[HN Gopher] Windows OS, Services and Apps: Network Connection Ta...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Windows OS, Services and Apps: Network Connection Target Hosts
       (2021)
        
       Author : pmoriarty
       Score  : 279 points
       Date   : 2022-05-27 09:31 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (helgeklein.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (helgeklein.com)
        
       | josteink wrote:
       | Modern OSes (and not just Windows) are getting overly bloated and
       | complicated. Talking to all those hosts and IPs is just a
       | symptome of that nobody seems to care about such things anymore.
       | 
       | My main work-laptop, my server and work workstation are running
       | Ubuntu (because of support, yadda yadda), but I've recently tried
       | Arch linux on my personal laptop.
       | 
       | I'm not yet an Arch fanatic, and find the installation procedure
       | particularly baroque (having to manually hunt down which firmware
       | packages to install to get basic hardware like Wifi working, had
       | to explicitly install a network-manager, or else no networking at
       | all)...
       | 
       | But what I _did_ find immensely refreshing, was working on a
       | minimal system which only had the components I had asked for and
       | nothing else. I knew why everything was there, and how it was
       | supposed to work.
       | 
       | I'm really coming to appreciate that more and more, especially
       | after a botched server-upgrade and having to wait for apt to
       | reinstall 1000+ packages _I have no idea if I need or not_.
       | 
       | So yeah. Windows, Mac, Linux, or whatever. Keep it minimal,
       | please :)
        
         | lbriner wrote:
         | Isn't the issue that these are a paid product and the supplier
         | has to keep adding "value" (or pretending they are) to keep
         | selling new software?
         | 
         | Some things get better over time like better graphics cards and
         | 64 bit but MS wouldn't keep making money if they said, "yeah
         | just keep Windows 98, it basically does everything you need".
         | Instead they add fluff, search that no-one wants, messaging
         | that not everyone uses etc.
         | 
         | Maybe they should do Windows Lite which would only include the
         | desktop and windows update and nothing else. Sell it for $10
         | inc updates for the first year. You then pay a subscription if
         | you care about more updates and nothing if you don't.
        
       | nickip wrote:
       | Typing in https://r.bing.com/ from the list gives a interesting
       | page.
        
         | HappyVertical wrote:
         | That's just one of the default messages from Azure Front Door /
         | Azure CDN.
        
       | larodi wrote:
       | enter the cloud-operation system. next release will be contacting
       | twice the amount of IPs and that'd be fine.
        
       | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
       | At least with Windows, you can install something like w10privacy
       | and easily quash most of the phone home staff. No such thing for
       | Android and iOS.
        
       | mananaysiempre wrote:
       | There seems to be some degree of overcounting in the reported
       | figures: the number of "hosts" is the number of unique hostnames
       | in the table, but the number of "IPs" is a straightforward sum of
       | IP address counts that the table segregates by service, and I
       | refuse to believe that ( _e.g._ ) the IP address of
       | login.live.com as resolved by OneDrive is always different from
       | same as resolved by Skype.                 $ curl -fsSL
       | 'https://helgeklein.com/blog/windows-os-services-apps-network-
       | connection-target-hosts/' | pup 'td:nth-child(5)' text{} | sed
       | 's/:.*$//' | sort -u | wc -l       291       $ curl -fsSL
       | 'https://helgeklein.com/blog/windows-os-services-apps-network-
       | connection-target-hosts/' | pup 'td:nth-child(4)' text{} | awk '{
       | s += $1 } END { print s }'       2764
       | 
       | There's also a fair amount of infrastructural stuff such as
       | DigiCert's OCSP service, and every shard(?) in the Windows
       | Update, OneDrive, etc. CDNs is counted as a separate hostname.
       | 
       | Not that I'm happy about of any of these connections, but the
       | report looks much less interesting than the totals alone suggest.
        
         | lbriner wrote:
         | I don't think that the exact problem is double counting IP
         | addresses or multiple CDN shards that are basically the same
         | but there are several concerning things:
         | 
         | 1) Why would relatively specific services need to contact so
         | many different endpoints? The skype service is using about 40
         | different endpoints by the look of it. 2) Why can't the
         | providers of these services use much more consistent naming? I
         | am less concerned about pipe.skype.com and avatar.skype.com
         | being called from skype because it makes sense. On the other
         | hand, calling b-ring.msedge.net is weird. What is that site?
         | Could be MS, could be anything. 3) It is not clear whether
         | these services were expected to be enabled or not. For example,
         | I don't like the idea that Windows is wasting internet
         | bandwidth on Cortana or XBox live since I use neither of them.
        
         | jiggawatts wrote:
         | > DigiCert's OCSP service
         | 
         | A weakness of the OCSP protocol is that it gets sent the
         | certificate hash as an input. This means that to a significant
         | degree, an OCSP provider can track what software you are using,
         | what sites you visit, etc... For the code signing certificates,
         | they could also determine which year (or two) it came from.
         | 
         | DigiCert could sell that to marketing companies, and spy
         | agencies / state-sponsored hacking groups could use it to
         | determine if you are running vulnerable versions of software
         | they have hacks for.
         | 
         | There would be ways to fix the protocol to be less vulnerable
         | to this, but I'm sure you'll find that any such suggestion
         | would be rejected by the major players like DigiCert in a
         | _strangely_ forceful manner.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jsiepkes wrote:
           | OCSP is indeed broken in many ways.
           | 
           | On the bright side, with the ca/browser forum limiting the
           | max length of a certificate to about a year it would be
           | pretty easy to just use a single revocation list. A CRL 2.0
           | so to say. Just like the browser downloads the Google safe
           | browsing list.
           | 
           | EDIT: Just to be clear; With CRL 2.0 I don't mean
           | blockchain...
        
           | notanote wrote:
           | OCSP is done over plain HTTP (for obvious reasons), so the
           | OCSP provider doesn't have exclusive access to this data.
           | There is not much value there for DigiCert and others when
           | every ISP can potentially sell the same data.
           | 
           | OCSP stapling helps maintain privacy, so eg. ESNI isn't
           | completely pointless when stapling is used.
        
             | charcircuit wrote:
             | >OCSP is done over plain HTTP (for obvious reasons)
             | 
             | It's not obvious to me. Why can't it be done over HTTPS?
             | From what I can tell nothing stops you from doing that.
        
               | nyuszika7h wrote:
               | If OCSP was done over HTTPS, you'd end up with an
               | infinite loop - you'd have to do an OCSP query to check
               | that the OCSP server's certificate is not revoked, and so
               | on.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | Sure HTTPS wouldn't help if an attacker had the cert for
               | the OCSP server, but I feel like that is rare to happen
               | compared to other certs being revoked and I believe there
               | are privacy / anticensorship benefits you ran get from
               | https.
               | 
               | To me it seems simple to just skip an OSCP check compared
               | to having to use HTTP.
        
               | minusf wrote:
               | i think because what is asked for is a list of revoked
               | certs, and the connection being used could be already on
               | that blacklist. the list must available without the
               | involvement of what is being checked.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | That's not what OCSP is. OCSP just lets you query the
               | status of a cert.
        
             | delusional wrote:
             | What sort of logic is that. "This data isn't private
             | because we just broadcast it to the entire internet on your
             | behalf" doesn't strike me as a valid argument against
             | considering privacy.
             | 
             | If it is I'm going to use this way more in all the
             | compliance meetings I attend. Oh, you're worried about the
             | secrecy of all this proprietary private information we're
             | holding? Don't worry, I'll just wrap it in a torrent,
             | broadcast it to the DHT, and _now_ it's no longer private,
             | so the secrecy doesn't matter.
        
           | zinekeller wrote:
           | There is actually now a dormant but a powerful system that's
           | a win-win to privacy and CA's infra bills: OCSP stapling (and
           | the associated must-staple directive). Instead of the client
           | requesting OCSP validation directly, the web server does that
           | on behalf of its visitors. This saves on CAs since that the
           | web server can minimise the request to every minute (or even
           | every half-hour if that's what the website operator desires)
           | and is definitely a win for privacy (as users will no longer
           | be required to send a request to the CAs). The only probable
           | downside is that revocations aren't instant, but in theory
           | you could arrange your CA to issue 5-minute validity OCSP
           | responses allowing for faster revocation.
           | 
           | Now if this exists, why aren't people switching to this?
           | Google. Chrome doesn't even actively validate revocation
           | information anymore, and Android didn't even bothered to do
           | many of the required validation since practically its
           | inception (so much that Let's Encrypt exploited that fact to
           | allow their CA to still issue valid certificates to older
           | Android devices:
           | https://letsencrypt.org/2020/12/21/extending-android-
           | compati...). Since Google insists that revocation is broken
           | (as demonstrated though it can be fixed _now_ if we want to)
           | no-one (at least at a corporate level) is seriously pushing
           | OCSP must-staple.
           | 
           | P.S. you should at least read GRC's post about CRLSets (the
           | only mechanism available in Chrome) that was posted in 2014 a
           | few days after the Heartbleed discovery
           | (https://www.grc.com/revocation/crlsets.htm). It's still
           | (unfortunately) relevant today, amd says a lot about Google's
           | security practices.
        
         | Ensorceled wrote:
         | > I refuse to believe that (e.g.) the IP address of
         | login.live.com as resolved by OneDrive is always different from
         | same as resolved by Skype.
         | 
         | Do you have a reason to doubt either the sincerity or technical
         | ability of the Author? Did you find a fault in their methods?
         | 
         | I totally believe it, both from a load balancing perspective
         | and from a stack perspective.
         | 
         | There was a version of Mac OS were different applications used
         | different resolvers so, for instance, changing /etc/hosts would
         | redirect SOME services/browsers to the IP in /etc/hosts and
         | other services/browsers would still use DNS. I've had similar
         | issues manually setting the DNS server address where some
         | services ignored the setting if they could resolve against
         | Apple's favoured DNS. This might still be true but I'm now
         | longer doing security work and I'm not using these tricks
         | anymore.
        
         | vitus wrote:
         | > I refuse to believe that (e.g.) the IP address of
         | login.live.com as resolved by OneDrive is always different from
         | same as resolved by Skype.
         | 
         | I could believe that, actually. There are reasons you might
         | want to always host different services on non-overlapping IPs
         | -- DDoS mitigation, traffic prioritization, service isolation,
         | limiting impact of unscrupulous ISP / government content
         | blocks...
        
       | trlquark wrote:
        
       | justsomehnguy wrote:
       | Steps to mitigate:
       | 
       | Change Windows Firewall settings to block outbound connections by
       | default [0]
       | 
       | Install Unbound [1] so you can actually see the DNS requests (and
       | block them if you want it) your system performs.
       | server:             verbosity: 1             extended-statistics:
       | yes              logfile:
       | "C:\Shares\Public\Progs\Unbound\unbound.log"              server:
       | log-queries: yes             log-replies: yes             log-
       | servfail: yes             val-log-level: 2
       | 
       | [0] https://imgur.com/a/ayq5yiF
       | 
       | [1] https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/projects/unbound/about/
        
       | peter_retief wrote:
       | Why do people still use Microsoft is a great mystery to me.
        
         | peter_retief wrote:
         | https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~reinholz/freebsd/3reasons.html...
         | .
        
         | neilalexander wrote:
         | That's obvious. It's much less expensive to buy a Windows PC
         | than a Mac. Linux on the desktop is still quite terrible in a
         | number of ways (particularly if you are ever unfortunate enough
         | to deal with drivers and kernel modules for your slightly
         | uncommon hardware). Chromebooks still don't rate that highly
         | and haven't really entered the public consciousness as a
         | result. Not to mention that many people are using Windows at
         | work, in education or in plenty of other places where they
         | ultimately don't get to choose.
        
           | peter_retief wrote:
           | You are saying why people are stuck in MS, not choosing it.
        
