[HN Gopher] Chainless electric drive system "Free Drive" for bic...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Chainless electric drive system "Free Drive" for bicycles (2021)
        
       Author : Tomte
       Score  : 89 points
       Date   : 2022-05-13 12:33 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.schaeffler.de)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.schaeffler.de)
        
       | msandford wrote:
       | I'd be more interested as an alternative to chain or belt drives
       | but I'm not sure how you incorporate gearing without power
       | electronics. Chains can be up to 98% efficient and I'd prefer not
       | to throw away 10% just to eliminate gears.
        
         | sorenjan wrote:
         | It's worth noting the "up to" part. Well maintained and cleaned
         | chains are effective, but I would guess that a lot of commuter
         | bikes have dirty, rusty, and worn chains that lose with a lot
         | of efficiency. Couple that with poorly maintained and adjusted
         | gears and alternatives might not be far off in efficiency if
         | they're a closed system with less maintenance requirements.
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | I don't have a link handy but the difference between a
           | perfectly maintained chain and a dry, poor condition chain is
           | not as significant as people think.
           | 
           | Also, many, many transportation bicycles have chain cases,
           | which is much simpler than a motor-generator system.
        
             | SigmundA wrote:
             | Let's not forget about belt drives as well which are
             | becoming more popular due to no need for maintenance while
             | still having great efficiency.
        
           | alex_duf wrote:
           | You also have to take into account the extra weight of having
           | a dynamo + a motor, I doubt it's more advantageous than a
           | chain on a classic bicycle.
           | 
           | For an electric bicycle though, I see it as a really good
           | contender
        
             | sorenjan wrote:
             | Yes, this particular system is probably far from efficient
             | enough for regular bikes, this is more for larger
             | transportation bikes and similar (like this example [0]).
             | Having a chain on those limits their construction options,
             | and they're already electric anyway.
             | 
             | I was referring to different types of gears and power
             | transfer like driveshafts or hydraulics [1], if you can
             | make it perform at a consistent 90% efficiency it might
             | beat chain drive in practice even though it shouldn't in
             | theory.
             | 
             | [0] https://youtu.be/N02KMeOkevI?t=81
             | 
             | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTB7XOQA-XQ
        
             | test6554 wrote:
             | I'm not sure how this system works, but it seems like
             | adding in battery power might be useful.
        
               | alex_duf wrote:
               | I'm assuming it was suggested to replace a chain by what
               | is essentially a dynamo + motor.
               | 
               | You pedal to generate energy, and move that energy to the
               | wheel through wire and another motor. (I'm not saying
               | this is a good idea, just describing what I understood).
               | 
               | I'm curious what sort of efficiency you can expect on a
               | ridiculous system like that.
        
         | svnpenn wrote:
         | With these, you could store energy by pedaling, even when going
         | downhill. If you pedal downhill with a chain, that's just
         | wasted energy.
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | Unless you downshift and peddle hard to gain a lot of speed
           | :-)
        
             | a4isms wrote:
             | You're joking, but to answer the question seriously, the
             | problem with slamming it into your biggest gear and
             | pedalling downhill is that wind resistance increases with
             | the square of your velocity.
             | 
             | When going downhill, you are going faster thanks to
             | gravity. A small increase in speed requires a
             | disproportionally large increase in effort. Hand-waving
             | over the inefficiencies involved in an electric power
             | train, you are far better off pedalling and storing the
             | energy on the downhill, then "spending" that stored energy
             | on the flats or even saving it for the next uphill.
             | 
             | With respect to going downhill faster with this system, I
             | doubt it can do anything useful in a straight line descent,
             | but in a long, switchback descent of the type seen in the
             | big Grand Tour races on mountain stages, cyclists need to
             | brake into the switchbacks and accelerate out of them.
             | 
             | Regenerative braking followed by assisted pedalling out of
             | the corners would be a huge win.
        
               | samstave wrote:
               | > _"...The problem with slamming it into your biggest
               | gear and pedalling downhill is that wind resistance
               | increases with the square of your velocity._ "
               | 
               | -- Are you much of a biker? (I put on around ~1,000 miles
               | a month on a 29" mtn bike.
               | 
               | Knobby tires and all.
               | 
               | At no point ever have I worried about wind resistance -
               | and im not a "shave my legs tour de france" (my brother
               | is, but hes an ultra athelete-type-A Doctor) type that
               | worries about my grams per component, corporate spandex
               | or $12,000 week-end ride.
               | 
               | So, while you may be "technically correct" you're
               | commenting as "functionally illiterate"
        
               | a4isms wrote:
               | I really don't want this to devolve into chest-pounding,
               | but I have worked in the bike industry, and have raced
               | on-and-off as an amateur in road, cyclocross, MTB, and
               | duathlon dating back to the late 80s. I remember when the
               | Ritchey P23 was the state-of-the-art in lightweight
               | mountain biking, something I chuckled at when riding a 17
               | pound carbon Ibis a couple of decades later.
               | 
               | Wind resistance absolutely matters in every discipline of
               | cycling, and you don't need to have been fooling around
               | with bikes for forty years to know that. If it didn't
               | matter, what are all those triathletes and time trialists
               | doing with aero bars, flat backs, and disc wheels?
               | 
               | It matters in MTB as well. The optimal position for
               | efficiently generating power on a bicycle is actually
               | quite upright, you can see this if you look at pictures
               | of people riding "roller races," they usually flipped
               | their handlebars up so they could be much more upright
               | than when riding on a track.
               | 
               | XC MTBs have much lower bars than would be most efficient
               | on rollers without wind resistance, and that's because
               | the lower position generates less drag, knobby tires and
               | all.
               | 
               | Even if you aren't riding a time trial or racing XC on an
               | MTB, knowing where to expend your energy and where to
               | save it matters greatly. If your daily commute involves
               | hills, you will work less and arrive sooner if you don't
               | try to crank your max while descending, and save your
               | efforts for climbing.
               | 
               | That's just math and physics.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | Also, please, I'm not upset at any random internet person
               | using insulting language, but it is not constructive for
               | our community to go around suggesting other users are
               | "functionally illiterate."
        
               | Steltek wrote:
               | Mountain bike descents and road bike descents are
               | dramatically different things.
        
               | samstave wrote:
               | Find me a road bike with an electric motor.
        
               | a4isms wrote:
               | They exist, and that's why UCI scan bikes at the race
               | start line for electric motors, it's a serious enough
               | problem that it has a name, "Motor doping." Famously,
               | Femke van den Driessche received a six-year ban after
               | being caught motor-doping in cyclocross.
               | 
               | https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/36142963
               | 
               | If you don't want to cheat with a motor, bicycle stores
               | sell all kinds of road bikes with pedal assist for non-
               | competitive riding. Trek, for example, make several
               | e-assist versions of their Domane road bikes:
               | 
               | https://www.trekbikes.com/us/en_US/ebike_collection/
        
               | a4isms wrote:
               | > Regenerative braking followed by assisted pedalling out
               | of the corners would be a huge win.
               | 
               | ...Until the next ascent, where you have to haul the
               | weight of the battery and what amounts to two electric
               | motors uphill...
               | 
               | Although it seems sacrilegious to imagine energy-recovery
               | units in UCI bicycle racing, innovation is strongly
               | influenced by the big manufacturers who are trying to
               | sell bikes.
               | 
               | It's unlikely there will be a UCI-sanctioned ERU any time
               | soon, but if there was, the key to adoption would
               | probably be the UCI minimum weight regulations. We are
               | now at the point where high-end bikes often need weights
               | added to meet the minimum, and if the rest of the bike
               | ever gets light enough, it could be possible to add an
               | ERU without compromising the total weight for climbing.
               | 
               | But that would require breakthroughs in the culture of
               | bicycle racing and multiple technologies.
        
         | markvdb wrote:
         | This system enables regenerative braking on bicycles. That
         | means you also gain a lot...
         | 
         | What I would love to see though would be this, applied to a
         | recumbent or a velomobile. Those often have atypically long
         | chains.
        
           | mikepurvis wrote:
           | Would be a game-changer for urban riding, being able to
           | quickly reclaim energy after a stop.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | There already were regenerative electric bikes. The first-
           | generation Specialized Turbo had regeneration linked to the
           | brake levers, and nobody cared. Not worth the complexity.
           | 
           | Later Specialized bikes have a regen mode you can engage
           | manually but it's still basically never worth it.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | Why isn't it worth it? It seems like free energy. Or is the
             | weight a problem?
        
           | dreamcompiler wrote:
           | Regenerative braking makes a lot of sense on cars because
           | cars are not very weight-sensitive and more weight works in
           | your favor for regen braking.
           | 
           | Regen braking makes much less sense on bikes because bikes
           | are weight-sensitive.
           | 
           | https://gocarlite.com/electric-bicycle-regenerative-braking/
        
             | dahfizz wrote:
             | That blog post is pretty misguided, IMO. I'll assume the
             | math is right, and the potential gain from regen braking is
             | small. But it's _free_!
             | 
             | > The way regenerative braking is implemented is to have
             | the motor continuously engaged.
             | 
             | This is wrong. Regen braking only requires the motor be
             | engaged _when braking_. There's no reason you can't coast
             | when you want to coast.
        
               | Tostino wrote:
               | You are absolutely right about it being small, but free.
               | 
               | Do keep in mind, a direct drive is always "engaged" to
               | some extent by the cogging force. An advanced controller
               | can make a direct drives "freewheel", but it actually
               | takes power to do that. Totally worth budgeting for a
               | slightly larger battery to allow a simpler overall
               | design.
               | 
               | Now if you say, had a mid-drive bike, or an internally
               | geared hub, there are some complicated mechanical systems
               | you can put in place to lock the freewheeling mechanisms
               | in the gearing when you want to apply the brakes, but I
               | haven't seen anyone design that yet.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Does cogging actually absorb energy though? (When
               | averaged out)
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | It's certainly opinionated, I don't view 50-100 stops in
               | ~30 miles as at all unreasonable.
               | 
               | Something which is rarely done but easily could be for a
               | bike is regenerating first into a couple supercapacitors,
               | which are 99% efficient and fill and discharge as fast as
               | you can push current. They don't have the capacity to be
               | as useful in cars, for a bike they can also provide a
               | nice kick to overcome starting torque. The downside is
               | it's another two drink can's worth of volume to add
               | somewhere on the bike.
        
