[HN Gopher] Can a laptop from 2012 be a viable home server?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Can a laptop from 2012 be a viable home server?
        
       Author : hddherman
       Score  : 109 points
       Date   : 2022-05-10 09:44 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
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       | ur-whale wrote:
       | > Can a laptop from 2012 be a viable home server?
       | 
       | My take on this, the answer is yes, until a hardware part fails,
       | and in 10 year old computers, they do.
       | 
       | Then it gets tricky: laptops, especially 10 year old laptops can
       | be very hard to fix.
        
         | nelgaard wrote:
         | The disk you can usually replace.
         | 
         | Otherwise just restore the backup to a 5 year old laptop.
         | 
         | If you laptop server can run for 5 or 10 years, there is a good
         | chance that during that time, you spilled coffee in the
         | keyboard of another laptop, making it a good candidate for the
         | new server.
         | 
         | I have a 12 year old laptop, that has been a server for 8
         | years.
        
       | iancmceachern wrote:
       | No
        
       | 8fingerlouie wrote:
       | I don't understand the need to run home servers in 2022, at least
       | not for most people and most problems.
       | 
       | This is coming from someone who has been running a home server
       | for decades, hosted everything from websites and email, photos,
       | music and movies, and various cloud services like Nextcloud,
       | Gitea, etc. As a learning experience, it's probably better than
       | anything else, but for day to day work, it's simply not worth the
       | trouble.
       | 
       | NOTHING you can dream up at home will be as safe and secure as a
       | cloud offering from one of the major cloud providers, at least
       | not if you have a "home budget" as well. We're talking redundant
       | power, redundant internet, server grade hardware and spare parts,
       | fire/flood protection, physical access control, dedicated
       | security operations, and multi-geo redundancy means you get that
       | across multiple data centers.
       | 
       | I've long since abandoned the chores that come with hosting
       | anything from home, and instead moved everything to the cloud. If
       | i need privacy, Cryptomator (https://cryptomator.org/) handles
       | end-to-end encryption. Most other services have been migrated to
       | cloud offerings, which in many cases are free, like GitHub or
       | Bitbucket, and my (static) website runs on Azure for free.
       | 
       | The best part is i'm actually saving money. Before i moved to the
       | cloud, i was running a 4 bay NAS as well as a server running
       | Proxmox, and power consumption was around 250W, and even with
       | normal electricity prices here (EUR0.35/kwh normal, current
       | around EUR0.75/kwh), it was costing me about EUR8.50 every month.
       | That's without the hardware cost, which will easily cost as much
       | over 5 years.
       | 
       | For comparison, a "Microsoft Family365" subscription can be had
       | for about EUR75/year (EUR6.25/month), and offers the above
       | advantages on 6 accounts each given 1TB of storage, so if i was
       | using OneDrive for file storage, i would be saving about EUR2
       | every month on just electricity.
       | 
       | Assuming the hardware costs as much as the electricity (EUR510
       | over 5 years), you could also get a VPS in the cloud, and still
       | host websites and more, and still save money.
       | 
       | That being said, i do still have a small "home server", but it's
       | main purpose is to act as a content cache for data stored in the
       | cloud, to make it appear to be local when accessed from the LAN,
       | as well as make backups (to another cloud) of my cloud data, but
       | my firewall is now completely closed, and i sleep better at night
       | :)
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | > hosted email
         | 
         | Correct me if I'm wrong, but isn't hosting your own mail these
         | days nigh impossible because if you're not one of the major
         | whitelisted providers everything you ever send will get thrown
         | into spam, for obvious reasons?
        
           | 8fingerlouie wrote:
           | It is doable, but certainly not something i would recommend.
           | I quit doing it a decade or so ago.
           | 
           | There are a bunch of hoops you need to run through to keep
           | your server whitelisted, though having a static IP in a non-
           | residential IP block helps a lot. Sadly, most people
           | attempting to self host email will (static IP or not) have a
           | residential IP, meaning you're almost certain to get
           | blacklisted fairly quick. I'd much rather leave that to
           | someone who knows what they're doing.
           | 
           | I'm aware that people self host email for (supposed) privacy,
           | but they somehow always seem to forget that most email
           | threads have at least two parties, and despite all kinds of
           | privacy measures, you cannot guarantee that your recipient is
           | not using Google/Microsoft/Whatever, or they forward it to a
           | person that is using one of those. In that light, your (clear
           | text) emails are not really confidential.
           | 
           | Instead, if you must use email for confidential information,
           | use encryption, or better yet, use one of the multitudes of
           | newer "more better" platforms for sending your information.
           | Most new platforms have encryption baked in, though in most
           | cases you're trusting the service provider to handle your
           | keys correctly.
        
             | Aachen wrote:
             | (not sure who downvoted or why btw, even if I disagree on
             | some points your comment is constructive and the
             | conclusion, using something with more modern encryption,
             | makes sense. If only people would comment when they
             | downvote...)
             | 
             | > have a residential IP, meaning you're almost certain to
             | get blacklisted fairly quick.
             | 
             | That's not how that works. Either they block residential
             | IPs or they don't. It's not that they only notice you're
             | hosting residentially by the distinctly green smell of your
             | email and only then ban you.
             | 
             | I've not had much trouble myself with this, only a handful
             | of systems across more than a decade of use by multiple
             | people. From a residential IP.
             | 
             | > hoops you need to run through to keep your server
             | whitelisted
             | 
             | Aside from sending spam, how does it become un-whitelisted?
             | (I'm assuming you're referring to "off blacklists" when you
             | say whitelisted btw, as I've never seen a whitelist
             | implementation).
        
         | yokoprime wrote:
         | I have 2 rPIs. Run pi-hole, controller sw for my access points,
         | some torrent stuff, a "NAS" aka shared USB drives and
         | homebridge.
         | 
         | Not sure how I would do those in the cloud cheaper and as
         | simply as this.
        
         | pxtail wrote:
         | > it's simply not worth the trouble
         | 
         | This philosophy can be applied for everything and unfortunately
         | - for me - it's incredibly poisonous, I was very passionate
         | about programming, coding, about this unique property of it
         | that one can bring to life some abstract idea, concept that was
         | only existing as thoughts
         | 
         | Unfortunately "not worth the trouble" mantra infected me and
         | now I'm unable to do anything, most ideas are dismissed easily.
         | Want to write some kind of software? Makes no sense, it's
         | probably written already and if not then will be replicated in
         | the blink of an eye by more resourceful entity if it's worth
         | anything, probably even open-sourced Want to write novel? Makes
         | no sense, authors with the help of GPT3 will churn out 20 times
         | more, etc. etc.
        
           | hddherman wrote:
           | Sorry to hear about that.
           | 
           | I agree that it's easy to dismiss a lot of ideas like this,
           | and the fact that there's so many people out there working on
           | all these ideas can seem a bit daunting.
           | 
           | What has helped me is knowing that I am doing all of this for
           | myself, and because it's fun and interesting to _me_. Yeah,
           | sure, other solutions exist, but then I'd be trading more
           | money for less fun, and that's not... fun.
           | 
           | I hope that you can get your spark back. It all depends on
           | external factors and life events as well and with those I
           | cannot help, but don't lose hope.
        
             | snerbles wrote:
             | > What has helped me is knowing that I am doing all of this
             | for myself, and because it's fun and interesting to _me_.
             | 
             | Thank you for articulating it this way. It's too easy for
             | nihilism to bleed over into hobbies and pastimes.
        
             | pxtail wrote:
             | Thank you for kind words man, I appreciate it a lot
        
         | timonoko wrote:
         | Typical use of home server is to lower expenses when abroad or
         | in the wilderness. Nobody here pirates movies (of course), but
         | for example watching Joe Rogan 3 hour Youtube-sessions on phone
         | in Finnmark was quite impossible. You ordered your server to
         | download it with youtube-dl and to decode the audio at 32
         | kbits.
        
         | ulzeraj wrote:
         | > If i need privacy, Cryptomator (https://cryptomator.org/)
         | handles end-to-end encryption.
         | 
         | I don't think that's enough to qualify as a privacy measure.
         | Those encrypted files will still be on your account paid
         | through your credit card and authenticated by phone. They know
         | when you connect and how much data you have, download and send.
         | 
         | As for the rest of your comment, I pretty much like having my
         | own stuff and I dislike giving money to hostile corporations
         | like Microsoft and Google.
        
