[HN Gopher] Apple's grip on iOS browser engines disallowed under...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Apple's grip on iOS browser engines disallowed under proposed EU
       rules
        
       Author : guerrilla
       Score  : 121 points
       Date   : 2022-04-26 16:01 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theregister.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theregister.com)
        
       | astlouis44 wrote:
       | Very excited for this. My team is bringing Unreal Engine to the
       | browser, and it works great on computers but not so much on iOS
       | due to the restrictions that iOS brings. Being able to use a
       | Chromium browser together with WebGPU will enable a whole new
       | distribution path for game developers who don't want to fork over
       | a 30% tax to Apple. The open web allows for direct online
       | distribution with no middlemen, that's always been the beauty of
       | it.
       | 
       | Video demo of our platform: https://youtu.be/WSIFyz-2PeY
        
         | giancarlostoro wrote:
         | > The open web allows for direct online distribution with no
         | middlemen, that's always been the beauty of it.
         | 
         | I'm still surprised considering it's basically WebKit under the
         | hood. What are some of the things that don't work on iOS? Are
         | they part of WebKit and removed for arbitrary reasons or is
         | WebKit worse than I imagine?
        
           | my123 wrote:
           | Apple is building a web browser engine, Google is building a
           | sandboxed application runtime - that happens to be a web
           | browser engine superset.
        
         | Rhedox wrote:
         | Sounds interesting. How do you store assets? Unless it's a tiny
         | game (for which UE4 isn't a great fit either) you could be
         | looking at having to download 100MB or more every time you
         | launch the game.
        
           | astlouis44 wrote:
           | We have our own asset fetching system which only loads in
           | what is absolutely necessary, for example you don't need the
           | entire game and can often get away with loading the first 5%
           | or so. Everything else (assets) gets streamed in at runtime
           | in the background.
        
             | _aavaa_ wrote:
             | Streaming sounds great. 5% instead of the whole game is an
             | improvement over downloading 100% just to use a small
             | portion of the game. But if the user has to keep re-
             | downloading those 5% over and over, then it's a bit of a
             | wash no?
        
           | Mikeb85 wrote:
           | Pretty sure you can get the browser to cache websites no?
        
           | rektide wrote:
           | Some of the biggest changes in gaming engines is that they
           | have gotten much much more advanced about streaming first low
           | res assets in, starting the game, then continuing to stream
           | high res assets in on the fly.
           | 
           | Even if a user doesnt have cached assets (which i think is
           | the main point against your supposition, that assets can be
           | cached after first launch), ideally a modern game could still
           | load very fast at very low fidelity & keep pulling down
           | higher fidelity assets as the user plays.
        
             | astlouis44 wrote:
             | Exactly, this is what we're doing with our asynchronous
             | asset fetching system.
        
         | threeseed wrote:
         | > who don't want to fork over a 30% tax to Apple
         | 
         | a) It's 15% for most developers and not a tax by any
         | definition.
         | 
         | b) It only applies to applications which accept money from
         | users.
         | 
         | c) No government has ever said that Apple is not entitled to
         | this.
         | 
         | d) You would have to be crazy to think Apple will allow b)
         | without them being compensated. What is likely to happen is
         | that Apple will have a Payment API that you as a developer will
         | need to call every time you accept a payment. They will then
         | bill you for the 15% each month and ban you for non-payment.
         | And reconciliation is easy because they can simply download
         | your app, trigger a payment and make sure they see a
         | corresponding request for their API.
        
           | compsciphd wrote:
           | if games work in browsers, then they would have to ban the
           | browser, which would presumably run afoul of these rules....
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | I think you're confused. There are two ways to distribute
             | applications:
             | 
             | 1) Create a website and ask users to open it in
             | Safari/Chrome. You have not benefited from Apple's
             | technologies nor customer base that they acquired. You used
             | your tools, you acquired your customers and so Apple claims
             | no commission.
             | 
             | 2) Create an app that is a wrapper around WebKit/Chromium.
             | For this case you have used Apple's technologies (e.g.
             | Swift/XCode) and you are benefitting from Apple's customer
             | base (via the App Store). Whether you download the app from
             | the App Store or a third party store is irrelevant. From
             | Apple's perspective you still owe the 15-30% commission.
             | 
             | And as I mentioned below this is not hypothetical. It's
             | exactly what happened in Netherlands.
        
