[HN Gopher] Why isn't new technology making us more productive?
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       Why isn't new technology making us more productive?
        
       Author : gumby
       Score  : 78 points
       Date   : 2022-05-24 17:02 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nytimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nytimes.com)
        
       | partiallypro wrote:
       | It is, it also gives us more downtime during the workday that
       | isn't reflected in the numbers.
        
         | corrral wrote:
         | I'm not sure this is true. There are accounts of incredible
         | waste and normalized, office-wide work-dodging-while-
         | pretending-to-work in the earliest years of the post-war white-
         | collar office. They read like they could have been written
         | yesterday, with a few of the details changed.
         | 
         | It could be that as more people moved into white-collar work,
         | though, the fraction of the population experiencing and
         | participating in that kind of thing has gone up.
        
       | uejfiweun wrote:
       | I have a hard time believing this thesis that modern technology
       | doesn't help productivity. Think about CRM software. Could you
       | imagine having to go through hundreds of filing cabinets and
       | massive systems just to get information about a customer? What
       | about 100 SDRs doing this at the same time, every day? How about
       | trying to meet with someone on the other side of the country? Or
       | having to hire hundreds of assembly line workers to do the job of
       | a single robot?
       | 
       | No, we are more productive than ever before. But the BENEFITS
       | from these enormously productive technologies only seem to go to
       | the richest of the rich, which is why we live in one of the most
       | unequal times since the gilded age. I hate this term but I
       | honestly think it's just "FUD" put out by these uber-rich people,
       | this sentiment of "oh the economy isn't becoming more
       | productive". It is most definitely becoming more productive, but
       | the only benefit Joe Average sees from that is slightly lower
       | consumer prices (which of course is offset by skyrocketing asset
       | prices).
       | 
       | IIRC the only way society got out of this gini-out-of-the-bottle
       | situation last time was through multiple cataclysmic wars, a
       | great depression, and trust busting, so I'd be lying if I said I
       | wasn't concerned.
        
         | mikewarot wrote:
         | >Could you imagine having to go through hundreds of filing
         | cabinets and massive systems just to get information about a
         | customer?
         | 
         | Yes, things are _much_ faster now. But having to manually scan
         | an entire office of files sequentially was never a thing.
         | 
         | The files were alphabetized, indexed, collated. Clerks knew
         | what they were doing.
         | 
         | In digging through my home state of Indiana's Marriage records,
         | they had an ingenious system that did a fair bit of error
         | correction and sped up retrieval of information by orders of
         | magnitude. This system goes back to the 1800s, consists of an
         | index, and sequentially recorded Marriage Licenses, bound in
         | the same book. Entries were indexed by both the groom and
         | brides last name, which meant in most cases, you could recover
         | from a single error. Worst case, you had to scan that one book
         | for the County, for that year, or fraction thereof. If you knew
         | the date, that made it much faster as well.
        
         | mikewarot wrote:
         | Richard Nixon had a plan for dealing with this, but changed his
         | mind at the last second. [1]
         | 
         | 1 - https://thecorrespondent.com/4503/the-bizarre-tale-of-
         | presid...
        
         | Bubble_Pop_22 wrote:
         | All the productivity gains are nullified by a drop in risk-
         | taking.
        
           | adolph wrote:
           | + increased "compliance" measures
        
         | kylecordes wrote:
         | Where did all the productivity benefits go?
         | 
         | The answer is probably: to competition. If one company got CRM,
         | wow, huge productivity boost! They would sell so much more per
         | unit of salesperson labor input.
         | 
         | But it's a competitive world, so a lot of companies get CRM.
         | The additional sales productivity gets competed back out;
         | perhaps with the recipients of sales efforts (who now have a
         | large increase in the amount of incoming contacts)
         | losing/wasting as much productivity in aggregate as the
         | companies using the software have gained.
         | 
         | The same dynamic applies to many other areas. Not to all areas
         | of course; there are also real massive, long term benefits to
         | productivity. Famously it used to take over half of all human
         | effort just to keep us fed. It doesn't anymore.
        
         | wvenable wrote:
         | I'm not sure how they're measuring productivity. From my own
         | experience as a software developer, I've seen how software
         | makes individuals more productive. But the end result of this
         | productivity is not 2x as much output overall but 0.5x as many
         | people to achieve the same level of productivity. We're
         | decreasing costs but maybe the market doesn't need 2x or 5x
         | more productivity. There just isn't that kind of demand
         | anywhere -- especially with fewer people working.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | "Productivity" means "amount of input required to get a given
           | output." I think you might be thinking of "productivity" as a
           | synonym for "output".
           | 
           | Usually in economics the input is labor hours, but for
           | example "energy intensity" is the productivity of how much
           | energy a process uses. In the macroeconomic case it's GDP
           | divided by total energy used, but some industries are more
           | energy intensive than others -- they have lower productivity
           | from their energy use.
           | 
           | Thus 2X the output and same output with 1/2 the people are
           | identical: both describe doubling productivity.
        
             | wvenable wrote:
             | But how is this productivity measured across an entire
             | country? How does unemployment factor in? If I'm making the
             | workers twice as effective but we then lay off 50% of the
             | workforce -- how does that factor in?
             | 
             | I've made many jobs disappear.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | > But how is this productivity measured across an entire
               | country?
               | 
               | On a total GDP basis it would be GDP divided by labor
               | hours, no more no less. A national economy is complex,
               | and especially one like the US or Europe, in which a lot
               | of financial services are involved. So typically it is
               | done on a sector basis (labor force productivity in
               | steelmaking or construction, or mining, or office work).
               | 
               | Sometimes it's quite tricky: when the "output" of a given
               | person goes up a lot it could lead to a different product
               | (e.g. when the spreadsheet meant one person could do
               | financial analysis that had previously required multiple
               | people and a lot of time, it didn't mean less time doing
               | analysis but instead significantly more sophisticated
               | analysis in the same time, with the objective (at least)
               | of finding better deals or avoiding worse ones).
               | 
               | > How does unemployment factor in?
               | 
               | It doesn't. It's simply output divided by input. Don't
               | mix the two.
               | 
               | The same output with half the people means a doubling in
               | productivity for that activity. What happens to the other
               | half of people? Orthodox economics says they find some
               | other job, perhaps a more productive one or more likely
               | less so. Pragmatics says some never work again, some find
               | a (often but not always) better job.
               | 
               | That's harsh, but the "lump of labor" fallacy is indeed a
               | fallacy.
        
             | tshaddox wrote:
             | > "Productivity" means "amount of input required to get a
             | given output." I think you might be thinking of
             | "productivity" as a synonym for "output".
             | 
             | Okay but surely we're only talking about average
             | productivity with some assumptions on the approximate
             | employment rate and hours worked per week. No one is going
             | to be impressed by a "5% increase in productivity" next
             | year if unemployment rises to 99%, the 1% of remaining
             | workers only work 10 hours per week, but the average hour
             | yields 5% higher output than the previous year.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | > Okay but surely we're only talking about average
               | productivity with some assumptions on the approximate
               | employment rate and hours worked per week.
               | 
               | No. Productivity is simply output divided by some input
               | factor. Employment rate, hours worked per week, wage:
               | none are involved in that calculation (unless you're
               | measuring productivity of the wage, i.e. COGS).
               | 
               | > No one is going to be impressed by a "5% increase in
               | productivity" next year if unemployment rises to 99%, the
               | 1% of remaining workers only work 10 hours per week, but
               | the average hour yields 5% higher output than the
               | previous year.
               | 
               | On the contrary, investors and managers will be very
               | impressed by that.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | > On the contrary, investors and managers will be very
               | impressed by that.
               | 
               | No, they won't. You're free to propose any definitions of
               | "productivity" you like, but this particular proposal
               | doesn't remotely match what anyone will ever be talking
               | about in discussions about productivity in the economy.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Indeed I propose the standard definition of productivity
               | used in economics departments, business schools, and
               | thousands of textbooks, news articles and the like,
               | _including those written by people, like Brynjolfsson,
               | quoted in the article._
               | 
               | Seems a lot easier to refer to papers, statistics and the
               | like when you use the same terminology everyone else
               | does.
        
         | lkrubner wrote:
         | """"But the BENEFITS from these enormously productive
         | technologies only seem to go to the richest of the rich""""
         | 
         | You misunderstand how labor productivity is calculated. It's
         | simply the the total amount of wealth generated by a worker per
         | hour. So for instance, a worker at a McDonalds restaurant
         | generates $150 in wealth per hour, and gets paid $12 per hour
         | on average.
         | 
         | Total wealth is created by productivity and is then divided
         | between labor and capital. Where labor unions are strong, more
         | of the total wealth goes to labor, and where labor unions are
         | weak, more of the total wealth goes to capital.
         | 
         | It's the total wealth per hour that has seen slow growth in
         | recent decades.
         | 
         | If you doubt how much computers destroy productivity, then
         | simply visit a hospital and you can see it with your own eyes.
         | My mom was recently in the hospital so I got to see this
         | myself. Mistake after mistake because of bad information either
         | put into the computer, or codes being misinterpreted.
         | 
         | In the old days, an army of secretaries kept the world in
         | order. Despite your intuitions, they did in fact have ways of
         | quickly finding one file out of millions of files. And
         | secretaries offered a flexibility that we've lost with
         | computers.
         | 
         | It is the loss of flexibility that causes computers to damage
         | productivity.
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | > Mistake after mistake because of bad information either put
           | into the computer, or codes being misinterpreted.
           | 
           | To note, in the olden days, mistakes written in your record
           | or misinterpretations (e.g.took the wrong record from the
           | cabinet) would just have been a fact of life and nobody might
           | even notice. Ms Wilson and Ms Wiston just shouldn't have been
           | in the same hospital at the same time.
           | 
           | As you say everything was more flexible, more fuzzy. If you
           | wanted the world to look orderly you'd quickly sweap under
           | the rug the misaligned bits or disappear what you don't want
           | there.
           | 
           | This is also why you use cash and paper register if you need
           | your restaurant's finances to look pristine on paper while
           | still racking in money that doesn't need to be accounted.
        
         | jstarfish wrote:
         | > Think about CRM software. Could you imagine having to go
         | through hundreds of filing cabinets and massive systems just to
         | get information about a customer?
         | 
         | A Rolodex used to be enough.
         | 
         | Advancement replacing it with "hundreds of filing cabinets"
         | should tell you something.
        
           | sharemywin wrote:
           | Act 2.0 was the desktop version of CRM. and alot of old
           | systems had built in customer databases. had contact info in
           | them. and zoom is cool but phones work in a lot of cases.
        
             | kylecordes wrote:
             | If your team was sitting at desks on a fast network, Act!
             | probably obtained 80% of the productivity benefit of the
             | best available, most expensive CRM available today. Or
             | maybe even better than that; because (again assuming a fast
             | network locally) it could be operated with keystrokes quite
             | a lot faster than many of today's CRM system.
             | 
             | I worked in a place where we had phone, email, and FAX (!)
             | integration set up also. A rep could be on a phone they
             | didn't dial, configuring a quote for what their contact
             | asked for, click a button and it emailed or faxed to the
             | contact. Over 20 years ago.
        
