[HN Gopher] RouterOS - Communications Assistance for Law Enforce...
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       RouterOS - Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (2012)
        
       Author : qwertox
       Score  : 105 points
       Date   : 2022-05-20 11:39 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (wiki.mikrotik.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (wiki.mikrotik.com)
        
       | sgjohnson wrote:
       | Every router is technically capable of doing this.
       | 
       | It's just firewall rules and pcap.
       | 
       | Not sure this is front-page worthy.
        
         | kj4ips wrote:
         | It depends, I've got some junipers that only pass the
         | application processor the first N bytes of a packet, and even
         | captures are limited to the first N bytes. Vendor docs say that
         | if you need captures, you should do them on the switch, or use
         | DPI and route everything through the application processor.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | You could probably develop a "NSA sniffer" to determine when
           | captures are happening by noting network degradation,
           | especially if it forces everything onto the application
           | processor and off of fast-path.
        
             | jhartwig wrote:
             | like putting a script on the switch that says the cpu
             | utilization is x% higher? Do higher end switches report out
             | utilization of the packet processing asic? I have a few
             | high end switches in my homelab, I can of course tell the
             | utilization of the management processor but I have never
             | tried to delve into what the actual switch chip is doing.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | I was thinking more remotely noticing that throughput
               | dropped - my switches can route at line speed if they
               | avoid the CPU, but if the CPU is involved it drops to
               | about half line speed.
               | 
               | If you're the one controlling the network router, you
               | know when the sniffing is going on - this would be trying
               | to detect that your ISP has turned the "NSA button" on.
        
         | frankfrankfrank wrote:
         | I find that nephile mentality quite ignorant of the fact that
         | the negative and bad things aren't just ephemeral, regardless
         | of whether you would like to move on to next-thing. But I guess
         | to people with your mindset the slippery slope is no slope at
         | all, but rather a flat plane as you are sliding down it.
         | 
         | "Why are you so concerned with the old Constitution" you
         | proclaim, "we have the patriot act instead. It even has the
         | word patriot in its title and the iPatriot act is on the way to
         | replace the old patriot act. I support next-thing."
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | Seems like a feature for mandatory "intercept and log network
         | traffic" is interesting enough for hackers for the story to
         | land on the frontpage.
         | 
         | I didn't know about CALEA since before but I've dealt with lots
         | of network infrastructure (never in the US though), so I found
         | this interesting, and upvoted it.
        
         | medo-bear wrote:
         | > Not sure this is front-page worthy
         | 
         | why not ? i believe it is especially as i imagine most people
         | are not aware that such things exist in freedom lands
        
           | distantsounds wrote:
           | if you're on HN there is a level of confidence that you
           | understand basic networking, and that you are aware your
           | traffic goes through a multitude of devices before you get
           | the data you requested.
           | 
           | it should come as no surprise that those devices can log the
           | data passing through it.
        
             | icedchai wrote:
             | Just wait... someone will complain this is a GDPR
             | violation. ;)
        
           | sgjohnson wrote:
           | To be fair, this makes perfect sense. It allows compliance
           | with wiretap warrants. Which are perfectly reasonable.
        
             | salawat wrote:
             | They are not. This is broadband. This goes far beyond pen-
             | registers.
             | 
             | This is bloody everything from a particular endpoint, and
             | not in an application specific manner. There is very little
             | but storage reqs and someone getting uppity keeping this
             | from becoming a dragnet type of surveillance mechanism.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | The warrant is part that makes it not a dragnet.
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | Depends on how specific and difficult the warrants are.
        
           | tablespoon wrote:
           | > why not ? i believe it is especially as i imagine most
           | people are not aware that such things exist in freedom lands
           | 
           | Do you mean firewall rules? Because firewall rules definitely
           | exist in "freedom lands."
           | 
           | A lot of the comments here seem to show an eagerness to
           | misunderstand this. Even in a "freedom land" law enforcement
           | still needs the power to intrusively investigate criminal
           | suspects, because ineffective law enforcement is a bad thing
           | and a threat to liberty.
        
             | medo-bear wrote:
             | in freedom land people generally believe that things they
             | own will not call the cops on them. in contrast in soviet
             | russia people generally belived everything they owned
             | called the cops on them
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | Just to be clear, this has nothing to do with a thing
               | someone owns calling the cops on them. A CALEA intercept
               | would be implemented before the data reaches the end
               | user.
        
               | medo-bear wrote:
               | im taking the liberty to talk figuratively. but yeah the
               | thing you own instead of calling the cops will _by design
               | and purpose_ snitch on you when they come knocking
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | How so? Unless you own a router with CALEA capabilities
               | and specifically configure it to log all of your data,
               | it's not going to snitch on you.
        