         | diffeomorphism wrote:
         | Do you exclude NAS functionality? Because multiple TB of cloud
         | storage are definitely not affordable.
         | 
         | Similarly, yeah you could store movies in the cloud, but
         | streaming those all the time is a huge waste of bandwidth and
         | for many home internet connections quite high load.
         | 
         | Oh, and I also want my smart home to continue working when
         | there is no internet connection.
        
           | bpye wrote:
           | Not just that multi TB are not affordable, but also I can get
           | >1Gbps throughout on my local network and essentially 0
           | latency - whilst my internet connection is max 1Gbps and
           | effectively a little less, with more significant latency.
           | 
           | When using the file share for something like Lightroom it
           | makes a significant difference.
        
         | cyberpunk wrote:
         | > NOTHING you can dream up at home will be as safe and secure
         | as a cloud offering from one of the major cloud providers..
         | 
         | Err, yeah no. My home server is only serving lan clients and is
         | not on the internet. Please, try to pwn it.
         | 
         | :}
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | >NOTHING you can dream up at home will be as safe and secure as
         | a cloud offering from one of the major cloud providers
         | 
         | Not really. Cloud providers make mistakes.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23915484
        
           | Aachen wrote:
           | Plus: bigcorp mistakes/hacks affect a million customers. You
           | might have a less fancy door lock than the data center next
           | door, or might have a 1024-bit RSA public ssh key still, but
           | how likely is someone going to get into your email by
           | cracking your lock or key specifically?
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | FYI that wattage is quite a lot, if you get it cheaper by
         | hosting it on someone else's server (aka cloud) then they've
         | either got a more efficient server or they don't factor
         | externalities into the price (at EUR.75/kWh it sounds like
         | you're paying for Climeworks to compensate your CO2 emissions).
        
       | GianFabien wrote:
       | I'm using a 2006 vintage Compaq Presario as a home server running
       | netBSD. The battery holds up for about 30 minutes, enough for an
       | orderly shutdown. The LCD failed some time ago, so I simply
       | removed it. Mostly I connect via sshd. Can connect a VGA LCD for
       | rare low-level sysadmin work.
        
       | pipeline_peak wrote:
       | Is there any necessary reason to run a home server in 2022?
        
         | jra_samba wrote:
         | https://old.reddit.com/r/DataHoarder/
        
         | sbehere wrote:
         | It depends on your use cases. For example,
         | 
         | - I have a scanner that saves scans to a network share. Having
         | a linux-based SMB server on the local network is convenient and
         | privacy-friendly, especially when the disks are encrypted.
         | Doubt you can get privacy like that with a cloud service to
         | which your printer can connect.
         | 
         | - If you follow the 3-2-1 style of backups, having a fileserver
         | at home is convenient for a solid backup regime across all
         | devices.
         | 
         | - You can use a server for serving local media to watch on the
         | TV or any other device
         | 
         | - In some cases, you can use the same server for advanced
         | security, privacy, ad-blocking, and combining multiple internet
         | connections in order to gain fail-over redundancy and increased
         | bandwidth.
         | 
         | I am able to do all of the above with a really simple home
         | server setup [1].
         | 
         | [1]: https://sagar.se/blog/diy-multi-wan-linux-router/diy-
         | multi-w...
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | There is no necessary reason to be alive, yet here we are.
         | 
         | I like hosting at home, gives me peace of mind because it's all
         | mine and controlled by me. No latency across LAN and cheap
         | storage (one could say it's at cost price) are other reported
         | advantages.
         | 
         | It's not necessary, sure I could host my email with google like
         | the masses and it would be functionally the same, but it's my
         | preference.
        
       | Aachen wrote:
       | Oddly specific title. Another 2012 laptop-at-home hoster
       | reporting in, AMA I guess! I didn't have any thermal/fan issues
       | the way OP described, but my laptop is also more powerful (Asus
       | rather than a ThinkPad) so it was presumably just made to handle
       | more heat.
       | 
       | This was an upgrade in 2019 from an Asus EEE box which had
       | similar power requirements, which was an upgrade in 2013 from a
       | 2001 laptop.
       | 
       | Whether this works for you all depends on your goals, or more and
       | more often, what software you use to achieve these goals:
       | 
       | - Compiling huge software suites like an OS or Firefox as a
       | service is just too heavy.
       | 
       | - Average company website, personal blog, torrent host, personal
       | vpn server, Factorio server, mail server, git server (gitea), and
       | more all at once? Perfectly fine, that's exactly what I do.
       | 
       | - Single gitlab service? Oof, that's on the edge of minimum
       | requirements https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/install/requirements.html
       | , but should work okay if you don't have too many users.
        
       | ThatMedicIsASpy wrote:
       | There are better ways. They are also not that expensive for mini
       | servers running a few services.
       | 
       | Fujitsu Esprimo, Fujitsu Futro, Lenovo ThinkCentre, HP EliteDesk,
       | HP ProDesk, ...
       | 
       | Used and refurbished they can be found starting at around 40EUR
       | depending on the configuration.
       | 
       | 2012 is too old in my eyes (CPU performance per watt)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | iforgotpassword wrote:
         | Recommend the esprimos. Fujitsu is very honest in their energy
         | consumption white papers so you can know exactly what they'll
         | draw.
         | 
         | Also their mainboards - as far as I can tell - have always been
         | atx wrt screw holes, so you can put them into larger cases.
         | Problem then is that the psu is proprietary regarding both size
         | and connector. They've been doing 12V only to the mainboard for
         | a couple years now, and convert to other voltages on the
         | mainboard. But replacement parts are cheap and plenty on eBay,
         | so don't worry too much.
        
         | meristohm wrote:
         | While the performance/Watt is higher than modern hardware, what
         | is the total resource-cost of buying a new mini-server? It
         | might be relatively cheap money-wise, but we have yet to add in
         | the long-term costs to all the gadgets we make. This old laptop
         | is from 2013 and uses between 10-30W (highest when the screen
         | is on).
        
           | iforgotpassword wrote:
           | You don't have to buy new, but maybe 2018ish is a sweet spot
           | when it comes to price/performance in the used market. My
           | Fujitsu esprimo has a 6th gen i5 and idles at 14W with one
           | spinning disk, one SSD and one spun down disk, plus an
           | additional nic.
        
       | Fwirt wrote:
       | Old laptops also make killer home routers. I recently replaced my
       | consumer grade wireless router with an old Thinkpad in a router-
       | on-a-stick configuration + PoE switch + dedicated access point
       | and my home network is better for it in just about every way.
       | Added bonus that it can run a simple webserver and run some light
       | home automation tasks without breaking a sweat.
       | 
       | Of course the downside is that you lose a nice web GUI for
       | managing port forwarding and stuff, but if you're SSHing in to
       | adjust iptables on your router you probably don't need the web
       | interface all that much anyway.
       | 
       | It's probably true that an off-the-shelf router uses less power,
       | but if you already have an old laptop lying around, at what point
       | do you break even on the electricity cost vs. buying more
       | efficient hardware? Especially when the difference is on the
       | order of a few watts.
        
         | throw93232 wrote:
         | As a router? How many gigabit ethernet ports can you put on
         | such thing?
         | 
         | Also on electricity you may break even in a year or two.
        
           | piperswe wrote:
           | A USB 2.0 ethernet port maxing out at a few hundred Mbps
           | would suffice for WAN for most people, and the built-in
           | gigabit port can be connected to a switch
        
         | ta988 wrote:
         | You could install OPNsense (or any other router OS out there)
         | and get a webUI out of it. I wonder if OpenWRT works on x86
        
           | LeSaucy wrote:
           | A killer solution is to run OPNsense in a virtual machine,
           | and then adjust the virtual<->physical NIC mappings when
           | moving between hosts. Its super powerful and has plugins
           | galore (haproxy, nginx proxy, dynamic dns updaters, openvpn
           | etc). I run two VM's in high availablity mode and can take
           | down any virtualization host without any downtime(important
           | with WFH).
        