           | smegsicle wrote:
           | 1000x increase in capability coupled with 1000x increase in
           | waste
        
           | DANK_YACHT wrote:
           | > Advancement replacing it with "hundreds of filing cabinets"
           | should tell you something.
           | 
           | A rolodex was enough because that's all that could be managed
           | by an individual. If the number of names needed by a person
           | grew past the size of a rolodex, they were simply out of luck
           | because no system existed that would allow them to
           | efficiently handle that much data. That's my takeaway at
           | least.
        
             | prometheus76 wrote:
             | They would get another rolodex.
        
             | jstarfish wrote:
             | > A rolodex was enough because that's all that could be
             | managed by an individual. If the number of names needed by
             | a person grew past the size of a rolodex, they were simply
             | out of luck because no system existed that would allow them
             | to efficiently handle that much data. That's my takeaway at
             | least.
             | 
             | Yes, absolutely true.
             | 
             | Given "hundreds of filing cabinets" though, how many of
             | those leads can or will even be contacted in the
             | salesperson/company's lifetime? How many leads will
             | themselves have died before you even get to their number?
             | 
             | It's "advancement" only in the sense that we've made
             | hoarding more efficient (which _is_ a technical achievement
             | in itself).
        
         | ALittleLight wrote:
         | I think the non-super rich see a lot of advantages from the
         | modern economy. As an example, just yesterday, I was picking up
         | an order at Walmart. The guy who brought the bags to my car had
         | Airpods in. The existence of Airpods (and phones, Internet,
         | Bluetooth, streaming services, etc) may not have made this guy
         | more productive, but it probably improves his life somewhat.
        
           | tobr wrote:
           | Am I missing something, or is this like the first time you
           | see a guy with AirPods? What's the significance?
        
             | kylecordes wrote:
             | One significant thing here: this is a piece of technology
             | which no one in the entire world, at any level of wealth,
             | had a couple decades ago. But today a person in a
             | relatively low-ranked job carrying orders out at Walmart...
             | casually has this technology for fun.
             | 
             | This does not measure as a productivity improvement, but
             | it's pretty great.
             | 
             | Most non-positional goods are like this. You getting
             | Airpods doesn't make mine any worse. Statistically, you
             | getting Airpods makes mine better, because it increases the
             | chances of there being more content I like.
        
             | EarthLaunch wrote:
             | It's that people working boring or unpleasant jobs can have
             | an audio environment of their choice. Music, podcasts,
             | audiobooks.
             | 
             | This wasn't possible when it required a huge device, but
             | AirPods are so unobtrusive and socially acceptable that
             | workers can wear them without it attracting undue
             | attention.
             | 
             | Pranksters on YouTube use it for the same reason; people
             | are used to seeing it and don't associate it with receiving
             | voice instructions.
        
           | evan_ wrote:
           | and when he gets home he can eat bread and watch the circus
           | on his phone!
        
             | ALittleLight wrote:
             | Sure. Do you think it would be better to be poor without
             | bread and circuses? Our bread and circuses are getting
             | better and that seems good.
        
         | drewcoo wrote:
         | Consider bullshit jobs. Yes, there's "work" being done, so it's
         | "productive," but is it really?
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullshit_Jobs
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | A massive CRM was possible in the early 90s on easily
         | obtainable hardware. Earlier if you wanted to spend the money.
         | 
         | It's not immediately clear what Salesforce adds that literally
         | couldn't be done with 1995 tech.
        
         | Aunche wrote:
         | Of course regular people are seeing benefits to increased
         | productivity. The question is whether these benefits are really
         | benefits at all. The average adult spends over 12 hours a day
         | consuming media [1]. It's worth noting that much of this is
         | passive consumption like radio in the background, but active
         | consumption is undeniably increasing as well, most notably
         | smartphone usage. I think the problem is that the more
         | optimized our society becomes, the less true the economic
         | assumption of rational human behavior becomes. Google Maps, for
         | example, saves me time looking at maps rather than doing
         | browsing Hackernews. However, when I think about it rationally,
         | I was no less happy spending a few minutes planning my route
         | before a trip instead of browsing HN during that same time.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/report/2020/the-
         | niels...
        
         | iskander wrote:
         | Medical record digitization seems to have had a neutral-to-
         | negative impact on hospital efficiency. It's hard to believe
         | since the alternative sounds mind-numbingly inefficient but
         | there are tons of low-tech streamlined processes (like having a
         | whiteboard in each patient's room) which are being undermined
         | by having a constellation of disconnected staff all dumping
         | information into Epic and not having time to read other
         | entries.
        
         | throw8383833jj wrote:
         | It sounds plausible: all the benefits have gone to the rich.
         | So, I set out to see what a world would be like if we
         | "redistributed" all those "benefits". So, simply take the
         | entire wealth of every billionaire in the US and divide it by
         | the number of citizens and number of years required to acquire
         | that wealth. It's a relatively simply equation:
         | 
         | Billionaire wealth / Citizens / 30 Years = Yearly
         | Redistribution
         | 
         | 4T / 300 M/ 30 = 500$ per year (not exactly life changing
         | wealth)
         | 
         | So, if you stole every last dollar from every last billionaire
         | in the US and redistributed it for the last 30 years, each
         | person would only get 500$ per year.
         | 
         | I have a different theorey. The US and other developed
         | countries have been loosing ever greater amounts of wealth.
         | Wealth per capita has decreased dramatically over the last 50
         | years. The causes are too numerous to go into, but there are
         | MANY.
         | 
         | *https://ips-dc.org/u-s-billionaire-wealth-surges-
         | past-1-tril...
         | 
         | At the end of the day, humans want simple solutions to simple
         | problems and the "wealth going to the top" theorey is super
         | easy to understand and super easy to solve. There's only one
         | problem: it's not true. it's debunked now. The real problem of
         | decreasing wealth is much harder to solve and has many causes
        
           | mbrameld wrote:
           | > it's not true. it's debunked now
           | 
           | Where has it been debunked?
        
           | uejfiweun wrote:
           | It's not that I advocate for wealth redistribution, quite the
           | opposite in fact. But I certainly wish that these leaders
           | would just, y'know, RAISE WAGES. Rent is skyrocketing,
           | housing is skyrocketing, medical expenses are skyrocketing,
           | car prices are skyrocketing, and after 40 years of this, it's
           | finally _just now_ that wages are starting to catch up a tiny
           | bit. Meanwhile, CEO pay has risen  >30% since the pandemic
           | alone: https://www.forbes.com/sites/annefield/2022/05/23/ceo-
           | worker...
        
             | throw8383833jj wrote:
             | Right, rising wages is what most people demand of
             | politicians.
             | 
             | But, there's two ways to get more of what you want:
             | 
             | 1) rising wages
             | 
             | 2) lowering costs.
             | 
             | #1 -> it would be nice but you can only squeeze so much
             | blood from a turnip.
             | 
             | #2 has gotten far too little attention and has a lot of
             | potential to do good, if we start pursuing it in a way that
             | increases overall prosperity, not decreasing propsperity
        
             | xmprt wrote:
             | I don't know if raising wages alone will help. Increased
             | wages will just make cost of production more expensive and
             | raise prices or allow landlords to charge more for rent.
             | What's more important is solving housing, transportation,
             | and healthcare issues so people can satisfy those needs
             | cheaply. Build more houses, improve urban planning and
             | public transit, and create national healthcare.
        
           | dahart wrote:
           | > So, if you stole every last dollar from every last
           | billionaire in the US and redistributed it for the last 30
           | years, each person would only get 500$ per year.
           | 
           | Loaded use of the world "stole" there.
           | 
           | This is a faulty analysis. It's well studied and well known,
           | for example, that the top 10% of people income wise have ~70%
           | of the wealth in the US. Similar patterns exist globally.
           | This has been reproduced many ways by many people and
           | squarely contradicts your calculation.
        
             | throw8383833jj wrote:
             | "stole" or redistribute. the math works out the same in the
             | end. the reason I used "stole" is because if you
             | "redistribute" every ounce of someone's wealth, I imagine
             | you might get some push back.
             | 
             | You can re-apply this formula to various top N% but you get
             | similar numbers: both for income redistribution and wealth
             | redistribution.
             | 
             | The reason all those articles of top 10% have 70% of the
             | wealth seem so impressive is not because the top 10% have
             | so much, it's because the rest of the 90% has so little.
             | and so even a modest amount in the top 10% is much greater
             | than the tiny bit the bottom 90 has.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | Let's frame it differently. If you redistributed all
               | wealth from just the top 1% today to all us citizens,
               | each person would get 40T / 300M = $133K, which would
               | make a real (and massive) difference in most people's
               | lives. Redistribute the top 10%, and everyone gets $320k
               | in savings. This would be an average of 30x more savings
               | for the bottom half than they'd have otherwise.
               | 
               | The biggest problem with your calculation is the
               | arbitrary line of billionaires, which leaves out all the
               | millionaires. The top 1% have wealth exceeding 40T, while
               | the bottom 50% have sum total wealth less than the 4T you
               | used for billionaires.
               | 
               | Another problem is dividing by 30, that's not well
               | justified. Half of all us wealth was gained in the last
               | 10 years. Your calculation implicitly assumes you would
               | redistribute slowly, but since you're using a
               | hypothetical, why would you do that? Why not redistribute
               | all of it today and see if the sum is meaningful? It
               | doesn't make sense to redistribute slowly, regardless of
               | how long it took to accumulate.
               | 
               | A third problem is leaving out income from the summary,
               | since wealth is savings and the lower class has little.
               | You conclude that $500/year sounds small but glossed over
               | the fact that it represent savings not income, and that
               | it would add up to a lot even in your setup.
        
               | throw8383833jj wrote:
               | Ok, if you disagree with the number 30 as the number of
               | years needed to acquire that wealth, just use yearly
               | income figures.
               | 
               | Assuming 60K is the average. So, top 10% at 173K means
               | 113K more than the median houshold. 113/10 = 11.3K extra.
               | So, redistributing top 10% would mean 11.3K extra for 60K
               | average. It's something but not life changing.
               | Considering that more than 70% of million dollar lotto
               | winner loses almost everything within a few years, I'd
               | say an additional 11K wouldn't help people a huge amount.
               | 
               | And, you have to remember, this is an excerise for
               | learning how much wealth is distributed per capita in the
               | top. if you actually instituted anything close to these
               | policies, total, average wages would decrease
               | dramatically as the reduced incentive to earn more
               | prevents people from earning more.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | > So, top 10% at 173K
               | 
               | That's the threshold income of the top 10%, not the
               | average. The average is _much_ higher.
               | 
               | You're insisting the spread out wealth is small in the
               | face of evidence that it's large, larger than your
               | summary even by your own analysis.
               | 
               | > Considering that more than 70% of million dollar lotto
               | winner loses almost everything within a few years
               | 
               | This is yet another faulty analysis, and the 70% number
               | and "million dollar" part are viral misquotes, they are
               | wrong. https://www.nefe.org/news/2018/01/research-
               | statistic-on-fina...
               | 
               | I don't blame you for it, this misleading headline has
               | been widely reported over and over again. (But please
               | consider not repeating this false information anymore.)
               | 
               | The primary study that lead to this conclusion is a study
               | of Florida lottery winners of amounts less than $150K.
               | The actual result of the study showed bankruptcy rates
               | falling initially, and then rising again after several
               | years, as people ran out of their winnings. The rates
               | returning to normal was reported as people losing
               | everything, which is clearly misleading spin.
               | 
               | https://eml.berkeley.edu/~cle/laborlunch/hoekstra.pdf
        
           | hnthrowawy wrote:
           | your "simple equation" is completely inadequate. When a
           | company improves their efficiency they don't just cut a check
           | "to the billionaires"
           | 
           | If it is causing share price increases, every shareholder
           | benefits. Why are you excluding millionaires?
           | 
           | > 5,671,005 US households have a net worth of $3 million or
           | more
           | 
           | There's another 16T right there, minimum.
           | 
           | The companies in S&P 500 hold another 1.5T in cash
           | 
           | Presumably there are workers at these companies being
           | rewarded handsomely for these productivity gains, how do you
           | account for that wealth?
           | 
           | The housing market in California grew 1.4T last year, now
           | sitting at over 9T total "value".
           | 
           | This is just first thoughts for my envelope math. Looking at
           | "billionaires" is overly simplistic
        
           | jayd16 wrote:
           | I would argue it's still a worthy goal if only to
           | redistribute the influence that wealth brings.
        
