[HN Gopher] Bored Ape virtual land sale breaks Ethereum
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       Bored Ape virtual land sale breaks Ethereum
        
       Author : danso
       Score  : 192 points
       Date   : 2022-05-02 21:18 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.vice.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.vice.com)
        
       | dralley wrote:
        
         | chef0 wrote:
        
       | deevolution wrote:
       | It's amazing how much people care how other people spend their
       | money. It's their money, if they want to spend it on ape pictures
       | so be it. Nothing to see here, move along.
        
         | zeusk wrote:
         | Because most of them down the line will shell their ponzi
         | assets to other unsuspecting general public in lure of
         | ludicrous returns.
        
       | jayd16 wrote:
       | So why did this need to be a gas war? Couldn't they have run the
       | sale such that a race isn't necessary, eg waiting longer for
       | transactions to complete?
       | 
       | What was the point?
        
       | dibujante wrote:
       | I don't really understand how a "$25 NFT with a $3300 transaction
       | fee" can exist. Isn't that a $3325 NFT? The purchaser was willing
       | to pay that.
       | 
       | It seems like the main difference is that the seller didn't
       | receive what the purchaser was willing to pay, creating a rather
       | unique dead-weight loss. Wouldn't it be better if the seller
       | received the additional $3300?
        
       | brutshucks wrote:
       | I look at these projects in amazement that anyone would waste
       | such significant amounts of time and money on them.
       | 
       | Cryptocurrency really is a cult isn't it.
        
       | SemanticStrengh wrote:
       | With that money I could have financed clinical trials with PNC-27
       | + thymalin and therefore solved cancer. I'm not even joking,
       | people don't have the erudition to realize it but it's true.
        
         | dqpb wrote:
         | The US has almost 1000 billionaires. Any one of them could
         | decide to mobilize researchers for this purpose, but instead
         | they have decided it's not worth doing that. In fact they have
         | decided it's not worth mobilizing anybody to do anything with
         | that extra money. Why?
        
           | SemanticStrengh wrote:
           | Ignorance and mediocrity have much more explanative power
           | than malice
        
       | bluedevil2k wrote:
       | "burned nearly $200 million worth of Ethereum"
       | 
       | I wouldn't say it was "wasted" - some people made a lot of money
       | out of it.
        
         | theptip wrote:
         | Right, "burned" suggests it was destroyed. Instead this was
         | paid to miners.
         | 
         | The service the miners are providing is auctioning off time-
         | slots in the network. This is load-shedding in action; if you
         | don't think your transaction is worth the fee, wait until the
         | network is less congested. (Sure, this is probably an
         | indictment of Ethereum-as-currency, but I don't think that's a
         | use-case that is seriously contemplated by most market
         | participants right now.)
         | 
         | Edit: this first part may be false, fees are apparently
         | actually burned now. Sorry.
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31241054#31241311
        
         | solveit wrote:
         | Also, it's not like Ethereum is a physical good that can be
         | destroyed. It's just a bookkeeping tool and what happened is
         | people trying to mint NFTs gave up their portion of the total
         | supply in exchange for having their transactions go first. The
         | "wasted" fees were in effect distributed equally to every other
         | ETH in existence.
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | Did ~$200 million dollars worth of electricity & hardware
         | depreciation get burnt as part of this land sale?
         | 
         | If so, I'd say that it's close to 'wasted', given that as I
         | understand, the only thing of value that has been _created_ is
         | only useful for financial speculation.
         | 
         | We're paying people to dig ditches, and then fill them. Just
         | because the ditchdiggers got paid doesn't mean their effort
         | isn't wasted!
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | Not going to comment on the specific claims here, but
           | "speculation" is often a useful activity if we care about
           | planning for the long-term and adequately allocating
           | resources.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | It is, if it actually results in useful, productive, real-
             | world work to be done more efficiently. I understand why
             | people may want to trade futures, or hedge against
             | instability in FOREX or interest rates, and how this spawns
             | a side-industry of derivatives traders and speculators,
             | etc, etc.
             | 
             | Unfortunately, the ratio of speculation to productive real-
             | world work done by the crypto space seems to be ~0,
             | compared to speculation in most of the real-world economy.
             | If all of these ICOs and NFTs were producing valuable goods
             | (food, medicine, shelter, widgets, entertainment[1]) left
             | and right, more efficiently than the traditional economy, I
             | wouldn't accuse the space of being purely speculative.
             | 
             | [1] Well, it does produce _some_ entertainment...
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Stablecoin adoption in the developing world seems to be
               | of value. Compensating artists and thus incentivizing
               | artwork seems probably good too.
               | 
               | But I'm not very familiar with the space as I've said.
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | I don't think the way it works is that every blockchain
           | transaction of value X requires an equivalent cost X
           | (denominated in USD) of electricity usage and hardware
           | depreciation.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | ... Right. Duh.
             | 
             | If this was simply a surprise pay-day for miners (as
             | opposed to the real cost of running the network), you are
             | right, in that extent. In that case, yes, from a
             | productivity & resource usage point of view, this wasn't a
             | waste of $200 million.
        
           | rglullis wrote:
           | No, it didn't. The amount of electricity doesn't increase
           | because of network congestion, and with Ethereum's mining
           | reward system, there is no incentive for miners to increase
           | their hash rate _just_ for high-congestion moments.
           | 
           | Lastly, these reports really need to stop denominating things
           | in USD. 64k ETH were burned, the dollar amount is not related
           | to it.
        
       | nootropicat wrote:
       | Fees rising isn't the same as 'breaking'. Also this was clearly
       | intentional marketing to promote their chain.
       | 
       | Fees would get that high on every single blockchain because the
       | mint price was below the empirical market price, leaving gas
       | prices as the only remaining market. The only difference is that
       | it would be over faster on something with more tps. That's why
       | it's obvious it was intentional.
        
         | amyjess wrote:
         | Most of the spike in gas prices here was caused by their
         | contract being horrendously un-optimized. If they had done even
         | basic optimization of their contract, gas prices would've been
         | a tiny fraction of what they were, and they would be orders of
         | magnitude smaller if they used ERC-721A. Here's an estimate of
         | what would have happened if they just optimized their damn
         | contract:
         | https://twitter.com/gioperalto/status/1520751524070187010
         | 
         | 919.96 ETH would have been saved if they optimized it and
         | stayed on ERC-721, and 39194.05 ETH would have been safed if
         | they also switched ot ERC-721A.
         | 
         | I'm convinced that Yuga is just technically incompetent. All of
         | the people I pay attention to in the crypto space are
         | _incensed_ by everything Yuga is doing here, from the un-
         | optimized contracts to blaming ETH for their own incompetence
         | to their pricing model that excludes everyone except for whales
         | who are already wealthy. The people I follow in the space are
         | small-time independent artists who use NFTs as a way to make a
         | living off their original art, and none of them are happy with
         | Yuga at all.
        
           | SemanticStrengh wrote:
           | What's preventing an actor from deliberately designing the
           | slowest or most resource intensive contracts in order to
           | break the system ?
        
             | WFHRenaissance wrote:
             | Consumers normally won't tolerate insane prices.
        
               | SemanticStrengh wrote:
               | Mistakes happens
        
             | runnerup wrote:
             | Inefficiency costs money. Every operation on the Ethereum
             | Virtual Machine costs "gas". They'd have to get someone to
             | pay for all that gas used.
             | 
             | Yuga is able to get people to pay because they have the top
             | "brand" in NFT's currently.
        
             | pshc wrote:
             | It's all limited by fees. Typically, users would see the
             | high fees and choose not to interact with the contract. It
             | seems during this sale, FOMO outstripped the incredibly
             | (negligently) high expense.
        
           | nootropicat wrote:
           | A more optimal contract would just mean it would happen
           | faster, with a higher gas price while the sale is ongoing.
           | 
           | I think this was also intentional - as a way to make the
           | congestion last longer.
        
             | CryptoPunk wrote:
             | With a more optimized contract, the same number of
             | transactions would have been submitted, and the aggregate
             | computational load would have been smaller, leading to less
             | congestion.
        
       | rglullis wrote:
       | No, Ethereum didn't "break", it worked _exactly as designed_.
       | 
       | No fees were "wasted". If people were willing to make a
       | transaction knowing that this was going to be the cost, it is a
       | reflection of people's time preferences.
        
         | akgoel wrote:
         | This isn't completely true. There are 2 types of gas fees - the
         | first is the type you are discussing. The 2nd is the inherent
         | fee of executing the smart contract. $100MM of the fees went to
         | contract execution, over half of which could have been avoided
         | with a more efficiently coded smart contract.
        
           | rglullis wrote:
           | If this is the type of discussion you'd like to have, one
           | could argue that they could've launched their NFTs on layer-2
           | systems like Loopring/Immutable and avoided _all_ of these
           | fees.
        
         | philipov wrote:
         | Transaction fees can change while you're in the middle of a
         | transaction that you initiated when the fees were lower, so no.
        
           | pabl8k wrote:
           | This isn't really true. You submit a transaction with a
           | maximum gas price. All wallets that I know of will show a
           | maximum transaction fee based on this before you submit the
           | transaction, and you can manually lock in any arbitrary gas
           | limit you would like. If gas prices suddenly go up right as
           | you submit your transaction (read: other network users outbid
           | you for use of the network), your transaction will stay
           | pending and either eventually process at the gas price
           | specified, or fail and you will pay either nothing or a
           | partial fee based on your maximum gas price * computation
           | steps used.
           | 
           | Gas is basically a means to ensure all computation on
           | ethereum halts.
        
           | rglullis wrote:
           | not since EIP-1155, no.
        
         | soared wrote:
         | A transaction for $25 that costs $3,000 to complete seems
         | pretty plainly broken. Imagine that happening with your credit
         | card.
        
           | fuddle wrote:
           | list price + tx fee = market price. Vitalik summed up up well
           | - https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/15206218132097843
           | 2...
        
           | nvahalik wrote:
           | Except that if you knew your CC transaction would cost that
           | much, you'd probably use a different card or use cash.
        
           | siftrics wrote:
           | Those who submitted the transactions _knew_ the transaction
           | fees before submitting.
           | 
           | They voluntarily and intentionally paid these fees.
           | 
           | This is not broken.
        
             | TameAntelope wrote:
             | Sorry, but nobody signed up for their transaction to fail,
             | this is a bullshit excuse.
             | 
             | > Besides high fees, the transaction load resulted in a
             | bottleneck that resulted in failed transactions that people
             | still had to pay fees for--now in the thousands of dollars
             | for nothing in return, not even an NFT.
        
               | nawgz wrote:
               | This same user is arguing that Crypto is justified
               | because it helps people in dictatorial or corrupt nations
               | protect their money.
               | 
               | I really can't stand this hypocrisy - "it's working as
               | intended to drop transactions even after charging
               | exorbitant transaction fees - by the way it also is
               | protecting impoverished people's money". You cannot tell
               | me this is a good-faith argument.
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | No one held a gun to their head and said "you have to bet
               | thousands of dollars of ETH."
               | 
               | If you want to move lots of money for the purposes of
               | escaping authoritarian regimes, there are other chains
               | which have extremely negligible transaction fees.
        
               | ChrisClark wrote:
               | They obviously did sign up for the transaction to 'fail'.
               | In this case, it just means others paid more for their
               | place in the line than they did.
               | 
               | They absolutely picked the price they were willing to pay
               | and lose, in the hopes it was more than the others trying
               | to get a place in line.
               | 
               | So yes, they absolutely knew their transaction could fail
               | if others paid more than them.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | "fail" here is not just being outbid, but still paying
               | most of the money you bid. That's not acceptable.
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | Yes they did. They knew that transaction failure is a
               | risk and they accounted for it.
               | 
               | I don't feel bad if they did not do their due diligence
               | before attempting to transfer thousands of dollars of
               | ETH.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | db_admin wrote:
               | Why are they [0] offering a return of the gas spent,
               | then?
               | 
               | [0]
               | https://twitter.com/yugalabs/status/1520612364839661568
        
               | tofuahdude wrote:
               | Marketing and brand.
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | Because it's profitable for Yuga Labs to do that? They're
               | a business making a business decision. They know users
               | are more likely to participate in the community in the
               | future if Yuga is willing to cover costs out-of-pocket.
               | 
               | Again, assess the risks yourself. Assume responsibility
               | for your own actions. Especially in an environment like
               | crypto today.
        