               | KennyBlanken wrote:
               | Regeneration on a bicycle is only possible on hub motors,
               | which usually have a planetary gearset to have acceptable
               | low-end torque, and that gearset has significant drag.
               | 
               | Mid-drive bicycles are able to leverage the freewheel,
               | and thus have very high coasting efficiency.
               | 
               | You don't really seem to know much about this. It's odd
               | that you seem to have formed strong opinions on said
               | subject.
               | 
               | There is fierce competition in the industry for
               | efficiency/range/price...not really sure why you think
               | you can just casually stroll in and go "well DUH, folks,
               | just do..."
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | I doubt it. Due to weight balance, most of the braking force
           | is on the front wheel. This system only drives the rear
           | wheel. Any regeneration gains would be minimal.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | That only comes into play under hard braking. In most cases
             | (gentle deceleration) there isn't much weight transfer: the
             | rear wheel is fine for light deceleration.
        
             | wiredfool wrote:
             | It would be awesome for replacing the drag brake on a
             | tandem for controlling speed on long descents.
             | 
             | This is a niche in a niche though.
        
               | a4isms wrote:
               | I had a drum brake on my tandem for this very purpose. It
               | wasn't even hooked up to a brake lever, it was wired to
               | an old three-speed shift lever so you could set the
               | amount of drag between none, some, and more.
        
             | Tostino wrote:
             | Not at all true, I built a dual suspension bike with a
             | direct drive hub in the rear. I have it setup to regen, and
             | I can use that to stop without touching my mechanical
             | brakes for 95% of my riding. You generally only recover
             | 5-10% over the course of a ride, but I am in FL with no
             | hills, your results may vary!
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | The controller on my e-bike indicates ~120 watts of regen
             | from the rear-wheel. I'm pretty sure that's limited to
             | increase life of the battery; there's plenty more available
             | under heavy breaking.
        
       | botswana99 wrote:
       | Northern climate bike commuter here. I am getting tired of
       | commuting in the snow and rain. I want a 'winter bike' that is
       | fully enclosed, allows me to use my bike lane to work, and get my
       | exercise without being covered in sleet, rain, or snow when I get
       | home.
       | 
       | When I was younger, the machismo of winter/rain commuting was a
       | fun brag at parties. Now, when I look out the window after a long
       | day at work. I want my exercise miles minus the macho.
       | 
       | This could help me get that winter bike.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | The enclosure is a lot of mass. Easier to get the same
         | sheltering effect with better rain/snow clothing that you can
         | just strip off and shove in a pannier or something.
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | > The enclosure is a lot of mass.
           | 
           | It's also a lot of sail surface.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | Isn't it more aerodynamic than a human on a bicycle?
        
               | geocrasher wrote:
               | No, not really. Not at the speeds most cyclists,
               | especially commuters, travel at. You gain quite a lot
               | more by going recumbent when it comes to drag. In fact, a
               | recumbent bike, for the same effort, is a _lot_ faster.
               | Putting a fairing on one of those is another story.
        
         | Epa095 wrote:
         | Sounds like podbike https://www.podbike.com/
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | You can look up velomobiles. They are quite expensive though.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | It's really an e-bike with a pedal powered generator. But it has
       | a control system to create the illusion that the pedals are
       | stiffly connected to the wheels.
       | 
       | The e-bike people try too hard to pretend they're not building
       | light-duty motorcycles. This seems to be changing. The wheels are
       | getting smaller and stronger, and the center of gravity is going
       | down.
        
       | sandgiant wrote:
       | > The Free Drive system works by converting the rider's pedaling
       | power into electrical energy via a small generator housed between
       | the pedals. It then delivers this energy to the rear wheel (or
       | wheels) via cables strung inside or outside the frame of the
       | bike, rather than sending it mechanically through a chain or
       | belt. Excess energy created by pedaling is fed back into the
       | battery. The end result is a power system with fewer moving parts
       | to complicate construction.
       | 
       | https://www.theverge.com/2021/9/2/22653697/schaeffler-free-d...
        
         | jskrablin wrote:
         | So... a generator, an electric motor, few microcontrollers,
         | bunch of sensors, a battery with it's own management circuits,
         | wires, a bunch of code running on everything... is supposed to
         | be "less complicated" than a chain and two (sometimes more)
         | sprockets? Or did I misunderstand the press release?
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | One comparison is to e-bikes.
           | 
           | Which often have most of that and a chain too.
           | 
           | But also, e-bikes can let you ditch gears, which add
           | complication.
           | 
           | But I think the main selling point is that you can seperate
           | the sitting/cycling position from the driven wheel in
           | interesting ways.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | The selling point might be to finally have an "automatic"
             | bike. Standard derailleurs are basically like having a
             | stick shift on a car. The rider has to be trained on how to
             | use them and they will make errors like leaving the gear
             | setting too high when going on an uphill and then being
             | unable to downshift because they aren't turning the pedals
             | fast enough due to the high gear ratio.
             | 
             | This is literally just get on and start pedaling and the
             | bike figures out the rest. It even makes e-bike controls
             | super easy, since you can just set a speed and start
             | pedaling and it will supply just enough juice to make up
             | the difference.
             | 
             | The obvious downside is that it's going to be less
             | efficient than a chain drive, because nothing beats a chain
             | drive. But if you basically get the benefits of an e-bike
             | for free then the efficiency loss isn't a big deal for the
             | rider.
        
               | NowhereMan wrote:
               | I am surprised automatic shifting technology doesn't
               | exist. Wireless electronic shifters are readily available
               | now, in addition to power meters. We have devices to
               | shift and devices to tell us when to shift. All that is
               | needed is to marry the two together.
        
               | opwieurposiu wrote:
               | It does exist, in the form of a CVT and controller
               | invented by a company called NuVinci. I built a cruiser
               | bike with the manual CVT version years ago. It worked but
               | the hub was very heavy. If you were stopped in high gear
               | and you pushed down on the pedal really hard to start
               | going it would occasionally slip. Once you got going it
               | was pleasant to use but don't expect to win any races.
               | 
               | They must not have sold very many of them because
               | Fallbrook-NuVinci went into chapeter 11 and enviolo
               | bought the tech.
               | 
               | https://enviolo.com/products/
        
               | sorenbs wrote:
               | The Vanmoof bikes have automatic shifters. I don't like
               | them because they are unpredictable, and you feel the
               | difference. It's jarring. The Cowboy is single speed,
               | which works pretty well because of the motor. That's my
               | preferred configuration. But at high speeds it does feel
               | like I'm at a spinning class, and it sounds like this
               | system could fix that.
        
               | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
               | Lets be real, the selling point of this nonsense is that
               | you can ride your electric motorcycle on a bike path and
               | pretend it is a bike because it has pedals.
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | Personally, I don't get the hate over people using
               | e-bikes on bike trails. While I am still fully pedal
               | powered I have no problem with other people using
               | e-bikes. Especially if the alternative is for that person
               | to drive somewhere in a car.
               | 
               | Maybe in other areas people are doing 60kph on bike
               | trails or something, but that's not what I see around me.
               | They seem to top out around 20kph or so, which makes them
               | basically just bikes as far as traffic flow is concerned.
               | Sure they will zoom past you on the uphills, but who
               | cares? It's not hurting me or anybody else.
        
               | Toutouxc wrote:
               | There are lots of overpowered e-bikes with chain + gears,
               | where the power going through the pedals is maybe 5 % of
               | total power, and the rest is electric. This doesn't
               | change or bring anything new to the table.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | There's at least one existing hub drive ebike that uses
               | this model.
               | 
               | It has a single gear, you can spin the pedals backwards
               | to engage full regen, but the secret is that its usually
               | doing a little regen which it stores and uses to help on
               | hills and when accelerating from a standstill.
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | I don't know about you, but I pretty regularly have my chain
           | derail on my bike (at least a few times per season). Then I
           | end up with grease on my fingers as I fix it which can be a
           | big inconvenience.
        
             | Steltek wrote:
             | 1. Check your limit screws. Park Tool has nice Youtube
             | videos for adjusting these.
             | 
             | 2. If it's the rear derailleur, it may be bent (especially
             | if your limit screws from step 1 are maxed out). You need a
             | derailleur alignment gauge (or just take it to a shop) to
             | verify.
        
             | xcskier56 wrote:
             | If your chain isn't too badly fallen off, you can usually
             | just shift in the opposite direction of where it fell off
             | and the derailleur will usually get the chain back on
             | without having to get your fingers greasy.
             | 
             | Be careful when you do this so as to not apply too much
             | power when you're trying to do this. If you're in a really
             | high gear and it happens, you can get off, hold your rear
             | tire off the ground and turn the pedals. Works 90% of the
             | time unless you got your rear chain jammed between the
             | cassette and the spoke.
             | 
             | Edit: You can very often see this if you watch professional
             | bike racing. When the mechanics change a rear tire it will
             | almost always knock the chain off of the front chainring.
             | They'll just shift into the proper direct (low if it's off
             | the high side and high if it's off the low side) and then
             | spin the cranks and the chain will come back on.
        
             | throwawayboise wrote:
             | Tuck a pair of nitrile gloves under the saddle or into your
             | toolkit. No greasy fingers.
        
             | KennyBlanken wrote:
             | Not really a normal thing;tTake your bicycle to a bicycle
             | shop for diagnosis and repair. It make take a follow-up
             | visit. Sometimes issues around dropping chains can be a bit
             | complex to diagnose.
        
             | analog31 wrote:
             | Been there. If you're riding a 1x drivetrain, a narrow-wide
             | chainring will greatly reduce chain drops. A conventional
             | chainring is designed for the chain to be thrown off
             | easily, and the front derailer keeps it there. On a 1x
             | system, the ring can be designed differently.
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | Hey thanks for this. I realized one of my bikes has been
               | built wrong since I got it 15 years ago due to this
               | comment.
        
             | ramesh31 wrote:
             | Wait until your chain gets ransomware
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | It's really catastrophic when the drive chain's watchdog
               | timer has to reset it because some function went awry.
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | If it bothers you that much the solution is a belt drive,
             | which is still more efficient than a generator.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | Not a normal thing. My chain never goes out. Only on janky
             | beater bikes it did. To the bike shop you go.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | You need to get your derailleurs adjusted. I bike almost
             | every day and it never happens to me, even when I do
             | inadvisable hard shifts.
        
             | potta_coffee wrote:
             | I've gone entire seasons of hard mountain biking and
             | touring without having my chain come off. I think your bike
             | might need an adjustment or maybe you have a worn
             | chainring.
        