           | Enginerrrd wrote:
           | >I have a different theorey. The US and other developed
           | countries have been loosing ever greater amounts of wealth.
           | Wealth per capita has decreased dramatically over the last 50
           | years. The causes are too numerous to go into, but there are
           | MANY.
           | 
           | I find this hypothesis very intriguing. I too have found it
           | troubling that the narrative against billionaires doesn't
           | quite seem to line up with the envelope math. That said, I
           | wonder about the optimal parameters of the inevitable pareto
           | distribution of wealth. I think the effect on money velocity
           | and total wealth generation among other things is worth
           | considering. In history, it does _seem_ generally like
           | conditions have been good when inequality is relatively low.
           | (At least within a window of time next to that time.)
           | 
           | However, I'm really hoping you could elaborate more on what
           | you're calling an apparent loss of wealth since I'm very much
           | curious.
           | 
           | What information is that conclusion based on?
           | 
           | Without delving into a description that is TOO laborious,
           | could you give a 100,000ft summary or list of things you
           | think that have contributed to that or where you think the
           | wealth has gone?
        
             | throw8383833jj wrote:
             | as a starting point for figuring out the drop in wealth, I
             | think we should calculate things in terms of number of man
             | hours worked to achieve a given objective: shelter, food,
             | water. Using dollars and CPI numbers is fraught with
             | problems due to problems in their methodologies, which are
             | quite numerous.
             | 
             | The most important aspects of wealth are the basic needs of
             | human beings: shelter, food, water and by extension
             | transportation (because it's required to earn "money"),
             | healthcare (because if you have an accident they can come
             | after your shelter), and education (because it's a
             | requirement for earning money").
             | 
             | Now we have a framework for identifying drops in wealth.
             | 
             | I think the biggest drops in wealth have occurred in
             | shelter, medical and a little bit in transportation. if you
             | dive into those with the methodology of number of man hours
             | worked to achieve them, you'll see what i'm talking about.
             | Sometimes it's not obvious. Cost per mile in transportation
             | can decrease (progress) and you can still get a decrease in
             | wealth, if for instance the average commute distance
             | increases faster than the drop in cost per mile. Just an
             | example, of where increasing capabilities over time, don't
             | necessarily translate to greater wealth. Generally speaking
             | don't just calculate the increase in capability/man hour
             | but also the amount of capability required to achieve the
             | objective.
             | 
             | Growing Govt: over the last 100 years we've seen countries
             | grow govt spend as percent of GDP from low single digits to
             | 40 to 50%. You may be in favor of all this spending but I
             | strongly suspect that the total amount you get back from
             | govt, is less than what went in. example: "this is
             | especially apparent when someone needs to pay 5K for a
             | lawyer, just to apply for medicaid." alot of wealth can be
             | lost in this way. solution: society needs much more
             | efficient means of wealth transfer mechanisms.
             | 
             | Hypothesis: exponential Growing human population on a
             | finite planet with finite resources (finite amount of
             | developal land), ore, oil, commodities, will lead to or has
             | led to decreases in wealth which show up as paying more and
             | more for things.
        
               | debdut wrote:
               | wow! maybe you should write it up in a blog. awesome
        
               | otikik wrote:
               | I partially agree with this:
               | 
               | > I think the biggest drops in wealth have occurred in
               | shelter, medical and a little bit in transportation.
               | 
               | But my conclusion is very different: shelter, healthcare
               | and transport have not _evaporated_. If anything, we are
               | more capable of treating people than before. We have the
               | internet now, we should be able to educate more people.
               | 
               | The problem is that the cost of those things has
               | increased significantly in the last 80 years, but
               | salaries have stagnated. A diabetic teacher could buy a
               | house and afford insulin on a single salary, now they
               | barely can afford the later while they live with their
               | parents, because they can't even rent.
               | 
               | As to why things are more expensive now... well I think
               | the answer is that the difference is going to a small
               | group of extremely rich individuals. Insurance and
               | hospital owners in the case of healthcare, University
               | owners on education. And lawyers in all layers.
               | 
               | The cost of transportation is a bit more complex. It is a
               | finite world, yes. But we'll run of nice weather to plant
               | crops before we run out of oil.
        
           | FooBarBizBazz wrote:
           | Both can be true:
           | 
           | a.) A tiny number of billionaires have reorganized society in
           | ways that cause benefits to accrue to themselves.
           | 
           | b.) The net size of those benefits, distributed equally over
           | all people, is tiny.
           | 
           | All this means is that people are being used in absurdly
           | inefficient ways, because that benefits whoever is in charge.
           | 
           | For example, plantations are arguably like this. They are
           | less productive, per acre, than smallholdings. But they
           | _scale_ : A single owner can make the plantation arbitrarily
           | large. "Who cares if the country grows half as much per acre
           | as it could, if I get to control 10x the acres? That's still
           | 5x the wealth for me!"
           | 
           | Surely we in software, home of the Mythical Man Month, know
           | all about this? It doesn't matter if the microserfs are less
           | productive, if you can have all of them to yourself.
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | It'd be a lot more effective to redistribute that wealth,
           | first, not over 30 years, and second, not to 100% of the
           | population, but to the bottom income brackets, so the
           | smallest quintile or even decile. So a one-time payout to the
           | bottom 10% would be $150,000. For 20% or 30% of the
           | population, that kind of money could _absolutely_ and
           | _instantly_ lift them out of poverty.
           | 
           | Moreover, you needn't take every last cent from these
           | billionaires. Just leave them with a _mere_ $100 million each
           | and they still have more money than they could reasonably
           | spend in a lifetime.
        
             | wincy wrote:
             | Seems immoral to give it to the bottom 10% of people in the
             | US, who are relatively wealthy compared to the rest of the
             | world. Why not give $15,000 each to the 300 million poorest
             | people in the world, or $5000 to the 1 billion poorest?
        
               | honkler wrote:
               | there are oligarchs in every country, just like the
               | united states. Could drain the swamp and give people back
               | their money.
        
           | nebula8804 wrote:
           | >The US and other developed countries have been loosing ever
           | greater amounts of wealth. Wealth per capita has decreased
           | dramatically over the last 50 years. The causes are too
           | numerous to go into, but there are MANY.
           | 
           | Don't leave us hanging throw8383833jj, where did the wealth
           | go?
        
             | throw8383833jj wrote:
             | The biggest drop in wealth is Shelter and Medical. 50 years
             | ago land was much cheaper. A 300K house (non-land cost)
             | costs 310K (maybe 10k for the land). Whereas today, in
             | states where much job creation happens (i won't name
             | names), a 300K house costs 600K or more. You could say, the
             | previous land owner made all that money and it's true. But,
             | it's just a one time wealth transfer from the latest
             | generation to previous generations of land owners. The
             | problem is, going forward from here, there are no more
             | winners in this game. By, charging vast amounts of money
             | for land that should cost very little, we're simply
             | depriving human being of wealth. Even CA, has more acres
             | than people and yet, even in the country side where there
             | is miles of empty land in every direction, we see houses
             | huddled together, a mere few feet apart like some kind of
             | nazi concentration camp. going forward, this is a game with
             | no winners. the wealth is simply denied. conversely, by
             | denying ourselves this wealth, we can create the wealth out
             | of thin air by allowing the land to be developed OR simply
             | by moving jobs (where jobs go, people follow) to areas
             | where there is sufficient developable land (politically
             | achievable).
             | 
             | Also, there's a huge laundry list of regulation, and zoning
             | that impact numerous industries like housing and
             | transportation that make these things more expensive than
             | they need to be and pass those costs onto consumers.
             | 
             | Just for comparison, i once, calculated that in my area, it
             | takes roughly 80,000 man hours to afford the cheapest house
             | in my suburban neighborhood in the bay area. And yet, in
             | thailand (Jon Jai a humble farmer with no education and no
             | construction training and youtuber), has demonstrated that
             | he could build a modest home with just 200 man hours! He'll
             | tell you, that despite the fact that he lives in country
             | where economists say his per capita income is more than 20
             | tiems lower than US, he's easily able to afford a house, 1
             | acre of land and enough food for his family of six and only
             | works 15 min a day (2 months full time out of the year).
             | too much to explain here, but you can visit his channel on
             | youtube for details. I was blown away. and of course, he
             | has the freedom to do so, because less regulations and
             | zoning to get in the way. Sure, he doesn't have many
             | gadgets or cars and even a rice cooker would be hard to
             | acquire but he has the essentials of life: shelter, food
             | and water in abundance: and that's what freedom is largely
             | about.
        
               | kylecordes wrote:
               | The challenge with shelter is that it is fundamentally a
               | positional good. Everyone wants to be within the x% most
               | convenient, which is say, desirable, places to live. So
               | as there are more and more people with more money to
               | chase those limited "slots", they get more expensive.
               | Making everyone worse off.
               | 
               | The solution is to massively build many more new good
               | places to live; but there are also enormous forces
               | against that.
        
               | throw8383833jj wrote:
               | Absolutely >>> The solution is to massively build many
               | more new good places to live
               | 
               | People underestimate the positive impact of this
               | solution.
               | 
               | It's not like we don't have the space. All that's lacking
               | is the will.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Space is not just space. Space has qualities such as non
               | humid climates, near mountains, beaches, access to
               | potable water, and of course, political considerations.
               | 
               | Also, people like more space than less space so
               | incumbents will fight against others coming in, unless
               | the others are bringing benefits such as money or labor
               | for the incumbents.
        
               | mattgreenrocks wrote:
               | Agree! That's super interesting. I've longed for a life
               | that is much less coupled to work. Thinking about the US,
               | it is somewhat ironic that many US residents think of
               | themselves as self-reliant yet end up inadvertently
               | supporting systems that undermine true autonomy.
        
               | mbrameld wrote:
               | If all you want is a shack on some land you own, you
               | could do that for much less than 80,000 man hours. Land
               | in NE Arizona sells for a few hundred dollars an acre.
               | There's no zoning and very little in the way of
               | regulation.
        