           | can16358p wrote:
           | It was intentional. They paid that amount to move in front of
           | others trying to get the same thing.
           | 
           | Something similar to starting to wait in line hours ago in
           | front of Apple Store to buy a new iPhone: you are sacrificing
           | something to get something that you think is more valuable
           | from what you've sacrificed, earlier than others, to avoid a
           | potential unavailability.
           | 
           | Yeah it looks ridiculous, but that was paid to get something
           | that might potentially be valued 1000x the current price (at
           | least, the buyer believes in so, which isn't impossible to be
           | fair) so that they will make more money than they've
           | "wasted".
        
             | m3kw9 wrote:
             | Customers shouldn't need to understand why suddenly the tx
             | fees are jack to high heavens. The UX is broken.
        
             | leshow wrote:
             | If this is the system working as intended, and you think
             | that is a good thing, then I don't think there is any way
             | to convince you otherwise.
             | 
             | To, on one hand, talk about helping the unbanked in Africa
             | while at the same time justifying thousand dollar fees as
             | "working as intended" is farcical.
        
               | rvz wrote:
               | > If this is the system working as intended, and you
               | think that is a good thing, then I don't think there is
               | any way to convince you otherwise.
               | 
               | They have just admitted that Ethereum is a millionaires
               | playground, and it isn't useful for the 98% of users. If
               | it wasn't a problem, why are many users complaining about
               | it?
               | 
               | Also, if a bunch of rich whales wanted to rush and mint
               | hundreds of JPEG apes or virtual land, that would mean
               | 98% of all transactions for wallets on the platform would
               | either fail or take their left over ETH to spend it all
               | on fees for a single transaction. That could be bots with
               | over >100k worth of ETH to snipe and mint these NFTs
               | quicker than most.
               | 
               | If that is _' working as intended'_ then they are also
               | saying that it is designed not to globally scale be
               | useful at all. If you wanted to send payments or buy
               | something at the supermarket store using a crypto debit
               | card with ETH, the unpredictable fees will make the
               | transaction fail or use up all your ETH for the fees;
               | paying thousands for a $10 purchase at the supermarket
               | which is wORKiNG aS iNTEndeD; even in the real world.
               | 
               | The banks are really scared and shaking in their boots
               | over Ethereum's absurd and unpredictable gas prices. /s
        
               | rglullis wrote:
               | The problem with your rant is that you are comparing
               | apples with oranges.
               | 
               | Ethereum's base layer is not meant to compete with credit
               | cards. Ethereum's base layer is not even meant to be a
               | bank.
               | 
               | If you want to compare with "credit cards", then you need
               | to look at the layer-2 systems, which (a) already exist
               | and (b) are cheaper than most credit card transactions
               | (cents on the dollar for Loopring) and (c) are just as
               | permissionless and accessible as the base layer.
               | 
               | The fact that a bunch of "rich whales" decided to play
               | with their money did not make the layer-2 systems less
               | secure or less efficient. Quite the opposite.
               | 
               | The _system_ is working as designed.
        
             | ajmurmann wrote:
             | Maybe a good comparison would be to high speed trading
             | companies who pay exorbitant rent to get their servers as
             | close to the stock market servers as possible and reduce
             | latency that way and get their orders in before others.
        
               | m3kw9 wrote:
               | In this case they understand what they are getting into,
               | here most Eth users will just be saying wtf
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | It's not the duty of anyone except myself to understand
               | the risks of my own actions.
        
               | canadaduane wrote:
               | This is a good maxim for oneself, but a poor one when
               | trying to understand or improve systems.
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | Such a great point! I wish more people embraced having
               | two philosophies. One for them as an individual and one
               | for policy making/discussion. E.g. I never want to myself
               | rely on the social safety net. Yet at the same time, I
               | want nobody, no matter how bad their decisions are to die
               | because their basic human needs like food and shelter
               | aren't met. I think a functioning society, especially a
               | democracy, requires these two mindsets from their
               | citizenry.
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | Honestly, I agree. It can both be true that 1) a system
               | could be improved so as to reduce harm to the average
               | user and 2) ultimately the users are responsible for
               | assessing risks before participating in the system.
               | 
               | The problem is as soon as you argue for (2) everyone
               | reacts like you're the most evil, heartless person on the
               | planet.
        
               | dvtrn wrote:
               | Because the system you're passionately defending via the
               | "personal responsibility" angle has so far demonstrably
               | shown itself to be susceptible to the same externalizes
               | of greed, avarice and "fuck you I got mine" misbehavior
               | as the current system and people are lining up in droves
               | to have their chance turning the grinder as long as it
               | means they get a ticket to the sweepstakes.
               | 
               | And the responses you're giving of "just be risk
               | aware/just read the source code/just know what you're
               | getting into" doesn't change that, doesn't educate the
               | people who probably and realistically _could_ benefit,
               | and it doesn 't change the fact that there is a _LOT_ of
               | obfuscation, misinformation and mishandling of trust
               | going on in order to separate people from their actual
               | fungible money.
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | I just feel like they're not incompatible. I think we can
               | help these people who get screwed without assigning the
               | costs to unknowing, unrelated passers-by.
        
               | dvtrn wrote:
               | I think we can too.
               | 
               | I just don't trust....90% of the people, platforms and
               | providers who claim that's what they're doing via crypto.
        
               | soared wrote:
               | Hope you don't use public transit, electricity, plumbing,
               | or breathe central air.
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | I don't understand how that contradicts what I said. I'm
               | not arguing against public goods. And I'm not arguing
               | against improving systems for those who don't do due
               | diligence.
               | 
               | I'm just saying take responsibility for your own actions
               | and your own decisions. The world doesn't owe you
               | anything. Such statements are not incompatible with
               | improving the standard of living for everyone, even those
               | who are actively liabilities.
        
               | zakki wrote:
               | But I believe it is the duty of everyone to not
               | cheat/scam other people
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | Sure. No contradiction.
        
               | ericlewis wrote:
               | or how I wish markets actually worked.
        
               | ep103 wrote:
               | What the responses that people are sending to you are
               | trying to point out, is that while this is an honorable
               | rule of thumb, it doesn't scale. You cannot build a
               | society this way, or none of us would be able to function
               | reasonably.
               | 
               | It is unreasonable to build tools for other people to
               | use, that will break the user's expectation of
               | consistent, reliable and safe use.
               | 
               | This is a not an abstract idea, this is a fundamental
               | legal concept in the west.
               | 
               | If everyone using Ethereum was expecting these fees, and
               | are fine with it, then good for them, and no harm no
               | foul. But this approach will not scale to larger
               | communities, and it is unreasonable, cruel, and legally
               | wrong to put the burden of "they should have known how to
               | avoid this" on the larger populace, which is, of course,
               | what crypto evangelizes the ultimate end-goal to be.
               | 
               | This is where comments like soared comes in. "I hope you
               | don't use public transit, electricity, plumbing, or
               | breathe central air." A human being simply cannot
               | function in society if we have to study local EPA data to
               | know whether its safe to breathe along our commute to
               | work, that our electricity will be safe to use with all
               | of our devices, that my car won't explode if I press a
               | button in a different way, and that I won't go bankrupt
               | if I use my crypto card to pay for a meal.
               | 
               | Expecting everyone to research how every tool works
               | before they use it fails Kants categorical imperative,
               | because it is simply impossible for everyone one of us to
               | research every tool we use given a finite lifetime. Hence
               | the responses you are receiving here.
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | > Imagine if you had to...
               | 
               | Given the historical context of these systems working
               | reasonably well for decades, I've decided to take for
               | granted that I won't get rugged by my public transit, or
               | my electricity company, or the food in the grocery store.
               | Still, I do assess tap water before I drink it, even in
               | the US.
               | 
               | If you're the type of person who likes to blindly trust
               | systems without studying them, that's fine; you can wait
               | to partake in crypto until this sense of trust has been
               | built. No one is holding a gun to your head and saying
               | "run arbitrary code against your crypto holdings." Yet
               | people do it. This is their fault. If they don't want to
               | take the time to study the code, then they should have
               | waited until the community did the due diligence for them
               | to whatever is their own personal level of satisfaction.
        
               | ep103 wrote:
               | I believe you have missed the point of my post. I have
               | updated it in the hope that perhaps I have made the point
               | clearer.
        
               | xur17 wrote:
               | I think GP's example of the Apple store line matches a
               | lot better. The high fees on Ethereum were for 2 or 3
               | hours, similar to Apple's line when they sell a new
               | phone. If you don't absolutely need to run a transaction
               | during that time period, you just.. wait.
               | 
               | For example - I was looking to move some USDC, but I saw
               | the fees, and just came back a few hours later and
               | submitted it with no problems.
        
           | danielmarkbruce wrote:
           | The system sucks. It isn't broken.
        
           | serf wrote:
           | one could argue that surge pricing on Uber during the
           | holidays feels 'broken' in the same respect, but the
           | characteristically high costs during those times are
           | precisely the indicator that the system is working as
           | intended.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | If someone tried to pitch to me that we should replace the
             | existing car, taxi, and bus infrastructure with 'transit
             | 3.0' that sometimes has the cost of a ride increase by
             | ~500,000% - I'd laugh them out of the room.
             | 
             | Even if their system were 'working as intended'. A footgun
             | is working as intended when it sends you to the hospital -
             | and it's defective by design.
        
               | rglullis wrote:
               | This is exactly what happens with "surge pricing" on
               | Uber.
        
         | HL33tibCe7 wrote:
         | Unfortunately HN is so vehemently anti-crypto that articles
         | like this get upvoted regardless of the accuracy of their
         | content.
         | 
         | I don't like crypto either for many of the same reasons - most
         | notably crypto's horrendous environmental impact. But we need
         | to stick to facts when we criticise crypto, and avoid mindless
         | bandwagoning just because it's currently the in thing to hate
         | on all things crypto.
        
         | McLaren_Ferrari wrote:
         | It completely destroys the mechanism of an auction. Especially
         | an online auction
         | 
         | During an auction you always know the price and hence the bids
         | are somewhat incremental. You can bid in 1$ increments or even
         | lesser increments.
         | 
         | When the network is congested people put a fee on their
         | transaction without knowing anything except that more = better.
         | 
         | It is a market failure. The time preference BS is something
         | made up by "true believers" who think that "bad news is good
         | news" because it supposedly supports the winner take all
         | mindset that crypto enthusiast love.
         | 
         | Except when the winner is Ken Griffin, in that case we should
         | stop playing , throw a tantrum and ask the refs for a redo lmao
        
           | rglullis wrote:
           | Since EIP-1155, people submitting transactions knew _exactly_
           | how much the gas fee is going to be and how much the
           | transaction would cost. The  "auction" mechanism for the
           | miners to select the transactions to get into the block is
           | basically irrelevant compared with network congestion itself.
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | I will agree that the "broke Ethereum" rhetoric is stupid. It
         | relies on elevating Yuga Lab's tweets to a level of credibility
         | that they lost, their community should turn on them for
         | deflecting responsibility.
         | 
         |  _But_ I would say that there are unintended consequences of
         | Ethereum 's EIP1559 burning. A lot of tokens sold off as people
         | were positioning for this sale. In the past, this money would
         | have been recirculated from miners back into these leading
         | tokens and projects and economy. This time it hasn't really
         | happened because it was burned. Ethereum hasn't "priced in" any
         | scarcity based on this burning, its still swung by the general
         | tech sector swinging. Not a fan of this outcome personally. But
         | yes, I'm all for letting the burns continue, just want
         | communities and projects to be more discerning.
        
         | bdcravens wrote:
         | Usurious and predatory loans also work as intended. The person
         | signing the document knows what they are getting into it, and
         | presumably have done the cost/benefit analysis.
        