             | olyjohn wrote:
             | Do you regularly run out of power on your chain powered
             | bike though? I get the feeling this system requires a
             | battery (it even mentions battery in the article), and most
             | of the actual power comes from that. The question is, will
             | the generator make enough power to get you moving if the
             | battery is totally flat? I kinda feel like no, you'd have
             | to sit there and pedal it just to charge it up, and then it
             | would move you a few feet. Or you're going to be pedaling
             | really fast, and moving nowhere.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | They claim to be 5% less efficient than a chain. So with
               | a dead battery, you'd be limited to a speed of 95% of
               | what you could do on a normal bicycle. That's if you're
               | already moving. If you were at a dead stop I imagine
               | you'd need to pedal a few strokes to get enough charge to
               | get enough torque to overcome the stiction.
        
               | tln wrote:
               | Where do they claim that efficiency? I'm pretty
               | skeptical... Chain+Derailleurs can be 98% efficient IIRC
        
             | Johnny555 wrote:
             | It only happens once a season or less for me and is almost
             | always due to adjustment problems. And 90% of the time I
             | can get it back on without touching the chain by using the
             | front or rear derailleur.
             | 
             | If you're riding a single speed bike and the chain
             | regularly derails, then that definitely sounds like a chain
             | tension or alignment problem.
        
           | sudosysgen wrote:
           | Bike drivetrains can require a fair amount of maintenance.
           | Also a normal chain derailler system requires at least four
           | sprockets, two in the derailler, one in the wheel, and one in
           | the bottom bracket. Anything less is likely to be less
           | reliable.
           | 
           | You can expect to change the chain every 5000km. In theory a
           | fully electric drivetrain could last forever.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | All I do is lube mine and its been a gem for years now.
             | People preach that there is this whole maintenance regimen
             | and you have to be this hobbiest watchmaker to deal with
             | bike gear ratios and such and such, yet most bikes just sit
             | in the garage with the lube that came on them from the
             | factory and work fine. Go to a college and see all the 50
             | year old 10 speeds lined up in the racks. If you have a 50
             | year old piece of hardware in such high use that doesn't
             | seem like its this unreliable untrusty system to me, quite
             | the opposite. Especially compared to like anything else in
             | transportation, like a car that might incur thousands in
             | repairs over its life. How many 50 year old cars are parked
             | at the college? How many cars are even over 25? Even a
             | skateboard is less reliable; take a skateboard out in the
             | rain and the bearings are fouled and the deck may even
             | warp. You can even get bike tires that make flat tires
             | practically obsolete short of hammering in a nail because
             | they use kevlar like a bulletproof vest. Literally
             | bulletproof tech.
        
           | colordrops wrote:
           | Your phone is way more complicated than your bike and the
           | hardware probably fails less often.
        
             | postalrat wrote:
             | Phones tend to get pretty nice treatment compared to bikes.
             | Bikes are constantly stepped on and rubbed against
             | pavement.
             | 
             | Because if something goes wrong with your phone you
             | probably won't be able to fix it. Compared to a bike where
             | most anything can be repaired.
        
               | colordrops wrote:
               | It's a single unit, you just replace it, like you would a
               | broken gear. You can't fix a broken gear unless you weld
               | it.
        
             | rilezg wrote:
             | Idk, if you tried to use your phone as a bike I bet it
             | would fail pretty quickly.
        
               | colordrops wrote:
               | I don't get your argument. What I'm saying is that
               | complexity isn't necessarily directly correlated to
               | reliability.
        
             | Steltek wrote:
             | My phone doesn't sit out in the sun/rain/snow at a bike
             | rack and doesn't have any substantial moving parts.
        
               | colordrops wrote:
               | I think I didn't articulate my point well. It's that
               | complexity isn't a 1 to 1 mapping to reliability. There
               | is plenty of complex equipment that fits your criteria.
               | My pool pump is full of electronics, has moving parts,
               | sits in inclement weather, and lasts for years. There is
               | equipment that can sit near the combustion chamber of a
               | rocket experiencing extreme g forces, pressure, and heat
               | and survive. It can be engineered.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | I've had my bike 10 years. How can the hardware fail on a
             | bike? Throwing it off a cliff? Meanwhile, the laundry list
             | of hardware issues I could list on my phone probably
             | affects every component in the stack over my decade of
             | owning various smartphones. Each dying due to some faulty
             | hardware issue, such as the radio giving out and dropping
             | calls or the jacks getting loose or various other issues.
        
           | newsclues wrote:
           | Far more complicated that a traditional bike. But compared to
           | e-bikes, this avoids a lot of the complex mechanical bits.
           | 
           | I've had this system in mind for years, I think for cargo
           | bikes with long chains, this will be a clear winner.
        
           | a4isms wrote:
           | Have you seen a high-end bike? The gears have batteries,
           | electric motors, microcontrollers, and sensors. You'll also
           | find wireless power meters, GPS, and even radar sensors for
           | traffic on a contemporary bike.
           | 
           | You get the idea. At the leading edge, bicycles are already
           | extremely complicated. If we're comparing this idea to a
           | bicycle from 2002, it's complicated. But I'm not sure that
           | it's that complicated compared to the kind of bike you'd find
           | in the roof rack of an Audi S4 Wagon :-)
        
             | Steltek wrote:
             | You're describing a high-end e-bike, which is basically an
             | e-motorcycle with less regulation.
             | 
             | A high-end regular-bike has electronic shifting and a power
             | meter and that's about it. And you're talking many
             | thousands of dollars worth of road bike. It's like seeing a
             | Ferrari or a Lambo rolling down city streets. They exist
             | but they're rare.
        
               | Arainach wrote:
               | Not necessarily. Shimano Di2 electronic shifting was
               | introduced all the way back in 2001 and has been among
               | the standards for high-end road bikes for many years now.
               | It has all of those components. The electric motor
               | doesn't have to drive the wheel.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | a4isms wrote:
               | Yes, but we're discussing technology that will also be
               | rare. It's not like these chainless electric drive
               | systems will appear on big-box sporting goods store
               | bicycles, so why compare it to a mass-market affordable
               | bike's technology?
               | 
               | I think it's reasonable to compare a leading edge
               | technology to a leading-edge existing product. Otherwise,
               | it's like it's 2007 and we're complaining that this
               | newfangled iPhone thngie can run out of battery in a day,
               | while my POTS telephone works even in a blackout.
               | 
               | Yes, true, but apples, oranges.
        
             | Johnny555 wrote:
             | I've seen them, even rode some bikes with electric
             | shifters, but still don't want the complexity. One of my
             | bikes is over 20 years old with the same Ultegra shifters,
             | I haven't done any maintenance other than lubing once a
             | season and they still work fine. I'd be surprised if the
             | battery on electric shifters lasts that long.
        
         | ashika wrote:
         | pedal by wire
        
           | kazinator wrote:
           | No different from how most diesel trains work.
        
             | KennyBlanken wrote:
             | Totally different application/need though. Locomotives need
             | to generate enormous amounts of force, for long periods of
             | time, regardless of speed. Often at zero speed.
             | 
             | That capability is much more important than the efficiency
             | loss of the generator/motor powertrain.
             | 
             | Such capability is not necessary on a bicycle, where
             | efficiency is extremely important.
        
             | uoaei wrote:
             | Bikes handle much differently from diesel trains. This may
             | work for some but I can see it occupying some kind of
             | uncanny valley in the riders' psyche for a while.
        
               | kazinator wrote:
               | > _Bikes handle much differently from diesel trains._
               | 
               | So, like, no nudging the right handlebar forward to turn
               | right? Bummer!
        
               | Fatnino wrote:
               | You ever ride in one of those bar on wheels things you
               | find in touristy places?
               | 
               | It's got "barstools" along both sides and the
               | passengers/revelers are supposed to turn the pedals under
               | their seats while the bartender/driver steers.
               | 
               | In reality, the pedaling charges the battery somewhat but
               | the vast majority of the battery power comes from being
               | plugged in at a charger before the ride. You can't
               | actually rely on a bunch of drunk sods to keep it moving.
        
       | lm28469 wrote:
       | > Networked, flexible, sustainable, and environmentally friendly
       | 
       | Adding batteries, more waste and breaking points is now
       | "environmentally friendly" because "electricity"
        
         | infecto wrote:
         | Electric is generally a lot better than driving a scooter with
         | an ice around.
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | But a "dumb" bike is miles better than an electric one in
           | term of ecology.
           | 
           | Replacing a ICE scooter is an electric bike is positive,
           | replacing a regular bike with an electric one is a net
           | negative. The argument only works if it replaces a more
           | polluting option. Just like a Tesla can be a net negative
           | depending on what it replaces
        
             | samatman wrote:
             | It depends on how you do your accounting. The electric bike
             | is more efficient than the pushbike, just as the pushbike +
             | human is more efficient than the pushbike alone.
             | 
             | The carbon cost of a joule of food is higher than a joule
             | of electricity, and joules are what get you where you're
             | going.
             | 
             | You can make a case that it's nice exercise you needed
             | anyway; I like bikes as well. But the claim you're making
             | isn't obviously correct and I would say it's more false
             | than true.
        
               | Tostino wrote:
               | It also doesn't account for reduced car use due to having
               | a more convenient mode of transportation than a standard
               | pushbike.
        
         | emerged wrote:
        
       | Dave_Rosenthal wrote:
       | I wonder how good they can make the feel without a direct
       | connection to the road?
       | 
       | For example, as you stand on a bike stopped at an intersection
       | you have your foot resting on the petal, ready to take off. As
       | you launch, you put a lot of force on that petal and rely on the
       | feeling of connection to the ground to get going.
       | 
       | This motor is going to have to hold that force statically and
       | have a control system with sufficient power and bandwidth to
       | emulate the familiar feeling of the ground. Not impossible I
       | guess, but I wonder how well it works.
       | 
       | Regarding efficiency, I think this is a smaller issue than it
       | seems. Let's say a chain is 95% efficient and their system is 85%
       | efficient (they claim 5% less efficient than a chain, apparently,
       | but I'm sure that's a stretch). Most energy cycling, if not
       | grinding up a steep hill, is dumped into air resistance. But
       | speed only goes up with the cube root of power with regard to air
       | resistance. This means (given the hypothetical numbers above)
       | that you'd go 3.8% faster with a physical chain (or 1.7% if you
       | believe their loss numbers). That difference is not perceptible
       | on a bike and not an issue for 'getting around' use cases.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | > Regarding efficiency
         | 
         | Air resistance is the main factor only if you're not actively
         | stopping/restarting/braking as needed. In urban or semi-urban
         | courses adjusting speed and stopping at red lights is par for
         | the course.
         | 
         | Also efficiency is really about effort. 95% is low for a bike,
         | but even taking a 10% difference compared to the chainless one:
         | for the effort you'd put to ride 10km with a chain, you'll only
         | be around 9km chainless.
         | 
         | As you say it might not matter if you're only going for
         | groceries at 1 or 2km of your home. That's a different story if
         | you use it to commute or plan on longer trips (now it could be
         | seen as a handicap to get more exercise depending on the target
         | customer)
        
           | hgomersall wrote:
           | People merrily put up with inefficient bikes for all sorts of
           | reasons. If the only objective was to get between two points
           | with minimal energy expenditure, everyone would be riding
           | road bikes. Clearly other factors come into play.
        
             | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
             | I have a track bike that's light as a feather, a cyclocross
             | bike rigged with single rear derailed that's barely
             | heavier, and a dutch style city bike that weighs like 4x
             | the track bike. Guess which one gets ridden the most?
        
               | barrkel wrote:
               | I don't know. Which do you put your toddler on when you
               | need to go shopping?
        
           | aww_dang wrote:
           | Extra weight from the batteries and electronics could be a
           | bigger efficiency issue.
           | 
           | Durability would be my bigger concern.
           | 
           | Perhaps this would be a good fit for something like an
           | electrified velomobile.
        
             | sudosysgen wrote:
             | I think it could in theory be more reliable and require
             | less maintenance than a traditional drivetrain, but it's
             | definitely going to be 7-10% less efficient than a good
             | chain system.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | > This motor is going to have to hold that force statically and
         | have a control system with sufficient power and bandwidth to
         | emulate the familiar feeling of the ground.
         | 
         | I understand that consumers will demand it, but ignoring that -
         | what if they didn't simulate that resistance? Is there a
         | functional need for it? What would it feel like? It's hard to
         | imagine.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | It's interesting that after 140 years, the behavior of a chain
         | drive safety bicycle with pneumatic tires is still the gold
         | standard. Virtually everything that's noticeably better on my
         | bike is related to the materials used. Although, variable speed
         | gearing was a nice invention, but still, 100+ years old.
        
           | hyperbovine wrote:
           | Same thing with spoked wheels. The same design we use today
           | would instantly be recognizable to someone from 150 years
           | ago. (e.g. https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/from-
           | discomfort-t...)
        
             | thghtihadanacct wrote:
             | I imagine spoked wheels would be recognizable by ancient
             | chariot riders even.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | They wouldn't recognize them if they looked closely.
               | Chariots, I'm guessing, had radial spoked wheels - the
               | spokes are radiuses from the hub to the rim. Those were
               | tried in early bicycles but didn't stand up well to
               | usage. That led to two innovations in the late 1860s -
               | mid-1870s that persist today:
               | 
               | * Tension method of spoking: Invented by Eugene Meyer in
               | Paris in 1869.
               | 
               | * Tangential spokes: If you look closely at bicycles, the
               | spokes are tangential to the hub, not radial. The
               | tangent-tension combination (and maybe tangential spokes
               | independently) were patented by James Starley in 1874.
               | The "spokes are placed so as to be tangential to the hub
               | in both the forward and the backward direction, thus
               | forming a series of triangles that brace the wheel
               | against torque during either acceleration or braking."
               | [0]
               | 
               | The improved spokes were introduced before chains and
               | gears, allowing larger wheels. Larger wheels served as a
               | subsitute for gearing, increasing the ratio between
               | linear distance traveled and one rotation of a pedal, and
               | thus the big-wheeled 'penny-farthing' or 'ordinary'
               | bicycles were born.
               | 
               | However, knowing the history, I haven't yet grasped the
               | mechanics of how tension and tangents benefitted wheels,
               | beyond general concepts. Does anyone know a good
               | technical source (not Wikipedia)?
               | 
               | [0] "Bicycle Technology" by SS Wilson (Stewart Wilson,
               | afaik) in Scientific American (March 1973)
        
               | lkbm wrote:
               | True. One difference is that bicycle week spokes are
               | tension-based, whereas I assume chariot wheel spokes were
               | mostly about resisting compression.
        
           | sudosysgen wrote:
           | Indeed, the chain+derailleur system is incredibly
           | lightweight, efficient, simple, and also fairly reliable.
           | It's one of the most elegant solutions in mechanical
           | engineering, imo.
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | I find the chain+derailleur system to be less reliable than
             | drive-shafts, but it's trivially repairable for a 10 year
             | old with no tools, which is a huge win.
        
             | brnaftr361 wrote:
             | I disagree, I find chain and derailleurs to be annoying and
             | unreliable in the worst way. I'll grant them their crown of
             | efficiency, but I hope to see more refined CVTs. I
             | currently have a bike with a NuVinci and I strongly prefer
             | the way it functions over the clunky must-be-pedalling
             | shifts of a derailleur. As an added benefit the system is
             | contained, presumably hardening it against damage and
             | reducing maintenance.
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | How do you find it unreliable? I put a couple thousand
               | miles on mine a year and it sits outside. Occasionally it
               | gets hit with wd40 then lube and a rag. That's all I do
               | with this thing. I don't get all the complaints from
               | people on the fiddling with derailleurs. I've never had
               | to fiddle despite years of riding. Just some shimano
               | components mostly 105 and ultegra but nothing special or
               | too new. I'm still riding 2x8 actually. Maybe the fewer
               | rear gears leads to fewer issues with alignment? I do
               | find that I can shift into any of the rear cogs easily
               | with either front cogs, very permissive groupset to being
               | in the wrong gear at the wrong time too and sloppily
               | finding another one (a lot of chaos sharing the road).
               | Maybe I'm just not attuned enough to feel when the
               | gearing is going out though.
        
               | brnaftr361 wrote:
               | Maybe I've just had bad luck, but two of the bikes I've
               | had have come apart. The derailleur gets misaligned for
               | whatever reason. One of them I had to take to a shop
               | because despite extensive experiment I could not get it
               | to properly align, and I don't know that they did either.
               | The other was perhaps just old - an '80's era steel frame
               | road bike from a Sears catalogue I donated to a repair
               | shop, and it eventually got exploded for parts. I suspect
               | the third would've succumbed to the same fate. It may
               | just be me mishandling them, but if they can't handle
               | this style they're not fit to ride. :cool:
               | 
               | Also I hate dropping gears in the middle of an
               | intersection.
        
               | thghtihadanacct wrote:
               | I think the key is matching up the right parts. I ride
               | with a 1x11 mid grade set up that was made for each other
               | and after dialing it in I have no issues either.
        
               | potta_coffee wrote:
               | I have 30 year old derailleurs with thousands of miles on
               | them that are still going strong. I don't really
               | understand the reliability complaint here.
        
             | redprince wrote:
             | I have left this behind for a Rohloff Speedhub 500/14 and
             | I'm not looking back. The chain runs inside a Hebie
             | Chainglider protected from the elements and is lubricated
             | with a nice mineral oil. I can run this setup without any
             | maintenance whatsoever for 2000km in every weather. The
             | Rohloff itself will likely outlive me, provided it gets its
             | oil change every 5000 km or so.
             | 
             | I do utility cycling and long distance tour cycling.
        
           | scoofy wrote:
           | Ehh... not entirely true. It's the "gold standard" because of
           | cost and (lack of) need. It's an elegant solution for non-
           | functional cycling.
           | 
           | Band-drive systems with internal hubs are superior for
           | commuters who need reliability over anything else.
           | 
           | Tubeless tires are now the standard for riding on irregular
           | terrain.
           | 
           | Disc-brakes are not the standard for hilly areas or people
           | who ride at high speeds.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, single chain-drive fixed/free gear bikes are still
           | perfectly serviceable for most use cases (even if you need to
           | select from a few different cog sizes to fit your area).
           | 
           | The reason why "chain drive and pneumatic tires are the gold
           | standard" is that most people don't ride bikes. If people
           | did, you'd see much, much more variation in technology on the
           | street, as they would be used for functional purposes, rather
           | than recreational purposes.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | Some places have lots of functional riders, such as in
             | northern Europe, and AFAIK they mostly use the gold
             | standard.
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | It can work both ways. If there are already lots of
               | functional riders, they they probably have lots of
               | functional bikes which means: They're confident about
               | getting reliable use out of existing technology and are
               | less likely to see new components as a silver bullet. In
               | my case, none of the new developments are exciting enough
               | to motivate me to replace my bikes, which work just fine.
               | 
               | Off road cycling is its own beast, with the development
               | of specialized bikes for that use, and also the design of
               | trails that challenge both your skill and your
               | technology. But the old footpath through the woods, or
               | gravel road, is still the same as it ever was, and a
               | regular bike handles it just fine.
               | 
               | In the US, there's a perpetual effort by the bike
               | companies to get people out riding, when everybody's
               | already got a nearly brand new bike hanging in the
               | garage. They want to sell new bikes, so of course the
               | silver bullet is new technology. I think the rapid
               | adoption of e-bikes shows that the real barrier was not
               | the detailed performance of particular components, but
               | physical effort. Who knew?
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | > I think the rapid adoption of e-bikes shows that the
               | real barrier was not the detailed performance of
               | particular components, but physical effort. Who knew?
               | 
               | Is there data on this rapid adoption? I'm not seeing it.
               | It's hard to believe riding a bike is so much effort, but
               | who knows?
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | A chain is 95% efficient in theory, but in practice they are
         | usually a lot less.
        
           | sudosysgen wrote:
           | In theory a chain can be up to 99% efficient. In practice, a
           | clean modern chain can easily hit 95%. Chains are by far the
           | most efficient drivetrain.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | How do belt drives stack up? I see more ebikes going belt
             | drive which makes me think theres some efficiency gain
             | there or at least its able to handle more torque perhaps.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | ebikes go belt drive for ease of maintenance and
               | replacement, not for efficiency (they care much less
               | since the motor compensates).
               | 
               | The elasticity of the belt could also be an advantage if
               | the engine is at the pedals (rather than in the hub), as
               | it would allow for a less smooth engine programming,
               | using the belt's elasticity to absorb some of the
               | harshness.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Belt drives are less efficient than a well maintained
               | chain but more efficient than a poorly maintained chain.
               | E-bikes are less concerned about maximal efficiency and
               | more concerned about ease of use. Belt drives don't need
               | cleaning and greasing like chains do.
        
