[HN Gopher] My Favorite Liar (2008)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       My Favorite Liar (2008)
        
       Author : camtarn
       Score  : 160 points
       Date   : 2022-05-20 11:20 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.overcomingbias.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.overcomingbias.com)
        
       | sandworm101 wrote:
       | >> to focus our attention - by offering an open invitation for
       | students to challenge his statements,
       | 
       | I did this with some lectures (law, but to undergrad forensics
       | class) and ran into a cultural limitation. A large subset of my
       | students were Asian, kids of Asian immigrants. They had
       | significant issues with speaking up when they disagreed with the
       | obvious lies I told. They internalized the conflict and assumed
       | that they were misunderstanding the lesson. Or they thought that
       | I was making a mistake and didn't want to embarrass me by
       | pointing it out. Then when someone else was brave enough to
       | challenge me by pointing out the absurdity, these students felt
       | left out. I really noticed this cultural limitation while talking
       | about a historical US supreme court case. I said that the judges
       | were wrong, that they were showing an improper bias. Then one kid
       | challenged me saying basically "who are you to criticize a
       | Judge!" He was genuinely offended and more than a little scared
       | that I would so casually "disrespect" a legal authority. It had
       | taken him a while to build up the courage to say what he did.
       | That is when I realized teaching techniques reliant upon students
       | challenging authority might not be the best idea for all
       | students.
       | 
       | (I did explain that cases at the supreme court only gets there
       | because someone openly disagreed with the decisions of lower
       | courts. The western legal system is based on constantly
       | challenging authority.)
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | Are you saying you implemented the _exact_ same game of telling
         | a single lie per lecture and explicitly described the game
         | ahead of time to the students?
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | I wouldn't say explicitly, but that is basically how most law
           | lectures happen. You generally start with a basic rule such
           | as the definition of a crime. Then you proceed to discussions
           | of case law that explain nuances behind that rule. Rule:
           | murder is killing people. Nuances: All these cases where
           | killing people isn't murder. By starting with a simple rule,
           | then proving that the rule is not simple, every lecture
           | revolves around a single lie. That perspective on how every
           | simple rule can in practice be expansive and difficult is
           | probably the biggest and most useful takeaway of law school.
        
             | rcoveson wrote:
             | So the impression you got while teaching was that Asian
             | students struggled to follow lectures that took the form of
             | stating a generalization and then contradicting the
             | generalization with non-central examples? E.g.:
             | 
             | Teacher: Murder is illegal.
             | 
             | Students: _take notes_
             | 
             | Teacher: A man kills another who was threatening him with a
             | deadly weapon. Was this illegal?
             | 
             | Asian Students: _silently unwilling to contradict the
             | earlier statement from the classroom authority_
             | 
             | I don't think that's an accurate generalization of Asian or
             | any other culture. From what you've described, it sounds
             | like you ran into was a very specific circumstance where
             | you voiced an opinion about a _real_ court decision which a
             | student disagreed with, and they challenged you to justify
             | that disagreement.
             | 
             | I wonder what OP's professor's experience was with various
             | cultures. I would bet that nobody struggled to catch on to
             | the game, even those raised with a relatively high default
             | respect for authority who would usually be unwilling to
             | challenge it.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | I said asian, children of asian immigrants. Both aspects,
               | culture and recent immigration, are factors. That isn't
               | all Asians ... whatever definition of "asian" you mean by
               | that.
        
               | rcoveson wrote:
               | Okay, but whatever the geographical/cultural/racial
               | criteria is, it would be extremely surprising to me if a
               | college-age population was stymied by contradiction of
               | authority _in a totally abstract, gamified context_ like
               | OP describes. The whole  "study hard to find the lie in
               | the lecture" thing does not seem like some radical
               | Western counter culture teaching method. Adult students
               | will understand the intent and play along, yes, even
               | first generation immigrants from Asia.
               | 
               | I think what you've described in your anecdote is a clash
               | over a contradiction of _real_ authority, opining that a
               | judge was incorrect. I wouldn 't be surprised if
               | upbringing was a good predictor of the likelihood that a
               | student question a teacher who questions somebody
               | perceived as an even higher authority.
        
