[HN Gopher] Small cars are getting larger - are fuel economy reg...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Small cars are getting larger - are fuel economy regulations to
       blame?
        
       Author : aarghh
       Score  : 50 points
       Date   : 2022-04-30 19:54 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.thedrive.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.thedrive.com)
        
       | Zak wrote:
       | It seems to me the problem with the footprint model is much the
       | same as the previous model holding "trucks" to a different
       | standard: it's treating size as a good reason for people to buy
       | less efficient cars.
       | 
       | Size is occasionally a good reason. Someone who needs to carry 15
       | passengers needs a van, and someone with a heavy load to haul
       | needs a truck. The trend in the US, however has been for people
       | who only _need_ cars to drive trucks and large SUVs.
       | 
       | Outright telling people what to drive seems like government
       | overreach to me, but there may be another way: adjust the
       | standards so that large vehicles don't get special treatment.
       | Selling too many large vehicles would then hurt a car
       | manufacturer's average and they would be incentivized to stop
       | making such vehicles as appealing for everyday use, e.g. by
       | removing luxury options.
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | Unintended consequences are real.
        
       | NikolaNovak wrote:
       | I feel this is completely and ignorantly misstating reality.
       | 
       | Yes, e.g. Golf has grown over last few decades. I assume this is
       | so each and every year they can say in marketing materials that
       | it's a bit bigger and better, or that it's biggest and best in
       | its category, however that category is conveniently defined.
       | 
       | But now there are two more cars underneath it in vw range - Lupo
       | and Polo!
       | 
       | Same for any other car mentioned - sure Honda Civic is bigger.
       | But Honda fit now occupies it's previous spot. And so on for all
       | manufacturers - any given name plate gets bigger and better but
       | something slots underneath. Tuscon is what Santa fe was 20 years
       | ago. Etc etc.
       | 
       | I find the premise deeply flawed and whole content of article a
       | sloppy p0st hoc rationalization based on flawed premise.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Since this article is about American regulations, the existence
         | of the Lupo, Polo, and Fit are irrelevant. None of those cars
         | are sold in the U.S.
        
           | NikolaNovak wrote:
           | But they ARE made. I don't think golf grew because of usa
           | regulations. I think golf grew for other reasons - and then
           | consumer preference , profit margins, safety, and fuel
           | regulations combined to guide what is feasible to sell in
           | USA.
           | 
           | Article's premise of cause and effect (these models grew
           | because of usa fuel regulations) is I believe thusly easily
           | disproven.
           | 
           | Don't get me wrong, I personally love small economic
           | hatchbacks. But my values and politics and environmental
           | thoughts are irrelevant - golf grew across the world for
           | reasons many and various outside of usa laws... And other
           | small models replaced it. This appears to be a multi decade
           | strategy across the board.
        
         | aczerepinski wrote:
         | I've never heard of the VW Lupo or Polo so I looked them up. No
         | mention of either on vw.com. Wikipedia says the Lupo was
         | discontinued on 2005. The Polo has never been sold in the US
         | and its popularity is steadily declining in Europe (as measured
         | by sales figures). The Honda Fit was discontinued in the US in
         | 2020.
        
           | NikolaNovak wrote:
           | See my other comment for usa vs world ; and names keep
           | changing - after lupo there was fox, etc etc. But as golf
           | grew there were always smaller models.
           | 
           | Toyota corolla grew and was replaced by Yaris which became
           | echo or other way around which was discontinued but then
           | corolla got the iq and other small hatch versions.
           | 
           | Nissan sentra grew but then we got micra etc. My whole point
           | is forget specific names - models and Renaming aside, tiny
           | cars keep existing.
        
           | sundvor wrote:
           | Australia: The ~2008 1.8T Polo GTI was quite the little
           | ripper. Three door, manual, you could get an APR ECU tune
           | that unlocked the engine's true potential - identical with
           | and detuned from an Audi A3. So much fun in a small package,
           | I regretted selling it later.
           | 
           | It had full stability control and the full set of airbags, so
           | it was an early upspec for what would later become the norm
           | of safety features.
           | 
           | Looks like it's still being sold now but it is no longer the
           | same car.
        
