[HN Gopher] A new career in software development: advice for non...
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       A new career in software development: advice for non-youngsters
        
       Author : jvilalta
       Score  : 79 points
       Date   : 2022-05-16 00:43 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (shape-of-code.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (shape-of-code.com)
        
       | lmc wrote:
       | There aren't many jobs in Cobol or Fortran, and they tend to be
       | powering things that aren't very junior-friendly.
       | 
       | I would go for C#, Java, or (if you have a masochistic streak)
       | C++. And SQL.
       | 
       | Honestly Go seems to be over its honeymoon period and is probably
       | a safe bet also (there's 500 Go vs 600 C# jobs on my regular UK
       | job search site).
        
         | mjevans wrote:
         | I've done some personal projects in Go (golang?) and I respect
         | it as a modern development language.
         | 
         | Rust is on my TODO list to dabble in; at least at a glance the
         | language has a solid conception, a clean syntax for
         | portability, and the language syntax appears to lean towards
         | clarifying much of the undefined behavior optimization other
         | languages get humans into trouble over.
         | 
         | I'd even take mono / C# over Java; but that's just because of
         | the real world enterprise nightmares I've seen... all the
         | fossilized versions of vulnerable libraries everywhere.
        
         | usrbinbash wrote:
         | > Honestly Go seems to be over its honeymoon period and is
         | probably a safe bet also
         | 
         | This. Go is an established technology by now. Plus, it is
         | really, really easy to learn and get productive in...I mean,
         | being accessible even to beginners was one of the design goals
         | of the language. One can literally get to grips with its basics
         | over a long weekend.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | Yes. I was comfortable in Go in about a week. It lets you do
           | most of the things you really need to do in a web backend
           | without too much bother. The language is generally well
           | behaved. There's no framework-of-the-week problem.
           | 
           | JavaScript/TypeScript/Node/React/etc is a treadmill.
        
       | timoteostewart wrote:
       | Is Java unfashionable yet, I wonder.
        
         | allendoerfer wrote:
         | Every enterprise uses Java and will continue to do so for the
         | foreseeable future. Enterprises pay higher wages than smaller
         | shops.
        
         | habibur wrote:
         | Java is unfashionable since when Ruby on Rails came out. Early
         | 2000.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | UncleOxidant wrote:
           | Hasn't Ruby been unfashionable for a while now?
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | Ruby is more fashionable than Java web development. PHP is
           | more fashionable than Ruby. Go is miles more fashionable than
           | PHP. Python is more fashionable than GO. These change as Ruby
           | was way more fashionable than PHP 10 years ago. Golang was
           | way more fashionable over Python 2 years ago. PHP was more
           | fashionable to Python 15 years ago.
           | 
           | Java is still fashionable because of android development.
        
         | pubby wrote:
         | I figure Java has been unfashionable for 10+ years. The applet
         | boom was a long time ago.
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | I wonder if the accelerated pace of features will invert that
           | trend.
        
         | ldayley wrote:
         | Are you asking if Java is unfashionable enough for it to be
         | seen as a legacy niche- like COBOL or 4GL? Just because it's
         | out of fashion doesn't mean isn't crowded...
        
       | sandworm101 wrote:
       | >> new technology (fashion is about the new) often experiences a
       | period of rapid change, and keeping up with change requires time
       | and effort. Does somebody with a family, or outside interests,
       | really want to spend time keeping up with constant change at
       | work? I suspect no
       | 
       | BS.
       | 
       | I'm not one for terse responses but I cannot think of any better
       | way to say it. This author evidently has never worked with anyone
       | outside their graduating class. Without "outside interests" or
       | "family" I predict they will burn out within five years.
        
       | Peach_blue wrote:
       | How come most people say software devs are in demand and then
       | there is this comment saying he receives 4000+ applications on a
       | job and nobody in Europe should consider this career?
       | 
       | Can perspectives on reality be this far apart, or is he trolling?
        
         | py_or_dy wrote:
         | Stuff is screwed up. I applied at over 80 companies last year,
         | got interviews with about 60 of them, did about 110 individual
         | phone screens/interviews. Got no offers. It seems the
         | management paradigm right now for small shops or startups is to
         | dedicate $350k or so per year for developer salaries. A single
         | principle or staff engineer is hired. Takes $150k per year. And
         | they in turn try to shove 4 juniors into the remaining $200k.
         | I'm 40 years old with no lead experience and I'm not a junior.
         | So I fit none of these roles.
        
           | pc86 wrote:
           | Have you been a developer the whole time? ~16-18 YOE with no
           | lead experience could be [incorrectly] taken as a red flag.
           | 
           | I will say we've been trying to hire two seniors for the
           | better part of 6 months and most of the people we end up on
           | the phone with either end up going somewhere (presumably for
           | more $ but it's rare to get a reason), or they do so poorly
           | on the technical screen it makes you wonder if they just used
           | someone else's resume. Nothing in between the two - I've been
           | in my current EM role for probably 3 months, have done maybe
           | 20-25 interviews, and we've extended 4 offers. One accepted
           | then took a different job two days before his start date, one
           | accepted, two declined.
        