         | TomGullen wrote:
         | Rational actors acting rationally
        
       | arthurcolle wrote:
       | I always wondered why a gas fee future or option never was
       | developed to mitigate gas fees indirectly. Since gas fees are
       | heavily dependent on smart contract conplexity, a secondary
       | market based on gas fees, and not on ETH spot price, seems like
       | it would be a useful financial innovation in this space
        
       | literallyWTF wrote:
        
       | dralley wrote:
       | >A Twitter thread by Molly White, creator of Web3 Is Going Great,
       | documented how exorbitant fees affected people buying NFTs from
       | different projects, often outstripping the underlying asset: a
       | $3,500 fee for a $500 NFT, a $3,800 fee for a $270 NFT, a $3,950
       | transaction fee for a $260 NFT, and a $3,300 transaction fee for
       | a $25 NFT were just some of the many ridiculous trades executed
       | during the gas war caused by Otherdeed's NFT launch.
       | 
       | Instead of talking about these "gas fees" in terms of their
       | monetary value, we should measure them in terms of tons of CO2,
       | or perhaps its equivalent acres-of-the-Amazon-rainforest-lit-on-
       | fire. I'm 100% serious.
       | 
       | All of this, over gifs, jpgs and fake land in a theoretically
       | infinite digital universe that was probably procedurally
       | generated anyway.
        
         | pabl8k wrote:
         | I'm not a fan of Yuga or "land" sales on blockchains, but this
         | argument comes out every time there is something even
         | tangentially related to proof of work blockchains. There is not
         | a significant marginal expenditure of electricity per nft
         | minted or transferred. The same order of magnitude of energy is
         | expended to ensure the security of the blockchain whether a
         | large NFT mint happens or not so long as the blockchain exists.
         | 
         | What really happened here was that the company that launched
         | this did it in a way that congested the ethereum network and an
         | auction essentially occurred in "gas" to use the network for
         | this purpose for a couple hours. Instead, the company should
         | have pre-allocated guaranteed minting on a lottery basis so it
         | didn't devolve into a "gas" auction or, increased supply to
         | match demand, which they knew in advance (like you said, limits
         | here are artificial).
        
           | theturtletalks wrote:
           | A better way to look at the gas price is that is the cost of
           | decentralization.
           | 
           | One single entity being the source of truth will always be
           | cheaper than a blockchain verifying a transaction. The caveat
           | is if that cost is worth it.
           | 
           | For buying tangible goods, the gas price might be worth it
           | since Visa/MC control what you can sell online and payment
           | processors can be circumvented using crypto. That is a pain
           | point.
           | 
           | For intangible goods, the gas price is simply not worth it.
           | What pain point exists for owning digital goods that would
           | require decentralization? In my opinion, none.
        
             | ec109685 wrote:
             | Something like BOYC couldn't have been build in a
             | traditional centralized manner. 4 founders had the idea of
             | this club and were able to build it up on the back of
             | Ethereum without any permission needed or their own
             | infrastructure. It might not be worth it, but that's
             | something unique that hasn't been possible before.
        
               | jasonshaev wrote:
               | Serious question: what did they actually build?
               | 
               | They create images and sell them on someone else's
               | network. I could list a JPG on eBay without having to run
               | any infrastructure either.
        
           | ATsch wrote:
           | > The same order of magnitude of energy is expended to ensure
           | the security of the blockchain whether a large NFT mint
           | happens or not so long as the blockchain exists.
           | 
           | That's not completely true. The amount of resources wasted
           | per hour are proportional to the value of the coin. Lacking
           | any genuine uses for for cryptocurrencies, people determine
           | coin value by things like transaction volume, market
           | capitalization, influencer endorsements and active wallets
           | instead. Thus every additional user, transaction and
           | especially the common million-dollar wash trades designed to
           | pump their respective projects, contribute significantly to
           | the waste that is generated.
        
         | thorncorona wrote:
         | Perhaps instead of all of these feel-good blaming the end user
         | for systemic issues we could actually solve of the low hanging
         | fruit surrounding climate change?
         | 
         | I'm tired of the blaming of regular people for not composting
         | or recycling instead of the corporations who routinely behave
         | poorly on a global scale.
         | 
         | Instead of CO2 generated by computers we could talk about CO2
         | generated by heavy industry? Which is actually a large emitter?
         | 
         | Or maybe we could talk about regulating corporate giants who
         | routinely abuse environmental regulations by doing them in the
         | 3rd world such as Conagra, Shell, or Dupont? These are
         | companies which release untested chemicals and incentivize
         | rainforest burning and yet we give them a free pass to focus on
         | trivialities.
        
           | cuteboy19 wrote:
           | 0.1 % of the world's energy is used by this, and growing. It
           | is no longer ignorable.
           | 
           | And anyways most mining is inaccessible to regular people. It
           | is gigantic corporations doing all the mining these days.
           | Etherium itself runs mostly on AWS.
        
             | thorncorona wrote:
             | > The industrial sector accounts for 30% of global
             | emissions and roughly 37% of global energy consumption.
             | This huge share of climate-changing emissions from one
             | sector is an equally huge opportunity for emissions
             | reduction on a global scale.
             | 
             | It's quite literally a rounding error. You're focusing on
             | trivialities compared to actual polluters.
             | 
             | It doesn't really matter whether it's accessible to regular
             | people. Container ships aren't exactly accessible to
             | regular people either.
             | 
             | Eth most definitely doesn't run off AWS. Way too expensive
             | lol.
             | 
             | https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/01/decarbonizing-
             | heavy-i...
        
               | dralley wrote:
               | Replacing cryptocurrency can literally be done overnight.
               | That's not true of international shipping.
        
           | iostream24 wrote:
           | Is crypto mining heavy industry?
           | 
           | All those poor miners with black lung and cave-ins and
           | such...
        
           | dralley wrote:
           | This 100% falls into the category of low hanging fruit. It's
           | merely a far less efficient way of doing things we already
           | know how to do. No worthwhile functionality would be lost.
        
           | hkt wrote:
           | CO2 generated by Facebook and Amazon would be interesting to
           | see. Worldwide computing usage too.
           | 
           | Fair point though: companies should be embargoed for wrecking
           | the environment at this point. Even a handful of big western
           | countries doing it would likely make waves, even without the
           | US.
        
         | varenc wrote:
         | An increase in gas fees doesn't correspond to an increase in
         | energy consumed/CO2 produced. The network was chugging along at
         | its usual hash rate like always, but this sudden demand for
         | transactions creates a bidding war for the existing gas
         | (computation) available. The fact that the gas rates rose so
         | high shows that the network's energy consumption didn't
         | increase.
         | 
         | Of course, in the long term, exorbitant gas fees produce some
         | incentive for more miners to join and burn more CO2.
        
         | CryptoPunk wrote:
         | Equating CO2 emission with Amazon-rainforest-lit-on-fire is
         | deliberately inflammatory and grossly misleading.
        
           | wyager wrote:
           | If anything, higher atmospheric CO2 is probably locally
           | better for the Amazon.
        
         | mgraczyk wrote:
         | This is wrong though. During the sale, the fees were much
         | higher, but the CO2 emissions remained constant.
         | 
         | It's just not the case that you can "talk about gas fees in
         | terms of tons of CO2".
         | 
         | You should talk about the CO2 emissions of the Ethereum
         | network. It's not 1:1 with fees in any sensible way.
        
         | SubiculumCode wrote:
         | This is a temporary state of things due to proof of work. Proof
         | of stake is coming, and already bored apes et al should be
         | running on a Layer 2 like Polygon. Harping on the environmental
         | consequences is a bit disingenuous.
        
         | smiddereens wrote:
        
         | jameshart wrote:
         | When's the President going to do something to fix these gas
         | prices?
         | 
         | Anyway, I thought crypto currencies were meant to be inflation-
         | proof.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | Blockchains use the same energy whether there are transactions
         | or not.
         | 
         | This bolsters the anti Proof of Work/blockchain argument if you
         | understood it. Which ironically means understanding blockchains
         | instead of just finding the nearest convenient reason to not
         | bother understanding them.
        
         | RGamma wrote:
         | There's no reasoning about (lack of) fundamentals or e-waste
         | with crypto loyalists.
         | 
         | Just let it play out naturally: let the scammers scam, the
         | gamblers gamble, the bag holders hold bags and the vanity coins
         | go boom and bust. Can't do a thing about it; accepting this is
         | much better for your sanity.
         | 
         | And well, all the electronics that are wasted on digital La-La
         | land? It's a tell tale sign of the decadence of our times.
         | 
         | That too will come to an end, when earth finally forces us to
         | get our priorities straight. It can only continue for so
         | long...
        
         | basisword wrote:
         | >> Instead of talking about these "gas fees" in terms of their
         | monetary value, we should measure them in terms of tons of CO2,
         | or perhaps its equivalent acres-of-the-Amazon-rainforest-lit-
         | on-fire. I'm 100% serious.
         | 
         | We don't do it with anything else, so why do it with this?
         | Other than to virtue signal of course.
        
           | tick_tock_tick wrote:
           | We do with tons of stuff? Articles have been written about
           | CO2 costs for literally every aspect of life at this point.
           | 
           | That being said Proof of Work is a slightly different beast
           | because the consumption of resources is the goal in and of
           | itself. Efficiency gains are antithesis to it as the cost is
           | what keeps the network safe.
        
             | aunty_helen wrote:
             | When was the last time you read an article about the CO2
             | output of the finance industry?
             | 
             | I can first hand assure you there are a lot of very
             | expensive CPU cores sitting in datacenters all over the
             | world shuffling money back and forward for fractions of
             | cents on the dollar.
        
               | johnny22 wrote:
               | huh? people talk about it all the time on this very site
               | in the past. ALthough it's usually about how much VISA
               | and mastercard uses, or how much is used by money flowing
               | through the american banks.
        
             | basisword wrote:
             | Yes, but we don't do it and ignore monetary value. We can
             | and do discuss both.
        
         | fartcannon wrote:
         | It's kind of like trying to outwit other traders in the stock
         | market, isn't it? Just a bunch of people building elaborate
         | systems to gamble.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Stock market trading is actually super efficient energy wise,
           | comparatively, due to its centralized nature in a trusted
           | environment. No need for proof of work or proof of stake, so
           | no need to spin cycles for crypto trust theater (because you
           | can still be prosecuted and sued if you steal crypto and it's
           | worth someone's time to obtain justice; code as law until the
           | cuffs are on or wallets are blacklisted at exchanges).
           | 
           | In this example, Ethereum is this enormous, slow distributed
           | runtime moving image receipts and tokens around.
        
             | fartcannon wrote:
             | You can expand and contract the 'stock market' to whatever
             | shape and energy density your argument requires. Does it
             | include all the energy required to keep alive the people
             | who work to sustain it? Does it include investors, the
             | wealth it generates and all the super yachts bought with
             | it? Or on the othet side, is it just the near energy free
             | idea of what the stock market is?
        
               | micromacrofoot wrote:
               | etherium solves 0 of those problems so it's a moot point
        
               | cuteboy19 wrote:
               | There are already a hundred different crypto exchanges
               | (more than regular ones, possibly)
               | 
               | We do not count the people working on these exchanges as
               | a part of crypto energy cost. So your argument is wrong,
               | actually.
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | If ethereum ever achieved adoption even close to a
               | fraction of what stock trading has, then you'd have the
               | same problems and overhead.
               | 
               | As it stands, the apples to apples comparison has any
               | centralized, trusted network being more efficient than
               | [attempted] trustless, proof of work like ethereum.
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | >> No need for proof of work or proof of stake
             | 
             | Yeah, I mean naked shorts and all.
        
               | cuteboy19 wrote:
               | Naked shorts can and do exist on crypto exchanges
        
               | phkahler wrote:
               | On an exchange, but not on a blockchain.
               | 
               | Exchanges are a convenience, and go against the entire
               | concept of a distributed ledger. That part of what makes
               | the whole thing a joke.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | 1. Naked shorts are illegal except in very special
               | circumstances for a market maker.
               | 
               | 2. You don't need naked shorts for a stock to be >100%
               | shorted.
               | 
               | We'd all have been better off if people took the GME
               | frenzy as an opportunity to better understand how stock
               | trades work, as opposed to an opportunity to reinforce
               | their pre-existing misunderstanding.
        
               | phkahler wrote:
               | Naked shorts are not possible with crypto unless I'm very
               | mistaken. You could do it in some secondary market, but
               | the blockchain AFAICT only works on "real" assets.
        
               | cuteboy19 wrote:
               | Which is irrelevant, we should judge things as they are
               | and not as they "should be". Exchanges are part and
               | parcel of the crypto ecosystem. We cannot ignore them in
               | this discussion.
               | 
               | Naked shorts do exist in the crypto market and they do
               | affect the prices of those currencies.
               | 
               | But of course why would anyone do that when there are a
               | hundred easier ways to manipulate the crypto market? Buy
               | a few influencers and UFC athletes to shill your crypto
               | and you get a much better return on investment.
        