       | adolph wrote:
       | The article has a pretty interesting argument and seems logical.
       | If a vehicle has some minimum set of vertexes and safety
       | equipment that are held constant despite size, then faced with
       | higher fuel economy standards the automaker can choose between
       | lengthening edges (cheap and certain) or changing engine
       | technology (expensive and risky).
       | 
       | "Generally, the larger the vehicle footprint, the lower the
       | corresponding vehicle fuel economy target. Footprint-based
       | standards help to distribute the burden of compliance across all
       | vehicles and all manufacturers. Manufacturers are not compelled
       | to build vehicles of any particular size or type (nor does the
       | proposed rule create an incentive to do so), and each
       | manufacturer will have its own fleet-wide production-weighted
       | standard that reflects the vehicles it chooses to produce." [0]
       | 
       | "CAFE standards signaled the end of the traditional long station
       | wagon, but Chrysler CEO Lee Iacocca developed the idea of
       | marketing the minivan as a station wagon alternative, while
       | certifying it in the separate truck category to allow compliance
       | with less-strict CAFE standards."
       | 
       | 0.
       | https://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/rulemaking/pdf/cafe/2017-2...
       | 
       | 1.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_average_fuel_economy...
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | Subaru was able to hack this by making their Legacy station
         | wagon a truck since Chrysler was able to game the system with
         | the PT Cruiser "truck".
        
       | twobitshifter wrote:
       | Although crossovers are mentioned what's not called out is the
       | platform sharing between crossovers and sedans. The platform will
       | be built for the high volume crossover and the sedan adapted to
       | it.
       | 
       | I also don't understand how the crosstrek gets to be a light
       | truck since it doesn't meet the first requirements of open bed/3
       | rows/10 pass. Maybe in this sentence the author meant "may
       | instead" instead of "must also"?
       | 
       | > Perhaps most crucially, however, light trucks must also meet a
       | set of measured requirements that deem them capable of "off-
       | highway operation."
       | 
       | Finally, I'd really like a full-size sedan but there's a lack of
       | options in the market right now. This used to be something that
       | dominated sales. The Civic is "growing" but it is still 20 inches
       | shorter than an 80s Olds 88? Even the extra long Audi a8 is five
       | inches shorter. Stretching a car in the middle should do little
       | to harm the fuel economy, all the heavy parts are already dealt
       | with, but it appears that available car lengths are being
       | squeezed at both ends. The subcompacts are vanishing but so are
       | the full size models.
        
         | dahdum wrote:
         | Guidelines read to me like just having the off-road capability
         | is sufficient, which makes sense as it's referring to non-
         | passenger automobiles in general.
         | 
         | https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-V/p...
        
       | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
       | I'd like to commend TFA for being (a) well written (b) full of
       | numerically based explanations of a numerical phenomenon (c)
       | providing plenty of links to dive in a bit deeper (d) properly
       | considering the complexity and broader context of the question in
       | its closing paragraphs. It feels rare to me to read articles that
       | manage to do all four of these, no matter what the topic is.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | The fuel economy regulations don't apply to electric cars, so
       | this may decrease as a problem as the fleet goes electric.
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | There is nothing you can change in the CAFE regs that will be as
       | simple, easy, and effective as a $5/gallon fuel tax.
       | 
       | By the way, one car that the article doesn't mention, which bucks
       | all these trends, is the Mazda MX-5 Miata. The 2022 model is very
       | similar in every dimension to the 1990 model, and uses 25% less
       | fuel despite having 50% more power. The later model weighs only
       | 10% more even though it meets 30 more years worth of crash
       | standards.
        
       | newaccount2021 wrote:
        
       | legitster wrote:
       | CAFE is not a particularly good law, but the arms race for crash
       | safety is clearly to blame. The majority of difference between a
       | 1990 Golf and a 2022 Golf is in the size and complexity of the
       | body. And if you need a 30% bigger and more expensive frame to
       | keep up your crash safety rating, you may as well add a few
       | inches of passenger room.
       | 
       | We also cannot flatly ignore consumer preference. Two door car
       | options used to be incredibly popular. But ask a new car buyer
       | today if they are willing to part with rear passenger doors to
       | save $1500 on their car and they will look at you like you are
       | crazy.
        