             | ta988 wrote:
             | Have you looked into OpenVSwitch? It may solve some of that
             | too.
        
         | Damogran6 wrote:
         | Plus built in UPS.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Anyone who feels the need for a home server, I would strongly
       | advise using either a laptop or ARM SBC (eg. Raspberry pi).
       | 
       | The main cost of your always on server will be power. And laptops
       | are far lower power than desktops when idle.
       | 
       | If you need anything specialist a laptop can't do, you're
       | probably better renting a cloud server instead.
        
         | peoplefromibiza wrote:
         | except for storage.
         | 
         | My home server is mainly my home NAS.
         | 
         | It would be hard to put 12TB of mirrored storage in a laptop.
        
           | jacknews wrote:
           | I have a T430 with an external USB3 dual disk caddy, with 8TB
           | disks, soon to upgrade to 16TB.
        
           | 2000UltraDeluxe wrote:
           | With a 2012 gaming laptop then there is a chance it'll have
           | dual SATA bays. If there's an M.2 slot as well, then it might
           | be doable.
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | While there are laptops which accept 3 or even 4 SSD's, and
           | which could do this task, those are very expensive, so few
           | might have one handy.
           | 
           | Older ARM SBC's had many limitations in the number of PCIe,
           | SATA and USB 3 interfaces.
           | 
           | Nevertheless, now a much better ARM CPU has become available
           | for cheaper devices (i.e. in the $100 to $200 range), the
           | Rockchip RK3588 (quadruple Cortex-A76 + quadruple Cortex-A55
           | + triple Cortex-M0).
           | 
           | For now, this is the only ARM CPU with a decent speed,
           | comparable or better than the Intel Gemini Lake Refresh CPUs,
           | except for the much more expensive NVIDIA Xavier or Orin, or
           | the Qualcomm Snapdragon SBCs, which are much more expensive
           | than Intel/AMD CPUs + motherboards, having similar features.
           | 
           | There are at least 5 or 6 companies who have announced boards
           | with RK3588, ranging in size from credit-card size, like
           | Raspberry Pi, to the larger picoITX, and up to the miniITX
           | form factor. Hopefully such boards will be available in the
           | second half of 2022.
           | 
           | Some of these boards have up to 4 SATA connectors, besides an
           | M.2 NVME SSD slot, so they could be easily used as a NAS.
           | 
           | According to the published reviews of such a board, the
           | typical total power consumption (without SSDs/HDDs) is around
           | 5 W, and the peak power, at maximum CPU utilization, around
           | 13 W.
        
             | renox wrote:
             | My Synology NAS use an ARM: I chose badly: very few video
             | format are supported..
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | There are a lot of different devices that include ARM
               | cores.
               | 
               | Some of them have actually been designed for TV set top
               | boxes as their primary application, e.g. most of the
               | models from Rockchip. These support a lot of video
               | formats in hardware, even more than typical desktop GPUs
               | from the same year. For example the Rockchip 3588,
               | launched this year and used in many single-board
               | computers that have just been announced, is one of the
               | first devices providing a fast hardware AV1 decoder,
               | besides decoders and encoders for all older codecs.
               | 
               | However, some of these devices with ARM cores have
               | vendor-provided video drivers only for Android, to be
               | used in smart TVs, so it may happen that the device used
               | in your Synology NAS actually supports in hardware more
               | video formats than you can use, and you are limited by
               | the available video driver, which is incomplete.
        
         | currysausage wrote:
         | Actually, I just put a used HP ProDesk 600 G3 Microtower
         | (Pentium Gold G4560) into operation, and my energy meter shows
         | 0.0W most of the time (which can't be true, but apparently it's
         | something <1W) with Ubuntu + TLP installed and the HDD in
         | standby.
         | 
         | Here are my TLP settings:                 TLP_DEFAULT_MODE=BAT
         | TLP_PERSISTENT_DEFAULT=1            # Change some BAT settings
         | back to AC defaults       CPU_MAX_PERF_ON_BAT=100
         | CPU_BOOST_ON_BAT=1       CPU_HWP_DYN_BOOST_ON_BAT=1
         | # Disable options that are undesirable for servers
         | MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_BAT=0       WOL_DISABLE=0
         | DISK_DEVICES="sda sdb"            # Leave disk power management
         | to hd-idle ('PM_ON=on' means PM off, obviously /s)
         | AHCI_RUNTIME_PM_ON_BAT=on       DISK_APM_LEVEL_ON_BAT="keep
         | keep"       DISK_SPINDOWN_TIMEOUT_ON_BAT="keep keep"
         | 
         | I use hd-idle for spinning down the HDD (sdb) because the
         | shucked WD "White Label"/Ultrastar He10 apparently doesn't care
         | for APM or Standby Timer settings set through TLP:
         | echo 'HD_IDLE_OPTS="-i 0 -a sdb -i 1800 -l /var/log/hd-idle/hd-
         | idle.log"' >> /etc/default/hd-idle       systemctl enable hd-
         | idle.service
         | 
         | Besides that, I had to                 systemctl disable
         | udisks2
         | 
         | because udisks2 wakes up the drives every 10 minutes, no
         | configuration possible. Also, smartd (from smartmontools)
         | shouldn't wake the HDD if it's in standby, but it will reset
         | hd-idle's standby timer, so I tell smartd to run every 24 hours
         | instead of 30 minutes:                 echo 'smartd_opts="--
         | interval=86400"' >> /etc/default/smartmontools
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Probably best to measure power in the DC side of the power
           | supply to be sure it's under a watt...
           | 
           | Measuring AC power is very hard to do accurately - there
           | could for example be something else in your town injecting a
           | bit of power at some other frequency onto the AC power grid
           | (for example 1000Hz), which your PSU ends up absorbing (due
           | to filters in the input of the PSU). Regular power meters
           | will usually only measure the 50/60Hz component of absorbed
           | and reactive power, and can therefore over/under read.
           | 
           | Still good to know some desktops are designed with power
           | consumption in mind!
        
           | justsomehnguy wrote:
           | > which can't be true
           | 
           | Yep, but still not <1W. Even at 20% load the PSU have only
           | 80-90%% efficiency.
           | 
           | Just test with something with a low and known power usage,
           | like a LED lamp or something.
        
             | currysausage wrote:
             | Actually, that's exactly what I did and the energy meter
             | will gladly measure a 1W LED bulb. That's why I think
             | consumption is <1W most of the time. At the end of the day,
             | everything <5W or even <10W would be pretty great.
             | 
             | BTW, there are very short bursts of 1W~10W every second.
             | And FWIW, after ~24h, the energy meter shows 0.0117kWh.
             | Obviously, these measurements are a far cry from lab
             | precision, but they do give me some confidence that I won't
             | really notice the server on my next energy bill.
        
         | rjsw wrote:
         | An HP MicroServer uses laptop-class components in a different
         | case.
        
           | znpy wrote:
           | Not sure what generation you're referring to, but my HP
           | Microserver (Gen 8) has a 17W TDP Intel Xeon cpu (E1220v2
           | iirc) and an HP SmartArray controller, and HP iLO baseboard
           | management controller.
           | 
           | I don't think that stuff qualifies as "laptop-class".
        
       | blueflow wrote:
       | I'm using a Siemens Futro S300 from 2005 as home server. It has
       | no UPS-like functionality, but is completely silent in operation.
        
       | nergal wrote:
       | https://www.sweclockers.com/galleri/15194-laptop-server
        
       | znpy wrote:
       | Actually thinkpads from that era can host 4 disks: there used to
       | be special deives that would fit into the expresscard slot.
        
         | hddherman wrote:
         | Like the thinkmods adapter?
         | https://thinkmods.store/products/expresscard-to-nvme-adapter
        
       | hellweaver666 wrote:
       | I have a 2010 Macbook Pro sitting on my network as an airprint
       | server for my aging Dell Laser printer (purely because the
       | drivers no longer work on modern OS's). It's hacky but cheaper
       | than buying a new printer and the damn thing keeps on chugging as
       | long as it's plugged in (the battery is long dead and lasts less
       | than five minutes).
        