             | neilalexander wrote:
             | You didn't say anything about "choosing" Microsoft. You
             | said "use".
        
               | peter_retief wrote:
               | It was implied
        
           | heresie-dabord wrote:
           | > Linux on the desktop is still quite terrible [...] for your
           | slightly uncommon hardware
           | 
           | You have revealed your point of view. However, for the _great
           | majority_ of Linux users, Linux on the desktop has been a
           | _reality_ for well over a _decade_.
        
           | ace_hunter wrote:
           | I am surprised people on hackernews are still regurgitating
           | talking points from 20 years ago - Linux on Desktop is quite
           | terrible ? When was the last time you used Linux ..
           | 
           | I have been using Linux systems from the past 10-15 years and
           | they have been my daily driver for almost everything - and I
           | live on my computer. Never have I faced any issue that can't
           | easily be solved. (If at all there were issues)
        
             | orphea wrote:
             | > Never have I faced any issue that can't easily be solved.
             | 
             | Which doesn't mean others didn't have issues, huh? Also
             | some people might have not specific knowledge to solve the
             | issues.
        
             | neoberg wrote:
             | > When was the last time you used Linux
             | 
             | Yesterday and it was terrible.
             | 
             | > Never have I faced any issue that can't easily be solved.
             | (If at all there were issues)
             | 
             | Good luck viewing hdr content.
        
               | pmoriarty wrote:
               | What was so terrible about it?
        
               | neoberg wrote:
               | Off the top of my mind; mouse & trackpad, sound stack,
               | bluetooth stack, hd/4k content streaming, no hdr at all,
               | using multiple displays with different dpis... I tried
               | every recommended driver&setting for mouse&trackpad. They
               | are all terrible compared to Macos. The whole story of
               | using multiple displays with xrandr, xinerama etc. is a
               | joke. Agreed; you get a better experience with Wayland
               | regarding that but then you lose the ability to do
               | screenshare for the most part (without doing hacky stuff
               | instead of doing work).
        
             | neilalexander wrote:
             | I am surprised people on hackernews still don't seem to
             | understand that, on the whole, happy Linux users are a
             | self-selecting group based on their own skills,
             | understanding and tolerances.
             | 
             | I'm not saying that people don't have good experiences with
             | Linux desktops. I'm saying that those experiences are still
             | nowhere near universal, especially when you start to
             | involve people who aren't really power users. The most
             | common desktop environments are still wildly inconsistent
             | at best and frequently an accessibility nightmare at worst.
             | Trying to work out whether a given piece of hardware will
             | be well supported (or supported at all!) is difficult.
             | Resolving package manager conflicts, handling non-free
             | firmwares, building and managing kernel modules, these
             | things are _not trivial_. That's before we've even
             | addressed the software that people are often forced to give
             | up. I use a Linux desktop frequently and there are
             | papercuts _everywhere_.
             | 
             | I'm really not sure where this prevailing mentality that
             | you can just install Linux and ride off into the sunset
             | comes from.
        
               | declnz wrote:
               | Yes.. but are we really saying that people can install
               | _Windows_ and ride off into the sunset?
               | 
               | IME there are always people who "get stuck" with their
               | computer or end up in "nuke from orbit" situations.
        
             | justsomeguy123 wrote:
             | So true. If anything, something broken on Windows puts you
             | in a worse position.
        
             | peter_retief wrote:
             | FreeBSD is also an option. MS desktop is almost unusable,
             | bloated slow and clunky. (I have an MS boot) I imagine
             | people are just used to it, it really is terrible
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | 1. It comes preinstalled on most PCs. It is just there.
         | 
         | 2. Work in general (Office 365), and for software development
         | "microsoft shops" although that is now more cultural with .NET5
         | running on Linux etc.
         | 
         | 3. Games? (I am not a gamer)
         | 
         | It takes a bit of effort to switch to Linux, for most people's
         | lives they are probably not aware of Linux, or even if they are
         | don't see the point because Windows just works and does what
         | they need.
        
         | npteljes wrote:
         | I'd say convenience is the topmost reason. For most, it's not a
         | matter of choice, Windows is preinstalled, they have been
         | provided experience with it in schools, and Microsoft is often
         | the standard choice in offices, with doc/docx, xls/xlsx being
         | the de-facto standard document formats. For many, Windows is
         | synonymous with a PC. Windows, in this context, is a low-level
         | utility, beyond the boundary of care, like the manufacturer of
         | car tyres.
        
       | gigel82 wrote:
       | We need a crowd-sourced solution for documenting and keeping up
       | with Microsoft's bullshit. After every "cumulative update" I fire
       | up WireShark and find new connections popping up from unexpected
       | places. It's too much of a hassle and I'm just about ready to
       | give up.
       | 
       | That said, Linux is not an alternative for me; I use Office
       | daily, OneDrive, and Xbox Game Pass for gaming.
       | 
       | With a dedicated community we could distribute the work of
       | reverse-engineering the purpose of each of these connections and
       | classify URL endpoints by that (Ads / impressions / telemetry can
       | just get blocked immediately; the rest can be documented based on
       | what functionality is disabled / broken by blocking).
        
       | hsnewman wrote:
       | Seems like there was some project creep in the Windows OS. I was
       | always taught an OS "manages computer hardware, software
       | resources, and provides common services for computer programs".
       | For example, games are not anything that could be in the above
       | definition (from Wikipedia).
        
       | mobilio wrote:
       | I wish to see this also for macOS, iOS and Android.
        
         | decasteve wrote:
         | Last time I used macOS, 2-3 years ago, it was in constant
         | communication with Akamai servers. Blocking some of those hosts
         | to prevent it from doing so would render the system
         | unresponsive when trying to launch an application.
         | 
         | Note: this anecdote may no longer be current. I'm not sure what
         | changes Apple might have made since I tested this.
        
           | fsflover wrote:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25074959
        
         | dijit wrote:
         | Aside from fsflovers link; there's a fantastic (paid) firewall
         | software called littlesnitch.
         | 
         | You can use it to watch every process send network traffic, you
         | can even collect samples of the traffic and plot it on a map:
         | https://www.obdev.at/products/littlesnitch/index.html
         | 
         | (not affiliated, just a happy customer; it's one of the few
         | things I like the mac ecosystem for.. there's attempts to port
         | it to linux with https://github.com/evilsocket/opensnitch; but
         | it's not as polished of course)
        
           | schleck8 wrote:
           | The Linux equivalent is called OpenSnitch, works great. It
           | also does not cost 50 euros
        
           | heresie-dabord wrote:
           | Friend, your link ends with a semi-colon.
           | 
           | https://github.com/evilsocket/opensnitch
        
             | dijit wrote:
             | That's awful, I'm sorry.
             | 
             | Thank you for fixing it, I can't edit the post now.
        
           | Grimburger wrote:
           | On Android NetGuard can do the same monitoring, it's a great
           | open source app but I do sometimes wonder what the chance is
           | of some Android system calls bypassing the local vpn firewall
           | it sets up.
           | 
           | https://netguard.me/
        
           | joekrill wrote:
           | I've been using this for years and love it, too. But didn't
           | Apple recently make some change to macOS recently that allows
           | many "system" processes to bypass this?
        
             | dijit wrote:
             | Seems like it:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24838816
             | 
             | Concerning.
        
         | stevenjgarner wrote:
         | and other nix distros like both Ubuntu Desktop and Server.
        
           | zaggynl wrote:
           | There's https://github.com/evilsocket/opensnitch
        
             | heresie-dabord wrote:
             | Linux has lsof that can show connexions. Here's a config
             | generator for conky that demonstrates the usage:
             | 
             | https://github.com/viviparous/plonky
        
         | fsflover wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26639261
        
         | callmeal wrote:
         | MacOs: https://sneak.berlin/20210202/macos-11.2-network-
         | privacy/                 The desktop appeared, and the system
         | was connected to a dedicated wi-fi network for the purpose,
         | DeviceUnderTest. 60 seconds or so of "no activity" simply
         | staring at the desktop elapsed, and the system was rebooted,
         | automatically reconnecting to the test network.
         | Wi-Fi was then disabled.            ...            In this few
         | minutes, the system generated 38 megabytes of network traffic.
        
       | norman784 wrote:
       | I read a lot of comments here wanting to block the connections,
       | but wouldn't be easier/better to switch to an OS that doesn't spy
       | you? The answers possibly is no, because they might use X or Y
       | that requires them to use Windows, so a better question is, what
       | holds you back to switch to Linux? (macOS also talks to a lot of
       | servers and collect telemetry as Windows, maybe in a different
       | scale, so isn't an alternative if you are worried about your data
       | being collected).
       | 
       | I personally prefer Linux, but what's holding me are the
       | streaming services (netflix, amazon, etc), I can only watch SD
       | content if I'm on Linux, so my second opinion is macOS, I can
       | watch at least in a decent resolution and also their notebooks
       | are the best ones out there (the air is amazing between price,
       | performance and battery life) for my use case, that's also work.
        
         | boondaburrah wrote:
         | required to use windows for work (the software I produce must
         | run on desktop windows machines), and only have my personal PC
         | to do work with. I'd like to have money for a second machine
         | but I don't.
         | 
         | The thing with the linux community, is that once linux covers
         | 90% of the perceived use-cases for a desktop/laptop/workstation
         | computer, it really feels like it should be enough to see a big
         | switch. We can relax, right? But that 10% of use cases where
         | windows is the /only/ option is the other 90%.
        
           | quickthrower2 wrote:
           | Dual boot or have 2 devices. Also Wine?
        
         | pmoriarty wrote:
         | Another option to consider is FreeBSD, which can be especially
         | attractive for those of us who want to avoid systemd.
        
           | circularfoyers wrote:
           | I'd argue using an OS and init system with significantly less
           | support compared to Linux is more likely to have a lot more
           | reasons to hold you back.
        
           | NexRebular wrote:
           | We swapped linux for FreeBSD in one of our classrooms at
           | $WORK. It just works.
        
           | cowtools wrote:
           | There are non-systemd linux distros like alpine and gentoo.
           | With elogind and such, you can run gnome and such without
           | systemd.
        
             | pmoriarty wrote:
             | I've run Gentoo since 2004, and all the non-stop compiling
             | has finally driven me away from that distro. It's just too
             | much of a waste of time, a drain on my system's resources
             | and wear on my disks.
             | 
             | It used to be bearable back in the day, but now software
             | has gotten so bloated that compiling it all constantly is
             | just ridiculous... especially on older, slower systems.
        
               | cowtools wrote:
               | I agree. Gentoo ought to have better binpkgs support.
               | Alpine is a nice alternative, albeit it doesn't have USE
               | flags.
        
           | Sentient-HN wrote:
           | why not just use another init system? I've had great
           | experiences with runit, and they say s6 is good as well.
        
             | pmoriarty wrote:
             | It's not so easy to ditch systemd on a lot of distros,
             | because it's tied so closely in to everything else.
             | 
             | Also, I don't know about you but I don't want to waste my
             | time writing init scripts for every application I run that
             | needs them. I'd much rather just use a distro that has
             | already written them for me.
        
         | wyager wrote:
         | > I can only watch SD content if I'm on Linux
         | 
         | Sounds like you have a good reason to get content from third-
         | party sources that don't saddle you with annoying BS.
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | > what holds you back to switch to Linux?
         | 
         | I occasionally need to do some development work in a Debian VM.
         | I can't even remember the name of the window manager it came
         | with; but I just can't figure it out. The equivalent of the
         | dock / taskbar just isn't useful. I had to jump through hoops
         | and hoops just to get Visual Studio Code to work, in part
         | because it took awhile to figure out how to have root access to
         | my own VM.
         | 
         | Now, I obviously could use a different window manager; but that
         | leads to the real problem: It's just too much work for me to
         | figure out how to use Linux, and find a setup that I like. And,
         | after I do that, it's quite a bit of work to "keep up" with the
         | Linux community and the changes. And, then it's quite a bit of
         | work to ensure that I can find good, compatible hardware.
         | 
         | Finally: I'm very happy with Mac, and Windows 11 is "good
         | enough" for me. I'd consider purchasing a laptop with a Linux-
         | based distro pre-installed; but even then, that's a huge
         | financial risk if I end up not liking it, or I hit
         | compatibility issues. At least the Microsoft Surface has a
         | 60-day return policy.
         | 
         | Which leads to my final point: I use a computer as a tool.
         | Linux on the desktop isn't a tool, it's a hobby. I could see
         | myself using Linux if I wanted to develop an alternate shell /
         | UI as a hobby, or using Linux on the desktop if it was common
         | in my profession.
        