         | the__alchemist wrote:
         | Are 2 doors really that uncommon? Of the 4 cars I've owned, 3
         | have been 2-door. My brother's car is 2-door as well. I bet
         | there's a big split on this re if you normally drive by
         | yourself or with 1 passenger, vs with more than 1 other
         | passenger. Ie, people with families are more likely to not look
         | at 2-doors.
        
           | xboxnolifes wrote:
           | In the US, I can't recall the last time I've seen a 2-door
           | car outside of a smaller 2-door truck, and even those are
           | uncommon.
        
           | chrisseaton wrote:
           | Outside of sports cars and specialist off-road, looking at
           | the current ranges from manufacturers, you can only find
           | 3-door variants in the most extreme budget categories, and
           | often not at all.
        
             | aeyes wrote:
             | A lot of non budget cars from Europe have 3 door versions
             | for their current model years: Golf, BMW 1 series, Audi A3,
             | Mini Cooper
             | 
             | I'm not sure if those are sold in the United States, I
             | think you also aren't big fans of station wagons which are
             | very common in Europe.
        
               | Kye wrote:
               | We have weird things that are like an interpolation
               | between small trucks and big cars that fill the role of
               | station wagons. Stuff like the Ford Edge. They're not
               | quite SUVs, and they're not quite minivans. They're
               | called crossovers.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | Those are what I mean by the most extreme budget
               | categories of those manufacturers. Looking at their
               | websites they don't even seem to advertise them? Maybe
               | you have to special order them.
        
           | massysett wrote:
           | Nowadays in the USA at least, it's hard to even find a 2-door
           | pickup truck. Forget about a 2-door car unless it's a sports
           | coupe. Even a tiny cheap car like a Honda Fit or Nissan Versa
           | is 4 doors. And they eliminated mid-range coupes like the
           | Accord Coupe or Camry Solara.
        
         | x3iv130f wrote:
         | I think us as a society may need to accept that there is no
         | safe way to operate 3000+ lb vehicles at the speeds we do now
         | with our current system of roads and infrastructure.
        
           | legitster wrote:
           | On the contrary, driving has never been safer!
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle_fatality_rate_in.
           | ..
           | 
           | The only blip came from the introduction of smartphones
           | (distracted driving). But I think people just need to know
           | one of the tradeoffs has been fuel economy.
        
         | legitster wrote:
         | One of the first things that you learn with a fancy marketing
         | degree is that consumer responses to prices are not linear - if
         | you have to raise your price $1 because of some new regulation,
         | you may as well raise it $1.50 and add in a free drink.
        
         | _moof wrote:
         | _> But ask a new car buyer today if they are willing to part
         | with rear passenger doors to save $1500 on their car and they
         | will look at you like you are crazy._
         | 
         | Oh man, I would totally do this. I have so many other things I
         | want to spend $1500 on.
         | 
         | (Not saying the average car buyer would do this or trying to
         | dispute your point. Just sayin' _I_ would.)
        
           | legitster wrote:
           | Same. But then again I have yet to actually buy a new car in
           | my life. If I'm willing to buy a cheap car, I'd just as soon
           | buy used.
        
           | karaterobot wrote:
           | If I knew I could get a (late model, U.S. market) compact
           | pickup with 2 doors, where the vestigial passenger space most
           | trucks have was converted into an extra foot of bed length
           | instead, I think I would stop typing this comment and go buy
           | one right now.
        
             | SOLAR_FIELDS wrote:
             | I came here looking to comment similarly - one of the other
             | effects of the regulations not discussed in the article is
             | the near complete disappearance of two door pickups from
             | the American market. I have a two door, two seat 2008 Ford
             | Ranger with manual transmission. It has a 6 foot bed which
             | conveniently fits so many things, and it's also compact
             | enough to parallel park easily. I would love to upgrade to
             | a newer model but I fear there will never be another truck
             | that fits those requirements released again. Mine currently
             | has ~150k miles on it and I've owned it for a decade and I
             | fully intend to own it for another decade and another 150k
             | miles.
        
