[HN Gopher] How to use (or not use) a hyphen
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How to use (or not use) a hyphen
        
       Author : samizdis
       Score  : 57 points
       Date   : 2022-04-26 07:17 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newyorker.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newyorker.com)
        
       | staindk wrote:
       | Alternate link -
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20220429155234/https://www.newyo...
        
       | Melatonic wrote:
       | I usually get distracted when reading material like this but this
       | time I found it really -
        
       | zestyping wrote:
       | I'm still a curmudgeon when it comes to "e-mail".
       | 
       | It's electronic mail -- just like e-book, e-signature, e-reader,
       | e-ticket, e-file, e-learning, e-commerce, e-check, and so on. The
       | lowercase "e-" prefix is broadly used and has a particular
       | meaning.
       | 
       | The hyphen makes it read better, just like A-bomb, I-beam,
       | O-ring, S-curve, U-turn, V-neck, or X-ray. Without the hyphen it
       | looks like the stress should lean on the second syllable ("em-
       | AIL"); "email" looks as awkward to read as "abomb", "ibeam", or
       | "oring".
       | 
       | I know the ship has long since sailed on "e-mail". But to put it
       | simply, it feels better to me.
        
         | VoodooJuJu wrote:
         | Some compounds just seem to naturally shift from hyphen-
         | separated to no separation. Just one facet of the evolution of
         | language, its spelling, and the randomness at play. E-mail
         | isn't necessarily any more deserving of a hyphen than words
         | like permafrost or sitcom are. Why didn't they get hyphens? Who
         | knows.
        
         | chiefalchemist wrote:
         | > The hyphen makes it read better,
         | 
         | Along the same lines, I wish the standard for using the /
         | required a space before and after.
         | 
         | second/syllable
         | 
         | second / syllable
         | 
         | I find the latter much easier on the eye, especially when copy
         | is dense. It's easier to read the individual words and identify
         | the / at the same time. Without the spaces adds processing
         | overhead imho.
        
         | yccs27 wrote:
         | To me, the omission of the hyphen represents a change in
         | attitude towards e(-)mail: from "e-mail" as the electronic
         | version of standard mail, to email as a digital communication
         | channel in its own right.
        
         | flowerbreeze wrote:
         | I always write e-mail too. Perhaps because in my native
         | language the word "email" means "enamel" and it feels like it
         | would be a strange thing to send somebody.
        
           | zestyping wrote:
           | Exactly, I think of enamel as well.
        
           | InCityDreams wrote:
           | So what are your words for 'mail', and 'electronic'?
           | Shouldn't then 'e/mail', be literally translated to be the
           | correct thing to send to somebody (in your language)?
        
         | staindk wrote:
         | I must be younger than you. Have always thought 'email' just
         | looks and feels better... but you make good points!
         | 
         | Maybe it has something to do with frequency of use?
         | "email"/"e-mail" must be used much more (and in more contexts -
         | informal, formal, verbal, professional...) than the other
         | examples you gave, so perhaps over time it was "slangified" and
         | the hyphen dropped?
        
           | rosmax_1337 wrote:
           | Further on the topic of how words change: In swedish, we have
           | lots of english loan words in our everyday vocabulary. (To
           | the great dismay of some!) This has lead to the creation of
           | the word "mejl", which comes from the swedish way of
           | pronouncing email, where the "ai"-sound easily becomes a
           | "ej"-sound, and later this has accentuated the prounciation
           | of the word more and more.
           | 
           | The word now is its own noun in our dictionary following the
           | usual grammatical rules in swedish, for example:
           | 
           | mejl - e-mail mejlet - the e-mail mejla - sending e-mail
           | 
           | And it is also commonly used in compound words too. Like
           | mejlkorg (e-mail bin), mejlkonversation (e-mail
           | conversation), bluffmejl (hoax e-mail).
           | 
           | I'm of the younger generation, and I quite like the way this
           | works in swedish. "Mejl" to me seems like a thing in itself,
           | rather than the two words electronic mail abbreviated.
        
           | adamomada wrote:
           | If I were to make a bet I'd say it's because e happens to be
           | a vowel. It makes email look like a proper word. If it was
           | instead fmail (for whatever reason) I think you'd still see a
           | hyphen
        
             | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
             | >If it was instead fmail (for whatever reason) I think
             | you'd still see a hyphen
             | 
             | I thing "gmail" is the counter example.
        
           | bqmjjx0kac wrote:
           | I have slipped into calling email "mail" and real mail "snail
           | mail".
        