           | aaomidi wrote:
           | This wouldn't be acceptable under the spirit of these
           | regulations. And definitely wouldn't be acceptable to a lot
           | of us.
           | 
           | If apple wants, they can split their OS and their phones if
           | they want to "make money for writing an OS". At the same time
           | that'd also obligate them to make it possible to install
           | android OS on their hardware.
           | 
           | But yeah no, apple does not "deserve" a percentage of your
           | revenue because they have written the OS and don't let you
           | switch the OS.
           | 
           | Imagine arguing Microsoft should charge people x% of every
           | software sale because they write the OS.
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | > This wouldn't be acceptable under the spirit of these
             | regulations
             | 
             | You clearly haven't been paying attention to the EU
             | regulations. Because it is exactly in the spirit of them
             | and what Apple did in response to Dutch authorities
             | demanding third payment providers [1]. They got their
             | 15-30% either way.
             | 
             | And it is completely normal for Apple to have a commission
             | on application purchases made on their platform. It's no
             | different to how many websites e.g. Shopify or hardware
             | e.g. Playstation work.
             | 
             | [1] https://developer.apple.com/support/storekit-external-
             | entitl...
        
               | aaomidi wrote:
               | I have been. And I expect apple to get in a lot of
               | trouble over the decision with NL.
               | 
               | I actually wouldn't be surprised if we saw a huge % of
               | global revenue fine for that. And apple would deserve it.
        
         | somethoughts wrote:
         | This seems like a really elegant solution - it simultaneously
         | improves browser technology for all of the internent and avoids
         | the appstore walled garden tax.
         | 
         | The hope would be to that Unreal makes a generically useful
         | browser that can navigate to any web page (include hacker news)
         | so it can't be blocked from/taxed by the appstore. But also
         | provides W3C/industry standard compliant WebGPU advances and
         | ways to cache login info/game assets/game states and handle
         | game networking - of which Unreal as well as its competitors
         | such as Unity can use if they wanted to.
         | 
         | If Unreal implements its browser hooks in a non-standardized,
         | purposefully cryptic proprietary way - then they are really
         | just creating their own walled garden - which they can do but
         | can't really claim any moral high ground (if that's important
         | to them).
        
       | Apocryphon wrote:
       | One of the reasons for why Apple disallowed third-party browser
       | engines is because Mobile Safari alone is allowed to use a
       | JavaScript JIT, ostensibly for security reasons. This is why
       | Firefox on Safari uses WebKit, and why Chrome must rely on iOS's
       | stock webviews rather than Blink's own JIT. Mobile Safari has
       | this via the dynamic-codesigning entitlement.
       | 
       | Further reading:
       | 
       | https://saagarjha.com/blog/2020/02/23/jailed-just-in-time-co...
       | 
       | Discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22401146
        
         | jsnell wrote:
         | The actual reason is rule 2.5.6 from the App Store review
         | guidelines:
         | 
         | > 2.5.6 Apps that browse the web must use the appropriate
         | WebKit framework and WebKit Javascript.
         | 
         | Sure, if Apple does the predictable thing and allows JIT
         | compilation only for WebKit-based browsers, questions will be
         | asked. But so far it has been impossible for anyone to just
         | accept that tradeoff and publish a browser with their own
         | engine anyway.
        
         | usrn wrote:
         | Regardless of the validity of restricting JIT I'm sure many
         | people would be happy having slower JS if they could use
         | different browser engines.
        
           | hellisothers wrote:
           | "normal" people would pick a slower browser? Why would they
           | do that, for any normal person reason?
        
             | usrn wrote:
             | I don't see the word "normal" in my comment but judging by
             | their behavior with Windows and Chrome: yes, they will pick
             | whatever works.
        
           | Apocryphon wrote:
           | It's possible that faster browser engines could be created,
           | if potentially less secure. It would at least introduce more
           | competitiveness into this space on iOS.
        
         | NtGuy25 wrote:
         | This is really the big reason. IOS blocks applications from
         | running dynamic code. The kernel is immutable and replaced on
         | every update, and safeguarding the JS engine is a huge benefit
         | of controlling the OS. Antivirus's really struggle with this on
         | PC because of all the dynamic code being ran that they can't
         | really enforce things like code signing, requiring executable
         | code to be mapped to the disk, etc.
         | 
         | This is going to make everyones phone ALOT less secure. There's
         | a reason android malware and hacks are a big issue and there's
         | almost none on IOS, as the footprint is so low due to things
         | like this.
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | > _There 's a reason android malware and hacks are a big
           | issue and there's almost none on IOS, as the footprint is so
           | low due to things like this._
           | 
           | Actually, iOS exploits are cheaper than Android exploits
           | because iOS exploits are so plentiful in comparison[1][2].
           | 
           | [1]
           | https://www.theregister.com/2020/05/14/zerodium_ios_flaws/
           | 
           | [2] http://zerodium.com/program.html
        
       | asddubs wrote:
       | I do support this in principle, and I don't think apple should be
       | allowed to block other browsers, and I also think they should be
       | forced to allow sideloading in general.
       | 
       | That being said, in practice, I fear that this will lead to
       | badness. Google already has so much power over what the web is
       | and is not, and this will only strengthen it further.
        