       | natly wrote:
       | I love this. It's weird that we don't consider the fact that
       | computers becoming more powerful and home internet becoming
       | faster as having an effect on personally managed servers being a
       | more feasible option. How few of todays servers could replace the
       | servers spotify used when they started up a decaded ago?
        
       | jeffwask wrote:
       | At one place I worked, a team built a selenium grid out of old
       | laptops so I don't see why not.
       | 
       | The only down side would be disk redundancy and such I would want
       | in anything storing important data.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Why not, people use RPis as a home server.
        
         | lynguist wrote:
         | RPis don't have batteries that can wreak havoc.
        
           | BizarroLand wrote:
           | If you kludge together a battery backup out of a dodgy $15
           | USB powerbank you can still have the same issues, right?
        
       | timonoko wrote:
       | I have better than UPS. I have watchdog on my server. It is a
       | reprogrammed wifi-plug, which turns power off&on if it cannot see
       | the server, or does not get ping every 5 minutes.
       | 
       | And the server can also restart wifi-router and cable modem if
       | cannot ping the selfsame watchdog (and 8.8.8.8) at reasonable
       | intervals.                   Yes. They are watching each other.
        
         | jmacd wrote:
         | Ubiquiti sells a nice piece of hardware that is a WAN reboot
         | plug. Unfortunately there is zero configurability in terms of
         | how it determines if WAN is working or not. I haven't been able
         | to find another purpose made piece of kit.
        
           | timonoko wrote:
           | My server is so old (2012) it has parallel port. If you
           | connect all pins together it has enough power to operate 220V
           | relay and thus modem and router can be turned on and off
           | without any fancy hardware.
        
             | spicybright wrote:
             | That's scary but amazing. Did you do this and have any
             | write ups about it? Sounds interesting!
        
               | timonoko wrote:
               | This is all you need to know. Connect all parport data
               | pins together and connect it to suitable relay.
               | Preferably 3-pin relay, so the Wifi-power-on is the
               | default state.                   $ cat wifi-off
               | #! /usr/bin/python2         import parallel,time
               | p = parallel.Parallel()  # open LPT1 or /dev/parport0
               | p.setData(0xFF)                        $ cat wifi-on
               | #! /usr/bin/python2         import parallel,time
               | p = parallel.Parallel()  # open LPT1 or /dev/parport0
               | p.setData(0x0)
        
               | spicybright wrote:
               | Wow, that makes complete sense. What an elegant hack!
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Do you ever get any outages or was that just a fun project to
         | set up?
         | 
         | I'm always thinking I should buy an UPS but realistically I'd
         | need it once every 5 years at best, and even then I'm usually
         | lucky.
        
           | timonoko wrote:
           | Happens twice a month, reasons vary. Mostly because Wifi is
           | too congested in middle of Helsinki.
           | 
           | At one time it happened every day. This was because of open
           | Telnet port. Crooks, mostly Russians, caused so many Telnet-
           | open processes that machine choked up.
        
           | hddherman wrote:
           | You'd think so, but lately I've found it to be quite handy.
           | Over the last couple of days, the UPS has notified me that
           | the voltage coming from the wall is a bit off, oddly high
           | (250-256V). netdata is nice and even graphs it out to me so I
           | can pinpoint exactly when and how much the voltage deviated
           | from normal.
        
         | idonotknowwhy wrote:
         | That's cool. I used to have a raspberry pi hooked up to the
         | reset switch pins via gpio on a mining rig in 2013. Back then,
         | the mining software was all buggy and would crash the rig every
         | couple of days. When the pi couldn't ping the rig for 30
         | seconds, it rebooted it.
        
         | timonoko wrote:
         | This Watchdog (aka "Vahtikoira") is already on Github.
         | https://github.com/timonoko/Tokmannin-ESP8266-Wifi-topseli/b...
         | 
         | The server causes the Blue Led (aka "Sininen Ledi") to blink,
         | so that I immediately know Watchdog is watching and gets
         | nourishment. Sometimes I boot to some other distro and forget
         | to turn off the Watchdog, which is annoying.
        
       | ToolsDevler wrote:
       | I'm running an Asus N751JX with 16GB RAM. It works perfectly and
       | is a great addition to my small Raspberry pi 3/4 army.
       | 
       | But a heads up for everyone doing this. Please, please remove the
       | laptop battery before running it 24/7. Otherwise this is a
       | serious fire hazard. The hardware and especially the battery are
       | not designed to run under these conditions.
        
         | NikolaNovak wrote:
         | >>The hardware and especially the battery are not designed to
         | run under these conditions.
         | 
         | What does that mean?
         | 
         | My laptops run 24x7, not as server but as docked workstations.
         | I have never considered that as a safety risk, and definitely
         | have not considered it outside of norm. At work for a public
         | sector client, we have two floors (few hundred?) laptops
         | plugged in and running 24x7 (ask from IT department is to leave
         | them on overnight for maintenance). Sanity or eco-friendliness
         | aside, this is a first I heard that laptop cannot / should not
         | be run around the clock plugged in...
        
         | ToolsDevler wrote:
         | So I try to address many questions here:
         | 
         | 1) Source? Well, as it has been also written here, I hear that
         | from every IT-Department I worked with at work. Also learned it
         | once the hard way and got a swollen battery. It was an old old
         | laptop (around 2003 IIRC) and old laptop batteries are an own
         | story, but since people want to repurpose old hardware, I think
         | this is a reasonable hint. Also Linus Tech Tips brought this up
         | in one video.
         | 
         | Also, the newer your laptop the better it might handle it, but
         | I wouldn't bet on it.
         | 
         | 2) Why? From my understanding the constant on/off charging and
         | heat development (also due to faster dust buildup. If the fan
         | runs 24/7 it sucks a lot more dust into the case) is the
         | problem. Especially if you run heavy tasks over a longer
         | period, the hardware will heat up to a level that it is not
         | designed to do.
         | 
         | I will grant that the lighter the load you put on that
         | hardware, the less all this precautions matter. But my
         | principle is, that if something is not designed (and likely not
         | tested) for something, proceed with caution if you understand
         | what you're doing, or leave it be. So if you want to host your
         | static website on it, you might never ever be near any
         | problems. But I still wouldn't recommend it.
        
           | BizarroLand wrote:
           | Lithium batteries have an approximate 10 year shelf life
           | under optimal conditions. Possibly less when heated
           | consistently by a laptop running 24/7.
           | 
           | If your laptop is already 6-8 years old then if you want to
           | keep the battery in as a UPS system it may be worth
           | considering purchasing a new replacement battery and
           | installing that (if it has not already been replaced)
           | 
           | Most computers will only need a small screwdriver and 10
           | minutes of work to swap the battery, although you will want
           | to check youtube/ifixit for your specific model first just to
           | make sure the battery isn't glued in or otherwise difficult
           | to remove and replace.
        
         | Multicomp wrote:
         | > Please, please remove the laptop battery before running it
         | 24/7.
         | 
         | What if the battery is soldered in place like many machines
         | produced post 2014?
        
           | abdusco wrote:
           | You can leave the battery in, but remove the connection to
           | motherboard.
        
           | culopatin wrote:
           | I haven't seen soldered batteries. You must be thinking of
           | ram. Batteries could be hidden behind the bottom plate but
           | are usually connected by a cable internally and that's all
           | you need to disconnect. That's true even for macbooks,
           | iPhones, etc.
        
           | ToolsDevler wrote:
           | If you can not remove it (or let it remove by a
           | professional), do not use it for that purpose.
        
           | ThatMedicIsASpy wrote:
           | Check the UEFI and disable it there.
        
         | barbs wrote:
         | Interesting. Do you have any sources that say the battery is a
         | fire hazard if plugged in 24/7?
        
           | hulitu wrote:
           | We have at work some HP laptops and got a strong
           | recommandation from IT to not keep them plugged in all day
           | due to the risk of swollen batteries.
        
