week.
       | 
       | If a conservative politician is pro abortion and pro gun control
       | they can do anything else they want legislatively and get the
       | votes they need for reelection so they pass laws on the side in
       | which they are sure to get financial kick backs for. It's
       | basically a mr.smith goes to Washington but nobody ever has to
       | deal with the consequences of corruption they just get upset when
       | they are caught.
       | 
       | Rinse and repeat.
        
       | TrackerFF wrote:
       | Can anyone familiar with the process, explain exactly how these
       | industry lobbyists win these cases? With a 75% of Californians
       | being pro-right to repair, and with bipartisan support - you'd
       | think this would be an easy case to argue.
       | 
       | Do the lobbyists have some incredibly legitimate insider
       | information they share with the senators? Do they just throw
       | cash/donations at them?
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > With a 75% of Californians being pro-right to repair, and
         | with bipartisan support - you'd think this would be an easy
         | case to argue
         | 
         | "Bipartisan support" is, since we are well out of the pre-1990s
         | realignment period, mostly a sign of low political salience, an
         | issue that doesn't have much relevance to voting behavior to
         | most of the public. Breadth (%) of support or opposition is far
         | less important than depth (impact on voting, volunteering, and
         | donating behavior), and this is an issue where the depth of
         | support in the general public is near 0, where the depth of
         | opposition from entrenched industry interests is high.
        
           | TulliusCicero wrote:
           | This is a good point for other issues as well. Support for
           | legal recreational marijuana nationally has been at a
           | decently strong majority level for a while now, but that
           | hasn't resulted in any action at the federal level. It hasn't
           | even been rescheduled when Democrats hold the presidency, and
           | support within the Democratic party in particular is
           | extremely high. That, too, is an issue of depth. Yeah, most
           | Democrats and even Americans support it at this point, but
           | for most it's not a major issue.
           | 
           | That's part of why it's been so common to pass as a state-
           | level initiative. If you actually get it to a popular vote,
           | it'll pass because people are at least lightly in favor, but
           | legislatures are slow to pass it themselves because it has
           | little impact on their re-election chances.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > Support for legal recreational marijuana nationally has
             | been at a decently strong majority level for a while now,
             | but that hasn't resulted in any action at the federal
             | level.
             | 
             | While it is technically still federally prohibited, and
             | there is some danger of reach-back prosecutions if policy
             | changes, since 2014 state law has effectively controlled
             | because of the enforcement restrictions in the Rohrbacher-
             | Farr Amendment, which has been continuously renewed as part
             | of funding bills, and is a substantive federal action.
        
           | pj_mukh wrote:
           | This. I wish more polls had an importance/salience correction
           | factor applied. It would _significantly_ tilt most polls.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | Salience is pretty hard to measure by means _other than_
             | substantive political behavior.
        
             | function_seven wrote:
             | What would be the best way to gauge that?
             | 
             | My naive take on this would be to have poll questions like:
             | 
             | > _Are you in favor of consumers ' right to repair?_ ...
             | _How strong is your position? (1-5)_
             | 
             | Of course this is vulnerable to strategic answering, where
             | people just slam on '5' for each question. Like how star
             | ratings are inflated on Amazon.
             | 
             | My next strategy would be pairwise contests. So:
             | 
             | > _Alice supports right-to-repair (RTR) and raising
             | property taxes. Bob is opposed to RTR and wants to lower
             | property taxes. Who would you vote for?_
             | 
             | > _Carol supports RTR and applying the death penalty to a
             | wider range of felonies. David opposes RTR and wants to
             | eliminate capital punishment altogether. Who would you vote
             | for?_
             | 
             | But too much of that and you'd start to lose people. How
             | many questions can you pose before you're only getting
             | answers from serial poll-takers?
        
           | Aunche wrote:
           | Part of the problem is that all of our depth in political
           | support gets black-holed into advertising for simple
           | polarizing issues like abortion, guns, and high vs. low
           | taxes. This gets largely negated by the other side
           | advertising for the opposite position, so in the end very
           | little gets done.
        