           | ubermonkey wrote:
           | "It's just too much work for me to figure out how to use
           | Linux"
           | 
           | This is the crux, really. I'm adept at server administration,
           | and have used Linux there for decades, but on the desktop it
           | is, from my POV, pretty much a dumpster fire of bad
           | usability.
           | 
           | Had Apple not gone to OS X 20 years ago, I suspect desktop
           | Linux would be materially further along, but with a well-
           | designed and well-supported commercial *nix OS in the market
           | that ships married to bespoke hardware, there's materially
           | less motivation to make desktop Linux better for people who
           | won't want to have to tinker to make things work.
        
             | gwbas1c wrote:
             | (Joke) Unless you're North Korean:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Star_OS
             | 
             | Jokes aside:
             | 
             | > Had Apple not gone to OS X 20 years ago, I suspect
             | desktop Linux would be materially further along, but with a
             | well-designed and well-supported commercial *nix OS in the
             | market that ships married to bespoke hardware, there's
             | materially less motivation to make desktop Linux better for
             | people who won't want to have to tinker to make things
             | work.
             | 
             | Aren't Android and ChromeOS linux-based?
        
               | ubermonkey wrote:
               | Android is, but nobody's running Android on the desktop.
               | 
               | ChromeOS is, I guess, but how much of a true desktop OS
               | is it vs. a front-end for Google? (Not trolling; I
               | honestly don't know because I don't use any Google
               | products, so it's never been on my radar.)
        
           | DrBazza wrote:
           | Out of the box, KDE is very close to Windows - a start menu,
           | a dock, and a task tray. I don't use Gnome, but I don't
           | expect it's that dissimilar either.
           | 
           | No idea why VSCode doesn't work "out of the box" for you.
           | Again, I can only assume you've picked some odd window
           | manager, possibly a tiling one or something like that? Gnome
           | and KDE "just work".
           | 
           | > Linux on the desktop isn't a tool, it's a hobby.
           | 
           | That's fine. My opinion, is the opposite to yours. My vanilla
           | KDE install has been fine and I use my linux desktop as my
           | day-to-day tool for writing production, revenue earning,
           | code. I've been running KDE full time for over 4 years now
           | with no problems (or rather fewer problems than I had with
           | Windows and Apple, but YMMV).
        
         | scoutt wrote:
         | I work with Linux for compiling Android images (with VSCode on
         | Windows through SSH), and I also customize the kernel (drivers
         | and DT, mostly). I also do some Qt porting to Linux, but I used
         | Windows my entire life (apart from DOS).
         | 
         | And honestly, I won't boot my PC from Linux (at home or work)
         | because I'm afraid it will break. I'll explain: I have some VMs
         | with Ubuntu and, from time to time, I hit some problem that
         | made the system unrecoverable. For instance, filesystem
         | breaking or not mounting, I also remember Nvidia drivers
         | updates that generated a black login screen (1), or strange
         | error messages showing up before seeing the Ubuntu login screen
         | (that I wonder myself what should I do with them?).
         | 
         | Not to mention the times my SSH connections to development
         | servers don't work, and I have to physically go there and reset
         | the PCs.
         | 
         | I don't want to be twiddling with my main PC, which puts food
         | on my family table. The fear of coming to work (or from work at
         | home) and turning on my PC just to find out that some partition
         | isn't mounting, my printer is not working anymore or some other
         | problem that would take me an hour to fix... is too much of a
         | risk for me and my mental health.
         | 
         | On the functional side... there are some things that I can't
         | understand... It's been years already and I cannot control the
         | scroll speed of the mouse wheel in Ubuntu without hacking with
         | the xinput system. What does that tell me?
         | 
         | And why asking my password every 5 minutes? I always said: if
         | you want to remember a phrase, use it as your Ubuntu password.
         | You'll be asked for it for every little thing and in a couple
         | of hours you will remember the phrase forever.
         | 
         | https://askubuntu.com/questions/1129516/black-screen-at-boot...
         | 
         | PS: I love-hate Ubuntu, and I am not saying that these things
         | don't happen on Windows, but from personal experience, Windows
         | is much more stable since like the past 10 years.
        
           | gs17 wrote:
           | I switched to Linux specifically because Windows kept
           | breaking. One update broke compatibility with the stock SSD
           | in my laptop, but the symptom was random bluescreens with
           | seemingly different errors each time. I installed Mint to see
           | if I could get a better error about which bit of hardware was
           | faulty, but it never had any issue in Linux. At least if a
           | kernel update broke something similar, it'd be easy to boot
           | from an older one. Windows sticks you with the version you
           | have or a full reset.
        
           | ace_hunter wrote:
           | I have been using ubuntu and flavors for well over 12 years.
           | I gotta tell you, never has anything of what you describe
           | happen to me.
           | 
           | And I am a menacingly wild-user. I put my systems through a
           | lot! I do a lot of full-stack development, arduino(and other
           | iot stuff) coding, blender work (3d), inkscape, gimp, a lot
           | of audacity for audio, a lot of kdenLive for video-editing..
           | 
           | and my laptops (although always being mediocore in spec)
           | never broke a sweat. And I have never ever had to 'format' my
           | PC cuz I'm locked out of it.
           | 
           | So, maybe, it's you who doesn't understand how to use the
           | system. Maybe!
        
             | scoutt wrote:
             | > So, maybe, it's you who doesn't understand how to use the
             | system. Maybe!
             | 
             | It is possible that you are 100% right. But I also believe
             | your answer (or that kind of answer) is part of the general
             | problem.
             | 
             | I have to say that I'm totally capable of fixing those
             | issues since I do it all the time for Android (which I
             | debug and customize). The problem is: I don't want to. Not
             | on my main PC.
             | 
             | On the other side, what am I possibly doing wrong to
             | generate those problems? I install Qt, Firefox,
             | Thunderbird, Git, build-essentials. I never hibernate, I
             | always do a clean shutdown and... that's it...
             | 
             | The "Ubuntu has experienced an internal error..." dialog
             | box still appears from time to time
        
             | neoberg wrote:
             | Yeah but is it really user's problem if a system requires
             | lot's of knowledge to do computer stuff without breaking
             | the system? I don't have the time neither want to learn the
             | intricacies of an operating system to do my work.
        
           | jotm wrote:
           | Eh, Linux is more stable than Windows 10 in my experience,
           | even with a bunch of extra bs and custom configuration that I
           | needed.
           | 
           | Windows 7 was rock stable. Indeed, it was W10 that caused me
           | this kind of headache a few times - just updated itself
           | overnight and blue screened. No way to recover even with
           | their recovery tools. Still have no clue what was wrong with
           | it.
           | 
           | Oh and it still to this day starts hibernating randomly on my
           | ZBooks, with the event log saying it is caused by a CPU
           | overheat event.
           | 
           | First of all, it was not overheating.
           | 
           | Second, Windows or any other OS should never handle these
           | events, it was always and should always be handled at a
           | hardware/firmware level.
           | 
           | Also, hibernating when overheating? Lol, yeah, that's very
           | helpful. Good luck doing that when the processor is actually
           | overheating.
           | 
           | On that note, Microsoft Answers is the most useless
           | website/service in existence and I don't know why they even
           | bother keeping it up.
        
             | pmoriarty wrote:
             | _" it still to this day starts hibernating randomly on my
             | ZBooks, with the event log saying it is caused by a CPU
             | overheat event."_
             | 
             | Hybernating or thermal throttling?
             | 
             | Thermal throttling is done on the hardware level and can
             | happen while using any operating system, including Linux.
        
               | jotm wrote:
               | It's hibernating. Apparently, Windows has the ability to
               | perform some actions based on ACPI, which presumably is
               | disabled by default. For whatever reason, some update
               | enables this feature (once every 6+ months, but not right
               | after restoring from backup, strange as hell), but I
               | guess the thermal zones are improperly calibrated? No
               | idea.
               | 
               | https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-
               | hardware/drivers/br...
               | 
               | It just hibernates. Passive or active cooling setting,
               | disabled thermal controls in group policy or not,
               | registry tweaks or not. Tried everything.
               | 
               | It just hibernates, middle of work or not. At least it
               | doesn't shut down -\\_(tsu)_/-.
               | 
               | I'd say upon reaching ~60-70 degrees on the CPU, but it
               | does it at idle (<50degC) too, so it seems more random
               | than anything. Once, it stopped when I had a Kali Linux
               | VM with a USB Wifi adapter passed through to it (only
               | difference at the time) running. Worked for a few days,
               | then it started doing it regardless.
               | 
               | People with some Dell and Lenovo laptops also have this
               | problem, and it seems so rare that the most common answer
               | is "lol, it's overheating dumdum, thank Microsoft or it
               | would break".
               | 
               | Only surefire solution is to restore from backup.
               | 
               | If it did that under Linux, at least I could easily tell
               | it to ignore everything and let the hardware handle it.
        
           | pmoriarty wrote:
           | In Windows you're much more likely to wake up one day the
           | victim of some ransomware which has encrypted your files and
           | demands bitcoin to get your files back again.
           | 
           | It's not unknown for Windows updates to break systems either,
           | and when you do have serious problems on Windows there's a
           | limited amount of things you can do because the system is so
           | opaque.
           | 
           | At least on *nix you (or expert users helping you) can dive
           | in to the source to figure out what's happening. With Windows
           | you can be left at the mercy of waiting for Microsoft or
           | whatever closed-source software you're depending on for a
           | fix.
        
         | lelanthran wrote:
         | > I personally prefer Linux, but what's holding me are the
         | streaming services (netflix, amazon, etc), I can only watch SD
         | content if I'm on Linux,
         | 
         | I hadn't noticed. Wife's 43" TV is connected to a linux box
         | with firefox that is used for Amazon Prime, Netflix _AND_
         | Disney+.
         | 
         | I haven't noticed poor picture and assumed it ran at 1096x1080.
         | I will certainly have to check this out.
        
           | qwertox wrote:
           | I just checked on Ubuntu Desktop in Firefox and yes, Full HD
           | is not an option.
        
           | lelanthran wrote:
           | Turns out, for me, watching on a 43" screen in SD is no
           | different to watching on a 43" screen in FHD because I don't
           | use my glasses when watching TV.
           | 
           | I can't really say that it has made a difference to my
           | enjoyment of the shows I watched[1]. It is something to keep
           | in mind for if we ever replace that TV with a 60" one.
           | 
           | [1]I just now compared a FHD download of "My Name Is Earl" to
           | the SD Disney+ version and did not see a stark enough
           | difference to switch away from Linux.
        
             | olyjohn wrote:
             | Yeah a big screen is only exciting for the first few times
             | you watch a show. Then it just becomes the screen. We used
             | to watch TV on a 19 inch CRT from clear across the room,
             | and we enjoyed the shit out of it. The TV is not what made
             | the show good or bad.
             | 
             | It was cool to go to someone's house who had a big TV, but
             | now everybody has a big, high-res TV. Most people aren't
             | even utilizing the resolution their TVs are capable of.
             | 
             | Just like most people are fine with a Sonos speaker or
             | soundbar (IMO, they sound like any other crappy integrated
             | speaker), most people would probably not care above 1080p.
        
