[HN Gopher] Balloon detects first signs of a 'sound tunnel' in t...
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       Balloon detects first signs of a 'sound tunnel' in the sky
        
       Author : amichail
       Score  : 141 points
       Date   : 2022-04-28 13:40 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | zackmorris wrote:
       | The link in the article about measuring global warming by the
       | speed of sound through the SOFAR channel is genius IMHO:
       | 
       | https://www.science.org/content/article/ocean-s-hidden-heat-...
       | 
       | The embedded video shows how much energy in zettajoules the ocean
       | has absorbed at the 20 second mark:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPH1TFgv6m8
       | 
       | This is stuff that just can't be unseen, regardless of how hard
       | deniers keep denying.
        
         | dontcare007 wrote:
         | Wow, knowingly releasing data that could negatively affect
         | National Security.... -
         | 
         | "We didn't tell the Navy that if you published the signal,
         | which we did, then you could figure out where the receivers
         | were,"
        
           | dontcare007 wrote:
           | Negative points and no discussion of why? The quote was in
           | the first of the linked articles.
        
         | jiveturkey wrote:
         | > regardless of how hard deniers keep denying.
         | 
         | sorry, but lol. We've had very good evidence for some time.
         | This is "just" something additional. The deniers aren't
         | operating on evidence.
        
           | jkubicek wrote:
           | You can't reason people out of a position they didn't reason
           | themselves into in the first place
        
         | zmgsabst wrote:
         | That chart claims there's 0 ZJ in 1970... which seems unlikely,
         | since the planet wasn't at absolute zero then.
         | 
         | I think you'd come across as more credible if the chart showed
         | the contextualized change -- rather than clearly being edited
         | for dramatic effect.
        
         | ErikVandeWater wrote:
         | It's funny how this thread is making fun of people for not
         | taking climate change seriously when the thing that "can't be
         | unseen" is a chart with no title and no error bars that cuts
         | off ~9 years before the video was published.
        
       | dontcare007 wrote:
       | Wow, knowingly releasing data that could negatively affect
       | National Security.... -
       | 
       | "We didn't tell the Navy that if you published the signal, which
       | we did, then you could figure out where the receivers were,"
        
       | JoeDaDude wrote:
       | Some people are so nitpicky...
       | 
       | From TFA: "He instigated a top-secret experiment, code-named
       | Project Mogul, that sent up hot air balloons equipped..."
       | 
       | I believe this is an error. Per Wikipedia [1]: "...rubber
       | meteorological balloons, however, these were quickly replaced by
       | enormous balloons made of polyethylene plastic. These were more
       | durable, leaked less helium...". So the Project Mogul balloons
       | were NOT hot air balloons. Which is not surprising. To fulfill
       | the mission, a hot air balloon would have to carry fuel and
       | perform controlled burns to maintain altitude. Not that this
       | would be impossible, it is just easier IMHO to release ballast.
       | 
       | [1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mogul
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | Why do you trust one source and not the other?
        
           | kurthr wrote:
           | Because simple hot air balloons (without gas buoyancy) would
           | not be very effective at this sort of problem. It makes much
           | more sense to use He lift weather balloons (even if they use
           | temperature controlled solar power to maintain proper
           | buoyancy).
           | 
           | I'm just looking at the pictures, but they don't look/lift
           | like simple hot air balloons to me. I'd lean toward the
           | science writer simplifying the language.
        
           | JoeDaDude wrote:
           | It's not just one source over the other, it is also the
           | impracticality of the hot air balloon for this purpose, as I
           | stated in my post.
           | 
           | This observation, borne out of my (admittedly brief) exposure
           | to both hot air balloons (I know hot air balloon pilots and
           | have ridden with them) and weather balloons (I planned, but
           | did not execute, a project with my son's boy scout troop to
           | launch a weather balloon to the stratosphere), combined with
           | my engineering instincts (FWIW), convinced that the Wikipedia
           | source was correct.
        
       | grugq wrote:
       | Related. Here is a good lecture on project modul, the initial
       | work looking at sound propagation in the atmosphere.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4ygiQHSNDc
        