         | simion314 wrote:
         | Apple could actually compete and fix their broken WebGl
         | support, sound API or whatever makes the games not work on
         | their browser.
         | 
         | The reason I personally don't support Safari is because I can
         | test it, there is no Safari for Linux and when I tried to use a
         | third party service for testing they were missing the Beta
         | versions and a coworker that had a Mac could not install the
         | Beta because Apple wanted an OS update first. But we support
         | Firefox so if Chrome/Chromium is not on your liking for my
         | stuff you can use Firefox.
        
           | asddubs wrote:
           | Epiphany is a pretty good safari substitute under linux,
           | although I do share your gripe. In the end I did just buy a
           | used iphone 6s to test stuff on mobile safari, but I agree
           | that I shouldn't have to.
           | 
           | Still, I fear that if google manages to do to safari what it
           | did to firefox, that it will be bad for firefox as well.
           | Right now safari is realistically pretty much the last hurdle
           | from people just testing exclusively against the chrome API
           | along with all its bugs and proprietary interfaces.
        
             | simion314 wrote:
             | A phone is not enough, you need a desktop too, most of our
             | issues where with WebGl , first they broke it on iOS and we
             | put a check to detect the mobile devices and disable th ee
             | WebGl feature and use a downgraded 2D version , later Apple
             | decided to update iPads browser to pretend it is a
             | desktop(probably to avoid some websites sending iPad users
             | the mobile version) but this broke our detection and this
             | people where getting the webGl feature that failed on iOS.
             | We fixed this iPad issue but later Apple put on desktop
             | same broken WebGl thing and now we had to detect all newer
             | Safari versions and downgrade them all to the 2d slower and
             | uglier thing.
             | 
             | I do not control the WegGl plugin I spoke of so I don't
             | know the details why it broke, anyway we had the issues
             | reported by customers because no developer in our team
             | wants to use Apple stuff. I don't think the GNOME browser
             | would have caught this WebGl issues since is probably
             | related with Apple removing OpenGl support for their
             | drivers.
        
         | kitsunesoba wrote:
         | Yes, Chromium/Blink should be spun off into a Mozilla
         | Foundation like non-profit. There's too much conflict of
         | interest with Google wielding so much control over such a large
         | piece of internet infrastructure.
        
       | sytelus wrote:
       | It is intriguing to see EU's vs US's philosophy differences. Such
       | legislation would never fly in US. People will be up in arms
       | about government interference and not letting businesses figure
       | things out. The general sentiment in US is that government is
       | stupid, incompetent and inefficient. They put more barriers to
       | progress and almost always screw things up even when they are
       | well intentioned. This philosophy has worked out well at least
       | considering there in no Apple, Google, Tesla or other thousands
       | of companies in EU and some how all these creative giants almost
       | always born in US. The concerning part is that all EU legislation
       | get automatically applied in US. For example, none of the US
       | companies have to do stupid "accept cookies" things but they are
       | forced into it anyway.
        
         | sangnoir wrote:
         | Have you considered confounding factors?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jdmoreira wrote:
       | Soon I will need to use chrome on my iphone just to keep up with
       | webapps that rely on apis not supported by Safari? That's
       | terrible. I already have to use chrome on the desktop to be able
       | to use a hanful of apps and I'm not pleased.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | Nope, soon Apple will be required to compete with Chrome on
         | features. As the largest company in the world, that shouldn't
         | be an issue for them.
        
           | ocdtrekkie wrote:
           | It doesn't matter. Even if Safari is competitive, Google will
           | force everyone to use Chrome on iOS and it won't matter what
           | Safari can and can't do.
        
             | FireBeyond wrote:
             | They don't force it on macOS, so your description of this
             | as a fait accompli doesn't quite gel.
        
             | heavyset_go wrote:
             | Sounds like FUD to me, especially considering nobody is
             | forced to use Chrome on Windows, macOS or Linux, and that
             | I've been using Firefox on Android for a decade now.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | What's the market share for Firefox ?
               | 
               | I think that should answer the question about whether
               | it's FUD or not.
        
