[HN Gopher] We raised $100M for open and collaborative machine l...
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       We raised $100M for open and collaborative machine learning
        
       Author : minimaxir
       Score  : 154 points
       Date   : 2022-05-09 13:56 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (huggingface.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (huggingface.co)
        
       | kolbe wrote:
       | Getting that kind of raise in the current environment is a huge
       | accomplishment. Congratulations.
        
       | orangepurple wrote:
       | What is this?
       | 
       | Question: _________ is just an attention mechanism
       | 
       | Answer: Huggingface
       | 
       | https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2020/0...
        
       | orangepurple wrote:
       | The brand name only makes me think of Half Life head crabs (they
       | hug the face). Maybe that's the joke on us.
        
         | UnpossibleJim wrote:
         | Oh, I went straight to Alien.
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | Same. They're literally face huggers
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | It comes from the emoji[1], but I always think of Boaty
         | McBoatface[2]
         | 
         | [1] https://emojipedia.org/hugging-face/ [2]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RRS_Sir_David_Attenborough#Nam...
        
       | ushakov wrote:
       | how will you earn that money back to the investors?
        
         | orangepurple wrote:
         | Looks like they are selling a chat bot to Monzo and allegedly
         | Bing uses them for search?!
        
         | w1nk wrote:
         | So this question can only come from a place where you have no
         | idea what they do in their field. For every news article or
         | arxiv post that you see talking about how this amazing new
         | GPT-N model has broken all sorts of language benchmark scores,
         | you'll notice that basically nobody can reproduce those
         | results. That's mostly due to the barrier of entry with respect
         | to hardware for training the models.
         | 
         | Huggingface is releasing APIs and model checkpoints that allow
         | any random internet user to execute (almost) SOTA language
         | models in production. FYI - that's an amazing leap forward and
         | a strong piece of kit for MLEs to have access to.
         | 
         | So let me rephrase your question: Is general access to SOTA
         | language models worth 100mm to the software market?
         | 
         | I suspect the answer is a resounding yes.
        
           | jollybean wrote:
           | So this answer can only come from a place where you have no
           | idea how business works.
           | 
           | There's a gaping difference between 'value creation' and
           | 'value capture'.
           | 
           | Some products create incredible value for many parties, but
           | don't have an easy way to capture value.
           | 
           | Some products create negative value for the system, but are
           | oriented towards capturing a lot of money.
           | 
           | Wikipedia, Web Browsers a lot of Open Source libs. - examples
           | of the kinds of things that can be invaluable, but whereupon
           | it's difficult to capture value.
        
           | linspace wrote:
           | It's a completely different thing to produce something of
           | value and to get paid for it. There are plenty of examples.
           | Immediately come to mind operating systems or compilers. Or a
           | lot of completely underfunded but fundamental open source
           | tools that everybody uses but nobody pays.
        
           | karpierz wrote:
           | > So let me rephrase your question: Is general access to SOTA
           | language models worth 100mm to the software market?
           | 
           | That doesn't answer the original question. The question was:
           | 
           | "How will you extract $100M+ from the software market?"
           | 
           | Your answer was:
           | 
           | "I think that Huggingface will produce $100M worth of value."
           | 
           | Which may or may not be true, but just because something
           | produces X amount of value doesn't mean the project will be
           | able to extract that value. See any open source project.
        
             | w1nk wrote:
             | So if you want someone to answer precisely how they'll
             | extract hundreds of millions of dollars from an emerging
             | market, I have to imagine this isn't the correct forum to
             | expect such answers.
             | 
             | Enabling the general software community access to SOTA
             | language models will absolutely unlock an order of
             | magnitude more money (than 100mm) over time. At least for
             | now their obvious strategy for capturing this value is
             | providing these APIs to enable it, and I suspect they'll
             | gladly host such versions for the orgs that don't have the
             | capacity to fine tune / host their own LLMs.
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | > So if you want someone to answer precisely how they'll
               | extract hundreds of millions of dollars from an emerging
               | market, I have to imagine this isn't the correct forum to
               | expect such answers.
               | 
               | I don't think the idea is to get a precise answer. I
               | think the idea is to answer what their business model is.
               | Like will they sell subscriptions? Or ads? Or patronage?
               | Or enterprise support? Or conferences? Or what.
               | 
               | I don't use huggingface, but am a little familiar with
               | them and think they are a great group with great
               | software. But since it's OSS, I'm not sure how they would
               | make such a huge amount as $100M. Not to mention that
               | they probably need to make much more than that to have
               | happy investors. So there's probably a $1-2B plan for
               | making money somewhere and knowing the general idea for
               | their business model would be cool.
               | 
               | I'm a bit bitter over what happened with OpenAI, and many
               | other great opensource projects that turned into crappy
               | companies boxed into making way more than they naturally
               | could make (eg, elastic).
        