             | google234123 wrote:
             | The real issue is actually partisan primaries that push
             | both sides further to the edge.
             | 
             | See what Alaska did recently for an example of how to fix
             | this
        
               | freedomben wrote:
               | I agree with you that it is a problem, but I don't think
               | it's the primaries as much as it is the two-party system.
               | If we are going to have political parties, then they
               | should be allowed some semblance of self-governance.
               | Otherwise, what's the point? There could just be one
               | state controlled party that does everything. The more we
               | control individual parties, the more pointless it is to
               | even have different parties.
               | 
               | Personally, I see political parties as potentially
               | important to a well-functioning democracy. The main
               | problem I think is lack of competition. I would love to
               | see at least a third party, maybe half a dozen or more,
               | emerge in the United States. Obviously people have been
               | trying to make that happen for decades, without success.
               | I wonder what type of solutions there are to increase the
               | number of viable parties? The one that seems most
               | plausible to me is ranked choice voting, for one of the
               | many minor variations of the idea. Are there other
               | things?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > The real issue is actually partisan primaries that push
               | both sides further to the edge.
               | 
               | No, it's not. California has eliminated primaries in the
               | usual sense (what is called a "primary", outside of
               | Presidential nominations, in California is the first
               | round of a two-round majority-runoff general election
               | where you aren't allowed to win outright on the first
               | ballot even with a clear majority), and yet here we are
               | talking about the effect _in California_ , so partisan
               | primaries _can not be the issue_. We've ruled that out by
               | not having them.
               | 
               | The issue is FPTP single-member district legislative
               | elections, which supports partisan duopoly and narrows
               | the meaningful space of political debate toward a single
               | high-salience axis and issues where splits align well
               | with that axis, marginalizing all other issues. This has
               | been somewhat extensively studied in comparative study of
               | modern representative democratic systems, see, e.g.,
               | Lijphart's _Patterns of Democracy_.
        
             | nsv wrote:
             | Yes, and this is by design. Divide and conquer.
        
           | drc500free wrote:
           | You explained very well something that I have struggled to
           | put into words about all these tech bills. Thank you.
        
         | pmoriarty wrote:
         | It's an open secret in politics that government jobs are a
         | revolving door to/from industry.
         | 
         | Corporate executives frequently go in to politics, and when
         | politicians retire they often get cushy, high paying jobs at
         | the very corporations they benefited while in office.
         | 
         | They don't have to be outright bribed while in office (though
         | it's not unknown for that to happen), but they know they'll be
         | handsomely rewarded once they leave.
         | 
         | That's not to mention them or their family members investing in
         | companies they know will benefit from their actions while in
         | office.
        
           | strider12 wrote:
        
             | bentlegen wrote:
             | Did Obama (and/or the government at the time) advance any
             | material pro-Netflix legislation?
        
               | WillPostForFood wrote:
               | Obama enacted net neutrality by fiat, which Netflix
               | lobbied for, and benefited Netflix.
        
           | shawnz wrote:
           | This is a tired argument. Of course people who have industry
           | experience will continue to work in that industry. And if the
           | chance of being rewarded with a "cushy" job after leaving
           | office is so compelling then why are so few people interested
           | in becoming politicians?
        
             | antris wrote:
             | _> why are so few people interested in becoming
             | politicians?_
             | 
             | Uh... what? There's a shortage of politicians nowhere, lol.
        
               | jwagenet wrote:
               | There might technically be enough politicians to fill all
               | available positions, but there clearly aren't enough for
               | a competitive and diverse ideological landscape.
        
               | antris wrote:
               | When it comes to US, adding more candidates doesn't
               | change the politics. Genuine grassroots campaigns have an
               | almost impossible climb against establishment endorsed
               | candidates in both major parties, and creating your own
               | party does nothing either. Without a large battle chest,
               | you ain't gonna win against a candidate with a huge
               | corporate campaign budget. If anything, adding more
               | candidates creates a "spoiler" effect, where the
               | establishment candidate doesn't need as many votes,
               | because the opposition vote is split due to two or more
               | opposition candidates. And even if you manage somehow to
               | get elected, you'll have a hard time getting anything
               | done if you don't tow the party line.
               | 
               | The US system steers naturally towards two parties that
               | both advance corporate interests, and that's what's
               | happening now.
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | Don't need to be a politician. You can be a lobbyist,
             | staffer....
        
             | guerrilla wrote:
             | It's less of an argument and more a list of facts, isn't
             | it?
             | 
             | > then why are so few people interested in becoming
             | politicians?
             | 
             | Obviously because they can't afford to because they
             | actually have to _work_.
        