             | jancsika wrote:
             | > I wouldn't say explicitly, but that is basically how most
             | law lectures happen.
             | 
             | That's a qualitative difference.
             | 
             | For OP's prof, the students know from the beginning that if
             | they catch the prof in a lie they "win the prize" per the
             | explicit protocol. Even for a student like me who is
             | reluctant to participate in such a lecture, I'd feel both a
             | responsibility and a measure of safety in blurting out that
             | I caught the prof in a lie!
             | 
             | For you, a critical mass of undergrads almost certainly
             | didn't know how most law lectures happen. Maybe "arguing"
             | with you gets them "the prize," but maybe it gets them in
             | trouble, or just brings them more confusion, frustration,
             | etc.
             | 
             | Or maybe-- just maybe-- this undefined behavior leads to a
             | clever optimization that ends up deleting all their
             | harddrives. (Sorry, I couldn't resist an undefined behavior
             | joke.)
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | >> teaching techniques reliant upon students challenging
         | authority might not be the best idea for all students.
         | 
         | That depends. Do you just want to teach the material? For some
         | people the cultural thing is so strong they won't ask questions
         | because it may imply that you're a bad teacher and offend you.
         | You have to at least address it that much or you're not going
         | to be able to teach the material effectively.
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | I don't feel like that's a show-stopper. With some work,
           | preferably in the first two lectures, you could train them
           | out of the habit, perhaps by reframing it in a way that
           | doesn't offend their habits e.g. ask them to say, "I have
           | solved your challenge" rather than "this is wrong/a lie"
           | which they have a revulsion to.
        
             | malfist wrote:
             | You think a professor can "train them out of the habit" in
             | two lectures that a life time of cultural habitation built?
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | No, I think it's possible he may he have to resort to
               | reframing tricks that have the same functional outcome,
               | which is why I suggested them in the other part of that
               | sentence.
        
         | fartcannon wrote:
         | I really hope you didn't stop teaching them about lies and to
         | challeng authority. That's extremely valuable, especially to
         | people from countries with dictators.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | Actually, I did stop. This was a lecture series about law
           | taught within a forensics program, which is not the place for
           | political grandstanding. When teaching law you always have to
           | be very careful else every lecture devolve into debates re
           | big/small government and freedoms of the people. Iirc the
           | case I was discussing dealt with the search and seizure of
           | laptops at airports. We needed to cover jurisdiction and
           | encryption issues, not the rights of a democratic people to
           | be free from tyranny.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Sounds like the right decision - as anyone knows you're
             | only supposed to teach "challenging authority" when the
             | authority is one of the "accepted to challenge".
        
             | fartcannon wrote:
             | You'd probably get fired if you pushed the point anyways.
        
       | thih9 wrote:
       | Funny but also disrespectful and manipulative. In general I'd
       | prefer to decide on my own how much time I should spend on a
       | particular class.
        
       | hgomersall wrote:
       | "And it turns out the first lecture was the only one with a
       | single lie about there only being one lie per lecture. In fact,
       | this being economics, most of your course is a lie. So long
       | suckers."
        
       | SilasX wrote:
       | (article tldr: You warn them there's one lie per lecture, and
       | that focuses their attention on figuring it out, which
       | necessarily requires a deep understanding of the material.)
       | 
       | The thing is, this rests on the (far more important) teaching
       | skill of "presenting an actual, consistent, interrogable
       | worldmodel to the students, rather than a list of isolated
       | factoids to memorize".
       | 
       | If you don't have that -- if you're doing the latter -- you're
       | just imposing a huge, tedious workload that doesn't translate
       | into a persistent understanding.
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | This is a classic parenting technique: kid asks about something;
       | you give an obviously wrong or even absurd answer; kid object and
       | says why ("but cats don't float!") and you can have a fun little
       | Socratic dialogue.
       | 
       | For a true expert level example of this process, read the novel
       | The Wasp Factory by Iain Banks (no it is not science fiction and
       | no, do not spoil it by reading Wikipedia)
        