               | karpierz wrote:
               | Let me try to make the point clearer:
               | 
               | 1. Investors expect Huggingface to extract more than
               | $100M from the market. Otherwise they'd be called
               | 'donors'.
               | 
               | 2. If they openly publish models, then their APIs will be
               | undercut by other providers who can take the published
               | model and host it for cheaper. It would be cheaper for
               | other companies because: they don't need to pay the cost
               | of training the model, and they can specialize in simply
               | hosting models.
               | 
               | 3. Because of 2), Huggingface would need to avoid
               | allowing other companies to host models, including
               | internal APIs (because then providers would simply spin
               | up to making hosting those internal APIs easy).
               | 
               | 4) Because of 3), their policy of publishing trained
               | models openly has to change.
               | 
               | So the question that the original poster was asking is:
               | what Huggingface policies will change, given the need to
               | make returns on this investment?
               | 
               | The original poster is likely thinking of OpenAI, which
               | went down a similar route (starting training open models,
               | took in a bunch of money, realized that openly publishing
               | them wasn't sustainable, kept the models secret and
               | created locked down APIs for accessing them).
               | 
               | > So if you want someone to answer precisely how they'll
               | extract hundreds of millions of dollars from an emerging
               | market, I have to imagine this isn't the correct forum to
               | expect such answers.
               | 
               | This market isn't new; Google, AWS, OpenAI, etc. all have
               | APIs they charge for. They also have services to host
               | trained models for you. How will Huggingface make money
               | without resorting to hiding its models?
        
               | joshcryer wrote:
               | Hugging Face is selling CPU cycles. They're also letting
               | you upload your own datasets that aren't "limited" like
               | others. I'm not quite sure where you think their approach
               | of "open models" is wrong, they _still_ sell the CPU
               | cycles.
               | 
               | The idea that restricting access to the data is the only
               | way to profit is such an archaic way of thinking. Hugging
               | Face, if they keep making a good user interface and a
               | good front end, will very much be able to fill the niche
               | it is designed for: people who can't afford a $10-20k rig
               | to run a model but who need to run it for their backend
               | project.
               | 
               | Also, it may be due to using HN, but when I think of
               | "where can I run a model" or "get a dataset" I think
               | Hugging Face. They are leveraging the democratization of
               | the data.
        
               | karpierz wrote:
               | Thanks for clarifying, I misunderstood what Huggingface's
               | product was.
               | 
               | I see the niche. The risks are:
               | 
               | - the mid market is constantly churning; either players
               | become too big and you can't meet their requirements or
               | they go bankrupt. Customer acquisition becomes a pretty
               | big expense.
               | 
               | - selling CPU cycles is a cutthroat business which
               | competes pretty directly with AWS, Azure, and Google
               | Cloud. Their edge will likely be ease of use, but at some
               | scale, the larger providers will be able to undercut them
               | hard.
               | 
               | - selling a solution for managing datasets and training
               | models using cloud CPUs is a crowded market.
               | 
               | - not sure how trustworthy the company is with private
               | datasets. Easier to trust an established vendor.
               | 
               | But it wouldn't be a startup if there weren't risks.
        
               | jollybean wrote:
               | "This market isn't new; Google, AWS, OpenAI, etc. all
               | have APIs they charge for."
               | 
               | And if they were standalone businesses they'd be losing
               | money, it's neither a big nor profitable market.
               | 
               | When the business model for a project is not 'really
               | obvious' it's usually a bad sign.
               | 
               | AirBnB, Uber, Stripe etc. - 'how' they make money is
               | obvious, it's intrinsic to the product.
        
               | skdotdan wrote:
               | I don't think OpenAI is a valid comparison. Huggingface's
               | mission, unlike in the case of OpenAI, is not training
               | models, but being the standard service for sharing them.
               | The vast majority of models and datasets available at the
               | Huggingface Hub have been provided by third-party
               | companies or researchers. They aim to be the Github of ML
               | models and data, not an AI-building startup.
        