           | tomatotomato37 wrote:
           | I'm reality it would be even less than that since the wealth
           | of most billionaires is in the form of speculative wealth
           | such as company stock. If tomorrow everyones wealth was
           | liquidated through a magical oracle that could know the true
           | economic value of any given asset you'd find there would be a
           | lot less billionaires in the world
        
           | humbleMouse wrote:
        
           | confidantlake wrote:
           | Stole is pretty loaded language. Also where are you pulling
           | the number 30 from? Seems arbitrary to me. 500 per year for
           | every man women and child for 30 years is a lot of money.
           | That would be equivalent to a one time payment of $60,000
           | dollars to every family of 4. Sounds like a lot of money to
           | me.
        
             | debdut wrote:
             | If 60K is lot, how about giving each person 15K and
             | stopping all taxes and redistribution from there on?
        
             | throw8383833jj wrote:
             | 30 is my estimation as to the number of years it takes for
             | the average billionaire to achieve their wealth. most
             | billionaires are pretty old, so I'd say 30 is conservative.
             | 
             | so, 2K per family/year in a country where the median
             | houshold income is 60K, that's about 3.3% of their income.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | It's irrelevant how long it took to accumulate. If you're
               | hypothetically redistributing wealth, then the
               | hypothetical side assumption should be that it took the
               | same amount of time to accumulate the "redistributed"
               | wealth. You should be comparing saved wealth in the real
               | world to saved wealth in the hypothetical world, not
               | using a strange misleading wealth per year metric.
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | > _I have a hard time believing this thesis that modern
         | technology doesn 't help productivity._
         | 
         | See Solow paradox:
         | 
         | > _The productivity paradox, also referred to as the Solow
         | paradox, could refer either to the slowdown in productivity
         | growth in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s despite
         | rapid development in the field of information technology (IT)
         | over the same period, or to the slowdown in productivity growth
         | in the United States and developed countries from the 2000s to
         | 2020s; sometimes the newer slowdown is referred to as the
         | productivity slowdown, the productivity puzzle, or the
         | productivity paradox 2.0. The 1970s to 1980s productivity
         | paradox inspired many research efforts at explaining the
         | slowdown, only for the paradox to disappear with renewed
         | productivity growth in the developed countries in the 1990s.
         | However, issues raised by those research efforts remain
         | important in the study of productivity growth in general, and
         | became important again when productivity growth slowed around
         | the world again from the 2000s to the present day._
         | 
         | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity_paradox
        
         | DeWilde wrote:
         | The gap between the richest and the poorest is probably the
         | largest ever, but today people are also living far more
         | comfortably than ever: electricity, heated water, food and
         | water at a press of a button, generally good transportation to
         | pretty much everywhere. What is lacking, for the less
         | privileged, is mostly lack of access to affordable housing and
         | a bad diet (arguably this is mostly due to the enticing nature
         | of fast food and lack of education about how bad it is). Other
         | than that the basic life necessities don't differ too wildly
         | for the rich and the everyone who is not homeless.
        
           | pdimitar wrote:
           | I believe it needs to also be said that bad diet is a side
           | effect of everyone trying to produce with cheaper and cheaper
           | materials. I shudder to think what kinds of ingredients are
           | some of the foods I see in cheaper shops made from.
           | 
           | This is not sustainable. It cannot last for that much longer
           | IMO. Literally and metaphorically, people are getting sick of
           | it. They notice. They are not dumb. They might be in denial
           | (people just LOVE their chips and cola for some reason) but
           | they are not dumb.
           | 
           | I see more and more people in my neighborhood going to the
           | local market and negotiating with vendors coming straight
           | from agrarian villages for a "monthly subscription" of sorts
           | -- you bring me one huge basket with fruits and veggies every
           | weekend, I pay you, say, $200 a month. The vendor gets a
           | stable income, you get actual bio food and don't have to pick
           | and choose every tomato and parsley leaf every damn time. The
           | vendors have a vested interest not to cheat their most stable
           | and profitable customers.
           | 
           | Sadly all these societal changes are glacially slow, giving
           | the opportunists plenty of breathing room to swindle people
           | and get rich for decades but oh well, until we develop
           | collective consciousness it seems that this won't ever
           | change... :|
        
           | tstrimple wrote:
           | I think it's a little to easy to overlook the abject poverty
           | which still exists in this country. More than two million
           | Americans lack access to clean water or sanitation. I
           | personally know millennials who didn't have hot water in
           | their house growing up. They would heat water on the stove
           | for baths, at least when their utilities were turned on.
           | There exist towns where literal sewage is running out of
           | people's houses in areas where kids play. Hookworm for
           | example is still rampant in parts of the US. Half of our
           | rivers and streams and one third of our lakes are too
           | polluted to swim or fish in, much less drink from. 99% of
           | households having a refrigerator doesn't mean these folk are
           | living comfortably.
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/05/hookworm-
           | low...
           | 
           | https://time.com/longform/clean-water-access-united-states/
        
         | sharemywin wrote:
         | specifically they said since 2004 productivity increases were
         | only 1% per year. cloud computing/saas probably adds to
         | productivity but not as much as converting from files to
         | desktop computer systems.
        
         | bennysomething wrote:
         | Lost me at the bit about fud from rich people. I really doubt
         | there is a conspiracy.
        
         | thewarrior wrote:
         | Because software cannot produce resources just because it
         | exists. Productivity refers to being able to actually
         | manufacture more widgets and things like food, roads. Yes
         | technology has made things cheaper. By moving things across the
         | globe and creating a complex supply chain that can produce more
         | goods for less energy and raw material input.
         | 
         | But the per Capita availability of energy and minerals is a
         | fundamental bottleneck that things like CRM software can only
         | go so far in helping.
         | 
         | The article talks about software that allows a call center
         | employee to handle more customers better. This is great but how
         | does something like this help society produce more heating and
         | food which are currently in short supply ? It makes the company
         | more profit and saves customers some money. But if they try to
         | actually get more food it will cause inflation.
         | 
         | I would highly encourage people to read the work of Vaclav
         | Smil. In the grand scheme of things iPhones are irrelevant.
         | 
         | Half the world depends on natural gas and ammonia fertilizer so
         | they don't starve to death. We are living through the
         | consequences of this as we speak.
         | 
         | Software simply isn't on the scale of things like coal, oil,
         | natural gas, electricity or even washing machines.
         | 
         | Computers might be more like the printing press. Perhaps
         | centuries from now we can look back and say what innovations
         | came about due to multi century second order and third order
         | effects.
         | 
         | We in the industry have become lost in the world of bits and
         | "productivity" in producing TikToks and targetting ads for
         | mobile games doesn't help as much as we think towards supply.
         | These are fundamentally ways of aggregating and coordinating
         | demand.
         | 
         | The problem is now on the supply side. We need software that
         | runs on robots eliminating workers and working 24x7 doing
         | things like mining, agriculture and warehouses. We also need
         | eliminate middle men and deliver directly to the consumer.
         | 
         | Beyond that we need fundamentally new energy sources. Software
         | can help here but increasing digitization mainly creates fat
         | middlemen who don't add as much productivity into the world as
         | they take.
         | 
         | Hence I think Chinas new approach to tech regulatuion that
         | curtails middleman platforms and encourages startups on the
         | supply side makes a lot of sense.
        
           | gowld wrote:
           | Services are also productivity.
        
             | thewarrior wrote:
             | Yes but only to an extent. We cannot have an economy only
             | of rappers and influencers.
        
       | jimmydeans wrote:
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | mikkergp wrote:
       | I mean, technology making us more productive seems obviously true
       | on it's face, so what gives?
       | 
       | --> Productivity, which is defined as the value of goods and
       | services produced per hour of work.
       | 
       | Seems like an interesting measure. So as companies become more
       | efficient and the cost of goods goes down, so does productivity.
       | So you might be able to argue we were more probably productive
       | per unit of work building mainframes than we are building
       | iphones.
        
       | spullara wrote:
       | I think that productivity per actual second worked has
       | drastically increased and people just don't work as much as they
       | used to, at least in office jobs.
        
       | 127 wrote:
       | Because nobody wants to make themselves or their friends
       | obsolete. In fact, technical debt is a feature, not a bug. Invent
       | a highly functional, durable tool: nobody will buy anything
       | related to it from you again.
        
         | sascha_sl wrote:
         | Generally, this seems to be rather asyncronous in large
         | companies / "enterprises". I've seen entire departments that
         | are not doing anything relevant. In less severe cases, there
         | are still mostly a few people that do a lot of work, and many
         | that are doing very little. Sort of like the pareto principle
         | of productivity.
        
       | sudden_dystopia wrote:
       | We are more productive. We are doing more with less people. It
       | doesn't seem like we are more productive because most people are
       | overworked which creates an illusion of unproductivity. Most of
       | those jobs that were lost in 2008-2009 were never replaced,
       | everyone left just had to pick up the slack which tech helped
       | facilitate
       | 
       | The other aspect is that a lot of our tech is vapid
       | entertainment. As buzz aldrin said, "They promised me mars
       | colonies. All we got was Facebook" or something along those
       | lines.
        
       | ipnon wrote:
       | The right side of the bell curve can now program an application
       | worth many dollars per month and zero marginal reproduction
       | costs. The left side of the bell curve is incapable of extending
       | these technologies but increasingly consumes them due to their
       | low cost. This can explain the seemingly paradoxical phenomena of
       | the rich becoming fabulously richer, wage growth stagnating on
       | average, and productivity barely improving. The inventions of the
       | last 50 years were of smart people for smart people. We wanted
       | flying cars on Mars, we ended up exchanging Amazon warehouse jobs
       | for free TikTok.
        
         | npc12345 wrote:
         | There's also people with no high school diplomas making 6
         | figures from advertising on those very same social networks.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | A good hustler can make six figures in a sales job without
           | any diploma.
           | 
           | Sales doesn't care about your credentials, all your boss
           | wants to know is if you can close deals.
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | Productivity is poorly defined and basically impossible to
       | measure. So when discussing it forget any facts and just accept
       | that you will have to talk about it like you do art...
        
         | morninglight wrote:
         | If you regularly visited China over the last 30 years, you
         | would have a clear and dramatic understanding of productivity.
         | 
         | .
        
           | LatteLazy wrote:
           | No, I'd be even more confused:
           | 
           | I'd look at huge building projects and millions of resulting
           | apartments that were built but now had no buyers and were sat
           | empty on some zombie bank's balance sheet. And I would not
           | know whether they were worth sticker price (and China was
           | very productive) or nothing (and China was very unproductive)
           | or anywhere in between.
           | 
           | I'd look at FoxConn with >350000 workers making some of the
           | worlds most popular and profitable consumer electronics, but
           | then I'd see they only make 3.6% profit in a country with
           | >3.7% risk free rate of return and think: they're wasting
           | their time and would be better being liquidated.
           | 
           | It's almost as if big chunks of China are run to keep people
           | busy and employed and meet arbitrary central targets and not
           | to make things people want at a price they will pay...
           | 
           | Actually understanding what productive means, and how to
           | measure it is really really hard. And at every step companies
           | and governments have all sorts of perverse incentives to
           | disguise it.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | > I'd look at huge building projects and millions of
             | resulting apartments that were built but now had no buyers
             | and were sat empty on some zombie bank's balance sheet. And
             | I would not know whether they were worth sticker price (and
             | China was very productive) or nothing (and China was very
             | unproductive) or anywhere in between.
             | 
             | That's just being confused by propaganda. If you look back
             | at all of the Chinese ghost city stories and note the
             | names, virtually all of those cities are full and
             | productive now. I always thought the stories were a line to
             | make excuses for US lack of investment in infrastructure.
        