               | medo-bear wrote:
               | > router with CALEA capabilities and specifically
               | configure it to log all of your data
               | 
               | the point is that in the US this [the device you own
               | snitching on you] is required by law
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_Assistance
               | _fo...
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | You're misinterpreting it. CALEA requires that _service
               | providers_ have the capability to do interceptions when
               | requested by law enforcement. It has absolutely nothing
               | to do with end-user devices.
        
               | medo-bear wrote:
               | > It has absolutely nothing to do with end-user devices.
               | 
               | absolutely nothing ? are you sure about that
        
       | throwaway307423 wrote:
        
         | nisegami wrote:
         | >don't blame the cops (because: if you get ripped off on eBay
         | or your child goes missing, you do want some kind of
         | resolution, right?)
         | 
         | I'm not sure where you live, but in my neck of the woods, going
         | to the cops in these scenarios might even be slightly worse
         | than not going to them, let alone better.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | tomrod wrote:
       | I see now why my cybersecurity friends source router hardware
       | that allows them own the OS.
       | 
       | Is there any way to not have a backdoor built into my router?
        
         | tjohns wrote:
         | To be clear, this is not a "backdoor" in the traditional sense.
         | Nobody can log into your router without your consent.
         | 
         | This is a way for the router administrator (you) to manually
         | give the police access to a copy of traffic in response to a
         | warrant. The assumption here is that this router is being run
         | at an ISP, and you're a netadmin responsible for handling legal
         | compliance requests.
        
         | orangepurple wrote:
         | This is put into place before it hits your router
        
       | salawat wrote:
       | Welp. That's news to me. Thought it was just Telco's and not
       | bleedy every bloody Networking equipment vendor out there. And
       | especially not on every MitM VoiP providers. This clinches the
       | death of Skype though. This is why we can't have nice things.
       | 
       | I need to stop reading these things. I just become more and more
       | misanthropic as days go by.
        
         | NickRandom wrote:
         | I feel you. But don't give up hope. The guy behind the I2P
         | protocol has some thoughts about the free internet on his blog
         | https://medium.com/@zlatinbalevsky/im-not-a-prophet-but-i-pl...
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | Good! It's important for you to understand how privacy is never
         | guaranteed. Sniffing and tracking _who you are talking to_ is
         | the oldest page in the FBI, CIA, and NSA playbook.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Terry_Roll wrote:
       | So they can watch everything that you do and then punish you if
       | you look on the wrong parts of the internet instead of blocking
       | the wrongs parts of the internet and tackling the root of the
       | problem in the first place.
       | 
       | That process says more about the people in power than the people
       | using the internet especially when you see how leading search
       | engines can be with their results, its like they want you to fail
       | in order to consolidate their top tier position in society,
       | intellectual feudalism.
        
       | djanogo wrote:
       | Might be dumb question, but won't this configuration need admin
       | ssh access to add required rules and local server to log that
       | traffic?
        
         | qwertox wrote:
         | Not admin access:
         | 
         | > Calea provided options are available only for specific
         | RouterOS user, as Calea server configuration as "tap"
         | configuration. Specific user should have 'sniff' policy enabled
         | at RouterOS user configuration
         | 
         | So the admin has to set up a user account on the device.
        
           | vetinari wrote:
           | On RouterOS, the default 'admin' user is a member of the
           | 'full' group, which has 'sniff' policy enabled.
           | 
           | So it can be both - dedicated user with the appropriate
           | permission, or admin himself.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | The whole point of the law was to add the _ability_ to tap in,
         | which is what this is. You still need someone to log into the
         | router and setup the account which can do the tap, it can 't be
         | remotely activated by spooks.
         | 
         | Though if there are other remote access vulnerabilities,
         | someone may be able to use the feature maliciously once they're
         | in.
        
       | reflexe wrote:
       | "This page was last edited on 28 May 2012, at 07:46."
       | 
       | Maybe better to add this date to the title.
        
       | windexh8er wrote:
       | Not sure why this is on the front page, but to clarify it's
       | required by the FCC [0] for carriers. Microtik, just like every
       | other network vendor, has this in their product (port mirroring
       | for law enforcement) so that they can check the box. CALEA has
       | been around since the 90s [1].
       | 
       | [0] https://www.fcc.gov/public-safety-and-homeland-
       | security/poli... [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_Assistance_for_...
        
         | ncphil wrote:
         | Specifically, _1994_, another banner year for undermining civil
         | liberties and privacy, what with the passage of the new
         | sentencing provisions of the federal crime bill and continuing
         | effort to prevent wider use of encryption by individuals
         | through action against PGP: all by a "liberal" US
         | administration that would also accelerate consolidation of mass
         | media in the hands of a few big corporations.
        