               | k8si wrote:
               | Yep - "Huggingface Enterprise" just like there's "Github
               | Enterprise" seems like a straightforward way to make
               | money, at least to me? Does Microsoft make good money
               | from Github Enterprise?
        
             | k8si wrote:
             | It's expensive to hire NLP labor right now, and has been
             | for awhile. Seems like one strategy could be: HF provides a
             | cheaper & more scalable alternative to having to hire an
             | in-house NLP team. Basically NLP becomes synonymous with
             | HF.
             | 
             | And they amortize the cost of hiring their own NLP
             | engineers by developing a few models/model-based services
             | that lots of businesses would be willing to pay for. E.g.
             | 'foundation models' for different verticals like healthcare
             | etc. Then it'll also be a lot easier to either fully
             | automate or at least scale up work that's specific to each
             | paying customer (because fine-tuning should go much more
             | quickly, just essentially be a hyperparameter tuning cycle
             | in as many cases as they can get away with).
        
         | Areibman wrote:
         | Since everyone seems to be avoiding direct answers, I have a
         | few ideas:
         | 
         | 1. Open source the free, lower quality models (I.e. fewer
         | epochs trained) but sell perpetual licenses to higher quality
         | ones.
         | 
         | 2. API access to high quality pre-trained models. Similar to
         | OpenAI, but code would be open source.
         | 
         | 3. Licensed access to a Databricks/Collab-esque style
         | development environment. Jupyter is great, but once they
         | establish a big enough community and enough killer features,
         | they could adopt paying users.
         | 
         | 4. ML Ops infrastructure as a service for enterprise
         | 
         | 5. Consulting
        
           | option wrote:
           | 4 alone is obviously a 1B+ business in the next 5 years
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | I think that anyone will have a hard time competing with
             | AWS and Azure in this space (although it will be a $1B+
             | business).
        
           | joshcryer wrote:
           | One of the draws to use Hugging Face is _because_ the open
           | source community is giving those trained models away. What
           | they are doing is permitting people to _use_ those models
           | affordably (something like a million words would be $10 if I
           | recall correctly, you need to spend $10k minimum to run GPT-
           | Neo-x in your bedroom just to print out one prompt).
           | 
           | I'm not saying these are bad ideas but they need to more
           | focus on their friendly front end and clean API access. There
           | will be a DALL-E 2-Neo-x in a few months. People are going to
           | want to run it without being limited by OpenAI's terrible
           | interface.
        
       | m_ke wrote:
       | Wish them luck but having gone through something similar with
       | another deep learning company that raised a ton of money, things
       | will probably get a lot harder for them after the C round when
       | investors start looking at revenue and not growth, and with a
       | large valuation that limits the pool of potential acquirers.
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | Interesting you mentioned revenue and not net income / profits.
         | How are revenue and growth detached?
        
           | m_ke wrote:
           | A lot of companies use other metrics to show growth, like
           | github stars and package downloads
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | I recently searched through the ML companies listed on
         | https://topstartups.io/.
         | 
         | One repeating pattern that surprised me is that there are few
         | successful ML startups, the ones that are there don't seem to
         | be remotely close to self-sustaining - or even product market
         | fit in many cases.
         | 
         | Why is ML such a struggle? are we overstating the impact
         | relative to "old fashioned" data collection and analytics? Is
         | the tech to expensive for companies to adopt in terms of man
         | hours?
        
           | joshcryer wrote:
           | A lot of people come up with an idea and then have no
           | product. And investors are just happy to throw money at them.
           | It's that whole idea that if you want to start an AI company,
           | hire a bunch of people in India to do your work, then once
           | the funding round is done, actually build the system.
           | 
           | Hugging Face actually has a product and I think they'll be
           | fine. I actually think $100 million is undervalued, because
           | when I think "open models" or "training datasets" I think
           | "Hugging Face."
           | 
           | If you really want free money as an AI startup just say
           | you're going to solve safe / friendly AI. People throw money
           | at that without even showing anything. Hugging Face actually
           | recently put out a job for someone who can work in "bias
           | mitigation":
           | https://nitter.net/mmitchell_ai/status/1520483233132990464
        
       | mistrial9 wrote:
       | great - somewhere in your game plan, please recognize that not
       | everyone is going to use opaque, trained-elsewhere binary blobs
       | as base models; nor does everyone require CNN/DeepLearning to do
       | useful, real research or invention. Things like python skLearn,
       | an internally built supervised model or a few hundred of them;
       | analysis runs that are done without logging into a cloud with
       | AUTH linked to some records behind a closed glass door
       | somewhere..
       | 
       | If you are FAIR, then you let people try things without being
       | attached to you. agree?
        