         | johnday wrote:
         | I have some bad news for you about the common words "ebook" and
         | "ecommerce", among others.
        
           | zestyping wrote:
           | Remember eeePC? They were so ahead of the curve.
        
       | phdelightful wrote:
       | > In justified text, it divides into appropriate syllables a word
       | that lands on a line break, a task that machines have not yet
       | mastered
       | 
       | Maybe I'm misunderstanding but Latex does this pretty well
       | ("mastered" is a bit fuzzy I guess).
        
         | MikeDelta wrote:
         | I think that is thanks to the Knuth-Plass algorithm, with Knuth
         | being the inventor of Tex, which powers Latex. The problem
         | seems not trivial indeed.
         | 
         | http://www.eprg.org/G53DOC/pdfs/knuth-plass-breaking.pdf
         | 
         | https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/230668/any-progress-...
         | 
         | http://litherum.blogspot.com/2015/07/knuth-plass-line-breaki...
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | The hyphenation dictionaries browsers use for CSS hyphenation
         | seem to be pretty accurate as well. At least for English.
        
           | jfk13 wrote:
           | All those I'm aware of are directly based on those used in
           | the TeX world, so that's to be expected.
           | 
           | What browsers are less good at, though, is determining
           | exactly which lines to hyphenate when the possibility exists.
           | If the 'hyphens: auto' property is used, they tend to be too
           | eager, whereas (La)TeX applies hyphenation much more
           | judiciously.
        
           | kqr wrote:
           | It goes way beyond dictionaries though. Once you know where
           | you _can_ break words, how do you know where you _should_
           | break words?
           | 
           | A simple flood fill will hyphenate very enthusiastically, use
           | suboptimal breaking points, does not consider stretching
           | whitespace, and leads to rivers and other artifacts.
           | 
           | Many more sophisticated algorithms suffer from the same
           | problems. Last I used LaTeX seriously, it also produced
           | rivers where a human using e.g. Scribus would not.
        
         | zestyping wrote:
         | I wonder if they're referring to cases where the hyphenation
         | opportunities differ for words with different meaning but
         | identical spelling. In some cases, the meaning (and hence the
         | accenting, and hence the hyphenation) can only be derived from
         | context, as with "present", which can be hyphenated "pre-sent"
         | or "pres-ent".
        
       | assbuttbuttass wrote:
       | The New Yorker also makes some other... unconventional
       | typographic decisions such as using a diaeresis in words like
       | cooperate or reexamined
       | 
       | https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-curse-of-...
        
         | oh_sigh wrote:
         | Right. Good for them for having a unique style, but I don't
         | know why anyone else would decide to format their text like
         | this. Same thing with the recent "black"/"Black" decision by
         | NYTimes.
        
           | js2 wrote:
           | The NYT, er, N.Y.T. has a crazy set of rules for
           | acronyms/initialisms.
           | 
           | Acronyms--which according to the N.Y.T is any initialism
           | which is pronounceable as a word instead of by its individual
           | letters--are styled in all capitals when they are four
           | letters or fewer. Longer acronyms are styled in titlecase.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, initialisms retain periods between the capital
           | letters. (I find this to be terribly ugly since it messes up
           | kerning.)
           | 
           | So with this combination of rules we get this ridiculous
           | result: N.F.L., NATO, and Nafta.
           | 
           | They used to write "Nascar", but it seems they've changed
           | their mind on that:
           | 
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/02/insider/now-it-is-
           | officia...
           | 
           | https://www.nytimes.com/topic/organization/national-
           | associat...
           | 
           | I wonder if anyone can figure out why the N.Y.T. styles
           | broadcast networks as acronyms? ABC, CBS, CNN, NBC.
           | 
           | https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/20/magazine/on-language-
           | ling...
        
             | Stratoscope wrote:
             | It gets even weirder. A few years ago the New Yorker had a
             | short article talking about SOS, the emergency signal used
             | in Morse Code.
             | 
             | And they wrote it S.O.S. Which is patently wrong.
             | 
             | SOS is not sent in Morse like this, as if it were three
             | separate letters:
             | 
             | dit dit dit (pause) dah dah dah (pause) dit dit dit
             | 
             | (The letter "S" is "dit dit dit" and the letter "O" is "dah
             | dah dah".)
             | 
             | It's sent all at once without pauses between the letters,
             | because it is not the three separate letters at all. SOS is
             | a "prosign", sent like this:
             | 
             | dit dit dit dah dah dah dit dit dit
             | 
             | To help indicate this, SOS is customarily typeset with an
             | overbar connecting the letters, like this:
             | ___       SOS
             | 
             | (If the bar above SOS has gaps in it when rendered on your
             | device, imagine that it is one solid bar.)
             | 
             | It's not an initialism, not three separate letters, and
             | definitely not S.O.S.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | gweinberg wrote:
               | Maybe they believe the goofy legend that it stands for
               | "save our ship".
        