         | Johnny555 wrote:
         | I don't think they are going for road feel:
         | 
         |  _The central component of the Free Drive system is the
         | Schaeffler generator, which sets the constant resistance on the
         | pedal while simultaneously absorbing the rider 's pedaling
         | power_
         | 
         | So I think with this bike when you take off from a stop, you
         | just squeeze the throttle or whatever controller it has and
         | take off using battery power.
         | 
         | On the other hand, you can pedal at your most efficient
         | cadence/force all day long without regard to terrain.
        
           | tecleandor wrote:
           | > So I think with this bike when you take off from a stop,
           | you just squeeze the throttle or whatever controller it has
           | and take off using battery power.
           | 
           | As they are German, I think that's not the case (if they want
           | to be classified as an eBike). To be classified as an eBike
           | it needs to work in "pedal assistance" mode. That is, you
           | can't have a throttle/button/whatever, the engine only starts
           | if you are pedaling.
        
             | Johnny555 wrote:
             | Ok, then you start pedaling, but since they specifically
             | say it provides constant resistance, it's safe to say that
             | they are not emulating road feel.
        
               | MengerSponge wrote:
               | Having kick-started a bike uphill from many stop-signs,
               | let me say that road feel is 100% overrated
        
             | stefs wrote:
             | i doubt it's designed for classic single-person e-bikes;
             | there's one picture at the bottom of a cargo-bike with a
             | person-sized transport box. i think this system is for
             | small inner-city utility vehicles for delivery services and
             | craftsmen (transport of a limited set of tools and
             | material).
             | 
             | the low overhead of bikes (registration etc.) isn't
             | necessarily a problem for a company's motor pool. iirc it
             | might very well be possible to ride those on bike paths -
             | even if they need a moped registration plate - as long as
             | the maximum power and speed is limited.
             | 
             | in austria, small electric numberplate-less mopeds
             | (scooters) with a 25km/h speed limit and no pedal assist
             | are legal, no idea about germany tho.
        
             | sorenbs wrote:
             | European ebikes are also limited to a 250w motor. They must
             | need much more to make this system work, so probably can't
             | be classified that way.
        
             | barrkel wrote:
             | 25kph eBikes per EU regulations are allowed a throttle if
             | it cuts out at 6kph, IIRC. Just for starting, in other
             | words.
        
         | SigmundA wrote:
         | >Regarding efficiency, I think this is a smaller issue than it
         | seems. Let's say a chain is 95% efficient and their system is
         | 85% efficient (they claim 5% less efficient than a chain,
         | apparently, but I'm sure that's a stretch).
         | 
         | Would be interesting to see proof of their efficiency claims,
         | having looked into this before series hybrid drivetrains are in
         | the 80% efficiency range, you have generator->charge
         | controller->motor controller->motor losses.
         | 
         | There are no production series hybrids I am of aware of in
         | automobiles, all hybrid seem to have a parallel component
         | connecting engine to wheels at highways speeds because its much
         | more efficient.
         | 
         | Trains and large boats do diesel electric drivetrains but its
         | not for running efficiency but other factors like traction
         | /throttle control and power routing.
         | 
         | Its very difficult to out perform a mechanical drivetrain in
         | both weight and efficiency if your power source is mechanical
         | (ICE / human body).
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | BMW i3 has an optional range extender Which is a motorcycle
           | engine that only generates power.
           | 
           | Nissan e-power cars are hybrids that you can't plug in, but
           | all power is generated by the ICE and then fed to the
           | electric motor before it gets to the wheels.
        
             | SigmundA wrote:
             | I guess I think the i3 doesn't count since its only a 34hp
             | engine so it can't really power the car in normal driving
             | (without sitting and letting the battery recharge for a
             | while) its just a range extender but yes it is technically
             | a series hybrid. It also has pretty poor efficiency using
             | gas (31 mpg combined)
             | 
             | The Nissan e-power is interesting, having not dug deep into
             | it before, it looked like it obviously had a engine to
             | wheel connection through the transfer case. Thought they
             | where pulling a Chevy and claiming series hybrid when
             | actually parallel, but just digging deeper its very strange
             | the engine output and drive gear are separated only by MM
             | as though they where leaving the design open to a
             | mechanical connection. Never the less its difficult to get
             | highway MPG numbers on it which is why most hybrids have a
             | mechanical connection. Electric is more efficient stop and
             | go city driving while steady state highway mechanical
             | transfer is more efficient. Would like to see power loss
             | numbers and highway mpg, my guess is on the highway the
             | E-Power would lose out to a Prius.
        
               | barrkel wrote:
               | 25hp is enough to propel a very non-aerodynamic scooter
               | (it's about what most 250cc models produce), with the
               | rider sitting up in the wind blast, at a continuous
               | 130kph. An car can be more efficient at cutting through
               | the air.
               | 
               | What it's not enough for is much acceleration at those
               | speeds. But a battery buffer would help hugely, as long
               | as you aren't driving very sportily for an extended
               | period of time.
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | You are mistaken about the i3. Some friends had one and I
               | joined them on several road trips. Driving it long
               | distances is no different than any other car. You just
               | stop and fill up the tank every few hours. The range
               | extender pops on as needed to keep the battery from fully
               | drawing down. It's important to remember it doesn't
               | actually take that much horsepower to just keep a car
               | putting along at reasonable speeds. Even economy engines
               | are oversized compared to that due to the need for good
               | low end torque in start/stop conditions. But a hybrid
               | solves that the other way.
        
               | SigmundA wrote:
               | Although less of an issue than I thought there are
               | driving conditions where it cannot maintain speed due to
               | lack of power, it was a big enough issue for class action
               | lawsuit to be filed over it dropping to 45mph on the
               | highway:
               | 
               | https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1105823_bmw-i3-rex-
               | rang...
               | 
               | And again my main point was on efficiency, I would hope
               | you agree 31mpg combined is extremely poor for a 34hp
               | engine when much larger engines get much better mileage
               | and have no issues with providing power when needed
               | without battery assistance.
               | 
               | It doesn't need much hp to maintain highway speed
               | (probably around 34hp on flat ground) which means the
               | engine is running full throttle to do so, vs running in
               | it most efficient range which is not where it puts out
               | peak power.
               | 
               | The e-power Nissan has a full size engine, but a small
               | battery, although would be interesting to compare it
               | drivetrains weight with a standard one, having both a
               | electric motor and generator of equal size is typically
               | much heavier than a transmission.
        
               | smm11 wrote:
               | I have a BMW diesel sedan, and have averaged 56 mpg over
               | the past 14 months. Starting from a dead stop is nearly
               | all the fuel consumption, like an Atlas rocket. On flat
               | ground, the car gets 70-90 mpg, and if not driving like
               | an idiot up small hills, it's in the 50s.
               | 
               | My commute is very stop-go, otherwise I think the car
               | would be in the upper-60s all the time. I've often
               | wondered if there was a way to have an electric motor
               | handle the movement of the car up to about 15 mph.
        
           | skykooler wrote:
           | > There are no production series hybrids I am of aware of in
           | automobiles
           | 
           | Would not the Chevy Volt count? The gasoline engine only
           | serves as a generator, it is not mechanically connected to
           | the wheels.
        
             | wolrah wrote:
             | > The gasoline engine only serves as a generator, it is not
             | mechanically connected to the wheels.
             | 
             | The Volt can operate in a series hybrid mode, but there is
             | also a mechanical connection that is engaged at certain
             | speeds where it's more efficient to just direct drive
             | rather than double-convert the energy from the combustion
             | engine.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | > There are no production series hybrids I am of aware of in
           | automobiles
           | 
           | The Chevy Volt was the first production series hybrid.
        
             | SigmundA wrote:
             | Volts have a mechanical connection: https://www.gm-
             | volt.com/threads/gen-2-volt-transmission-oper...
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | Trains do it because they need to apply a lot of torque at
           | zero speed to get moving. The only way to do that with a
           | mechanical connection to a combustion engine is with a
           | clutch, which would burn up from friction before the train
           | got going.
           | 
           | In theory a hydraulic pump would work, but I'm sure that
           | electric motors are better for that usage, since that is what
           | they use.
        
             | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
             | There's also torque converters, which are a hydraulic
             | mechanism. This is the basis of most (non sporting)
             | automatic transmissions. Higher performance torque
             | converters have a lock up mechanism that functions as a
             | clutch making it rigid at high speeds. So you can kinda get
             | both.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | > There's also torque converters, which are a hydraulic
               | mechanism. This is the basis of most (non sporting)
               | automatic transmissions.
               | 
               | By virtue of being the dominant automatic transmission in
               | the US, where automatic transmission is the overwhelming
               | majority.
               | 
               | In Europe, torque converters have never been much of a
               | thing, historically because of the small engines (at the
               | low end, and demand for control and responsiveness at the
               | high end), and more recently for efficiency reasons.
               | 
               | AT has been shooting up in popularity (in parts because
               | gearings have been getting shorter which makes manual
               | transmissions really annoying), but mostly on the back of
               | DCTs, even at the low end e.g. these days it's pretty
               | common to find a 6-speed DCT on a B-segment car, and
               | C-segments getting 7 or 8-speed DCTs (AMTs sadly still
               | survive at the lower end of AT, but I feel CVTs are
               | eating their bacon, especially with progressive
               | hybridation).
        
               | SigmundA wrote:
               | Modern lock-up torque converter transmissions have pretty
               | much eliminated any efficiency gains from other designs,
               | I believe everyone is moving to them even in Europe. I
               | know here in the US many care from various manufacturer
               | are coming with German designed ZF transmissions
               | including the 9 speed in my Honda Pilot.
               | 
               | https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/technology-news/under-
               | ski...
               | 
               | https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a23367341/automatic
               | -tr...
        
             | SigmundA wrote:
             | There are hydraulic trains, they have poor running
             | efficiency worse then electric. My understanding is in
             | order to get a large train moving with steel on steel
             | requires very precise traction control that lends it self
             | to electric, while doing a mechanical coupling for cruise
             | speed would be very complicated and expensive so they eat
             | the efficiency loss there. They are also saving brake wear
             | using the traction brakes which just run heat strips on the
             | top of the train.
        
             | Toutouxc wrote:
             | > electric motors are better for that usage, since that is
             | what they use
             | 
             | Except those that actually use hydraulic couplings or
             | torque converters, which is the cheaper and lighter
             | solution compared to electric, albeit less efficient.
        
             | frosted-flakes wrote:
             | They also do it for simplicity (reliability and less
             | maintenance). A that scale, a mechanical drivetrain to all
             | those wheels would be much more complicated than electric
             | motors and cables.
        