           | nvrspyx wrote:
           | For at least Netflix, there's no way to stream above 720p
           | since Widevine only allows security level 2 on Linux.
        
           | norman784 wrote:
           | Back in 2020 I couldn't stream from Amazon at a higher res
           | than 720p from linux (tried every browser), as soon as I dual
           | booted to Windows the quality improved a lot.
           | 
           | Could it be that you are using Plex, Kodi or similar that
           | might allows you to stream at a good quality?
        
             | ridgered4 wrote:
             | I'm guessing that (like myself) he probably just isn't that
             | picky about it. The only IQ issues that I see that
             | frequently bothers me is washed out dithering in dark
             | scenes or low quality due to connection hiccups. I don't
             | think UHD would improve either of those.
        
               | lelanthran wrote:
               | > I'm guessing that (like myself) he probably just isn't
               | that picky about it.
               | 
               | Correct, see my reply to myself upthread.
        
         | dgellow wrote:
         | I already use a pi-hole for our local network, everything msn,
         | windows, microsoft related is already blocked for all our
         | devices, so it's really not a big task. It's also not a big
         | task to maintain the list of domain to block, every few months
         | I find a new one to add. I also don't mind some level of
         | telemetry.
         | 
         | And I personally like Windows as an operating system, NT is a
         | very cool and well documented technology, and since WSL has
         | been available it is also my favorite Linux desktop experience.
         | For a while my main complaints where about the frustrating dev
         | experience (mostly for web stuff, tooling often only consider a
         | Unix environment), and the lack of package manager, but WSl +
         | Windows Terminal + winget is just fantastic. And that's without
         | talking about more niche things, such as the awesome
         | Sysinternal Suite (so many hidden gem here!), the event system,
         | powershell (looks ridiculous when you first read about it but
         | it's such a ridiculously powerful shell once you discover that
         | you can interact with .Net classes), Win32 APIs, etc.
         | 
         | (Edit: I say this as a relatively recent convert to Windows, I
         | started with Mac OS classic, then OS X, then ArchLinux for
         | years, so the majority of my experience has been with Unix
         | environments)
        
           | cyberpunk wrote:
           | You're assuming they're not just going to start using their
           | own DNS or DoH for these requests.
           | 
           | Orwell got things slightly wrong in 1984; he never realized
           | that we would be paying for the privilege of being spied on.
        
             | dgellow wrote:
             | My personal assumption is that Microsoft isn't a malicious
             | actor, so yes I don't expect them to try to dodge domain
             | blocking. I also don't see their telemetry as spying,
             | everything I've seen so far tells me that they only use
             | gathered data in aggregate as a replacement for QA, and
             | without PII (unless you decide to report crashes, send
             | feedbacks, or take part in their insider program) and they
             | seem to respect user settings regarding personalized ads.
             | 
             | But I don't like that you have so much advertising in the
             | default Windows and Edge experience and understand the
             | general frustration regarding telemetry, not everybody can
             | control their network the way I do just to have a
             | reasonable experience...
        
           | andi999 wrote:
           | Windows 10/11 would be cool (I really liked 7), if you could
           | buy a professional version. (not the one they call so). I
           | dont want ads and telemetrics.
        
             | p1peridine wrote:
             | Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC?
        
               | andi999 wrote:
               | Yes. I like that. Minor nitpick: wsl support was a bit
               | behind
               | 
               | Mayor nitpick: can you buy it, if you are not a big
               | coorp?
        
               | p1peridine wrote:
               | > can you buy it, if you are not a big coorp?
               | 
               | I wouldn't know because I 'found it online' (if you know
               | what I mean).
        
         | moonchrome wrote:
         | I recently considered installing Linux on my desktop
         | workstation. Then I decided I wanted to buy a wireless card for
         | the machine - and any device I saw available locally had
         | dubious issue/debugging threads online, people unable to get it
         | to work, BT functionality missing, etc.
         | 
         | I've used Linux desktop in the past and it looks like things
         | haven't changed much. I don't like the idea of having to
         | compile kernel modules just to get my machine to work (and then
         | having to do it on each distro upgrade) - I have better things
         | to do with my time.
        
           | squarefoot wrote:
           | Pretty much every device is supported under Linux once one
           | avoids the very latest product. I'm not talking about using
           | Granma's 286, just don't buy the latest hardware or anything
           | younger than say six months. Hardware manufacturers are
           | encouraged (just to say) to support only Windows out of the
           | box, therefore Linux support requires either personal unpaid
           | work by members of the community or investment from FOSS
           | companies, which for obvious reasons needs more time.
           | 
           | One extremely important aspect of Linux support is that once
           | it happens, it stays there virtually forever: there's no such
           | thing as declaring a product obsolete so that users are
           | forced to migrate to the newer version. This applies to
           | software too; WINE allows Linux users to run perfectly good
           | Windows software that stopped working on native Windows ages
           | ago forcing Windows users to shell out a lot of money.
        
           | sph wrote:
           | There's just one brand of Wifi that's crap under linux and
           | that's broadcom. Are you telling me you can't find an Intel
           | wireless module anywhere?
           | 
           | Also, if you use a modern distro instead of, say, gentoo, you
           | don't have to compile anything yourself, there's packages and
           | dkms available if you really have to go with broadcom. Do you
           | not install drivers on Windows?
        
             | moonchrome wrote:
             | All of the models I was looking into were Intel based - but
             | I could't find any info if they are actually
             | supported/tested - and just threads people complaining they
             | can't get them to work on their distro or can't get BT to
             | work.
        
             | norman784 wrote:
             | Indeed I bought a while ago one of those pci-e cards that
             | comes with the same BT/wireless that Apple uses, it wasn't
             | that hard to make it work but if it works out of the box,
             | then better, also I think the intel wireless chips are one
             | of the best ones out there.
        
           | skepticalwaves wrote:
           | You can find and buy Intel AC series wifi cards meant for
           | laptops on PCIe surfboards with external antennas. They're
           | plug and play and fantasfic
        
             | moonchrome wrote:
             | Does BT 5 support work ? High quality wireless headphone
             | connection for calls is pretty important for me, this is
             | the reason I'm getting the wireless card for workstation (I
             | use laptop for calls right now)
        
           | Youden wrote:
           | Keep in mind that you'll only find results from people who
           | have issues. Few people will go online just to say their
           | hardware works with Linux.
           | 
           | To give a concrete recommendation for a wifi adapter, look at
           | Intel-based hardware. Intel stuff generally works out of the
           | box because they contribute drivers to the Linux kernel
           | directly. The ASUS PCe-AXE58BT is based on Intel's AX200 so
           | should work out of the box on any modern Linux distro.
           | 
           | You basically never have to compile kernel modules anymore.
           | Even if compilation is necessary, DKMS-based packages mean
           | that the recompilation is done when you install your package
           | updates, so you don't need to think about it.
        
             | moonchrome wrote:
             | The Asus card isn't available in my region. I can find
             | TPLink Archer TXE75E V2 which seems similar (BT5.2, 6E) - I
             | can't find any info on linux support or BT.
        
               | schmuelio wrote:
               | I haven't used it, but the page lists "The latest Intel
               | Wi-Fi 6E chipset" so I would run under the assumption
               | that it works fine.
               | 
               | It's the chipset that you would need to ensure
               | compatibility with, unfortunately I can't find anything
               | concrete on the actual chipset used, Intel only has 3
               | wifi 6E chipsets and as far as I can tell (from here
               | https://venzux.com/intel-ax411-vs-ax211-vs-ax210-wi-
               | fi-6e-mo...) they should all be compatible with Linux.
        
           | Xunjin wrote:
           | Won't deny, BT depending on the vendor, is just a hell to
           | make it work. And you are not gonna get the same
           | functionality (like ADP2 + mic).
           | 
           | In the end is the compromises you are willing to make. For
           | development Linux is way better IMO, even gaming now really
           | good with DXVK (Steam Proton)
        
           | Zhyl wrote:
           | I would at the very least make an effort to validate those
           | claims before repeating them. Linux has improved greatly in
           | the last few years, and I haven't had a WiFi issue for a long
           | time.
        
           | drdec wrote:
           | Try https://linux-hardware.org/ for a good source of known
           | good hardware.
        
         | ubermonkey wrote:
         | "I read a lot of comments here wanting to block the
         | connections, but wouldn't be easier/better to switch to an OS
         | that doesn't spy you?"
         | 
         | I mean, in a perfect world, sure. But it's not always an
         | option.
        
         | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
         | > what holds you back to switch to Linux?
         | 
         | Currently Linux has reached a state where I could tolerate most
         | of the things I hate about it and would be willing to do so to
         | be rid of Microsoft's bullshit, except for the following: VR in
         | Linux is a garbage fire, DCS is hit and miss, and my 1080ti
         | will likely be an endless source of problems.
        
         | baisq wrote:
         | Sure, as soon as an operating system with a good
         | Win32/DirectX/Windows HAL implementation appears, I will be the
         | first one to switch. ReactOS perhaps?
        
           | cowtools wrote:
           | I think it will be implemented by proton/wine first
        
         | kekebo wrote:
         | It can come down to one program that doesn't have a good
         | alternative on another OS, my version of that are the DAWs /
         | music production tools I know and love. Wine solves a lot of
         | this (but not all) for Windows programs, the macOS equivalent
         | Darling[0] seems to still has some way to go until GUI programs
         | are reliably supported.
         | 
         | [0] https://github.com/darlinghq/darling
        
           | schleck8 wrote:
           | You can also dualboot a linux distro and windows
        
           | sickcodebruh wrote:
           | If you're open to switching to Reaper, it's my understanding
           | that their Linux version is coming along well. I've read good
           | things about it plus LinVST. Of course, I'm also unwilling to
           | test this myself and I'll probably run MacOS until the day I
           | stop making music.
        
             | declnz wrote:
             | Reaper on Linux is really quite impressive IMO
        
             | pmoriarty wrote:
             | I use Renoise and Ardour as my DAWs on Linux.
             | 
             | Bitwig (which has an Ableton-like interface, and was made
             | by Ableton developers) is also available for Linux.
        
           | Akepa wrote:
           | Bitwig is the best Linux DAW in my experience, although it
           | isn't FOSS. Running third party VSTs is also much more of a
           | pain if even possible. I'm also stuck with Logic... for now
           | at least.
        
             | sph wrote:
             | IIRC Bitwig was founded by ex-Ableton developers. I haven't
             | tried it yet, but that's good pedigree.
        
             | zambal wrote:
             | It guess it depends a lot on personal preferences and
             | expectations, but I'm very content with my Bitwig setup on
             | Linux. There are obviously a lot less native third party
             | VST plugins available on Linux, so if you already own lots
             | of them and want to make a switch that could be a problem,
             | but if you're just starting out, there's more than enough
             | available:
             | 
             | https://www.kvraudio.com/plugins/linux/vst-plugins
        
               | bodge5000 wrote:
               | yeh plugins ended up being a big thing for me, but in the
               | end I decided I'd rather be free to use whatever OS I
               | want to use rather than keep valhalla shimmer.
               | 
               | Can be a bit of a pain migrating from windows though if
               | you have loads of previous projects, all expecting to
               | find a specific vst in a specific place. Thats why I'm
               | dual booting windows for now.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | I am working more on Linux these days because I am too tight to
         | upgrade from 12Gb RAM, and that seems like not enough to do dev
         | work in Windows, but an endless bounty to do the same on Linux.
         | 
         | Also rm -rf being instant is a big win (I know it probably
         | isn't under the hood but I don't care, as a user I can get on
         | with my day).
         | 
         | Also another nice suprise - I can get photos off my iPhone
         | without it screwing up. Not possible on Windows. I can get the
         | original DCIM images in the weird iPhone format (which is
         | perfectly viewable in Linux too) and I can access all the
         | hidden files to the extend iPhone makes them avilable.
         | 
         | I am really liking the experience. I am not into 'hacking' and
         | just want it to get out the way and make it easy for me to
         | install stuff and use it, so I go with Ubuntu.
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | > Also rm -rf being instant is a big win (I know it probably
           | isn't under the hood but I don't care, as a user I can get on
           | with my day).
           | 
           | Oh it actually is. It's just that Windows is dog slow at
           | handling files (as opposed to their contents), for a
           | multitude of reasons (I understand that there actually has
           | been a little bit of work in recent years on some of these
           | issues to improve performance for WSL and git).
        
