[HN Gopher] Crypto Might Have an Insider Trading Problem
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       Crypto Might Have an Insider Trading Problem
        
       Author : IdEntities
       Score  : 112 points
       Date   : 2022-05-21 14:03 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
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 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wsj.com)
        
       | exdsq wrote:
       | When I worked in crypto I knew news before release and, if I
       | wanted, could trade on it. If there was a delay it'd almost
       | always cause a minor crash, so I could short. On the other hand
       | big investors or collaborations would give the price a hike. All
       | perfectly legal, but I didn't for ethical reasons.
        
       | vegai_ wrote:
       | Nooo way, really?
        
         | BonoboIO wrote:
         | I m shocked
        
           | lb1lf wrote:
           | As it goes in 'Casablanca' -
           | 
           | Capt. Renault - "I am shocked, shocked to find that gambling
           | is going on in here!"
           | 
           | (Croupier hands him a neat pile of money.) "Your winnings,
           | Sir"
           | 
           | Renault - "Oh, thank you very much!"
        
       | jrm4 wrote:
       | Of course it does. But if you're thinking that e.g. the stock
       | market is any better, you're _wildly_ naive. In the stock market,
       | the griminess has been developed and institutionalized, and still
       | gets away with silliness like  "dark pools."
       | 
       | Crypto is also very much a mess in this regard, but you have a
       | much greater shot at fairness, given that to some extent,
       | blockchains must be visible and open.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | curiousgal wrote:
       | I mean the list of common types of market misconduct that have
       | been outlawed by regulators are a play book for crypto markets
       | (spoofing, frontrunning, insider trading, etc) why wouldn't they
       | be?
        
         | notacoward wrote:
         | You forgot "pump and dump" which is practically the _essence_
         | of how crypto works in the real world. Also money laundering.
        
           | tyrfing wrote:
           | Chamath did it better. Even in the stock market it's not a
           | crime to make billions peddling nonsense to retail.
        
           | martin8412 wrote:
           | Buying/selling artificially inflated art to conceal where the
           | money came from indeed
        
       | cde-v wrote:
       | I thought this was a feature of crypto, not a bug?
        
       | throwawayfora wrote:
       | Go to a place where product managers and engineers from Coinbase
       | and Robinhood go for breakfast, lunch, dinner, alcohol, or coffee
       | 
       | They are very open about insider trading
        
         | jiveturkey wrote:
         | Are COIN and HOOD WFO companies?
        
       | jollybean wrote:
       | Large swaths, possibly even the majority of crypto/NFT trading is
       | wash trading i.e. people selling stuff to themselves to prop up
       | the market.
        
         | ChainOfFools wrote:
         | Turns out that anonymity of market actors and decentralization
         | of market behavior are completely orthogonal objectives. Who
         | knew?
        
       | pengaru wrote:
       | When I briefly paid attention to Monero/XMR and ran a mining rig
       | it was glaringly obvious that every time they changed the
       | algorithm, something Monero deliberately did(does?) regularly for
       | anti-ASIC reasons, those participating in the development would
       | have their miners active effectively across the changeover with
       | zero down time.
       | 
       | It seemed pretty close to insider trading to me. While the
       | network was getting back to its previous aggregate hash rate the
       | difficulty would be exceptionally low, so everyone closely
       | involved had a window of easy mining every time the algo changed.
       | It would take days for the aggregate hash rate to recover 100%...
        
         | Blahah wrote:
         | It's not insider information because the information is
         | accessible and discoverable. Anyone who wants to can follow the
         | development plans, run their own nodes, pull and build the new
         | branches, etc.
         | 
         | There's certainly a lot of insider trading (adjacent) bad
         | behaviour in crypto generally, but the example you've given is
         | the opposite.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | I don't buy it. I'm not intimately familiar with how the monero
         | project is run, but shouldn't you able to pick this up by
         | looking at the PRs? Or are the repository owners just keeping
         | their PRs under wraps and merging them immediately after
         | they're created? Even then, the bigger question is how these
         | changes get deployed. If you're going to change the hashing
         | algorithm, you'll probably have to get most clients on the
         | network to update in advance, otherwise all the people running
         | outdated clients would be on a forked chain. Therefore it seems
         | unlikely that monero insiders would have much of an advantage
         | compared to an observant outsider.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | It just comes down to how we define "insider" in this
           | scenario.
           | 
           | This was years ago now, but at the time at least this wasn't
           | an automated mechanism. So yes, you could follow the
           | repository and pay very close attention, and if you're savvy
           | enough maybe even automate that process to deploy the new
           | miner whenever changes landed. (mine often broke by amdgpu
           | opencl incompatibilities though, it often took some hacking
           | to make the new algo work)
           | 
           | But from where I was sitting it was very clear that the
           | manual nature of it created tons of opportunity for the
           | developers and those savvy and close enough to practically be
           | in the same privileged set as developers.
           | 
           | Whenever they changed the algorithm the network reset and the
           | hash rate was a tiny fraction of its previous quiescent
           | state, with a low difficulty, for _days_. I was paying semi
           | close attention at the time, and even being purely manual
           | with a single eGPU mining rig was able to somewhat capitalize
           | on the opportunity created.
           | 
           | Practically all my pittance of shares were mined in post-
           | reset low difficulty periods. Those with actual large mining
           | farms normally competing with the full rate difficulty surely
           | were quite productive in those windows.
           | 
           | There's no question that the switchovers would kill the hash
           | rate, we can infer from that most the miners were being
           | manually maintained by folks not closely monitoring the
           | upstream repo for every change.
        