         | fiddlerwoaroof wrote:
         | I suspect there's something a bit like the "small phone"
         | problem: there's almost certainly a market for smaller sedans
         | and coupes, but for whatever reason companies have decided that
         | it's not worth their time to make cars for that market.
         | (There's a similar issue for families with 6+ kids, where
         | there's just not a lot of good options in the "more seats than
         | a minivan" space)
        
           | deadmutex wrote:
           | Ehn, didn't Apple over estimate the small phone market? It
           | seemed like a good idea on paper, and there were many vocal
           | supporters on the internet.. but at the end of the day, it
           | missed expectations.
        
             | jmisavage wrote:
             | Apple shot themselves in the foot with pricing. The 13 mini
             | is $699. While the old iPhone 11 which is still sold is
             | $499. The mini is better in every way, but that's a big
             | price difference. Even the new SE is roughly the same size
             | just with a inferior screen and it's only $429.
             | 
             | The iPad mini is in the same boat now too. It used to be
             | the most popular iPad for a while because it was also the
             | cheapest. But then they started updating it and moving it
             | up the pricing ladder. It's basically a smaller version of
             | the Air except that just got updated to a M1.
        
             | hedgehog wrote:
             | Two things about the iPhone situation make the result not
             | generalize. First, the Mini got a worse camera than the
             | larger models. Second, Apple waited years before
             | reintroducing a small phone so apps including theirs had
             | mostly moved on. The small screen user experience is
             | compromised in a way it wouldn't be if there had been
             | continuity.
        
             | deadmutex wrote:
             | Adding to that, I think there are tradeoffs you typically
             | make with small phones. E.g. worse battery life or slower
             | phones. Given these tradeoffs, people end up not choosing
             | small phones. If you could have same specs as an ultra or a
             | pro in a smaller body, that is a different story.
        
           | legitster wrote:
           | For both we are talking essentially about "affordable
           | options" - and the problem is twofold: they only make sense
           | with economies of scale, and they can end up cannibalizing
           | sales of existing products more than they generate sales.
        
       | noobermin wrote:
       | The fix is easy but politically difficult, remove the distinction
       | for light trucks or at least severely increase the standard for
       | them, then the benefit for crossovers will disappear.
       | 
       | The industry responded to regulations and they can respond again.
        
       | nradov wrote:
       | The whole notion of fuel economy regulations is so stupid. If we
       | want people to burn less fuel then just increase the tax on fuel
       | and let the market sort it out. Which is worse, a Chevrolet Tahoe
       | driven 3K miles per year or a Toyota Prius driven 25K miles per
       | year?
        
         | burlesona wrote:
         | Agreed. There's profound value in simple rules that we can
         | actually reason about. Yet it seems that governments are only
         | capable of _adding_ complexity on top of the existing mountain
         | of regulatory tech debt.
        
         | dlp211 wrote:
         | I agree with you in concept but in reality go ahead and try
         | passing a gas tax in the US. You will end your political career
         | and you won't get your tax.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | We already have a federal gas tax in the US. Most states also
           | impose their own gas taxes. Increasing the gas tax would be
           | politically difficult, which is why most serious proposals
           | call for coupling it to a cut in income taxes in order to
           | make the overall net change revenue neutral. The tax increase
           | would also have to be gradually phased in over 10+ years in
           | order to give consumers time to adjust.
        
             | massysett wrote:
             | Yikes that's a great recipe for a regressive tax hike. The
             | poor and working class feel the pinch every time gas prices
             | inch up. Those with higher incomes only notice at all if
             | they pay attention to the sign at the gas station--and many
             | don't and won't even bother to cross the road to save money
             | on gas.
        
               | hedgehog wrote:
               | In major metros it's even worse than that, the people
               | with the longest commutes are those who can't afford
               | housing in the city.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | No, you misunderstood my comment. The idea is to couple a
               | gas tax increase with an income tax decrease. If done
               | properly, most poor and working class would end up with a
               | net lower tax burden.
        