           | doubled112 wrote:
           | I'm curious too.
           | 
           | Every thread about always on laptops leads me to this
           | question. People leave their laptops plugged in all the time.
           | 
           | I've run about 5 laptops 24x7 over the years for at least a
           | year a piece. No issues.
           | 
           | I put an HP Envy onto a shelf in the garage, and the battery
           | swelled enough to ruin the touchpad and case.
           | 
           | In all the laptops I have owned, the only problem battery was
           | idle, unplugged and uncharged.
        
             | Godel_unicode wrote:
             | Being uncharged is actually pretty tough on the battery,
             | for safety and longevity they're best stores somewhere
             | between 40%-60% charged (that's why they come that way from
             | the factory).
             | 
             | https://www.uschemicalstorage.com/how-to-store-lithium-
             | batte...
        
         | ringworld wrote:
         | Depends on the hardware - I run 2x Dell E6330 server-laptops
         | and their BIOS has an option to change the charging
         | configuration to "primarily always on AC" - some Latitudes are
         | designed to run docked all the time as "business PCs".
         | 
         | While we're here, turn off TurboBoost in BIOS to keep them
         | running cooler with the lid closed, I've found it really helps
         | when tasks get a little bursty.
        
         | dlivingston wrote:
         | Curious. My understanding is that, when connected to power,
         | most modern devices bypass the battery entirely when it's above
         | some threshold of charge state.
        
           | Jaruzel wrote:
           | I have some old Dell laptops that most definitely don't do
           | that. Left running on AC for several hours, the batteries get
           | very warm due to the constant trickle charging.
        
         | jotm wrote:
         | I ran laptops 24/7 on AC with the batteries acting as UPS for
         | over 15 years. Granted, all of them had removable ones with
         | 18650 cells, so no swelling.
         | 
         | The charging method has been standardized a long time ago -
         | they are charged to ~96%, then cut off, if they fall below ~94%
         | they are topped up again.
         | 
         | There is a significant loss of battery life if you do that for
         | years. I used to unplug some of them and do 2-3 full
         | discharge/charge cycles, that usually helped increase the
         | battery life.
         | 
         | Some laptops use the battery as additional power when running
         | at wattage beyond what the AC can provide.
         | 
         | If you want to be safe with your model, you can try removing
         | the battery while the laptop is plugged in - it should not shut
         | off, the circuit for charging the battery and powering the
         | machine are separate.
         | 
         | I lost more batteries in storage - they still discharge, and
         | even though the cells could be revived, the BMS won't let it
         | recharge if it falls below a certain voltage, rendering them
         | dead (unless you find it fun to restore them).
        
       | Multicomp wrote:
       | I have a 2012 HP Elitebook 8560p I inherited from work decom that
       | I used as my primary PC for about 4 years, and even now is my
       | torrent client for public domain movies and is also my 'I guess I
       | just need to use Windows' box after I built my desktop as a
       | Fedora KDE box.
       | 
       | It is heavy, built like a tank, and has all the ports I still
       | expect laptops to have (VGA, cat5, USB A, Optical disk) even when
       | those ports are woefully out of fashion. The only problem is it's
       | all PCI 2 SATA bus so even the cheapest SSD maxes out the system
       | bus. She's starting to feel like flying an Excelsior class
       | starship in the TNG era.
       | 
       | Today's laptops are sans optical disk drive, have lots more
       | 'goodies' like IME and Computrace, have soldered ram (it about
       | killed me to find a 360 degree hinge laptop 2 in 1 with AMD and
       | unsoldered RAM, found one by HP eventually but still it shouldn't
       | have been so hard), and generally are infected with phone-itis
       | where everything has to be skinny, thin, light!! More than one
       | micron thick? Old!
       | 
       | But for all that, said laptop is not my home server, nor are one
       | of my many salvaged 'just in case I need a home server' laptops
       | sitting on my shelf in the computer lab.
       | 
       | Instead I have a random cubicle farm Dell SFF PC that runs my
       | home server, does fine until it randomly locks up, probably
       | overheated Mobo like the OP has mentioned as probable symptoms,
       | mostly because I don't want to play with the configs again! It's
       | all undocumented and manually configured and I haven't put in the
       | work to clean it up and put the configs into nixos or config
       | management yet.
       | 
       | The moral of the story is (I guess) to use config management else
       | all of your computer hardware hoarding may be stymied.
        
       | jimmydeans wrote:
        
       | laxis96 wrote:
       | Talking about low power, I am currently running a headless HP
       | laptop which I recovered from a friend. This thing sports an
       | i3-5005U CPU (2GHz 2c/4t) and idles at 4W measured at the wall!
       | 
       | Well, it's not powerful by definition but it can easily handle
       | file sharing and torrenting (for my library of Linux ISOs
       | obviously) while staying powered on 24/7. The fan also turns off
       | at idle so it's totally silent.
       | 
       | What's funny is that this machine is currently resting on top of
       | my decommissioned home server (Xeon E5-2697v2, 64GB RDIMMs,
       | Supermicro X9) which idled around 100W...
        
       | pikaynu wrote:
       | I have an HP laptop with a 3rd gen i5, fairly low powered
       | repurposed with Linux and Plex as a home server. I am using it as
       | a media server, file storage with hard disks attached and also as
       | the primary tailscale host to have a mesh of personal devices
       | over the internet without a public IP.
        
       | scrapheap wrote:
       | I still use a laptop from 2012 as my main computer. It handles my
       | day to day stuff fine, including running a couple of Vagrant VMs.
        
         | flobosg wrote:
         | Same here. I'm writing this from a 2011 Thinkpad x220.
        
       | humanistbot wrote:
       | Aren't most of those laptops running CPUS that have massive
       | unpatched security vulnerabilities?
        
         | iotku wrote:
         | I'm fairly certain that the T430 got a bios update for Spectre,
         | there's Intel microcode updates that can be loaded at boot, and
         | other general mitigations for CPU vulnerabilities in the Linux
         | kernel as well.
         | 
         | Nothing's impossible, but it would have to be a pretty targeted
         | attack to exploit the CPU.
         | 
         | That said it's still a good idea keeping stuff behind a VPN if
         | you don't need to share stuff publicly with the entire
         | internet.
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | _Massive_ is a pretty strong word. Unpatched vulnerabilities,
         | perhaps, but AFAIK most of those are of the  "you can
         | potentially read memory if you already have local execution"
         | sort, which is unlikely to matter for an internal server (i.e.
         | not running untrusted code, or likely even being exposed to
         | untrusted clients). Depends on your threat model, of course.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | It works but I've found it to be suboptimal.
       | 
       | By the time a laptop is ready to retire the battery is old and
       | the fans clogged.
       | 
       | So at a minimum you need to actively keep an eye on the battery
       | for swelling etc
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | New battery is a few tenners compared to a whole new server.
         | 
         | Of course, if the competition is a VPS (if a few GB storage is
         | all you need for example) then that will win any day.
        
       | BaudouinVH wrote:
       | I'm currently running a yunohost install on 2007 EeePC 701. My
       | only worry : the battery health.
        
       | donatj wrote:
       | Until I wanted Plex to start transcoding video durring the
       | pandemic, I happily used a Mac Mini from 2008 as my home server,
       | which itself was an upgrade from the Intel Geode FitPC I had been
       | using for years before that. Like most things, it depends on what
       | you're doing with it.
        
         | gh02t wrote:
         | Oh man, Geode! That's a name I haven't heard in a really long
         | time. That was AMD's attempt to keep the Cyrix IP alive, right?
        
         | goodoldneon wrote:
         | What necessitates the transcoding? Is your TV unable to support
         | some formats?
        
           | donatj wrote:
           | Yep, a lot of my content at rest doesn't work with the
           | individual Plex clients. What's supported by the Plex client
           | directly varies by individual client. I have for instance
           | quite a collection of old DivX and Xvid content and I don't
           | think any of the clients support that natively.
        
             | goodoldneon wrote:
             | Yea, I've seen some spotty support from Plex clients. Also
             | with browsers: IIRC Chrome and Firefox don't support x265
             | but Safari does
        
       | post_break wrote:
       | I still believe the mac mini is the perfect home server. You can
       | now get them with 10 gig internet. They sip power so a UPS can
       | run them for ages, almost no heat, can transcode media for plex,
       | cheap, tiny, etc. You can also use them connected to a TV for
       | watching media that isn't easily accessed from a smart TV or
       | media player. The only con is either MacOS, or linux support.
       | Besides that they are incredible. If you need more horsepower
       | sure, not perfect.
        