               | ocdtrekkie wrote:
               | This is untrue: I regularly deal with companies forcing
               | people and other companies to use Chrome on Windows and
               | such. Your lack of experiencing it doesn't mean it isn't
               | happening.
               | 
               | But you're also missing the point: Without Safari,
               | there's no longer further incentive for Google to
               | participate in the web standards process, over just
               | forcing people to use Chrome.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | > Without Safari, there's no longer further incentive for
               | Google to participate in the web standards process, over
               | just forcing people to use Chrome.
               | 
               | Nobody is getting rid of Safari, they're just repealing
               | the idea of forcing any one user to use a first-party
               | browser. Worrying about Chrome's dominance is a
               | completely separate topic from the freedom to choose the
               | browser you want to use.
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | You should look at the history of Netscape and Microsoft.
           | 
           | And how Microsoft would push proprietary features e.g.
           | ActiveX which took nearly a decade to become a HTML standard
           | and locked websites specifically to IE.
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | I'm familiar. I also remember how endless litigation and
             | antitrust lawsuits forced them out of the practice, and
             | sent a warning and a precedent to the rest of the industry.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | I don't think you are familiar.
               | 
               | Because the litigation and antitrust lawsuits were to do
               | with the bundling of IE and the coercion Microsoft
               | applied against OEMs.
               | 
               | There was nothing against Microsoft for adding
               | proprietary features.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | Because proprietary features are fine? Nothing happened.
               | ActiveX died. You're better off complaining about the
               | "proprietary" APIs in iOS and how they're stifling cross-
               | platform innovation because Apple refuses to publish them
               | everywhere else. Whining about being forced to use
               | certain platforms for certain features is pretty damn
               | ironic when you're standing in iOS' corner.
               | 
               | I say, let it happen. If Apple had a better browser, this
               | wouldn't be a problem. C'est va.
        
               | ece wrote:
               | ActiveX is a far cry from Chromium-based browsers being
               | available on every other platform which has nearly
               | perfect Chrome compatibility save for some DRM bits if I
               | remember correctly.
        
         | heavyset_go wrote:
         | I've used desktop and mobile Firefox for everything for years
         | and it's worked perfectly well. This sounds like FUD to me.
         | Just because you're scared of Chromium doesn't mean that
         | everyone should be forced to use Safari and only Safari on the
         | hardware they own.
        
           | ocdtrekkie wrote:
           | The fact that Safari is required to support iOS is the only
           | reason site owners can't switch entirely to Google-
           | proprietary standards. As soon as alternative engines in iOS
           | is allowed, web standards are over, and your Firefox will
           | stop being adequate.
        
             | ComradePhil wrote:
             | Meh! Chromium is the standard, not what Google builds on
             | top of it. There's Edge, Brave, Opera, Vivaldi etc. which
             | will continue to exist even if Google suddenly disappears.
             | 
             | Besides, Apple maintains Safari the way it does for no
             | other reason than for disallowing people from building more
             | functional open web apps so that to reach iOS users, one
             | has to build native iOS apps.
        
             | heavyset_go wrote:
             | Doubt it, considering that Firefox single-handedly defeated
             | the IE monopoly and no one was forced to use it like
             | they're forced to use Safari.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | The IE team was being hobbled by MS management out of a
               | desire to prevent as much as possible the movement of
               | apps from Windows to the web.
        
               | ocdtrekkie wrote:
               | This is an entirely fictional history of the world. IE
               | was never defeated on the scale we are currently forced
               | to suffer Chrome. Firefox took some consumer market share
               | (until Chrome took it), but most businesses stayed on IE
               | for an extremely long time, until enterprise apps left
               | Java/ActiveX only a few years ago for more HTML5-based
               | design. Then Chrome took a large chunk of enterprise, and
               | finally Microsoft killed their own child by forcing
               | everyone over to the new Chrome forked Edge.
               | 
               | Comparatively, Chrome controls the majority of consumer,
               | business, and mobile, and the sole defense against a
               | completely proprietary web platform is Safari being
               | required on iOS.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | > _IE was never defeated on the scale we are currently
               | forced to suffer Chrome_
               | 
               | IE actually had a much larger scale the Chrome does, as
               | IE had 95% of the browser marketshare in 2004. Just
               | because IE existed for years afterwards, despite only
               | having a minuscule amount of marketshare, doesn't mean it
               | wasn't defeated, either.
        
               | olliej wrote:
               | You're literally saying Firefox defeated the IE monopoly,
               | and then turning around and saying IE had 95% market
               | share.
               | 
               | "Just because IE existed for years afterwards, despite
               | only having a minuscule amount of marketshare, doesn't
               | mean it wasn't defeated, either."
               | 
               | Lets go look at what actual numbers were:
               | 
               | 2008:
               | 
               | IE: 69% Firefox: 26% Chrome: 0% Safari: 2-3%?
               | 
               | 2009/2010 (Peak Firefox): IE: 55% Firefox: 32% Chrome:
               | >4% Safari: <4%
               | 
               | I'm going off graphs rather than tables so the numbers
               | are a bit off.
               | 
               | 2012 (Peak safari): Firefox: 24% IE: 34% Chrome: 32%:
               | Safari: 8%
               | 
               | 2018 (Edge Becomes a chromium wrapper): Firefox: 12% IE:
               | 6% Edge: 4% Chrome: 69% (Hey that's where IE was!)
               | Safari: 3%
               | 
               | October 2021 (From chart on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
               | /Usage_share_of_web_browsers) Firefox: 6-8% IE: / Edge:
               | 12% Chrome: 73% Safari: 3% Actually just chrome: 85%
               | 
               | Opening up iOS is not going to magically make Firefox
               | popularity boom, any more than android, if people install
               | a different browser it will be chrome.
               | 
               | And once that is possible, Google will push Chrome on all
               | of their properties. Just like they do on desktop.
               | 
               | To reinforce the amount of power google has. No other
               | browser managed to kill IE6, not even IE>6. Then one day
               | Google literally just decided that they would stop
               | support IE6 on YouTube. Every person who came to YouTube
               | with IE6 was greeted with "your browser is not supported.
               | Update to a newer one. Chrome is a browser by Google that
               | is designed from the ground up for security and
               | performance. You can get it here".
               | 
               | They rapidly rolled that change to their other
               | properties, and by the power of controlling all the
               | largest and most popular sites on the web they killed IE6
               | in like 6 months.
               | 
               | The entire existence of other browsers is dependent on
               | what Google does with their dominance in web content.
               | 
               | I don't know about Firefox, but in Safari when I go to
               | pretty much any google property it's aggressively
               | marketing Chrome, and reasonably high % of the time.
               | Google.com itself, possibly 100% of the time?
               | 
               | At the same time google has actively pushed back against
               | most privacy efforts on the web, regularly nominates new
               | standards that have the sole purpose of supporting their
               | advertising business, etc
        