               | dlp211 wrote:
               | You think that poor and working class folks pay income
               | taxes? You'd have to pair it with a fully refundable tax
               | credit to make it even somewhat viable, but even then,
               | folks won't care. All they will see is money leaving
               | their pocket every time they visit gas station. I think
               | you over estimate the rationality of people.
        
             | jltsiren wrote:
             | Proposals like that create perverse incentives. If gas
             | taxes become a significant source of tax revenue, the
             | government starts depending on them, and lower gas
             | consumption starts looking like a threat. While consumers
             | would have the incentives to reduce gas consumption,
             | governments have many indirect ways of encouraging
             | activities that generate tax revenue.
        
         | noobermin wrote:
         | Why not do both?
        
         | peoplefromibiza wrote:
         | I wish that was true.
         | 
         | In my country taxes on gas are incredibly high, they account
         | for more than 70% of the cost at the pump, still we have one of
         | the highest number of cars per capita in Europe.
         | 
         | for comparison in USA gas costs around 70 Euro cents per liter,
         | while here is close to 2 euros per liter (depending on the
         | brand between 1.79 and 1.89).
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | The number of cars per capita isn't the real issue. The
           | problem is with CO2 and particulate emissions from car
           | engines. That problem could be significantly reduced with a
           | change in tax policy.
        
             | peoplefromibiza wrote:
             | those cars are not standing by in some residential
             | neighborhood with a lawn, they are constantly moving on the
             | streets of our cities.
             | 
             | I think it would be hard to make people pay more than that,
             | look at what happened in France with the gilets jaunes when
             | they tried.
             | 
             | The only possible way I see to reduce car traffic is to
             | stop making new roads, gradually close existing ones and
             | enhance public transport and proximity to allow people to
             | walk.
        
       | antisinguIarity wrote:
       | Yes. The EURO emissions regulations will make it essentially
       | impossible to sell a new, purely ICE-powered car in the near
       | future (in Europe). Every new car will be a bloated hybrid,
       | designed entirely to scrape through the emissions and efficiency
       | requirements.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Or electric. Which is good.
        
           | antisinguIarity wrote:
           | Hybrids have a much smaller battery, which will make them
           | cheaper.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | They are the worst of both worlds: anemic, still burning
             | fuel, hybrid complexity and combustion maintenance. BEVs or
             | bust, anything else is window dressing on tech we're
             | leaving behind.
             | 
             | BEVs will get cheaper faster as battery manufacturing
             | ramps. No need to waste any more effort on combustion
             | technology and infra.
        
               | twobitshifter wrote:
               | Disagree. It's the 80/20 rule, the PHEV will get you to
               | 80% of your destinations on electricity. Paying $20,000
               | more for a battery for the added range to make those last
               | 20% or trips isn't worth it. (And with the state of
               | charging, there are probably trips your EV can't make
               | that a PHEV can)
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | I'd rather see those KWHr distributed to as many vehicles
               | as possible, able to prevent 80% of the CO2 emissions
               | that they would generate, then hoard that capacity in a
               | single high end vehicle that won't even tap into it.
               | 
               | Hybrid gas engines should be sized to only operate the
               | vehicle on flat ground at highway speeds, so around
               | 10-15KW tops.
        
               | hedgehog wrote:
               | The gas engine should be able to handle a mountain pass
               | in hot or cold weather, closer to 150KW. That avoids
               | needing to carry enough battery for that use case.
        
               | noahtallen wrote:
               | Actually disagree, plug-in hybrids will run on battery
               | for most short trips in the city. It's cutting out all
               | the low hanging fruit for pollution. Most of your trips
               | on 20/30mph roads where fuel efficiency is poor. Stop and
               | go traffic. Sitting at a stoplight. If you're running on
               | battery in those scenarios, I'd say you're making a huge
               | improvement.
               | 
               | And then you still have gas for a longer trip somewhere
               | with no charging infra. But those trips will hopefully be
               | rarer. And when you're going 60+ mph on these longer
               | trips, you're only ever burning fuel at the engine's
               | better efficiency.
               | 
               | I think there's a good place for this tech in some
               | lifestyles.
               | 
               | EVs are obviously the future, but intermediate vehicles
               | to help people get into EVs aren't bad. If someone
               | chooses a plugin-hybrid over gas, but would have chosen
               | gas over EV for range and charging reasons, it's a good
               | improvement
        