           | xur17 wrote:
           | Agreed. The network would grind to a hault if the mining
           | algorithm was changed without notifying everyone first. I
           | have to imagine a new version of the node software is
           | released (fork) that changes the hashing algorithm starting
           | at X block. Anything else would be.. stupid.
        
             | pengaru wrote:
             | When your currency intends to keep changing the algorithm,
             | the protocol itself should describe the algorithm to use
             | and automate the changeover process. It's not the manual
             | aspect that is defending against ASIC miners, it's the non-
             | determinism of what the algorithm is going to be.
             | 
             | If you keep it that way for years, it starts looking _very_
             | deliberate. In this scenario I 'd describe the "insiders"
             | as those participating in and following monero's
             | development closely enough to be continuously aware of
             | these changes at the source level. We're not talking about
             | SEC regulated crap where insider trading is well defined,
             | this is all unregulated wild west software land. Insiders
             | are the nerds cloning git repos and building from source,
             | lurking in monero chat rooms all day, etc.
        
       | cryptobonanza wrote:
       | "Might"? There is insider trading going on. An anonymous person
       | that is most definitely not me (and wishes to specifically
       | distance themselves from any of this activity) is in a high role
       | in finance and has seen with their own eyes a business partner
       | buying tokens for $0.02 in secret presale rounds which were then
       | listed on all major exchanges starting at $0.30 to $0.50 and then
       | obviously immediately dumped on retail buyers.
       | 
       | The anonymous person has told me this is not even a real secret,
       | it's an open secret in DeFi and that for some reason all the
       | other "investors" do either not care or just accept it and that
       | it happens with every single "project"
        
         | scotty79 wrote:
         | Creators of DeFi take money for nothing from other investors.
         | That's not insider trading, that's minting.
        
         | jiveturkey wrote:
         | I think the "might" refers to "problem", not whether it's
         | occuring. per your example, the dramatic anonymity and call to
         | authority is not required. front-running is well known about,
         | it's not a secret.
        
           | cryptobonanza wrote:
           | I'm sorry, but there is no call to authority, the person is
           | merely sharing something, and anonymity is a personal choice.
           | As mentioned, the person in question works in a high position
           | in finance, and should not be giving out details about
           | operations and operations of business partners. Even if the
           | practice is an open secret in cryptocurrency "investment
           | groups", any kind of association to their person, their role
           | or the (legal) operations themselves is to be avoided. It's
           | also surprising to me that choosing anonymity would be
           | scrutinized on Hacker News.
           | 
           | What is being described here is not front-running.
        
         | influxmoment wrote:
         | Yes this is completely standard for all crypto projects. And
         | then next step is to buy a positive news articles and an
         | exchange listing. And when it comes to the
         | technology.....lol...well what technology their money is made
        
           | cryptobonanza wrote:
           | > And then next step is to buy a positive news articles and
           | an exchange listing
           | 
           | I can also attest to this happening.
        
         | BaseballPhysics wrote:
         | It's because the assumption is that regular markets work the
         | same way and we just don't talk about it.
         | 
         | Your can mention regulation until you're blue in the face but
         | it won't matter because for many crypto is the antedote to a
         | conspiracy theory they've been literally sold.
         | 
         | And the worst part is: as with all conspiracy theories, there's
         | a grain of truth in there--fraud and insider trading absolutely
         | does happen in tradfi!--which makes it that much harder to
         | convince these folks they're wrong.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | Yes, I think for some folks the appeal of crypto is that it
           | seems possible to get in on the con and themselves. Try to
           | find some shitcoin or get tight with a group that's going to
           | launch something to buy it an pre-public rates. It's not
           | "crypto is more open so it can't happen" it's "they're all
           | scams and here's my chance to fleece some other sucker."
           | 
           | I wouldn't paint _all_ of crypto with that brush, but
           | certainly a large proportion.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | > it seems possible to get in on the con and themselves
             | 
             | Most confidence tricks involve this. I actually find the
             | rare tricks which rely on the mark's _honesty_ to be more
             | interesting because you need a strategy more complicated
             | than just  "Don't be dishonest" to avoid losing.
        