       | sharemywin wrote:
       | I would think globalization and the shift from manufacturing to
       | services is like a slow tax on productivity. so for every
       | increase in productivity at some office there's a huge negative
       | productivity impact when a factory moves overseas.
        
       | kansface wrote:
       | 1. Technology is making us more productive! Way, way more
       | productive. More or less all of the gains are captured by tech
       | companies who make the technology.
       | 
       | 2. Technology is not necessarily adopted for productivity. It is
       | often adopted to facilitate legibility into the day to day
       | activity of the organization. This is often at the expense of
       | productivity! Moreover, this is often acceptable to management!
        
       | parentheses wrote:
       | Capability != Productivity
       | 
       | Increasing capability means we can do more with less. So we
       | choose to use less resources.
        
         | sascha_sl wrote:
         | Then why is my attendence still required for 8 hours a day, in
         | a field where working 4-6 hours would not significantly
         | decrease my overall productivity, but increase my well-being
         | and capability to build something on my own.
         | 
         | The limiting factor for productivity in the knowledge economy
         | (or any work requiring creativity) hasn't been time for a
         | while, why do we insist on keeping it where it has been since
         | the tail end of the industrial revolution (or slightly earlier
         | / later, depending on where you are).
        
       | smilebot wrote:
       | Why Isn't _every_ new tech making us productive. Some definitely
       | are, diff tracking like github, any comms software, accounting
       | software etc do make us a lot more productive.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/gbNj2
       | 
       | http://web.archive.org/web/20220524170241/https://www.nytime...
        
       | meow_mix wrote:
       | When I think about the productivity adds from tech from the last
       | 20 years, I'm often left wondering why we aren't working _less_ .
       | 
       | Others have mentioned us navigating faster, having neat new
       | gadgets, etc, but fundamentally what I and many others want is
       | more _free time_
        
         | andrekandre wrote:
         | > I'm often left wondering why we aren't working less
         | 
         | isn't that in direct conflict with expectations of compounded
         | annual growth?
         | 
         | what does our economic (and political) models say about that?
         | 
         | because less work == less growth to many people...
        
       | Barrin92 wrote:
       | Because new technology is as Thiel often quips limited to the
       | world of bits rather than the world of atoms. Paul Krugman once
       | asked, if you go into an average house right now and you take out
       | all the screens, could you tell that you're not in the 80s?
       | 
       | Gordon in the _Rise and Fall of American Growth_ gives a similar
       | example, what if you went into a time capsule between say 1890
       | and 1950 compared to 1960 and 2010? In one case you 're going to
       | see skyscrapers, commercial airplanes, nuclear power plants,
       | electricity everywhere, cars going at amazing speeds. In the
       | latter case what's the difference, people paying with their
       | phones and different fashion mostly.
       | 
       | 'Innovation' in the internet age, say the last 30 years has
       | mostly been limited to enable hedonistic digital consumption with
       | very little impact on how we fundamentally move through the
       | world. The difference between a car right now and a car 30 years
       | ago is that you can now play angry birds on a tablet. A 100 years
       | ago to 50 years ago meant going from horse carriages to trains
       | and from weeks on a ship to hours on a plane. Today the average
       | person crosses the Atlantic no faster than we did decades ago.
       | 
       | That's why productivity growth is low, the world hasn't changed
       | that much. There's still marginal improvements obviously which do
       | add up over time but the 'unprecedent pace of innovation' you
       | hear about from tech evangelists is nowhere.
       | 
       | Another interesting thought experiment is, how many digital
       | services, modern tech and so on would you be willing to trade for
       | something mundane, say your dishwasher, a hot shower, the toilet,
       | a car, soap, if you could only have one or the other? I think it
       | really puts into perspective how much or rather little value
       | those 'innovations' add.
        
         | Quinner wrote:
         | 30 years ago in order to navigate somewhere you had to ask
         | someone for directions and write down notes. If you missed a
         | turn, god help you. We fundamentally move through the world
         | vastly differently thanks to digital maps. Many people (and in
         | a few years, the majority) are doing so in cars that use
         | electric motors instead of internal combustion engines.
         | 
         | One way to tell whether you're in an 80s house would be to look
         | around for reference books, encyclopedias, rolodexes, filing
         | cabinets. If you wanted to know more about something, you
         | probably had to go to a library, which might not even have a
         | book on the topic (maybe if you were particularly determined to
         | know the answer you'd wait a few weeks for an ILL).
         | 
         | Its a bit sad to me that you look at this enormous sea change
         | in how we interact with the world and see Angry Birds.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | tunesmith wrote:
           | I think your last sentence is unnecessary. What purpose does
           | it serve?
        
             | burnished wrote:
             | It relates the audience and the author on an emotional
             | level.
        
         | dockd wrote:
         | How about money?
         | 
         | In 1960, you either had to have cash or find a place that took
         | a check to make purchases. Maybe some places took a credit
         | card. Ever have to wait in line behind someone that is writing
         | a check? "Productive" won't come to mind.
         | 
         | To get that cash you had to walk into a bank during banking
         | hours. Then we got ATMs and could get our money any time of
         | day. No more cutting out of work to deposit that royalty check.
         | 
         | More places started taking cards as well as cash. I distinctly
         | remember asking businesses if they took cards _before_ making a
         | purchase. We still had holdouts like restaurants that didn't
         | split the check.
         | 
         | Now look at 2010. Pay with cash/check/card. Wait a few more
         | years and you can do this with your phone. Get your meal tab
         | split however you like. Owe someone money? No more writing
         | checks, going to the ATM, just hit up Venmo.
         | 
         | Now, what's the productivity measure in that? I have no idea.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | Honestly the change is pretty small.
           | 
           | Up until at least the mid 90s everywhere took checks.
           | Honestly today interacting with the cash register at CVS
           | takes longer than writing a check.
           | 
           | Sure, a 30 second check writing reduced to a 10 second tap to
           | pay can be a little bit of an improvement (except when it
           | doesn't work), but really it's not that much better.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > Now, what's the productivity measure in that? I have no
           | idea.
           | 
           | Bordering on nothing, I think, other than that we have the
           | opportunity to make street robbery much less lucrative if we
           | stopped artificially inflating the price of phones, because
           | people don't have to carry cash any more (if they're content
           | with each purchase being recorded and data mined by 20
           | different companies and their government's intelligence
           | agencies.)
           | 
           | Burglary rates have dropped precipitously with cheap big
           | screen tvs and cheap audio players. My dad built his entire
           | young life around putting together his very expensive stereo
           | system, I have a single dirty old bluetooth speaker that
           | sounds nearly as good. Being not worth stealing makes it even
           | better.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > if you go into an average house right now and you take out
         | all the screens, could you tell that you're not in the 80s?
         | 
         | Yes. Even the cheapest house built to code will be noticeably
         | better than one from 1980s. The quality of materials,
         | technology of materials, wiring, plumbing, flooring,
         | insulation, etc will all be better.
         | 
         | > The difference between a car right now and a car 30 years ago
         | is that you can now play angry birds on a tablet
         | 
         | Not true, for similar reasons as above. Name a 2022 Corolla
         | equivalent that could be purchased in the 1980s, safety, fuel
         | efficiency, and reliability wise, at a similar inflation
         | adjusted price. No 1980s car will even come close, and that is
         | just for the most basic car today.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | I have lived in "luxury" apartments lately and they're all
           | filled with the cheapest possible materials. More "advanced"
           | in that as much as possible things are build of engineered
           | materials which end up being a sort of wood and glue foam
           | which are definitely not meant to last.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | "Luxury" is simply a marketing term and has no importance.
             | 
             | The relevant question is how do the cheapest materials
             | today compares to the cheapest materials in the 1980s?
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | I dunno, spending $4000/mo in Mountain View, you tend to
               | have a few expectations. (in other words, it is more or
               | less impossible to rent anything of actual quality)
               | 
               | The garbage materials of today didn't exist nearly as
               | much in the 80s so they'd have to have used at least
               | cheap solid wood instead of sawdust foam.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | That is related to supply and demand of land/housing
               | units. I do not see what it has to do with progress or
               | lack thereof in building materials.
        
           | diordiderot wrote:
           | I read something along the lines of 'a stock 2020 Camero is
           | faster than a 2000 Ferrari' with fewer cylinders
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | My house was built in the early 60s, has hardwood flooring
           | throughout, copper plumbing, the wiring is all in hard
           | conduit, the 2x4's are actually a bit thicker than today's,
           | and of a higher grade. The original windows are still
           | functioning, though not as efficient as modern ones. The
           | appliances are modern because they've all been replaced.
           | 
           | Today's house in the same region uses lower grade lumber,
           | carpeted floors, Romex, and plastic plumbing.
           | 
           | Agreed about the Corolla. I owned a second hand 80s Corolla,
           | and it was the best car I had ever experienced up to that
           | point, but a second hand Corolla would be so much better
           | today.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | You can still get those things from your 60s house, it will
             | simply cost more (adjusted for inflation).
             | 
             | But I do not see how quality of life are any worse with LVT
             | flooring instead of wood, or PEX plumbing instead of
             | copper, or wiring in a hard conduit instead of not wiring
             | in a hard conduit. I would even say quality of life is
             | better. Why would I want to wax wood, and have a more
             | difficult to repair floor. An LVT piece gets damaged, I
             | just pop it out and put a new one in.
             | 
             | Effectively, advances in materials technology has made a
             | home cheaper, and better in my opinion. I would buy a
             | random 2022 house over a random 1960s house anyday.
        
             | rablackburn wrote:
             | The hardwood floors sound nice, but as far as I'm aware
             | plastic plumbing is much more preferable over copper.
             | 
             | Need to fix a leak in a copper pipe? Get ready to weld and
             | bend pipes. Need to fix a plastic pipe? Unscrew that
             | section, and screw in a new one. No drama.
        
             | jbay808 wrote:
             | Quality seems to go through ups and downs, probably in line
             | with economic cycles and periods of scarcity. Here, houses
             | built in the 20s and earlier were made with high quality
             | lumber that is scarcely available these days. I notice that
             | rebuilders and renovations of these old houses are careful
             | to maintain the base wood layers even when they completely
             | strip the facing and almost everything else.
        