         | tonypace wrote:
         | Good lord, do not hold up Frank's dad as a role model. [but you
         | should definitely read the Wasp Factory. Wild energy beats
         | skill, i think, and this is brimming with that]
        
         | jasonpeacock wrote:
         | Random trivia: The author always uses "Iain Banks" for non-
         | fiction and "Iain M. Banks" for science-fiction.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | This is not that uncommon of an approach. I had a calculus
       | teacher once who pointed out that we, the students, were not
       | being presented with the mathematical proofs that underlie
       | calculus, and so had no real way of determining whether what we
       | were being taught was reliable or not, and this was the case for
       | the vast majority of applied mathematics courses. The point was
       | that 'real mathematics' is all a series of theorems and proofs of
       | theorems.
       | 
       | The same is true for physics, but there it's the experiments that
       | are mostly taken on faith; who has actually seen particles
       | rebound from the dense inner cores of atoms? Yet we all believe
       | in the structure of the atom as presented in intro
       | physics/chemistry courses.
       | 
       | As far as economics, that's more like theological studies than
       | math and physics, so the true / false determination probably just
       | amounts to looking up the relevant passage in the appropriate
       | holy text.
        
         | OkayPhysicist wrote:
         | A physics undergrad definitely includes _most_ of the most
         | damning experiments in physics. Muon capture for verifying
         | Special Relativity, the photovoltaic and single-photon double
         | slit experiment for Quantum, the spinning mirror thing for
         | measuring the speed of light.
         | 
         | You definitely see enough that you don't need to take the
         | models on faith.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | There is still a lot taken on faith for quite awhile, as the
           | knowledge to judge the accuracy/meaning of each of those is
           | also built on a lot of theories and prior experiments which
           | are not usually personally tested. But Physics as noted is
           | much less so than most everything else.
        
       | SeanLuke wrote:
       | True story. I live in the US. A [famous] colleague of mine was
       | invited to give a lecture at a major German university in front
       | of a professor's class. At the end of his lecture, the professor
       | picked a random student out of the class, and the student came
       | down and gave a perfect 1-minute summary of the lecture.
       | 
       | My colleague asked how the students could be so disciplined. The
       | professor said it was simple: they knew he would pick one at
       | random, so they all had pre-prepared summaries of the lecture
       | based on studying my colleague's submitted lecture notes the day
       | before.
        
         | thih9 wrote:
         | I wouldn't want to participate in a course like this. I'd say
         | it's the lecturer's job to explain a topic well enough so that
         | the students can summarize it.
         | 
         | If students have to memorize a summary before the lecture then
         | something feels wrong. Good for the lecturer, I guess.
        
           | arkitaip wrote:
           | The purpose of great lectures isn't to regurgitate what is
           | readily available in the literature or slides but to give
           | students an opportunity to Q&A the parts which they don't
           | understand.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Exactly - many talks and lectures would be much better if
             | the audience reviewed the material beforehand and didn't
             | need to spend most of the time having powerpoint slides
             | read to them.
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | bsedlm wrote:
       | > _a exceptionally dry and boring subject matter, encumbered by
       | complex mathematic models and obscure economic theory._
       | 
       | by this point, considering the amount of technical understanding
       | around narrative, storytelling, and enganging media production,
       | the fact that these matters are so dry, complex, and such a slog
       | to work through, feels like a choice not to make them any more
       | accessible.
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | Making deeply technical material requires someone who has
         | _both_ mastery of an uncommon challenging field _and_ expertise
         | at narrative, storytelling, etc.
         | 
         | For any given obscure field, the set of people who have
         | mastered it is small. The intersection of that with the set of
         | people who are great explainers is _very_ small.
        
