[HN Gopher] Luna Cryptocurrency Collapse: How UST Broke and Why ...
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       Luna Cryptocurrency Collapse: How UST Broke and Why It Matters
        
       Author : CharlesW
       Score  : 91 points
       Date   : 2022-05-13 19:53 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cnet.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cnet.com)
        
       | BrissyCoder wrote:
       | Doesn't seem to address the "why it matters" portion of the
       | headline.
        
       | woah wrote:
       | I'd be interested in some analysis of whether Luna would have
       | been more likely to work without the "Anchor protocol".
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | It likely would have limped along as a microcap wannabe coin
         | that no one cared enough about to attack.
        
       | memish wrote:
       | USDD next? Just announced yesterday by Justin Sun. 40% APR!
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/justinsuntron/status/1524726284399480832
        
         | redisman wrote:
         | There's a sucker born every minute. Anyone who sees 40%
         | interest and doesn't think it's a scam would've lost that money
         | on some other scam
        
         | IdEntities wrote:
         | There are only a few ways to make consistent >15% yields in
         | this world:
         | 
         | - Buy Treasury bonds in 1980
         | 
         | - Invest in shaky emerging market debt
         | 
         | - Be a credit card lender
         | 
         | - Invest in the early phases of a Ponzi scheme before it blows
         | up
         | 
         | Good luck to USDD investors.
        
       | mondoveneziano wrote:
       | LUNA is trading at below $0.00001, that is below 1/1000th of a
       | _cent_ right now. For many, getting rid of it may be much harder
       | than just ignoring it. A few weeks ago the price people were
       | willing to pay for it hovered around $100.
       | 
       | I say "the price people were willing to pay" instead of "value",
       | because now that nobody wants to speculate with LUNA, it did fall
       | down to its intrinsic value: Practically zero. Nobody needs it
       | for anything besides buying and selling it from and to other
       | people, which is not happening anymore.
       | 
       | Cryptocurrency is gambling, plain and simple. The difficulty that
       | fiat currency faces is inflation, which roughly means diluting
       | the economy that backs it too much. The difficulty with
       | cryptocurrency is that there is nothing of worth backing it.
       | Factor in the horrifying externalities, and its worth is
       | negative.
       | 
       | For Bitcoin, the most popular one, on the order of
       | 100.000.000.000.000.000.000 of hashes get calculated to mine a
       | single block, multiple trillion per second. Within ten minutes,
       | only a single one of those 100.000.000.000.000.000.000 hashes is
       | actually used, depending entirely on luck. The rest are thrown
       | away entirely. They do not form part of the final hash or
       | anything else, the energy spent on them is lost.
        
         | donkarma wrote:
         | You have contradicted yourself. By your own admission, Bitcoin
         | is backed by the world's energy and computing resources (at
         | least what is used on the network)
        
           | mondoveneziano wrote:
           | All energy and computing resources used on mining Bitcoin are
           | spent and cannot be used for anything else. The concept of
           | "backing" means that resources are available, and the entity
           | backing them merely represents them. Stock is backed by the
           | services and products a company provides. Fiat currency is
           | backed by their respective part of the world economy.
           | Resources are not depleted by backing those.
           | 
           | Saying Bitcoin is "backed" by the world's energy and
           | computing resources is like saying that a wildfire is
           | "backed" by a state's forestry reserves.
        
       | vyrotek wrote:
       | What a mess. And now I just saw this. What?
       | 
       | "Leading crypto exchange, Crypto.com, has announced that its
       | users who traded embattled Terra's native token, LUNA, on May 12
       | at around 12:40 - 13:39 (UTC) did so with the wrong price.
       | 
       | Crypto.com, one of such exchanges, has revealed that traders
       | involved in the concerned transactions _would have their
       | transactions reversed_ , and a $10 reward in CRO, the native
       | token of the platform, would be given to them as compensation for
       | the inconvenience."
       | 
       | https://watcher.guru/news/crypto-com-reverses-traders-luna-m...
        
         | redisman wrote:
         | Wild guess - the wrong price they were able to sell at was much
         | higher than the 0.00001 it's at now.
        
         | cheeze wrote:
         | These people should just file a complaint with the regulator
         | that manages this stuff.
         | 
         | Oh, wait...
        
           | px43 wrote:
           | Crypto.com is a heavily regulated entity.
        
       | ParksNet wrote:
       | Encouraging Crypto to fail, and encouraging politicians to ban
       | exchanges, is the quickest way to cut CO2 emissions and reverse
       | chip shortages.
        
         | immigrantheart wrote:
         | A lot of crypto are moving to PoS.
        
         | kova12 wrote:
         | Isn't someone salty he didn't start mining early on
        
           | greiskul wrote:
           | You know, people elsewhere in this thread are asking for
           | compassion.
           | 
           | It's not enough to just show compassion to those that lost.
           | Their money didn't get destroyed, they traded it for
           | something they didn't understand, based on lies of the
           | counterparty that sold them the crypto. If people that lost
           | their money deserve our compassion, which I believe they do,
           | those that took their money deserve our contempt.
           | 
           | But I'm not worried. You sound like someone that hasn't fully
           | cashed out yet. You are still in the ponzi. And you probably
           | won't hear me. So keep your coins, since you are so smart.
           | One day, they will be worth the actual value they bring to
           | the world. Zero.
        
       | ambrozk wrote:
       | I interviewed with Terraform Labs less than a year ago. The guy
       | interviewing me was a pretty standard eng manager who'd left
       | Amazon for the excitment of a crypto startup. I tried to prep for
       | the interview by researching their white papers to figure out how
       | the various balancing and investment mechanisms actually
       | functioned on a technical level. But it was difficult to make
       | sense of their white paper, which was fairly general, and
       | different portions of their documentation seemed to contradict
       | one another. When I asked what I'd been misunderstanding, he told
       | me that I hadn't misunderstood anything: their white paper was
       | not a full spec, and their documentation was out of date. In that
       | case, I asked, how could one actually understand the protocol?
       | "It's probably not possible at this point," he told me, "These
       | things are in motion all the time." I thought his answer was
       | pretty eye-opening.
       | 
       | Their interview question was: design a simple app which allows
       | one to query the effect of crypto price changes on the supply &
       | price of LUNA. I gathered that the upshot was, how big a movement
       | would be required to break the $1 peg? I wonder if their models
       | weren't good, or if their models were good, and they were just
       | accepting a high level of risk?
        
         | medo-bear wrote:
         | i wonder if these kind of things happen within the cardano
         | ecosystem given their focus on peer reviews
        
       | leach wrote:
       | I remember kicking myself for exiting LUNA at 20 dollars early on
       | before it blew up. As I left I kept hearing whispers and sketchy
       | things about it.
       | 
       | In hindsight I'm glad I pulled out when I did.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | You got lucky. Be happy enjoying an upward curve, you don't
         | need to find the trough and peak.
        
           | knodi123 wrote:
           | if humans were any good at taking that _specific_ piece of
           | advice, the world would be a better (and very different)
           | place.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | The very idea of an algorithmic stablecoin is beyond idiotic. A
       | lot of Crypto Andys are former gold bugs who bemoan th eloss of
       | the gold standard (fun fact: the US dollar was never 100% backed
       | by gold). Collaterized currencies are better but gold bugs still
       | miss the point of what makes the US dollar work.
       | 
       | A currency only persists so long as people believe in it. That's
       | it. As soon as that belief goes, it's all over. Even if it's
       | collaterized that's true.
       | 
       | What actually maintains the value of the US dollar is the long
       | dick of the US government through the Fed obviously but also
       | foreign and domestic policy. It's the ability to project military
       | power anywhere on the planet. It's the nuclear arsenal.
       | 
       | So it obviously sucks that people lost sometimes a lot of money
       | on Luna (seriously the subreddit is a dark place now) and I
       | believe at least some of the anecodtes of people losing their
       | houses.. This probably shares a lot of pathology with gambling
       | addiction (fun fact: gambling addiction has the highest rate of
       | suicide of any addiction).
       | 
       | But you also need to recognize that a lot of people who got wiped
       | out by Luna were in it to get rich quick. I mean even the ~20%
       | staking returns on Anchor should be alarming by itself. Who is
       | paying for that 20% return? It's bound to be a Ponzi scheme.
        