             | danaris wrote:
             | Frankly, from what I've seen, I suspect that more than 50%
             | of the valuation of most cryptocurrencies comes from people
             | with that mindset.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | > I wouldn't paint all of crypto with that brush, but
             | certainly a large proportion.
             | 
             | I would.
        
               | MomoXenosaga wrote:
               | All the crypto shills and influencers who never declare
               | their personal holdings really annoy me.
        
               | cryptobonanza wrote:
               | 90%+
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | 90% + 10% :)
               | 
               | I'm sorry but its been almost _fourteen years_ and not a
               | single mainstream product has come out of this so-called
               | revolutionary technology. Zero.
               | 
               | For the entirety of the last 10 years I've been hearing
               | how blockchain is the "internet of the early 90s" - well
               | by now it should be the internet of the early 2000s, but
               | it's still the "internet of the early 90s" according to
               | proponents.
               | 
               | It's time to stop and ask yourself: what if it's just not
               | that revolutionary after all? What if a really slow
               | database isn't a solution to all our problems?
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | I see such usages as goverened more by either 1) concern over
         | libel or similar lawsuits or 2) strong but not absolute
         | evidence. Possibly in the case of 2), the evidence exists, but
         | disclosure would compromise or endanger the source.
         | 
         | That said, yes, the headline eyeroll is warranted.
        
         | px43 wrote:
         | That's not how order books work. New tokens don't get listed at
         | some pre-determined price. People who buy up tokens in pre-
         | sales are allowed to move their tokens onto exchanges, and list
         | them for sale for whatever price they want.
         | 
         | Obviously they're looking to sell them for more than they got
         | them, but more often than not, the general public doesn't care
         | enough to buy them at higher than the pre-sale price. There's
         | significant risk involved when participating in pre-sales. It's
         | not like it's just a free money free for all. Those are the
         | ones you don't hear about because no one is in the office
         | bragging about how much money they just lost.
        
           | SparkyMcUnicorn wrote:
           | He said DeFi, and buying at a specific price is how a lot of
           | presales work there.
        
             | px43 wrote:
             | Exchange listings, which is the topic of the article, and
             | is mentioned by the person I responded to, are specifically
             | a centralized finance thing (CeFi).
             | 
             | Every DeFi exchange I know of allows anyone to list any
             | token at any time. That's part of what makes them
             | "decentralized", so the concept of knowing ahead of time
             | when a token is going to be listed doesn't make any sense
             | in the DeFi context.
             | 
             | Pre-Sales are often conducted via a DeFi style ICO, which
             | might list tokens at a certain price governed by some fancy
             | mechanics (getting cheaper, or more expensive, over an
             | n-week ICO window or something, dutch auctions, etc), and
             | then eventually the tokens go up for sale on centralized
             | exchanges, which is the "insider" event being discussed by
             | the article, and presumably, the person I replied to.
        
           | stepanhruda wrote:
           | If they add liquidity at Uniswap, they do indeed get listed
           | at a pre-determined price. The initial liquidity is added at
           | a 50/50 ratio with an existing highly liquid asset, so the
           | number of coins the initial liquidity providers have directly
           | sets the price - of course the immediate dump/demand quickly
           | swings the price.
        
         | whateveracct wrote:
         | Dfinity, for instance, is being sued for this sort of untoward
         | financial behavior: https://cryptobriefing.com/lawsuit-claims-
         | dfinity-icp-token-...
         | 
         | Hilariously, Dfinity is now suing Meta for its new logo (which
         | looks like an infinity sign too). Obviously a silly lawsuit,
         | but now googling "dfinity sued" is all about Meta and not about
         | their being sued. Scuzzy.
        
           | snthd wrote:
           | Is there a word for doing things IRL designed to overlay
           | historical search results?
           | 
           | A "red bus cheese party"?
        
         | encryptluks2 wrote:
         | _Cough_ ... Algorand... _cough_
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | Pedantically, is that insider trading, or is there a different
         | name for that? IPOs work the same way - insiders get granted
         | shares at pennies on the dollar, and then on IPO day the
         | company sells shares, and allows insiders to sell their shares
         | (after the lockup period expires), a process that has created
         | millionaires a million times over.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | This becomes much more of an issue as "line goes down". The
       | normal progression in NFTs now is that the minters make money,
       | and the suckers who bought with intent to resell lose money.
        