       | graycat wrote:
       | Classic fact from my old college E&M (electricity and magnetism)
       | course:
       | 
       | "A series wound electric motor has infinite torque at stall"
       | 
       | Okay, the electric connection between the pedals and the drive
       | wheel should act as essentially as a _perfect_ transmission, that
       | is, with infinitely many gears (except for the 5% or whatever is
       | lost in efficiency). And if the wheel motor is  "series wound",
       | then should have the "infinite torque" when starting from a dead
       | stop. That infinite torque could be nice to have when going up a
       | steep hill -- e.g., for the last 10 speed bike I had, the lowest
       | gear was still not low enough to let me pedal up my steep
       | driveway and, instead, I had to walk my bicycle up that hill.
       | 
       | Also, for that bike, the highest gear was not high enough -- on
       | the _course_ I was using, there was a long hill, and in the
       | highest gear before I got to the top I was pedaling as fast as I
       | could and wanted a still higher gear.
       | 
       | Sooooo, for something better, if the _constant torque_ generator
       | had a resistance adjustment, then just increase the resistance a
       | little, let me pedal at the same RPM as before, and get up the
       | hill faster; that is, I would be pedaling with my maximum power
       | and the infinite gearing would move the bike at the maximum speed
       | for that power, e.g., the power needed for the friction and air
       | resistance for that maximum speed.
       | 
       | Constant torque at the generator side and infinitely many gears
       | connecting to the drive wheel -- NICE!
        
       | Tostino wrote:
       | I cannot see why anyone would prefer this for a bicycle that is
       | at all shaped like a normal bike. An integrated mid-drive ebike
       | is just all around much more efficient.
       | 
       | Direct hub motors for large (bike size) diameter wheels frankly
       | suck at this point in time. You need to have much more copper to
       | efficiently drive the motor at the power levels required, because
       | RPM is so much lower with hub motors. Not being able to use RPM
       | to your advantage is such a huge efficiency hog at low speed
       | acceleration, which is a lot of how people use ebikes.
       | 
       | If this is using an internally geared hub, my point is moot;
       | however that comes with it's own drawbacks. It's incredibly hard
       | to get heat out of a geared hub motor efficiently. Your motor is
       | encased inside the hub, with no direct connection for heat to
       | escape, and you generally have way less copper available to heat
       | soak.
       | 
       | Mid drives get the advantage of mechanical gearing, and can be
       | built in such a way to allow very little heat generation to begin
       | with, but you also can easily cool something in the frame
       | compared to a spinning hub.
        
         | kazinator wrote:
         | > I cannot see why anyone would prefer this for a bicycle that
         | is at all shaped like a normal bike.
         | 
         | There are already e-bikes out there with a design that puts a
         | motor into the bottom bracket; so there are already frames for
         | this.
         | 
         | That's probably what is being targeted.
         | 
         | In the absence of such frame designs existing already, this
         | idea would be hard to pitch. The path already seems paved
         | though.
         | 
         | We have e-bikes with bottom bracket motors, which assist the
         | pedals, and drive a chain. We also have bike wheel designs with
         | a hub motor that can retrofit into ordinary bikes.
         | 
         | This looks like it just combines the two: take a bike which has
         | a bottom bracket motor, and replace the motor with a pure
         | generator. Scrap the chain and sprockets, and just deliver
         | electricity to a hub motor.
         | 
         | Chains and sprockets get dirty and require cleaning, except in
         | fully-closed systems that require a complicated transmission.
         | Chains can slip and break. Chains wear out and require
         | replacement, usually together with the rear sprockets. Front
         | rings wear also; about once every three times you change a rear
         | sprocket, you have to change the front rings which, for entry
         | level bikes is usually most cheaply done by getting the entire
         | crank set.
         | 
         | Typically, a multi-speed rear cassette must be removed in order
         | to replace a broken spoke, which is a PITA. This is because it
         | is larger than the hub, and is right next to it, blocking
         | access to the spoke entry holes on the drive side. You need
         | chain whip to prevent the hub from turning, while you apply a
         | wrench to a special lock ring tool, using a great deal of
         | force. From the looks of most wheel builds with a hub motor, it
         | looks like the spokes are easily accessible without removing
         | any difficult part from the wheel: just get the wheel out of
         | the bike.
         | 
         | Internal gears alleviate some of the issues with chains.
         | Without a derailleur system, chains can be encased to protect
         | them from the elements. An electric transmission is going to be
         | more efficient and quieter than internal gears, though, and
         | require no maintenance.
        
           | mauvehaus wrote:
           | You make some good points, and I'd venture to guess that
           | you're handy with a bike, but for the vast majority of people
           | who use bikes, what you're saying about maintenance is
           | totally irrelevant.
           | 
           | I'm also handy with a bike, and I've spent some time
           | volunteering fixing up used bikes for resale. Here's what I
           | usually saw:
           | 
           | > Chains wear out and require replacement, usually together
           | with the rear sprockets. Front rings wear also; about once
           | every three times you change a rear sprocket, you have to
           | change the front rings which, for entry level bikes is
           | usually most cheaply done by getting the entire crank set.
           | 
           | This is true, but very, very few bikes ever get the kind of
           | miles put on them to wear out a chain. If you ever wear out a
           | chain, you're conservatively in the top 3% of cyclists by
           | miles ridden. Mostly chains die a slow horrible death by
           | being left outside all winter and turning entirely into a
           | rusty immovable mess. If they're completely beyond saving,
           | you cut them off with a hacksaw, put on a new one, check the
           | cassette, and move in to the next neglected thing. I've never
           | replaced a cassette other than on my own bike, no matter how
           | nice or shabby the bike looked.
           | 
           | In the extraordinarily unlikely case that somebody manages to
           | wear out the chain on a cheap bike, they're almost certainly
           | as well off just buying a new cheap bike. Everything on a
           | cheap bike is crap, and by the time you've killed a chain,
           | something else will need to be fixed. Unless the labor is
           | free (mine was, that was the point), you're quickly into more
           | money to polish a turd than to buy a new one.
           | 
           | If by "entry level", you mean "inexpensive from an actual
           | bike shop", then yeah, it might be worth replacing some
           | drivetrain components. Even so, you'd be dealing with the
           | unicorn rider who rides enough to wear out a chain, but also
           | doesn't want to upgrade to a midrange bike.
           | 
           | > Typically, a multi-speed rear cassette must be removed in
           | order to replace a broken spoke, which is a PITA. This is
           | because it is larger than the hub, and is right next to it,
           | blocking access to the spoke entry holes on the drive side.
           | You need chain whip to prevent the hub from turning...
           | 
           | I've broken and replaced spokes. It's pretty rare, and it
           | requires special tools. Most cyclists can't adjust a
           | derailleur, and a surprisingly large number are incapable of
           | fixing a flat.
           | 
           | Everything you're saying is true, but for nearly everybody, a
           | broken spoke is a job for a bike shop. The barrier for
           | replacing a spoke for most people isn't having the tools,
           | it's knowing how to use them, and specifically how to re-true
           | the wheel. I don't mean getting it perfect on a stand, I mean
           | getting it rideable using the brake pads for a reference.
           | 
           | I know somebody who used to race competitively. He has a shop
           | do all his maintenance because he's not even the slightest
           | bit handy, and I can only assume it's not for the lack of
           | opportunity to learn while he was riding competitively.
        
             | kazinator wrote:
             | Maintenance is not "totally irrelevant" to people who have
             | someone else do it.
             | 
             | > _This is true, but very, very few bikes ever get the kind
             | of miles put on them to wear out a chain._
             | 
             | I suspect that is changing with e-bikes which are used for
             | actual daily commuting. People buy those things to ride
             | them.
             | 
             | In my experience, daily commuting of around 20 km on a non-
             | powered ordinary bike all year round requires a yearly
             | chain replacement. You can get away with a once per two
             | years cassette job.
             | 
             | Now these e-bikes have serious torque and power. You
             | regularly see them keeping up with cars going 50 km/h or
             | more, even uphill. Yet may use use ordinary drive trains,
             | such as entry-level Shimano cassettes, derailleurs and
             | rings. The power of the motor can easily be expected to
             | trash these components way faster than a human power.
             | 
             | > _In the extraordinarily unlikely case that somebody
             | manages to wear out the chain on a cheap bike, they 're
             | almost certainly as well off just buying a new cheap bike._
             | 
             | This is false, because chains cost something like $15-$30.
             | Cheap chains and drive sets are still found on entry-level
             | real bikes that might go for $600-$800 or whatever. You're
             | not going to replace an $800 bike because of the chain.
             | 
             | It wouldn't make sense to replace even a $100 bike-shaped-
             | object if all it needs is a $15 chain. There was a time
             | when I rode crap bikes; I still maintained them, and
             | replaced the chain.
             | 
             | > _I 've broken and replaced spokes. It's pretty rare._
             | 
             | During my daily cycling era when I didn't have a car for
             | some 8 years, I fixed about 3 broken spokes per year.
             | Almost always on the drive side of the rear wheel. So while
             | rarer than a flat tire, it's not that rare.
             | 
             | I had no time for bike shops. They are too far away and
             | have stupid hours like not opening until 10:30 on a
             | weekday, and being closed Sundays. They will keep your bike
             | for at least a day, and charge some ridiculous amount to
             | change a part that costs a dollar.
             | 
             | Truing a wheel is not difficult (particularly lateral-only
             | truing), and once you go to disc brakes, perfection is less
             | important. The bike can even be ridden for a few days with
             | a broken spoke: you just have to clip it off, because you
             | don't want a broken spoke flailing around. It's not a great
             | idea to ride a wheel with a broken spoke, but lets you
             | schedule a good time to fix it, if you're busy
             | 
             | What I'd pay a shop to do would be axial truing: fixing the
             | eccentricity of the wheel's circle. I asume that if I tell
             | a shop to true a wheel, they are only going to care about
             | left-right wobble, which "anyone" can do.
        
               | mrob wrote:
               | >I fixed about 3 broken spokes per year. Almost always on
               | the drive side of the rear wheel.
               | 
               | This hints at one less obvious advantage of the drive
               | system described in the article: no need for asymmetrical
               | wheel dishing. Rear wheels for conventional derailleur
               | systems have to be built asymmetrically[0]. This makes
               | the wheel weaker than a symmetrical one, because the
               | drive side spokes are under higher tension.
               | 
               | I ride a hub gear bicycle with symmetrical wheels as my
               | primary form of transport and I've never broken a spoke.
               | Electric drive would allow the same wheel strength.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_wheel#Dish
        
               | mauvehaus wrote:
               | Let me put it in programmer terms: you and I are like the
               | 1% of browser users who open the developer tools. We
               | exist, but to the larger bike industry the number of
               | people like us rounds to zero.
               | 
               | You also fall into one of the (as far as I can tell) two
               | groups that skew heavily towards caring about end-user
               | maintainability: hard-core transportation cyclists (you,
               | and to a much lesser extent me), and people who bike tour
               | (me as well, though not recently)
        
       | Jemm wrote:
       | Gonna make a guess that this is not meant to be used as a source
       | of propulsion outside the e-bike ecosystem. To lllustrate, here
       | in Toronto, e-bike must have pedals that can be used to actually
       | move the bike. Electric assist must be "pedal assist" and not
       | throttle based. My guess is that the Free Drive system is
       | intended for that purpose.
        