         | bpye wrote:
         | Is there any way to attach 4-6 SATA drives over Thunderbolt?
         | One of my main uses for a home server is as a file share, for
         | both device backups but also for photos etc. I'm still running
         | a Gen 8 HP MicroServer because nothing since has really come
         | close in terms of cost and form factor.
        
           | jkestner wrote:
           | Many ways, but the way I do it is with a Drobo. Easy to
           | maintain and upgrade.
        
           | post_break wrote:
           | That's a file server, maybe a Synology or a QNAP. There are
           | some thunderbolt to PCI express boxes but it gets kind of
           | hacky.
        
         | rootsudo wrote:
         | I always liked this idea, but do you mean newer or older ones?
         | M1 only or the older i3/i5 ones?
        
           | Joeri wrote:
           | I wouldn't go back further than the 8th gen intel minis that
           | the m1 replaced, just to get a bit of longevity out of them
           | (including macos support) and the price for those is close
           | enough to the refurbished m1 models that I don't think it's
           | worth bothering about intel minis.
        
           | pantulis wrote:
           | My 2012 i7 Mac Mini is still alive and kicking for its
           | intended use, which is basically media playing and launching
           | Homekit automations. Lots of Youtube content these days, but
           | it saw quite a few torrents and Soulseek downloads on its
           | day. I cannot justify replacing it, even if it is running an
           | unsupported OS.
        
             | pseudostem wrote:
             | 2006 or 2007 (I forget which exact year) Mac-mini-server
             | guy checking in. Sorry, just felt like bragging about an
             | old computer. It had spinning disks, replaced with 2 SSDs.
             | 
             | Gifted to my dad 5+ years ago, he refuses to replace.
             | 
             | Anecdote: He thought it would be a great idea to clean up
             | certain ports when I gave the mini to him, sprayed WD40
             | liberally. Then it was all wet and I suggested he put it
             | under (2 ft away) a 60W bulb overnight. He's, well, my
             | dad... So he placed a 100W bulb right next to it and forgot
             | about it for an evening. The backpanel was black plastic
             | and it melted into the mainboard. This thing refused to
             | die, and will probably outlive all of us. Anything Apple
             | post 2012 is yet another story at least for me.
             | 
             | Edit: still running, windows 10, 2 monitors
        
       | henvic wrote:
       | Be mindful of thermal throttling, though: the noise (in the
       | living room?) can be a nuisance. I've bought an Intel NUC
       | (https://henvic.dev/posts/homelab/) to use as a home server and
       | kind of regret it. It's not a laptop, but has the small factor of
       | one.
        
         | vladvasiliu wrote:
         | I don't know about the NUCs specifically, but I thing there
         | should be a YMMV disclaimer in this recommendation.
         | 
         | From what I've seen, these kinds of small PCs are basically a
         | laptop-in-a-box, but usually pack a desktop-class CPU. Which
         | means that the cooling system can sometimes have a hard time.
         | 
         | I personally have an HP EliteDesk 800 mini, which I initially
         | liked for its compact size while at the same time being able to
         | have 2 NVME drives and one SATA. Boy do I hate it. Even at
         | idle, the fan makes a terrible noise. Throw any kind of work at
         | it for more that 10 seconds, and it starts to ramp up.
         | 
         | My work probook from the same era has a joke for a cooler, yet
         | it's still quieter most of the time. The CPU is noticeably
         | slower (i5-8xxxU), though for running a random home server it's
         | probably good enough.
        
         | vanilla_nut wrote:
         | Yep, my old laptop worked great but boy did the fans get
         | annoying in my office. Upgraded to a fanless raspberry pi setup
         | and it's both better performing AND completely silent.
        
       | my69thaccount wrote:
       | No ECC
        
       | carvking wrote:
       | depends on laptop - but yes.
        
       | srmarm wrote:
       | I use an old Wyse thin client that I picked up from ebay for
       | ~PS25. The built in hard drive was something silly like 32Gb so I
       | just boot from an external SSD which gives me 1tb to play with.
       | 
       | Low power, fanless and reliable.
       | 
       | I have it running home assistant, nightly offsite backups from my
       | co-located servers, some uptime monitoring and various other
       | CRONy bits.
        
         | digitallyfree wrote:
         | My Wyse has served me well for years before I got a rack
         | server, and even today it acts as my fallback server as well as
         | a secondary file backup. I've modified the inside to fit a SATA
         | SSD and have external HDDs connected over USB for file storage.
        
       | salmo wrote:
       | I slowly ran out of use cases for a "home server" as everything
       | moved to "the cloud" (hand wave), streaming and Apple took most
       | of it away. Keeping a static IP for mail and web got more
       | expensive that Google Apps for Domains & Netlify.
       | 
       | Now I just have a RockPro64 with a 256GB SSD I had lying around
       | running InfluxDB and Grafana. You do need 4GB of RAM and a disk
       | for this and the RockPro64 is better and more available than a
       | 4GB Pi 4. Seriously love that thing.
       | 
       | My Netgate router streams metrics to it. I have a Raspberry Pi
       | running the Ubiquiti management software for my APs and
       | monitoring my UPS with nut. Telegraf is easy to work with
       | extending. I do need to scrape metrics from the Ubiquiti APs
       | eventually.
       | 
       | Every once in a while I mess with some other little ARM board and
       | environmental sensors, but that's it.
       | 
       | No fans. Less power than my kids' tablets. Just Ansible for
       | config management and keeping them up to date.
        
       | Maursault wrote:
       | My media server since 2014 has been a 13" 2010 MacBook Pro
       | running Snow Leopard with the built-in Apache server configured
       | to show directory listings. Nothing else is needed... Apache
       | automagically streams mp4s across the network to multiple users
       | flawlessly. I never understood the point of installing a custom
       | Linux media server with a slow funky eyecandy gui when _any OS +
       | Apache is all that is needed._
        
         | bo0tzz wrote:
         | A simple setup like that works well for "just" media streaming,
         | but quickly hits a wall if you want more features: stuff like
         | library search, subtitles, chromecast streaming, etc.
        
           | Maursault wrote:
           | No, that's all redundant. Put all your mp4s in one folder.
           | All of them. Your browser can search the page of directory
           | listing that Apache generates. Subtitles are built into the
           | codex, has nothing whatsoever to do with the server.
           | Chromecast streaming? You're kidding me. Chromecast is and
           | uses the same web technologies as a web server and a web
           | browser. There is nothing novel there. And I already
           | specified that _Apache streams_ to as many clients as can be
           | thrown at the server simultaneously without any extra
           | hardware or software. Oh, you want to stream remotely from
           | your home server? All you need is Apache and an IP Address.
           | Please stop giving Google money. Apache is free software.
        
             | TurkTurkleton wrote:
             | Yes, yes, we're all very impressed with your techno-
             | asceticism, but also some of us just want shit that Just
             | Works, has a remote control that isn't just a wireless
             | keyboard and mouse, and doesn't require us to actively
             | sysadmin our TVs.
             | 
             | > Oh, you want to stream remotely from your home server?
             | All you need is Apache and an IP Address.
             | 
             | Hey, you know what "Apache and an IP Address" _won 't_ do?
             | Automatically re-encode my enormous remuxed Blu-ray rips at
             | a lower bitrate so I can stream them over my comically
             | limited upstream to a criminally throttled hotel wi-fi
             | connection.
        
               | Maursault wrote:
               | You're talking about something else with a remote
               | control. When you're streaming, the device you're
               | streaming to has control of the audio level, display
               | ratio, and what you are watching, not the server. The
               | remote device becomes the remote control. You're talking
               | about a smart TV or a console system you attach to a TV.
               | Streaming is a different thing.
               | 
               | Apache will stream your stupid 75GB BluRay files without
               | any need to re-encode, and you can watch it remotely so
               | long as the client device can decode it, even across a
               | 10kbit connection, so you go ahead and enjoy your wasted
               | processor cycles and higher electric bill, oh, and
               | watching your content at a lower bit rate and resolution.
               | I'll just stream the large media as is at full quality
               | without compromise.
               | 
               | You have to work really really very hard to get Apache
               | not to _just work,_ and it takes a slashdot-level event
               | to get it to stop working.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, whatever thing you bought will be abandonware
               | in less than 2 years. And chances are about equal your
               | thing is just running a crappy wrapper and gui for Apache
               | anyway. So the business end of your thing is probably
               | free, yet you paid for it anyway.
        