       | wslh wrote:
       | If you can't see the whole article: Archive to the rescue:
       | https://archive.is/njixG
        
       | martin8412 wrote:
       | Gasp!
       | 
       | An industry where lots of people get to learn why 100+ years of
       | financial regulations exist..
       | 
       | They're speedrunning centuries worth of financial scams.
        
         | nathias wrote:
         | we know exactly why financial regulations exists, that's why
         | we're in crypto
        
         | superfrank wrote:
         | In 2018 I worked with a developer who offhandedly said "cypto
         | will teach libertarian tech bros why banking regulations exist"
         | and it's stuck with me ever since.
        
         | alangibson wrote:
         | You left out how they're also speedrunning 100 years of
         | financial crises due to forgetting everything learned about
         | money in the 20th century.
        
           | IdEntities wrote:
           | I wouldn't say a whole lot was learned about money in the
           | 20th Century given that the Secretary of the Treasury wound
           | up on his knees begging the Speaker of the House to pass a
           | bailout bill in 2008 to forestall an apocalyptic financial
           | collapse. The jury is still out on this but it's possible all
           | that was discovered was new ways to kick the can to an even
           | bigger crisis down the road.
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | > I wouldn't say a whole lot was learned about money in the
             | 20th Century given that the Secretary of the Treasury wound
             | up on his knees begging the Speaker of the House to pass a
             | bailout bill in 2008 to forestall an apocalyptic financial
             | collapse.
             | 
             | (a) what does this have to do with monetary policy? the
             | bailouts were run by Treasury and were strictly fiscal
             | policy. this isn't really something we learned about money.
             | 
             | (b) bailouts were loans not grants, and not only has the
             | entire balance of the loans been repaid, the government
             | netted a tidy profit ($109B) - and there's more left. [1]
             | 
             | [1] https://projects.propublica.org/bailout/
        
               | civilized wrote:
               | I just don't understand how there can be a profit. TARP
               | was created to pay companies holding toxic mortgages and
               | other worthless assets. How is it that the government
               | pays for worthless assets and makes a profit?
               | 
               | I think the financial masters of the universe have found
               | some way to screw us and it's just hiding in some
               | accounting tricks.
        
               | IdEntities wrote:
               | The real loss is in the lower rates at which the
               | financial companies with a now-explicit government
               | backstop are able to borrow money. That's a subsidy worth
               | hundreds of billions of dollars per year which is never
               | included in this sort of accounting.
        
               | deathanatos wrote:
               | > _[1]https://projects.propublica.org/bailout/_
               | 
               | > _In total, the government has realized a $109B profit
               | as of May 13, 202. (sic)_
               | 
               | ...how do such colossal, above the fold mistakes like
               | this get made by big name publications. While I actually
               | do believe you're correct here, I'm hard pressed to trust
               | the data with that kind of lack of any sort of review.
        
               | IdEntities wrote:
               | Right, so, what everyone "learned" is that you can
               | leverage yourself to the gills, enjoy the fruits of debt-
               | fueled asset appreciation on the way up, and when it all
               | goes pear shaped the government will be able to step in
               | and clean up the mess and get the whole cycle started
               | again.
               | 
               | The fiscal bailouts became necessary because the Fed had
               | fired all of its monetary policy bullets and it had
               | failed to arrest the collapse in confidence which was
               | freezing credit markets.
               | 
               | Like I said, the jury is still out. Maybe the next time
               | will go just like 2008. Maybe there really _will_ never
               | be any price to pay for all this moral hazard that 's
               | being stuffed into the system.
        
       | logicalmonster wrote:
       | I think pretty much every market has insider trading going on.
       | 
       | The difference with Crypto is that because there's an actual
       | record of transactions, there's at least a chance for the public
       | to catch onto shady looking behavior that manipulates the price
       | of an asset.
       | 
       | A lot of people falsely think the stock market is heavily
       | regulated and pure. It's not. You can't even find out a
       | definitive answer as to how many shares of a stock currently
       | exist. Crypto is infinitely superior in many respects.
        
         | umanwizard wrote:
         | > You can't even find out a definitive answer as to how many
         | shares of a stock currently exist.
         | 
         | What do you mean? I can google this for any public stock and I
         | get answers; are you claiming they're wrong?
        