         | gfodor wrote:
         | The idea of an algorithmic stablecoin is genius, time will tell
         | if it works. But overall Luna's crash isn't too damning of the
         | idea, because the root cause was a Ponzi scheme. (Which was
         | identified and advertised as dangerous _within_ the crypto
         | community.)
        
         | SkyMarshal wrote:
         | _> What actually maintains the value of the US dollar is the
         | long dick of the US government through the Fed obviously but
         | also the US government itself. It 's the ability to project
         | military power anywhere on the planet. It's the nuclear
         | arsenal._
         | 
         | It seems fashionable among libertarians to attribute the US
         | dollar's value to the US military, but that is at best a
         | tangential reason, not the root reason.
         | 
         | The root reason for the US dollar's value is that the robust
         | and innovative US economy ensures enough consistent
         | productivity, wealth creation, and economic growth for the tax
         | base to service the interest on US Treasuries, which back the
         | USD since Nixon took it off the gold standard in the 70s.
         | 
         | That's it - the world trusts that it can hold US Treasuries,
         | benefit from the interest they pay, and that US won't default
         | on them - the risk-free rate of return, almost as risk-free as
         | gold but with a more consistent and predictable return (as long
         | as the USD doesn't undergo hyperinflation).
         | 
         | A strong military is a side effect of a strong economy, not a
         | cause of it. China is probably the best recent demonstration of
         | that.
         | 
         | You may argue the US economy depends on foreign oil and hence a
         | military capable of guaranteeing that supply, but that's not
         | entirely true either. In recent years the US vacilates between
         | net importer and exporter of oil [1], and could be a solid net
         | importer with enough political will and impetus.
         | 
         | [1]:https://ycharts.com/indicators/us_oil_net_imports
        
         | thrwyoilarticle wrote:
         | Another fun fact: Bitcoin is fiat. You can't redeem it for
         | anything.
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | Bitcoin isn't a fiat currency by definition. it's not issues
           | by a government and is not legal tender. It's not even a
           | currency. It's an asset.
        
             | thrwyoilarticle wrote:
             | It's literally called bit-coin.
        
               | jmyeet wrote:
               | And North Korea's official name is the _Democratic_
               | People 's Republic of Korea ("DPRK").
               | 
               | What's your point?
        
               | thrwyoilarticle wrote:
               | The analogy fails because calling it Bitcoin implies a
               | desire for it to be viewed as a currency, not an asset,
               | in the same way DRPK implies a desire to be viewed as D,
               | P and R.
        
         | MuffinFlavored wrote:
         | > (fun fact: the US dollar was never 100% backed by gold)
         | 
         | Go on please.
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | From [1]:
           | 
           | > So we see that there never was a 100% reserve era in
           | British or U.S. history. The 100% reserve gold standard that
           | people sometimes talk about today is a fantasy.
           | 
           | The gold standard was never about keeping 100% reserves. It
           | was about maintaing a peg and that technically doesn't even
           | require you to have any gold.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.forbes.com/2011/05/03/the-gold-reserve-
           | myth.html...
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | We were bimetallic and then fiat [1].
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_State
           | s_d...
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | > What actually maintains the value of the US dollar is the
         | long dick of the US government through the Fed obviously but
         | also the US government itself. It's the ability to project
         | military power anywhere on the planet. It's the nuclear
         | arsenal.
         | 
         | I started reading yesterday on DAI, an algorithmic stablecoin
         | running since 2017. The thing is: a sizeable percentage of DAI
         | is made of... USDC (a non algorithmic stablecoin created by
         | Coinbase/Circle/Centre). They overcollateralize it and so far
         | so good (since five years). They're even saying they're so
         | overcollateralized they should widthstand USDC going to zero
         | (or their USDC wallet being frozen by Coinbase, as Coinbase can
         | do if asked to by the US authorities).
        
           | mingw__ wrote:
           | algostable != overcollateralized stable. Being an
           | overcollateralized stable means it's actually backed by
           | something, even if it's USDC. An algostable is backed by the
           | sister token (eg: LUNA), and relies on faith and confidence
           | in the sister token.
        
             | TacticalCoder wrote:
             | Wait, I'm confused by the terminology now: is DAI an
             | "algorithmic overcollateralized stable coin", or is DAI not
             | algorithmic at all?
        
         | t_mann wrote:
         | _Even if it 's collaterized that's true._
         | 
         | Even for overcollateralized ones like Dai? There's an arbitrage
         | mechanism that forces the overall backing to be greater than
         | 150%. Now it may perhaps be somehow conceivable that the value
         | of the backing drops by more than a third within a single
         | block, but that still makes it an order of magnitude more
         | stable than banks, which usually operate with ~5% equity (and
         | that's post 2008 regulations, and based on rather optimistic
         | book values; the market capitalisation is often significantly
         | less).
        
       | Vladimof wrote:
       | "The cryptocurrency market isn't pretty right now. Look anywhere
       | and you'll see red"...
       | 
       | I saw green today just like on the stock market... and red
       | yesterday just like on the stock market
        
       | sub7 wrote:
       | The idiots who yelled "have fun staying poor!" are now yelling
       | "we're people too please have empathy!"
       | 
       | Can't make this shit up
        
       | the_jeremy wrote:
       | > This matters for three reasons. ... First, over $15 billion in
       | crypto value has been wiped out through luna and UST alone. ...
       | Second, it raises questions about other stablecoins. ... Lastly
       | and possibly most signifcantly[sic], the collapse of UST has
       | caught the attention of powerful politicians and regulators.
       | 
       | To oversimplify, it only matters if you care about crypto. And if
       | you do, you already cared about this.
        
         | kayamon wrote:
         | Whenever people lose of money, that money has to be paid back
         | to wherever they borrowed it from.
         | 
         | Expect to see some more bank bailouts down the line to cover
         | the cost of all this.
        
           | gerikson wrote:
           | There are very few banks lending money to crypto speculators.
           | 
           | People may have mortgaged their houses etc., but in those
           | cases the bank gets the house.
        
           | rglullis wrote:
           | The thing is that this "money" never existed in the first
           | place. It was created out of thin air, and it vanished just
           | the same.
        
           | baersandbowlszs wrote:
        
         | seanhunter wrote:
         | There will absolutely be contagion into the rest of the
         | economy. A lot of funds are long crypto, they will have
         | received margin calls so will have to liquidate other assets
         | driving those prices down etc. It's still to be seen how much
         | contagion there will be, but there will be some.
        
           | redisman wrote:
           | Tesla and micro strategy for example holds billions in
           | crypto. If that gets more common then that would cause major
           | contagion
        
       | woeirua wrote:
       | Luna is a sideshow. Sad for the people who got caught up in it
       | and lost their savings, but Tether is the real game. When Tether
       | blows up the entire crypto system is going to blow up. And this
       | is why Luna was important, because it caused a loss of confidence
       | in stablecoins across the board. For a while this week, it looked
       | like Tether might actually lose its peg and start a death spiral.
        
         | px43 wrote:
         | DISCLAIMER: Never hold Tether, for obvious reasons
         | 
         | That said, Tether can't pop the way LUNA/UST did. UST was
         | basically propped up by the value of LUNA such that when the
         | UST peg is lost, more LUNA gets printed to buy back the
         | difference. This causes the LUNA price to crash when the peg is
         | lost, so people who know better try to sell before the
         | rebalancing, crashing the price further, meaning more LUNA
         | needs to get minted for every UST burned, causing rapid
         | deflation. This is all done in a smart contract, and can't
         | really be turned off.
         | 
         | Tether is run by humans. Turning USDT back into USD requires
         | actual human interactions. The peg can be lost, and maybe
         | permanently, but it's not going to suddenly go to zero over
         | night.
        