       | NickRandom wrote:
       | An excellent article and an interesting method that struck a
       | chord with me. I've been on both sides of the student/instructor
       | podium and it seems genius level and would work well. His final
       | move (no spoilers) instantly generated a 'what a dick move'
       | response however. 9/10
        
       | pvg wrote:
       | Recent thread from a couple of months ago:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29833984
       | 
       | Not so recent one from 12 years ago:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=959550
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Thanks! Macroexpanded:
         | 
         |  _My favorite liar (2009)_ -
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29833984 - Jan 2022 (33
         | comments)
         | 
         |  _My Favorite Liar (2008)_ -
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7680424 - May 2014 (1
         | comment)
         | 
         |  _One of my favorite professors in college was a self-confessed
         | liar_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=959550 - Nov 2009
         | (58 comments)
         | 
         | * My Favorite Liar (Econ prof's lectures include a lie that
         | students must find)* -
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=124386 - Feb 2008 (2
         | comments)
        
       | Enginerrrd wrote:
       | This reminds me of a professor I had on numerical methods.
       | 
       | The guy was an absolute genius. He helped write some amount (a
       | lot?) of the FORTRAN compiler for at least one of its variants.
       | And... we used state of the art numerical methods. We had a
       | textbook on numerical methods, sure, but this was always just a
       | starting place for what we used. (To this day, I've got some
       | numerical algorithms I coded in FORTRAN that can crush those from
       | common libraries.) If you missed a lecture, there was no making
       | it up by reading the book. You were SCREWED if you didn't get a
       | really good copy of the notes.
       | 
       | Another thing: When lecturing, he barely glanced at his notes
       | even in the middle of complicated derivations of error bounds and
       | things like that.
       | 
       | But here's the real point of this discussion: He had a way of
       | testing that produced similar results to what this article is
       | talking about.
       | 
       | We wouldn't be tested on a general survey of the methods we
       | covered in the class. No. We would be tested on just one or maybe
       | two of the methods we had learned over the entire semester, and
       | the exam questions would be a DEEP, DEEP dive into that method.
       | (I had this guy for 3 semesters, always the same.) When asked
       | what the exam would be on, he'd basically just say: "The
       | numerical methods we've covered thus far". So you had no idea
       | which method you'd need to learn to the maximum degree of depth.
       | This forced you to simply study the shit out of them all. I mean,
       | you had to know some really subtle things about the method if you
       | wanted to get a reasonable grade on the exam.
       | 
       | I actually grew to appreciate this as a testing method. It was
       | the first class I'd ever had where I actually really needed to
       | study. And study I did. Every other class would involve at most a
       | cursory review of a couple of example problems I thought I might
       | run into. This class though was always a minimum of like 3 full
       | days of complete and thorough review, in teams with the other
       | students.
        
         | FredPret wrote:
         | Loved your post, but as an aside, this stood out to me:
         | 
         | >It was the first class I'd ever had where I actually really
         | needed to study
         | 
         | I wish we had a way of challenging every smart kid with proper
         | material. When I got to university and suddenly had to try, it
         | was quite a shock to my system. I could, in theory, have used
         | the first 18 years of my life much more productively.
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | Aside from varying paces at which children learn, temperament
           | makes a big difference too. I remember in elementary school,
           | there was a subject I didn't like. Finally in 5th grade, I
           | decided to try a different approach for one grading period. I
           | did not participate in that subject. As in, when the teacher
           | said to get out the materials, I instead got out a novel and
           | read it. I turned in no work and did no homework.
           | 
           | When my report card came out, I was astonished to find I had
           | a D (the lowest passing grade). My lesson for that quarter:
           | it is impossible to fail at school (this lesson proved to
           | generalize all the way through high school). At this point, I
           | stopped putting any effort at school into something I didn't
           | find personally gratifying. Most of my fellow cohort of
           | "smart kids" were mystified by this; they would go through an
           | existential crisis in the very rare event that they got a B+.
           | Pretty much any of the straight-A students could have had
           | almost-straight-As with 10% of the effort they put in to
           | ensure they would never get a B+.
           | 
           | When I finally reached college, it became possible to fail,
           | but still not particularly easy. I would skip evening exams
           | to save myself the trouble of having to reschedule my weekly
           | D&D session. I only studied when failing an exam would put me
           | in danger of being kicked out of school (this happened maybe
           | two or three times). I graduated with a C average.
           | 
           | I'm not sure what the moral of this story is other than to
           | say that some kids will study no matter the difficulty of the
           | material while other kids will not.
        