           | logicalmonster wrote:
           | Short selling.
           | 
           | Shares are "borrowed" for a fee and flood into the market.
           | Voila, buyers now have to buy a bunch of new shares that
           | shouldn't exist just to keep the price level. Unethical hedge
           | funds have made a living essentially tanking companies by
           | borrowing loads of stock, selling at a high price and
           | flooding the market with far more shares than should exist,
           | tanking the stock price making the company having far more
           | problems raising money (and killing off some of them). The
           | borrowed shares are returned when the price tanks at a much
           | cheaper price. This is bad for the world when it's just some
           | weaker retail outlet being dumped, but devastating if it's
           | some biotech firm researching medical cures being hamstrung.
           | 
           | Now, there's supposedly some regulations and disclosures for
           | this like the Short Interest stat that are usually published
           | I think twice a month. But this is time delayed and
           | manipulatable.
           | 
           | Here's an interesting anecdote about this in an OTC market: h
           | ttps://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/rsaevv/in_march..
           | .
           | 
           | > In March of 2005 this guy bought 100% of shares (1.1M
           | shares) in a traded company to prove the corruption. The next
           | two days that same stock traded 50 million times and dropping
           | the price 99% in two hours. All this with LITERALLY NO SHARES
           | AVAILABLE TO BORROW OR SHORT.
        
             | rspeele wrote:
             | Can you explain this part to me?
             | 
             | How does selling a ton of shares into the market move the
             | price down, but buying an equal number of shares back to
             | complete your short doesn't move it back up?
             | 
             | Is this not a double-edged sword? If you dump enough shares
             | that you actually affect the market price, you'll have to
             | do the same thing on the way back.
        
               | logicalmonster wrote:
               | This is an actual good question which I'd offer a few
               | answers for, and I'm sure there's other partial
               | explanations as well.
               | 
               | 1) In an ideal world, the tactic tanks the price enough
               | that investors don't support the company, they have
               | trouble raising capital, and go out of business and the
               | borrowed share (I believe) either never has to be repaid
               | or is trivial to recover.
               | 
               | 2) When you're dealing with really big money and want to
               | enter or exit a position without affecting the price too
               | much, you don't just go to your stock broker and enter a
               | buy or sell order for however many shares you're dealing
               | with. You use experienced people and automated algorithms
               | to time the deals to have as minimum an impact on the
               | price as possible and enter/exit smartly.
               | 
               | 3) Dark pools exist for making orders that don't impact
               | the public price.
               | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dark-pool.asp
        
               | rspeele wrote:
               | If I can use methods like 2 or 3 to make huge orders
               | without moving the market, why bother shorting?
               | 
               | Couldn't I use this to make easy profits on longs?
               | 
               | Say "X" is the method to place orders that don't affect
               | the price.
               | 
               | 1. Buy 5 million shares via X, at the current low price
               | 
               | 2. Buy 5 million more shares via my stock broker, pumping
               | the public price
               | 
               | 3. Sell all 10 million shares via X, all at the new high
               | price
               | 
               | My guess would be that the organizations you deal with
               | through these dark pools or whatever discount your trades
               | based on the perceived advantage you're getting by not
               | making them public. If the public price is $100, and you
               | want to sell a jillion shares through a dark pool, nobody
               | is going to offer you better than, say, $98 per share or
               | whatever their quants have calculated as a fair price for
               | a sell that big. Likewise if you wanted to buy a jillion
               | they'd ask for $102 or so.
               | 
               | There can't be a free lunch here.
        
             | salawat wrote:
             | ....Short selling doesn't create new shares. You're
             | borrowing some from someone who owns them already for a
             | price point which you then sell in the expectation the
             | share price will drop, meaning you can buy back the shares
             | you borrowed cheaper, pocketing the difference.
             | 
             | Unless you're talking 'naked shorting'. Which is illegal.
             | Though I'm not sure to whose overall benefit.
             | 
             | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nakedshorting.asp
             | 
             | I make no judgement on it's relative virtue.
             | 
             | From an information theoretic point of view, if you audit
             | the holdership of all outstanding isuued shares you will
             | see more orders of involved shares than there are actual
             | sellers that can complete the transaction. These other
             | orders are tracked as FTD's, but may constitute a negative
             | sentiment signal to other actors in the market.
             | 
             | Realistically speaking though, it's basically a Stock
             | Market version of a smear/negative advertisement/marketing
             | campaign. Someone burned money to create the appearance of
             | a lack of confidence in a security. The fact it's illegal
             | is arguably a free speech violation.
             | 
             | Whether you act on the naked shorting's distortive info is
             | entirely up to you.
        
             | Closi wrote:
             | Short selling doesn't create new stocks, so as per the
             | parent comment, what do you mean you can't tell how many
             | shares of a company are issued?
             | 
             | It feels like you have just changed the question from your
             | original claim that "You can't even find out a definitive
             | answer as to how many shares of a stock currently exist" -
             | when the answer is easy, go to any website and divide
             | market cap by share price.
             | 
             | Want to find out what is shorted? Go on any website that
             | has a stock quotes service or find the short interest
             | ratio, which is declared at least twice a month for
             | American assets. On the other hand, how would you see how
             | many short positions exist for BTC considering that it is
             | traded across multiple exchanges?
        