             | py_or_dy wrote:
             | I've been doing some form of development since the age of
             | 28. I look young for my age so I could probably pass for
             | 35. I've made sure nothing giving my true age away is
             | online or on my resume. I think the biggest issue is I have
             | mostly been in the Perl ecosystem and most of those
             | companies are self hosted, not using docker, etc. I do have
             | requirements of only being remote, this worked fine in the
             | perl world. But those jobs are mostly non-existent now and
             | plus I was tired of the mindset that perl software stacks
             | seem to harbor (never updating software, why use a
             | framework when you can cowboy code your own, etc). Spent 2
             | years playing around with Django, figured it would be an
             | easy transition. Hard to say why I don't get hired. I even
             | did 7 interviews with one company. Several occasions I even
             | celebrated early (buying stuff I didn't need with my
             | dwindling savings account, going out to eat at fancy places
             | with the family, etc) because I had 2 or 3 interviews
             | ongoing and they were going so good and I was such a good
             | match that I just knew I'd get an offer from one. But no...
             | Slowly went from asking $130k per year to $120k, $110k,
             | $90k.. That didn't help, the companies got crappier, the
             | interviews just got longer and harder (the opposite of what
             | I was wanting because I was so burned out by this time).
             | Had a couple of perl companies reach out to me, but they
             | are old legacy code and part time 1099. I can barely make
             | myself put in over 15 hours combined per week with them
             | though. Just feels like I am poisoning myself by going with
             | them and want to do more interviewing but then the voice
             | telling me it is pointless comes back so I just end up
             | sitting in my home office for 12+ hours a day staring out
             | the window.
        
               | eatonphil wrote:
               | I'm sorry to hear about your experience! It's really
               | shitty to have applied so many times in a year and gotten
               | nowhere. I can't help you out but for to encourage you
               | that interviewing is always a numbers game. I find it
               | depressing and have to apply to tons of companies and I'm
               | not your age. My only trick is to take breaks when I need
               | them and keep trying.
        
               | soneca wrote:
               | What kind of companies did you apply to?
               | 
               | I'll share my personal experience, in case it helps. I
               | only apply to small startups (less than 50 employees, but
               | I usually get hired in places with <10 people). These
               | have much more straightforward and short hiring
               | processes. I find those companies solely from HN Who is
               | Hiring thread or AngelList. I never got anything from a
               | job post on Linkedin (much less Indeed and etc). I am a
               | frontend developer, but I do see a lot of Python
               | positions.
               | 
               | If you filter for companies based in the US only, the pay
               | is pretty good.
               | 
               | There is a lot of luck involved in getting hired
               | (especially after going through an interview, since from
               | there the process is very subjective). It sucks, but you
               | just have to keep trying. One day you will be the lucky
               | one. Good luck!
        
               | passingmagic wrote:
               | Is the TC at these small companies (particularly taking
               | into account the risk of any stock options) comparable to
               | the TC at Big Tech (notwithstanding the recent sell-off
               | on Wall Street)?
               | 
               | Or do you give up some TC for the other benefits of
               | working at these small startups?
        
             | triyambakam wrote:
             | Are you able to share where you're hiring?
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | I don't think it violates any rules here, so sure. The
               | company is called ServicePower, we run a handful of apps
               | in the field service, insurance, and warranty industries.
               | My teams are NodeJS, AWS, Kafka, but there are other
               | teams (some with open recs as well) that do C++ or Java
               | if that's more your thing. All teams are remote-first and
               | all teams are US or UK. I added my email to my profile if
               | you (or anyone else) is interested in discussing more.
        
         | bitexploder wrote:
         | They almost always mean "talented/experienced" people are in
         | demand. Not some random who did a bootcamp and watched a few YT
         | videos and can barely copy and paste from stack overflow.
        
           | mouzogu wrote:
           | Issue is that many jobs are getting 100s of applicants, and
           | even if you're "talented" you can easily still get lost in
           | the system.
           | 
           | That's without considering the related huge levels of
           | gatekeeping now happening in hiring. Some experienced people
           | are just too jaded to deal with it.
        
             | bin_bash wrote:
             | If you actually are talented, and reasonably right for the
             | role: figure out who the hiring manager is and message them
             | on LinkedIn. You don't have to make sure it's the right HM,
             | as long as you're close they'll point you in the right
             | direction.
             | 
             | I've done this many times (before working in big tech) and
             | I have always received a response. There is only 1 company
             | that I've failed to get through for at least some kind of a
             | screen: MSFT. They seem to want nothing to do with me.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | I is frustrating from our side too. My boss just sent me a
             | half dozen resumes: they all look the same to me: someone
             | fresh out of a CS degree looking for a job (this is an
             | entry level position so that is what we want). I really
             | don't want to interview 6 people for one position, so who
             | do we call in?
        