       | areoform wrote:
       | Wasn't this exactly what the Project Mogul, the project thought
       | to have sparked off the entire Roswell alien saga, was doing?
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mogul
       | 
       | Is this the first time that the channel has been publicly
       | verified? Or, in other words, has the data for the existence of
       | this channel been known for some time and kept classified? Or, is
       | there something else going on?
       | 
       | edit - yes, I've read the article. And while the article mentions
       | this. It doesn't seem to go into detail about what Mogul actually
       | found, and how this diverges. At least not to my understanding of
       | the text,
       | 
       | > After geophysicist Maurice Ewing discovered the SOFAR channel
       | in 1944, he set out to find an analogous layer in the sky. At an
       | altitude of between 10 and 20 kilometers is the tropopause, the
       | boundary between the troposphere, the lowest layer of the
       | atmosphere (where weather occurs), and the stratosphere. Like the
       | marine SOFAR, the tropopause represents a cold region, where
       | sound waves should travel slower and farther. An acoustic
       | waveguide in the atmosphere, Ewing reasoned, would allow the U.S.
       | Air Force to listen for nuclear weapon tests detonated by the
       | Soviet Union. He instigated a top-secret experiment, code-named
       | Project Mogul, that sent up hot air balloons equipped with
       | infrasound microphones.
       | 
       | > The instruments often malfunctioned in the high winds, and in
       | 1947, debris from one balloon crashed just outside of Roswell,
       | New Mexico; that crash sparked one of the most famous UFO
       | conspiracy theories in history. Soon after, the military
       | disbanded the project. But the mission wasn't declassified for
       | nearly 50 years. By then, Cold War tensions had settled and
       | research in atmospheric acoustics had all but died out, says
       | Stephen McNutt, a volcanic seismologist at the University of
       | South Florida. "All of a sudden, the rug got pulled out, and
       | infrasound wasn't funded for 30 or 40 years," he says.
       | 
       | > But Sarah Albert, a geophysicist at Sandia National
       | Laboratories in New Mexico, never gave up on the idea. She was
       | intrigued by the potential of new solar-powered balloons that can
       | float passively at stable altitudes and wireless telemetry that
       | can broadcast data continuously over long ranges.
       | 
       | I raised this because the article seems to be a bit incorrect,
       | because geophysical MASINT continues to be an important part of
       | intelligence gathering.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical_MASINT
       | 
       | The DNI has a public primer on it,
       | https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/21-113_MASINT_Prime...
       | 
       | Directly after Project Mogul, there was Project Skyhook,
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyhook_balloon , which IIRC
       | included a number of sensors including microphones.
       | 
       | I'm struggling to understand whether or not they actually
       | verified something that seemingly was known since the 1940s?
        
         | smm11 wrote:
         | Then a couple years later we chucked Starfish Prime into space
         | to see what might happen.
        
         | ancientworldnow wrote:
         | The article discusses this if you read it.
        
         | xeromal wrote:
         | Yeah, they mention this in the article.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | InitialLastName wrote:
         | Per the article, the main issue with Project Mogul is that the
         | detection equipment wasn't reliable enough to confirm the
         | channel (even just getting a weather balloon to stay at a
         | constant altitude is difficult); the project fell into the low-
         | priority list for military research and (due to being
         | classified until recently) wasn't visible to the general
         | public.
         | 
         | Even now, researchers have only detected "signs" of an evasive
         | channel; it appears to be far more inconsistent than the analog
         | in the ocean (which makes intuitive sense, since pressures and
         | temperatures in the atmosphere are far more variable than in
         | the ocean).
        
       | MentallyRetired wrote:
       | Correct me if I'm wrong, but won't this inevitably lead to
       | articles with the title "Researchers detect subsonic boom but
       | can't identify the source"? What other possible benefits could
       | this have? Surely we know about the earthquakes this article says
       | the "tunnel" it will detect.
        
         | 8bitsrule wrote:
         | Article: "But to their surprise, the scientists also picked up
         | other sounds in the channel. "There's infrasound events of
         | unknown nature that occur several times per hour," says Daniel
         | Bowman, a geophysicist at Sandia and collaborator on the
         | project. "And there's no good explanation."
         | 
         | This could help sort out those worldwide "hum" problems ('Taos
         | Hum','Windsor Hum'. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hum]
        
           | revolvingocelot wrote:
           | FWIW the now-silent Windsor Hum seems to have been a
           | (particularly ill-maintained) steel plant on Zug Island,
           | across the Detroit River.
           | 
           | https://windsor.ctvnews.ca/infamous-windsor-hum-finally-
           | dies...
        
         | xeromal wrote:
         | They're seeking similar benefit to the tunnel in the ocean.
         | Sure, they can't figure out what it is now but over time they
         | can improve it. Could be very useful to detecting volcanoes for
         | instance.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | The fact they are using solar balloons is pretty interesting.
       | 
       | Here's how they made it for ~$30 -
       | https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/atot/37/6/JTECH-D...
       | 
       | Fun version on Amazon for ~$30 - https://www.amazon.com/TEDCO-
       | Tedcotoys-Activity-50-foot-Ball...
        
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       (page generated 2022-04-28 23:00 UTC)