               | chki wrote:
               | > Actually disagree, plug-in hybrids will run on battery
               | for most short trips in the city. It's cutting out all
               | the low hanging fruit for pollution.
               | 
               | That's true in theory. Unfortunately in practice - at
               | least where I live - Hybrids don't get charged at home.
               | People buy hybrids for the tax/other benefits but just
               | park them on public roads. Which means that you get the
               | worst possible state where you have pseudo-green ICE
               | vehicles that run with a lot of extra weight in the form
               | of a basically useless electric motor. (Except for
               | recuperating but that's not worth it)
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | They work fairly well for some use cases. I know a few
               | people who have plugin hybrids with maybe 50km battery
               | range; they typically commute entirely on the battery
               | (short urban commutes) and use the petrol engine maybe
               | once or twice a year for long journeys. The plug-in
               | hybrid is, of course, much cheaper than an electric car
               | that could handle the occasional long trips, but most of
               | their driving is on electric.
               | 
               | If you live in a city and mostly use the car for
               | commuting/shopping, this can make a lot of sense, and
               | that's not a small market.
               | 
               | One problem with this usage mode is that it can leave the
               | petrol engine unused for very long periods, which will
               | ultimately lead to problems (I think some hybrids will
               | now deliberately periodically run it for a bit to deal
               | with this).
        
               | manmal wrote:
               | I own an EV (Ioniq) and believe this is the future. But
               | Toyota Hybrids have been known to drive 400k miles
               | without major hiccups. There exist use cases that EVs
               | just can't fulfill right now. So why not save 30-40% fuel
               | while battery production is ramping, which will take a
               | few more years.
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | > They are the worst of both worlds: anemic, still
               | burning fuel
               | 
               | You should back up these strong opinions with some facts.
               | Hybrid batteries which minuscule compared to EVs, put out
               | 25kw+ instantaneous power. More than enough to beat ICE
               | cars across the intersection.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | I drive a PHEV (Ford C-Max) and I don't get the claim
               | that it's anemic. It spins the tires just fine taking
               | off, and I've never felt it was short of power except the
               | couple times I tried to quickly get up to highway speeds
               | in 'EV Only' mode. But running in EV Only mode at highway
               | speeds uses the battery too fast anyway. It's better to
               | use gasoline to go fast and electricity to go slow unless
               | I was expecting to have enough electricity to do the
               | whole trip. You can still put it in 'EV Now' which will
               | mostly use the battery but turn on the engine when you
               | need it for acceleration.
               | 
               | Combustion maintenance intervals are doubled on the PHEV
               | vs a conventional gas only vehicle. And the transaxle
               | shouldn't require any service (although Ford had some
               | manufacturing defects and a recently got a new one under
               | warranty).
               | 
               | Battery manufacturing improvements would improve a PHEV
               | too. Smaller batteries would take up less storage space
               | (C-Max design is suboptimal) or allow for a bigger EV
               | range with the same volume.
        
               | twblalock wrote:
               | They are also the only practical solution for many people
               | until the EV charging infrastructure is far more
               | developed.
               | 
               | EVs don't make sense for people who don't have reserved
               | parking spaces with charging. Until that problem is
               | solved, hybrids are a pretty good idea.
        
               | hedgehog wrote:
               | I used to think this but on reflection my driving pattern
               | would be served fine if I plugged in once a week while
               | grocery shopping.
        
               | TacticalCoder wrote:
               | Disagreeing too... Neighbors here both have plug-in
               | hybrids. 50 km autonomy officially, when they actually do
               | 40. Thing is: when your daily commute is 20 kilometers or
               | less, this means you don't need the ICE. But you have it
               | when you need to do more than 40 kilometers and there's
               | no "range anxiety".
               | 
               | They can go for weeks without turning the ICE on.
               | 
               | I do also think it's not a bad stepping stone to bring
               | people towards full electric cars: they get used to a car
               | that you charge at home. Meanwhile the charging network
               | gets better and better and cities/countries get the time
               | to adapt too (there's no way everybody can charge a full
               | electric car at home without changes to the current
               | grids).
               | 
               | I don't see what's wrong with ICE -> plug-in hybrid ->
               | full electric.
        