               | joebob42 wrote:
               | The "fair" and probably also reasonable imo thing to do
               | is just pick randomly if you have a bunch of equally good
               | people and can't interview them all.
               | 
               | Or make them do leetcode stuff, I think this situation is
               | basically what that whole part of the process is for.
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | _> he receives 4000+ applications on a job and nobody in Europe
         | should consider this career_
         | 
         | Why would you assume he's trolling? In some EU countries the
         | market is insanely competitive due to great free schools
         | churning out coders like crazy due to the tech hype, plus tons
         | of skilled immigrants from developing nations trying to break
         | into the market, so companies are very picky since they get
         | bombarded with applications, so people with little experience
         | or failing the culture fit or whatever arbitrary metrics are
         | used, can easily fall through the cracks and not find a job
         | despite being talented.
         | 
         | The high demand you hear is true, but only for experienced
         | seniors and, since nobody wants to take in juniors and train
         | them this creates a bottleneck of artificial scarcity despite
         | the high supply of less experienced devs.
        
         | habibur wrote:
         | Guess developers are in high demand in US/UK. And not at all in
         | rest of the world. Reading the comments on the original post, I
         | assume this picture.
        
         | lmc wrote:
         | > Behind your "software development job" are 100 Chinese and
         | Indian applicants lined up and they are willed to do your job
         | it for a handful of rice.
         | 
         | A troll, or very isolated individual (perhaps both).
        
           | tluyben2 wrote:
           | > handful of rice
           | 
           | Maybe 20 years ago.
        
         | kharak wrote:
         | I have a hard time believing that comment. I know people who
         | graduated recently with a software developer degree. Some in
         | their late 20ties and the degree is not from a university. They
         | got instant job offers. If you have a degree and can actually
         | write code, you're in.
        
           | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
           | Maybe in hot markets like US or UK, but some of EU is pretty
           | bleak.
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | Your inbox can literally have that many applications in it, but
         | by far most of them are junk. A lot of them seem like they're
         | sent to intentionally not get seen, like they're part of some
         | requirement to apply for jobs or something like that, eg people
         | with no appropriate skill listed, or anything at all similar to
         | what was advertised.
         | 
         | Then there's also complete dreamers. I hear football clubs
         | often get guys who've played Champ Manager sending in an
         | application on a whim.
        
         | armitron wrote:
         | Skilled developers are in demand, but the market is _flooded_
         | not only with low-barrier-to-entry applicants that can't even
         | do the basics but also beginner programmers with constructed
         | work histories that can masquerade a lot better and as a result
         | require more time to see through and filter. This state of
         | affairs is also rapidly getting worse..
         | 
         | If someone entering the field now has nothing (e.g. CS degree
         | from a good university, high-quality projects), to help him
         | raise above this noise, it's a fool's gamble.
        
           | tarentel wrote:
           | This has been happening to me so much lately. Half the
           | applicants I receive look great on paper and then I realize
           | their only "work" experience are a bunch of "companies" they
           | made up for some side projects. The other half of the people
           | I am not even sure why they are applying as they literally
           | have no idea how to code. I can't imagine what the recruiters
           | are receiving if I am getting the filtered version.
        
           | Peach_blue wrote:
           | Thanks for that nuanced insight.
           | 
           | I'm currently trying out whether frontend development could
           | be for me in my mid thirties. I knew that bootcamp marketing
           | and YouTubers were exaggerating when it came to the jobs and
           | their requirements. But I didn't think there would be so much
           | 'noise' indeed.
           | 
           | I guess that means to only go through with it if you are
           | really, really good and actually enjoy doing it. Not because
           | it promises money and job stability.
        
             | armitron wrote:
             | I'm in my early 50s with a career spanning three decades,
             | worked in fintech, worked in various FAANGs, lived in SV
             | for close to 10 years, lived in NYC for half as long, now
             | semi-retired.
             | 
             | For someone young (early to mid 20s), I agree with what you
             | wrote. Being really, really good and actually enjoying
             | doing it, should be a must.
             | 
             | For someone of your age or older, I see a lot more risk. If
             | you start from zero, it will take you at least 5 years to
             | build up ammunition (a degree from a good university and
             | some demonstrable experience) that's going to open the
             | doors that you need open and give you a shot at passing the
             | entrance tests. And then the "being really, really good"
             | part comes in except you're now 5 years older facing fierce
             | competition and there's no guarantee that you will succeed
             | (who knows what the market will be in 5-10 years, the
             | trajectory doesn't look promising).
             | 
             | Personally, I wouldn't do it. The skills needed to offset
             | the risk are hard to acquire in the timespans we're talking
             | about, unless you're truly exceptional. But offseting the
             | risk for me means living in the US and working at one of
             | the FAANGs (job security and very high total compensation).
             | Others see it differently.
        