             | m00dy wrote:
             | >.. a trusted environment ..
             | 
             | There is a term called circuit-breaker. How would it
             | possible to trust a system if it has a "feature" called
             | circuit-breaker ?
        
               | thorncorona wrote:
               | You could instead lose $625M to poorly written code [0].
               | Crypto is just rediscovering the reason we have financial
               | regulations, at a higher speed.
               | 
               | https://crypto.news/axie-infinity-ronin-network-
               | hack-625m-us...
        
               | adoxyz wrote:
               | what's wrong with having a circuit-breaker? My house has
               | many and they come in handy. Same with the stock market,
               | it helps slow down emotional trading and limit certain
               | attacks.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Crypto proponents and libertarians taking issue with the
               | rules of the capital markets is different than the system
               | having no trust. The US capital markets are some of the
               | most regulated, trusted markets in the world; it's why
               | capital flows into it (versus say, Russia, China, LATAM,
               | etc). Some poorly written smart contract isn't going to
               | nuke their (potentially hundreds of millions of dollars)
               | capital on a whim, and if there is an issue, there is a
               | resolution path through industry, government, and the
               | courts. That is "revealed trust" if you will.
               | 
               | Importantly, the belief of an individual can be
               | drastically different than the consensus of market
               | participants. Based on the capital allocation in US
               | capital markets (tens of trillions of dollars), what does
               | that signal regarding trust?
               | 
               | https://www.sifma.org/resources/research/fact-book/
        
         | hombre_fatal wrote:
         | Meh, we "waste" all sorts of energy, and what constitutes as
         | waste is something to be debated and something that probably
         | hits philosophical/ethical bedrock much like talking about,
         | say, meat consumption.
        
           | drekk wrote:
           | It is wasted. I can send you a JPG without using more energy
           | than a EU resident will go through in several years. This
           | isn't a philosophical or moral question. We have ownership
           | models and financial systems that are flawed but at least on
           | paper accountable to democracies and not mining consortiums.
           | 
           | Meat consumption is wasteful, sure, but at least the end
           | product feeds humans. I don't get why we have to burn more
           | energy than entire countries to power a speculative asset. Or
           | buy contraband online.
        
           | warent wrote:
           | We're not talking about abstract metaphysics here. These are
           | objectively measured metrics that correlate to direct
           | physical impact on the planet.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Yes, so does meat eating. Nobody said anything about
             | metaphysics, but whether something is wasteful is a
             | normative question.
        
               | warent wrote:
               | There is research demonstrating that the lowest-impact
               | meat produces significantly more greenhouse gas than the
               | worst, highest-impact vegetable.
               | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216
               | 
               | If you're arguing that excess greenhouse gas emissions is
               | not a waste product, then it seems like you're either
               | embracing climate change or you know something about
               | greenhouse gasses that nobody else knows.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | > There is research demonstrating that the lowest-impact
               | meat produces significantly more greenhouse gas than the
               | worst, highest-impact vegetable.
               | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216
               | 
               | Yes, that is my point.
               | 
               | > either embracing climate change
               | 
               | I'm making the very basic claim that all of these are
               | based on normative facts, not metaphysics.
        
           | jonny_eh wrote:
           | "Murder isn't a problem because people die all the time."
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | I don't think analogies are helpful, but if murder were
             | rampant while we narrowly focused on the murders of a
             | single subset group, mainly due to visibility reasons
             | because they've only started murdering recently, then I
             | would have the same problem with that inconsistency.
             | 
             | To reverse out of the analogy, we've decided that the
             | solution is to simply illegalize murder, and it generalizes
             | over any group doing any kind of murdering.
             | 
             | But what is the equivalent for energy waste? Illegalizing
             | energy waste, for example, isn't quite as open-and-shut as
             | murder.
             | 
             | Imagine how hard it would be to actually etch out the
             | details (operationally, ethically) of an energy policy that
             | generalizes over waste in the crypto space but also any
             | other place we waste energy for things we don't actually
             | need.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | > _Imagine how hard it would be to actually etch out the
               | details (operationally, ethically) of an energy policy
               | that generalizes over waste in the crypto space but also
               | any other place we waste energy for things we don 't
               | actually need._
               | 
               | Does the fact that this is hard somehow make the problem
               | go away? Yes, it will be hard. Like many factors
               | contributing to climate change, changes are required that
               | will make people unhappy.
               | 
               | The only question is whether humanity will take the steps
               | to change on their own, or if the Earth will make those
               | decisions for us.
               | 
               | It's also not necessary to implement an all-encompassing
               | policy about every possible form of energy waste to take
               | aim at emerging trends that are a clear threat to the
               | climate.
               | 
               | Taking just one example, unwinding the problems with the
               | meat industry is going to be incredibly difficult because
               | of hundreds of years of precedent and expectations of the
               | population. In that regard, focusing on curbing new
               | threats first while still in their early stages sounds a
               | lot more viable and at least in the short term, valuable.
        
           | haswell wrote:
           | When I eat meat, it nourishes me, and keeps me alive for a
           | period of time. There are valid criticisms of the meat
           | industry for sure, but generally speaking, meat keeps humans
           | alive.
           | 
           | The power consumption of the crypto ecosystem is not
           | comparable. The power consumption of the crypto ecosystem is
           | sobering when you dig into the details.
           | 
           | Now, couple that with the very dubious value of the things
           | built on top of that ecosystem, and this is not a "meh, just
           | a little more waste" kind of conversation.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Your meat consumption is excessive to your needs and
             | produces excess GHG. It is a want.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | And that is why I mentioned there are valid criticisms of
               | the industry.
               | 
               | I personally don't eat meat often, but that's not the
               | point. The broader point is that meat, while wasteful,
               | still provides clear value. That doesn't mean emissions
               | aren't also a problem.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | > The broader point is that meat, while wasteful, still
               | provides clear value
               | 
               | What clear value compared to a less emitting alternative?
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | Meat has a history going back to the dawn of man as a
               | primary source of sustenance. It's delicious, and
               | thousands of millennia of evolution predisposes me to
               | enjoy it more than less emitting alternatives.
               | 
               | The fact that meat has value is unrelated to the current
               | state of the industry, which as I have said, is
               | problematic.
               | 
               | The point I'm making is about the intrinsic value of the
               | thing, because the GP wants to compare meat to
               | cryptocurrency.
               | 
               | My point is that they're not comparable, regardless of
               | the realities of mass produced meat and that industry's
               | sustainability problems.
               | 
               | Dismissing issues with crypto as "meh, meat is a problem
               | too" is a little bit like watching the Amazon burn down
               | and concluding "meh, driving cars are a problem too".
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Let's say I enjoy trading crypto. What puts that
               | enjoyment as lesser to an equivalent amount of meat
               | consumption that creates the same GHG emissions compared
               | to alternative?
               | 
               | This time without appeal to the naturalism fallacy.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | Admittedly not my greatest comment, and my point was lost
               | in the shuffle. But since we're shifting the goalposts
               | now and comparing _activities_ to _commodities_ , let's
               | say the only meat I choose to eat is sourced by hunting
               | wild game. Let's say I did the hunting myself with my own
               | bow.
               | 
               | Are you saying that you do not acknowledge the value of
               | meat as a basic form of sustenance? Would you change your
               | position if lost in the wilderness, feeling that pang of
               | hunger in your gut?
               | 
               | Are you saying that trading crypto as a hobby is
               | equivalent somehow?
        
           | serf wrote:
           | even a vegan should see the value of the resulting
           | nutritional calories from meat consumption, even if they tout
           | alternatives.
           | 
           | I haven't yet been pointed at the value with regards to the
           | thread topic (except in vague 'it's art!' kind of ways), even
           | by extremely enthusiastic crypto-nuts -- so it makes the
           | 'waste' w.r.t the thread topic a bit more egregious feeling,
           | personally.
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | Well, a vegan and an honest meat eater would bring up
             | trophic levels and needs vs. wants, though I don't want to
             | get into that.
             | 
             | But I liken that incendiary debate to this one over who is
             | "allowed" to waste energy and for what reason. It doesn't
             | seem as simple of an argument as people in these comments
             | suggest.
             | 
             | If I buy $100 of energy, what exactly am I allowed to do
             | and not do with it? Can I not use all of it to power my
             | vibrating butt plug? I think anyone who wants to go down
             | the route should be ready for a much bigger conversation
             | than the (seemingly) kneejerk, narrow-focused reaction lets
             | on.
             | 
             | I mean, if the point of bringing up energy waste wrt crypto
             | is to just marvel at the waste, then fine.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | Let's say you have a friend who is always in debt. He
               | knows it. You know it. Everyone you both know knows it.
               | 
               | He has a few friends, also deeply in debt, who try to
               | pretend it's not an issue, but most people roll their
               | eyes in frustration at that subgroup.
               | 
               | One day, your friend comes over in a brand new high-end
               | Mercedes. You and all of their friends are appalled. Why
               | on earth would they buy a Mercedes when they are already
               | so far underwater that it's unclear if they'll ever be
               | debt free.
               | 
               | To me, this is the problem with the crypto space. The
               | world is full of problems that are threatening the
               | planet. The world can't yet agree on how to solve those
               | problems, (and some people pretend that problem doesn't
               | even exist).
               | 
               | And along comes this new thing that consumes more energy
               | than entire countries. And it's not really clear if it'll
               | ever provide enough value to warrant the cost.
               | 
               | Yes, this will require some difficult conversations along
               | the way, but people are quick to jump all over this
               | because quite frankly, it's exactly the kind of problem
               | the world doesn't need on top of the existing problems
               | that still haven't been solved. There's a kind of
               | exasperation that comes with the feeling.
               | 
               | When people bring up climate change, it's rarely just to
               | marvel.
        
         | haswell wrote:
         | I'm admittedly not very knowledgeable about the Web3/Crypto
         | space beyond the basics - are all of these fees also publicly
         | visible on a ledger?
         | 
         | It seems like someone could build a pretty sobering dashboard
         | that shows exactly what you describe if this data is readily
         | available.
         | 
         | I've wanted to dabble in the space purely so I could understand
         | it more deeply, but am not really interested in the hype.
         | However, building visualizations to help people understand the
         | insanity...sounds like an interesting project.
        
           | joshcryer wrote:
           | The gas fees don't really correlate to any energy usage.
           | They're actually a fee for computation on the block. It's no
           | different than the Bitcoin miner fee, except it's based upon
           | how much code is being included and the current network
           | demand. It still blows my mind people think it is acceptable
           | that the network eat their transaction fee if the transaction
           | doesn't go through, especially when these fees are so high
           | (as if now it can cost $2k to do any sort of NFT stuff).
           | 
           | Imagine sending $100 to your mom with your bank and then the
           | bank charges you $2,000 and then the transaction doesn't go
           | through because someone sneezed on the keyboard at the bank
           | and forgot to press send and then the bank keeps the $2000
           | and your mom doesn't get the $100. Only in this case they
           | didn't sneeze on the keyboard, the transaction calculation
           | actively changed to be $3000 and if only you had $3000 in
           | your account your transaction would've gone through so it's
           | your fault your bank didn't have enough money to send your
           | mom $100.
        
             | iostream24 wrote:
             | Or more like someone is depositing millions into their bank
             | account in small coins and it's occupied all the tellers in
             | the bank and no one is available to deposit your granny's
             | 20EUR check
        
           | SkyMarshal wrote:
           | Gas fees are publicly visible on the ledger, but not
           | necessarily their value in USD or other irl currency. But you
           | can get that easily enough from exchange APIs and other
           | sources.
        
           | kuldeepfouzdar wrote:
           | Here are a few https://etherchain.org/burn
           | https://ultrasound.money/
           | https://ycharts.com/indicators/ethereum_supply
        
           | meibo wrote:
           | Platforms don't show this to people because they want people
           | to trade. People that trade don't look for this
           | information/live in blissful ignorance because they would
           | feel bad otherwise.
           | 
           | If anything, by now we should accept that showing people
           | numbers isn't the right way to make them aware of climate
           | change.
        
           | WalterSear wrote:
           | > It seems like someone could build a pretty sobering
           | dashboard that shows exactly what you describe if this data
           | is readily available.
           | 
           | Crypto relies on people who don't know to look at dashboards.
        