               | shawnz wrote:
               | It's not clear to me that the overlap between corporate
               | and political career paths really has any meaningful
               | impact on the way politicians vote on individual bills,
               | so I wouldn't call that a fact
        
             | jotm wrote:
             | I just remembered a guy who became a mayor and then started
             | his own party with some decent, western inspired ideas in
             | my country. Things which are sane in the UK, Ireland,
             | France, Germany, you know, countries which we consider
             | developed.
             | 
             | I really should've saved that story because I can't find it
             | anywhere now.
             | 
             | Basically, on the streets, most people supported him. In
             | reality, people weren't enough. If they even mattered.
             | Turned out you had to align yourself with one of the four
             | major parties or you had zero chance at gaining traction in
             | any county that mattered. Funnily enough, the "easy"
             | counties would be even harder - low population, low income,
             | lack of education, low voter turnout, always voting for
             | populists/authoritarians.
             | 
             | The major parties have the power and the money and there
             | was no way they'd ever let a newcomer just barge in without
             | being vetted first. The majority of new parties were
             | absorbed into the big ones.
             | 
             | This is a joke, I don't know what's to be done about it and
             | I'm sure that's the case in other countries, too. Only good
             | thing is politicians stay out of private business as
             | they're starting to realize the richer the private
             | population becomes, the richer they will be.
             | 
             | And even then, they fail at making a better environment for
             | small businesses, instead choosing to focus on big
             | companies, especially foreign ones. Let them come, buy up
             | everything for cheap and use the population as cheap labor
             | forever. Why would the government care?
        
             | michaelt wrote:
             | _> if the chance of being rewarded with a  "cushy" job
             | after leaving office is so compelling then why are so few
             | people interested in becoming politicians?_
             | 
             | Becoming a politician is a bit like becoming a musician:
             | Spend the best years of your life 'putting your time in'
             | with a 98% chance you'll never make it big. Only the 2%
             | that made it big get offered those $500k/year sinecures.
             | 
             | If you're already in the powerful 2% you've probably
             | already compromised on your principles many times to get
             | there, so the $500k/year for compromising them a little
             | more is practically free money.
             | 
             | If you're entering politics, though? As you've only got a
             | 2% chance of making the $500k, the expected value is only
             | $10k. Not much of a motivation.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Let's don't be too credulous about the polling performed by the
         | bill's supporters. What would be the "pro right to repair"
         | fraction if it were posed as a tradeoff between repairability
         | and a slightly higher retail price?
         | 
         | In my personal opinion the "security lock" language of this
         | bill is dangerously vague, and the benefits it offers in terms
         | of third-party repair are worth almost nothing to me, so I
         | opposed the bill.
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | 75% of Californians are pro-right to repair when asked, but
         | that doesn't mean that 75% really know what it means much less
         | _care_ about it. The legislature is probably assuming that the
         | campaign money from the lobbyists will more than make up for
         | the lost votes from the tiny minority that truly cares.
        
           | whoopdedo wrote:
           | It also depends on who is asking the question. A right-to-
           | repair advocate would ask "Do you support this law that will
           | lower the cost of repairing old phones?" and most people will
           | agree. Then an industry group asks the same people "Do you
           | support this law that will raise the cost of making new
           | phones?" and get a different answer.
        
             | Wowfunhappy wrote:
             | I realize you're making a hypothetical point about the
             | importance of question phrasing, but I really don't see how
             | this law would raise the cost of making new phones.
        
               | colinmhayes wrote:
               | When you can't repair your device you buy more. More
               | phones sold = more amortization over fixed costs, so the
               | device gets cheaper.
        
               | 41b696ef1113 wrote:
               | I think it is reasonable to imagine some manufacturing
               | processes that are single shot construction. Gluing
               | pieces together rather than screws/fasteners comes to
               | mind.
        
               | Wowfunhappy wrote:
               | Yes, but this bill wouldn't have affected any of that.
               | Manufacturers could have continued making their devices
               | difficult or even impossible to repair, they just would
               | have had to make their own parts and repair manuals
               | available to third parties.
        
               | hurflmurfl wrote:
               | Doesn't making "repairable" things imply having to add
               | design constraints, which would translate to increased
               | costs of research/development/production?
        
               | indymike wrote:
               | No, it just means making it possible to buy parts, repair
               | manuals/schematics for products and preventing
               | manufacturers for refusing warranty coverage when a
               | repair is done correctly by a third party or product
               | owner. We have right to repair for cars, and have since
               | the 1970s, and without it... the car economy would be
               | more frightening than it already is.
        