               | logicalmonster wrote:
               | > Short selling doesn't create new stocks,
               | 
               | Short selling never creates new legal shares with voting
               | rights: but they do exist in the marketplace until that
               | position is closed. This means that this artificial share
               | affects the price per share, does it not?
               | 
               | > the answer is easy, go to any website and divide market
               | cap by share price.
               | 
               | This is a chicken and egg calculation. How is market cap
               | computed? Market cap is computed by taking shares x price
               | per share.
               | 
               | But if you have an unknown number of borrowed shares in
               | the market, then this entire calculation is unreliable.
               | The only reliable number that exists in stock trading is
               | the current price per share.
               | 
               | > declared at least twice a month for American assets.
               | 
               | It seems like you see twice a month as a good thing. I
               | think it's a bad number that can be easily manipulated.
               | 
               | > On the other hand, how would you see how many short
               | positions exist for BTC considering that it is traded
               | across multiple exchanges?
               | 
               | Absolutely perfect information about all of reality would
               | probably never exist, but you have a blockchain you can
               | look at in real time, you have exchanges that publish
               | wallet addresses and other information that can be
               | monitored to see reserves, inflows, and outflows. IMO,
               | there's a bit of some kinds of disclosure possible with
               | crypto that cannot exist with stocks.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | > But if you have an unknown number of borrowed shares in
               | the market, then this entire calculation is unreliable.
               | 
               | You have perfect knowledge of the number of actual issued
               | shares, plus a 2 weekly disclosure on the number of
               | borrowed shares.
               | 
               | > Absolutely perfect information about all of reality
               | would probably never exist, but you have a blockchain you
               | can look at in real time
               | 
               | How does the BTC blockchain, as an example, show short
               | positions? (Hint: it doesn't, it requires disclosure by
               | centralised exchanges in exactly the same way, except
               | these disclosures are entirely unregulated and spread
               | across many exchanges).
               | 
               | Sounds like this is a criticism of stock exchanges that
               | is again worse in the cryptocurrency/blockchain magic
               | world.
        
         | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
         | How do you think the SEC identifies insider trading? Do you
         | think there's no "actual record of transactions" in non-crypto
         | markets?
        
           | logicalmonster wrote:
           | To give one small point within a very complex and nuanced
           | topic that people could write a hundred books about...
           | 
           | Financial disclosures in stocks are typically required to be
           | filed within 30 days. As we know in investing, timing is
           | everything. The financial disclosures that exist IMO mainly
           | serve to placate the masses that there's regulation and are
           | worthless for knowing about actual problems or impending
           | price movement.
           | 
           | With crypto, big movement of assets happens on a blockchain
           | and can be observed in real-time. There's at least a chance
           | of catching issues in a way that can't be replicated with
           | stocks.
        
             | salawat wrote:
             | You have this, so, so wrong.
             | 
             | Insider trading isn't X sold stocks at Y.
             | 
             | Insider trading is X arranged to sell stocks at Y based off
             | of information disclosed from internal actor Z that was not
             | publically knowable at the time of initial communication.
             | 
             | It's about having a traceable privileged internal source
             | that no one else did. Both the source and the trader are
             | then culpable. Nothing about order stream makes it clear
             | insider trading happened. It's about communications and
             | things that happened before the trade that make insider
             | trading.
             | 
             | Trading in ones own shares as an executive is often treated
             | with extra care because you are the ultimate insider, and
             | you are also burdened with a responsibility that should
             | prevent you from shorting your own stock (shorting as an
             | exec signals either regulation on the horizon, or somebody
             | hasn't been doing their fiduciary due diligence).
        
               | logicalmonster wrote:
               | I was responding to the second part of NovemberWhiskey's
               | post. Repeating a dictionary definition of insider
               | trading isn't an interesting point for me so I ignored
               | that part of the post.
        
         | balaji1 wrote:
         | > there's at least a chance for the public to catch onto shady
         | looking behavior that manipulates the price of an asset
         | 
         | but can we do anything about it even if you catch the behavior?
         | other than old-school regulation and litigation? and eventually
         | add checks and balances
         | 
         | > You can't even find out a definitive answer as to how many
         | shares of a stock currently exist
         | 
         | maybe there are better models of stock exchanges? (hopefully
         | looking at Europe, or at least in the past)
        
       | djbebs wrote:
       | Insider trading is arguably a good thing. It makes markets more
       | efficient, and puts everyone on an even footing.
        
         | ohyoutravel wrote:
         | Whatever the news story is, it's somehow good for crypto!
        