         | systemvoltage wrote:
         | I agree, instead of critiqueing and truly reflecting on what
         | went wrong, and what to do to fix it; technologists are
         | obsessed with over-praising of how things have gotten better.
         | It misses the point that "We could have done _a lot_ better "
         | if we weren't so stagnant.
         | 
         | America was a powerhouse of innovation in 1950-1970 both in
         | private and public sectors. The progress was impossibly
         | exponential.
         | 
         | First step is admission of failure.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
         | Personal computers have become a distraction, like TV sets.
         | People watching TV are generally not very productive.1 Before
         | the internet we referred to TV as "the opiate of the masses".2
         | Not only do we now have a worse figurative opiate than TV in
         | the form of today's www,3 we have the legalisation of literal
         | opiates for the masses thanks to Purdue Pharma.
         | 
         | 1 A plaintiff's lawyer specialising in class action securities
         | fraud litigation might be one exception. He might be watching
         | CNBC and drafting a new complaint at the same time. :)
         | 
         | 2
         | https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,809673...
         | 
         | 3 Circa 1996
         | https://github.com/mikemurr/nc110/blob/master/scripts/web
         | 
         | "The web sucks. It is a mighty dismal kludge built out of a
         | thousand tiny dismal kludges all band-aided together, and now
         | these bottom-line clueless pinheads who never heard of "TCP
         | handshake" want to run _commerce_ over the damn thing. Ye godz.
         | Welcome to TV of the next century -- six million channels of
         | worthless shit to choose from, and about as much security as
         | today 's cable industry!"
         | 
         | I am still using original netcat every day to deal with the
         | dismal kludges band-aided together, now run by pinheads.
         | Although I use scripts I write myself instead of those of the
         | author, netcat's simplicity, portability and reliability over
         | 26 years is one of the few things I still enjoy about the www.
         | In the rare chance he still uses the www and reads HN, thank
         | you Mr Walker for one of the best programs ever written, not to
         | mention the entertaining source code comments.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | There's a weird disconnect with computers.
         | 
         | The software we use is 1000 times more complex than it was 20
         | years ago, leading to performance that really have not improved
         | a lot, and a lot of functional stagnation. Many applications
         | are slower to start today than they were 10 years ago, because
         | back then they were binaries and today they are Electron apps.
         | Your average web based word processor with cloud storage
         | performs about the same as Microsoft Word did on Windows 3.1 on
         | a 486 saving onto a floppy. Screens are bigger, resolutions are
         | bigger, but the content is largely the same because the limit
         | is human perception not technology.
         | 
         | If you actually keep things simple, you can build absolutely
         | ridiculous things off modern hardware. I'm running an Internet
         | search engine out of my living room. You could not that 20
         | years ago. What makes it possible is modern SSDs and the
         | absolutely mind-boggling computing power of modern CPU.
        
           | Tagbert wrote:
           | Word Processing is maybe not the best example. Human needs in
           | terms of writing documents have not changed significantly in
           | the last 20-30 years. The mechanics are not the bottleneck.
           | neither is application startup time. I know that it is
           | something you can measure but I don't agree that it is a
           | significant data point. I generally only start a word
           | processor once per day and then it stays running as I move
           | between writing tasks and other tasks. Startup is an
           | insignificant part of that time.
           | 
           | Other tasks have become more efficient in that time period.
           | Anything involving graphics has gotten much easier to do on
           | computers than before and can be done by more people. Project
           | Management tools are much faster and easier to use.
           | 
           | What I do see in a corporate world is an emphasis efficiency
           | that requires spending a lot more time tasks and running
           | alternate scenarios to be more efficient. This seems more
           | doable now because some of these things are easier but its
           | too easy to ignore the time spent doing more of this kind of
           | thing.
        
           | KronisLV wrote:
           | > The software we use is 1000 times more complex than it was
           | 20 years ago, leading to performance that really have not
           | improved a lot, and a lot of functional stagnation. Many
           | applications are slower to start today than they were 10
           | years ago, because back then they were binaries and today
           | they are Electron apps.
           | 
           | Also known as Wirth's law:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirth%27s_law
           | 
           | Sometimes it worries me. If we had a boring set of usable and
           | safe tools to use for development, that would also be pretty
           | fast, i wouldn't have to update my hardware every 5 years or
           | so. But JetBrains IDE's (just one example) basically demand
           | that I do, if I want their other shiny features.
           | 
           | Perhaps something like Java instead of Python. Perhaps
           | something like Go instead of Java. Perhaps something like
           | Rust instead of Go.
           | 
           | Just boring (predictable), stable and dependable programming
           | languages, supported on every platform with a set of native
           | libraries. Perhaps a bit like what LCL did in regards to GUI
           | in particular:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarus_Component_Library
        
         | dilyevsky wrote:
         | > Paul Krugman once asked, if you go into an average house
         | right now and you take out all the screens, could you tell that
         | you're not in the 80s?
         | 
         | It's clear to me krugman never held a hammer in his life bc
         | that is just laughable statement
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | Are there a lot more hammers now than in the 80s?
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | > could you tell that you're not in the 80s?
         | 
         | Well yes, because we have solar panels and heat pumps and
         | battery powered power tools and vacuum cleaners and dishwashers
         | and microwave ovens and smart lights and ...
         | 
         | You wouldn't expect walls and carpets to change.
        
           | musicale wrote:
           | Not to mention:
           | 
           | Ugly (but very bright and power efficient, and cooler) LED
           | lighting. Bright blue power LEDs on everything. Less
           | fluorescent, minimal incandescent lighting.
           | 
           | Everyone is working at home.
           | 
           | Few books, no newspapers or print magazines, no typewriters,
           | maybe even no wired telephone.
           | 
           | The post office only delivers packages and "junk mail."
           | 
           | No "long distance" phone charges.
           | 
           | New/improved appliances: air fryers, instant pot/automated
           | pressure/multifunction cookers, high-efficiency washing
           | machines, etc.. Fewer toaster ovens and gas ranges or ovens.
           | 
           | Mandatory smoke alarms and carbon monoxide alarms.
           | 
           | Lower power usage for most appliances.
           | 
           | No bottle returns. Much more "recycling" and industrial
           | compost.
           | 
           | No large stereo systems, AM/FM radio, cassette players, or
           | boom boxes. Fewer (and poorer quality) record players.
           | 
           | Home delivery of everything via amazon, grocery delivery,
           | restaurant food delivery, etc.. UPS, FedEx and Amazon deliver
           | many more packages than the USPS.
           | 
           | Fewer people actually own their houses.
           | 
           | Student loan debt. More monthly bills in general.
        
           | kareemsabri wrote:
           | > vacuum cleaners
           | 
           | mainstream since at least the 1950s
           | 
           | > dishwashers
           | 
           | 1970s
           | 
           | > microwave ovens
           | 
           | available but fairly expensive in the 80s, ubiquitous in the
           | 90s
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | The point was vacuums etc have gotten a lot better over
             | time.
             | 
             | Electric motors are noticeably lighter, more powerful, and
             | more energy efficient today. Yes vacuums in the 1980's
             | worked but they where significantly heavier, louder, and
             | far more power hungry not to mention more expensive. It
             | might not seem like much but I remember the exhaust from
             | the family vacuum being noticeably warm. It's even more
             | noticeable with cordless vacuums which got not just better
             | motors but vastly better batteries as well.
             | 
             | Often it's the parts you don't notice that make a world of
             | difference. The finger saver shutoff on a modern saw might
             | not seem like much, but those things really make a
             | difference in peoples lives.
        
               | musicale wrote:
               | > finger saver shutoff
               | 
               | Probably a feature I wouldn't want to give up.
        
               | musicale wrote:
               | The Dyson bagless/root cyclonic vacuum design completely
               | took over.
               | 
               | "Hoovering" really became dysoning.
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | Hmm, in the US anyway they started to get inexpensive by
             | 1980 or so, same as VCRs.
        
           | simplify wrote:
           | Flooring has changed too. Carpets are better looking and more
           | resilient. Click vinyl is stronger, has good texture, easier
           | to install, and is super durable.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | DanBC wrote:
           | > You wouldn't expect walls and carpets to change
           | 
           | Yes, but even there we're not using flammable polystyrene
           | ceiling tiles, nor asbestos floor tiles and asbestos glue any
           | more.
        
             | musicale wrote:
             | Window insulation and heating/cooling efficiency are often
             | greatly improved as well.
             | 
             | Also air conditioning is ubiquitous.
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | It's funny to see all the replies missing the point. I agree
         | there have been few "step changes" in the way we do things. The
         | biggest real one I can think of is the capabilities of small
         | motors, that enable things like drones and battery power tools.
         | But not a step change, just an incremental improvement.
         | 
         | People had high hopes for mRNA, (no doubt people will take this
         | the wrong way) but so far it seems to have been way overhyped.
         | That kind of thing - the ability to arbitrarily protect against
         | viruses - would potentially qualify.
         | 
         | Overall I think the world is in decline progress wise, even as
         | we make incremental gains in previously discovered tech, we
         | lose e.g. Concorde or moon landings or even open borders. And
         | soon the availability of internal combustion engines to the
         | masses if elites have their way.
         | 
         | Other than the neotlithic and industrial revolution, humanity
         | has mostly languished. We could easily be in for more of that.
        
         | humanistbot wrote:
         | > if you go into an average house right now and you take out
         | all the screens, could you tell that you're not in the 80s?
         | 
         | > The difference between a car right now and a car 30 years ago
         | is that you can now play angry birds on a tablet.
         | 
         | Energy efficiency and fuel economy have made massive gains.
         | Materials are stronger and lighter. Batteries last ages
         | compared to 30 years ago.
        
           | adhesive_wombat wrote:
           | Also they go wrong a hell of a lot less often. 80s cars were
           | mostly complete shit and no one was sorry to see them go.
           | 
           | Also if you crash one, you're vastly less likely to die.
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_r5UJrxcck
             | 
             | I always liked this IIHS crash test: 1959 Chevrolet Bel Air
             | vs. 2009 Chevrolet Malibu
             | 
             | It really shows the progress. Seatbelts, the "rigid cage"
             | to protect the driver, air bags, etc. etc.
             | 
             | The 1959 Bel Air crash-dummy is clearly dead, bouncing
             | around the cabin during the crash.
             | 
             | The 2009 Malibu crash-dummy has a sprained neck and the
             | face hurts from hitting the air-bag, but clearly survives.
        
               | adhesive_wombat wrote:
               | I see 50s-80s cars on TV and all I can visualise is that
               | thin metal hoop steering wheel bisecting my face like a
               | melon.
        
         | acjacobson wrote:
         | I mostly agree, though I think there are differences you'd
         | notice rather quickly (but nothing as big as moving from 1890
         | to 1950)
         | 
         | If you removed all the screens you'd probably first notice
         | what's missing as opposed to what's different. In many of
         | today's homes you wouldn't see things like tape / record
         | players, stereos, VCRs, telephones, books, maps, yellow pages,
         | rolodexes, calendars - all of these having a digital
         | replacement.
         | 
         | And depending on the affluence of the home you'd notice a lot
         | more variety of specialty things - for example kitchen
         | equipment (espresso machines, burr coffee grinders, instant
         | pots, sous vide machines, mini blow torches, automatic ice
         | cream makers). There are thousands of available board games now
         | compared to the 80s - and it is super easy to have specialty
         | hobby items as they're cheap and readily available. If you went
         | to the grocery store you'd see a far greater variety of
         | vegetables, prepared foods, cheeses, meats, "exotic"
         | ingredients etc.
         | 
         | I think the big differences are around convenience, variety,
         | and availability - and for whatever reason they don't feel
         | quite as big, even though the work that goes into making that
         | possible is astoundingly large and complex.
        