           | windexh8er wrote:
           | Yes, 1994 and 1996 [0] were both horrible years for bad
           | "telecomm" policy. I remember debating this in my
           | "Regulations" class in the early 2000s and how, even by then,
           | we could see the potential longer term damages emerging. I
           | think it also played a role in influencing the markets (with
           | respect to tech companies) to think how they do (continuous
           | growth / continuous significant increase in QoQ profits). The
           | late 80s and early 90s were a wild ride of ignorance in
           | policy making. The Clipper Chip, interesting takes on crypto
           | export control all the way through the advent of the DMCA.
           | 
           | Interesting times with many unfortunate decisions.
           | 
           | [0]
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_Act_of_1996
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | Media consolidation was bipartisan.
           | 
           | Regan rolled back enforcement of many rules, and the rules
           | were changed to exand Clear Channel's (and other) monopolies
           | under W.
        
         | spmurrayzzz wrote:
         | I found this interesting insofar as it is somewhat rare for
         | endpoint CPEs to have these features baked in, in particular
         | with any sort of CALEA semantics. This is almost always a
         | burden pushed on the transitory service providers upstream from
         | the device. Network device OEMs, in my experience running an
         | ISP (in addition to both making routers and white-labeling them
         | for our service), have never been held to the CALEA
         | requirements historically.
         | 
         | The wikipedia article you shared actually states this pretty
         | clearly as well:
         | 
         | >" The IP-based "soft switches" typically do not contain a
         | built-in CALEA intercept feature; and other IP-transport
         | elements (routers, switches, access multiplexers) almost always
         | delegate the CALEA function to elements dedicated to inspecting
         | and intercepting traffic. In such cases, hardware taps or
         | switch/router mirror-ports are employed to deliver copies of
         | all of a network's data to dedicated IP probes."
         | 
         | (I realize that Microtik's RouterOS may end up on headend
         | router devices and that is likely why this exists, but the
         | implementation details here are just a little odd when you can
         | just port mirror on a switch instead)
        
         | dec0dedab0de wrote:
         | It was passed in the 90s, but it wasn't required for ISPs until
         | 2007. I was working at a small ISP at the time. I remember they
         | picked a vendor and installed the box with a week or two to
         | spare.
        
         | ibejoeb wrote:
         | Doesn't hurt to hit the front page occasionally. I'll bet
         | someone is learning about CALEA for the first time from this
         | post.
        
           | Krasnol wrote:
           | Exactly.
           | 
           | I just learned bout it for the first time.
        
       | user_7832 wrote:
       | Go address some of the posters "why is the front page worthy" -
       | I'm not _surprised_ that 3 letter agencies get all the data they
       | want, but very often it 's very covert and not so "official".
        
         | user_7832 wrote:
         | Edit: I meant to type _To_ , not Go. Go makes no grammatical
         | sense :/
        
         | superduperuser wrote:
         | "why is this on the front page?"
         | 
         | because someone found and read this wiki and decided to share
         | it with others who also found it interesting so they upvoted
         | it. now here we are
        
           | user_7832 wrote:
           | No no, I'm in agreement of this post being relevant, I typoed
           | :(
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | Lawful interception is not for "three letter agencies", but for
         | the police (TLAs have their own totally different ways to get
         | this data, in the US they even have their own courts for this).
         | So these are generally documented, judicial processes.
        
           | mbg721 wrote:
           | The US really needs a distinction between executive powers
           | (which exist because legislative bodies grant the executive
           | branch wide latitude), and legislative powers (specific
           | things the legislature has said to do).
        
           | stefan_ wrote:
           | Lawful interception is precisely not made for "three letter
           | agencies", since the latter derive the majority of their
           | power from not spying on the law subjects of their own
           | country. Although the US have of course intentionally muddled
           | this with FISC and at times outright disregard for that
           | simple principle.
        
       | walterbell wrote:
       | It's a small router world.
       | 
       | Some SOHO networking devices made by Microtik, QNAP and Ubiquiti
       | contain Arm SoCs made by AWS (Annapurna Labs),
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapurna_Labs
       | 
       | The venerable PC Engines APU2 is a fanless x86 AMD 10W TDP router
       | with 4GB ECC RAM, TPM 2.0 and GPIO pins, open schematics and
       | coreboot, which can run pfSense, OPNsense, OpenBSD, Linux,
       | FreeBSD and OpenWRT, with virtualization support. Constrained by
       | supply chain at present. mPCIe slots for WiFi, LTE & mSATA.
       | 
       | Ubiquiti ERLite-3 can run Linux and OpenBSD (octeon/MIPS).
       | 
       | There are some generic Intel-based small routers,
       | https://www.servethehome.com/topton-intel-j4125-4x-i225-fanl...
        
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       (page generated 2022-05-20 23:02 UTC)