       | loonster wrote:
       | An AWD bicycle would be pretty neat.
        
         | throwawayboise wrote:
         | AWD motorcycles have been done. They are useful in extreme off-
         | road scenarios.
         | 
         | http://www.christini.com/awd-technology/about-the-tech
        
       | tux1968 wrote:
       | Would be nice to have one of these pedal units installed on a
       | footstool, so that I could charge my phone while watching a video
       | on the couch.
        
       | nradov wrote:
       | I would like to have a bike with this drive system for doing
       | structured training workouts outdoors. Cyclists and triathletes
       | often do workouts involving multiple steps with a prescribed
       | power output, for example 10 one minute intervals at 300 W with
       | two minutes of recovery at 140 W plus 15 minutes of warm up and
       | cool down at 170 W. It's simple to execute that workout on an
       | indoor smart trainer in erg mode since it will dynamically adjust
       | the resistance to hit the exact target power, but even with a
       | game like Zwift indoor training is super boring. You can do the
       | same workout outdoors on a real bike, but then you have to keep
       | watching the power meter to stay in the target range which is
       | distracting and somewhat of a safety hazard. So this system could
       | offer the best of both worlds if the target power is externally
       | controllable through ANT+. Of course that would probably be only
       | a small niche market.
        
         | Mildlypolite wrote:
         | Hi, I remember that an app similar to what you are talking
         | about were developed for the specialized evo ebikes. You could
         | set a fixed power output and if you went higher the motor would
         | come in to help you stay in the power You choose. Pretty cool.
        
         | user32489318 wrote:
         | I see your point, and I can see some application in group
         | rides, social events with a less fit SO, but 1) in TT, or even
         | in any regular bike climbing, holding constant power is an
         | important skill to master. Try doing a 45min varying gradient
         | climb at 5-15% below FTP. It is not only your legs, but also
         | your brain anticipating the gear shifts. Give the Alpe du Zwift
         | a try, turn ERG mode off, and you'll understand what I mean.
         | Variance in the power output wears you down. (that's why we use
         | Normalised Power numbers for fatigue). You've to train that,
         | not by doing3min on-1min off intervals, but by riding on real
         | tarmac. Also, after few thousands hours of training you don't
         | need to look at your head unit to know if your power is
         | constant or not. 2) Power is not the only bottleneck for riding
         | 300W, 400W, 450W for 10min, that where the handling skills of
         | your bike come in play. That one of the reasons why we do
         | 'speed training', cycling behind a buddy on a scooter/car. To
         | get used to the cadence, braking, steering, ... Imagine
         | participating in a race, riding 50+km/h without any fast
         | cornering/breaking experience, that's a hazard! 3) Imagine
         | doing an all-out interval session on TT bike, in a full aero
         | position, and getting passed by an elderly on e-bike. Everyone
         | will think "that guy is a bit weird", won't they? 4) Max. power
         | output of this motor is 250W, I believe this to be an EU
         | regulation. That is 20% less power on the rear wheel than the
         | FTP of an average amateur racer. There are also speed
         | regulations in EU, 25-28 km/h. That's certainly the Strava
         | numbers to show off! You can make it a motorcycle/scooter and
         | remove these limits, but then you'll need to wear motorcycle
         | helmet in many EU countries. Also, you are no longer allowed on
         | the bicycle lanes. 5) People who are serious enough about their
         | cycling are generally quite serious on the bike position. For
         | example, the Q-factor is the distance between your shoe cleats.
         | Favero released power meter pedals for Shimano SDP-SL cleats,
         | but added 1cm to the q-factor, just look at the flame war it
         | caused. 6) Most people train on their 'race-day' bike. Some
         | have a spare 'bad weather' bike. Now, you want to train on an
         | additional training bike, with a different geometry to the
         | race-day bike? Or are you expecting to have a TT bike with this
         | drive train + a race day TT-bike? TT-bike will run into 5-15k
         | USD, I might like my hobby, but won't put extra 5-15k for this
         | nice to have feature.
         | 
         | I think 'niche market' is an underestimation, since there are
         | already assisted racing/MTB bikes (limited to 28km/h), just
         | slap power meter pedals on and you're ready to go.
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | Could this let us put a kill switch in bikes? Maybe enforce
       | exclusion zones?
        
       | VectorLock wrote:
       | Is anybody selling these in a complete bike yet?
        
       | marcodiego wrote:
       | > The regenerative solution is a serial hybrid drive that
       | converts the mechanical energy generated during pedaling into
       | electric energy, which in turn is converted back into mechanical
       | energy in the wheel hub motor.
       | 
       | How much efficiency is lost compared to a direct mechanical
       | system?
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | That's what I wonder too. Honestly, the efficiency of a chain
         | drive system is really high. (however, it should match your
         | body's efficiency - 90 is supposed to be an excellent cadence
         | for cardio, and is good for the knees)
         | 
         | wikipedia says up to 99%:
         | 
         |  _Mechanical efficiency_
         | 
         |  _From a mechanical viewpoint, up to 99% of the energy
         | delivered by the rider into the pedals is transmitted to the
         | wheels (clean, lubricated new chain at 400 W), although the use
         | of gearing mechanisms reduces this by 1-7% (clean, well-
         | lubricated derailleurs), 4-12% (chain with 3-speed hubs), or
         | 10-20% (shaft drive with 3-speed hubs). The higher efficiencies
         | in each range are achieved at higher power levels and in direct
         | drive (hub gears) or with large driven cogs (derailleurs)._
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_performance
        
       | bikemike026 wrote:
       | I live on a bike. It's my primary mode of transportation. This
       | could be a very interesting choice. Getting around is not about
       | speed. It's about ease. If this system can get people around more
       | easily then it's worth pursuing.
       | 
       | There are bicycles with chains, belt drives, pedal assist
       | electric, and throttle electric. I would be interested to know if
       | this system could work without plugging in, get me up a steep
       | climb, and do it cheaply. I use chain drives but belt seems to be
       | the winner at the moment.
        
       | yohannparis wrote:
       | I like innovation like this, but I will never buy one. A chain or
       | belt will always work when the battery is dead. Or something went
       | wrong. I need a fail-safe mechanism, and this idea does not offer
       | one.
        
         | a4isms wrote:
         | An escalator can never break: it can only become stairs. You
         | should never see an Escalator Temporarily Out Of Order sign,
         | just "Escalator Temporarily Stairs. Sorry for your
         | convenience."
         | 
         | --Mitch Hedberg
        
           | ryukafalz wrote:
           | This is a funny quote, but for those who don't know it's also
           | wrong. Escalators can indeed break, and violently:
           | https://gizmodo.com/catastrophic-escalator-failure-in-
           | rome-s...
        
             | Toutouxc wrote:
             | There's also the fact that an escalator makes for some
             | terrible stairs -- the steps are much taller then what
             | would be comfortable (and allowed, AFAIK) for stairs.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | This is a generator, a dead battery is not a problem. Nothing
         | in this setup is less likely to break than your chain or a
         | derailleur -- I've had those happen to me a couple of times
         | each.
        
           | missblit wrote:
           | It is however a lot easier to cart around a chain tool and a
           | replacement chain than a replacement generator.
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | Which I do on longer rides, but they only seem to break on
             | casual rides when I don't have them.
             | 
             | But I've also broken frames and taco'd wheels. Should I
             | bring spares for those?
             | 
             | That generator can probably do a million miles.
        
               | soared wrote:
               | You must be putting your bikes through hell and never
               | maintaining them. There are no instances where a chain
               | should break if properly maintained and replaced at the
               | end of its life.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | It's happened twice. Once was on a really old chain. The
               | other I'm not as sure. I'm a heavy guy. If I use my
               | weight I can put a lot of torque on the pedal.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Conventional mechanical drive trains are very efficient, but
         | those with multiple gears can be fragile with exposed moving
         | parts subject to damage and misalignment. Most of us who ride a
         | lot have experienced broken shifter cables, bent derailleur
         | hangers, etc. Hardly fail safe. A well engineered electric
         | drive system could potentially be more robust and reliable, but
         | obviously more expensive and less efficient.
        
         | liftm wrote:
         | I cannot count the number of times I trashed my gears. And the
         | fail-safe is walking. (I assume you're using a fixie?)
        
           | ptmcc wrote:
           | Something is very wrong with your bike if you are frequently
           | "trashing" your gears. I've been riding bikes for 30 years
           | and have never had to walk due to drivetrain failure.
           | 
           | As long as the drivetrain is set up well initially, a
           | traditional bike will go many thousands of miles on pretty
           | minimal maintenance.
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | Single speed transportation bicycles are extremely common
           | where there aren't significant hills. Internal gear hubs have
           | regained significant popularity, too - ranging from 2 to 11
           | speeds.
           | 
           | Not sure why you're "trashing your gears" so regularly. Older
           | cassettes/chains didn't like being shifted under significant
           | power but anything made in the last 20+ years by SRAM or
           | Shimano or Campagnolo really shouldn't have a problem being
           | shifted while full-on sprinting.
        
       | sandworm101 wrote:
       | Take away the chain and you are on the slippery slope to electric
       | motorcycle. This thing is clearly meant for an electric moped. Up
       | the batter/motor power a little and the human input becomes
       | irrelevant. You are then driving an electric motorcycle with some
       | pedals for topping up the battery. Absent the chain-to-pedal
       | drive, the only difference become e-bike and e-motorcycle is some
       | arbitrary line about battery/motor capacity.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | Some of the technology choices are driven by: 1) Regulatory
         | distinctions between bikes and motorcycles (and scooters,
         | etc.), how they are licensed, where they can be used. 2)
         | Providing the experience of low intensity exercise.
         | 
         | Don't remember where I read it, but e-bikes are becoming
         | prevalent enough in some parts of Europe, that there is a bit
         | of a regulatory backlash going on, for instance requiring a
         | bike to get at least 1/2 of its power from the rider.
        