       | FredPret wrote:
       | Have a look at our GDP per capita graph and tell me again we're
       | not more productive. We're working less and less and making more
       | and more. Some of it is commercial and social innovation, but a
       | lot is technology as well.
       | 
       | I work as a specific type of tech consultant to medium-sized
       | companies, and it's wondrous to behold how easy we can make many
       | aspects of business. Critical functions that took multiple
       | handshakes, paper mail, multiple mistakes, and at least a week
       | now take pre-arranged agreements, API's, and they happen in maybe
       | two seconds, almost always perfectly, and before anybody even
       | realizes.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | Writing or titling an article with an obviously false premise
         | is an easy way to invoke emotions and get clicks.
         | 
         | Sort of related to this:
         | 
         | https://xkcd.com/386/
        
           | pcthrowaway wrote:
           | The phenomenon is also called Cunningham's Law:
           | https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cunningham%27s_Law
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Well, for the lazy, there's a nice summary here:
         | 
         | https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?location...
         | 
         | I've pre-selected a few lines because the problem is supposed
         | to exist on the data of rich countries. You can deselect them
         | at the blue bar at the top of the page (it's not obvious).
         | 
         | I couldn't cut the data in any way that showed the issue ever
         | existed. There is an half decade long decrease on the wealth of
         | the poorer countries but nothing else on this graph.
         | 
         | Anyway, "productivity" isn't GDP per capta. It's close to the
         | GDP divided by the total worked hours. The fact that the GDP
         | per capta is increasing (I didn't expect this) really puts the
         | productivity problem in an entirely new light.
        
           | DANK_YACHT wrote:
           | The graph looks linear. If productivity gains were increasing
           | (or even staying constant), you'd expect it to be more than
           | linear. This implies the rate of productivity change is
           | decreasing.
        
       | angarg12 wrote:
       | One thing I don't see mentioned often is that productivity in
       | software development has skyrocketed, but it's hard to
       | appreciate. Today's services are much more sophisticated and
       | complex than just a decade ago. Even if some of that complexity
       | is incidental and undesirable, it's undeniable that today a small
       | team can pump out a much more refined app that entire companies
       | did back then.
       | 
       | This isn't only guess work, here is a real example: when I joined
       | my first shop we had 2 sysadmin working full time to maintain a
       | couple dozen servers. Over time they started introducing
       | virtualization, automation, devops... by the end of my 7 year
       | tenure, we had 250+ servers and only one sysadmin part time
       | working on them. That's between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude
       | improvement, and my company wasn't special by any means.
        
         | kareemsabri wrote:
         | I'm genuinely curious about this, and would like to see some
         | data. When I started coding professionally the LAMP stack was
         | the go-to, and your program would generally just do all the
         | "work" in the context of a web request and then render an HTML
         | page in response.
         | 
         | Now, the systems are much more complex for sure (queues and
         | asynchronous processing, event buses, microservices, multiple
         | databases for different purposes) but I'm not sure that
         | (functionality provided to business) / (number of developers)
         | has increased all that much.
         | 
         | Of course I could be dealing with a bias because as a novice
         | programmer I worked on simpler programs and now I work on more
         | complex / powerful programs.
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | Look at: Google Maps, Figma, any advanced enough web mail,
           | Office 360.
           | 
           | Think about implementing these using the LAMP stack +
           | Javascript from 2000.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | You could also less charitably read that "growth" as using 250
         | servers to do the same job you previously did with two. I guess
         | that's growth for sever manufacturers, but I'd expect with more
         | powerful hardware we'd need fewer servers, rather than more.
        
           | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
           | what you're missing is customer numbers. If you go from 20
           | servers to 200, and have 100x the customers, that's a massive
           | win.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | Yes, but a person can write a paper just as well in Wordperfect
         | 5 as the latest Google Doc or Office365 Word. How many millions
         | of dev-hours have been expended on stuff that fundamentally
         | doesn't do anything _new_?
         | 
         | Edit: saying they don't do anything new isn't right. They do,
         | especially with regards to collaboration. What I really mean is
         | that they don't make the essential task -- the actual writing
         | -- much easier. That's still human/mental work. Once you have
         | come up with the words, putting the words into a document is
         | the easy part.
        
           | humanrebar wrote:
           | Collaborative editing is an essential task in my job. Go back
           | twenty years and folks were emailing copies of copies of
           | drafts back and forth. Today, two authors use two keyboards
           | and two screens and just type. That's very different.
        
           | musicale wrote:
           | > write a paper just as well in Wordperfect 5 as the latest
           | Google Doc or Office365 Word
           | 
           | Google docs and Overleaf have dramatically improved my
           | collaborative writing workflow.
           | 
           | Long-distance collaboration is also drastically cheaper and
           | easier than it used to be.
        
           | KronisLV wrote:
           | > Saying they don't do anything new isn't right.
           | 
           | Perhaps it's possible that some people simply don't see the
           | benefit of the newly added functionality, because they don't
           | really use it?
           | 
           | For example, personally I'd be served perfectly well with
           | something like LibreOffice, so from my point of view, all of
           | these new solutions do not indeed do much new (that I'd
           | benefit from) and sometimes do things worse (cloud based
           | platform with all the drawbacks that come with it vs local
           | software in open formats).
           | 
           | That's not to say that the point that you're making wouldn't
           | be important, quite on the contrary - and even if the
           | software doesn't do anything _new_ , even in those cases one
           | can make an argument for refinement being a worthy pursuit
           | (as long as it's not a useless rewrite).
           | 
           | Perhaps text editing isn't the best example, given how
           | different people's expectations can be in that regard.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | > a person can write a paper just as well in Wordperfect 5 as
           | the latest Google Doc or Office365 Word
           | 
           | That seems hard to believe; try printing, or formatting. It's
           | like saying 'a person can fly just as well in a 1930s biplane
           | or a current 737.' Sure, they both fly.
           | 
           | On the other hand, am I more productive in 2022 Emacs than I
           | would be in 1985 Emacs?
        
       | greggman3 wrote:
       | what is the definition of productive? In 1985 I had a one month
       | $1200 phone bill (well, the bill was to my dad) from calling my
       | girlfriend on the other side of the country. I wrote letters to
       | her on paper and sent them via snail mail.
       | 
       | Today I video chat and play network games with my friend's 7yr
       | old son 8000 kilometers away.
       | 
       | In that same time I had an Atari 1200XL and it took several
       | minutes to run the assembler to cross compile the C64 game I was
       | working on. Today I can do far more impressive things from any
       | browser just using jsfiddle/codepen and things run instantly.
       | 
       | Today I can make music in Garageband, Ableton, and all the
       | alternatives in minutes. In the mid 80s my dad had to use a 4
       | track reel-to-reel with overdub and he had to be able to actually
       | play all the instruments.
       | 
       | Today I can grab blender/resolve/fusion and compete with almost
       | any TV show on quality and broadcast my stuff for free on
       | youtube. Vs in the 80s/90s when that would have taking a huge
       | team of people and $$$$$$$$ in equipment plus access to either
       | retail and VHS copies or access to broadcast gate keepers.
       | 
       | Unreal/Unity have vastly increased productivity in games. Just go
       | to any gamejam and look at how far people used to their tools can
       | get in 2 days vs what they could make in the same amount of time
       | in the mid-80s. Or look at the explosion of games on places like
       | itch.io.
       | 
       | Even typing documents. Typing in this textarea in HN is way
       | easier than typing was on my Atari 800 in Atariwriter and the
       | moment I press "add comment" it's published for all to see. Same
       | with twitter/facebook/google docs/blogger/wordpress. Consider how
       | much work and how many people it would have taking to do anything
       | similar in the 80s. Write document, typeset document, get printer
       | to print 1000s of copies, mail them to people, have mail people
       | carry and deliver them....
       | 
       | Contacting people in general and being able to send them
       | documents, photos, videos, is free and trival today. Would have
       | taken 10s of people and days to weeks just 40 yrs ago.
       | 
       | Maybe "jobs" in general have not but lots of things have gotten
       | incredibly easy, raising what is possible to produce (in
       | otherwords, be productive)
        
       | b0rsuk wrote:
        
       | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
       | It is.
       | 
       | https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/11/productivity-workforc...
        
       | LesZedCB wrote:
       | Marx had a lot to say about this over 150 years ago...
       | 
       | the answer lies in that technology absolutely _does_ make us more
       | productive.
       | 
       | the benefits of that reduction in cost, however, tend to move
       | upward rather than downward, at least when it comes to labor
       | value.
       | 
       | this is basically chapter 1 from das kapital.
       | 
       | of course, these kind of articles serve as propaganda by
       | comflating ideas and watering down the critical analysis.
        
       | turzmo wrote:
       | Curious how productivity is measured. Tried skimming the
       | associated government PDF from the article, but it is lost on me:
       | 
       | "Nonfarm business sector labor productivity decreased 7.5 percent
       | in the first quarter of 2022, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
       | reported today, as output decreased 2.4 percent and hours worked
       | increased 5.5 percent"
       | 
       | How is this "output" measured, and what does it include? Has it
       | kept up with the times? If I produce more Furbies for cheaper,
       | does this productivity number go up? What if I create an ad-
       | supported iPhone game as a solo developer that reaches millions
       | of people? Does that factor into "output" somehow? Is the
       | accounting different if I sell the game on the App Store, without
       | ads instead? Did an educational company that recorded VHS tapes
       | of science lectures for schools count into productivity before,
       | but now that there is high-quality "free" (ad-supported) content
       | on the internet, that no longer is a producing segment of our
       | economy?
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | After a certain threshold, it is clear that human behavior
       | exhibits many types of compensations, risk compensation as one,
       | but I'm sure (from my personal experience) that there is
       | productivity compensation.
       | 
       | Analysis done over the last century across many countries show
       | that everyone is working fewer hours per year as we transition
       | from an agricultural to a knowledge based economy; this likely
       | means that people want to relax and that new productivity gains
       | will be compensated by fewer working hours and more relaxation.
        
       | dbtc wrote:
       | Perhaps because too much of it is designed to turn people into
       | products, rather than producers.
        
       | jacobedawson wrote:
       | Another poster compared 1890 to 1950 - jumping from one to the
       | other would be obviously shocking, from 1960 - 2020 perhaps less-
       | so, physically.
       | 
       | Still, I find it amazing that in 2022, I:
       | 
       | - Work from home via the internet with people I've never met -
       | Visit places I've never been in simulated 3D to build familiarity
       | - Receive exact routes to virtually anywhere from a computer in
       | my pocket - Video call with my family in real-time literally from
       | one side of the planet to another. - Have Copilot autocompleting
       | repetitive lines of code for me with (ok, 60% - 70% of the
       | time..) incredible prescience - Get real-time translation of
       | foreign text from a printed page
       | 
       | Those are just some of the the most common examples from my daily
       | life. The productivity gains are real, at least for me
       | personally.
        
         | commandlinefan wrote:
         | I'm still inclined to mostly agree with OP who said that a
         | visitor from 1880 to 1950 would be far more in awe than a
         | visitor from 1950 to 2020, but it is funny sometimes how
         | incredulous my kids are when I tell them that, for example,
         | there was literally no way to open up a device that told you
         | where you were when I was growing up.
        