         | k8si wrote:
         | You can turn off the part where it logs into the cloud and
         | insert your own logging backend fairly easily.
         | 
         | Also if your research/biz needs are satisfied by sklearn, then
         | why not just use sklearn? But for a lot of NLP systems, BERT is
         | actually really really useful. And if you don't want to use a
         | pretrained BERT, you can easily initialize their BERT
         | implementation randomly and train it on your own data.
        
         | adamsmith143 wrote:
         | >great - somewhere in your game plan, please recognize that not
         | everyone is going to use opaque, trained-elsewhere binary blobs
         | as base models; nor does everyone require CNN/DeepLearning to
         | do useful, real research or invention.
         | 
         | Shocking that a company focused on Deep Learning, NLP and CV
         | might focus their efforts on people who do Deep Learning, NLP
         | and CV??
        
       | minimaxir wrote:
       | Hugging Face is one of the few companies that recognizes that
       | creating good OSS (e.g. the transformers Python package) and
       | supporting that with managed services is better than focusing on
       | managed services primarily and having open source as a crippled
       | afterthought designed to drive people to said managed services.
       | 
       | An example is HF's push toward ONNX export support for their
       | major AI models in the transformers package, which allows faster
       | model inference and could theoretically compete with their
       | managed inference service.
        
       | bjourne wrote:
       | Congrats. I'm so jealous. Personally, I found Huggingface's
       | models clunky to work with and for me it was easier to build and
       | train my own. I really didn't like how they tried to make a
       | "unified api" and treat PyTorch, TensorFlow 2, etc as backends.
       | Though I realize that for those who are not adept in ml, or don't
       | have the need for much customization, using Huggingface's models
       | makes a lot of sense. No doubt they'll make themselves rich and
       | their investors even richer.
        
       | throwaway83242 wrote:
       | We tried huggingface.co with great hope recently. Unfortunately,
       | though their system was well orchestrated, we could not make
       | progress on baby steps.
       | 
       | We uploaded our model to github and then downloaded to hugging
       | face. Why the package installed correctly, it failed because
       | underlying Glibc headers were compiled with a version that is
       | different from Hugging face's. So, while the platform works for
       | some situations, it still has a long way to go.
        
       | axg11 wrote:
       | Congrats to the Huggingface team! They closed this round at a
       | great time. I except there will be much stronger pressure over
       | the next 18-24 months for them to show revenue growth.
        
       | fxtentacle wrote:
       | I don't get how they can earn those $100M back without becoming
       | significantly less open.
       | 
       | The gist of huggingface is that they host pre-trained open source
       | models for free. Anyone can download them and then use them
       | offline without HF. And their paid offerings aren't even close to
       | being cost competitive with buying a few 3090 workstations.
       | 
       | Also, HF doesn't really have any technical moat. Other people
       | research and train those models, they just provide the hosting.
       | In my opinion, their biggest value is the community. But how do
       | you monetize a group of motivated volunteers?
       | 
       | What stops GitHub from offering free LFS hosting for AI models,
       | thereby copying the foundation of HFs community?
       | 
       | And lastly, is there really much of a market in making SOTA AI
       | beginner-friendly? You still need to buy/rent that A100 GPU
       | server. Who's going to be greedy on salary for people operating a
       | $20k/month machinery?
        
         | skdotdan wrote:
         | The moat is network effects, not the hosting service. GitHub is
         | indeed a potential competitor but, again, you are just thinking
         | about the hosting, while Huggingface provides an API compatible
         | with all the uploaded models and datasets. GitHub would have to
         | create their own API and then hope that users would switch to
         | their service.
        
       | lvl102 wrote:
       | Huggingface + WandB are some of my favorite tools doing ML.
        
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       (page generated 2022-05-09 23:02 UTC)