         | kitsunesoba wrote:
         | This is what I'm worried about as well. Remember those "Works
         | best in Internet Explorer" badges and having to close Netscape
         | and open IE just to have sites function? That experience is
         | about to have a modern incarnation.
         | 
         | It's bad news for Firefox, too. With Firefox/Gecko marketshare
         | barely hanging on at 3%, WebKit/Safari is the last bastion
         | against a near-Chromium/Blink monopoly at 19%. If devs don't
         | have to care to test against Safari they definitely aren't
         | going to bother testing against Firefox.
         | 
         | At this point I think it may be prudent to push for
         | Chromium/Blink to be spun out of Google into a non-profit
         | organization. Its overwhelming majority marketshare makes it
         | too prone to abuse by its owning corporation.
        
           | Apocryphon wrote:
           | If other browser engines can be allowed, then Mozilla can
           | port Gecko to iOS. Firefox Browser iOS is currently using
           | WebKit.
        
             | olliej wrote:
             | You're missing the point: for better or worse, "Safari
             | only" on iOS is probably the only thing causing any
             | significant friction for "this site only works in chrome".
             | 
             | Sites already routinely require chrome on desktop. Remove
             | Safari on iOS and ask yourself: will more sites support
             | non-chrome browsers, or will fewer?
        
             | kitsunesoba wrote:
             | It'll be nice to have real Gecko on iOS, but it's moot
             | because it won't be what's taking marketshare from
             | Safari/WebKit. It'll be something Chromium/Blink based
             | instead, most likely Chrome.
             | 
             | Even now on Android Chrome is by far the dominant browser
             | despite lacking extension capabilities (and thus,
             | adblocking capabilities) entirely. Firefox for Android has
             | the massive technical advantage of being able to run uBlock
             | Origin but it doesn't make much of a difference.
             | 
             | Users will go where developers and heavyhanded marketing
             | (as Google has been notorious for with Chrome) push them.
        
           | jb1991 wrote:
           | > That experience is about to have a modern incarnation.
           | 
           | You speak like it's coming, but it's already been this way
           | for years. I worked at a company with an SPA that officially
           | only supported Chrome, and I've since used services by other
           | companies that did not work in Safari or FF only be told by
           | their tech support that I must use Chrome.
        
             | ocdtrekkie wrote:
             | Line of business apps are definitely already this way, it's
             | why I know the apocalypse is coming for the web when this
             | goes through.
             | 
             | My favorite was being told we _had_ to use Chrome on iOS
             | for a site to work... even though obviously it 's still
             | just Webkit.
        
         | dv_dt wrote:
         | Chrome gets closer and closer to becoming the new Internet
         | Explorer in terms of browser interoperability, privacy, and
         | lock in.
        
           | SahAssar wrote:
           | Not even close. IE did things like include directx filters
           | (which obviously need directx to work), activex, choose a
           | non-standard box-model (which webdevs might choose these
           | days, but back then there was no choice) and many, many more
           | things. I don't like chrome and especially on the privacy
           | front it's bad but they usually try to make sure that their
           | features are at least technically adoptable by other
           | platforms.
           | 
           | We don't have to call a browser "the new IE" to argue against
           | their anti-features.
        
           | Rhedox wrote:
           | To be fair Chrome is also far ahead of Firefox when it comes
           | to performance and security (not to be confused with
           | privacy).
           | 
           | Safari is fast but compatibility is lacking, not just
           | compared to Chrome.
        