           | Steltek wrote:
           | e-bikes around here (Boston) seem to be mostly motorcycles
           | with vestigal pedals. If the rider stopped pedaling, I'm not
           | sure there would be any visible change in vehicle behavior. I
           | may not like it but I prefer it to having more cars on the
           | road.
        
             | dropofwill wrote:
             | There are plenty of people with throttle-less electric
             | hybrids/mountain bikes as well, but they blend in with the
             | other cyclists (until the road tips up hill).
        
             | analog31 wrote:
             | In my locale, they are more like small motorcycles without
             | brakes.
             | 
             | Actually, most of the e-cyclists are quite well behaved,
             | but there does seem to be a tendency among the beginners to
             | maneuver through things at speed, that a conventional
             | cyclist would slow down for. My guess is they haven't
             | developed a sense for how far ahead of themselves they
             | actually need to be paying attention.
             | 
             | But also, I admit that there's a certain bias here. There
             | are fast and slow cyclists, and those who are polite or
             | jerks. You don't notice the polite cyclists at all. You
             | don't notice the slow jerks, because they're behind you.
             | You only notice the fast jerks, on either electric or
             | conventional bikes. So there's a bias towards thinking that
             | fast riders are jerks.
        
               | Steltek wrote:
               | Eh, the slow riders are jerks too :). At a red light,
               | they'll cut the line and blow through the intersection.
               | Then the light turns green and you overtake them until
               | the next red light. Rinse and repeat until you get to
               | work/home.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | >> without brakes
               | 
               | That is key. Brakes are largely unregulated on bicycles,
               | at beyond laws saying that they need to have them.
               | Standards for braking power and/or stopping distance
               | would be fought tooth and nail. All those ultra-efficient
               | bikes on slim tires wouldn't be possible if someone set
               | minimum stopping distances.
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | Actually I was being sarcastic, always a bad idea on web
               | forums, sorry. "Without brakes" meant that people don't
               | slow down when they should. And to be charitable, I think
               | it has to do with people learning what kind of
               | situational awareness and reaction time are needed.
               | 
               | The US CPSC does regulate bike brakes. The latest
               | generation of e-bikes actually have quite effective
               | brakes, nearly entirely hydraulic discs.
               | 
               | https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-
               | II/subchapter-...
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Those are regs for sold bikes, not bikes on the street.
               | It doesn't cover customized/user-modified bikes which are
               | the vast majority of commuters these days.
               | 
               | There was a man in the UK recently charged with the death
               | of a pedestrian. He was on a fixed-gear bike without
               | front brakes. Causing death during illegal activity means
               | homicide charges in many jurisdictions.
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | Aha. My state prohibits _operating_ a bike without a
               | brake, though the regulation is light on specifics. I
               | read about that incident too.
        
             | pmyteh wrote:
             | It's interesting, because this exact transition (bike+motor
             | assist -> motorbike) has been seen before. In Britain we
             | had the category of 'moped', complete with vestigial
             | pedals, before they were subsumed into the small motorbikes
             | (limit: 50cc engine).
             | 
             | The difference is that now the motor is electric, not a
             | small petrol engine. Will be interesting to see if we end
             | up treating them (again) as small motorbikes, or as bikes
             | with assist (so no compulsory helmet, insurance, or
             | registration).
             | 
             | Edit: around here (Liverpool) I see them styled both ways.
             | Some look like motor scooters with pedals, others pedal
             | bikes with a motor. Seems to be fashion rather than
             | functionality that determines which.
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | At least here in the states, the "moped" was not meant to
               | be pedaled while in motion. It was for starting the
               | motor. The gear ratio was too low to be useful while
               | riding.
               | 
               | The Honda Spree, with electric starter and centrifugal
               | clutch, put an end to mopeds.
        
       | seltzered_ wrote:
       | See also bike2.dk as a 'chainless electric bicycle' series hybrid
       | bicycle drivetrain -
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JKOKpg21dQ&t=313s (2016).
       | 
       | Like others, it didn't at first make sense to me when thinking
       | about efficiency losses and material complexity, but later
       | realized it might have a place in certain battery-electric
       | delivery bike applications where the majority of the power will
       | be coming from a pre-charged battery. Think about how one could,
       | in a worst off case, charge the bike pedaling in standsill
       | position in a shaded area (while reading a book or using your
       | phone) before trying to continue using the bike.
        
         | masklinn wrote:
         | It also can make a lot of sense if you're assuming ebike, and
         | thus that the material complexity is already 90% there (if not
         | more, a generator is not really a complex beast after all).
         | 
         | And between the limited maintenance and the ebike-engine,
         | direct-drive efficiency also becomes less of a concern.
        
       | germinalphrase wrote:
       | Does peddling really generate enough watts to fully power the
       | rear wheel at comparable speed/torque level?
        
         | user32489318 wrote:
         | I would say that will depend on the rider and the level of pain
         | they want to go through. Some ballpark figures: A pro-level
         | male athlete can comfortable put out 200W without breaking a
         | sweat. All-out effort for an elite rider (male) is upwards of
         | 400W for 20+ min effort. (According to Strava records Van der
         | Poel has put out 450W for 20min) A pro-level female rider can
         | put out 300-350W continuously for an hour (and longer) in all-
         | out effort. A semi-untrained (male) individual can put out
         | ~150-200W on average for an hour of all-out effort. 180W is
         | ~30km/h for an amateur rider in a comfort position on a
         | endurance geometry racing bike with system weight of 80kg. A
         | semi-untrained rider would consider 90-130W acceptable for a
         | leisure ride.
         | 
         | These figures are quite less useless, you've to put them in
         | perspective with the system weight (bike + rider), just can't
         | escape physics.
        
         | messe wrote:
         | I don't see how it couldn't. I mean, the wheels spin when you
         | pedal on a normal bike, don't they?
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | No it's obviously less efficient than a mechanical drive. The
         | point is that it gives more flexibility in design and energy
         | management, and may be more mechanically robust. So the
         | benefits can be worth the loss of efficiency for certain
         | applications.
        
           | Tostino wrote:
           | The applications where additional batteries are not
           | preferable to this complicated system are vanishingly slim
           | IMO. I've seen this proposed over the years over and over,
           | with people designing similar systems, and i've always ended
           | up disappointed in the objective performance characteristics
           | of them.
        
           | germinalphrase wrote:
           | Fair enough. It's certainly interesting.
        
       | Lanrei wrote:
       | Would it still be a bicycle if the pedals aren't connected to the
       | drive? This configuration would make it more like a scooter with
       | a pedal generator.
        
         | WelcomeShorty wrote:
         | "it's an electric motorcycle with a foot-operated charging
         | crank."
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | And you can use it to charge your OLPC XO-1! ;)
        
         | csunbird wrote:
         | Exactly, I am not sure if they would be allowed to be in the
         | bicycle lanes in European countries (or at least in Germany)
        
           | buovjaga wrote:
           | See these:
           | 
           | https://leva-eu.com/eu-commission-finally-confirms-series-
           | hy...
           | 
           | https://downtown-mag.com/en/new-eu-regulation-declares-
           | ebike...
           | 
           | Quote from the second article:
           | 
           | The EU Commission's statement ends an almost 5-year problem
           | that has unsettled and set back manufacturers investing in
           | the development of series hybrid bicycles. Undoubtedly, this
           | technology is still a niche product but manufacturers such as
           | automotive supplier Schaeffler are increasingly investing in
           | this technology.
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | Electric scooters are already allowed (unfortunately for
           | cyclists...), why would adding a charge-crank change that?
           | 
           | I'd be more concerned about how a drive system like that
           | would subtly fail to tickle the endorphine feedback loops the
           | way a bike does. I don't think you'd notice on a conscious
           | level, chances are you might even think you enjoy getting
           | button-press acceleration from the battery buffer, but riding
           | a bike has an immediacy that is close to the walking/running
           | evolution has wired us for. I doubt that an e-scooter fueled
           | by an ergometer generator would come anywhere close. I'm
           | somewhat involved with a cycling vacation business and the
           | way a day of being exposed to those feedback loops makes
           | everybody involved happy that business feels almost like
           | cheating. I really doubt that "ergometer driven e-scooter"
           | could ever come anywhere close to that. But, well, Schaeffler
           | isn't aiming at recreational cycling at all, just at the last
           | mile delivery industry. I could not even guess wether it
           | would make those jobs even more miserable or not.
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | Ignoring that they're not too different from an e-scooter,
           | these could _trivially_ only power the cycle when the user is
           | actively pedalling, which would be the main issue with
           | respect to pedelec classification.
           | 
           | Though interestingly it could also put a hard limit on upper
           | speed, since "motor assistance" has to cutoff at 25km/h. A
           | series hybrid bike might be considered to _only_ work off of
           | motor assistance (ignoring downhill).
        
           | mikepurvis wrote:
           | Do they not allow e-bikes in those? That seems surprising,
           | given how important e-bikes and pedal-assists have been (or
           | have been represented as being) for broadening the
           | accessibility of cycling.
           | 
           | A quick googling led me to this statement about Germany and
           | e-bikes:
           | 
           | "Insurance and license plates are required. The maximum motor
           | output is 500 watts for e-bikes. Also, e-bike drivers must
           | use bike lanes unless there are none, in which case they are
           | allowed to ride on the roads."
           | 
           | From: https://adoebike.it/en/an-ultimate-guide-to-e-bike-
           | laws-in-e...
        
             | lm28469 wrote:
             | Of course e bikes are allowed, but as you said you need an
             | insurance + they must be capped to 25kmh and only provide
             | power when the user is actively pedalling.
        
               | throwaway14356 wrote:
               | in NL we have 3 kinds rly. 1) electrical assist that is
               | limited to matching the riders output and limited in
               | speed. They are cosidered bicycles. 2) e-bikes that are
               | considered mopeds and 3) electric motorcycles.
        
             | croon wrote:
             | E-bikes are generally allowed as they 1) work like regular
             | bikes. 2) only allowed if they're pedal assisted, ie not
             | mopeds.
        
             | Fradow wrote:
             | That differs from country to country.
             | 
             | In France, pedelecs (pedal-assist, assist is capped to
             | 25km/h) are allowed on bike lanes, but speed bikes (not
             | limited to 25km/h, they can reach the same speed as cars in
             | cities, often 50km/h, and do not require pedaling) are not
             | allowed on bike lanes.
             | 
             | For all intent and purpose, a speed bike (or however you
             | call it) is an electric moped.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-05-13 23:01 UTC)