             | stocknoob wrote:
             | You did a n=1 study to show GPA is a proxy for
             | conscientiousness.
             | 
             | https://psychology.okstate.edu/faculty/jgrice/psyc4333/Five
             | F...
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | I'm not entirely convinced it's a very good proxy (at
               | least for the hard sciences). Certainly in my physics
               | classes, raw-intellect trumped conscientiousness; using
               | tidiness as a proxy for conscientiousness and "holds an
               | advanced degree from a distinguished university" as a
               | proxy for GPA, a walk-through of the professors offices
               | in that same department would also dispute that.
               | 
               | I think GPA is closer to a proxy for (A + g) * (B +
               | conscientiousness) with values A and B varying from
               | school to school and department to department (as well as
               | the threshold for "perfect" varying). I had 3 roommates
               | with higher conscientiousness than me flunk out, so YMMV.
               | 
               | [edit]
               | 
               | While we are talking personality traits, I think a high
               | GPA is probably also a proxy for neuroticism; certainly
               | many of the straight-A students exhibited these traits
               | (as does the child of mine who gets the best grades).
               | FWIW I score low in both conscientiousness and
               | neuroticism on a Big Five test.
               | 
               | [edit] changed from "not convinced this is true" to "not
               | convinced it's a very good proxy"
        
               | stocknoob wrote:
               | Yep, per the paper the mean correlation was about .26,
               | which is still fairly strong.
               | 
               | "Proxy" isn't great phrasing, "correlates with" is
               | better.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | Wow, I completely missed the link in your earlier
               | comment. Looks like my theory about neuroticism was not
               | supported by that paper though.
        
             | asiachick wrote:
             | how did you get into college with Cs?
        
               | barry-cotter wrote:
               | Competitive colleges are a small minority in US. Less
               | than 300 colleges reject more students than they accept.
               | CUNY isn't the only college with no entrance standards
               | (open enrollment) and community colleges are also open
               | enrollment and have transfer agreements for fours year
               | colleges. Lots of countries have similar institutions.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | Mainly that it was easier to get into college 25 years
               | ago, but also I scored in the top 1% on the SATs. I also
               | was a bit scared of not getting into college, so I
               | managed to get my GPA up to a 2.9 by the end of junior
               | year (which included a metaphorical rolling-over and
               | showing my belly to my English teacher, who was giving me
               | bad grades out of spite).
        
               | t-3 wrote:
               | Most colleges don't care, especially if your standardized
               | test scores are high enough. The main problem is with
               | obtaining scholarships, they will care about grades a
               | lot. I left before completing even a single semester
               | because I hated it, but my 2.0 GPA didn't stop me from
               | getting admitted anywhere.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Did it help you or hurt you?
             | 
             | One could argue it was a failing on your parents to set
             | proper boundaries/discipline. I'm a lot of environments,
             | you'd certainly not be helped by it.
             | 
             | If you did well though, then who is to say?
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | > Did it help you or hurt you?
               | 
               | My gut feeling is that I was successful in spite of these
               | things, not because of these things. With counterfactuals
               | there's no way to be sure though.
               | 
               | > One could argue it was a failing on your parents to set
               | proper boundaries/discipline. I'm a lot of environments,
               | you'd certainly not be helped by it.
               | 
               | My parents did everything short of beating me to try and
               | get me to do my homework. After school they sat me at the
               | dining room table with nothing but my textbooks, pencil,
               | and paper. I had to have my list of HW assignments signed
               | off on by my teacher; if it wasn't signed I wasn't
               | allowed to go out and play after school. All of that
               | resulted in me sometimes doing my homework.
               | 
               | By the time I was in high school they loosened up on the
               | structure just because they believed that I only had 4
               | years left to figure out how to do this on my own, but I
               | still was banned from attending various social events
               | because of my lack of effort in school. By the end of
               | 10th grade, I had grown distant from my main group of
               | friends just because I essentially never hung out with
               | them outside of school so there was a lot of missing
               | shared-experiences.
               | 
               | As a parent now, I have no idea what they could have done
               | differently. My own personal nightmare is one of my kids
               | acting like I did (despite my parents saying I was the
               | "easy kid")...
        