         | nicce wrote:
         | > I personally prefer Linux, but what's holding me are the
         | streaming services (netflix, amazon, etc), I can only watch SD
         | content if I'm on Linux, so my second opinion is macOS, I can
         | watch at least in a decent resolution and also their notebooks
         | are the best ones out there (the air is amazing between price,
         | performance and battery life) for my use case, that's also
         | work.
         | 
         | I would not choose operating system based on this. Instead, if
         | you can afford, you could buy for example Apple TV as separate
         | box which is not too expensive, has great quality for video and
         | audio. But I guess there might be a chance that you want to
         | watch on higher quality on other places than your home as well.
         | For that, I have personally just used Windows sandbox.
        
         | innocenat wrote:
         | I have been using Linux for several years, but I am going back
         | to Windows myself.
         | 
         | I vastly prefer Linux, but I need LINE (a messenger app popular
         | in some Asia countries). Their Linux app (actually a Chrome
         | extension) stopped getting new features 5 years ago. That's
         | kinda THE deal-breaker for me.
         | 
         | Another minor reason is Dropbox Smart Sync. I can use Selective
         | Sync, but having smart sync is of course better.
         | 
         | (I would rather Windows than macOS)
        
         | devinprater wrote:
         | What's holding me back is accessibility. See [Linux
         | Accessibility: an unmaintained
         | mess](https://medium.com/@r.d.t.prater/linux-accessibility-an-
         | unma...).
        
         | gmadsen wrote:
         | music production. 3d modeling, gaming.
         | 
         | a lot of commercial software just doesn't have support for
         | linux.
         | 
         | for regular use and a lot of my personal programming, I use
         | linux, but it just isn't feasible to be 100% depending what you
         | need
        
         | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
         | That's kind of bonkers to me that Netflix don't support HD/4K
         | on Linux. Considering the number of random porn site players
         | that play HD just fine...
         | 
         | What's holding them up besides laziness?
        
           | ntkachov wrote:
           | DRM and Content contracts. They can't just throw 4k into an
           | unsecured environment because they need to make a best effort
           | to enforce that their 4k content isn't pirated.
        
             | somehnguy wrote:
             | Which is absurd because literally anything Netflix has can
             | be downloaded in 4K from the usual places anyway.
             | 
             | Not disagreeing with you, just pointing out their faulty
             | reasoning.
        
             | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
             | I'm sure that is the reason, but I find it hard to believe
             | that ripping content could possibly be that much harder
             | just because you're on Windows.
             | 
             | And Netflix exclusives regularly make it to pirate sites in
             | 4K afaik?
        
               | 323 wrote:
               | Windows/Apple have special APIs which allow video
               | decrypting to be done on the GPU. And the GPU will not
               | allow you to access the decrypted video surface.
               | 
               | This is why you can't screenshot Netflix on Windows/Apple
               | - the region where the video is will be black.
        
               | jotm wrote:
               | It's not. If you can see it, you can copy it. It just
               | makes life harder for a small number of legitimate users
               | on Linux or rooted Android phones because their
               | license/contract says they need to use DRM.
        
               | NoGravitas wrote:
               | > And Netflix exclusives regularly make it to pirate
               | sites in 4K afaik?
               | 
               | Yes, generally the day of release.
        
           | wslh wrote:
           | Market size? Also people consume Netflix via TVs.
        
           | raziel2p wrote:
           | Possibly their logic is that a Linux 4k player would more
           | easily allow third party Netflix clients to be developed,
           | because Linux software is more easily reverse engineered?
           | Maybe their DRM is different for different kernels and
           | different resolutions and they don't want to maintain an
           | extra codebase? Really not sure, seems absurd to me as well.
        
           | kuschku wrote:
           | It's entirely DRM. On Windows you only get HDR/4K if you use
           | the native _silverlight /UWP_ (!) app with their DRM. Part of
           | that is that _all_ your monitors have to pass validation, not
           | just the one on which netflix is playing.
        
             | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
             | Hah, I thought Silverlight was dead years ago, but I don't
             | keep up with Windows tech at all.
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | Silverlight is long dead, the poster was mistaken:
               | https://help.netflix.com/en/node/2090
        
               | kuschku wrote:
               | Yes and no. That post is about the plugin, but
               | silverlight the standalone application framework is now
               | just part of UWP (and this is about the netflix
               | standalone app after all)
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | Ok, but the the standalone application is still not
               | required for 4K. You can watch Netflix in 4K using Edge
               | on Windows or Safari on Mac.
        
               | kuschku wrote:
               | You're right, edge is supported again (during the
               | migration from old edge to new edge it was unsupported
               | for a while). I totally missed that, although it doesn't
               | change anything regarding linux support.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Funny thing is, on an older Mac, If you try to run
               | Netflix with the most current supported version of
               | Safari, they redirect you to a page about Microsoft
               | Silverlight[1]. If you don't read that page carefully,
               | you might conclude you need Silverlight to use Netflix,
               | which, of course, 404's when you go try to find it.
               | Totally broken experience. I encountered this recently
               | and had to download Microsoft Edge for Mac.
               | 
               | I'm not sure if I should be more irritated with Netflix,
               | who can't be bothered to maintain backwards compatibility
               | with not-that-old browsers, or Apple, who can't be
               | bothered to get newer versions of Safari to work on older
               | Mac hardware. Both companies are displaying a total
               | disregard for paying customers who just don't happen to
               | have the latest expensive hardware.
               | 
               | 1: https://help.netflix.com/en/node/2090
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | acomjean wrote:
         | I haven't noticed or didn't care that the content was in SD on
         | Linux. I was pretty happy it worked. Use a Roku for streaming
         | HD to the tv for the few things I watch there.
         | 
         | There is a weird "wildvine" plugin thing that chrome and
         | Firefox use for video drm for some services. I think that
         | enables video.
         | 
         | Linux seems to be the only OS that is respectful of the user.
         | 
         | But desktop Linux has come really far. It my daily driver on my
         | home machine and I'm switching to it at work (or cluster is
         | Linux anyway). I'm hardly a sys admin type and it's been
         | working great for me the past few years. Even steam works on
         | Linux now.
        
           | ridgered4 wrote:
           | Yeah, I see this repeated a lot but I haven't really noticed
           | a difference. Maybe I'm just not picky on the topic. But my
           | understanding was it was never traditional SD, but 720p.
           | 
           | Regardless, I use firefox and Amazon, Disney+, Netflix, HBO
           | Max all work reliably for me. I believe there was a period
           | were a couple of them didn't work for a month or two on linux
           | when they came out but I wasn't subscribed to them then and
           | they've always worked for me.
        
             | formerly_proven wrote:
             | Quality on streaming services isn't good anyway, and
             | depending on the exact hardware and devices you have
             | connected you won't get "HD" on Windows, either.
        
         | neoberg wrote:
         | For work I use Macos because that is the only option I have for
         | several reasons; and I also like it. For gaming and media
         | consumption, there is no HDR support on Linux and there won't
         | be in the foreseeable future. So, Windows there.
        
           | ronjouch wrote:
           | Also: even if Linux gaming is getting better everyday thanks
           | to lots of work by contributors and companies (Valve,
           | Codeweavers, hey even Nvidia recently, etc), as a developer I
           | get to do enough software spelunking at work, and I'm
           | supremely happy to pay the small cost of periodically dealing
           | with MS bullshit.
           | 
           | The small cost of dealing with $ms_bullshit_du_jour is a
           | periodical { 1. sigh, 2. find & run some PowerShell snippet
           | to uninstall or disable the bullshit, 3. be done with it till
           | next time } sequence, but the large benefit is the guarantee
           | to be running games on the de-facto standard platform where
           | they are end-to-end tested by the game devs/QA !
           | 
           | Games are complexity beasts by nature, and I have high
           | fidelity & stability expectations; I don't want an extra
           | source of trouble. (Yes, even if I would absolutely prefer to
           | run games on Linux! All my other machines run Linux)! Until
           | Steam{OS, Deck} gets enough usage to be routinely tested by
           | 90% of the games shipping on Steam, both AAA & indies, for me
           | Linux gaming is a case of _" I would absolutely love to, but
           | for now, thanks / no thanks"_ .
        
             | Zhyl wrote:
             | Sales of steam deck seem to imply another 1-2M units, which
             | would increase Linux marketshare to more than 2%. It's not
             | ridiculous to suggest that developers may test for Linux in
             | the near to medium term.
        
         | GiorgioG wrote:
         | I tried running Pop OS for the last 3 weeks on my desktop
         | machine. It's got 90% of the polish I expect from a UI/IX -
         | which I can live with. I sadly switched back to Windows
         | yesterday because I couldn't solve the following problem: I use
         | Remote Desktop to get into my work machine - I have a 4K
         | monitor and I couldn't get the scaling to work the way I
         | expected with Remmina or freerdp clients. I had hidpi scaling
         | enabled (150%) in Pop OS, but whenever I would connect to a
         | remote session it would connect at 2560x1440 which made text
         | ever so slightly fuzzy. The only way I could get the behavior I
         | expected was to disable hidpi in PopOS, but then everything is
         | too small.
        
           | schmuelio wrote:
           | I've found remote desktop a pain as well.
           | 
           | On the occasion where I _have_ to use it I don't set it to
           | fullscreen, just have it as a floating app at whatever
           | resolution I care for. Then I just deal with the lower real-
           | estate for however much time I need to be using it.
           | 
           | Nearly all of my remote work is SSH or SSHfs-based now, which
           | (if you're used to terminal stuff) is so much nicer than any
           | equivalent I've found on Windows.
        
           | redshirtrob wrote:
           | Disclaimer: I know nothing about Windows or RDP.
           | 
           | I was just on a developer group call the other day where
           | another developer from another organization was having weird
           | scaling issues RDPing into the vendor's sandbox. The solution
           | was to adjust some buried registry setting on the remote
           | machine, not fiddle with the local machine. Unfortunately I
           | paid little attention to the details as I rarely RDP and when
           | I do I can tolerate display issues.
           | 
           | I realize this is super vague, but it was so fresh in my
           | brain I had to respond. Maybe someone who actually knows
           | something can provide actual details.
        
             | GiorgioG wrote:
             | I've tried fiddling with host and remote, was unable to get
             | a satisfactory result.
        
         | agent008t wrote:
         | Linux still has horrible font rendering, which makes web
         | browsing uncomfortable. It doesn't come close to Windows or
         | Mac. Fonts often appear soapy, kerning is off etc.
        
           | windexh8er wrote:
           | This may have been true in the past but I spend my day
           | swivel-chairing between a current-gen MBP and a Debian
           | derivative running Cinnamon. Both displays are the same and I
           | don't find that the Mac is better. Maybe I'm less critical
           | than others.
           | 
           | What's interesting is the MBP handles external displays
           | horribly with the current version of OS X. Lid closure is a
           | crap shoot on what the device decides to do.
        