               | Peach_blue wrote:
               | I appreciate your comment and the honesty.
               | 
               | Funny thing is, I considered coding because I didn't see
               | my natural talent as a copywriter (not in english) to be
               | recession proof enough. Then everyone talked about how
               | coders are in such demand etc.
               | 
               | I never stopped to think that tech is an industry like
               | any other. And that when the economy tanks all those
               | start-ups and companies who are willing to gamble on an
               | inexperienced junior dev will behave very differently.
               | 
               | Doesn't speak for my problem solving skills, actually.
               | Lol.
               | 
               | I will surely re-evaluate my motivations.
        
         | michaelbrave wrote:
         | It's been my life experience that none of what you hear is "in
         | demand" actually is, what it instead translates to is "not
         | willing to pay or hire or train enough".
         | 
         | My friends who work in nursing tell me it's not that there
         | isn't a talent pool, it's that they are short staffed due to
         | hiring limitations more than lack of interest, which then feels
         | like being short staffed because everyone is putting in more
         | time, which makes the environment suck, which does make people
         | quit, especially exaserbated with covid and conspiracy
         | theorists treating them poorly. But until the underlying issues
         | are solved, it's not a real shortage as there are qualified
         | people looking for work but not being hired.
         | 
         | Teacher shortage is similar, not willing to pay them
         | enough(even when school funding is high, teacher pay stays
         | low), and the amount of bullshit they have to put up with seems
         | to go up every year, which is unrelated to amount of people
         | with teaching credentials.
         | 
         | Programming has a similar problem, every company wants senior
         | roles but very few are willing to train, so it's a bottleneck
         | more than a shortage.
        
         | ldayley wrote:
         | This comment proves the author's thesis, which is "The culture
         | is ageist so you probably won't stand out using the same skills
         | as the newer devs or companies. Find an obscure, unsexy,
         | perhaps almost obsolete niche and specialize because the kids
         | or mid-career engineers don't even bother with those jobs."
         | 
         | Now if only there was a way to monetize a COBOL or ABAP channel
         | on Youtube, hmmm...
         | 
         | *Edited for clarity
        
       | starwind wrote:
       | Tangential to this piece: if you're worried about ageism,
       | consider going into to defense and aerospace. Lots of older
       | developers because of the clearance requirement
        
         | corrral wrote:
         | Shit, they probably have trouble hiring & retaining people
         | under 40, thanks to the clearance requirement. Big overlap
         | between the millennial-and-younger tech crowd and folks who are
         | fairly big fans of federally-illegal drugs. At least cannabis,
         | if nothing else.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | Not in my experience. There's plenty of people under 40 in
           | the defense industry. Every big defense contractor has
           | internship programs to feed people in fresh out of
           | university. And once you're in, it can be difficult to get
           | out, since the pay is above average for the regions (and the
           | benefits are glorious), but the workload is so light. It's
           | not unusual to be on a project that's going nowhere for four
           | months, so you get to come in and do busy work.
           | 
           | Hiring is tough right now, but it's tough for everyone. But
           | that has lead to a huge increase in wages. Every one of my
           | friends in the industry has seen promotions and 40% pay
           | raises.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | There are more jobs appearing in that area. We're going to need
         | more guns to contain Russia's attempt to reconquer the former
         | Soviet Union.
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | If you already have a clearance, sure. Otherwise, it's usually
         | _more_ ageist, at least ever since the OPM hack caused the SSBI
         | process to span out so long. Since you go back the lesser of
         | either 10 years or when a candidate turned 18, it pays to hire
         | people younger than 28 since their investigations won 't have
         | to go back as far and can thus be completed faster.
        
       | wilsonfiifi wrote:
       | Coldfusion might be a good tech stack to learn. I'm sure there
       | are a multitude of legacy apps/sites that still use it.
        
       | germinalphrase wrote:
       | Anyone have (a link to) equivalent advice for transitioning into
       | product management?
        
       | ozim wrote:
       | Well not only QA not only niche languages.
       | 
       | If you get semi-technical there are loads of product
       | owner/business analysts roles to fill in.
       | 
       | Let alone if you just want any job there is first line support /
       | second line support.
       | 
       | There are plenty configuration roles which don't require
       | knowledge of coding but ability to learn configuration settings,
       | operating browser, operating software on different angle than
       | just using it - but being able to congfigure it for others to
       | use.
        
       | jstx1 wrote:
       | Umm, excuse me, what?
       | 
       | The author is telling people to pick up Cobol/Basic/Pascal/MUMPS
       | (and not Go or another modern language) as their first language
       | in 2022? To make themselves more employable? How did this make it
       | to the front page? I get that some people will like the old-man
       | grumpiness in the post but put that aside and focus on the actual
       | advice they're giving - it's just outright harmful career advice.
       | 
       | And also, think about it from first principles - why would people
       | starting their programming careers 15+ years later than most
       | people need to pick different tools? It makes no sense at all.
        