           | lou1306 wrote:
           | Just playing devil's advocate here, but _cooperate_ and
           | _cooper_ have different pronunciations, and _cooperate_ (or
           | _co-operate_ ) makes it absolutely clear.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | It's the best kind of correct - technically correct.
             | 
             | Co-worker vs cow orker, etc.
        
             | googlryas wrote:
             | I can't imagine that to be the case, because this is
             | English...there are numerous common words that are spelled
             | exactly the same, but pronounced differently (read, wind,
             | wound off the top of my head). The fact that they don't
             | give them any special treatment(diatrics or something else)
             | makes me think the legibility is not the concern.
             | 
             | Also, I might be wrong, but I don't think people read most
             | words by scanning letter by letter and forming a belief as
             | to what the word says. I personally have never misread
             | cooperate as cooper, as far as I can recall.
        
               | zestyping wrote:
               | I think it's more a question of what's easier on the
               | reader, rather than what a reader can feasibly
               | distinguish. Yes, words like "read", "present", "lead"
               | have multiple prononunciations, but they have a cost; if
               | half the words you encountered were like that, English
               | would be very hard to read. I find "co-operate" slightly
               | easier to read than "cooperate", at the expense of being
               | slightly longer.
               | 
               | These are all minor trade-offs (or is it tradeoffs?) of
               | course; it's not a cut-and-dry (but hopefully not
               | cutanddry) argument as to what to do in any individual
               | case.
        
       | stewx wrote:
       | There is so much you can get for free these days. I see it on
       | packages everywhere:
       | 
       | -Gluten free
       | 
       | -Sugar free
       | 
       | -Fat free
       | 
       | -Dairy free
        
       | atoav wrote:
       | There is this silly thing with typographic rules -- I just don't
       | care about them too much.
       | 
       | They are different in any language and other than languages
       | themselves they are rather arbitrary conventions. Use whatever
       | typographic rules you like, as long as it communicates the ideas
       | you like to tell...?!
        
         | brimble wrote:
         | > Use whatever typographic rules you like, as long as it
         | communicates the ideas you like to tell...?!
         | 
         | Following conventions & rules is exactly how you communicate
         | those ideas. Failing to do so tends to cause confusion and
         | distraction. It's not about what's right and what's wrong--it's
         | about compassion for one's readers.
        
         | MerelyMortal wrote:
         | > ?!
         | 
         | I would like to introduce the interrobang: !?
        
           | nescioquid wrote:
           | You can have a little more nuance (as in chess annotations)
           | with two characters:
           | 
           | ?!: questionable or unsound move, but possibly strong
           | 
           | !?: seems to be a strong move, but possibly unsound
           | 
           | BTW, I thought these were all called interrobangs. Not so?
        
         | testbjjl wrote:
         | > Use whatever typographic rules you like, as long as it
         | communicates the ideas you like to tell...?!
         | 
         | How you communicate is sometimes more important than what you
         | communicate. How you communicate can detract from what you
         | communicate. How you communicate allows the reader better grasp
         | what you communicate.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | The media is the massage.
        
       | jonathankoren wrote:
       | Hyphenated prefixes are dumb. There's literally no reason for it.
       | People already know how to pronounce cooperate. However, if
       | you're feeling fancy, they proper punctuation is a diaeresis.
        
       | jonpalmisc wrote:
       | If this stuff (typography, punctuation, etc.) interests you,
       | definitely check out Butterick's Practical Typography [1]. Great
       | resource and easy to follow.
       | 
       | [1] https://practicaltypography.com/
        
         | unmole wrote:
         | But please don't do things like this:
         | 
         | > Cross-references, denoted with small caps, are clickable.
         | 
         | > Links to outside material are denoted with a red circle, like
         | so.
         | 
         | Hyperlinks are almost universally distinguished by underlining
         | them. There is no rational reason to invent a new design
         | language and expect people to learn it. And for what benefit?
         | The seemingly random capitalisation of words and weird circles
         | in the middle of the text makes it much more jarring than
         | simple underlining.
        