       | rybosworld wrote:
       | This is such a dumb article.
        
       | koliber wrote:
       | Productivity has grown! But not for everyone, sadly.
       | 
       | Some people are now magnitudes more productive than they were
       | before. But that requires an understanding of technology, and a
       | drive for improving tools, process, and themselves. The people
       | who can do this effectively are reaping the productivity
       | benefits.
       | 
       | Sadly, not everyone is. Some people don't want to do it. Many
       | don't have access to the the instruction that would allow them to
       | unlock these productivity gains. Many productivity tools continue
       | to suffer from usability issues, which limit who can harness
       | them.
       | 
       | I'm an optimist. The past has show that eventually, most people
       | can benefit from productivity gains. It takes time for tools to
       | become easy enough for the majority to benefit from them. It's
       | happening all around us.
        
         | ausbah wrote:
         | is this something limited to software engineering ? other
         | specific fields? practices like communication?
        
       | pdimitar wrote:
       | Replying only to the title:
       | 
       | Because nobody wants to be "the idiot who pays for innovation
       | from which all our competitors will also benefit". It's like the
       | arms race that the countries all over the world do; you might
       | swear to everything that's holy you're peaceful but you don't
       | know if your neighbor is an a-hole so you arm yourself just in
       | case.
       | 
       | The amount of handy scripts and clever engineering solutions I've
       | come up with in personal and freelance projects beats any
       | salaried work creativity by 10x, if not 50x even. Regularly.
       | 
       | But after 20 years in the profession I learned not to offer these
       | solutions in my regular work. The other programmers will
       | mercilessly rip apart any of your ideas and will ask for
       | literally every other way for you to do it and not the one you
       | suggested. Nevermind that it's none of their damned business how
       | I deliver the end result (I mean if it does NOT involve code to
       | maintain in the future -- obviously).
       | 
       | It's weird. Guess we have some very common and stereotypical
       | weaknesses?
       | 
       | But whatever the case, I gradually learned to keep my mouth shut
       | and get the job done by any means necessary.
       | 
       | It's better to ask for an apology than for permission, I have
       | found empirically.
        
       | doubleocherry wrote:
       | Generally, because of Conway's law:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%27s_law
        
         | lmkg wrote:
         | Also, because of Sturgeon's Law:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturgeon's_law
        
           | pwthornton wrote:
           | And my axe.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | bmitc wrote:
       | Most of today's technology keeps us busy but does not make us
       | more productive.
       | 
       | Productivity via the hand of technology requires a true
       | commitment to develop technology that augments human activity
       | rather than replace it. Since that is most certainly not what we
       | do with modern technology, we end up with systems that poorly
       | replace humans _and_ provide terrible interfaces between humans
       | and those systems. Thus, it keeps us busy but not productive.
       | 
       | With regard to consumer technology, it is explicitly designed to
       | keep consumers more busy than productive. A productive consumer
       | gets in the pool and gets out. A busy consumer gets in the pool
       | and stays there until the skin wrinkles and still lingers.
        
       | gz5 wrote:
       | The gains are there but are mainly realized by the winning
       | companies - I don't think they could have scaled like this
       | otherwise?
       | 
       | + Microsoft went from about $25B in annual revenue to ~200B in
       | the past 20 years.
       | 
       | + Apples currently holds about $200B in cash.
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | I was rather disappointed in Lohr (author of this piece) as he is
       | smart and was around in the 1990s for Solow's famous quip "We see
       | the computer age everywhere except in the productivity
       | statistics".
       | 
       | In the age of the desktop computer the iPhone would have been a
       | flop (especially in the US's then-backwards wireless
       | environment). It takes time for people to understand a new
       | capability and for it to reach the point where it's worth
       | ditching current practice. My aging parents still like to have a
       | meeting (with their lawyer for example) that could have been a
       | phone call or even email; they still visit the bank in person
       | etc. I can't be bothered with any of that.
       | 
       | The call center makes a good example: I have seen a company that
       | uses machine learning to make the _outbound_ call: it can wait
       | patiently on hold and even do some transactions with the human in
       | the call center. Things like that don't show up in the stats yet;
       | the real change will be replacing most of the call center ppl
       | with an API, and with the humans there to handle the _really_
       | hard problems.
        
         | ebiester wrote:
         | Recently, with my husband's work, I saw three one-hour meetings
         | turn into over 200 emails because someone doing the work
         | refused to get on the phone and misunderstood the written word.
         | 
         | I am skeptical that email is that much more productive for many
         | people.
        
           | bsmith wrote:
           | Depends on the context. Just yesterday, I called the city
           | parking, because I had made a payment the previous day, but I
           | never received confirmation. After the separate ten minute
           | queues just to be hung up on really frustrated me. I sent a
           | short email to an email address I could find, and they fixed
           | my issue within two hours of sending it.
        
           | jseliger wrote:
           | I've observed similar issues:
           | https://seliger.com/2015/08/02/how-computers-have-made-
           | grant...
           | 
           | Lowering the friction of process often results in more
           | process, but not more result.
        
           | Theitheave42 wrote:
           | For sure! I'm definitely hoping to see more workers and
           | employees used to short conference calls while growing up on
           | Skype and Discord. So perhaps as the new generations come
           | into the workforce we'll see it much more. Definitely seems
           | like I'm much more efficient with my peers while discussing
           | stuff over voice than text.
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | > refused to get on the phone
           | 
           | So your solution to this attitude is to insist more on
           | meetings and phone calls ?
           | 
           | Did anyone ask that person why they came to hate getting on
           | the phone that much ?
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Although I've been using networked email as a primary
           | communications channel for my entire computing life (since
           | ~1978), I did work for a couple of large companies before it
           | was widely adopted and you simply cannot imagine the amount
           | of infrastructure required to produce and move physical paper
           | documents around, not to mention disseminating mass
           | communications. Moving that all online was a _massive_
           | improvement, even with its drawbacks.
           | 
           | Now it's been ubiquitous for a while, people now try to deal
           | with the drawbacks.
        
             | samatman wrote:
             | The cliche of 'started in the mailroom' is expired by now
             | but it was there for a reason. Businesses had a whole
             | division whose job was to collect, shuffle, and deliver
             | manila envelopes. Someone would come around with a push
             | cart and drop them in the inbox.
             | 
             | Working in the mailroom was an entry-level, menial job, but
             | one which rewarded intelligence and afforded a unique view
             | into the function of the company.
        
           | Tagbert wrote:
           | Email has its place for lower priority communication where
           | fast response and interaction is not important.
           | 
           | Text chat is good for interaction but it can bog down with a
           | lot of back and forth and sometimes the meaning is hard to
           | get across. The latency while better than email is still slow
           | and people will often not ask questions that they should.
           | 
           | When those channels are not enough I'll initiate a quick
           | voice/video call with one or a few people to go over a
           | specific topic. Generally we can clarify the situation
           | through some quick questions and answers. The latency is low
           | and answers often invoke other questions. You can usually
           | reach an agreement very quickly that way.
        
         | mikkergp wrote:
         | The call center seems to be like the standard MBA case of a
         | cost center to optimize but where efficiency is only half
         | correlated with positive customer experience. I mean if you can
         | route people to the right place, and get peoples questions
         | answered quickly it's great, but that leaves a long tail of
         | people in the nightmare situation of digging through phone
         | trees, dealing with untrained staff, or having someone try to
         | cut a call short rather than give you the best experience.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | The only real advance in call center tech in the last twenty
           | years (imo) has been the "press 1 to be called back in the
           | order your call was received".
        
             | I_dev_outdoors wrote:
             | My dentist has a PBX setup so that when you call and you
             | don't get anyone or leave a voicemail, you get a link in a
             | SMS with a link to schedule a call back.
        
       | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
       | Because it is the wrong technology. Take project managent Saas
       | for example. Every single one of them don't focus on the big
       | picture. Not a single one tries to make users effective instead
       | of efficient.
        
       | adhesive_wombat wrote:
       | Manafacturing productivity is though the roof. PCBs are
       | incredibly cheap now, and lead times are in days. Micros that can
       | do almost anything, bristling with peripherals and programmable
       | in C or even just running Linux, rather than hand assembly or
       | discrete circuits. Dedicated devices that cost cents handle tasks
       | that used to take organisations months and months to design. All
       | sorts of materials make things that used to be impossible
       | routine. Machine control of all sorts is mind-blowing in
       | precision, reliability and speed. You can get things lasered,
       | printed, sintered, cast, moulded, routed, milled, waterjetted,
       | EDMed, whatever, at prices and turnarounds that would have been
       | complete fantasy in the past.
        
         | ryukoposting wrote:
         | I was thinking something similar (if narrower). In my universe
         | (embedded systems), we have entire BLE stacks-in-a-box shipped
         | to us by manufacturers now. That would have been inconceivable
         | 20 years ago. Now more than ever, peripherals can be
         | interconnected using a little bit-twiddling, automating a lot
         | of the system logic that would have been handled explicitly in
         | the past.
         | 
         | To be fair, none of that matters if we aren't actually doing
         | useful things with the fancy microcontrollers.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | I am actually writing a book about this - and my thesis is
       | "software literacy". Software is a form of literacy and people
       | need to a) be literate b) have tools and permissions and culture
       | to allow people to basically code their own solutions.
       | 
       | Most large companies have a sort of process-killing-glass-ceiling
       | where only excel spreadsheets can pass through.
        
       | akrymski wrote:
       | What a joke, I'm literally reading this while my robot vacuum is
       | cleaning the house.
        
       | orcul wrote:
       | A much better question would be: given all this new tech, why
       | aren't we working less?
        
         | jaqalopes wrote:
         | The rich people who own the tech are, you and I are not.
        
       | kkfx wrote:
       | ...Because new technology is not build for us but against us for
       | a little group of IT giants interests... Simply.
       | 
       | Classic desktops are for productivity BUT they do not generate
       | enough lock-in nor give their main devs such a tight grip as
       | actual systems and so on.
       | 
       | Unfortunately to understand people need to know both models,
       | witch is highly unlikely outside IT techies community and even
       | unlikely inside it...
        
       | deanCommie wrote:
       | There is an infamous anecdote from the turn/mid of the 20th
       | century:
       | 
       | People believed that innovations in vacuum cleaners, washing
       | machines, etc would cause people to have more leisure time
       | because of how much time it saved in cleaning.
       | 
       | But it didn't happen. Why?
       | 
       | Because people's expectations for hygiene and cleanliness went
       | up. And as it became easier to clean houses and clothes, people
       | were more comfortable with having larger houses, and more
       | clothes.
       | 
       | Technology innovation is much the same way. As capabilities
       | increase so do expectations. And the "economy" is all about
       | expectations and aspirations.
        
         | throwaway1777 wrote:
         | except it did save a lot of time. Have you ever tried to wash
         | clothes by hand? Increased standard of living counts in terms
         | of increased productivity.
        
         | lordgrenville wrote:
         | Exactly. We have a lot more free time, we've just raised our
         | leisure standards (dining out more frequently, traveling more)
         | and come up with more forms of entertainment (social media,
         | streaming platforms, gaming). That this sounds to most of us
         | like a wasted opportunity might be because these things are not
         | very fulfilling, or it might just be the hedonic treadmill.
        
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