           | rglullis wrote:
           | Yes, it is publicly available. The blockchain keeps a record
           | of every transaction, which includes how much gas was spent.
        
         | bogomipz wrote:
         | >"All of this, over gifs, jpgs and fake land in a theoretically
         | infinite digital universe that was probably procedurally
         | generated anyway."
         | 
         | Sorry if this a naive question but what does "procedurally
         | generated" mean here?
        
           | Fomite wrote:
           | The "world" is algorithmically generated, rather than being
           | deliberately designed.
        
           | GalahiSimtam wrote:
           | Implying low quality art-wise, probably. Borrowed from
           | videogames industry, where Elden Ring reviews outperformed No
           | Man's Sky, but not only because the latter had 2^64 different
           | planets, one for each seed value, while the former had the
           | world pretty much handcrafted. In fact there are good games
           | with procedural generation, too.
        
         | fosk wrote:
         | > Instead of talking about these "gas fees" in terms of their
         | monetary value, we should measure them in terms of tons of CO2,
         | or perhaps its equivalent acres-of-the-Amazon-rainforest-lit-
         | on-fire. I'm 100% serious.
         | 
         | I am so annoyed by this argument. The question we should be
         | asking ourselves is how electricity is being generated in the
         | first place. Fighting crypto is the wrong fight for
         | environmentalists: the right fight is transitioning to
         | healthier and cleaner source of energy in a world that will
         | inevitably consume more and more electricity as part of our
         | organic progress, with or without crypto.
         | 
         | If anything, use crypto and electric cars as a driver to enact
         | these changes, not as blockers, since they drive more electric
         | consumption and therefore they help making a stronger case for
         | cleaner source of energy.
        
           | jasonshaev wrote:
           | Aren't both things true from an environmentalists
           | perspective?
           | 
           | 1) We need to "transition[] to healthier and cleaner source
           | of energy" 2) We need to use less energy overall
           | 
           | We do not produce enough clean energy to meet the total
           | demand for energy. Until that is true, using less energy is a
           | valid path to reducing the total impact of climate change.
        
           | pcwalton wrote:
           | Cryptocurrency is worse than electric cars because
           | cryptocurrency can be mined everywhere in the world, whereas
           | electric cars require the use of the electrical grid near the
           | location they're being driven. This means that local
           | governments can mandate cleaner sources of energy and
           | actually have an effect on electric cars, as you can't just
           | import electricity from overseas as easily, while
           | cryptocurrency mining can just move to more favorable
           | jurisdictions in response to any inconvenient regulations.
           | The incentives of cryptocurrency mining create a race to the
           | bottom, where mining operations simply relocate around the
           | world to wherever the regulations are laxest.
        
           | LordDragonfang wrote:
           | While the low-effort statements stemming from the obsession
           | with crypto carbon output annoy me as well, energy budget is
           | an essentially zero-sum game (ignoring anomalous areas like
           | those with net excess geothermal), and zero-carbon energy can
           | be achieved by increasing 0C production or decreasing
           | consumption.
           | 
           | As with almost every ecological issue, decreasing consumption
           | is the more economically and logistically viable part of the
           | solution, especially when it comes to cryptocurrency where
           | the value-per-unit-energy is so many orders of magnitude
           | lower than traditional systems.
        
             | fosk wrote:
             | I suggest scaling nuclear power all the way, while still
             | innovating and investing in non-nuclear clean energy in the
             | meantime.
        
           | Banana699 wrote:
           | You're assuming that the proponents of this argument are
           | convinced that crypto is a worthwhile burn of energy in the
           | first place, which is - off course - exactly the opposite of
           | what's being implied.
           | 
           | Here's how your opponents see this exchange :
           | 
           | >> Instead of talking about <<<Burning skyscrapers for fun>>>
           | in terms of their monetary value, we should measure them in
           | terms of tons of CO2, or perhaps its equivalent acres-of-the-
           | Amazon-rainforest-lit-on-fire. I'm 100% serious.
           | 
           | > I am so annoyed by this argument. The question we should be
           | asking ourselves is how <<<Gasoline>>> is being generated in
           | the first place. Fighting <<<Burning skyscrapers for fun>>>
           | is the wrong fight for environmentalists: the right fight is
           | transitioning to healthier and cleaner source of
           | <<<Gasoline>>> in a world that will inevitably consume more
           | and more <<<Petroleum>>> as part of our organic progress,
           | with or without <<<Burning skyscrapers for fun>>>.
           | 
           | I replaced some words (marked by <<<.>>>) to make an analogy
           | that will stand out to you and let you see how the other side
           | uses the argument: they're not implying that enviromental
           | disasters can be totally averted by banning crypto, they're
           | simply stating that crypto is such a monumental waste of
           | energy, the equivalent of burning skyscrapers for fun, that
           | banning it will deprieve us of nothing valuable while saving
           | up valuable time in our _continued_ fight for the enviroment.
           | If you're stuck in the desert with limited water, you search
           | for more water *and* punish those who waste existing water.
           | The more extravagant the waste and far away the alternative
           | sources, the more you should divide your attention between
           | finding new sources and punishing those who waste.
           | 
           | I'm personally moderately on the anti-crypto side (just
           | barely, and very reluctantly) in this, distributed trustless
           | blockchains is a A)Theoretically beautiful B)But extremly,
           | hugely, unimaginably inefficient-in-practice idea that only
           | kinda sorta work when you use it for what plain old bitcoin
           | was used for in the early days and only under extreme
           | circumstances (e.g. circumventing governoment censorship).
           | It's like communism (ironic given the stereotypical
           | libertarianism of it's proponents), it's beautiful that
           | somebody thought of this as an alternative to what we
           | currently do and it's fascinating to imagine what we can do
           | with it. But it's just not ready, maybe a better humanity in
           | a better time and place could make it work, but not here and
           | not now. Rushing not-ready things into production then
           | "fixing it later" is how you do hacky scripts and shitty CRUD
           | apps, not economic and financial systems.
           | 
           | The reason I also hate anti-crypto discourse is the extreme
           | religiousness (almost of the same caliber as the fanatically
           | pro-crypto side) that people treat this matter with, no
           | amount of anger and insults will make reasonable pro-crypto
           | people see the error of their ways, and unreasonable folks
           | will not listen to the fiery screeds in the first place, so
           | all this screaming going back and forth is for nothing.
        
           | iostream24 wrote:
           | That's like saying drunk drivers are actually lobbyists for
           | funding more police sobriety checkpoints.
        
             | fosk wrote:
             | No. It's like saying that we need more food (and technology
             | to produce it) to sustain an ever growing population,
             | rather than saying we should mass-murder our population to
             | bring it back within an acceptable boundary. This will
             | bring investments, technology advancements, and trigger a
             | race to generate energy in a better way.
             | 
             | We will always consume more energy (and food!) as our
             | civilization progresses, I am embracing that without
             | blocking that. Also, even without crypto we still need to
             | find better energy sources anyways, so what's the pushback
             | all about? We are just kicking the can down the road with
             | no action other than "criminalizing" crypto.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | cuteboy19 wrote:
           | The incentives don't match. No matter how efficient we make
           | our power generation, PoW will simply scale up and consume
           | more, making those gains moot. It will use up cheaper
           | renewable energy and force everyone else to keep relying on
           | fossil fuels. Of course I should not forget to mention the e
           | waste which is a concern regardless of how much greenwashing
           | is done
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | PoW will scale up to match, be vigilant about _which
             | sources_ it uses, which sources an enterpriser wants to try
             | to use. Be vigilant about the coal plants coming online,
             | while non-grid connected methane-reducing sources are
             | applauded.
             | 
             | Large scale miners allowed this argument to get out of
             | control because they didn't want people to know their
             | sources of energy (extending their lead in front of other
             | miners), and now this ESG boogeyman has taken an inaccurate
             | life of its own.
             | 
             | At the end of the day, if you really think you have another
             | economical use of energy because proof of work can't
             | _possibly_ be  "it", then you still have to thank Proof of
             | Work for making you notice an energy source and use case
             | that everyone else failed to notice for decades.
             | 
             | I think PoW's incentives to grow are something that needs a
             | lot of vigilance to curb, as it will be governments
             | eventually using it in the most economical and polluting
             | way, in order to control the network. But I think enough
             | people can see through the "I just want any _other_ thing
             | to use energy waaah " argument that the private sector ban
             | is never going to happen.
        
         | MichaelBurge wrote:
         | > we should measure them in terms of tons of CO2, or perhaps
         | its equivalent acres-of-the-Amazon-rainforest-lit-on-fire.
         | 
         | The marginal cost of a transaction is zero.
         | 
         | For example, if half the block was used, and half was
         | completely empty, it would cost nothing extra to the
         | environment to fill the empty half with random noise, NFTs, or
         | Cryptokitty spam. Maybe long-term the storage, but nothing
         | extra to mine that block like you're saying.
        
         | frgtpsswrdlame wrote:
         | Even if you think the main reason crypto is bad is the
         | environmental damage I think it's probably more convincing to
         | normal people to talk about how stupid it is ala these fees
         | than to talk about the environmental damage.
        
         | Razengan wrote:
        
         | ra0x3 wrote:
         | This comment is a good example of trolling. How did this get to
         | the top of the thread?
         | 
         | > All of this, over gifs, jpgs and fake land in a theoretically
         | infinite digital universe
         | 
         | No good faith here. Can we flag this?
        
         | ajmurmann wrote:
         | The best way to get people to care about carbon emissions as a
         | cost is to tax carbon emissions. But unfortunately, we live in
         | a world where increasing gas prices immediately cause calls for
         | gas subsidies even from supposedly progressives.
        
           | rank0 wrote:
           | People get upset because it effectively becomes a regressive
           | tax structure. The end game of taxing carbon has poorer
           | people spending a larger percentage of their income paying
           | taxes...even if they're consuming the same amount of
           | resources as the rich.
           | 
           | So when Exxon gets hit with a carbon tax, what do you think
           | happens? Gas and Oil prices stay the same? Absolutely not!
           | They increase, and consumers end up paying the difference.
           | This doesn't just affect residential energy prices either.
           | Production and distribution prices increase for every
           | good/service consumed. Normal every day citizens end up
           | footing the bill for corporations.
        
             | thebradbain wrote:
             | ...and those citizens would be incentivized to pursue
             | alternatives: car-pooling, biking, public transit, walking,
             | EVs, along with the public/private investment in those
             | modes.
             | 
             | Making it costlier for consumers and corporations to
             | pollute the environment so that they change their practices
             | to more sustainable options is the whole point of the
             | carbon tax.
        
             | IanCal wrote:
             | Which is why the most suggested thing I've seen is taxing
             | carbon and then distributing that evenly to all citizens.
             | Anyone using less than the mean would benefit (which would
             | cover the lowest earners because they're least likely to
             | have cars and high energy use), while also having
             | _everyone_ incentivised to lower usage (which also means
             | you can set the rates even higher).
             | 
             | > Normal every day citizens end up footing the bill for
             | corporations.
             | 
             | Corporations are made of people. It's all just people doing
             | things. Taxing anything is always taxing people which is a
             | non-interesting statement.
        
             | tejohnso wrote:
             | > Production and distribution prices increase for every
             | good/service consumed
             | 
             | That sounds like a feature as consumption is one of the
             | core problems.
             | 
             | > Normal every day citizens end up footing the bill for
             | corporations
             | 
             | Corporations are serving demand. You could say citizens end
             | up paying a more accurate cost for their consumption, with
             | environmental costs properly accounted for.
             | 
             | And we could redistribute the tax revenue back to the
             | citizens, starting with those who are suffering most and
             | are least responsible for the climate emergency.
        