           | flyingfences wrote:
           | The site also has a page on Underlining [0], in which the
           | author explains his perspective on underlining as an
           | unsightly relic of mechanical typewriters, which had no other
           | ways -- italicizing, bolding, different fonts, small-caps --
           | of emphasizing text. His is a style guide for professional
           | publishing, in which appearances matter.
           | 
           | [0] https://practicaltypography.com/underlining.html
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | The sum and the whole of the law shall be do whatever
           | everyone else does unless you have a damn good reason, imo.
        
         | AlanYx wrote:
         | Butterick's advice en dashes is fairly controversial though, in
         | that it's the opposite of the advice given in Robert
         | Bringhurst's _The Elements of Typographic Style_ and other
         | works, with no real explanation given for Butterick 's
         | position.
        
         | jerry1979 wrote:
         | I can practically feel that cut off capital A in my arms and
         | chest.
        
       | mauvehaus wrote:
       | I'm a little surprised that anyone would write this article
       | without mentioning the en-dash and em-dash. They are frequently
       | confused with hyphens but serve a rich and sometimes overlapping
       | variety of purposes.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash#En_dash
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash#Em_dash
       | 
       | (Edited to fix the spelling of em-dash. Doh!)
        
         | ramshorns wrote:
         | My favourite example of this is using an en dash for a
         | relationship between two separate things, rather than the more
         | closely-connected compound adjective of a hyphen.
         | 
         | Italian-American relations: foreign relations between the
         | governments of Italy and the United States. Italian-American
         | relations: relatives who have moved from Italy to the United
         | States.
        
           | caymanjim wrote:
           | I'm surprised at how much of an impact your use of the en
           | dash here has on how I read the sentence. I found myself
           | pausing longer between words in my inner dialogue as I read
           | "Italian-American".
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | Came here to say the same. Reduces the authority of the article
         | imho.
        
         | deno wrote:
         | Article is about (very pedantic) orthography not typography.
         | There are at least two em dashes used in the article but--
         | that's-(nevertheless)-completely-offtopic.
        
         | dn3500 wrote:
         | They don't mention it because the dash is dead. Check any major
         | news web site, even the New York Times, and you'll find they
         | often use the repulsive double hyphen in place of dash.
        
           | thekoma wrote:
           | The article has two Em dashes in the first paragraph. I
           | believe haven't noticed the double hyphen anywhere. I know
           | some word processors turn `--` to En dash and `---` to Em
           | dash, so it might be a mix-up there.
        
             | dn3500 wrote:
             | Can't find any in the NYT today, but here's one from CNN: h
             | ttps://lite.cnn.com/en/article/h_ff31bbc01931e2dcb21eea5d2b
             | ...
        
               | lelandfe wrote:
               | Their full site uses an en dash:
               | https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/29/us/texas-migrant-arrest-
               | progr...
               | 
               | I'd be aghast if a double hyphen was the house style for
               | a major news outlet.
        
               | geoffpado wrote:
               | Does it? I definitely see a double-hyphen at this link.
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | Many applications will auto-correct, or typeset double dash
           | to an En-dash. Perhaps they thought they were using such an
           | editor?
        
             | valenaut wrote:
             | I always type -- for en dash. Usually text fields that
             | accept markdown-like syntax will correct it, but I just
             | leave it if they don't.
        
           | deltarholamda wrote:
           | >repulsive double hyphen
           | 
           | Why do you insult my Underwood? It has not harmed you.
        
       | denton-scratch wrote:
       | > precious few are devoted to a single mark.
       | 
       | "Eats Shoots and Leaves" is surely the canonical apostrophe rant.
        
         | SeanLuke wrote:
         | _Eats Shoots and Leaves_ is riddled with punctuation errors.
         | What it _is_ is a canonical example of why the British, who
         | long ago abandoned consistent punctuation, should not write
         | books lecturing others about punctuation.
         | 
         | I think the best takedown of this hilariously bad screed is
         | here:
         | 
         | https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2004/06/28/bad-comma
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | I don't treat it as a lecture; I treat it as a pretty funny
           | rant.
           | 
           | I agree that it's snobby; but I still enjoy her poke at
           | "Carrot's PS1" - the "grocer's apostrophe". It's a book of
           | satirical humour, you're not supposed to take it too
           | seriously.
           | 
           | Oh, the inconsistency of English is by design. Was it Doctor
           | Higgins in My Fair Lady who claimed to be able to locate the
           | origin of any English accent? The perverse grammar of English
           | (and I suppose any other language) is a xenophobic
           | shibboleth[0].
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibboleth
        
         | ramshorns wrote:
         | I thought it was about a comma? But the book discusses all
         | kinds of punctuation.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-04-29 23:02 UTC)