             | olliej wrote:
             | Yeah, but compatibility is already defined as "what chrome
             | does". To be clear I mean quirks, not features. You can
             | easily make objective comparisons on "does feature exist in
             | browser Y" so I'll leave that as an exercise for the reader
             | :D
             | 
             | But "compatibility" is things like layout quirks, and
             | before Chrome was the IE of the web, "correct behavior" was
             | "what IE does". A lot of the IE escape was engineering
             | effort devoted to developing IE compatibility. A chrome
             | monopoly is going mean google has functionally complete
             | control of the web, so they can simply state that their
             | behavior _is_ the spec. On top of that they already
             | regularly force the addition of google identity based
             | spying directly into the browser.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | I doubt it. I use Firefox on my phone (as in, actual Firefox,
         | not the Safari shim available on iOS) and pretty much
         | everything works perfectly fine. Web apps, addons, you name it.
         | 
         | Of course, Firefox and Safari lack a completely different set
         | of features, but people actually need to test for Safari
         | because of Apple's iron grip over their customers' phones.
         | Nobody tests on Firefox, especially not Firefox mobile!
         | 
         | Sometimes someone here links a fancy new piece of tech relying
         | on Google's weird proprietary APIs, and that's when I switch to
         | Bromite.
         | 
         | You'll be fine. I don't know what applications you need to use
         | Chrome for on the desktop, but I very much doubt there'll be an
         | exodus from the app store to the mobile web any time soon.
        
           | lstamour wrote:
           | Things might only work fine now because people are forced to
           | test mobile apps in Safari. If Safari's market share drops
           | significantly over a 3-5 year period, you might see "Works
           | best in Chrome" start to appear again...
           | 
           | I get it though. Every so often I find a site that works well
           | in both Safari and Chrome due to WebKit but doesn't work in
           | Firefox. It's pretty rare, but it happens.
        
             | jeroenhd wrote:
             | I don't think Safari's market share will drop as much as
             | Firefox's did. Safari brings some features for mac/iOS
             | users that Chrome struggles to emulate. The Apple's laser
             | focus to make their stuff work on their devices and their
             | devices alone makes Safari have some decent value for
             | people who bought into their ecosystem.
             | 
             | If anything, I think it'll drive Apple to pay more
             | attention to their browser. They can afford to leave their
             | bug reports open because users don't have a choice in
             | browser, but once they can't anymore, they'll have a reason
             | to use some of their excessive wealth to improve their
             | browser.
             | 
             | Also remember that this law only applies to EU sales. Apple
             | will likely still block real browsers in markets outside
             | the EU just like they're setting up different systems for
             | each government that takes action against their walled
             | garden. Big web applications often come from the USA and
             | they'll need to support the American general public.
        
               | ridiculous_fish wrote:
               | On the flip side, you can expect Google to engage in a
               | massive advertising campaign to push Chrome on iOS. I
               | think Google would be very happy to enjoy the same level
               | of Chrome marketshare on iOS as they do on Android.
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | They already have significant marketshare on iOS. But
               | there's only so much you can get without official first
               | party control or favoritism, e.g. Google being the
               | default search engine on browsers. An advertising
               | campaign will pick up some more new users, sure, but this
               | EU mandate doesn't really ramp things up unless an iOS
               | Blink-based Chrome offers substantially better experience
               | than the current WebKit-based Chrome.
        
         | rektide wrote:
         | You could run a chromium build or Edge. Perhaps Firefox would
         | work, or one of the upstart new browsers.
         | 
         | What apps/sites are Chrome only for you?
         | 
         | I tend to think this is a huge non-issue, & outsizedly bemoaned
         | as a convenient way to dock the obvious advantage of freedom.
         | In practice I expect this only to be an issue where it is
         | critical, such as the top current comment's example of running
         | Unreal Engine, which Safari just cant do. The web still has
         | enough collective memory of the bad times that social pressure
         | against favoring specific browsers will be strong. I havent
         | heard actual examples of problems/ outrage yet; if it became a
         | significant issue, I'd expect then we'd see real vocal &
         | concerted pushback.
         | 
         | In general I favor not governing technology choices/alignment
         | by fear of the unknown. We dont know yet on tbis one. Insisting
         | on a conservative limited approach, based on fear, without
         | enabling exploration, consigns us to limited sad fates.
        
       | warning26 wrote:
       | Good. Even putting aside the discussion on sideloading, Apple
       | blocking all non-Safari browsers is utterly egregious.
       | 
       | To think we considered Microsoft simply bundling IE bad in the
       | 90s -- imagine if they had software that _actively prevented_ you
       | from installing Netscape.
        
         | als0 wrote:
         | Here's what I don't understand. Microsoft had (and still has) a
         | monopoly on desktop computer software. Like 90% of the market.
         | The anti trust concern was that they could abuse their position
         | to gain dominance in another market, such as the browser
         | market. A very genuine concern, given their install base.
         | 
         | Apple doesn't have more than 25% share in mobile or desktop
         | markets. People can switch to Android and get what they want.
         | It's egregious if a monopoly restricts you, but for smaller
         | players where do you draw the line? 25% of the market?
        