         | RyanShook wrote:
         | Isn't Tether actually backed by dollars though? Edit- here are
         | current reserves: https://tether.to/en/transparency
        
           | 0x53 wrote:
           | People have been concerned about this for quite some time. It
           | seems the answer that question is definitely not. Here is a
           | somewhat dramatic write up:
           | https://www.singlelunch.com/2021/05/19/the-tether-ponzi-
           | sche...
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Isn 't Tether actually backed by dollars though?_
           | 
           | No [1].
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tether_(cryptocurrency)#Que
           | sti...
        
           | smcl wrote:
           | Oh good lord no. It's backed by something they originally
           | said was dollars, they then relented after people poked
           | around a bit and confessed it's just a basket of stuff they
           | consider equivalent to dollars (plus probably some dollars I
           | guess?)
        
             | byecomputer wrote:
             | assets: NFT of tweet, hubcap, the power of love, cracked
             | iPhone 5
        
       | akkartik wrote:
       | I prefer Matt Levine from his newsletter today:
       | 
       |  _" Safe assets are much riskier than risky ones. This is I think
       | the deep lesson of the 2008 financial crisis, and crypto loves
       | re-learning the lessons of traditional finance. Systemic risks
       | live in safe assets. Equity-like assets -- tech stocks, Luna,
       | Bitcoin -- are risky, and everyone knows they're risky, and
       | everyone accepts the risk. If your stocks or Bitcoin go down by
       | 20% you are sad, but you are not that surprised. And so most
       | people arrange their lives in such a way that, if their stocks or
       | Bitcoin go down by 20%, they are not ruined._
       | 
       |  _" On the other hand safe assets -- AAA mortgage securities,
       | bank deposits, stablecoins -- are not supposed to be risky, and
       | people rely on them being worth what they say they're worth, and
       | when people lose even a little bit of confidence in them they
       | crack completely. Bitcoin is valuable at $50,000 and somewhat
       | less valuable at $40,000. A stablecoin is valuable at $1.00 and
       | worthless at $0.98. If it hits $0.98 it might as well go to zero.
       | And now it might!_
       | 
       |  _" I have in the past told the story of TerraUSD and Luna by
       | saying: The weakness in TerraUSD is Luna. One UST can be
       | exchanged for $1 of Luna, but that only works if people continue
       | to have confidence in Luna; if Luna goes to zero then TerraUSD
       | will follow. But you could also tell the story by saying: The
       | weakness in Luna is TerraUSD. Luna, as the cryptocurrency of a
       | blockchain ecosystem, would rise or fall with the value of that
       | ecosystem. But Luna, as the thing supporting a stablecoin, could
       | go to zero in a week if that stablecoin needed support. Terra was
       | so unstable because it was trying to be stable."_
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | Surely no one through stablecoins were low risk?
        
           | iaabtpbtpnn wrote:
           | Stable is right there in the name.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | That's because thet are full of horsepuckey.
        
             | quickthrower2 wrote:
             | By the folks who put "safe" in safemoon.
        
           | rglullis wrote:
           | Including overcollaterized ones? They are not risk-free, but
           | DAI has survived much worse market swings that the one from
           | this week.
        
           | jeromegv wrote:
           | That's what the whole crypto industry has been saying for
           | years. If they didn't think it was stable (or didn't want you
           | to believe it was), it wouldn't be called stable. Millions of
           | people at this point have been led to believe a stable coin
           | is stable.
        
         | dwater wrote:
         | Yeah, as someone who didn't know about Luna or Terra a week ago
         | I think he did a good job of explaining the system, and the way
         | it would fail, pretty well 2 days ago on Wednesday:
         | 
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-05-11/terra-...
         | 
         | You can read down through where he details the Death Spiral. I
         | also haven't paid much attention to other stablecoins, but I
         | imagine the systems are similar, based on faith in the system,
         | and only good as long as there's not a run on the system and
         | more than some percentage try to get their money out.
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | Matt Levine is usually great. But the reason why UST at 0.98
         | makes the whole thing collapse is not because people "rely on
         | them being worth what they're worth". It's because you can sell
         | UST into Luna for arbitrage minting new Luna in the process,
         | thus inflating Luna.
         | 
         | But Matt knows this. He describes the whole mechanics in his
         | newsletter like 3 days ago. So not sure why the stretched
         | analogy here...
        
         | not2b wrote:
         | Those weren't AAA mortgage securities that went bust in 2008,
         | though some were fraudulently marketed as such. They were liar
         | loans on second-rate properties chopped up into a bunch of tiny
         | pieces and re-sold, based on the notion that real estate would
         | only go up forever, so if people failed to pay the lender would
         | foreclose and own real estate with more value than the original
         | loan.
         | 
         | Seems similar to some methods of stabilizing a "stablecoin":
         | back it by a traditional cryptocoin and assume that this other
         | coin can only go up.
         | 
         | People who had only bank deposits didn't lose anything.
        
       | codedokode wrote:
       | General idea of having two balanced cryptocurrencies doesn't look
       | bad by itself. But the promises to pay 20% of interest per year
       | are super suspicious. Where would that money come from? What kind
       | of goods or services do they produce? Do developers of
       | cryptocurrency expect to receive exorbitant fees from users?
       | 
       | If there is no valid business model explaining where that 20%
       | come from then it is just a Ponzi scheme.
        
         | redisman wrote:
         | There are a ton of these schemes that promise 10-20%. At best
         | it's like those 2008 loans that won't be paid back due to the
         | crash, at worst it's a ponzi. Celsius and Gemini and a hundred
         | others. There's a lot more tears left to be spilled
        
       | mrintellectual wrote:
       | The crux of the problem is not Luna itself, but the Anchor
       | Protocol (19.5% yield), which enticed users to burn Luna by
       | investing in UST through a, for lack of a better phrase, Ponzi
       | scheme. I get it - people like decentralization. But without some
       | form of regulation, either by the broader crypto community itself
       | or by governments around the world, situations like the LUNA/UST
       | collapse will keep happening.
       | 
       | There are also rumors of a Terra fork:
       | https://agora.terra.money/t/terra-ecosystem-revival-plan/870....
       | Thanks, but no thanks.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | As I understand it: Anchor is the only reason UST was (briefly)
         | workable to begin with. There wasn't enough liquidity in the
         | UST/Luna system to support a major stablecoin; Anchor was how
         | they dragged that liquidity in: by giving people free money to
         | help prop it up.
         | 
         | Take away Anchor and you're stuck at Step 7 of Matt Levine's
         | Algorithmic Stablecoin Analysis: "if you do a good enough job
         | marketing Luna, its price will not be zero. If the price is not
         | zero, you're in business". As I understand it, the price of
         | this whole ecosystem was driven largely by Anchor.
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/tqbf/status/1524509243587575808/photo/1
        
         | codedokode wrote:
         | But do you need regulation? Promises to produce 20% interest
         | out of thin air when banks don't offer a single percent are
         | suspicious enough in my opinion.
         | 
         | It doesn't make sense. If there was a risk-free way to get 20%
         | income without doing anything then people could stop working
         | and live just from their savings.
        
         | kova12 wrote:
         | Problem with regulation is that the term itself is ambiguous.
         | What does it mean, who will do it, what are their limits and on
         | what authority do they act?
         | 
         | I am not familiar with this specific crypto, but when I am
         | offered to join a business that pays 19% in USD, I immediately
         | know it can not possibly not fail. Regulations or not, you
         | can't offer such dividend without major risk.
         | 
         | Then the subject of jurisdiction comes up. Who issued the
         | tokens? If it is a USA company or person, it is one story, and
         | they are likely already subject to some regulations. If it is
         | an international community like ethereum, its another story.
         | USA can probably ban it's distribution in USA, but not
         | regulate.
         | 
         | Then, why would the regulations have to be mandatory?
         | Organizations can voluntarily approach SEC and ask them to
         | regulate the crypto they are about to issue. Submit to the
         | appropriate rules and be an investor grade business. No new
         | laws are really required for that. This way you could have
         | trusted that if Luna fails, someone would go to jail. It's just
         | wouldn't have been 19% dividend in that case, following rules
         | comes with a price tag.
        