           | declnz wrote:
           | I disagree. Which "Linux" are you even talking about? (it's
           | not the Kernel that's relevant here of course)
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | Is it _really_ as bad as you make it out to be? I 've got
           | everything at home: old non-retina MacBook Airs running OS X,
           | a M1/retina MacBook Air running OS X, Windows (well, wife's
           | computer) and then Linux laptops and desktops.
           | 
           | Fonts on my main Linux "workstation" may not be as perfect as
           | on the M1 Mac I use from the couch but it's because my 38"
           | monitor ain't retina and it's a far cry from making "browsing
           | uncomfortable".
           | 
           | Yes, many of the CSS stacks (even for the big sites which
           | really should know better) are totally broken when it comes
           | to Linux (they don't list enough fonts that various distro
           | will have by default, they list fonts that many distro will
           | _not_ have by default and unsurprisingly end up defaulting to
           | shitty fonts) and as soon as one site started using that one
           | CSS stack, they all started the copy /pasta. But I wouldn't
           | go as far as saying that browsing on Linux is
           | "uncomfortable": many people do that on a daily basis and are
           | perfectly happy.
           | 
           | Also not _all_ websites have broken CSS font stacks for
           | Linux. Some saw the light.
        
             | thothamon wrote:
             | I have Ubuntu running in Parallels on an iMac, retina
             | display, and the Ubuntu fonts seem noticeably less "nice"
             | to look at than the Mac. Now, I didn't take the Pepsi
             | Challenge here, i.e. a blind test, so it might just be
             | internal bias -- but to me, the Mac fonts are noticeably
             | better.
        
             | Terretta wrote:
             | > _Is it really as bad as you make it out to be?_
             | 
             | Yes.
             | 
             | > _my 38 " monitor ain't retina ... perfectly happy_
             | 
             | Put another way, either you are not visually discerning or
             | your bar is lower.
             | 
             |  _/ / Since "FHD" laptops, and monitors <4K, are still a
             | thing, you are not alone._
        
               | scroot wrote:
               | I have to agree here. Font rendering in Linux is across
               | the board noticeably worse than macOS. I still can't
               | quite understand why.
        
               | TacticalCoder wrote:
               | Agree with what? That's not the original point. The
               | original point was that Linux font rendering _" doesn't
               | come close to Windows or Mac"_.
               | 
               | You're all shifting the goalpost.
               | 
               | Nobody is saying that fonts on a retina display on OS X
               | do not look better than fonts on a non-retina display on
               | Linux.
               | 
               | What we're disputing is that fonts rendering on Linux is
               | so bad that it's "uncomfortable".
               | 
               | Now we may have a discussion as to whether everybody
               | should be using retina display or not but that'd be
               | another topic.
        
               | scroot wrote:
               | I have a 2012 MBP and two other machines running Linux.
               | I'm not talking about retina displays at all (I don't
               | have one). The rendering difference is noticeable.
               | "Uncomfortable" is exactly the word I would use.
        
               | TacticalCoder wrote:
               | I think you misunderstood me. I've actually worked in
               | print. I've written and typeset more books than I can
               | count using professional DTP software (and LaTeX too). I
               | know a thing or two about fonts.
               | 
               | I do _not_ expect a non-retina display to display fonts
               | as beautifully as a retina display, just to make things
               | clear.
               | 
               | What I'm saying is that fonts under Linux aren't bad to
               | the point of being uncomfortable.
               | 
               | And just to make it clear: I've got Windows and Linux, on
               | non-retina displays, showing the same sites. Linux ain't
               | worse.
               | 
               | There's a big difference between saying: _" Retina
               | displays are better than non retina ones"_ and saying: _"
               | Linux font sucks"_.
               | 
               | Yup: not everyone is on 4K / retina display. We know
               | that. It doesn't make font rendering on Linux broken.
        
               | Terretta wrote:
               | Since you bring it up, my second sysadmin gig was head of
               | systems for a printing company, late 80s - early 90s,
               | where I brought them into the digital typesetting era. So
               | I also know more than a thing or two about fonts.
               | 
               | But I suspect you bringing it up, and me responding to
               | it, doesn't make either position more authoritative. And
               | given _"I've written more books than I can count"_ it
               | could be your discernment of numbers or bar for
               | objectively counting things is lower. ;-)
               | 
               | About retina vs. non retina, I'd argue font rendering
               | algos matter more the less resolution they're working
               | with, so are even more important on non-retina displays.
               | I'd further argue MacOS regressed on this by killing off
               | sub-pixel rendering in Mojave, effectively dropping
               | support for non-retina.
               | 
               | On low quality displays, Windows and Linux could/should
               | look better than MacOS. When they don't, they're "doing
               | it wrong".
        
           | skhr0680 wrote:
           | When I used Gnome3 on a HiDPI notebook fonts looked fine once
           | I switched my interface font to a newer Helvetica and turned
           | all of the system font smoothing feature off
        
           | dymax78 wrote:
           | That's an interesting perspective. Certainly not saying
           | you're wrong. I found the font on Windows (note: Windows 10)
           | unbearable despite deploying a plethora of "tweaks" and
           | "fixes", and wasn't content until I made the the switch to
           | Linux & MAC (home and work, respectively.) edit: Noto Sans or
           | Futura BK Book for Interface & Document, Hack Regular for
           | Monospace.
        
           | NoGravitas wrote:
           | My experience with font rendering on Linux is that it's
           | _much_ better than on Windows, on comparable displays. I have
           | _fought_ with my Windows station at work to get acceptable
           | font rendering for anything but the optimized-for-ClearType
           | system fonts, but font rendering on Linux is great, and if
           | you have different preferences, there are adequate levers to
           | adjust it (via, e.g., GNOME Tweak Tool).
           | 
           | (In particular, I get color banding and inconsistent weights
           | in Windows, especially with thin fonts.)
        
           | dijit wrote:
           | Linux can have crappy font rendering.
           | 
           | I can also have gorgeous font rendering. I would mess around
           | with some live distros to see what you prefer.
           | 
           | This is how my comment looks to me (on linux):
           | https://i.imgur.com/wvruFyX.png
        
             | ntoskrnl wrote:
             | Look at the last word, "linux". In both the "n" and "u",
             | the left stem is thin and crisp, but the right stem is
             | thick and blurry. Maybe it doesn't bother you, but I
             | couldn't put up with that if I were using it all day.
             | 
             | You're right about trying different distros. Manjaro+Gnome
             | does much better IMO: https://i.imgur.com/kiLDWzJ.png
        
             | sinsterizme wrote:
             | Hmm not sure if it's the quality of the image or the font,
             | but that might prove his point, that looks quite bad.
        
               | mongol wrote:
               | Is not subpixel rendering of fonts impossible to
               | illustrate unless you sit down in front of the same
               | monitor (or at least similar hardware)
        
               | deno wrote:
               | Yes, doesn't have to be the same monitor but it needs to
               | have the same subpixel orientation and you need to have
               | the same resolution or 2x resolution and scale 50% so it
               | pixel aligns.
               | 
               | If you look at those screenshots on a 4K display they're
               | incredibly blurry because all you're looking at is your
               | browser doing image scaling optimized for photographs.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | How does it look for you?
        
               | NoGravitas wrote:
               | It's both. The image compression makes it not perfect,
               | and it's also a monospaced font, which makes it
               | impossible to say anything about the kerning.
        
             | shawnz wrote:
             | That seems pretty terrible to me, even discounting the fact
             | that it's monospace (I use monospace for editing too).
             | Especially notice how the letters have inconsistent
             | thicknesses, sometimes thicker on the left vs the right or
             | vice versa, sometimes even different thicknesses depending
             | on where they appear in the sentence (e.g. look at the 'n')
        
             | blacktulip wrote:
             | I hope the blurriness is because of image compression.
             | Because if it is not, the rendering is really bad here.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | Hrm, looks fine to me; this is how windows looks through
               | the same compression: https://i.imgur.com/JRt9aIo.png
        
               | cyberpunk wrote:
               | Wow, everyone is different I guess. That looks awful to
               | me. I would go mad if I had to use that.
        
             | neoberg wrote:
             | It looks very bad tbh. This is how my comment looks on Mac
             | for comparison. Uploading to imgur to test if there is
             | compression in play here. https://i.imgur.com/hSirmx6.png
        
               | deno wrote:
               | You're either using 200% scaling or browser zoom because
               | I had to scale your image by 50% on a 4K display for it
               | to look 100% sized. This is apples-oranges.
               | 
               | And if you're looking at those other screenshots on a 4K
               | display then you need to also zoom to 50% and get your
               | eyes close the the display, otherwise you're just seeing
               | the results of an image scaling algorithm, which will
               | indeed look terrible.
               | 
               | Here is Fedora/KDE/Flatpak/Firefox with default settings
               | at 4K resolution and 100% browser zoom for comparison:
               | 
               | https://i.imgur.com/s3ynhuj.png
               | 
               | Also with my preferred browser zoom:
               | https://i.imgur.com/9PXDbxY.png
               | 
               | For the above images you'll need to zoom 50% on a 4K
               | display, because PNG image files do not carry pixel
               | density metadata. If you have 1080p display then you have
               | to keep 100% zoom and sit far away instead.
        
               | neoberg wrote:
               | no I'm not using any zoom or extra scaling. It's the
               | native scaling of mbp retina display. Screenshot is ~2
               | times bigger than what I actually see.
               | 
               | edit: your second screenshot looks very sharp and nice on
               | my display.
        
               | deno wrote:
               | Retina display is at least 200% or more scaling, right?
               | You're comparing hires text rendering to lowres.
               | Screenshot is 2x bigger because browser doesn't know
               | about pixel density and scales it 2x by default. It does
               | the same to those low res screenshots so they look normal
               | sized on 4K but they're blurry because they're being
               | image scaled.
               | 
               | See: https://johankj.github.io/devicePixelRatio/
               | 
               | If you see more than 1 at 100% zoom you have resolution
               | scaling. Try browser zooming to 50% or 200%.
        
               | neoberg wrote:
               | Yes retina display is 2x. But saying a display is 4k
               | doesn't tell anything about its pixel density or scaling.
               | 
               | I look at the original commenters screenshot at 50%
               | browser scaling but it's still blurry. I guess there is
               | an element of image compression there.
               | 
               | On the other hand; from my own experience (I own linux,
               | macos and windows pcs) on the same display Macos text
               | rendering is much more sharper and pleasant to look at.
        
               | deno wrote:
               | > Yes retina display is 2x. But saying a display is 4k
               | doesn't tell anything about its pixel density or scaling.
               | 
               | I mean with fractional scaling where 1 <
               | devicePixelRation < 2 you're doing it wrong and
               | everything will look bad anyway, so I just assumed
               | integer scaling. And 4K @100% is unusable anyway.
               | 
               | But more to the point you can't easily display those
               | screenshots with different fractional scaling without
               | pixel grid misalignment.
               | 
               | > On the other hand; from my own experience (I own linux,
               | macos and windows pcs) on the same display Macos text
               | rendering is much more sharper and pleasant to look at.
               | 
               | On hires displays (devicePixelRatio >= 2) you're probably
               | just comparing default fonts. And on lowres display
               | (devicePixelRatio = 1) OSX is much much worse than
               | Windows's Cleartype, it's not even a contest.
               | 
               | Linux was always able to be as good as Windows on lowres
               | displays, just was held back by patents, so the Freetype
               | defaults used to suck, and you had to configure it
               | yourself for the full effect.
               | 
               | Idk if it's any better nowadays, 4K display are so cheap
               | and ubiquitous that I really don't get why anyone would
               | buy anything else, except I guess gamers. But with all
               | those AI scaling technologies (FSR 2.0 etc.) hopefully
               | 1440p is on the way out.
        