         | xur17 wrote:
         | > Instead of talking about these "gas fees" in terms of their
         | monetary value, we should measure them in terms of tons of CO2,
         | or perhaps its equivalent acres-of-the-Amazon-rainforest-lit-
         | on-fire. I'm 100% serious.
         | 
         | That's.. not how this works. The miner receives a block reward
         | which is a combination of a fixed reward (2 ETH right now) +
         | tips from people trying to get their transaction (typically
         | ~0.2 ETH) [0]. The rest of the transaction fees are burned by
         | the network.
         | 
         | In effect this means that miners are motivated to mine (and
         | hence use CO2) based upon the block rewards. During periods of
         | high network usage, they aren't magically procurring more
         | miners, and hence they aren't actually using more electricity.
         | And since the vast majority of the reward is burnt anyways,
         | during high periods of usage, the miner reward doesn't actually
         | go up that much.
         | 
         | Regardless of all of that, Ethereum will be on proof of stake
         | within a year (wouldn't be surprised if it's 3 or 4 months at
         | this point), at which point the CO2 argument will go away
         | altogether).
         | 
         | [0] https://etherscan.io/block/14700751
        
           | mccorrinall wrote:
           | > And regardless of all of that, Ethereum will be on proof of
           | stake within a year
           | 
           | I've been hearing this since 2017. I won't believe it until I
           | see it.
        
             | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
             | I don't think it'll ever happen because the miners don't
             | want it. They've invested millions into GPUs and they'll
             | all become worthless once Eth switches to PoS.
             | 
             | Or they'll find another coin to mine.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | $30 billion in ETH locked on the PoS network will be
               | worthless if they don't switch.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, there's no technical way for the miners to
               | keep the switch from happening.
        
             | DennisP wrote:
             | Yes and in 2017 there hadn't been a proof of stake network
             | running in parallel for a year and a half, with 10% of all
             | ETH deposited and locked in place until after proof of work
             | is killed off. Nor had there been multiple public testnets
             | for the merge process.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | jjulius wrote:
               | I'm just an outsider, but to OP's point, in 2017 they had
               | _none_ of what you just cited yet they were making the
               | "within a year" claims, and continued to do so year after
               | year. One can't help but draw a comparison to the boy who
               | cried wolf.
               | 
               | Edit: This isn't me taking a position, just observing.
        
               | nicwolff wrote:
               | I'm also skeptical, but let's remember that the point of
               | the fable is not "the boy's repeated claims lost
               | credibility because the wolf never came", but rather "the
               | people eventually learned to ignore the boy's claims and
               | were caught by surprise when the wolf finally came" tsu
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | But if PoS comes after everyone stops caring about ETH
               | (or PoS), it still fails. PoS isn't the hard part.
               | Getting ETH successfully onto PoS is the hard part.
        
               | Mindless2112 wrote:
               | It's neither of those. At the end of the fable the wolf
               | eats the boy. Nothing happens to the people who ignored
               | him.
        
             | delecti wrote:
             | Yup.
             | 
             | > The ultimate goal of the Ethereum Foundation for 2017 is
             | to follow the vision of Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin
             | and make a move from a proof of work to a proof of stake
             | protocol
             | 
             | https://cointelegraph.com/news/ethereums-2017-roadmap-
             | flexib...
        
             | Entwickler wrote:
             | There's a site made to track the details of what needs to
             | happen before the merge. https://wenmerge.com/ it still
             | lacks specific date commitments. The focus is on "when it's
             | ready" given that ~0.5 trillion dollars are in the system.
        
           | SOLAR_FIELDS wrote:
           | Is ETH actually going to be PoS within a year? It feels like
           | ETH has been "about to be PoS within a year" for like five
           | years now.
        
             | meowkit wrote:
             | > It feels like ETH has been "about to be PoS within a
             | year" for like five years now
             | 
             | Likely because you don't actually follow the development
             | milestones, and are just synthesizing a conclusion based on
             | social media headlines/comments.
             | 
             | Successful testnets for the merge have been launched and
             | merge execution from a shadow-fork of the mainnet to a PoS
             | testnet have been completed in the last 2 months. As far as
             | I am aware, no merge date has ever been set and all
             | previous timelines were speculation, not missed deadlines.
             | 
             | I would recommend people sign up for an ETH feed or
             | newsletter (e.g. the ETH Foundation blog
             | https://blog.ethereum.org/2022/03/23/finalized-no-34/) and
             | stop letting naive comments on hacker news/reddit/twitter
             | dictate their opinions on the state of things like crypto.
        
               | InitialLastName wrote:
               | > As far as I am aware, no merge date has ever been set
               | and all previous timelines were speculation, not missed
               | deadlines.
               | 
               | I'm not deep in that world, but as far as I can tell
               | (from wandering on the blog you posted) there still
               | aren't any deadlines to miss.
               | 
               | As we all know, strategic ambiguity is a hallmark of any
               | good financial system.
        
             | teachrdan wrote:
             | They're waiting on Tesla to deliver on FSD first. But
             | that's going to be within the next two years.
        
               | rhacker wrote:
               | I think the FSD requires PoS first.
        
               | nicbou wrote:
               | After the Year of the Linux Desktop
        
               | kennywinker wrote:
               | Just in time for the tenth anniversary of the year of
               | luigi
        
               | robbiep wrote:
               | That's about when fusion is going to be commercially
               | viable I think?
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | latchkey wrote:
             | The heartbeat PoS network is running today and has been
             | running for over a year now. The next step is to merge the
             | PoW consensus model onto the PoS network.
             | 
             | The last date was supposed to be around June, but seems
             | like that will get pushed to August (or later) now. Yes, it
             | is comical that the dates keep slipping.
             | 
             | That said, changing the consensus model for a network with
             | multi billion $'s worth of value stored in it, isn't
             | something you just do with a lot of thoughts and prayers. I
             | don't blame them for taking their time with this
             | transition.
        
             | ATsch wrote:
             | At this point I can't help but feel like the main
             | deliverable of "ETH going PoS" is being able to dismiss
             | claims about the obvious wastefulness of the system, not
             | the actual transition.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | I feel like it's obvious that the goal of the the
               | transition wouldn't just be the transition itself? I'm
               | confused.
               | 
               | There's _some_ difference between  "so they can dismiss
               | claims about wastefulness" and "so it isn't wasteful" but
               | that's a pretty small distinction. I don't really care
               | which of those two is a bigger motivator.
        
             | 4ggr0 wrote:
             | I think they're talking about the same year when Linux will
             | become mainstream for desktops.
        
             | rvz wrote:
             | > It feels like ETH has been "about to be PoS within a
             | year" for like five years now.
             | 
             | Except that it _is_.
             | 
             | Imagine promising your clients and telling them to wait _'
             | for a year'_ for the team to fix these fundamental issues
             | in your product and have them lose millions on your missed
             | estimates whilst you keep postponing and delaying the fixes
             | for 5 years.
             | 
             | At some point, these clients will give up waiting and move
             | elsewhere. Happened to the first NFT project on Ethereum
             | (CryptoKitties) and now BAYC is considering doing the same.
             | 
             | So given that situation, the longer they delay and postpone
             | it the worse it gets.
        
               | adhesive_wombat wrote:
               | > Imagine promising your clients and telling them to wait
               | 'for a year' for the team to fix these fundamental issues
               | in your product and have them lose millions on your
               | missed estimates whilst you keep postponing and delaying
               | the fixes for 5 years.
               | 
               | Basically any large organization IT project, defense
               | project or anything which a politician touches after the
               | sign off, then.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | BAYC is moving off ETH?
        
             | xur17 wrote:
             | I'd say I'm 95% confident that it will be within a year.
             | The code is written, and multiple waves of simulated merges
             | have occurred. The last 2 found small, non-blocking bugs
             | that were fixed, so it's a matter of when, not if at this
             | point.
        
           | thebigman433 wrote:
           | What makes you think the POS change will happen within a year
           | at this point? Its been continually delayed, and the last
           | word is that it will be "a few months after June"
        
             | ChrisClark wrote:
             | Because of the constant consistent progress, the second
             | "shadow merge" completing successfully (testing the change
             | to POS), the little to no bugs found in the various POS
             | clients during these tests, etc.
             | 
             | The slowness is a feature, an upgrade like this has to go
             | perfectly, too much money is at stake.
        
           | quickthrower2 wrote:
           | That is a bit like saying Amazon shareholders are only going
           | to buy for the AWS revenue and not the Amazon.com sales.
           | 
           | Miners of all people do detailed calculations to the nth
           | degree. "Gas war"s will make more incentive for people to
           | start buying up more cards and heating their basements.
        
           | jjulius wrote:
           | >Regardless of all of that, Ethereum will be on proof of
           | stake within a year (wouldn't be surprised if it's 3 or 4
           | months at this point), at which point the CO2 argument will
           | go away altogether).
           | 
           | Quoting for posterity.
        
             | quickthrower2 wrote:
             | Do you think this is too optimistic?
             | 
             | https://manifold.markets/LarsDoucet/will-ethereum-switch-
             | to-...
        
               | jjulius wrote:
               | I have no position.
        
             | xur17 wrote:
             | I'd be happy to make a bet based upon this statement.
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | See my sister comment:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31241852 you can bet
               | there, using free paper money and if you win donate (via
               | conversion) to charity which is cool.
        
           | rhacker wrote:
           | Thanks for this explanation. It helps to hear that about ETH.
        
           | kennywinker wrote:
           | Your position seems to be that CO2 isn't linked to computing
           | specific transactions, it's just the amount of mining on the
           | network at any given time. But that could still very easily
           | be expressed in terms of CO2. I.e. "during the time these
           | transactions were monopolizing the network, the carbon
           | equivalent of n acres of rainforest were burnt".
           | 
           | Proof of stake doesn't actually eliminate the carbon impact
           | of these systems, it just improves the efficiency. There are
           | still many computers running for the express purpose of
           | buying autographed drawings of monkeys.
        
             | rglullis wrote:
             | It improves the efficiency 10000-fold. You can run a
             | Ethereum validator node on a 10W celeron, underclock it,
             | and still be fine.
             | 
             | There are ~380k validators on the beacon chain now. There
             | are 20M PS5 + Xbox sold already. A video game console
             | consumes as much as 300W during usage, and even on _idle_
             | can consume as much as a validator.
        
               | kennywinker wrote:
               | Seems like someone should go update the wikipedia article
               | then
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_stake
               | 
               | > In 2021 a study by the University of London found that
               | in general the energy consumption of the Proof-of Work
               | based Bitcoin was about 1,000 times higher than that of
               | the highest consuming proof of stake system that was
               | studied
               | 
               | 1,000x is not 10,000x
               | 
               | > They also couldn't find the energy consumption of a
               | proof of stake system on a large scale as such a system
               | does not exist at the time of the report.[16][17]
               | 
               | Big systems have big side effects. As others have said,
               | I'll believe it when I see it.
        
             | joshcryer wrote:
             | The entire ETH VM is running at about 0.8 MIPS right now.
             | Yes. That is not an exaggeration, current gas limit is 30
             | million / 3 gas for simpliest add instruction / 12 seconds
             | per block. The calculation power of the network is
             | absolutely inconsequential to the operation of the network.
             | 99.999% of all the energy used is just for Proof of Work.
             | Once they move to Proof of Stake, if they even do, most of
             | the power usage will be to run the hard drives to hold the
             | increasingly massive ledger that will spawn from it.
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | For humour sake, if I had time i would set up a raspberry
               | pi to run psql and node and provide an alternative
               | centralised blockchain that would compete
               | computationally.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | er4hn wrote:
       | A significant source of waste in Ethereum/Bitcoin is transaction
       | tips in order to process a transaction within a certain
       | timeframe. This is in turn tied to the notion of wanting a
       | consistent global state for everyone to operate under.
       | 
       | If there was not a global state, but a set of transactions that
       | flow across nodes this would significantly improve the throughput
       | of the overall system. In other words, the state of an account
       | gradually flows across the system of nodes. Are there any
       | projects out there like that?
        
         | sharperguy wrote:
         | Bitcoin's lightning network achieves this by using the base
         | transactions stored on the blockchain only as a fall-back, so
         | that many transactions can be performed without needing to be
         | globally synchronized. Only in the case that a partner fails to
         | follow the established rules of engagement between nodes, a
         | transaction must be created on chain, to "force" the correct
         | outcome.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning_Network
        
         | TazeTSchnitzel wrote:
         | The problem with such a system is the opportunities for
         | arbitrage, right?
        
         | skulk wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_clearing_house
         | 
         | A specific project: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACH_Network
        
         | joshuamorton wrote:
         | This invites double spends.
        
         | toraway1234 wrote:
        
       | floatinglotus wrote:
       | This is the type of stuff that makes me laugh.
        
       | dylkil wrote:
       | how do these ignorant takes get upvoted on a tech board like this
        
         | vnchr wrote:
         | I have to agree. It starts with irresponsible journalism that
         | is misrepresenting what actually happened. Nothing broke.
        