           | saurik wrote:
           | If every supermarket in the West half of the country is owned
           | by one company, that is a monopoly even though they only have
           | 50% of the market, as "the relevant market" gets analyzed to
           | mean "the west side of the country". The real question is
           | whether one believes that iPhone vs. Android counts as
           | morally equivalent to West vs. East, due to how: 1) most
           | normal people only have a single phone, and thereby they
           | can't just randomly pop over to Android to buy something the
           | same way they can just pop over to a different supermarket in
           | a market with competing supermarkets; and 2) high switching
           | costs--which are partly born from an active decision by these
           | companies to make purchases be non-transferable--prevents
           | people from even "moving to the other side of the country"
           | (similar to the high switching costs of physically doing
           | literally that) in order to switch markets.
        
           | matthewdgreen wrote:
           | Apple has ~57% of smartphone marketshare in the US.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | And gaining
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31136586
        
               | als0 wrote:
               | From your link, iOS is at 25% https://stockapps.com/wp-
               | content/uploads/2022/04/market-domi...
        
               | guiambros wrote:
               | BRIC countries largely dominate the high volume / low end
               | of the range [1], so the share will change drastically
               | per country and region. iOS is at 22% globally [2], but
               | much higher in the US [3].
               | 
               | [1] https://newzoo.com/insights/rankings/top-countries-
               | by-smartp...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.counterpointresearch.com/global-
               | smartphone-share...
               | 
               | [3] https://appleinsider.com/articles/22/02/15/apples-
               | iphone-dom...
        
               | paulmd wrote:
               | So why should users in those countries should just be
               | discarded out of hand as far as marketshare concerns?
               | 
               | Again, globally, an 87/13 split is extremely concerning
               | and the numbers for actual browser share are even more
               | tilted than that. Firefox and Safari are the only
               | holdouts and they collectively make up about 10% of the
               | market, everything else is Chromium in a wig.
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | The root comment in this thread is about market share in
               | terms of monopoly concerns. Therefore it stands to reason
               | that each local jurisdiction, whether the U.S., E.U.,
               | South Korea, etc., will determine monopoly standards
               | based on regional marketshare.
        
               | paulmd wrote:
               | The root comment in this thread is about _browser_
               | marketshare in terms of monopoly terms. _Hardware_
               | marketshare is actually a tangent to the actual
               | discussion in the first place.
               | 
               | Browser monoculture is the problem that - if you'll read
               | back to the OP - this comment thread is supposed to be
               | about. Forcing iOS to open up is a short-term benefit for
               | user freedom and a long-term downside for user freedom
               | due to the monoculture that will result when that 87%
               | marketshare becomes 100% and we see a return to "this
               | browser is not supported, please view this page using
               | Chrome" and having captchas that are impossible to bypass
               | unless you're feeding Google your personal information.
               | 
               | Furthermore, even then, we're only at most talking about
               | a 60-40 split even in the most cherrypicked markets... a
               | 60-40 split is not monopoly power really. And _in
               | contrast_ , in the big picture Android already has an
               | 87-13 majority, which _is_ getting into the territory
               | where monopoly is a concern (hence the concern over
               | monoculture and privacy intrusions), and again that 's
               | _hardware_ , looking at _software_ the picture is even
               | more bleak and Chrome /Chromium are over 90% marketshare.
               | 
               | Anyway, you may not care about the market as a whole, but
               | you still are affected by it regardless, so it matters,
               | even if a few niches do remain majority (but not
               | monopoly) apple.
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | In this discussion, browser and hardware are
               | intrinsically linked, because the hardware is the
               | platform that the browser lives on, and iOS as a platform
               | has specific restrictions about what browser engines can
               | be used on it.
        
           | brokenodometer wrote:
           | Substitution and lock-in are also things that the antitrust
           | laws are concerned with as they are relevant to how you
           | define the market in the first place. If the market is for
           | iOS browser engines, Android browsers cannot effectively
           | compete for consumers who are locked-in to the iOS ecosystem
           | due to the switching costs and other barriers that must be
           | surmounted in order for consumers to access those browsers.
           | Almost no one is going to switch from an existing $1000+
           | phone to a new one solely because of their browser, leading
           | to almost zero cross elasticity of demand between iOS and
           | Android browsers (high cross-elasticity being indicia that
           | products are part of the same market, e.g., mobile browsers).
           | 
           | So one way to answer your question would be to say that Apple
           | has complete control over the relevant market, which is the
           | market for iOS browser engines.
        
             | irrational wrote:
             | But, nobody pays for browsers (anymore). What are they
             | competing for? It is ALWAYS about money. Are they competing
             | to see who can collect your data to see to third parties?
             | Who can show you ads in their browser? Those are both bad
             | things in my opinion, so Apple blocking them is consumer
             | friendly behavior. But, of course, in a country ruled by
             | corporations, this would be seen as bad.
        