         | hristov wrote:
         | It is a ponzi scheme. There is no production to provide for
         | this 19.5% yield. It is all taken from incoming investments
         | into the system. And it is well known that ponzi schemes
         | collapse when the influx of new money starts becomes
         | insufficient to pay the yield. It is very natural for ponzi
         | schemes to collapse even without any government involvement.
         | 
         | I think the article should have examined that possibility in
         | addition to speculating about an attack.
         | 
         | It is very possible that the $2 billion that was removed on the
         | weekend was simply a holder that having seen worldwide retreat
         | from risky assets had decided to pull his/her money out.
        
         | phphphphp wrote:
         | I disagree. Anchor was a dumb-money trap that increased the
         | fallout of UST's collapse by at least an order of magnitude,
         | sure, but it was not responsible for the collapse: algorithmic
         | stable coins are fundamentally flawed, they're a perpetual
         | motion machine, they're based on the belief that you can
         | artificially create and sustain a market within a set of very
         | narrow parameters. Luna was doomed to fail regardless of Anchor
         | -- and the founders knew that, because they'd failed in the
         | same way before, anchor was their attempt to shore up the ruse
         | (which worked... until it didn't).
        
           | px43 wrote:
           | DAI works fine. Over-collateralization with a looming threat
           | of liquidation has proven to be resilient against all
           | imaginable forms of market turbulence. It still leans heavily
           | on oracles that are basically run by humans, so there _is_
           | risk, but the incentives seem to be about right to keep
           | enough people honest.
           | 
           | UST was an obvious bad idea. This exact scenario was warned
           | about over and over again, and Do Kwon did what he could to
           | try to delay the inevitable, but here we are.
        
           | MuffinFlavored wrote:
           | > Anchor was a dumb-money trap
           | 
           | What % of current crypto climate/culture is "dumb money
           | trap"?
        
             | phphphphp wrote:
             | Most of it, but it's not unique to the cryptocurrency
             | industry, only the degree to which crypto is dumb money --
             | many aspects of traditional finance are going down the same
             | path, where it's no longer professional against
             | professional, but professional shooting a bucket full of
             | laymen.
        
         | brtkdotse wrote:
         | > people like decentralization
         | 
         | I submit that very few people give a shit about
         | decentralization. They want their currency to work and not drop
         | 90% of its value overnight.
        
           | cam0 wrote:
           | Agreed. People like the idea of getting rich. And if they
           | happen to get rich, they like the idea of getting richer.
        
         | zucker42 wrote:
         | Patrick Boyle argues fairly convincingly in my mind that the
         | problem with this was the design of Luna itself[1]. TL;DW
         | TerraUSD maintains its price by minting $1 worth of Luna in
         | exchange for one TerraUSD coin. But this assumes that there are
         | always going to be willing buyers for Luna, even if its price
         | is in free-fall. When the price of Luna drops suddenly, desire
         | to hold Luna decreases, causing TerraUSD to lose its peg,
         | causing confidence in Luna to drop further, leading to the
         | death spiral we currently observe.
         | 
         | [1] https://youtu.be/iisPX_xVMV8
        
           | smrtinsert wrote:
           | Seems like something that should be so easy to catch in a
           | simulation/test
        
             | px43 wrote:
             | A simulation? This flaw should be obvious to anyone who
             | took 10 minutes to read how the system works.
             | 
             | Synthetics backed by a 1:1 mint/burn are always going to
             | crash and burn the same way. It's happened before, and it
             | will probably happen again. High profile people have been
             | shouting from the rooftops about this exact issue since
             | launch.
             | 
             | I have some friends who lost everything in this, and it
             | sucks. I did my best to explain this exact scenario to
             | people who would listen, and ended up getting some pretty
             | high praise this week from people I saved, but you can't
             | save everyone.
             | 
             | We are now in a world where wealth is being rapidly
             | redistributed from people who don't read the instructions,
             | to those of us who do. The metaphorical sea levels on
             | global finance are rising rapidly. Learning to swim now
             | isn't just a recreational activity, it's a survival skill.
        
               | zucker42 wrote:
               | > We are now in a world where wealth is being rapidly
               | redistributed from people who don't read the
               | instructions, to those of us who do.
               | 
               | Are the people who "read the instructions" really the
               | ones who benefited here? The main winners here, as far as
               | I can tell, are the employees and creators of Terraform
               | Labs--who benefited from people investing in a project
               | that was doomed to fail--and the people who got in early
               | and out early--who are probably more lucky than smart.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Seems like something that should be so easy to catch in
             | a simulation /test_
             | 
             | The system has two stable equilibria, one and zero. If one
             | assumes zero is virtually permanently, the system always
             | ends there. But it's highly sensitive to one's volatility
             | assumption. _Ex ante_ there is no way to estimate that.
        
       | huitzitziltzin wrote:
       | Of all of the wildly implausible ideas to come out of the crypto
       | area, algorithmic stable coins are the least plausible.
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | Yet, somehow, DAI (an algorithmic stable coin running on top of
         | Ethereum as I understand it) has apparently managed to keep its
         | peg since 2017. I read on it yesterday and I'm very intrigued.
         | It's a gigantic target for dark hats and yet so far nobody
         | found a way to attack it.
         | 
         | And it's not small: $6bn of DAI worth 1 USD each circulating.
        
           | zucker42 wrote:
           | As I understand, Dai is an overcollaterized stablecoin.
           | People mint Dai by locking up cryptocurrency into its smart
           | contracts worth more than the Dai they get. I believe that
           | collateral can be automatically liquidated in the case of a
           | crash of those assets. This is different from an "algorithmic
           | stablecoin" as the term is commonly used, since by that
           | people usually mean a coin which doesn't utilize collateral.
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | DAI is overcollateralized ($10B of collateral for $6B of
           | DAI). Generally the definition of "algorithmic stablecoins"
           | is that they're undercollateralized.
        
           | boppo1 wrote:
           | How is it a dark hat target?
        
             | ironSkillet wrote:
             | People love trying to take down big fish. Even better if
             | they can make money doing it. Not saying it's vulnerable,
             | just that it's quite a big fish.
        
       | rufius wrote:
       | This article seems to assume it matters. It does not.
        
         | whymauri wrote:
         | Why doesn't it matter..?
        
           | rufius wrote:
           | Because it's a Ponzi scheme. It's interesting from a
           | rubbernecking car crash onlooker perspective but we need not
           | dwell on it.
        
       | freedomben wrote:
       | I think the elephant in the room is the self harm that is
       | happening. It may be very rare, but it _is_ happening, and it
       | happens in stock market crashes too (not just in crypto). Even if
       | you don 't care about crypto, even if you think people who trade
       | in crypto are idiots, please remember there are real humans
       | behind these things.
       | 
       | If you're licking your wounds, remember that things come and go.
       | I know that's a shitty thing to deal with (I've lost my ass is
       | crypto before too so I know first hand), but don't do something
       | to yourself that is permanent and can never come back from. It's
       | absolutely NOT worth it.
       | 
       | If you dodged this one, now is the time to be full of compassion
       | to your fellow humans, not dancing on graves and gloating in "I
       | told you so."
        
         | whatever1 wrote:
         | What I want is these crypto charlatans who were giving
         | malicious financial advice to go to jail.
        