               | ziml77 wrote:
               | Anyone who thinks that's what this is about has not been
               | following Right to Repair. While it would be great if
               | things were designed with repairability in mind, the ask
               | from Right to Repair is that no one be impeded from
               | accessing manuals, components, and software needed for
               | repair.
        
               | JoshTriplett wrote:
               | This specific bill was just about access to repair
               | information and the ability to use third-party repair
               | facilities. However, the Right to Repair organization
               | specifically lists on their policy goals
               | (https://www.repair.org/policy):
               | 
               | > Products should be designed to have their lifespan
               | extended by regular maintenance and repair.
               | 
               | > Design: Integrate Design for Repair principles into
               | eco-design product design practices.
               | 
               | And I have seen Right to Repair efforts that demanded
               | repairable devices, even if that meant more bulk or more
               | cost, or other tradeoffs.
               | 
               | Framework and similar efforts have demonstrated that it's
               | possible to build a repairable device that people
               | actually like, without compromising too much on other
               | factors. But until those substantial engineering efforts
               | had been put in, this seemed like a fundamental tradeoff
               | between two sets of somewhat-incompatible properties
               | consumers may want, and should be able to choose between.
               | (It's still a tradeoff insofar as devices providing
               | repairability don't provide all the features available
               | from other devices.)
        
               | ziml77 wrote:
               | What I've heard from the many people who talk about right
               | to repair on YouTube (channels like LTT, EEVBlog, and of
               | course Louis Rossmann), is that they aren't asking for
               | laws to restrict how products can be designed. A law like
               | that is highly unlikely to pass and would seriously anger
               | a lot of people if it did.
               | 
               | It looks like the reason for this mismatch in opinions is
               | because repair.org is not associated with Rossmann. To
               | me, their existence is going to hurt the chances of right
               | to repair, because people will point to their goals as a
               | reason to not consider the part/version of right to
               | repair that should be much less controversial (in a
               | relative sense. any regulations are controversial just
               | due to being regulations)
        
               | jules wrote:
               | Right to repair means that if the company A making the
               | product buys a component from another company B, then A
               | cannot forbid B from selling the same component to a
               | repair shop. It does _not_ mean that Apple is no longer
               | allowed to glue their battery into the iPad.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | So that means if Apple buys their chips from TSMC, then
               | TSMC can now sell Apples chips directly to whoever wants
               | them?
               | 
               | It's not surprising it's a dead bill. That leaves a nice
               | opportunity for TSMC to capture a bunch of Apple's margin
               | without having had to do any of the chip R&D.
        
               | jules wrote:
               | No. TSMC does own that IP. This is about instances where
               | the IP is owned by company B. I don't know how the
               | legislation would work in a case like that. Most likely
               | Apple would be required to sell replacement parts to
               | everyone, rather than only to its licensed repair shops.
               | 
               | In any case this is a theoretical point, it's usually
               | some stupid little chip on the motherboard that got wet
               | and rusty, not the CPU. Or the screen broke. Or the
               | battery is too old.
        
             | avgcorrection wrote:
             | Anti-right-to-repair lobby out in full force to stop it--
             | and they're winning. And yet you're still blaming the
             | average Joe based on hypothetical questionairre framing.
        
         | draw_down wrote:
         | Here's a thread about the pitfalls of issue polling.
         | https://mobile.twitter.com/davidshor/status/1355186871354200...
        
         | dahdum wrote:
         | 75% of people like the idea of "right to repair" but that
         | doesn't mean they would support this particular implementation
         | if they knew the details and side effects. Committees in the
         | ideal allow a more nuanced examination and development of law.
         | 
         | Sponsors have lobbyist support and the bills themselves may be
         | written by them, for them, with any public benefit a side
         | effect. As long as it "sounds good" other lawmakers feel forced
         | to go along with.
        