         | SassyGrapefruit wrote:
         | >why would people starting their programming careers 15+ years
         | later than most people need to pick different tools? It makes
         | no sense at all.
         | 
         | *One low barries to entry* Companies like Vanguard are
         | desperate for Cobol engineers. They'll train just about anyone.
         | I know quite a few financial analysts of all ages that made the
         | leap to maintain their legacy systems and are doing quite well
         | for themselves. There is little competition for this sort of
         | job
         | 
         | *It might work out well for everyone* Not everyone is looking
         | to do the latest, most marketable work. Imagine someone that is
         | 57 and plans to retire in 5-10 years. This works out great for
         | both them and the employer. The employer gets coverage on their
         | legacy systems, springs free folks earlier in their career to
         | build that sexy, next gen replacement, the employee gets a
         | nice, cushy ride into the sunset. If its planned well the
         | replacement system arrives right around retirement time.
         | Migrate and move to Florida
         | 
         | *Some folks are not looking to ride the dragon* Some folks love
         | the idea of a system that is completely understood and battle
         | tested. Some of these legacy systems benefit from 30-40 years
         | of hardening. Adding enhancements and such have clear, uniform
         | processes honed over decades with very little in the way of
         | surprises. For many folks the idea of come in at 9 and leave at
         | 5 with little volatility is very appealing.
         | 
         | To each their own.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | > There is little competition for this sort of job
           | 
           | On both sides of the market. There's like 75 times as many
           | javascript job listing as there are cobol ones on popular job
           | boards.
           | 
           | You can get all of those things without leaning on a tech
           | stack with such a small job pool. Most development jobs,
           | especially at large companies, are maintenance-oriented
           | development.
           | 
           | Java is the ecosystem to learn if the three points you listed
           | are important to someone. There are gobs of Java jobs out
           | there, many are battle-tested systems built long ago running
           | in established companies. Another benefit is that there's an
           | actual job market for Java developers, which should be a huge
           | consideration for everyone, because having a stable job isn't
           | the same as having a stable job feel good going to every day.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > And also, think about it from first principles - why would
         | people starting their programming careers 15+ years later than
         | most people need to pick different tools?
         | 
         | Because the people hiring people that are relatively
         | inexperienced but not practicing undercover age discrimination
         | tend to be very much not representative of the industry, or
         | opportunities for new programmers, at large; people starting
         | their career late need to specifically target that market
         | segment, not the more general one.
         | 
         | Note: I am not convinced of the specific advice, particularly
         | in language focus, that the author here gives, but it is still
         | less wrong than your suggestion that there is no difference
         | between the optimum approaches for (by age) late- and early-
         | entrants to programming.
        
           | eatonphil wrote:
           | > Because the people hiring people that are relatively
           | inexperienced but not practicing undercover age
           | discrimination tend to be very much not representative of the
           | industry, or opportunities for new programmers, at large;
           | people starting their career late need to specifically target
           | that market segment, not the more general one.
           | 
           | The other place that doesn't practice age discrimination as
           | much in my experience is local companies. They have a hard
           | time attracting anyone in the first place so it's the easiest
           | to get started if you just show you're reliable and willing
           | to learn/work.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | > the people hiring people that are relatively inexperienced
           | but not practicing undercover age discrimination tend to be
           | very much not representative of the industry
           | 
           | That is our gain. I've interviewed some great talent for
           | entry level positions who have 20 year experience in weird
           | non-programming things. They lack the technical skills to be
           | worth more than entry level pay, but their resume shows more
           | passion than many of the fresh out of CS (or boot camp) they
           | are competing against. They also have enough background that
           | if their skills develop as expected they will move up the
           | ladder quickly.
        
           | soneca wrote:
           | I agree with GP. The article's author is completely wrong
           | IMO. If there is a difference in the approach of a twenty-
           | something and a forty years old to start a software
           | development career is _not_ in the language choice. I think
           | both should consider the same things regarding their choice.
           | Namely: what they feel they like more and what has the most
           | jobs.
           | 
           | The difference is more likely to be in the interview skills.
           | How they can make an effort to relate more with the
           | interviewer (since they won't "naturally" connect through
           | popular videogame tastes, memes, slangs, or whatever).
        
       | eatonphil wrote:
       | My dad has a few decades experience with MUMPS and he has a hard
       | time finding a job every time he's had to go looking. There are
       | few jobs and they seem competitive.
       | 
       | I don't think it's a good idea for anyone to learn it now for a
       | job.
        
       | wooly_bully wrote:
       | Not sure if I agree with some of the specifics of this, but the
       | overall sentiment is still valuable. There's a lot of work out
       | there for non-youngsters looking to get into software
       | development. Lots of hiring companies will value your experience
       | even if it's not directly related to coding.
       | 
       | Wrote these just after I switch careers ~4 years ago:
       | 
       | 1. https://zmsy.co/blog/career-switch/ 2.
       | https://zmsy.co/blog/switching-careers-to-software-engineeri...
        