               | bittercynic wrote:
               | I thought so too, and bought a cheap EV, but also kept a
               | raggedy old civic for taking longer trips. Caring for 2
               | cars got old quick. Sold both and bought a cheap used
               | plug-in hybrid and haven't looked back.
               | 
               | Even a non-plug hybrid isn't really the worst of both
               | worlds. The battery replacement is relatively cheap when
               | it eventually needs it, it's gentler on the gas engine
               | that and ICE car, and won't waste gas running the engine
               | while you're not moving.
               | 
               | As for anemic/not exciting to drive, yeah, true. It's not
               | that important for me to have an exciting car, and I
               | think most people don't see that as a top priority.
        
           | kyrra wrote:
           | Only if the power charging the battery is cleaner than
           | petroleum based fuels. If we had nuclear everywhere, I'd
           | totally agree with you. But if you in get your power from
           | coal power plants, you will cause more emissions charging an
           | electric car compared to petrol car.
           | 
           | You're also assuming the electric grids around the world can
           | handle this increase in load.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | False. A petrol car burns petrol it's entire life. An EV is
             | already cleaner burning coal than a petrol vehicle, and the
             | electric grid will only get cleaner over time. You can
             | Google "well to wheel efficiency" to confirm.
             | 
             | With regards to charging infra, yes, I assume at the
             | current global production rate of ~2 million EVs/year built
             | and sold, the electric grid can support these new
             | distributed loads. There are already systems to orchestrate
             | vehicle charging when there is excess clean energy on a
             | local grid ("DER"). Tesla supports this today with a
             | Scandinavian utility, no different then your Nest
             | thermostat shedding AC load during peak power demand but
             | the inverse.
             | 
             | Below is a list of jurisdictions banning new fossil fuel
             | vehicle sales and when the bans go into effect. Everyone
             | has plenty of notice to prepare.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-
             | out_of_fossil_fuel_vehic...
        
           | adolph wrote:
           | It is good for now, given battery powered vehicles' advantage
           | in terms of regulation. My guess is that as they become the
           | majority of vehicles over time there will be an interest in
           | efficiency regulation similar to fuel economy for ICE
           | engines. There is already an interest in taxing electric
           | vehicles differently given the eroding base of road-building
           | taxes based on hydrocarbon fuels.
        
         | mtgx wrote:
        
         | diebeforei485 wrote:
         | This is a good thing. I am not sure why any new passenger
         | vehicle should be purely ICE powered.
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | Unless it's a plugin hybrid, a hybrid is still powered by an
           | internal combustion engine.
        
             | nixass wrote:
             | There was a market research in Germany and plug ins are
             | mostly owned by upper class, using it for cheaper/free
             | parking and (ab)using government incentives for co2 grants.
             | Funniest thing is there's very low percentage of owners who
             | drive them in EV mode, they barely bother to charge them,
             | it's being ran in ICE mode all the time. It's purely for
             | playing the system, catch few benefits (parking) and not
             | giving a shit about the environment. Beat me for source,
             | read it few months back
        
               | tecleandor wrote:
               | When you can get a 455hp (317 ICE + 145 Electric) Volvo
               | XC90 Recharge T8, and qualifies as "zero emission" and
               | gets free parking all around the city... you understand
               | the classification is quite a joke.
               | 
               | Of course, it's absurdly huge (2300Kg, 5 metes long...)
               | and its price is almost 100KEUR. It's not precisely
               | popular.
        
       | mpol wrote:
       | I think the same model gets larger each generation because of
       | marketing reasons. And since all the manufacturers are doing
       | this, no manufacturer can escape from this. At the top of the
       | line models disappear, at the bottom of the line new models get
       | added.
       | 
       | Where it goes wrong is at the bottom of the line. There are now
       | so many safety regulations (I am looking at you, EU), that these
       | cars get heavier and more costly to make. Many manufacturers
       | decide to step out or up their game. 10 years ago, the cheapest
       | model of a manufacturer would maybe be 10 thousand Euro. Now it
       | easily starts at 15 thousand Euro, and it will mostly be a model
       | of some years ago. New models at the low and small end are priced
       | heavier, because of all these safety regulations.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | The cheapest Dacia Logan models are still under EUR10K. But the
         | vast majority of new car buyers prefer to spend more in order
         | to get something larger and nicer.
        
