[HN Gopher] Roland TR-808 Cowbell Rebuild
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       Roland TR-808 Cowbell Rebuild
        
       Author : herendin
       Score  : 156 points
       Date   : 2022-05-07 11:21 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.frisnit.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.frisnit.com)
        
       | the_only_law wrote:
       | always loved this sound. Too bad the obnoxiously caricaturized
       | underground Memphis/phonk revival abused it a bit much.
        
       | spacemadness wrote:
       | Cool project, fun writeup, and more cowbell. Personal pet peeve
       | warning--the components and wiring on the breadboard could use
       | some love. It's a bit of a mess with the long leads jammed into
       | the board. Clipping the leads down would clean it up a lot.
        
       | chriscjcj wrote:
       | It's difficult to overstate how pervasive the 808 cowbell was in
       | early hip-hop, funk, and R&B music during the 80's. To this day
       | it's a sound that pleasantly nostalgic and takes me right back to
       | my younger days.
       | 
       | Something I always wondered about: it seemed like not all 808
       | cowbells were exactly the same. Some seemed to nail a very in-
       | tune perfect fifth. While others were just shy of a perfect
       | fifth, giving more of a sour sound which I think was more common.
       | 
       | In Bar-Kays' "Sexomatic," the 808 cowbell's pitch raised up a
       | whole step to match the song's key, but it also sounds like a
       | very in-tune perfect fifth: (3:55)
       | https://youtu.be/rqWfERqQlk4?t=235
       | 
       | In 2 Live Crew's "Mr. Mixx On The Mix!!" the 808 cowbell has the
       | more sour sound: (3:19) https://youtu.be/yNiAYpd1f84?t=199
       | 
       | The bread board project was producing an interval that was just
       | shy of a perfect fifth, making it closer to 2 Live Crew's 808 in
       | my ears.
       | 
       | I always wondered if slight variations and and manufacturing
       | anomalies in the analog components accounted for this difference
       | or if something else going on. If OP is in this thread, I'd love
       | to hear your opinion and conjecture on this. (And I'd also like
       | to thank you for the GREAT write-up and YouTube clip. LOVED
       | this.)
        
         | tiahura wrote:
         | I think yours may be the first HN post linking The 2 Live Crew.
         | And, indeed, Mr. Mixx is way way under appreciated.
        
         | tlb wrote:
         | The schematic in the article shows trimpots controlling the 2
         | frequencies, so it was probably adjustable with a screwdriver.
        
           | chriscjcj wrote:
           | You are right!
           | 
           | 4:52
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/rPOqYHMpvqY?t=292
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | Some of the 808's instruments/parts have trimmers, as mentioned
         | below.
         | 
         | But generally for analog, component tolerances are either 1, 5,
         | or 10%. 1% is pretty audible on oscillators, and 10% is pretty
         | audible on filters.
         | 
         | So each instance of an untrimmed analog synth and drum machine
         | will sound slightly different, even if they're coming off the
         | same production line and using the same circuitry.
         | 
         | Component values also drift over time, so a contemporary 808 is
         | not going to sound the same as it did when it was shipped in
         | the 80s.
         | 
         | Basically analog's inaccuracies add character, detail, and
         | interesting distortion. You can emulate them digitally, but
         | emulating _all_ of them accurately and convincingly is really
         | quite hard.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | I understand temperature affects the frequency of some
           | oscillators as well. Is that a possible explanation as well?
           | (I assume for crystal-based oscillators that would not be the
           | case, but for musical/analog oscillators I assume these are
           | not crystal derived).
        
             | stephlow wrote:
             | This is correct. I have a couple of analog oscillators in
             | my modular rack and the case needs to heat up for a couple
             | of minutes before they generate a stable pitch. Not
             | familiar with the exact reasons to be honest.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | Basically all components have temperature dependent
               | values
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | TVs and CRT monitors were common to change the shape and
               | color of the picture as it got to temp. You never made
               | critical color decisions on a monitor that hadn't been on
               | for at least 15 minutes, preferably 30.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | Higher quality equipment that needs a stable timebase
               | will use ovenized oscillators with an integrated heater
               | and a control loop to maintain a stable temperature.
               | These are all inaccurate before they are up to operating
               | temperature.
        
             | kennywinker wrote:
             | Most analog gear has SOME type of temperature control.
             | Tempco resistors (low resistance change with temperature),
             | thermisters (couple a positive response to a negative
             | response to cancel out) or other techniques (e.g. heaters -
             | get the circuit up to max temp asap and keep it there).
             | 
             | But none of that prevents temperature differences, they
             | just control for them. And you wouldn't use temp control
             | everywhere - just where it'd effect the sound dramatically
             | i.e. keeping your main voice oscillators in tune, not
             | keeping your cowbell at a precise frequency
        
         | S_A_P wrote:
         | I've owned a few 808s and sampled all of them. They were indeed
         | all different sounding. The cowbells are one exception and
         | sounded more like the 2 Live Crew example. Most of the
         | variation was in the hi hat and cymbals. Which IIRC is 6 square
         | waves and a noise source.
        