       | stblack wrote:
       | Maintaining and extending legacy code is, in many ways,
       | orthogonal to its underlying language.
       | 
       | You can make a 2x2 matrix with "legacy code quality" on one axis,
       | and "language percieved desireability" on the other axis.
       | 
       | You can make truckloads of money, earn much respect, with nearly
       | zero negative ageism, in at least one of those quadrants.
       | 
       | "Building new" versus "maintaining existing" are different
       | mindsets, and often a choice.
       | 
       | For older people just getting started, "maintaining existing" is
       | often the wiser first decision. From there, the particular mix of
       | language and tech stack count, and often the more obscure the
       | better.
       | 
       | Find a good niche.
        
         | fartcannon wrote:
         | Do you have any real world examples of this?
        
           | s_dev wrote:
           | COBOL Devs probably earn more than React Devs.
        
             | eatonphil wrote:
             | Every time I've gone looking for COBOL jobs on job sites
             | out of curiosity I always see them paying pretty poorly.
             | 
             | On Glassdoor for Cobol [0] the standard range is $54k to
             | $179k (presumably in NYC metro where I am) with a reported
             | maximum of $306k. The standard range for React [1] is $49k
             | to $257k with a reported maximum of $550k.
             | 
             | I'm not saying Glassdoor is perfect but better to have
             | these discussions based on some measured data than just
             | common mantra that legacy is boring but pays better.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.glassdoor.com/Salaries/cobol-programmer-
             | salary-S...
             | 
             | [1] https://www.glassdoor.com/Salaries/react-developer-
             | salary-SR...
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | How many of those React jobs include RSUs from privately
               | owned companies? I would venture that approximately 100%
               | of the COBOL jobs that's all cash compensation/salary.
        
               | eatonphil wrote:
               | Privately owned companies don't give RSUs normally they
               | do stock options or revenue sharing but yes your point is
               | good.
               | 
               | Startups and public companies both seem to pay better
               | base salary for modern tech developers and also give you
               | equity or profit sharing. Whereas the government or
               | government contractor companies that often stick with old
               | tech (it seems) you'll only get cash.
               | 
               | Banks may be an exception since many do give stock or
               | good bonuses. But I don't often see bank positions
               | looking for COBOL developers.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | > _Startups and public companies both seem to pay better
               | base salary for modern tech developers and also give you
               | equity or profit sharing._
               | 
               | I've worked for a couple public companies, none of which
               | gave any stock or any profit sharing to the engineering
               | staff. I've also worked for private companies that had
               | some profit sharing but it was never discussed other than
               | "there is profit sharing" even when it was a substantial
               | percentage (one place I consistently got 6-8% of my
               | salary as profit sharing).
               | 
               | More popular lately seems to be the pseudo-bonus-pseudo-
               | profit-share thing where you have a set percentage of
               | your salary as "bonus" but it requires the company
               | overall hitting specific revenue and profit numbers, so
               | it's essentially profit sharing with a cap.
               | 
               | I think my point is comp structures are all over the
               | place, but "large public company giving base, bonus, and
               | stock" is a small minority, while "private company giving
               | base, and _maybe_ a bonus sometimes " is the most common.
        
               | scarface74 wrote:
               | Why is that a bad thing to offer all cash? Equity from
               | private companies is statistically worthless. I wouldn't
               | even count it as part of my compensation.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | I don't think it's a bad thing (quite the opposite) but
               | it's common to take high SV salaries that include hard-
               | to-hit discretionary bonuses and hundreds of thousands in
               | stock, and compare that TC number to the $175k offered by
               | the private company that's also hiring. It's an apples to
               | hammers comparison.
        
               | scarface74 wrote:
               | All of the public tech companies that I know about
               | basically guarantee you cash + stock and a known vesting
               | schedule over at least two years. Of course, we are
               | living through the first era where BigTech stocks are
               | tanking left and right.
               | 
               | I just left working at "normal companies" most of my
               | career to work at BigTech two years ago at 46. My base
               | pay was about the same. But my stock/prorated signing
               | bonus brought my total compensation up by around 25%. I
               | can (and do) sell my stock as soon as it vests.
               | 
               | I'm on the low end of BigTech compensation. I work
               | remotely and did a slight career pivot from software
               | engineering.
               | 
               | Yes, I know about the dot com bust. Those weren't large
               | _profitable_ tech companies and they didn't have the head
               | count that companies have now
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Every time I've gone looking for COBOL jobs on job
               | sites out of curiosity I always see them paying pretty
               | poorly
               | 
               | Sure, but the places known for paying well in the
               | industry are also fairly overtly hostile to late-entrants
               | and non-traditional career paths unless those people have
               | already built a successful business and are getting
               | acquihired.
        
               | eatonphil wrote:
               | Then more reason not to suggest people go into COBOL I
               | guess (not saying you suggested they should, just
               | responding about this thread overall).
        