               | sph wrote:
               | Not bad for me on Fedora 36 Wayland, 2x scaling and no
               | hinting, like God intended.
               | 
               | https://imgur.com/a/ZFTwW6A
               | 
               | This is as good as macOS' rendering as I've ever seen on
               | any other machine, and I'm really fastidious about my
               | fonts. It's really easy to achieve:
               | 
               | 1. Install Fedora
               | 
               | 2. In GNOME Tweaks, disable font hinting. Looks good only
               | on HiDPI screens, this is why it's not default. If you're
               | not on Fedora, change all fonts to Noto because they're
               | much higher quality.
               | 
               | 3. Optional: copy the Windows and macOS fonts to avoid
               | the crappy "lookalike" replacements. The screenshot above
               | uses Verdana straight from a Windows 10 installation,
               | which is exactly what's requested by HN's stylesheet.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | interestingly I much prefer mine. :\
               | 
               | I guess font rendering is very subjective.
        
               | Terretta wrote:
               | Setting aside font selection and looking at rendering,
               | yours is softer around the edges which may subjectively
               | feel pleasant when looking at it as an image but is
               | objectively worse for reading.
        
               | unhammer wrote:
               | https://i.imgur.com/ptUyCn0.png another linux screenshot
               | fwiw
        
             | grecy wrote:
             | That honestly looks like something from a laptop in 1998. I
             | haven't seen a screen that bad in a very long time.
        
             | donatj wrote:
             | The kerning on your screenshot is very chunky. In
             | particular look at the kerning on the lower case r's in
             | your screenshot. The r is given way too much horizontal
             | space particularly to it's right, especially so in the word
             | "crappy".
        
               | skhr0680 wrote:
               | I think it's a monospace font, which makes the keming
               | look bad
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | AH, that's because I'm using a monospace font for
               | editing, normal pages use the normal font:
               | https://i.imgur.com/otqaSTa.png
        
               | eterm wrote:
               | That looks horrible to me too, perhaps I'm used to
               | windows but the word "comment" sticks out to me there as
               | particularly bad.
        
               | sph wrote:
               | It's not even the right font, unless you're using custom
               | CSS. The Hacker News stylesheet calls for "Verdana,
               | Geneva, sans-serif", and your PC renders a serif font
               | instead. Something's wrong with your fontconfig setup.
               | 
               | What's your distro?
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | I'm using Archlinux and/or Gentoo.
               | 
               | Fontconfig is working fine but Verdana is a Microsoft
               | font and Geneva is a Apple font.
               | 
               | My font fallback for sans-serif is DejaVu Serif.
        
               | sph wrote:
               | The font fallback for sans-serif should be DejaVu Sans,
               | not Serif. I didn't have any issue last time I used Arch.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | sph wrote:
             | That screenshot is not very good at all, and I'm on Linux
             | myself. You're just a few tweaks away from better
             | rendering.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | Willing to be wrong of course, I suspect that what I'm
               | seeing and what others are seeing are quite different.
               | 
               | Perhaps there's a component of how the LCD is presenting
               | it involved? to me my font is extremely uniform and sharp
               | with no bleeding or blurring.
               | 
               | What tweaks do you have? I used to run X11 and ran the
               | gamut of x11 based font rendering tweaks (example of how
               | my old machine looked: https://i.imgur.com/J9biJsW.png )
               | 
               | But with sway/wayland I have much less ability to change
               | things.
        
               | sph wrote:
               | This screenshot looks better than the other of yours, but
               | honestly I think it's more due how how antialiasing is
               | rendered there vs in your Firefox screenshot.
               | 
               | Additionally, for ages Linux had shipped with Full
               | hinting, which means distorting the font so straight
               | lines are always on integer pixel boundaries, which looks
               | atrocious. These days distros like Fedora use Light
               | hinting, which is a little better, and in my opinion No
               | hinting looks best, which is what macOS does, but on a
               | low DPI screen means having blurry font. So on low DPI
               | screens you have the choice between distorted but clean
               | fonts, or undistorted blurry fonts.
               | 
               | I don't know about sway, in my case I'm using Fedora with
               | 2x scaling, so I have the option of disabling hinting and
               | avoiding distortion.
        
         | rob_c wrote:
         | > I personally prefer Linux, but what's holding me are the
         | streaming services
         | 
         | Yes but then these turn off, drop the content you were watching
         | with little/no warning and are unreliable. Buy physical media
         | while you can at least then you have a licence to watch it when
         | you please until the media degrades. (Or better in the
         | territories which allow for backing up across media formats)
        
           | indymike wrote:
           | I've never had a problem watching streaming stuff on Linux.
        
             | norman784 wrote:
             | It might be changed? I remember back in 2020 when I wanted
             | to watch something I was dual booting to windows, because
             | Amazon was streaming at 720p and Netflix 1080p, so the only
             | option to watch in a good resolution UHD was an OS that has
             | a browser with a signed DRM system.
        
             | rob_c wrote:
             | True, it's a problem that money solves. But frankly I'd
             | rather keep the money as I'm content rewatching my
             | favourite shows off disk.
        
         | hdjjhhvvhga wrote:
         | I "solved" this issue by connecting a macbook to my TV so that
         | I can use all streaming platforms without any problem, and I
         | use a separate machine for work. And I prefer to keep it this
         | way.
        
         | MrMan wrote:
         | I use ubuntu or mint on my computers and stream on a roku. MY
         | DAW runs on a different computing running Mac OS.
        
         | dtx1 wrote:
         | Or just pay 5$ for a VPN instead of 20$ for netflix&co and
         | pirate everything. Suddently the OS stops mattering. What was
         | the point of netflix blocking HQ Streams for linux users? To
         | prevent piracy? How ironic
        
           | neoberg wrote:
           | There is always a way. But convenience is also important and
           | time is valuable. So instead of just clicking on a title on
           | Netflix, we should instal & maintain a server and search for
           | content on torrents?
        
             | dtx1 wrote:
             | There are fully integrated solutions for kodi. Sure there's
             | some setup but the alternative is paying a lot more for low
             | res content on linux.
        
               | neoberg wrote:
               | Yeah that and many more convenience reasons are why
               | people like me don't prefer to use linux on desktop. Also
               | even if you have your setup, not being able to view hdr
               | content at all on linux is a big turn off for me
               | personally.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | heywoodlh wrote:
         | I use Linux (primarily NixOS and Arch) for most things. I like
         | MacOS for work, too, though.
         | 
         | The _one_ thing I keep Windows for is gaming. More specifically
         | for game streaming. Steam Link works okay (and is cross
         | platform), but I haven 't seen anything as performant and meets
         | my needs as much as Nvidia Gamestream (Windows-only for server-
         | side streaming). I use Moonlight to connect to it. I haven't
         | found any alternatives that work as well that are also
         | available for Linux.
         | 
         | I wish there were a game streaming application (open source
         | preferably) as performant as Gamestream that worked as well on
         | Linux.
        
         | bodge5000 wrote:
         | > macOS also talks to a lot of servers and collect telemetry as
         | Windows, maybe in a different scale, so isn't an alternative if
         | you are worried about your data being collected
         | 
         | Sorry to go off topic, but can anyone expand on this? I don't
         | use MacOS but have been thinking about it, I always thought
         | they were a significant improvement over windows (even if not
         | quite as good as linux)
        
       | rob_c wrote:
       | That escalated quickly... Being in a developed part of the world
       | thats not getting in the way of the product functioning but I
       | feel sorry for those who don't have a reliable connectivity
       | and/or good bandwidth
        
       | tmdh wrote:
       | Is there any way to block connection to these sites with DNS or
       | something?
        
         | mimotomo wrote:
         | https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Service-Navi/Publikationen/Studie...
         | (in German, but some documents are in English).
         | 
         | Not at all.
        
         | pierrebarre wrote:
         | Shameless plug: https://github.com/Barre/privaxy
         | 
         | It can be easily configured to block any host or path.
        
         | ok123456 wrote:
         | It's not a general solution for an office. I tried this and
         | people couldn't install Office because some of the same servers
         | for telemetry are used for activation.
        
         | jve wrote:
         | You don't want to block all of that. CLR checking (else your
         | apps may become slow to start) and windows updates (else you
         | may become vulnerable) should be enabled.
         | 
         | Someone else has some suggestions?
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | Having CRL/OCSP getting blocked on corporate networks is one
           | of those things I have to commonly troubleshoot. You can get
           | some weird timeouts and failures in applications that can be
           | fun.
           | 
           | For example an internal app starts up fine and works, but
           | then can't connect to github. Instead of showing cert errors,
           | I've had ones show errors that make it appear that you may
           | have a DNS problem or that the connection to github itself
           | was broken.
        
           | prmoustache wrote:
           | If I was still using windows I would totally block everything
           | and run a wsus server in a VM that has a vlan and firewall
           | config.
           | 
           | The issue is you can only control your firewall at home.
           | Whenever you are out you are pretty sure that MS and Apple
           | bypass any rule you'd put on the local firewall.
           | 
           | I prefer running sane operating systems.
        
             | jve wrote:
             | Pretty sure your sane OS makes calls to CRL/OCSP lists to
             | validate cert revocation. Many of the calls in that list do
             | just that.
        
         | walkingby111723 wrote:
         | Install free Comodo Internet Security.
         | 
         | Disable DNS cache service so that all your apps resolve DNS
         | themselves (can only be done via the registry, change the
         | service's startup type from 2 (auto) to 4 (disabled)).
         | 
         | In CIS, create a new group for all files under c:/windows.
         | 
         | Create a rule denying all in/out requests to that group.
         | 
         | Create a rule allowing only DHCP and NTP requests
         | (255.255.255.255:67 and <whatever-timeserver-you-trust>:123)
         | for svchost.exe (place that rule above the one for c:/windows
         | to ensure precedence).
         | 
         | Use third-party utilities instead of the likes of ping.exe,
         | e.g. hrping.
         | 
         | Refer to CIS documentation in case of any troubles.
         | 
         | Enjoy your privacy-hardened windows.
        
           | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
           | take it with two tablespoons of salt if someone who avoids
           | the onboard ping tool claims there are no ill effect of
           | blocking all network connections of OS components except DHCP
           | and NTP. This recommendation will cripple windows features
           | and your enjoyment may vary. _(breaking updates, breaking
           | crls, breaking active directory integration, breaking office
           | integration, breaking push notifications, breaking companion
           | app integration, ... and so on)_
        
             | ccbccccbbcccbb wrote:
             | No problem updating windows via WSUS offline community
             | edition
             | https://gitlab.com/wsusoffline/wsusoffline/-/releases
             | 
             | And please elaborate what's the ill effect using a third-
             | party ping tool?
        
               | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
               | you misunderstood the reference: "this" was meant to mean
               | the recommendation in the parent post. I edited my post
               | to be clearer.
               | 
               | concerning the intentional breaking of the windows
               | updater and then using a third party update tool: such
               | workarounds don't make the recommendation less bad. The
               | question is: why break the onboard updater in the first
               | place? And all those other features? Sure you have an
               | alternative to office365 and to onedrive and live without
               | the companion app is possible and happy, and maybe you
               | even have a third party crl updater as well and a
               | workaround for the side effects of blocking oscp.
               | 
               | But honestly if you want to replace everything because
               | microsoft is bad and can't be trusted, then start by
               | replacing the kernel.
        
               | ccbccccbbcccbb wrote:
               | > The question is: why break the onboard updater in the
               | first place? And all those other features?
               | 
               | Because none of those features are irreplaceable and/or
               | crucial to run a perfectly fine workstation.
               | 
               | > if you want to replace everything because microsoft is
               | bad and can't be trusted, then start by replacing the
               | kernel.
               | 
               | Unless Windows kernel phones home over some covert
               | physical channel which is undetectable by tools like
               | Wireshark running on a separate gateway (and secretly
               | supported by all routers in existence), there's
               | absolutely zero need to replace the kernel when all said
               | phoning home can be stopped with a properly configured
               | firewall.
        