               | TurkTurkleton wrote:
               | I feel like you're intentionally missing the point.
               | 
               | Your "dump all your videos into a big directory and
               | Ctrl-F the Apache directory index" workflow will
               | necessarily limit you to watching on devices that can
               | navigate to arbitrary URLs and play videos from them.
               | This will, in most cases, limit you to a computer (built-
               | in browsers in "smart" devices, be they TVs, consoles, or
               | purpose-built streaming boxes, will often play videos
               | only grudgingly), and I don't know about you, but I don't
               | want to sit and watch TV episodes or an entire movie at
               | my computer desk with its relatively tiny monitor and
               | relatively shitty speakers. I want to watch them on my
               | big TV with the fancy sound system in the living room. So
               | what would you suggest for this use case? Connect my
               | computer to the TV? OK, great, but the video card won't
               | output surround sound over HDMI, so now I have to futz
               | with a bunch of other connections if I want more than
               | just stereo sound. And once that that's sorted, how am I
               | supposed to pause the movie when I have to get up to
               | piss, because the TV remote can't control my computer?
               | 
               | > Apache will stream your stupid 75GB BluRay files
               | without any need to re-encode, so long as the client
               | device can decode it, even across a 10kbit connection, so
               | you go ahead and enjoy your wasted processor cycles and
               | higher electric bill.
               | 
               | Again, missing the point. Yes, Apache will happily squirt
               | those bytes at whatever requests them, but that will not
               | produce an enjoyable user experience (i.e., one where I
               | can WATCH THE FUCKING MOVIE) over a sufficiently slow
               | connection, and I'm not going to re-encode _every file I
               | have_ at a low bitrate on the off chance I want to watch
               | it away from home.
               | 
               | > Meanwhile, whatever thing you bought will be
               | abandonware in less than 2 years. And chances are about
               | equal your thing is just running a crappy wrapper and gui
               | for Apache anyway.
               | 
               | My Apple TV HD in my bedroom is still receiving updates
               | seven years after it was originally released. The Apple
               | TV 4K in the living room is still receiving updates five
               | years after it was originally released. I run Plex to
               | stream my local media to local (and my own remote)
               | clients, and it is still actively maintained after 14
               | years--and if if Plex, Inc. should go under, there are
               | plenty of alternatives that won't necessitate me
               | regressing back to a computer connected to the TV.
        
               | Maursault wrote:
        
               | TurkTurkleton wrote:
               | Dude. I get it. It's HTTP all the way down. I know that;
               | I'm a professional software developer and have been Into
               | Computers since I was old enough to read. That's also how
               | I know that "just dump your video files into a directory
               | and let Apache serve them and watch them on a computer"--
               | or, yes, "just connect your computer with the directory
               | full of video files directly to the TV"--is a shitty user
               | experience, which is the point you seem bound and
               | determined not to concede, since you are instead laser-
               | focusing on the literal reading of statements like "I'm
               | not going to re-encode every single video file I have on
               | the off chance I want to watch them away from home"
               | (obviously I meant I'm not going to do that AHEAD OF TIME
               | versus letting my Plex server do it on-demand and stream
               | it to me when I'm using a device not on my local
               | network), or splitting hairs about binaural hearing and
               | the utility of surround sound.
               | 
               | In any case, I yield; you have Won the Conversation;
               | congratulations. I'd give you a gold star, but I don't
               | think HN allows emoji in comments.
        
               | Maursault wrote:
               | > It's HTTP all the way down.
               | 
               | Well said, and succinctly.
               | 
               | Whatever works for you. If you have some aversion to
               | hotlinked directory listings and need to see a glitzed up
               | array of tiny movie posters, go with God. I'm glad your
               | stuff works, if it does, and I cry with you if it
               | doesn't.
        
         | turtlebits wrote:
         | I just put all my media in S3. Local minio and cloud (w/
         | presigned urls). Small web app to provide any organization
         | required, with a URL handler to open VLC / music player app.
        
       | thenthenthen wrote:
       | I used to host my blog from jailbroken iphone 4s via wifi, worked
       | great, no issues with power outages also ;p
        
       | rusteh1 wrote:
       | I'm using an Acer laptop that must be 15 years old for pfsense,
       | never misses a beat, built in UPS! I've got a second laptop, a
       | MacBook air from 2012 running a bunch of containers for Plex,
       | hassio, etc. Works fine. I've got it all in a 19" rack I built
       | out of wood. World's cheapest homelab. Haven't changed it in
       | years.
        
         | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
         | funny that i have been trying to get my solar inverter data
         | into homeassistant and i have already burned through 3
         | Raspberry pi 3b+ for some reason. i do not know is it because
         | of a bad rs-232 to usb cable or because i am using a mobile
         | charger to run the pi itself. i have a 2b but the wifi signal
         | isnt great on the usb dongle so for the time being nothing is
         | working. i do not want to use a full desktop/laptop because of
         | power considerations
        
           | rusteh1 wrote:
           | Ha, I did have hassio running on a pi, but it killed the SD
           | card twice. Apparently a common issue just due to to the
           | volume of writes...
        
             | e3bc54b2 wrote:
             | People should really stop using SD cards for anything
             | halfway important with Pi's. They are proven again and
             | again to be just ticking time bombs. With new Pi being able
             | to boot from USB just fine, get an SSD even if it costs
             | more.
        
       | jasfi wrote:
       | The biggest performance factor I've seen is sufficient SSD
       | storage, even on older computers.
        
       | merpkz wrote:
       | I used to run my old laptop from ~2008 with intel P8600 CPU, 4GB
       | RAM and two cheapest kingston 120GB SSDs in RAID0 for postgresql
       | dev work. Main reason was that I didn't want to bog my main
       | desktop when re-ingesting large data sets and then indexing or
       | updating it. Worked very well even though it had SATA II, guess
       | random I/O on SSD is no issue even for older hardware. Needless
       | to say it beat my main desktops uptime because of having battery
       | working as a great UPS. And it could always display htop/iotop on
       | it's display as a nice indication that something was being worked
       | on. Reusing old hardware is cool.
        
       | JamesBaxter wrote:
       | I've used laptops for this purpose in the past but I always
       | disliked having my HDDs connected over USB. I was concerned that
       | all my storage felt like it was active all the time even when not
       | being accessed, I was always concerned my drives would burn out
       | faster but I never had any data to back it up.
        
         | doubled112 wrote:
         | Some parts of an HDD will burn out faster being power cycled
         | frequently than just staying on and at a constant temperature.
        
       | zikduruqe wrote:
       | https://hackaday.com/2012/11/02/laptop-motherboard-reborn-as...
       | 
       | I ran a Dell D630 for a number of years without issue.
        
         | yokoprime wrote:
         | I ran a D620 24/7 as a server from 2010-ish to 2019. For some
         | messed up reason i loaded it with Windows server 2008R2 or some
         | crap like that. Never bothered to re-provision it. When I
         | eventually replaced it with 2 rPIs, the closet where it lived
         | dropped quite a bit in temperature.
        
       | mcovalt wrote:
       | > I was able to work around most of the cooling-related issues by
       | mounting the laptop vertically...
       | 
       | Have you happened to measure the thermal difference vertically
       | mounting your laptop? I also vertically mounted my home server
       | laptop for the same reasons, but noticed the fans seemed much
       | louder so I returned it to be horizontal like normal. It's as if
       | they were designed so that the horizontal surface acts to
       | attenuate their high-frequency sounds. It's still annoying, but
       | less so. I'm wondering if going vertical again, but throttling
       | the CPU as you've done is the way to go.
        