           | chriscjcj wrote:
           | Very interesting! Thank you! I did a little looking and found
           | this FWIW...
           | 
           | I noticed in OP's post that the two frequencies for the
           | cowbell are 540hz and 800hz (although I don't see where this
           | is denoted on the original schematics.) But we'll assume
           | they're accurate numbers.
           | 
           | While a perfect fifth is a difference of 7 semitones, this
           | produces a difference of only 6.804 semitones. It would seem
           | that its designers didn't have a perfect fifth in mind.
           | 
           | Also, 540Hz is C#5 -45 cents and 800Hz is G5 +35 cents. So
           | neither note seems intended to correspond to any natural key.
        
             | smoyer wrote:
             | In the original circuit,the same RC network is used for
             | both the attack and decay so that circuit will indeed
             | produce a 1:1 mark:space ratio.
        
               | JKCalhoun wrote:
               | Curious about the term "1:1 mark:space ratio" since it
               | was also in the article. I would have used the term "50%
               | duty cycle".
        
               | smoyer wrote:
               | I purposely repeated the OP's wording but since we're
               | talking about an astable multivibrator,frequency and duty
               | cycle (in percent) makes sense. I did a lot of circuit
               | design for communications systems and I associate the
               | words mark and space with ones and zeroes in a
               | frame/word.
        
               | JKCalhoun wrote:
               | I wondered if it was an English (not American) phrasing.
        
             | dahart wrote:
             | > While a perfect fifth is a difference of 7 semitones,
             | this produces a difference of only 6.804 semitones. It
             | would seem that its designers didn't have a perfect fifth
             | in mind.
             | 
             | Remember that 7 semitones is not a _perfect_ fifth. (Note
             | this depends on your definition of perfect fifth, some
             | people allow for being close, since equal temperament is so
             | common.)
             | 
             | While a perfect fifth is a 3:2 ratio of frequency, seven
             | semitones isn't exactly 1.5, it's more like 1.498.
             | 
             | 800/540 is ~ 1.48, so I definitely agree the designers
             | weren't going for a fifth, very likely they wanted some
             | beat interference to give it a nice metallic warble.
        
             | max-m wrote:
             | One of the diagrams shows the frequencies as 1.85ms and
             | 1.25ms, 540.5 and 800 Hz respectively.
        
         | Bjartr wrote:
         | The 808 in particular has an additional twist. The transistors
         | used in it were out-of-spec rejected parts as a cost savings
         | measure. So recreations and repairs can have difficulty
         | recapturing the signature sound if they go only by part number.
         | 
         | https://secretlifeofsynthesizers.com/the-strange-heart-of-th...
        
       | maxekman wrote:
       | The CB808 eurorack module from Tiptop Audio is almost a perfect
       | replica I believe: https://tiptopaudio.com/808-2/#cb808
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | I love these deep-dive hardware projects ... best when they are
       | on a small thing like this one (so I'm not too overwhelmed).
       | 
       | Electronics + audio has always been my gateway like programming +
       | graphics (and lighting up an LED is "Hello World").
       | 
       | I don't imagine you could change the pitch of the cowbell on the
       | TR-808, but it sounds a little high pitched to my ear. I guess
       | though that in the era of the TR-808 people were pretty jazzed by
       | electronic percussive instruments that were even close.
        
       | martingoodson wrote:
       | Another 808 cowbell recreation and a lot more here:
       | https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/synthesizing-cowbell....
       | 
       | The whole series is a valuable guide to analog synthesis.
        
         | chriscjcj wrote:
         | It was really interesting to see how someone just used an
         | analog synth to recreate the 808 cowbell. Why not, right? In
         | the other post I made in this thread, I talk about differences
         | in 808 cowbells from song to song and wondered if
         | "manufacturing anomalies in the analog components accounted for
         | this difference."
         | 
         | It's quite possible that some producers weren't using an 808 at
         | all, but rather by using the methods described in your link,
         | created their own specially-tweaked 808 cowbells in order to
         | give it the exact sound they wanted.
        
       | hahamrfunnyguy wrote:
       | I'd argue that the 808 kick drum is the most iconic sound with
       | the cowbell being a close second. I do love that cowbell, though!
        
         | mrob wrote:
         | I think the kick is most iconic with producers and people into
         | electronic music, but the cowbell is most iconic with the
         | general public.
        
           | boredemployee wrote:
           | Marcellus Pittman - Chicago Nights
        
           | davidbarker wrote:
           | The cowbell instantly makes me think of Whitney Houston's "I
           | Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)".
           | 
           | https://soundcloud.com/40noisesthatbuiltpop/31-808-cowbell-w.
           | ..
        
             | uncletammy wrote:
             | After hearing the tone, I immediately thought the same
             | thing! Such a great song.
        
       | netik wrote:
       | great article but I would strongly argue the 808 Kick is more
       | distinctive than more cowbell.
        
         | the_only_law wrote:
         | More popular sure, but I'm not sure about distinctive. Almost
         | any trap song I listen to has the 808 kick but a cowbell
         | signifies a very specific subgenre/period (or at least and
         | attempt to replicate it) to me.
        
           | Lammy wrote:
           | > a cowbell signifies a very specific subgenre
           | 
           | The TR-909 kick carries this distinction as well as the basis
           | of gabber/hardstyle/etc: BAWHM BAWHM BAWHM BAWHM
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLv5x-yduHA
        
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       (page generated 2022-05-07 23:01 UTC)