           | walkingby111723 wrote:
        
           | walkingby111723 wrote:
        
         | Jamie9912 wrote:
         | I doubt you'll have a working operating system if you were to
         | block all of those Hosts
        
           | temac wrote:
           | Windows works (nearly) fine if you block all connections
           | except those from the "Core Networking" group.
           | 
           | Of course you won't have access to some services in that
           | case, like Windows Update, etc. One particular weird thing I
           | have noticed is that the process that checks CRL on behalf on
           | others is LSASS. So basically you have some extra tuning to
           | do to get a system to your liking if using just the Windows
           | Firewall, after you block everything but "Core Networking"
           | (and programs you want to authorise), but it looks
           | reasonable. I would suggest saving the initial state before
           | you go that route, though.
           | 
           | If you trace connections you will find funny things, like
           | cl.exe phoning home.
        
           | what-the-grump wrote:
           | You would be fine, Microsoft allows and supports fully air
           | gapped deployments and no internet connectivity deployments.
           | 
           | Yank your internet cord out and start windows.
        
         | quaintdev wrote:
         | AdGuardHome or PiHole should be able to block this.
        
         | naeq wrote:
         | Henry++ Simplewall https://www.henrypp.org/product/simplewall
        
           | terlisimo wrote:
           | This looks neat, I'll check it out.
           | 
           | I'm currently using Binisoft (now Malware Bytes) Windows
           | Firewall Control to block unwanted traffic. I'm quite happy
           | with it.
           | 
           | The amount of traffic that it regularly blocks is insane.
           | Windows and installed apps constantly want to chat with their
           | cloud friends.
        
         | temac wrote:
         | You can probably configure the firewall to block.
        
       | lizardactivist wrote:
       | And they assure you it's all safe, secure, and private.
        
         | hulitu wrote:
         | They are protecting your privacy. It's written right there in
         | the start page of Edge.
        
       | feintruled wrote:
       | I recently helped a friend de-cruft their slow as molasses
       | laptop, and as ever was struck how Windows is always freaking
       | DOING shit. It's sitting there seemingly idle, but the start bar
       | takes 5 seconds to open. You open task manager and it's grinding
       | away at network, grinding away at CPU, grinding away at disc, all
       | via opaquely named processes. The bloody thing is relentless.
        
         | jpalomaki wrote:
         | Based on my experience, I blame the 3rd party stuff. All kinds
         | of software and devices just love to add background processes
         | to the system.
         | 
         | I guess this is the price you pay for system where everything
         | is possible.
        
           | feintruled wrote:
           | I'm sure it doesn't help, but even with all that stuff
           | disabled it's bad. svchost.exe's mysterious machinations,
           | windows updates, superfetch (or whatever they call it now),
           | one drive syncing, malware checking, app updates, it's like
           | 'everything everywhere all at once' for Windows.
           | 
           | You can make a case for all those things, of course. Just why
           | does it have to launch into them all immediately upon
           | startup? On a beefier machine it's probably not noticeable
           | but it's sad to see on older PCs when Windows 10 at launch
           | was quite reasonable when it came to lower specs.
        
             | zekica wrote:
             | Couldn't have said it better, Windows 10 is the first
             | Windows that does "Everything everywhere all at once"
             | without any regard to what other resources are in use. It
             | is basically unusable on any 5400rpm hard drive.
        
             | GraemeMeyer wrote:
             | Recent versions of Win10 still perform quite well on old
             | hardware for me - could be that you just need a clean
             | install?
        
               | feintruled wrote:
               | Yes, clean install usually helps, but it wasn't my laptop
               | so I didn't want to jump to extreme solutions straight
               | away (otherwise I might have put Ubuntu on it!)
               | 
               | I think what the main problem was they hadn't used it in
               | a while and accumulated a backlog of mandatory Windows
               | Updates. While these chugged away they got frustrated
               | with an almost unresponsive computer, turned it off,
               | install interrupted for the same thing to happen all over
               | again. I can see how doing this stuff in the background
               | makes sense as you don't necessarily want to bother the
               | user with it, but when it impacts performance so badly
               | maybe it's better to throw up the message and the
               | progress bar. At least they know what's up!
        
         | schleck8 wrote:
         | Same here. I installed the manual firewall SimpleWall and a
         | bunch of Windows processes I haven't used in months + telemetry
         | are constantly trying to connect to the internet (things like
         | xbox game bar and widgets)
        
       | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
       | Is there a pihole list or something ?
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | These list contain most MS spyware domains, I think:
         | https://github.com/crazy-max/WindowsSpyBlocker/tree/master/d...
         | 
         | Be careful, though, it's easy to accidentally break Windows
         | Update.
        
       | rhplus wrote:
       | I'm surprised by the number of requests to port 80, especially
       | for requests to PKI certificate related domains. I assume there's
       | an element of chicken-and-egg somewhere that means they can't use
       | TLS in certain cases. Can anyone offer insight into why this is
       | OK and not subject to MITM attacks on the certificate
       | validation/supply chain?
        
         | josteink wrote:
         | X509 cert retrievals is predominantly done over HTTP, because
         | otherwise you'd need X509 to implement X509.
         | 
         | It may sound "insecure", but if you can't trust X509 without
         | HTTPS, you effectively can't trust either X509 or HTTPS.
         | 
         | This is why we have layers in software. We trust X509 because
         | of fundamental math. Therefore we trust HTTPS built on X509.
         | Therefore we trust systems built on HTTPS.
         | 
         | Everything is perfectly fine.
        
       | luckylittle wrote:
       | Why didn't they release it in a better format, like CSV? We could
       | then easily turn it into a C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
       | file.
        
         | not1ofU wrote:
         | yeah but windows defender will wipe it clean evertime it
         | updates.
         | 
         | Plus if you have a massive (>3MB) hosts file it causes other
         | issues during bootup, which requiers disabling another service
         | (dont remember which one off the top of my head, as I am using
         | Pi-Hole these days)
        
           | RajT88 wrote:
           | In 2022, nobody should have a 3mb hosts file.
           | 
           | This is not the way...
        
             | not1ofU wrote:
             | I am blocking shy of 2 million domains with Pi-Hole, and in
             | fairness, the file I was using is 3.11mb and if I open it
             | in Notepad++ it contains 106369 lines (about 40 of the
             | lines are comments / empty)
             | 
             | I am also not sure at what size the issue with the service
             | appears.
        
             | Avamander wrote:
             | Unfortunately running your own DNS isn't an option in every
             | context. Not to mention, 3MB is nothing, it shouldn't
             | struggle with that.
        
               | ridgered4 wrote:
               | Is blocking on a DNS level even sufficient? I'd imagine
               | there are hard coded fall back IPs involved at least
               | sometimes.
        
               | not1ofU wrote:
               | A lot of IOT devices (including smart TV's), completly
               | ignore DNS
        
               | netr0ute wrote:
               | Easy! Just set router level firewall rules to redirect
               | DNS.
        
         | lbriner wrote:
         | Because then a load of stuff would stop working!?
        
       | danieldevries wrote:
       | Sending telemetry data at all without real consent (ie not some
       | ultimatum) is scary. Windows is not a daily driver OS.
        
         | jerrygoyal wrote:
         | IRL it's a daily driver (most used desktop OS). I suspect due
         | to affordability (w.r.t. mac), ecosystem (plethora of apps),
         | and good UX (wrt linux).
        
         | trelane wrote:
         | > Sending telemetry data at all without real consent
         | 
         | It's in the EULA and privacy policies.
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | Software isn't immutable. The code that makes these requests
         | has to physically exist somewhere. Which means you can find it
         | and overwrite it with nop's.
        
           | BiteCode_dev wrote:
           | For now. Modern chips will make it harder and harder, until
           | one day we will have almost no control over the machine we
           | are running. For our own good, of course. Plus nobody will
           | care appart from us. And not all of us. Not the us that are
           | working on this techs at least.
        
             | grishka wrote:
             | As long as signature enforcement in BIOS can be disabled,
             | everything is possible. And it will always be possible to
             | disable it because otherwise someone would sue the hell out
             | of Microsoft, OEM, or both, for not being able to run Linux
             | or other competing OS on a PC they bought.
        
               | BiteCode_dev wrote:
               | Given we have one win for a 1000 fails with big
               | companies, and that they clearly don't pay much
               | consequences for their bad actions but benefit a lot from
               | it, I doubt it.
               | 
               | Espacially if this becomes state mendated for national
               | security reasons. Indeed, have you seen anyone been sued
               | for the PRISM program?
               | 
               | In fact, it's already happening: have you seen a lot of
               | things modified in iOS lately? It's super hard, so few
               | people even attempt now.
        
               | grishka wrote:
               | > have you seen a lot of things modified in iOS lately?
               | 
               | There's an unpatchable bootrom exploit in all devices up
               | to and including the iPhone X. But yes, I agree with your
               | sentiment.
               | 
               | Though one thing to keep in mind: phones and tablets are
               | content-consumption devices and they have historically
               | been locked down for about as long as they existed.
               | Computers are productivity devices. You may want to
               | multi-boot 10 different operating systems for very
               | practical reasons and no one should prevent you from
               | doing that. Manufacturers understand this. Even the Apple
               | M1 is capable of booting arbitrary, unsigned OSes,
               | despite being a direct descendant of the same line of
               | locked-down SoCs used in iPhones and iPads.
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | It's not that easy; read up on
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Resource_Protection .
        
           | npteljes wrote:
           | Until it runs where you can't touch it. Like the Intel
           | Management Engine.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Management_Engine#Assert.
           | ..
        
       | cpach wrote:
       | Anyone feeling tempted to play the Devil's advocate here? :)
        
         | longcat wrote:
         | As someone who works within an operations team, the telemetry
         | that is seen within MEM/365 is extremely useful for detecting
         | issues and providing overall health of the environment.
         | 
         | While MS does not help itself with some of the more invasive
         | tactics, some of the telemetry is super valuable in detecting
         | issues with drivers, updates and many other things.
         | 
         | Even the episode of MS08-067
         | https://darknetdiaries.com/episode/57/ has some interest bits
         | on early telemetry.
        
         | nokya wrote:
         | I will. I am actually glad that the OS interacts with many
         | different hosts. This allows me to set up fine-grained rules to
         | prevent specific communication channels. The real information I
         | am missing here is which ones should be left reachable to
         | ensure proper maintenance of the OS.
         | 
         | Having a small number of hosts and smaller number of queries
         | would likely result in a worse situation: queries would be
         | impossible to filter because filtering 1 host would likely
         | break too many things.
         | 
         | Also, in terms of telemetry, I consider Microsoft to be the
         | disabled child in the classroom. I am sincerely convinced they
         | have absolutely not the skills nor the vision to turn the data
         | they collect into a process that could be personally harmful to
         | me. Google and Apple, on the other side, specialize in
         | employing engineers and product managers that have absolutely
         | no concern to privacy. Their only constraint is to make sure
         | whatever they do is lawful, which is, in my opinion, the worst
         | way a company should behave. Until today, I haven't seen
         | Microsoft do anything worrying except showing traces of
         | telemetry collection in my router logs.
        
           | pmoriarty wrote:
           | _" I am sincerely convinced they have absolutely not the
           | skills nor the vision to turn the data they collect into a
           | process that could be personally harmful to me."_
           | 
           | Never underestimate your enemy.
        
         | sdflhasjd wrote:
         | The numbers on their own are a meaningless metric, most of
         | these are just CDN IPs for windows updates, and CRL IPs.
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | IP address and domain name count mean nothing. Why would you
         | care if windows pinged 1 Microsoft domain vs 20,000. If they
         | are all controlled by the same entity and send the same data,
         | these numbers mean nothing.
        
           | rob_c wrote:
           | Ok so if we all send data to azure it's safe or to ovh that's
           | just fine.
           | 
           | It's not terrifying but it does reveal the scale, this isn't
           | a licence check against something like genuine.microsoft.com
           | this is a completely different scale all together
        
       | meatsauce wrote:
       | Are there any connecting to china?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-05-27 23:02 UTC)