           | s0rce wrote:
           | I think in the USA its even more. A base Chevy Spark starts
           | at $13.6k Mitsubishi Mirage (pretty much junk) starts at
           | $14.6k. Not sure you can even find those bare bones models at
           | dealers. I'm not sure if there are cheaper options but these
           | are bottom of the barrel for sure.
        
         | xunn0026 wrote:
         | Well, it's not like Germany would want to sell more expensive
         | cars or something?! :)
         | 
         | Note that expensive entry level cars compete with the used
         | cars. Plenty of them. Somehow those are still able to drive on
         | the road despite not having all those safety features (and
         | polluting more).
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | I feel there should be more incentive to buy smaller cars - and
         | therefore to make them. We have a bit of this in the "golf cart
         | cars" but we should have more - roads that are limited to
         | smaller vehicles, etc
        
           | s0rce wrote:
           | This seems to work well in Japan with "kei" cars.
        
         | peoplefromibiza wrote:
         | > 10 years ago, the cheapest model of a manufacturer would
         | maybe be 10 thousand Euro. Now it easily starts at 15 thousand
         | Euro
         | 
         | True, but with the State incentives to scrap old models, you
         | can buy a FIAT Panda for 8 thousand euros
         | 
         | But the Panda of 2022 is a much better car than the 80s Panda,
         | that costed more than that adjusting for inflation.
        
         | altarius wrote:
         | Always found it interesting how the small cars grow and then
         | the manufacturer has to slot in a new model at the bottom (eg i
         | can think of the VW Golf and Pluto, VW Tiguan and now Taos).
        
         | rdtwo wrote:
         | If you adjust for inflation that's roughly equivalent price
        
           | pooper wrote:
           | We are never going to see those really inexpensive sub ten
           | thousand dollar electric cars, are we?
        
             | 6510 wrote:
             | If the battery is easily replaceable (say 20 seconds
             | without leaving the vehicle) you could use small ones for
             | short commutes and drive from station to station (possible
             | recharging on some roads) or (rent) a big battery for long
             | trips.
             | 
             | Other parts could similarly be crappy, have upgrades and
             | the manufacturer could set up a second hand part market.
             | They might even invite even cheaper knock offs.
        
             | bittercynic wrote:
             | If you adjust for inflation, I bet it will happen. If
             | you're willing to buy used, it already has.
        
         | shaky-carrousel wrote:
         | I'm really glad that there are "so many" safety regulations on
         | a multi ton high speed device that allows 70 years old/drunk
         | users to handle it.
        
         | tecleandor wrote:
         | You can buy a bunch of small cars around or even under 10KEUR
         | when accounting the discounts...
         | 
         | Dacia Sandero, Fiat Panda, Mitsubishi Space Star, Renault Clio,
         | the Hyundai i10...
        
         | bjourne wrote:
         | Which safety regulations have caused cars to get heavier?
        
           | prepend wrote:
           | Airbags, crumple zones in frame. Here's a whole list of US
           | safety regulations and the weight they added through 2012, ht
           | tps://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/Publication/8123...
        
           | xyzzyz wrote:
           | The ones involving hitting obstacles and not crushing the
           | passengers. Bigger and heavier vehicles are at an obvious
           | advantage here, due to longer crumple zones, stronger frames
           | etc.
        
           | invalidator wrote:
           | Off the top of my head, airbags, anti-intrusion beams, ABS,
           | pedestrian protection (the hood has to be higher, which makes
           | the whole car taller), rollover protection (the pillars are
           | much thicker to prevent the roof from collapsing).
           | 
           | They're sensible things, but each adds weight. Most of them
           | scale sub-linearly with vehicle size, so the burden literally
           | weighs heavier on small cars.
        
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