       | D13Fd wrote:
       | I ran a Debian web / webdav server for 12+ years on a 2007 Asus
       | netbook. It worked flawlessly the whole time.
       | 
       | I only gave it up because I wanted something faster than the
       | 100mbps ethernet and I had other computers lying around. Shortly
       | thereafter, I wound up switching to a cloud provider.
        
       | windowsrookie wrote:
       | I've been using a 2007 17" MacBook Pro as my main machine at my
       | desk for the last couple weeks. Honestly it's great. The 17"
       | screen is still bright and high enough resolution for me
       | (1920x1200), the CPU is perfectly fine for web browsing and some
       | light VS Code (2.5GHZ Core 2 Duo). I have Mac OS 10.13 on it
       | which is still supported and receiving updates by every App I
       | use. The keyboard on these old MacBook Pros is fantastic as well.
       | 
       | I even loaded up Final Cut and dropped in some 1080p h.264
       | footage and it edits it just fine.
       | 
       | I think the one good thing about Intel's CPU monopoly for all
       | those years is that these old machines are still powerful enough
       | today. That is likely going to change now that CPUs are getting
       | significant performance boost every year again. A dual core CPU
       | that is usable today I suspect will be unbearably slow for the
       | web in ~5 years.
        
         | incanus77 wrote:
         | Same here, but with a 2009 17". And I run Zorin OS (Linux) on
         | it just out of simplicity and overhead since I'm not really
         | using it graphically. It was my main work machine for years and
         | still plugs along just fine.
        
         | jason0597 wrote:
         | > A dual core CPU that is usable today I suspect will be
         | unbearably slow for the web in ~5 years.
         | 
         | I will go out and say that it's not CPUs which are ageing
         | poorly, it's the web that is getting too bloated for everyone.
         | Hacker news is the signature example of how much utility you
         | can get out of simple HTML/CSS. I really see little need for
         | the behemoths that are Facebook's and Twitter's modern
         | interfaces (which in turn make old laptops feel slow, even when
         | they're not).
        
           | digitallyfree wrote:
           | Most of those web devs have fast workstations and fiber, so
           | the sites feel responsive to them in testing. It's easy (but
           | incorrect) to assume that your site will run well for
           | everyone if it runs well in your environment.
        
         | extra88 wrote:
         | > 2007 17" MacBook Pro
         | 
         | >I have Mac OS 10.13
         | 
         | How? Apple officially supports macOS High Sierra (10.13) on Mid
         | 2010 or newer MacBook Pros. Even this patcher [0] to install it
         | on older machines only supports 2008 and newer Macs.
         | 
         | [0] http://dosdude1.com/highsierra/
        
           | windowsrookie wrote:
           | http://dosdude1.com/highsierra/
           | 
           | With that patch. Runs fantastic just like it would had Apple
           | allowed it.
           | 
           | oops, my MacBook Pro is an early 2008. I listed a 2007 model
           | for sale on eBay this morning and just mixed them up.
           | Sometimes my brain is on autopilot.
           | 
           | [Edit] I will add that 2007 models support Mac OS 10.11 and
           | every app I use except for Firefox still supports 10.11.
           | (chrome still supports 10.11 tho)
        
       | ivanmontillam wrote:
       | Yes, it is viable, I have a Lenovo 3000 N100 (2007) still running
       | as a VPN Server, while I am overseas since 3 years ago. A non-
       | tech person living in that house turns it on for me every once in
       | a while, as I have not configured any Wake-on-LAN or similar. The
       | only new internal parts are the 2Gb of RAM sticks and SSD.
       | 
       | It runs CentOS 7, installed well before Red Hat did the CentOS
       | Stream thing. It has a ZTE MF667 GSM USB modem I use to receive
       | SMSes for 2FA that local banks still use.
       | 
       | It doesn't have any desktop environment, therefore I only use it
       | via SSH. It updates its own IP address via a free subdomain on
       | freedns.afraid.org using a cron job.
       | 
       | EDIT: Typo.
        
       | ineedasername wrote:
       | I have a similarly spec'ed mini ITX desktop from the same proc
       | generation-- it's an i3 instead of an i5 mobile proc but roughly
       | the same capabilities. I'm sure it sips a bit more power than the
       | laptop but it works fine as a home server.
       | 
       | I'm always a bit surprised by that old machine. It has a slightly
       | above mid-range GPU from that time period and the thing can still
       | play newer games-- at 720p, with low to mid settings without much
       | of an issue. It's certainly not setting any records but for a 10
       | year old machine... it just tells me that we reached a point some
       | years ago where hardware capabilities were just fine for a wide
       | range oF normal activities, and that unless someone is using a
       | machine for gaming, large data sets, or compiling lots of code
       | then they'd probably ne just fine with a reasonably spec'ed 10
       | year old system.
       | 
       | Most of the time that I'm called on to deal with a supposedly
       | aging 3-year old computer for a family member that's slowed down
       | a bit it has nothing to do with the hardware getting old. Most of
       | the time it's accumulated crap running on startup combined with
       | having purchased the computer that had the highest # attached to
       | storage (ooh 2TB I'll never use!) instead of a snappy 512GB SSD.
        
         | chasil wrote:
         | OpenBSD will disable all but the first thread on any Intel
         | processor by default. I'm assuming that an Intel i5-3320M (2
         | cores 4 threads) is too old to have microcode updates
         | addressing the Spectre exploits (Meltdown, Foreshadow, Fallout,
         | Zombieload, RIDL etc.), and disabling SMT/HT might be the most
         | secure thing to do by default.
         | 
         | This script produces a good assessment of Spectre problems for
         | a wide variety of CPUs. I know that they are difficult to
         | exploit, and the mitigations are disabled by many because of
         | their performance impact.
         | 
         | https://github.com/speed47/spectre-meltdown-checker
        
       | squarefoot wrote:
       | Thinkpads are my laptops of choice (writing this on my X240) but
       | I'd never use any any laptop as a home server: if something
       | breaks there are no spare parts, no PSUs to repair or cards to
       | add for more functionality (I simply don't trust USB for disks)
       | or swap etc, and the whole machine is not intended to be kept on
       | 24/7 (think about the fan wearing, not just the CPU). I could
       | only understand if one need to serve files in a emergency
       | situation, and I did exactly that many years ago when we had to
       | service a server which died without notice at one workplace where
       | downtimes were not an option, so I copied all their documents on
       | my mini laptop -Fujitsu Siemens Lifebook P7010, a netbook sized
       | marvel well before the word netbook was invented- which became
       | the file server with Samba for almost two full days until the
       | server came up and I restored their modified files back.
       | 
       | Building a home server from scratch isn't that hard nor
       | expensive; I made mine around a Atom Mini-ITX board that despite
       | only 4GB RAM and fairly weak CPU does its job managing two ZFS
       | mirrors under XigmaNAS (.org). On the ARM side, there are some
       | other interesting products such as the Rock Pi 4 and associated
       | Penta SATA Hat at radxa.com. I hope also someone will one day
       | take on development of the Helios 64 platform at kobol.io. They
       | ceased development last summer but the hardware, albeit not yet
       | stable, was very promising.
       | 
       | Old laptops still have uses for media playing, test machines, or
       | lab instrumentation though; a decent audio card can turn any old
       | laptop into a low frequency spectrum analyzer through Jaaa
       | (http://kokkinizita.linuxaudio.org/linuxaudio/), etc.
        
         | tredre3 wrote:
         | > if something breaks there are no spare parts, no PSUs to
         | repair or cards to add for more functionality (I simply don't
         | trust USB for disks) or swap etc, and the whole machine is not
         | intended to be kept on 24/7 (think about the fan wearing, not
         | just the CPU).
         | 
         | I've used x220 and x260 as home servers for years. In both
         | cases the fan is turned off when the machine is idle
         | (TPFanControl can even keep it off under light load). Both
         | machines have two internal storage devices (mSATA + 2.5" and
         | m.2 + 2.5" respectively). Both have gigabit Ethernet. Both can
         | support external SATA storage (via ExpressCard and mini PCIe
         | respectively). Both have battery drivers that allows them to be
         | discharged periodically while being plugged in.
         | 
         | Many laptops out there are indeed poor home servers, but the
         | x2XX line certainly isn't.
        
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