         | scoofy wrote:
         | I've been angry about it since the beginning. _This was
         | predictable_ , and now people are asking for compassion?
         | 
         |  _Compassion was us yelling about this since the beginning._
         | 
         |  _Compassion was the folks who developed Dogecoin as a satire
         | coin to explain the problems involved in the system._
         | 
         | Asking people to 'be full of compassion' is fine, and dancing
         | on graves is terrible, but the time for compassion was the
         | warnings that were years back, in the face of 'have fun being
         | poor' taunts, while never ever folding or letting up. The
         | sentiment here was the same type of _nice but not kind_
         | nonsense that has gripped much of the culture.
         | 
         | I try to think of the people I convinced _not_ to speculate in
         | these markets. The fortunes _not_ lost because people came to
         | me as a life long investor, asking my opinion of cryto markets,
         | and me carefully arguing that they were a commodity, not an
         | investment vehicle, and you don 't generally _invest_ in rocks,
         | because rocks don 't produce anything.
         | 
         | Those of us out there that saved people from losing their life
         | savings will never be acknowledged, because humans do not care
         | to think about the lives that were saved by safety precautions,
         | only the lives that were lost due to negligence.
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/jordonaut/status/1352363163686068226
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | I think its the time for education.
           | 
           | Where are the news articles about the stablecoins functioning
           | perfectly? There are a quite a few stablecoins functioning
           | perfectly.
           | 
           | You pressed play on your "oh a crypto thing" script about
           | _anything crypto related and tradeable_. You're in
           | comfortable and like company, but the issue with it is that
           | it dilutes the conversation way from the one specific
           | organization that launched Terra and Luna. This is the exact
           | forum that should be talking about system designs, instead
           | has all these odd anti-speculation rants. Half of this forum
           | is paid in lottery tickets, its out of character.
        
             | thrwyoilarticle wrote:
             | Luna was functioning perfectly until it wasn't. Tether
             | continues to function, for now.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | If thats the depth of a rebuttal, its reinforcing my
               | point.
               | 
               | The conversation should be "why the seigniorage model is
               | deprecated"
               | 
               | "Smart contract audit post mortem"
               | 
               | Just the exact same standard we put on other software
               | discussions
               | 
               | This is what happens everyday with developers, this is
               | just one of the forums it should be happening on
        
               | heartbreak wrote:
               | I can't help but recognize that this is EXACTLY what
               | 'scoofy is referring to.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | I see that too, I think our takeaways are very different
        
               | ahallock wrote:
               | Netflix was doing great, then other services came along.
               | Local restaurants were doing well, then covid hit. Most
               | things have a life cycle and black swan events happen.
               | Can't be avoided; you can only have a contingency plan.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _its the time for education_
             | 
             | It's time for regulation. Financial institutions that can
             | cause systemic damage are regulated and taxed to pay for
             | (a) that regulation and (b) remediation should (a) fail. We
             | need that for crypto.
             | 
             | > _are a quite a few stablecoins functioning perfectly_
             | 
             | If people believe this, we need special regulation for
             | stablecoins. The one thing more dangerous than a risky
             | asset is a risky asset pretending to be safe. (The
             | regulator and its enforcers can be funded out of a special
             | tax on stablecoin holdings by U.S. persons. Hell, make it
             | revenue positive.)
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | There will always be things people can interact with
               | 
               | instruction goes in, stablecoin comes out
               | 
               | input output
               | 
               | smart contracts are vending machines placed on the side
               | of an ephemeral gas station
               | 
               | what regulation would you like to see and how would it
               | apply or prevent.. anything with that reality?
               | 
               | I think instead of punitive taxes the regulators could
               | try to make an approved framework seem more attractive,
               | which just creates another additional option for the user
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _what regulation would you like to see and how would it
               | apply or prevent.. anything with that reality?_
               | 
               | Publicly disclosed audited financials for stablecoin
               | issuers and a tax on holders of crypto assets that funds
               | enforcement and, possibly, restitution if _e.g._ someone
               | goes homeless. Starting point would be casino regulation.
        
             | scoofy wrote:
             | Read up about wildcat banking system in the late-1800's
             | early-1900's. That's what we need to educate people about.
             | Not all the banks failed. Not all the notes were worthless.
             | Many, many people still lost their life-savings.
             | 
             | This is not new. This is not the first speculative bubble.
             | _This has all happened before._
             | 
             | There is nothing inherently flawed about the _concept_ of a
             | stable coin. _They should still not be considered an
             | investment vehicle_.
        
             | not2b wrote:
             | Stablecoins function perfectly until they don't. The others
             | aren't immune to this kind of failure, though they may be
             | more resistant. Once they become unpegged, you can get a
             | "run on the bank", since there's no insurance to protect
             | investors.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | Then add insurance.
               | 
               | Imagine the people in the 1920s that were like "you know
               | what would be funny... what if we got the government to
               | add confidence to our private business with public money
               | and then we get all the customers and skim a little bit
               | from them at every turn, I know I know its dumb but that
               | _would_ be funny right"
        
               | not2b wrote:
               | For a bad enough crash, only governments can provide the
               | necessary insurance.
        
           | thawaya3113 wrote:
           | This is why crypto needs to collapse sooner rather than
           | later. To minimize the self harm.
        
           | im_down_w_otp wrote:
           | There are a variety of non-tech circles that I incidentally
           | run in. Biking, skiing, gaming, etc. Because I'm the "tech
           | founder" of the group I regularly get questions like,
           | "Soooo... know of any good crypto I should invest in?"
           | 
           | My response eventually consolidated to, "When making an
           | investment, don't buy things you don't understand. Because
           | odds are someone selling it to you as an investment does
           | understand it, and that difference in your respective
           | understandings is _their_ investment. "
        
             | ahallock wrote:
             | This is spot on and how whales take advantage of retail. Or
             | influencers dump on their followers.
        
           | lrvick wrote:
           | Meanwhile I have a house and was able to lift out of poverty
           | by ignoring people like you and saving in BTC instead of USD
           | for the last decade.
           | 
           | YMMV.
        
             | nathanaldensr wrote:
             | Even gamblers occasionally hit the jackpot.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _I have a house and was able to lift out of poverty by
             | ignoring people like you and saving in BTC instead of USD
             | for the last decade. YMMV._
             | 
             | This is fine. But you acknowledge you gambled. If you'd
             | lost, it would have been inappropriate to ask for others'
             | sympathy or, worse, public support.
        
               | gfodor wrote:
               | One Bitcoin is presently worth $30,000.
        
               | vecinu wrote:
               | I'm generally curious about this question because it
               | popped in my mind when I read your comment but what about
               | the situation where someone builds or buys a house in a
               | dense forest in California?
               | 
               | Said house is destroyed in a fire, insurance can't pay
               | everyone out (see Paradise fire) and then those same
               | people end up begging others for support (Including
               | GoFundMe) pages.
               | 
               | Didn't they gamble on having a house in a high risk area
               | and lost? Why do we only bail out certain people and not
               | feel bad about it?
        
               | jeromegv wrote:
               | Just like houses built in known flooding zone.
               | 
               | It's a good point.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | The tricky part is, a lot of flood-prone areas tend to
               | also be very economically active overall. Lots of ports
               | on the coasts or along riverbanks which need people to
               | operate and deal with the economic activity of the area,
               | but rivers do sometimes flood and hurricanes will push
               | water inland.
        
               | cableshaft wrote:
               | Well presumably they have insurance, although I think the
               | days of insurance companies offering insurance to just
               | about anywhere in the western US are numbered, with the
               | rapidly disappearing water and constant threat of
               | wildfires. But people who bought LUNA didn't buy
               | insurance.
               | 
               | But generally I agree with you, there are definitely
               | tragic events that happen to people that get more
               | sympathy than other types of tragic events, even if
               | they're pretty similar ultimately.
               | 
               | But I'm also someone who "gambles" on nothing but "ponzi
               | schemes", (i.e. I buy Bitcoin and Ethereum) according to
               | HN. I don't have insurance though, if some black swan
               | thing happened and I lost it all, then I don't have much
               | recourse.
               | 
               | Crypto is far from the only thing where that's a
               | possibility, though. I'd say three of the startups I
               | worked for have been even more of a gamble than my crypto
               | purchases (all three shut down a little more than a year
               | after I joined and I never made a dime more than my kind
               | of low salary, and they didn't offer a 401k so I missed
               | out on a lot of financial accumulation and security
               | there).
        