               | Juliate wrote:
               | (seen from France)
               | 
               | Those are only public bids, and not everything goes
               | through public channels.
               | 
               | Companies working with COBOL (or things like AS400) do so
               | because they've been using it for some time already.
               | 
               | So they mostly already know the networks of professionals
               | they will hire for the job, and that's often their own
               | past employees who went freelance, or keep contracting
               | after legal retirement kicks in. Professionals who also
               | act as hiring agents for their replacements.
        
               | eatonphil wrote:
               | That's good to know. But for the purposes of people
               | considering a new career wouldn't their position be
               | basically the same as what you see publicly reported on
               | Glassdoor? (assuming there's not some bias like people
               | who use COBOL are less likely to also use Glassdoor and
               | enter salaries there)
               | 
               | If you're starting a new career you wouldn't have a
               | network.
        
               | Juliate wrote:
               | If you're starting a new career, I'm not sure the info
               | you will find on Glassdoor will speak much to you either
               | (or, not as much as when you already have had one or two
               | positions - because then you know how to interpret some
               | signals companies broadcast through their ads, or their
               | employees reports).
               | 
               | And looking after COBOL (or an old tech, without having
               | been introduced to it before) as an entry job is a bit
               | peculiar.
               | 
               | Better looking after the companies that still need it,
               | understanding why, and then going through them for
               | specific jobs, linked or not to COBOL.
               | 
               | I understand the appeal of getting into it for the
               | technology or the money, but getting into it for the
               | problems and how to solve them first will open many more
               | paths (and as much if not more money).
        
             | fdgsdfogijq wrote:
             | Honestly, I really doubt it. This COBOL meme, is just that,
             | a meme. Highest paid devs (>400k) generally work with brand
             | new technology
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | COBOL devs have been at their same job for 10+ years. So
             | take whatever the average dev wage was 10 years ago, and
             | add 3% raises.
             | 
             | Zip Recruiter puts average salaries at around $88k/yr with
             | the top 10% making over $110k. Payscale puts salaries a
             | little lower than that.
             | 
             | The of the few job postings I see, none have salary
             | information listed -- in my experience, that tends to mean
             | the salaries are low or average. And if you're a COBOL
             | engineer, jobs opportunities are slim, even in a region
             | with a large number of older banks and insurance companies
             | (read: prime COBOL industries). There's like one job each
             | in areas like Omaha, NE; Alpharetta, GA; Montgomery County,
             | AL; Chattanooga, TN; Milan, IL; Feather South, FL; etc. In
             | other words, a bunch of places nobody has ever heard of.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | The places that need to replace COBOL devs aging out of
               | the work force with apps still running are among the
               | places least likely to practice age discrimination to
               | start with (and even if they were inclined to, there's
               | not a pipeline of fresh out of college/bootcamp COBOL
               | devs.)
               | 
               | (C#/Java have lots more opportunities at the same type of
               | workplaces, so aren't bad choices but also lots more
               | competition at all experience levels and from more
               | traditional career paths; still, late-entrants with
               | relative domain expertise can be quite competitive with
               | pure programmers.)
        
           | askonomm wrote:
           | I don't want to toot my own horn, but I wrote a blog post
           | about being a niche programmer that you may or may not find
           | useful: https://ano.ee/blog/the-niche-programmer
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | ulisesrmzroche wrote:
       | It's too crazy to be satire.
        
       | soneca wrote:
       | From my personal experience, I disagree completely with the
       | advice that "non-youngsters" switching careers to software
       | development should aim for "non-fashionable" tech.
       | 
       | I started to learn software development at 37 years old (shoutout
       | to freeCodeCamp.org!). That was in 2017. I went the frontend
       | route, so I naturally started with html, css, and javascript.
       | Then, since React was already the most popular framework then, I
       | started to learn it and build projects solely on React. I skipped
       | Jquery, pre-ES5 javascript, and things like that. I focused on
       | what was fashionable.
       | 
       | It turned out great for me! I am a very happy and successful (in
       | financial terms compared to what I earned early or expected to
       | earn these days) web developer.
       | 
       | Funny enough, my first job was using Ember. But six months in,
       | the company decided to migrate to React, since it was getting
       | harder and harder to hire people that wanted to work with Ember.
       | Then a couple of React jobs. And now I started a job using Vue.
       | So still learning fashionable things.
       | 
       | Btw, I never noticed ageism against me. I worked on a big
       | Brazilian startup and then on three small American startups. Of
       | course, plenty of the jobs that I applied for and didn't get
       | could be because of ageism, I'll never know, but I consider
       | myself to be successful in getting jobs, so at least I think it
       | is not something that affected the general outcome of my career.
        
         | armitron wrote:
         | Startups are not typically picky about hiring, in fact they
         | have a major financial incentive to be anti-ageist. The problem
         | is.. when the market tanks and startups go bust, it doesn't
         | look so rosy anymore.
         | 
         | Which is why the most coveted positions in this field are in a
         | few corporations that pay top dollar. Getting hired there is a
         | different story in terms of barrier to entry and competition
         | you will face including ageism which is unfortunately very much
         | present.
         | 
         | So for someone non-young who looks at his future 10-20 years
         | and tries to calculate risk, startups should not be taken into
         | account. If one can't get a job at the top corps, one shouldn't
         | enter the field. The risk is just too much.
        