         | vba616 wrote:
         | I don't understand why or how they think resources were wasted.
         | 
         | I mean, it might be true, since I don't know how Ethereum
         | works.
         | 
         | But I don't see where it says or implies or explains that the
         | fees represented real resources lost - rather than money
         | transferred.
        
           | robbiep wrote:
           | Some of the transaction fee is literally burned/ceases to
           | exist. Some fraction of it is also printed but some goes away
           | completely. As I understand it.
        
             | ldiracdelta wrote:
             | Sounds like currency deflation. There are winners in
             | deflation too.
        
       | soared wrote:
       | I pray that the inevitable nft/crypto bubble pop does not trickle
       | into the rest of the economy. I'd love to believe the ape nft
       | stuff is also mid 20s kids like me messing around, but I'd
       | imagine there is a whole lot of institutional money fooling
       | around with similar projects.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Considering Fidelity is literally starting to offer crypto
         | trading in 401k accounts, that ship might have sailed already
        
           | Geee wrote:
           | I believe that Fidelity allows investing in bitcoin, not
           | crypto in general.
        
           | soared wrote:
           | True. Fidelity was mining bitcoins for years before other
           | institutional investors were involved and they likely hold
           | massive reserves. I just hope they've insulated themselves
           | against the risk.
        
           | xmprt wrote:
           | Cryptocurrency trading can be a legitimate way to diversify
           | risk. Of course people should know what they're getting into
           | before they start and it's very likely to fail but I trust
           | institutional traders more than anyone else to actually make
           | money off of cryptocurrencies.
        
         | rhizome wrote:
         | I figure NFTs are an attempt to materialize cryptocurrency so
         | that it does trickle into the rest of the economy.
         | 
         | > _I'd imagine there is a whole lot of institutional money
         | fooling around with similar projects._
         | 
         | If it's your trashcoin/NFT/whatever, you're at the top of the
         | pyramid no matter what. There's no downside in convincing
         | people to contribute cold hard cash to your new soared-coin.
        
       | daenz wrote:
       | The final paragraph sums it up nicely:
       | 
       | >We've seen this story a million times before: Crypto project is
       | launched. Something goes wrong. Founders, investors, whales, and
       | some of the community make out like bandits. Most people are left
       | out on the cold, only to be offered another, even greater
       | opportunity with an upcoming token or project. Surely this time
       | will be different.
       | 
       | I don't see how anyone can read about these crypto projects and
       | see anything other than an extremely elaborate scam.
        
         | annoyingnoob wrote:
         | > even greater opportunity with an upcoming token or project.
         | Surely this time will be different.
         | 
         | Get in on the ground floor now! Be the next whale.
        
         | danans wrote:
         | > I don't see how anyone can read about these crypto projects
         | and see anything other than an extremely elaborate scam.
         | 
         | My theory is that we live in a society that has long glamorized
         | the get-rich-quick scheme (until it is revealed as a scam), and
         | there a lot of people who have seen other people getting rich
         | through technology investments (as opposed to technology work),
         | and they don't want to "miss the boat" this time.
        
           | nikanj wrote:
           | We go further than that: we glamorize the get-rich-quick
           | schemes even after they're revealed as scams. The scammers
           | get to keep their money, and launch successful careers as
           | motivational speakers / authors (of books detailing their
           | crimes) / etc.
           | 
           | The Wolf of Wall Street was widely admired even though he was
           | a criminal.
        
           | LordDragonfang wrote:
           | I mean, that kind of gets at the fundamental conceit of
           | Marxist critiques of capitalism, doesn't it? That there are
           | two classes of individual, an upper class of those who
           | primarily get their income by owning assets and not doing
           | work (the titular capitalists) and an underclass of those get
           | their income for doing actual work (the proletariat).
           | 
           | Everyone is incentivized to join to the upper class by
           | easiest and most accessible means possible, and get-rich-
           | quick schemes are the natural endpoint of that incentive.
        
           | canadaduane wrote:
           | I wonder what would happen if we (as a society) took each
           | case of got-rich-through-a-get-rich-quick-scheme and analyzed
           | it like we do post-mortems--with "the social contract failed
           | here, what went wrong?" kind of twist. No one's to blame. We
           | just want it to be more effective and productive for everyone
           | next time.
        
         | UncleEntity wrote:
         | > I don't see how anyone can read about these crypto projects
         | and see anything other than an extremely elaborate scam.
         | 
         | Maybe they read _The Billion Dollar Mistake_ paper and were
         | like "meh, that's peanuts, we can do much better!"
        
         | Geee wrote:
         | It's very profitable to create a token, pump up the price and
         | run with the money, rather than actually building something
         | actually useful. Combine that with the fact that it's
         | incredibly hard or impossible to build something useful on a
         | blockchain. This means that the incentives simply aren't there
         | for non-scam projects. All currently functioning products are
         | directly or indirectly just fueling this broken incentive
         | model.
         | 
         | In 2017, people tried to innovate and imagine new applications
         | for blockchain. There was AirBnB on blockchain, Uber on
         | blockchain, dentists on blockchain, and thousands of other
         | projects. All of these failed (their founders got rich), and
         | now the whole space has devolved into just JPGs and blatant
         | Ponzi-schemes with imaginary yields and elaborate "tokenomics".
         | They aren't even trying to build anything useful anymore.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | I think the real discussion is what kind of launch is best.
         | Yuga Labs specifically decided against a Dutch auction, lending
         | on their credibility to make it seem like that something to
         | believe in, and then they did this fiasco instead. Some people
         | are saying "false dilemma, a raffle would have been better!"
         | okay, would a raffle be better?
         | 
         | What about a raffle and dutch auction?
         | 
         | What about a dutch auction at 5 ether instead of 2.5 ether in
         | Ape coin, which is the floor price of the "Land" now.
         | 
         | Even if you don't want to have a conversation that nuanced, it
         | would be the most productive conversation to have _now_.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | With Bitcoin there was the promise (and to a tiny extent still
         | is) the promise of it becoming a disruptive technology.
         | 
         | With the apes there is no illusion of this being a greater fool
         | scheme.
         | 
         | I wonder how close they are skirting to illegally running a
         | ponzi or pyramid scheme?
         | 
         | The only source of income or growth for this investment is new
         | people buying in. It is worse than amway, herbilife, penny
         | stocks. Probably similar to madoff except the idiots who buy
         | will not be angry at the creators when they lose their shirts.
         | See safemoon exit scam for an early view, or indeed any other
         | crypto ponzi since 2008.
        
         | dvtrn wrote:
         | At least with regards to one person I previously thought was
         | someone who would otherwise "know better" after an incredibly
         | confusing conversation about their NFT Group "recruiting"
         | people from poor communities (their definition of recruiting
         | meant nothing more than getting them to create accounts on
         | OpenSea and buying shit)...they don't care.
         | 
         | The greater fool theory handcuffs has them locked in TIGHT. I
         | mean the fact that they call what they're doing "recruiting" is
         | full of all kinds of ugly signals.
         | 
         | I don't talk to them anymore.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | The cryptocurrencies themselves aren't scams. BTC and ETH are
         | here to stay and there are other good coins like XMR.
         | 
         | It's the shitcoin casino that's bad. All people have to do is
         | avoid it.
        
         | siftrics wrote:
         | Because they know more than surface-level details and
         | understand that trustless, permission-less financial systems
         | offer a huge amount of value, especially to those in less-
         | developed and authoritarian countries, who are regularly abused
         | by a small group of people running their country's financial
         | affairs.
         | 
         | But that doesn't apply to you because you live in the developed
         | world, where you've never had to deal with not being allowed a
         | bank account or extortionist fees or the government simply
         | coming and seizing your assets for an arbitrary, amoral reason.
        
           | vosper wrote:
           | I'm sure these authoritarian governments are definitely just
           | going to sit by while some foreign technology disrupts their
           | control of the financial system.
           | 
           | The Security XKCD says it better - it even uses the term
           | "crypto"!
           | 
           | https://xkcd.com/538/
        
             | siftrics wrote:
             | You make a good point, but this is still a step in the
             | right direction.
             | 
             | This offers users the chance to flee their country and
             | retain their assets. Good luck getting your assets out of a
             | legacy banking system in such a country.
        
           | dvtrn wrote:
           | _or the government simply coming and seizing your assets for
           | an arbitrary, amoral reason._
           | 
           | You mean people don't like it when the large amorphous and
           | powerful body that asks its constituents to trust it _pulls
           | the rug_ , and all of their currency out from under them?
        
             | siftrics wrote:
             | Red herring.
             | 
             | I'm not arguing for any system that has the power to rug
             | their constituents, crypto systems included.
             | 
             | Crypto at least enables systems to be built. It's up to you
             | to either trust it without any due diligence or read the
             | source code yourself.
             | 
             | This is a step in the right direction for people who like
             | to assume their own risk and don't like to pay for the bad
             | decision-making of others.
        
               | dvtrn wrote:
               | _It 's up to you to either trust it without any due
               | diligence or read the source code yourself._
               | 
               | I suppose so, but given that your entire conceit started
               | off with a defense of people in under-developed nations,
               | and their access to capital and money, is this really
               | about serving those people? If so, how are people in a
               | country with heavily-devalued currencies under
               | authoritarian regimes served by reading source code for
               | cryptocurrencies? How many people in these countries are
               | you expecting to pop open a laptop and start reading the
               | ETH source before they can buy these digital coins and
               | buy their next meal with it?
               | 
               | I'm sorry but the response here of "just read the source
               | code", given you yourself are holding up impoverished
               | nations, where people are not even "allowed a bank
               | account" as beneficiaries of cryptocurrencies is some
               | LOUD hubris.
               | 
               |  _This is a step in the right direction for people who
               | like to assume their own risk_
               | 
               | Isn't this something someone can already do on
               | established markets in the physical world?
               | 
               |  _don 't like to pay for the bad decision-making of
               | others_
               | 
               | Isn't this _exactly_ what just happened in the article we
               | 're discussing right now in this thread?
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | >Isn't this something someone can already do on
               | established markets in the physical world?
               | 
               | Name one trustless, permission-less system that avoids
               | the double spending problem. I would love to know about
               | it.
               | 
               | >Isn't this exactly what just happened in the article
               | we're discussing right now in this thread?
               | 
               | I don't know what you're saying. Participants could do
               | their due diligence and fully understand the risks before
               | participating. Who paid for someone else's screw up?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | HomeGear wrote:
           | The "developed world" is who is holding the values up. Crypto
           | is not a savings account for poor people to avoid
           | authoritarian governments. It has no use. It's nothing more
           | than gambling at this point.
        
           | nawgz wrote:
           | > Because they know more than surface-level details
           | 
           | Implying those who criticize a project or idea simply lack
           | knowledge is facile; you mightaswell just write "because
           | they're haters"
           | 
           | > you've never had to deal with not being allowed a bank
           | account or extortionist fees or the government simply coming
           | and seizing your assets for an arbitrary, amoral reason
           | 
           | So, you argue some value exists in Bitcoin as a political
           | tool to subvert dictatorial influence; what exactly does that
           | do to justify massive compute requiring fees 10-100x greater
           | than the transaction value and associated use of real-world
           | energy? Why would another system not serve this same idea in
           | a better way? What guarantees do people using this as a
           | financial system that it will deliver this value?
           | 
           | Ultimately, what you're saying is "this absurdly compute- and
           | energy-heavy system serves an unintended purpose slightly
           | better than the status quo it competes against in some
           | circumstances, and that justifies all its downsides". I don't
           | really agree with that, and I don't understand why you can't
           | have an honest conversation with nuance about it
        
             | siftrics wrote:
             | > what exactly does that do to justify massive compute
             | requiring fees 10-100x greater than the transaction value
             | and associated use of real-world energy?
             | 
             | You're confused. Bitcoin does not have such fees. Ethereum,
             | while it does have such fees, is moving to proof-of-stake
             | and the energy argument no longer holds up. There are
             | numerous non-PoW chains already actively used, for which
             | the energy argument does not hold up.
             | 
             | This is the only way we know how to avoid double-spending
             | in a trustless, permission-less way. If you know of another
             | way that maintains those two properties, I would love to
             | learn about it.
        