               | Mordisquitos wrote:
               | That is in no way "gambling" and is in no way analogous
               | to cryptocurrency investments.
               | 
               | Everybody needs a home, and one way to have a home is to
               | buy one. Investing one's savings in buying a home comes
               | with the expected option that one can live in it
               | indefinitely if one wants to. Fulfilling this expectation
               | does not depend on others becoming homeless, nor on their
               | home becoming worse, nor on others being unable to buy a
               | home in the future.
               | 
               | On the other hand, nobody needs to invest in
               | cryptocurrencies. Investing one's savings in
               | cryptocurrencies is done on the expectation that they
               | will increase in value at least until one can sell them
               | at profit. Being able to do this depends on others losing
               | out by comparison, inasmuch as one expects others to buy
               | the same amount of currency at a greater price.
        
               | vecinu wrote:
               | > Investing one's savings in buying a home comes with the
               | expected option that one can live in it indefinitely if
               | one wants to. Fulfilling this expectation does not depend
               | on others becoming homeless, nor on their home becoming
               | worse, nor on others being unable to buy a home in the
               | future.
               | 
               | I don't think any of this is true. You buying a home
               | deprives someone of said home and drives the expected
               | price up. We have a homeless crisis in California because
               | we are not building enough and everyone is treating
               | housing like an investment ("It can only go up!", "This
               | is an investment!").
               | 
               | Living in it indefinitely is also a pipe dream. You're
               | paying taxes and fees that can increase or change at any
               | moments notice if enough people agree. This requires the
               | same consensus as fundamental algorithmic changes in
               | cryptocurrencies. You can't bank of living somewhere
               | "indefinitely" without agreeing that it's a
               | gamble...nothing is guaranteed.
               | 
               | Regarding the "need" to invest in cryptocurrencies, I can
               | kind of agree. Shelter is a need because it helps us
               | survive more efficiently but one could argue
               | investing/growing wealth should also make life easier to
               | live if it works out.
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | The only way to not gamble wealth is not to have it.
               | Leaving cash in the bank is gambling that government
               | won't inflate it away. Buying equities is gambling that
               | market conditions won't change. Buying bonds is gambling
               | that the returns will outpace inflation and that the bond
               | seller won't default.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _only way to not gamble wealth is not to have it_
               | 
               | This is a false analogy between taking measured risks and
               | gambling. Putting 100% of your assets into anything,
               | particularly a cryptocurrency, is gambling.
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | Putting 100% of your assets into one thing is bad
               | gambling. Putting your assets into diversified, positive-
               | sum assets is good gambling. I can play semantic games
               | too :)
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Putting your assets into diversified, positive-sum
               | assets is good gambling. I can play semantic games too_
               | 
               | Semantics means arguing over definitions, not
               | misunderstanding them. The difference between positive-
               | and zero-sum systems is unambiguous. We can call
               | participating in the latter, whether by trading
               | cryptocurrencies or derivatives or playing slots, with an
               | intent to profit gambling or wijiwogging or
               | blurlippening, it doesn't matter, the expected outcome is
               | the same.
        
               | stuxnet wrote:
               | You could say the exact same thing about the broader
               | stock market volatility (read: downturn) we're
               | experiencing. How one can be considered gambling and the
               | other not?
               | 
               | At least the crypto investors aren't expecting a
               | wholesale bailout at any point, unlike "sophisticated"
               | institutional investors as we saw in 08...
        
               | thrwyoilarticle wrote:
               | >How one can be considered gambling and the other not?
               | 
               | Because stocks have inherent value in the form of
               | dividends or the potential of future dividends (or the
               | current/potential stock buybacks, which are
               | mathematically similar).
               | 
               | I think this misconception must be the root of the whole
               | issue.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | Stocks _appear_ to have inherent value if you don 't look
               | at the entire planetary economy as a system.
               | 
               | In reality dividends don't distinguish between productive
               | innovation and wealth extraction.
               | 
               | Innovative dividends are derived from the use value of
               | new goods and services which increase freedom of action
               | for the majority of the population. Wealth extraction is
               | derived from zero-sum movements of capital, typically
               | benefiting rentiers at the expense of productive
               | employees, _decreasing_ majority freedom of action.
               | 
               | But even the first can create externalities - which are
               | real physical cost which are not accounted for.
               | 
               | A house that burns down because of climate catastrophe is
               | a _real physical loss._ A increase in the value of a
               | house created by aggressive speculation is an _imaginary
               | gain_ that only exists because the people in the game
               | believe in it.
               | 
               | Trad economics exists to hide these differences, and make
               | a hallucinatory financial reality which seems more real
               | than the physical world.
               | 
               | Crypto is an obvious symptom of this hallucinatory
               | mindset. Not only are the tokens imaginary, but the
               | environmental costs are catastrophic.
               | 
               | But the rest of the economy really isn't built on firmer
               | ground.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Stocks appear to have inherent value if you don 't
               | look at the entire planetary economy as a system_
               | 
               | Stocks have value because companies have value. You can
               | buy the whole company and have something with positive
               | value. Buying every outstanding derivative nets out to
               | zero. Buying every cryptocurrency leaves you with
               | something worthless.
        
               | thrwyoilarticle wrote:
               | The fact that there is wealth to extract implies that the
               | ticket that allows you to control the extraction has
               | value. The company has assets and the ticket gives you
               | proportionate ownership of them and proportionate control
               | of where they go.
               | 
               | >A house that burns down because of climate catastrophe
               | is a real physical loss. A increase in the value of a
               | house created by aggressive speculation is an imaginary
               | gain that only exists because the people in the game
               | believe in it.
               | 
               | And a house that is built creates real value by taking
               | land, adding materials and labour, and creating something
               | worth more than the sum of its parts.
               | 
               | I don't need to forgive all of the economic system's sins
               | to explain why stocks have value.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _How one can be considered gambling and the other not?_
               | 
               | Positive- versus zero- or even negative-sum games.
        
               | stuxnet wrote:
               | That doesn't explain anything. The broader stock market
               | valuation bears no resemblance to reality and hasn't for
               | a while.
               | 
               | Crypto does have value. Not all of it, but again we could
               | make the same comparison with ridiculously overinflated
               | stocks like PTON or CVNA.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _doesn't explain anything. The broader stock market
               | valuation bears no resemblance to reality and hasn't for
               | a while._
               | 
               | This is irrelevant to the game dynamic. (Trading stock in
               | the short term _is_ usually gambling, by the way, because
               | trading _per se_ is a zero-sum game.)
               | 
               | > _we could make the same comparison with ridiculously
               | overinflated stocks like PTON or CVNA_
               | 
               | One, I can buy a Peloton. People pay for Pelotons.
               | Positive sum. Two, if you go all in on Peloton stock,
               | yes, you're gambling.
        
               | stuxnet wrote:
               | You're arguing semantics. No one is arguing that dumping
               | all your money into Bitcoin or PTON specifically is a
               | good idea.
               | 
               | > One, I can buy a Peloton. People pay for Pelotons.
               | Positive sum.
               | 
               | Yes and once Peloton runs out of people to sell
               | overpriced bikes and treadmills to, the valuation will
               | (hopefully) return to reality. Uber continues to lose
               | money on every ride.
               | 
               | If you're going down the "people pay for it" route, we
               | could say that people also pay for NFTs of monkey
               | pictures.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _If you're going down the "people pay for it" route, we
               | could say that people also pay for NFTs of monkey
               | pictures_
               | 
               | I think NFTs are silly, but they _are_ positive value
               | systems. Like art.
        
             | danrocks wrote:
             | You just got lucky. It is time everyone in crypto
             | acknowledge that.
        
             | kurthr wrote:
             | Even if you think BTC with limited coinage is valid (vs
             | Dogecoin which is unlimited), how can you believe an algo
             | "stable coin" like UST is after the iron.finance failure?
        