         | cjsplat wrote:
         | It was killed in the Appropriations committee on a 7-0 vote,
         | after passing in the Judiciary committee on a 8-1 vote.
         | 
         | The Appropriations committee (AKA Ways and Means in the US
         | House) is where lobbyists spend their money. Anything that
         | costs money has to go through this, and everything costs money.
         | 
         | The argument that this bill cost money was based on the
         | potential impact on the courts as legal actions would be files
         | to enforce the new warranty rights.
         | 
         | Rather than trying to influence every potentially concerned
         | member of legislature, better to spend 100x on the people who
         | control the purse.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | It is all about money. Always was and always will be.
         | Politicians of both colors love the cash, they are addicted to
         | the cash.
         | 
         | https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/ftc-report-shows-growing-i...
         | 
         | Politician support corporations, not the people. Wake the F up.
        
         | willcipriano wrote:
         | Peoples politics are closer to sports team fandom than anything
         | pragmatic. As long as you keep pulling the red or blue lever no
         | matter what they don't have much incentive to do much of
         | anything.
        
           | squarefoot wrote:
           | > Peoples politics are closer to sports team fandom than
           | anything pragmatic.
           | 
           | This is the result of the deliberate way in which clever
           | malicious spindoctors manipulated political debate over the
           | years in such a way so that what once was a pondered opinion
           | became later akin to a religious affiliation. The bottom line
           | is that an opinion can be changed while a religious belief
           | cannot; it's the system's way to ensure that once a voter is
           | captured it stays loyal forever.
        
         | tomohawk wrote:
         | The Democrat party completely controls the state government.
         | 
         | Thee party controls 31 of the 40 seats in the senate, and 60 of
         | the 80 seats in the lower house.
         | 
         | They have had a majority since 1996.
        
           | api wrote:
           | They're also tenured. Even if they disappoint, what are
           | people going to do vote Republican?
           | 
           | Same one party rule situation exists in some very "red"
           | states of course.
        
             | indymike wrote:
             | Occasionally a politician does so poorly that the voters
             | vote across the aisle. Right to repair can become one of
             | the issues that causes people to vote for the other party.
             | It really sucks to have to throw expensive products away
             | because you simple can't fix them. Not being able to repair
             | products is bad for everything but short term profits.
        
             | bsder wrote:
             | > They're also tenured. Even if they disappoint, what are
             | people going to do vote Republican?
             | 
             | Unlike the _rest_ of the country, California has  "jungle
             | primaries". So, you can wind up in the election with
             | "Democrat vs Democrat". This prevents the "Barely win the
             | primary and cruise to a safe general election."
             | 
             | In addition, California can put something like this up as a
             | proposition and override the legislature.
             | 
             | However, both of these situations are likely to wind up
             | with a _LOT_ of entrenched money being thrown around in
             | opposition to  "right to repair". So, the supporters need
             | to get their ducks in a row and demonstrate real support in
             | the electorate for this.
             | 
             | > Same one party rule situation exists in some very "red"
             | states of course.
             | 
             | I'm speaking in ignorance right now, but I am unaware of
             | any red states that implement either jungle primaries or
             | election propositions.
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | I'm reminded of this quote:
             | 
             | > The United States is also a one-party state but, with
             | typical American extravagance, they have two of them.
        
               | maratc wrote:
               | > There is only one party in the United States, the
               | Property Party ... and it has two right wings: Republican
               | and Democrat.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | That is a lazy quip. A simply review of legislation
               | passed in the few previous decades shows quite a bit of
               | difference in goals.
               | 
               | Even more of a stark difference once you look at
               | differences in state laws.
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | I imagine it's very complicated. Sometimes they just need
         | cooperation on other things, then they own stock, their friends
         | own stock, they run in the same social circles, you can bet
         | many are just corrupt and if not their friends are, then
         | there's the actual power the companies have (like the ability
         | to build or layoff in their district, strategically hike
         | prices, minor capital strikes, blackmail (remember who has all
         | the data), all kinds of stuff.) Also, there aren't really any
         | consequences to ignoring you anyway. On average, they'll either
         | get re-elected because nobody notices/understands or they'll
         | just be replaced by a new sock puppet.
         | 
         | This is why you'd want liquid democracy, arbitrary right of
         | recall or something along those lines.
        
         | avgcorrection wrote:
         | > Can anyone familiar with the process, explain exactly how
         | these industry lobbyists win these cases? With a 75% of
         | Californians being pro-right to repair, and with bipartisan
         | support - you'd think this would be an easy case to argue.
         | 
         | Well, what does that tell you? Majority public opinion does not
         | matter. Money does.
        
