[HN Gopher] How does a cowbird learn to be a cowbird? (2016)
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       How does a cowbird learn to be a cowbird? (2016)
        
       Author : jelliclesfarm
       Score  : 50 points
       Date   : 2022-05-13 02:18 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.audubon.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.audubon.org)
        
       | nyc111 wrote:
       | Isn't this true for all animals? How does a cat know that he is a
       | cat? He never sees himself in a mirror but somehow knows that he
       | is like other cats. I understand that they observe other cats'
       | behavior, but how does he know initially that he is like other
       | cats without seeing himself. This must be something innate. Also
       | for birds mentioned in the article, they must know innately that
       | they are cowbirds.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | Cats are social animals. Kittens learn a lot from play fighting
         | with each other.
         | 
         | A lone cat can survive but they behave differently than a cat
         | raised with peers. You can also tell a difference if a cat is
         | raised among dogs. Kittens are friendly and will socialize with
         | most creatures until a certain age where their disposition
         | changes to be a bit more reserved.
        
         | jyounker wrote:
         | How does "innately" work is the question.
        
         | circlefavshape wrote:
         | > how does he know initially that he is like other cats without
         | seeing himself
         | 
         | He can't see his head or maybe his back, but can see the rest
         | of himself, surely. And he can hear himself and smell himself
        
         | alexvoda wrote:
         | I believe it is actually entirely education and socialization.
         | 
         | I have seen or read plenty online about animal pups that were
         | raised by a different species. And I also remember there being
         | a famous case of a human that was raised by wolves.
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | > And I also remember there being a famous case of a human
           | that was raised by wolve
           | 
           | Isnt that a myth?
        
             | erikig wrote:
             | Here's a rabbit-hole that will definitely eat up a good
             | weekend for me:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_child#Raised_by_wolves
        
         | bonoboTP wrote:
         | I'm not quite sure what sort of mental model one must have to
         | pose such a question (maybe some sort of reincarnation-like
         | spirituality where all animals and humans have the same
         | soul/spirit substance that after birth has to figure out what
         | kind of animal it was slotted into this time?).
         | 
         | How does a rock know to be a rock? Why doesn't it get confused
         | and become water?
         | 
         | A cat doesn't need to know that it "is a cat". It just has a
         | cat brain and a cat body, so it does cat stuff.
         | 
         | Of course, there is some learned behavior, parental
         | socialization and some "culture"-like practices is certain
         | species, but it's not like cats may forget "how to cat". Do you
         | think a fish may get confused and suddenly forget to be a fish
         | and instead act like a mouse?
        
         | carapace wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz
         | 
         | Questions like these were mostly answered decades ago, at least
         | operationally.
         | 
         | Broadly, most of behaviour is more-or-less mechanical,
         | stimulus-reponse chains, while some behaviour has a
         | "transmitted" component (aka "culture"), but _learning_ is
         | itself generally of the first order (like how children learn to
         | walk and talk automatically); and then there is third-degree
         | learning: the learning process itself comes to be self-
         | reflexively the subject of culture, and this seems to be
         | somehow the essence or crux of what differentiates humans from
         | animals.
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | As the article notes:
         | 
         | > "In laboratory experiments, cowbirds and other brood
         | parasites that spend too much time with their foster families
         | end up learning their host species' songs, picking up their
         | behaviors, and attempting to mate with them."
         | 
         | Clearly, this would be an evolutionary dead end for the cowbird
         | species as such mating attempts would be unlikely to result in
         | viable offspring. The reason that doesn't happen appears to be
         | that cowbird parents and their offspring maintain a kind of
         | distant relationship until maturity.
         | 
         | As usual, some people jump on these issues to promote their
         | various ideologies, be it 'biological determinism' or 'social
         | constructionism'. Notably the psychologists and politicans
         | (i.e. German fascism promoted genetic determinism, Russian
         | communism promoted phenotypic plasticity) are the ones who came
         | up with these simplistic one-dimensional concepts, reality
         | being far more complex in every case.
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | So, I should send my kids to party with rich people, right?
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | Yes - pay whatever it takes to get them into an elite
         | university. It doesn't matter what they study.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | antiquark wrote:
       | This is only a mystery to social constructionists.
        
         | NoGravitas wrote:
         | Wrong. Did you read the article? Cowbirds raised in contact
         | with _only_ their foster parents (e.g., in captivity) think
         | they are their foster parents ' species, learn their songs, and
         | try to mate with members of their host species. This research
         | answers the question of how young cowbirds in the wild avoid
         | this. The answer includes instinctual elements (that drive them
         | to sneak out to meet their biological parents), but learning
         | clearly is an essential factor.
        
           | jasode wrote:
           | _> Did you read the article? [...] , but learning clearly is
           | an essential factor._
           | 
           | I think your reading of the article missed the point of their
           | experiments that dissected the _learning_ :
           | 
           | Yes, the "learning from other-species foster parents" was
           | affecting their _non-cowbird_ type of behavior (e.g. songs).
           | 
           | But no, they did not "learn" the _cowbird-specific_ behavior
           | from any parents. E.g. They figured out their preferred
           | roosting in the fields at age ~20 days _on their own_.
        
       | feintruled wrote:
       | Fascinating, but kinda creepy. What prompts them to spontaneously
       | leave the nest and go to a certain place? Feel like this raises
       | more questions than answers!
        
         | fujidust wrote:
         | This behavior is thought to be innate, which by definition is
         | considered to be not learned behavior but preprogrammed into
         | DNA. Consider a plant titling towards the sun.
        
       | nathias wrote:
       | a conspiracy of cowbirds
        
       | cyco130 wrote:
       | So how does a group of baby cowbirds learn to be a group of
       | cowbirds (without adults teaching them) then?
        
         | MichaelZuo wrote:
         | I think the implication is that cowbird behaviours are
         | genetically and/or epigenetically encoded.
        
           | mjh2539 wrote:
           | That is not the implication. In the article they explain that
           | the juvenile cowbirds spontaneously leave their brood host's
           | nests at night and mingle with other cowbirds.
        
             | raarts wrote:
             | And why do they do that and their 'siblings' don't?
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | What's the purpose behind asking why unrelated animals do
               | unrelated things? What would be a good answer, they're
               | different?
        
               | xuhu wrote:
               | At some point they must realize, "I'm different, these
               | are not my people, I must find others that are like me".
        
       | erikig wrote:
       | This evokes memories of deep-cover spies that come in as teens
       | and how, after spending years ingrained within another society
       | with little contact externally, they remain loyal to their native
       | country.
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | If you're thinking of Soviet Illegals, a lot of them defected.
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | It's still impressive that the defection rate is less than
           | 100%, whatever the folks in the KGB were doing, they surely
           | succeeded in some places we still don't know about.
        
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       (page generated 2022-05-13 23:02 UTC)