             | scoofy wrote:
             | Good for you. People like you will make money. That's how
             | _all_ speculative bubbles form... nobody would join them if
             | there weren 't _highly visible_ gains in wealth, but they
             | are effectively zero-sum. Unless the product creates value,
             | independent from speculative value, _it 's a bad investment
             | period_.
             | 
             | The entire reason we were banging our drums was _exactly
             | because_ people made money, but the music will stop, and
             | when it does, all that value disappears. There is nothing
             | wrong with crypo _as a commodity_. If you need it to build
             | something with, fine, but _it 's not a wealth creating
             | asset_. It's a commodity, which is effectively _never_ an
             | investment vehicle.
        
               | noahc wrote:
               | Are there other examples of commodities that turned into
               | investments? Tulips? Is that how all many bubbles form?
        
               | bulkprotocol wrote:
               | Unironically as a Nigerian Bitcoin has been a god send. I
               | was and am completely skeptical about crypto given that I
               | believe 99.9% are basically complete scams. However, the
               | idea of a censorship resistant layer of money transfer
               | with no intermediary has worked wonders when our
               | government was restricting access to our own money in our
               | bank accounts. Will Bitcoin be that in the future? Who
               | knows, but the demand is there for sure if you live in a
               | society like this.
        
               | otterley wrote:
               | Can't Nigerians open bank accounts in a foreign country?
               | Why did you need cryptocurrency to achieve your goals?
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | There are lots of books on the history of financial
               | downturns.
               | 
               | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6372440-this-time-is-
               | dif...
        
               | gfodor wrote:
               | The crash was in a non-appreciating asset.
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | "I played Russian roulette and won, you should try it
               | too!" is not a very convincing argument.
               | 
               | Nonetheless, the winners think they're winners because
               | they made the right choices and will try to convince
               | others to follow suit.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | It's not Russian roulette. It's "let's all shoot each
               | other and whoever wins gets all the stuff".
        
               | kareemsabri wrote:
               | Don't people trade in commodities though? Corn and soy
               | and other things fluctuate in price because of their
               | utility and changes in supply and demand, no?
        
               | cam0 wrote:
               | Trading != Investing
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | The commodities trade is driven by _people needing those
               | commodities_. Right? Like, Kellog and Absolut _need_
               | wheat. They _need_ them because their business relies on
               | them. They are willing to pay a premium, to make sure
               | their supply will be there when it 's time to make cereal
               | or vodka.
               | 
               | (interesting aside, the best heuristic i ever learned on
               | how to get good vodka, look up the manufactures
               | headquarters/operations location on google maps, and if
               | you don't see grain silos, don't buy the vodka)
               | 
               | Who _needs_ bitcoin? Honestly not many people right now.
               | The speculative boom is that, in the future, it becomes
               | internet-cash. Then people will need it, they 'll want it
               | a lot to buy things in the internet, _and that 's fine_.
               | If they do, then the value will go up.
               | 
               | However, _aside from the fact that bitcoin is absolutely
               | not able to handle cash-like transactions at all_ , there
               | is still no reason for _normal people_ to speculate on it
               | now. If it becomes the _de facto_ internet cash of the
               | future, then, cool, you just exchange for it in the
               | future.
               | 
               | The idea that anyone could ever anticipate the future
               | demand of a trivially replaceable ledger of exchange
               | is... honestly insane. I'm not saying it's not worth
               | speculating on, but please, god, don't put any serious
               | portion of your investment portfolio in those types of
               | arbitrary bets!
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | "Who needs bitcoin? Honestly not many people right now."
               | 
               | Worldwide, lots of people.
               | 
               | There's folks in Venezuela and Zimbabwe who need Bitcoin
               | because their national currencies are hyperinflating.
               | 
               | There's folks in El Salvador who need Bitcoin because it
               | _is_ their national currency.
               | 
               | There's folks fleeing Ukraine who need Bitcoin because
               | their nation is at risk of being swallowed by a large
               | empire.
               | 
               | There's folks in Russia who need Bitcoin because their
               | nation is doing the swallowing and getting cut off from
               | the world financial system as a result.
               | 
               | There's folks in China (and other countries) who need
               | Bitcoin because their nation can't be trusted not to
               | interfere with private property and it's good to have a
               | little insurance policy on a thumb drive, piece of paper,
               | or memorized.
               | 
               | I think that cryptocurrency is one of those areas where
               | people in the developed world look at their own life
               | experience and think "Who could ever need that?", not
               | realizing that they represent a _tiny_ fraction of
               | humanity and that the experience of most of the rest of
               | the world is dramatically different. I work on a product
               | (Android) with about 3B users. I work on a tiny segment
               | of it (tablets  & TVs), with about 12% market share
               | combined, and we're always struggling to get the larger
               | org to invest in developing us. But when you run the
               | numbers, you realize that the 12% of Android users with a
               | tablet or TV is about 340M, _more than the entire
               | population of the United States_. Similarly, the number
               | of mobile phone users with accessibility needs (largely
               | vision difficulties) is _also_ larger than the population
               | of the United States, yet it 's awfully hard to get
               | people to consider screen readers and assistive
               | technologies when developing.
               | 
               | Americans in general are wildly unaware of what a tiny
               | percentage of humanity they are (for reference: about
               | 4%), and this comes up over and over again in HN threads.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | greiskul wrote:
             | Did new wealth get created? Cryptocoins are a negative sum
             | game (trading is zero sum, but since mining wastes
             | resources, total has to be negative). For you to have
             | gained this wealth, a group of people have to have lost
             | this wealth, they might not have realized it yet.
             | 
             | A ponzi scheme doesn't stop being a ponzi scheme because
             | your personally profited from it. It doesn't stop being a
             | ponzi scheme because it uses complex technology that 99% of
             | people don't understand.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | Your money came from the people who ruined their lives
             | gambling.
        
               | jaakl wrote:
               | Bad carma for 7 generations
        
             | spoonjim wrote:
             | Yes, but your story only exists because you found a bag
             | holder who may or may not jump off a bridge when the
             | chickens come home to roost.
        
             | diegocg wrote:
             | And someone lost their life savings so that you could have
             | that.
        
             | dabeeeenster wrote:
             | Dude, where did you think that money came from?
        
             | oarsinsync wrote:
             | Let's see if the next decade delivers returns like the last
             | decade. There's no guarantees of that, unless you believe
             | past performance is an indicator of future success.
             | 
             | I won't be getting a house unless it does, so here's
             | hoping.
             | 
             | I also won't be in trouble if it doesn't, so here's also to
             | a sensible investment strategy.
        
           | kurthr wrote:
           | Yeah, when even cryptocoin bulls consider these ponzis... you
           | have to wonder if there is any rational reason for holding
           | them is a greater fool and a belief that you can get out
           | faster than others. I do wonder how you calculate the psychic
           | cost of constantly monitoring your "stable coin", or maybe
           | the answer is just the 20% annual returns on Anchor?
           | 
           | Almost the exact thing happened with ironfinance a year ago!
           | https://ciphertrace.com/analysis-of-the-titan-token-
           | collapse...
        
           | WaxProlix wrote:
           | Did you mis-paste? I don't know what that east coast west
           | coast tweet have to do with anything? Seems like a non
           | sequiter, unless I'm missing something?
        
             | oarsinsync wrote:
             | Read through whole thread. It's about the difference
             | between being kind, and being nice, and how the two aren't
             | necessarily connected.
        
               | WaxProlix wrote:
               | I've read it, the thread makes its way through the
               | internet every week or so. In this case, it seems to just
               | muddy the waters, but obviously others disagree.
        
             | scoofy wrote:
             | It's effectively a non sequitur, yes. The point is that
             | "feeling bad" for people who lost everything _does not help
             | them._
             | 
             | It is not, in fact, compassionate, at all. Compassion is
             | donating to funds that help these people. Compassion is not
             | participating in tax-avoidance, and participating in gov't,
             | so we can have a society where people can actually lose
             | everything and move on with their lives in a reasonable
             | way.
             | 
             | "Feeling bad" isn't helping anyone and is actually just a
             | way of making yourself feel faux-noble.
        
               | WaxProlix wrote:
               | I agree with your stance, but think the metaphor itself
               | is very strained. FWIW I also think the call to action
               | here was "don't be a dick" more than it was "feel bad".
               | 
               | Of course being a dick while advocating for better
               | protections from this kind of scheme is better than
               | feeling bad and doing nothing.
        