       | mattfrommars wrote:
       | Basically, something that happens in traditional finance/IPOs but
       | considered OK. Insider knowledge of knowing when a company will
       | do IPO to get maximum return on their investment and cashing out
       | when company goes public after great public showing. Only
       | difference between the traditional run of the mill companies that
       | go on IPO with massive valuation and what crypto coins do when
       | they go 'public', is that with IPO case, it is socially
       | acceptable for people to game the system.
       | 
       | There are numerous example from IPO bonanza that took place last
       | year where investor did exactly the same and now their stock have
       | reached rock bottom. Whatever value those companies had, the
       | 'insider investor' had their pay day, now its left to rot in
       | public domain. Fantastic.
        
       | usui wrote:
       | I read the article.
       | 
       | What's the financial incentive for a company to actually enforce
       | "insider trading" rules to its employees? In fact, what does
       | "insider trading" even mean in this context? Shouldn't that be
       | defined by a central authority?
       | 
       | When I read the title, it was, "No shit? What do you expect in an
       | unregulated market by design?"
       | 
       | I realize that "lots of insider trading is obviously happening,
       | naturally" is a big statement and unfalsifiabe, so going in the
       | other direction is more logically sound.
       | 
       | On other hand, I can't help but feel it doesn't need to be
       | proven. Unregulated economics is in the design! Maybe we just
       | need more articles like this to prove the trend, but do we still
       | feel the need to prove it? It reminds me of the way scientific
       | consensus fought and eventually converged on "smoking causes lung
       | cancer", even though that wasn't agreed upon at the beginning
       | because monied interests disagreed. But it was like... well,
       | you're burning toxic chemicals inside your lungs, it's in the
       | design isn't it?!
       | 
       | Which take makes more sense currently?
        
         | NelsonMinar wrote:
         | That was sort of my reaction to: "why yes, of course this
         | unregulated market has bad actors ripping off other people".
         | But consider the WSJ audience and the way cryptocurrency is
         | increasingly being peddled as a legitimate investment. Insider
         | trading steals money from end retail investors and gives it to
         | powerful insiders. It is actively harmful to ordinary
         | investors. Ultimately markets that tolerate this kind of fraud
         | fail as people get mad about being the sucker who gets ripped
         | off and refuse to participate.
         | 
         | Compared to the other kinds of fraud endemic to cryptocurrency,
         | the risk of a corrupt market is a slow burn. Probably the Ponzi
         | scheme will collapse or the rug will be pulled or the contract
         | will be hacked long before the sheep realize they are being
         | fleeced by insiders.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | That's a good point. Those following from a crypto disaster
           | journalism vantage point will view this story as "yes, and
           | water has been know to be wet on occasion, and the sun to
           | come up on quite possibly every day."
           | 
           | But if your exposure is more from following tradition financi
           | news, you may have seen some of the disasters and certainly
           | volatility but otherwise may seem like a gradually emerging
           | but not quite mature new asset class.
        
         | PheonixPharts wrote:
         | > eventually converged on "smoking causes lung cancer", even
         | though that wasn't agreed upon at the beginning because monied
         | interests disagreed.
         | 
         | tangential "Fun fact":
         | 
         | The origin of the phrase "correlation does not imply
         | correlation" comes from Ronald Fisher, the father of
         | frequentist statistics, _defending_ tobacco companies. It 's
         | unknown by many people but Fisher was an aggressive shill for
         | tobacco in his day and argued that the strong correlation
         | between smoking and lung cancer was not adequate statistical
         | evidence to show any relationship. Fisher, to this day, being
         | one of the most respected minds in statistics held a lot of
         | weight with his opinions and is very likely a major reason why
         | it took decades for legislation to make any progresses in this
         | area.
         | 
         | As a stats person it's one reason I really hate that phrase. Of
         | course there are events that have correlation _without_
         | causation, however the XKCD hidden text [0] is a much more
         | accurate phrasing:
         | 
         | > "Correlation doesn't imply causation, but it does waggle its
         | eyebrows suggestively and gesture furtively while mouthing
         | 'look over there'."
         | 
         | https://xkcd.com/552/
        
         | Tenoke wrote:
         | >What's the financial incentive for a company to actually
         | enforce "insider trading" rules to its employees?
         | 
         | E.g. for Coinbase/Binance the financial incentive is that users
         | might invest less in their offerings if they consistently do
         | worse when participating there compared to initial offerings
         | elsewhere or simply due to seeing proof of it. Similar/related
         | rules might disincentivize insider trading for the projects
         | themselves if insider trading is harmful in the first place
         | which I am not sure of. If it is, and the common arguments that
         | it leads to less outside investments are true then that should
         | at least partially incentivize long-term thinking projects
         | against it. Further, Coinbase/Binance have the incentive to
         | dissuade projects from taking advantage of the information and
         | as far as I know indeed try to though I guess their success is
         | mixed.
        