           | soneca wrote:
           | > _" If one can 't get a job at the top corps, one shouldn't
           | enter the field. The risk is just too much"_
           | 
           | What?? I think I never read anything in HN that I disagree
           | more with.
           | 
           | I got fired December 1st last year because the company I
           | worked was heading to an IPO and decided that they didn't
           | want to work with full time contractors from outside the USA
           | anymore. I got paid the whole December month. I started in a
           | new job in January 18th.
           | 
           | Being a good frontend developer is what minimizes the risk of
           | my career, not working on companies that will exist in 20
           | years. I doubt a lot that I will be working in the same
           | company that I am now in 10 years.
        
           | bin_bash wrote:
           | So there is FAANG and there are startups? I think you left
           | out a few companies.
        
           | tragictrash wrote:
           | First off, I wouldn't work for "one of the top corps", being
           | FAANG companies. The work life balance is terrible. Find a
           | company that does it's own business and wants to hire their
           | own developers.
           | 
           | How do you expect to get into the field, not just graduating
           | college with a CS degree? Your advice is like a self
           | fulfilling prophecy. Go work at a startup. You'll learn tons.
           | Sure, job security won't be as good as an established
           | company, but the barrier to entry isn't either.
        
             | QuercusMax wrote:
             | Your mileage can certainly vary with work-life-balance in
             | FAANGs - I've been at Alphabet for almost 7 years and I've
             | had great WLB. It's something you have to do deliberately,
             | though; especially with distributed teams, there's always
             | going to be emails coming in, chats to read, documents and
             | CLs to review, etc. If you're someone who tends towards
             | workaholism you may need to set some boundaries in your
             | life.
             | 
             | I'm not saying this is universally true at Alphabet, as
             | there are definitely groups that don't do a good job of
             | this, but it's very doable.
        
             | armitron wrote:
             | That may still work when someone is in his 20s. For someone
             | in mid-30s/early 40s, it's too much of a gamble, especially
             | if one has a family to support.
             | 
             | One starting from zero doesn't gain deep expertise in
             | anything in a startup in the span of a few years. As long
             | as the market is breaking one record after another and
             | money is raining from the skies, this is not a problem. But
             | it's an illusion and like all illusions, eventually will
             | collapse. And when it does, you're at the bottom of the
             | totem pole and as expendable as one can be. And this
             | doesn't even take into account technological progress that
             | is rapidly obsoleting many of these low-barrier-to-entry
             | jobs.
        
           | scarface74 wrote:
           | You don't manage risk in your career by worrying about the
           | company. You manage risk by making sure you have a marketable
           | skillset, an updated resume, an updated "career document",
           | and having savings.
           | 
           | If you count on your company to never lay you off, you end up
           | like old IBMers who got complacent, found they didn't have a
           | marketable skillset and when they got laid off and couldn't
           | find a job, they complained about "ageism".
           | 
           | I'm 48 for what it is worth.
        
             | triyambakam wrote:
             | Very useful advice, something I wish I would have kept in
             | mind sooner!
        
         | mouzogu wrote:
         | I'm a front end developer for 15 years, same age as you. I'm
         | looking to leave the industry, so I kind of agree with the
         | author. It's a matter of perspective I guess.
         | 
         | I just feel this field has become incredibly over saturated and
         | it's now a race to the bottom.
        
           | scsilver wrote:
           | Which field hasn't in your opinion?
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | Medicine. There's never gonna be a short supply of old and
             | sick people needing care. Doctors enjoy a job stability
             | second to none.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | Isn't the trend in the industry to rely more heavily on
               | nurse practitioners and physician assistants instead of
               | MDs as primary care providers?
               | 
               | I don't think that's necessarily a bad thing, but from
               | one perspective it seems to put downward pressure on the
               | salary of primary care providers.
        
               | passingmagic wrote:
               | The "shortage" of medical professionals - esp. doctors -
               | I believe is a manufactured one. The medical associations
               | and societies that control approvals operate in a manner
               | similar to OPEC. They keep supply down to keep prices
               | high. This is almost a scam, given the lengthy wait times
               | for doc appointments in many urban areas.
        
           | askonomm wrote:
           | I felt the same way, but then I learnt a niche programming
           | language (Clojure), and get to do front-end work for double
           | the salary, with far less competition, and I quite enjoy
           | programming again. Not saying it will work for you, but worth
           | a thought!
        
           | soneca wrote:
           | I am not sure what the metric of "bottom" you are using, but
           | I am earning 14x the salary of my first job as a junior
           | developer in 2017.
           | 
           | About 6x the salary of the job I had before changing careers
           | (I took a pay cut when I started as a junior).
           | 
           | Definitely a race up for me.
        
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