           | Enginerrrd wrote:
           | OMG, yes.
           | 
           | The real tragedy there is that how to handle being challenged
           | is a super important skill. And many of our best and
           | brightest don't get to practice it all until it's too late.
           | You can't learn a skill without practice. That's just not how
           | it works.
           | 
           | It makes no sense to me at all that children from all
           | different backgrounds and abilities go through an identical
           | curriculum at an identical rate. Like, have the people that
           | set that up never met humans and human children before?
           | 
           | My sister has the luxury of home-schooling her kids. And so
           | they all have workbooks they can go through at their own
           | individualized pace. As a result, one of them, my 6 year old
           | nephew is now at about a 7th or 8th grade level in
           | mathematics. He just loves doing math. Can you imagine how
           | long that kid would have had to wait to actually be
           | challenged in math if he went through the public school
           | system? ...And they're actively trying to get rid of advanced
           | study paths for such kids.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | We lost something in the path from homeschooling to one-
             | room schoolhouse to the massive school factories we have
             | today - which was pacing the students. Now we try to group
             | everyone by age.
             | 
             | It's much easier when there's only a small group of kids -
             | but who's to say the massive schools shouldn't be close to
             | large groups of one-room schoolhouses instead of the age-
             | segregated blocks we have now?
             | 
             | Done correctly this helps _all_ kids, except those who just
             | happen to be perfectly aligned with their age.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Individualization is hard to do at scale, and expensive.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | We need something like the Young Lady's Illustrated
               | Primer. I'm sure you can hire a couple of thousand
               | professors and experts and map out a huge interactive
               | curriculum tree.
               | 
               | This can't replace school - you still need socialization,
               | disciple, adult supervision, sport, etc. But academically
               | this would beat my high school experience six-love.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | I think part of the discussion will be realizing you do
               | NOT need teachers who are expert in the _subject_ to
               | teach; you need teachers who are good at _teaching_ -
               | especially at the elementary /high school levels.
               | 
               | And part of that may be having the same teacher or group
               | of teachers throughout the student's career, and with
               | authority and flexibility to modify the curriculum as
               | needed.
               | 
               | But we'd also have to admit that some students are going
               | to do better than others, and the outcomes may not be all
               | equal and at the same time.
        
               | barry-cotter wrote:
               | Very true but allowing and encouraging students to skip
               | grades isn't.
        
           | barry-cotter wrote:
           | > I wish we had a way of challenging every smart kid with
           | proper material.
           | 
           | We do. It's called acceleration. It's not used because no one
           | cares. The school system is not set up for learning. If it
           | was students who were proficient at grade level could learn
           | the material of the next grade up or two levels up.
           | 
           | https://www.accelerationinstitute.org/Nation_Deceived/ND_v1..
           | ..
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | The difficulty of course, and the reason that doesn't happen
           | often, is it requires deep knowledge of a subject by the
           | teacher and a keen and interested mind.
           | 
           | Hard material with someone who doesn't understand it or isn't
           | interested in it just burns students out, or doesn't go
           | anywhere.
           | 
           | There aren't a lot of people capable and interested in doing
           | it for every subject, and even fewer interested in doing it
           | for the amounts typically paid in school.
           | 
           | It is unfortunate.
        
             | FredPret wrote:
             | Luckily with the internet we can have great teachers
             | achieve scale for the first time ever. This isn't a solved
             | problem yet but at least a tantalizing possibility.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Eh, I doubt it. It usually requires interaction and
               | understanding of the student. But for the few that can
               | self direct, it is a boon!
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | There is lots of overlap between self-directed learners
               | and ones that are held back by age-group education
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | I'm familiar with this testing strategy. It has one major
         | upside: It allows an exam to test the material in great depth
         | without being enormously long.
         | 
         | But it also has one major downside: Students may not learn all
         | of the material equally well. If the random point in the
         | material space that the exam focuses on happens to be a point
         | that the student didn't learn as well, the exam result will
         | appear as if the student learned _all_ of the material poorly.
         | 
         | In other words, the exam has higher random variance.
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | This happened to me in my computer graphics class. The first
           | exam had a multi-part problem where the first part involved
           | quaternions. I was familiar with quaternions from my time as
           | a physics major, but did not remember the professor
           | introducing them. I reviewed my notes afterwards and found
           | that he did in fact mention them in passing in a lecture two
           | weeks previous to the exam, but did not call particular
           | attention to them nor did he assign any homework involving
           | them.
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | Reminds me of the "Arabian Nights Entertainments" tale of the
       | slave that was a hard worker and honest - but for one day a year
       | when he would lie. "Not bad," thought the slaveholder and bought
       | him on the spot. Hilarity ensues.
        