           | dmonitor wrote:
           | Apple's mobile marketshare is much higher in the US, which is
           | where an antitrust suit could reasonably happen. It's above
           | 50%
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | > _Apple doesn 't have more than 25% share in mobile or
           | desktop market_
           | 
           | This is incorrect. In the US, Apple has over 60% of the
           | mobile OS marketshare[1], and 60% of the market is therefore
           | forced to use Safari and only Safari.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.pcmag.com/news/ios-more-popular-in-japan-and-
           | us-...
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | s/is therefore forced/have therefore chosen
             | 
             | There, fixed that for you. They chose to buy an iPhone and
             | I think at this point people know what they're choosing and
             | why. Nobody forced them to do anything. If I buy a
             | PlayStation, I'm not being 'forced' to not be able to play
             | Call of Duty. I do feel some of apple's App Store
             | rextrications are excessive, although they are being pushed
             | in the right direction, but this sort of frothingly
             | apoplectic language gets really irritating.
        
             | paulmd wrote:
             | You're singling out one particular market and claiming that
             | represents the big picture, when it very much is an
             | exception. Specific niche markets having a small majority
             | of one or the other isn't concerning, _someone_ is going to
             | be on top and 57-43 is basically as equal as it gets even
             | in your cherrypicked example.
             | 
             | Globally, Android has 87% of the market and iOS has 13%.
             | That is far far more concerning than Apple having a small
             | majority in one specific market.
             | 
             | And to be clear it's not over 60%, even your own source
             | says that's false - you're backing a literal browser
             | monoculture with 87% global hardware marketshare and 90%
             | software marketshare by wrapping yourself in the language
             | of antitrust and competitiveness, and you _still_ can 't do
             | it without using falsehoods and exaggerations.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | I'm in the US, and advocate for regulation in the US. I
               | do not care about marketshare in the rest of the world,
               | and neither does the FTC. The only statistic that matters
               | in this case is that iOS has 60% of the marketshare in
               | the US, and what happens in other countries is
               | irrelevant.
        
               | paulmd wrote:
               | To be clear, the FTC doesn't have a problem with the
               | current situation, so evidently they don't think it
               | matters either.
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | The FTC's current priority under Lina Khan is data
               | privacy regulation, which is already a huge topic. One
               | can of worms at a time.
        
           | orev wrote:
           | > The anti trust concern was that they could abuse their
           | position
           | 
           | No. The antitrust concern was that they *did* abuse their
           | position to damage the browser market, which is evidenced by
           | how long IE11 has been around. Luckily the value prop of the
           | web was enough to overcome their strategy.
           | 
           | Being a monopoly is _not_ illegal. A company can perfectly
           | legally have a natural monopoly of 100% of a market without
           | being illegal. The problem only comes when they use that
           | position to prevent other competitors from entering the
           | market, or when they use their position to take over other
           | markets.
        
       | marcofiset wrote:
       | EU is making some solid moves in the legislation against tech
       | giants. I love it.
        
       | makerofspoons wrote:
       | Very exciting if this means PWA support on iOS can now reach
       | parity with Android.
        
         | lstamour wrote:
         | PWA support is improving, though. https://firt.dev/ios-15.4b
         | (that post is based on a beta, it's possible noted bugs will be
         | fixed already, though this is Apple we're talking about...)
        
           | dr_spicy wrote:
           | I tried playing around with PWAs the other day, but certain
           | like [0] seem to really jeopardize the "Progressive" part of
           | PWAs which is one of their major differentiatiors.
           | 
           | [0]
           | https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=891339
        
       | Brian_K_White wrote:
       | Yet another case of "Ridicule the gdpr cookie banners all you
       | want but I'll take that over the nothing everyone else has even
       | tried."
       | 
       | I cheer them on, banners and all. go go go!
        
       | ridiculous_fish wrote:
       | _Once web apps work properly across all devices and can provide
       | native-like functionality, how many companies will choose to
       | rebuild their app several times (with the vastly increased
       | development and maintenance costs) [for multiple platforms]
       | rather than just build it once [for the web]._
       | 
       | This is uncritically presented as desirable.
        
         | mtomweb wrote:
         | Significantly reducing the costs of app development is
         | desirable in so many different ways.
        
       | corobo wrote:
       | Man I hope this means we'll be getting Firefox extensions on iOS
       | eventually, that'd be so useful
        
         | cardiffspaceman wrote:
         | I'm afraid it will mean we have to endure Google extensions.
        
           | emptyparadise wrote:
           | Safari already supports those.
        
             | ComradePhil wrote:
             | What do you mean? Safari definitely doesn't support Chrome
             | extensions.
        
         | freediver wrote:
         | This is already possible, (some) Firefox extensions work in
         | Orion browser on iOS.
        
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