               | nawgz wrote:
               | > You're confused. Bitcoin does not have such fees
               | 
               | This is an Ethereum thread, is it not?
               | 
               | > Ethereum, while it does have such fees, is moving to
               | proof-of-stake and the energy argument no longer holds
               | up.
               | 
               | Um, excuse me, Ethereum very much has these fees still,
               | so the argument is extremely valid in the moment;
               | additionally, this "proof of stake" movement was meant to
               | occur in 2019 no? They are 3 years late and at best 1/3
               | complete, 9 years of delay sounds about right - this
               | space is full of speculation and grifters treating that
               | speculation as truth to grift.
               | 
               | > There are numerous non-PoW chains
               | 
               | That have extremely unstable financial valuations,
               | destroying the credibility of them as alternatives to
               | existing financial systems.
               | 
               | Your arguments hold no water, they require hypothetical
               | futures and blatantly false things to hold, so why are
               | you making them?
               | 
               | > This is the only way we know how to avoid double-
               | spending in a trustless, permission-less way
               | 
               | The value prop of this is 0 today. Maybe it's even a net
               | negative on the world, with the transactions on these
               | chains having an extremely significant scam rate while
               | also using more energy than entire mid-sized countries do
               | to literally exist. You need to justify why "trustless
               | and permissionless" are important before you can just say
               | "we need systems with these properties!". I can only feel
               | that you are financially deep into these systems and
               | rationalizing to hold your position, you seem like you'd
               | be perfectly capable of constructing good arguments when
               | not emotionally compromised by the topic.
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | You literally said
               | 
               | > So, you argue some value exists in __Bitcoin__ as a
               | political tool to subvert dictatorial influence; what
               | exactly does that do to justify massive compute requiring
               | fees 10-100x greater than the transaction value and
               | associated use of real-world energy?
               | 
               | So yes, you're wrong about Bitcoin having such fees.
               | 
               | > the transactions on these chains having an extremely
               | significant scam rate
               | 
               | Sure, let's re-assert the power of authoritarian regimes
               | over their people because some people don't do their due
               | diligence. Once again, someone argues that completely
               | unrelated individuals should be punished for the bad-
               | decision making of others.
        
               | nawgz wrote:
               | > You literally said
               | 
               | My mistake, I meant Ethereum of course.
               | 
               | > Sure, let's re-assert the power of authoritarian
               | regimes over their people because some people don't do
               | their due diligence
               | 
               | Your argument is that people subjected to dictatorial
               | misgivings in the financial realm should become internet
               | and tech literate enough to... pick a chain with a stable
               | valuation and guaranteed low fees and no scammers? You
               | must be joking me, or literally paid to write what you
               | are writing.
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | > pick a chain with a stable valuation and guaranteed low
               | fees
               | 
               | There are numerous chains with sub one-cent transaction
               | fees which have tokens pegged to the dollar.
               | 
               | I can move arbitrary amounts of an asset which is 99%
               | correlated with the US dollar at any time I want with
               | only an internet connection. No governments or regulators
               | need to give me the go ahead. Granted, I wouldn't want to
               | evade regulations or break laws in a developed country.
               | But it's a nice escape hatch for when you really, truly
               | disagree with such laws and regulations and you need to
               | GTFO of your country forever.
               | 
               | It seems as though you're arguing that, if crypto existed
               | during WWII, refugees should be forced to give up all
               | their assets and life savings in order to save their own
               | life. Why?
        
         | atwebb wrote:
         | There's a lot of people who haven't played the game yet or
         | think they know it better this time.
        
       | can16358p wrote:
       | That money is not exactly wasted, it's gone to miners.
       | 
       | And how does Ethereum "break" exactly? It was just bloated with
       | many transactions, creating a bottleneck, which is perfectly
       | expected for a hyped project like this.
        
         | rglullis wrote:
         | > it's gone to miners.
         | 
         | No, the base fee is burned (i.e, removed from the available
         | supply). Since Ethereum's EIP-1155 (which changed the rules for
         | pricing and mining rewards, miners only get to keep a "tip")
         | 
         | Anyway, I'd also say that they were not wasted. Worst case
         | scenario, these gigantic token burns reduce the supply and make
         | all the token holders a bit richer.
        
           | can16358p wrote:
           | Oops, missed that, right.
           | 
           | Yeah, even though miners get only a part of the ether, it
           | still valuates the currency when it's burned.
        
       | Gordonjcp wrote:
       | We are boiling the oceans with this pointless shit, too.
        
       | SlyShy wrote:
       | Nothing broke, the dynamic fee market worked exactly as intended.
       | Contrast with Solana which actually went offline for 7 hours that
       | same day.
        
         | rvz wrote:
         | So it essentially means that Ethereum is unable to globally
         | scale or to be usable for anything on-chain at all except for
         | millionaires wasting (and losing) $10k - $100k in fees for
         | silly JPEG images, otherwise why are these same Ethereum
         | proponents complaining that it is a problem?
         | 
         | Regardless, Both Ethereum, and Solana were unusable on that day
         | and as it stands are still unsuitable for anything _' high
         | demand'_.
        
           | rglullis wrote:
           | Except that anyone with a minimal involvement with Ethereum
           | already knows that the base layer is _not_ meant to be used
           | on day-to-day operations.
           | 
           | We already learned about the decentralization trillema. The
           | strategy to scale Ethereum through will be through the
           | adoption of "layer-2" systems, where _users_ are expected to
           | be doing their transactions and avoid these costly
           | transactions altogether.
           | 
           | There are roll-ups already dealing with NFT marketplaces [0].
           | There are roll-ups that can execute any type of ethereum
           | smart contract [1] [2]. There are payment channels that allow
           | completely decentralized and gas-less transfers of ERC-20
           | tokens [3].
           | 
           | [0] https://loopring.io
           | 
           | [1] https://optimism.io/
           | 
           | [2] https://offchainlabs.com/
           | 
           | [3] https://raiden.network
        
             | Invictus0 wrote:
             | This comment is hilarious from an outsider's perspective.
             | For all I know, you may as well be describing the
             | turboencabulator.
        
             | rvz wrote:
             | > Except that anyone with a minimal involvement with
             | Ethereum already knows that the base layer is not meant to
             | be used on day-to-day operations.
             | 
             | Despite all those contraptions existing for years, BAYC
             | still chose the Ethereum L1 since that has the most
             | liquidity there and all the _millionaires_ will certainly
             | congest and grind the network to a halt just like they did
             | with the CryptoKitties hype years ago. Here we are, this is
             | no different.
             | 
             | Anything _' on-chain'_ is the whole point of Ethereum.
             | These contraptions that you are showing are all off-chain,
             | once again defeating the point of using the Ethereum
             | blockchain for on-chain activities in the first place. Not
             | only it has been admitted that Ethereum cannot scale
             | properly and is useless for anything on-chain it needs an
             | entire ecosystem of insecure, fragmented and beyond
             | complicated layer 2 contraptions to _' speed it up'_.
             | 
             | These tools also have a tendency to go down or halt,
             | hinting that they are not as 'decentralized' as they say
             | they are either.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | > Regardless, Both Ethereum, and Solana were unusable on that
           | day and as it stands are still unsuitable for anything 'high
           | demand'.
           | 
           | "its too crowded so nobody goes there"
           | 
           | yes, if you want to launch a premium product right now, you
           | launch it on the chain people will pay to go to
           | 
           | you can play with the "poors" on Polygon and BSC. The lower
           | barrier of entry makes it even more cluttered with ignorable
           | projects. (Solana is cheap too but is attracting large
           | premium projects and communities as well)
        
       | chris123 wrote:
       | Prepare for all of justifications and cognitive dissonance, all
       | these centralized projects (I won't use the s-word)
        
       | WYepQ4dNnG wrote:
       | I wished people would care more for the real world than virtual
       | land and racing to Mars ... awful times we live in ..
        
       | als0 wrote:
       | Just wondering... Weren't they going to move to proof of stake?
        
         | nrmitchi wrote:
         | Pretty sure ethereum pos is going to show up around the same
         | time tesla's FSD does.
         | 
         | Ie, "next year", every year.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | Etherium's move to proof of stake is expected to happen shortly
         | after Godot shows up.
        
         | pawelduda wrote:
         | Recently it was delayed but supposedly still on track before
         | EOY
        
           | postalrat wrote:
           | "supposedly still on track before EOY"
           | 
           | Nice way to say "never".
        
           | fredoliveira wrote:
           | Just history repeating itself, honestly. It's been delayed so
           | many times, even the optimist in me is starting to doubt this
           | is really it.
        
           | annoyingnoob wrote:
           | Same as last year?
        
             | manquer wrote:
             | and every year for the last 5
        
       | sva_ wrote:
       | I wonder at what point you might call these NFTs a successful
       | DDoS on the eth blockchain.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | So Yuga sold 55,000 deeds to parcels in "Otherside", a virtual
       | world that doesn't exist yet. 45,000 deeds were distributed to
       | insiders.
       | 
       | So what happened? 96,000 of those "Otherdeeds" are now for sale
       | on OpenSea.[1] Some of the rest are for sale on Rareable. Few
       | buyers.
       | 
       | [1] https://opensea.io/collection/otherdeed
        
         | onepointsixC wrote:
         | Are we looking at the same thing? I'm seeing 6,000 sales just
         | today, with an average price of 9.8 Eth [1]. That looks like a
         | lot of buying and selling to me.
         | 
         | [1]: https://opensea.io/collection/otherdeed?tab=activity
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | This will have to wait on chain analysis, but many of those
           | transactions involve the same addresses. We may be watching
           | wash sales.
           | 
           | This was supposed to be an item people would hold. That's not
           | happening. Almost all the items are on the market.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | wow double misunderstanding. OpenSea reads the blockchain
             | for all NFTs. You have to explicitly delist for it _not_ to
             | show.
             | 
             | and then back with the wash trading assumption. it only
             | takes you trying to buy or sell a popular NFT once for
             | _you_ to know that you didn 't trade it between your own
             | address, even if those that would yell "source thats its
             | _not_ wash trading!? " won't believe you
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | I'm an outsider to the whole NFT thing but I'm pretty sure
         | you're misreading this.
         | 
         | I clicked the "on auction" filter and see 192 'parcels' or w/e
         | for sale right now, the rest are listed on OpenSea but that
         | doesn't imply that someone can buy them.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | The ones that aren't on auction have a "Buy Now" button. It's
           | like eBay.
        
       | danans wrote:
       | > And a gas war did begin, as soon as the 9 PM ET sale kicked
       | off. 64,219 ETH was burned over the weekend on transaction fees
       | according to Etherscan--that's over $180 million at today's
       | prices, most of which is now gone forever due to Ethereum's burn.
       | 
       | Probably impossible to know, but I wonder how much actual gas (or
       | other fossil fuel) got burned to power this episode.
        
         | tofuahdude wrote:
         | Impossible to know because this is not how mining works.
        
         | ChrisClark wrote:
         | The exact same amount that got burnt on a slow cheap day.
         | Miners don't suddenly spin up hundreds more GPUs when the
         | network gets congested.
         | 
         | Creating a block costs the exact same energy whether it's full
         | of high fees, low fees, or completely empty.
         | 
         | And orders of magnitude less energy than bitcoin uses.
        
           | danans wrote:
           | > The exact same amount that got burnt on a slow cheap day
           | 
           | How much is that? And what percentage of it went toward
           | powering this event vs the value in $ created by it?
           | 
           | > And orders of magnitude less energy than bitcoin uses.
           | 
           | It's not even 1 order of magnitude less. More like 1/2 of
           | bitcoin's energy consumption.
           | 
           | https://digiconomist.net/ethereum-energy-consumption/
           | 
           | https://digiconomist.net/bitcoin-energy-consumption/
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | More previous discussion:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31224513
        
       | ilaksh wrote:
       | There are other cryptocurrencies. For example Algorand could
       | handle the traffic and the fees are less than a penny per
       | transaction.
        
       | Taniwha wrote:
       | "cryptocurrency" hah! It's not a viable currency until its
       | transaction costs are comparable with me using a $20 note at the
       | corner store
        
       | andreisbc wrote:
       | Kadena is probably the only proof of work blockchain that's
       | infinitely scalable, has low gas fees, even introduces the
       | concept of gas stations. They just announced a $100M fund for
       | development.
        
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       (page generated 2022-05-02 23:02 UTC)