           | usui wrote:
           | > E.g. for Coinbase/Binance the financial incentive is that
           | users might invest less in their offerings if they
           | consistently do worse when participating there compared to
           | initial offerings elsewhere or simply due to seeing proof of
           | it.
           | 
           | Aside from bad PR spreading like wildfire, won't market
           | participants noticing their poorer performance present as a
           | negligible quantity and be written off as bad luck because
           | the volume accounted for by company employees is too small to
           | make a dent? If I understand correctly, for a long time,
           | Redditors in WallStreetBets said they were too small to make
           | a dent in stocks, but it was only because of the run-off
           | effect of being a public forum that GME exploded and garnered
           | attention. I figure that a company with employees that can do
           | things quietly and in an unmonitored, unregulated fashion
           | wouldn't run into people noticing it unless they got stupid
           | and grew it out of proportion.
        
             | Tenoke wrote:
             | Maybe if the information didn't get out but given that a
             | lot of it happens on-chain you get articles like this so
             | more of them start suspecting that's the reason for their
             | poor returns.
        
       | joshmarinacci wrote:
       | I think the significance here isn't the title or the content of
       | the article, but that it's on the WSJ website. This will reach
       | more people who know little about crypto ins and outs.
        
       | ftyers wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/njixG
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/Ak2Rz
        
       | rdtwo wrote:
       | Might? It totally does
        
       | karmakaze wrote:
       | What does 'crypto' even mean anymore? I thought it was the "store
       | of value' using a decentralized blockchain (ignoring cryptography
       | for the moment). At this point we can make up any news story and
       | praise or blame crypto.
       | 
       | I'm still trying to decide if the narrow & broad crypto term _is_
       | rather than _has_ the problem.
        
       | Spooky23 wrote:
       | Lol.
       | 
       | That's like saying Jeffery Dahmer may have had a dietary
       | selection problem.
        
       | gruez wrote:
       | Obligatory reminder that insider trading laws (at least in the
       | US) are about theft of information, not fairness.
       | 
       | >KESTENBAUM: And she says while everybody gets upset at insider
       | trading because it gives someone an unfair advantage, that is not
       | the legal reason why it gets you into trouble. The argument used
       | these days in court for why it's illegal is that insider trading
       | amounts to stealing information from a company. It's like theft.
       | 
       | >GOLDSTEIN: And so for that reason, proving that someone traded
       | on insider information - that is not enough to convict them. If,
       | say, a financial document from some company blows out the window
       | and you happen to find it sitting there on the sidewalk, Sarah
       | says it's not insider trading for you to use that to make money
       | in the stock market because you didn't steal it.
       | 
       | https://www.npr.org/transcripts/596532106
       | 
       | In the case of public corporations, insider information (eg. this
       | quarter's earnings) belongs to the company and the company has a
       | duty to act in the interests of its shareholders. If you work at
       | that company and trade on that information, that's illegal
       | because the information doesn't belong to you. However, in other
       | markets (eg. commodities or forex), no such "owner" of
       | information exists so "insider trading" is effectively legal[1].
       | Applying this to the example, it's unclear whether it would count
       | as insider trading. I suppose you could argue that people working
       | on the project has a duty to protect tokenholders, and therefore
       | they should be barred from trading ahead of some announcement,
       | but in this case the insiders seem to be insiders on exchanges,
       | which hold no such obligations.
       | 
       | [1] "Insider trading" in energy markets is not really a thing,
       | because energy markets are largely for producers and users of
       | energy to hedge their production and needs, and that production
       | and those needs are the sort of "inside information" that would
       | move markets. So everyone just kind of gets a free pass to trade
       | on inside information.
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2013-12-19/helico...
        
       | api wrote:
       | Water may be wet...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | SilverBirch wrote:
       | Crypto currencies are generally not regulated securities. So
       | there's basically no reason that an exchange can't run an
       | exchange and then _also_ run a trading team that knows every
       | single individual 's position, limit orders, stop losses,
       | everything. Oh, and they work for the exchange so they also have
       | a latency advantage. I've had conversations with engineers
       | working in HFT. Their eyes light up when you talk about crypto
       | because you can do every single trick that would get you in
       | trouble in real markets.
       | 
       | The fact that the WSJ thinks a trivial amount of insider trading
       | is note worthy indicates that they don't have the first clue how
       | crypto works. Go and read up on the regulations around trading
       | regulated securities, and then realise that that's an instruction
       | manual for how to make money trading bitcoin.
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | Seriously, this sort of insider trading is the least of
         | concern.
         | 
         | Arthur Hayes was just sentenced. This is old news. Exchanges
         | trade against their customers as a matter of business. It is
         | core to their revenue.
        
           | influxmoment wrote:
           | That was Ripple that was caught trading against their
           | customers not Hayes. Ripple paid off regulator so are all
           | good now
        
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