         | indymike wrote:
         | > Do the lobbyists have some incredibly legitimate insider
         | information they share with the senators? Do they just throw
         | cash/donations at them?
         | 
         | I do some grass roots lobbying in Indiana. When we can't get a
         | bill to the floor, it usually comes down to this:
         | 
         | 1. The public might support the bill, but voters aren't willing
         | to vote across the aisle over the issue behind the bill. So,
         | the politician can kill the bill without fear.
         | 
         | 2. There's a technical problem with the bill that would make it
         | a bad law. Sometimes, this is sabotage, but most often, it is
         | discovered late in the process and the bill dies in committee
         | until next session.
         | 
         | 3. The law would change the staus quo in some way that is
         | harmful to the close supporters of legislators. This is less
         | about money, and more about relationships.
         | 
         | The answer to all of the above is simple: get more public
         | support, and even work to unseat legislators that are opposed
         | to your issue. State legislators usually don't have a strong
         | grip on their seats (some do), so they can be unseated, often
         | in primary elections.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | The devil is often in the details, and working out the details
         | can easily be engineered to kill a bill.
        
         | jimmygrapes wrote:
         | In my experience, lobbyists are essentially individual people
         | hired by an organization to do extensive, cited research on the
         | topic, and develop "well written and formatted" proposals
         | for/against, as well as dedicate time to delivering the
         | proposals and arguments in person. They call the legislators,
         | they schedule meetings with them, they go through whatever
         | bureaucracy of a given office to get in contact with the
         | legislator, and present their information directly in ways that
         | make the legislator "understand" the position better. There
         | might be financial contributions and vague promises of future
         | opportunities, but those tend to come from a different angle
         | via the same organization.
         | 
         | On the other hand, the regular people complain about the topic
         | in pubs and coffee shops and online and at the dinner table,
         | and might fill out a petition or a pre-made letter. They might
         | even send a personalized email or physical letter (too often
         | poorly worded and badly formatted with no evidentiary backing),
         | or leave voice mails with a staffer. They won't do this very
         | often, but feel that they have strength in numbers. Spoiler:
         | receiving the same misspelled email from 5000 people doesn't
         | make the legislator (or their staff) think "oh wow a lot of
         | people are really upset by this", it just to spam/trash cans.
         | 
         | Financial contribution ("bribes") and fancy dinners or gifts
         | are usually the boogeyman when it comes to blaming lobbyists,
         | but those are tangential and not as common as most people
         | think. The biggest factor for a successful lobbyist is the
         | research, presentation, and persistence.
        
           | indymike wrote:
           | > In my experience, lobbyists are essentially individual
           | people hired by an organization to do extensive, cited
           | research on the topic, and develop "well written and
           | formatted" proposals for/against, as well as dedicate time to
           | delivering the proposals and arguments in person.
           | 
           | My experience is quite different and comes from doing grass
           | roots lobbying at the state and Federal level. Grass-roots
           | lobbying is just where regular citizens go do the lobbying
           | instead of paid professionals. If you ever get a chance to
           | get involved in this kind of lobbying, it will change how you
           | think about government, and you'll be pleasantly surprised to
           | see you can actually make a difference. You'll also find out
           | that being a legislator at any level is an almost impossible
           | job.
           | 
           | Lobbyists (yes, they are individuals, but usually have an
           | organization and staff behind them) are paid to show up and
           | "help" legislators. This ranges from providing information
           | all the way up to writing bills. Often bills are initially
           | written by lobbyists (the joke is that most laws are written
           | by staff interns and lobbyists). The reason lobbyists are
           | effective is simple: legislators all the way up to the US
           | Senate don't have time to do the work needed to write laws,
           | debate them, pass them, campaign, go to parades and
           | graduations and communicate with constituents... so they work
           | with lobbyists, who are well paid to have time. Yes,
           | professional lobbyists always have an ulterior motive, and
           | always have time, because their paycheck depends on it.
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | California instituted term limits for its state representatives
         | in 1990. It seemed like a good idea at the time, but what you
         | end up with is that the most senior politicians in Sacramento
         | are the lobbyists.
         | 
         | The outcome of that is that most bills are written by lobbyists
         | and most state reps vote how the lobbyists tell them to,
         | because they lobbyists are the ones making the deals with the
         | other lobbyists, instead of the long time representatives being
         | in leadership.
         | 
         | Each system has its pros and cons, but one of the main cons of
         | term limits is that lobbyists are in control.
        
       | [deleted]
        
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