           | crowbahr wrote:
           | Just pointing out 1 dogecoin is still worth 1 dogecoin.
           | 
           | Wow!
           | 
           | (Also 100% agree on the compassion thing: schadenfreude for
           | ostriches who thought sticking their head in the sand would
           | make the objections false is only natural.)
        
             | scoofy wrote:
             | I know you're being flip, but this is _exactly_ my point.
             | If you needed doge to go out and buy an NFT (if that 's
             | your cup of tea) _you can still go convert your money into
             | doge to buy an NFT!_
             | 
             | The _usefulness_ of the commodity doesn 't change, just
             | like apples or steel, it's something you can go out and buy
             | with your savings. _Just don 't buy apples because you
             | think the value of apples is going to skyrocket forever!_
             | At best, apples will go up for a temporary period and then
             | find equilibrium.
        
               | AmericanChopper wrote:
               | > Just don't buy apples because you think the value of
               | apples is going to skyrocket forever
               | 
               | This is terrible advice. People speculatively trade
               | commodities all the time, including agriculture
               | commodities. They are just as valid of an investment as
               | equities are.
               | 
               | Your advice that commodities are "not an investment
               | vehicle" is simply wrong, and can be proved wrong with
               | very minimal effort. I wonder how everybody you convinced
               | using this rationale is going to feel when they discover
               | it is nonsense...
        
               | encoderer wrote:
               | Trading != speculation != investing
        
               | Tao332 wrote:
               | Is that you Do Kwon? Is this me?
        
               | ambrozk wrote:
               | What you're saying makes zero sense. What is this
               | commodity that you think will skyrocket forever, that
               | people should perpetually hold as an investment vehicle?
        
               | AmericanChopper wrote:
               | "Skyrocket forever" is clearly a hyperbole. But
               | commodities can and frequently do go on sustained
               | rallies.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | Commodities can be part of a general portfolio. They can
               | be a reasonable hedge on inflation and, if you are well
               | aware of their markets, reasonable to speculate on. I
               | would surely explain this to anyone i talked to.
               | 
               | That said. "Buy bitcoin/eth/avalanche/shitcoin" is not a
               | nuanced understanding of commodities, and the people i
               | was talking to were not asking if "a responsible
               | percentage of their portfolio should be dedicated to
               | commodities."
               | 
               | These are multiple people in my life, people with no
               | equity positions asking if they should put some of their
               | precious savings into bitcoin or etherium, period, and
               | asking which one. After that we had long talks about
               | investment philosophy.
        
               | AmericanChopper wrote:
               | I think you need to get better at explaining your
               | philosophy then, because the entire basis of your parent
               | comment is that commodities are "not an investment
               | vehicle". Advice that we now seem to agree is not
               | correct.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | I am extremely precise when i explain it. If you're going
               | to espouse a position that commodities are something that
               | laypersons should be fine investing in, then i'm going to
               | say we have very different points of view.
        
               | AmericanChopper wrote:
               | "You are not knowledgeable enough to invest in
               | commodities" is probably good advice for most people. It
               | is also honest and clearly demonstrates the way in which
               | you're being (perhaps rightly) judgemental.
               | 
               | "Commodities are not an investment vehicle" is incorrect,
               | and the way you are presenting this argument it is
               | intentionally deceptive.
               | 
               | The first quote seems to be the advice you mean to give
               | most people. The second one seems to be the advice you
               | are actually giving, with the implication that you think
               | it will be more effective when it's presented
               | deceptively?
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | > People speculatively trade commodities all the time,
               | including agriculture commodities.
               | 
               | Nobody HODL's avocados, there isn't an expectation for
               | bananas to go to the moon eventually.
        
         | gitfan86 wrote:
         | I don't think this is the end of crypto. I expect it to become
         | a permanent competitor to casinos and the lottery. So I hope
         | that people who have been wiped out understand that they can
         | jump in again someday and hopefully pick the next winner.
        
         | drexlspivey wrote:
         | the r/terraluna sub is pretty wild right now
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | I think one can have compassion but there is also no need to
         | infantilize people. It's not idiocy that drives people to this,
         | it's _greed_. It 's the idea of obtaining wealth without work,
         | of speculation, and the thrill of what is plainly gambling.
         | That is a vice in many traditions for a reason, and we would do
         | well rather than just being compassionate to create a culture
         | that doesn't tolerate it.
        
           | slg wrote:
           | >It's not idiocy that drives people to this, it's greed. It's
           | the idea of obtaining wealth without work, of speculation,
           | and the thrill of what is plainly gambling.
           | 
           | Is it greedy to have a 401k? People and companies have been
           | pushing crypto as a reasonable investment for years. For
           | example, it felt like crypto took the place of beer as the
           | primary advertiser during this year's Super Bowl. It isn't
           | all crypto assholes sitting at the top of Ponzi schemes who
           | have been and will be hurt. Plenty of normal people only put
           | their money in because they saw Matt Damon and Larry David
           | talk about it on TV like any other traditional investment
           | vehicle.
        
           | femto113 wrote:
           | Protecting people from foreseeable disaster is not the same
           | as infantilizing them, and greed doesn't explain why we need
           | laws requiring seat belts and prohibiting unsubstantiated
           | claims on herbal "remedies" and warnings that hot coffee is
           | hot. A big part of the value of society is the accumulated
           | experience of "seemed like a good idea at the time but
           | wasn't", but only if we make sure that experience is shared
           | with the next generation of tulip bulb speculators or beanie
           | baby collectors before things get out of hand again.
        
         | sremani wrote:
         | I will gloat and dance on graves of assholes who mocked me
         | "ngmi". I would be graceful and compassionate to those crypto
         | supporters who did not call others names. At the end of the
         | day, the people you meet on your way up are the same people you
         | meet on your way down. If you were asshole on way up, you made
         | your bed.
        
           | chillacy wrote:
           | Case in point, some old tweets from Luna founder Do Kwon:
           | 
           | https://www.yahoo.com/news/terrausd-founder-kwon-mocked-
           | econ...
        
             | anm89 wrote:
             | Yeah, that guy definitely got what he deserved here. What a
             | scumbag.
             | 
             | He would respond to people pointing out these problems in
             | the past by saying he doesn't talk to poor people.
             | 
             | Hope he's bankrupt although I doubt it.
        
         | AmericanChopper wrote:
         | > I think the elephant in the room is the self harm that is
         | happening
         | 
         | What is this even supposed to mean? Any large enough
         | institution that involves risk is going to involve suicide,
         | because some people when harmed will choose suicide. Some
         | sports fans are harmed when their team loses, some are harmed
         | so greatly that they commit suicide. Is fan suicide the
         | elephant in the room for professional sports? Some people are
         | harmed when a relationship breaks up, _many_ of them are harmed
         | so much that they commit suicide. Is suicide the elephant in
         | the room of interpersonal relationships? Is there some
         | fundamental problem with romance or sports that must be
         | addressed to prevent further suicides?
        
         | nullc wrote:
         | Many people find it harder to be compassionate when they gave
         | out reasoned warnings in advance only to find themselves
         | targeted with vicious attacks.
         | 
         | This doesn't take away from anything you said, -- but it might
         | help understand why people who seem to be gloating aren't
         | necessarily doing it because they enjoy anyone's suffering.
        
         | aaomidi wrote:
         | Honestly? Self harm is happening because we refuse to give
         | everyone shelter and food.
         | 
         | I really don't care what some rich asshole is going through.
         | Well. Previously rich asshole.
        
       | stickfigure wrote:
       | Are there other algorithmic stablecoins? Who is next?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | IdEntities wrote:
         | The one I've seen mentioned most often is DAI.
        
           | mingw__ wrote:
           | DAI isn't an algostable. It's overcollateralized, so to mint
           | $1.00 of DAI, you generally need $1.50 of crypto or
           | centralized stablecoin.
        
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