       | MontagFTB wrote:
       | UCLA used to have a tour for incoming students during summer
       | orientation. At the beginning of the tour, the guide would inform
       | the students that they were about to hear some pretty wild
       | stories about the campus, but that only one of the claims was a
       | lie. Over the hour-long tour, some pretty wild claims were
       | floated (this building had to be rotated to reduce sunset glare
       | hitting the 405, or that fountain was sabotaged during its design
       | to look like a toilet, or that sculpture is entirely made of ear
       | wax.) At the end of the tour the lie was finally revealed: that
       | they were all lies, and the original claim itself was false.
        
         | cortesoft wrote:
         | Oh man, I still remember that from my tour 21 years ago. That
         | whole orientation was such a magical moment in my life.
        
           | MontagFTB wrote:
           | I was a fourth year in 2001- glad to hear they were giving
           | the same tour then!
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | My problem with _find the lie_ , like the NPR game show "Wait,
         | Wait, Don't Tell Me", is that the lies are often more
         | interesting than the truth and can be the thing that sticks
         | with you.
         | 
         | That does _not_ sound like it would promote good teaching.
        
           | _moof wrote:
           | As tempting as this method sounds I'd be reluctant to employ
           | it for the simple fact that the things you learn first (in
           | this case the lies) are more likely to stick than the
           | corrections. That's not the only factor in learning,
           | obviously, and boy can I appreciate frustration around
           | motivating people to engage with material more actively.
           | Still, the principle of primacy gives me pause.
           | 
           | I wonder how much of the effect is due merely to increased
           | attention from the novelty. What I mean is, could a similar
           | effect be achieved by some other method that grabs attention
           | in some other way without introducing incorrect material?
        
           | elliottkember wrote:
           | Well, adding interesting things to your lesson would make the
           | whole lecture more interesting, no matter whether they are
           | lies. The other information gets in, because you're listening
           | intently for the next outlandish thing.
        
       | throw7 wrote:
       | Hmmm... on the first lecture we're not told if there was
       | identified a "Lie of the Day". I presume there wasn't (which is
       | cool), but if there was then that's kinda shitty.
        
       | spanktheuser wrote:
       | I used this technique to teach my children about politics,
       | business and governance. Essentially any domain characterized by
       | imperfect information, imperiled by cognitive bias, or containing
       | incentive for deceit. The larger lesson I hoped to convey was a
       | healthy skepticism of purported statements of truth, including
       | mine. But much as in the article, the greatest value lay in the
       | boost to engagement and interaction with the material. My kids
       | loved finding the lie almost as much as I loved planning them.
        
       | scrapheap wrote:
       | One of our lecturers used to ask the audience a question, but
       | rather than ask if anybody knew the answer there was a paper
       | airplane that he would throw into the class. The rule was whoever
       | it landed closest to got asked a question. When he wanted to ask
       | another question that person got to throw the paper airplane to
       | see who would have to answer that one.
       | 
       | It hadn't landed near me until the last lecture and the lecturer
       | said "Is this the first time that it's landed near you?". I
       | replied with "Yes", to which he responded with "Damn, that was I
       | question I asked! Throw the plane"
        
       | RegBarclay wrote:
       | One of my kids' high school teachers does something similar - not
       | limited to a single falsehood per class period and bonus points
       | given on the spot for students piping up and correcting. High
       | schoolers aren't always very forthcoming with details about their
       | classroom experiences, so this one teacher does stand out simply
       | because they get talked about positively at home, so I'd say
       | mission accomplished on student engagement.
        
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